Front matter
Class _ Book.
J 1 ne'er did Grecian ctusel ira.c . rL7Tripln.,aNaiad,or a Grace.
' ' face '
Introduction
The -way was long, the \nnd was cold,
Tlie Minstrel was infirm and old ;
His withered cheek, and tresses gray,
Seemed to have known a hetter day ;
ITie haqi, his sole remaining joy,
Was carried hy an orphan boy.
The last of all the bards was he,
Wlio sung of Border chivahy ;
For, well-a-day ! their date was fled.
His tuneful brethren all were dead;
And he, neglected and oppressed.
Wished to be with them, and at rest,
No more, on prancing palfrey home.
He carolled, light as lark at mom;
No longer courted and caressed,
High placed in hall, a welcome guest,
He poured, to lord and lady gay,
The unpremeditated lay :
Old times were changed, old manners gone ,
A stranger filled the Stuart's throne ;
The bigots of the iron time
Had called his harmless art a crime.
A wandering haqier, scorned and poor.
He begged his bread from door to door:
And tuned, to please a peasant's ear,
The liarji, a King had loved to hear.
INTRODUCTION.
He passed where Newark's stately towel Looks out from Yarrow's birclien bower: The Minstrel gazed with wishful eye — No humbler resting place was nigh, With hesitating step, at last.
The embattled portal-arch he passed, AVhose ponderous grate, and massy bar, Had oft rolled back the tide of war, But never closed the iron door Against the desolate and poor.
The Duchess* marked his wearj- pace, His timid mien, and reverend face.
And bade her page the menials tell, That they should tend the old man well : For she had known adversity.
Though l)orn in such a high degree ; In pride of power, in beauty's bloom, Had wept o'er Monmouth's bloody tomb.
"When kindness had his wants supplied, And the old man was gratified.
Began to rise his minstrel pride : And he began to talk anon.
Of good Earl Francisf, dead and gone, And of Earl Walter_t, rest him God ! A braver ne'er to battle rode : And how full many a tale he knew, Of the old Avarriors of Buccleuch ; And, would the noble Duchess deign To listen to an old man's strain.
Though stiff his hand, his voice though wcaJj, He thought even yet, the sooth to speak, That, if she loved the harp to hear, He could make music to her ear.
The humble boon was soon obtained ; Tlie Aged Minstrel audience gained.
• Anne, Duchpss of Buccleuch and Monmouth, representative of the ancient lords of Buccleuch. and widow of tlie unfoitauate James, Duke of Monmouth, who was beheaded in l'38o.
+ Francis Scott, Earl of Buccleuch, father to the ducho^is.
X Walter, Earl of Buccleuch, grandfather to the duchess, and a oolebrated warrior.
INTRODfCTJON.
But, when he reached the room of state,
Where she, with all her ladies, sate,
Perchance he wished his boon denied ;
For, when to tune his harp he tried,
His trembling hand had lost the ease.
Which marks security to please ;
And scenes, long past, of joy and pain,
Came wildering o'er his aged brain —
He tried to tune his harp in vain.
The pityinff Duchess praised its chime,
And gave him heart, and gave him time,
Till every string's according glee
Was blended into harmony.
And then, he said, he would full fain
He could recall an ancient strain,
He never thought to sing again.
It was not framed for village churles,
But for high dames and mighty earls ;
He had played it to King Charles the Goo(3_
When he kept court at Holyrood ;
And much he wished, yet feared, to try
The long forgotten melody.
Amid the strings his fingers strayed, And an uncertain warbling made.
And oft he shook his hoary head.
But when he caught the measure wild, The old man raised his face, and smiled , And lightened up his faded eye, With all a poet's ecstasy!
In varying cadence, soft or strong. He swept the sounding chords along : The present scene, the future lot, His toils, his wants, were all forgot: Cold ditfidenoe, and age's frost.
In the full tide of song 'Vere lost; Each blank, in faithless memoiy void. The poei's glowing thought supplied; And, while his harp responsive rung, ■'Twas thus the Latest Minstrel siuig
THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL.
CANTO FIKST.
I,
The feast was over in Branksome tower,*
And the Ladye had gone to her secret bower;
Her bower, that was guarded by word and by spoil.
Deadly to hear, and deadly to tell — •
Jesu Maria, shield us well!
No living wight, save the Ladye alone.
Had dared to cross the threshold stone.
II. The tables were drawn, it was idlesse all
Kniglit, and page, and household squire, Loitered through the lofty hall.
Or crowded round the ample fire.
The stag-hounds, weary with the chase.
Lay stretched upon the rushy iloor.
* In the reiffn of James I. Sir 'Wllliain Scott, of Bucolenc'i, chief of the clan bearing that name, exchanged, with Sir Thomas Inglis of Manor, the estate of Murdiestone, in Lanarkshire, for ouo-lialf of the barony of Branksome, or Branxholm. lying upon the Teviot, about three miles above Hawick ; after which Branksome became the principal seat of the Buccleuch family, while security was any object in their choice of a mansion.
The extent of the ancient edifice can still be traced by some Testiges of its foundation, and its strenjjth is obvious from the situation, on a deep bank surrounded by the Teviot, and flaukod b> a deep ravine, formed by a precipitous brook.
Canto I.] Lay Of The Last Minstrel. /
And urged, in dreams, the forest race, From Teviot-stone to Eskdale-moor.
III. Nine-and-twenty knights of fame
Hung their shields in Branksome Hall;* Niue-and-twenty squires of name
Brought them their steeds from bower to stall; Nine-and-twenty yeomen tall AVaited, duteous, on them all : They were all knights of mettle true, Kinsmen to the bold Buccleuch.
IV
Ten of them were sheathed in steel. With belted sword, and spur on heel : They quitted not their harneis bright, Neither by day, nor yet by night :
They lay do\\ai to rest
With corslet laced.
Pillowed on buckler cold and hard;
They carved at the meal
With gloves of steel, [barrerL
And they drank the red wine through the btilmet
V
Ten squires, ten yeomen, mail-clad men, AVaited the beck of the warders ten; Thirty steeds, both fleet and wight. Stood saddled in stable day and night. Barbed with frontlet of steel, I trow, And with Jed wood-axe at saddle bow;-f* A hundred more fed free in stall : — Such was the custom of Branksome Hall.
» The ancient barons of Duccleuch, retained in their household, at Branksome, a number of gentlemen of their o\^rn name, who held lands from their chief for the military service of watching ana warding his castle. Satchells gives us the names of twentyfouj -gentlemen, younger brothers of ancient families, who we're pensioners to the house of Buccleuch, and describe-! the lands which each possessed for his border service. In time ot war with England, the garrison was doubtless augmented.
+ The Jedwood aice wa? a. sort of partiian or halbert, used by borsemeii. It is also called a Jedwood or Jeddart stoif.
LAY OF THE [CANTO L
Why do these steeds stand ready dight? AVliy watch these warriors, armed, by night? They watch, to hear the blood-hound baying ; They watch, to hear the wai"-horn braying ; To see St George's red cross streaming, To see the midnight beacon gleaming;
They watch, against Southern force and guile. Lest Scroop, or Howard, or Percy's powers, Threaten Branksome's lordly towers. From AVarkworth, or Naworth, or merry Carlisk.*
Such is the custom of Branksome-Hall. —
Many a valiant knight is here ; But he, the Chieftain of them all.
His sword hangs rusting on the wall,
Beside his broken spear.
Bards long shall tell.
How lord Walter fell If When startled burghers fled, afar, The furies of the Border war ; AVhen the streets of high DunedinJ Saw lances gleam, and falchions redden, And heard the slogan's§ deadly yell — Then the Chief of Branksome fell.
Can piety the discord heal,
Or stanch the death-feud's enmity?
Can Christian lore, can patriot zeal,
Can love of blessed charity?
* Bratiksome Castle was continually exposed to the attacks (rf (he English, both from its situation and the restless military disposition of its mhabitants, who were seldom on good terms wilt", their neighbours.
+ Sir Walter Scott, of Buccleuch, succeeded to his grandfather. Sir David, in 1492. He was a brave and powerful baron, and warden of the west marches of Scotland ; and was slain bv the Kerrs in the streets of Edinburgh, in 1552. This is the event alluded to in Stanza VII.; and the poem is supposed to open shortly after it had taken place.
J Edinburgh.
§ The war-cry, or gathering word, of a Border olan.
CANTO I.] LAST MIXSTRSL.
No ! vainly to each holy shrine,
In mutual pilgriniafre, they drew;* Iniplored, in vain, the cfrace divine
For chiefs, their own i«d falchions slew: While Cessfoid owns the ride of Car,"!*
Wliile P>.trick hcasts the line of Scott, The sliiULhtcred chiefs, the mortal jar,
The ha ■oc of the feudal war, Sliall nevf r, never be forgot !
IX.
In sorrow, o'er lord Waltei-'s hisr The warlike foresters had hent; And manv a Hower, and many a tear.
Old Te\ lot's maids and matrons lent: But o'er h ;r warrior s bloody bier The Lady I- dropped nor flower nor tear! Vengear ce, deep-brooding o'er the slain. Had lacked the source of softer woe; And burning pride, and high disdain,
Forl)ade the rising tear to How; Until, arrtid his sorrowing clan,
Her s)n tisped from the nurse's knee — " And, it I live to be a man,
" My father's death revenged shall be!" Then fa'ot the mother's tears did seek To dew the infant's kindling cheek.
All loose her neglisrent attire,
All loose her golden hair.
Hung Miirgaret o'er her slaughtered sire,
And -wept in wild despair.
* Among other expedients resorted to for stanching the feud betwixt the Scotts and the Kerrs, there was a bond executed, in 1529, between the heads of each clan, binding' themselves to perform reciprocally the four principal pilgrimag-es of Scotland, for the benefit of the souls of those of the opposite name who had fallen in the quarrel. Such pactions were not uncommon in fpudal times; but they were often, as iu the present case, void of thf Oesiipd effect.
+ The ramily of Ker, Kerr, or Car, was very powerful on the Bonier. Fyues Morrison remarks, in his Travels, tliat their influt.nce extended from the «-il\asre of I'reston Grange, in Lothiiin. to the limits of England. The Duke of Boxbui-ghe represents Ker ufCensford.
▲ 2
10 LAY OF TUE fCVNTC '
But not alone the bitter tear
Had filial grief supplied ; For hopeless love, and anxious fear.
Had lent their mingled tide : Nor in her mother's altered eye Dared she to look for sympathy.
Her lover, 'gainst her father's ckn.
With Car in arms had stood, When Mathouse-burn to Melrose ran.
All purple with their blood.
And -svell she knew, her mother dread. Before lord Cranstoun she should wed,* Would see her on her dying bed.
XI.
Of noble race the Ladye came; Her father was a clerk of fame,
Of Bethune's line of Picardie if- He learned the art, that none may name,
In Padua, far beyond the sea.:J: Men said, he change<^l his mortal frame
By feat of magic iiiysten.'; ^
For when, in studious mood, lie pac^jjr -
St Andrew's cloistered hall.
His form no darkening shadow traced
Upon the sunny Avail I§
* The Cranstouiis, Lord Cranstoun, are an ancient Borctoi family, whose chief seat \«-as at Crailing in Teviotdale. The7 were at this time at feud with the clan of Scott: for it appears that the Lady of Buccleuch, in 1557, beset the laird of Cranstouu, seeking his Lif^. TS'evertheless. the same Cranstoun, or perhaps hid Don, was married to a daughter of the same lady.
^ The Bethunes were o? French origin, and the name wiis accounted among the most noble in France. The family of Bi-tht.ne, or Beatoun, in Fife, produced three learned and dignified prelates: and from it was descended Dame Janet Beaton, Lady Buccleuch, iridow of Sir Walter Scott of Branksome. She was' a woman or masculine spirit, and possessed the hereditary abilities of her family in such a degree, that the superstition of the vulgar imputed them to supernatural kno^vledge.
t Padua was long supposed by the Scottish peasants to be tlio principal school of necronancy.
§ The vulgar conceive, that when a class of students have 'nnde a certain progress in their mystic studies, thev are ohligea to nnj through a subterraneous hall, where the devil "literally catches the hindmost in the race, unless he crosses the hall so speedily, that the arch enemv can only apprehend his shadow. Those, wto lif ve thus lott Cheir shadow, always prove the best magicians.
CANTO L]
LAST MINSTREL.
And of his skill, as bards avow,
He taught tliat LaAye fair, Till to her bidding she coiild bow
The viewless forms of air.* And now slie sits in secret bower, In old Lord David's western tower, And listens to a hea\y sound.
That moans the mossy turrets round. Is it the roar of Teviot's tide.
That chafes against the scaur's^ red side ? Is it the wind that swings the oaks ? Is it the echo from the rocks ?
What may it be, the hea^'y sound.
That moans old Branksome's turrets round?
XIII.
At the sullen, moaning sound.
The ban-dogs bay and howl; And, from the turrets round, Loud whoops the startled owl.
In the hall, both squire and knight Swore that a storm was near, And looked forth to view the night;
But the night was still and clear !
From the sound of Teviot's tide, Chafing with the mountain's side, From the groan of the wind-SA\-ung oak, From the sullen echo of the rock, From the voice of the coming storm.
The Ladye knew it well !
It was the Spirit of the Flood that spoke.
And he called on the Spirit of the FelL
* The Scottish ^-ulgar. helievc in the existenca of spirits residing ill the air. nr in the watfrs to whose agency they ascribe floods, stonpn, and tenip«?st3. The introdtiPtion of the River and Moui> taiii Spirits tticrefme accords with the general tone of the romance, and the superstitions of the comitry where the scone is laid. + Scuurx a j^rtcipilous bank of earth.
12 LAY OF THE [CANTO I.
XV.
River Spirit.
" Sleepest tliou, brother ?"
Mountain Spirit.
" Brother, nay —
On my hills the moon-beams play From Cniik- cross to Skell'hill-peu, By every rill, in every glen,
Alerry elves their morrice pacing,
To aerial minstrelsy, Emerald rings on bro^^^l heath tracing, Trip it deft and merrily.
Up, and mark their nimble feet !
Up, and list their music sweet !"
XVI.
River Spirit.
"Tears of a.n imprisoned maiden
Mix with my polluted stream; Margaret of Branksome, sorrow- laden,
Mourns beneath the moon's pale beaHU Tell me, thou, who viewest the stars, When shall cease these feudal jars ? What shall be the maiden's fate?
Who shall be the maiden's mate .^"
XVII.
Mountain Spirit.
" Arthur's slow wain his course doth roll, In utter darkness, round the pole ; The Northern Bear lowers black and grim*, Orion's studded belt is dim ; Twinkling faint, and distant far, Shimmers through mist each })lanet star;
111 may I read their high decree : But no kind influence deign they shower On Teviot's tide, and Branksome's tower.
Till pride be quelled, and love bo free.*"
XVI 1 1.
The unearthly voices ceast,
And the hea\7 sound was still ;
rvVTOLj LAST MiNSTaEU 13
It died on the river's breast,
It died on the side of the hill. — But round Lord David's tower
The sound still lioated near; For it rung in the Ladye's bower.
And it i-ung in the Ladye's ear.
She raised her stately head,
And her heart throbbed high with pride:— " Your mountains shall bend, And your streams ascend.
Ere Margaret be our foeman's bride T*
XIX.
Tlie Ladye sought the lofty hall.
Where many a bold retainer lay.
And, with jocund din, among them all.
Her son pursued his infant play.
A fancied moss-trooper, the boy*
The ti-uncheou of a spear bestrode. And round the hall, right merrily.
In mimic foray rode.
Even bearded knights, in arms grown old.
Share in his frolic gambols bore.
Albeit their hearts, of mgged mould, Were stubborn as the steel they wore. For the gray warriors prophesied.
How tlie brave boy, in future war.
Should tame the Unicorn's pride.
Exalt the Crescents and the Star."}*
XX.
The Ladye forgot her purpose high,
One moment, and no more ; One moment gazed with a mother's eye.
As she paused at the arched door :
* Moss-trooper was tlie usual appellation of the maranderi upon the Border ; a profession diligently pursued by the inhabitant on both fides, and by none more actively and successfully than by Baccleuch's claiu Their predatory inroads were termed forays.
+ The arms of the Kerrs of Cessford were, yat on a cUiveron, bet\s-ixt three unicorns' heads erased argent, three inoUets tab!e. Crest, an unicorn's head erased proper. The Scotts of Buccleueh bore. Or on a bend azure; a star of six points betwizC two crescents of the first.
14 LAY OF THE [CANTO t
Then, from amid the armed train.
She called to her William of Deloraine.*
A stark moss-trooping Scott was he, As e'er couched border lance by knee : Through Sohvay sands, through TarraB moss, Blindfold, he knew the paths to cross ; By wily turns, by desperate bounds. Had baffled Percy's best blood-hounds ;t In Eske, or Liddel, fords were none, But he would riJe them, one by one ; Alike to him was time or tide, December's snoAv, or July's pride ; Alike to him was tide, or time.
Moonless midnight, or matin prime: Steady of heart, and stout of hand, As ever drove prey from Cumberland ; Five times outlawed had he been.
By England's king and Scotland's quGcru
XXII.
" Sir William of Deloraine, good at need. Mount thee on the wightest steed ; Spare not to spur, nor stint to ride. Until thou come to fair Tweedside ; And in Melrose's holy pile Seek thou the Monk of St ^Mary's aisle.
Greet the father well from me ; Say, that the fated hour is come,
And to-night he shall watch with thee, To win the treasure of the tomb : For this will be St Michael's night. And, though stars be dim, the moon is bright; And the Cross, of bloody red.
Will point to the grave of the mighty dead.
* The lands of Deloraine in Ettrirke Forest, ■were immemo rially possessed by the Buccleuch family, and were occasionally granted by them to vassals or kinsmen, for Border-service.
t The kings and heroes of Scotland, as well as the Borderriders, were someiimts obliged to stndy how to evade the pursuit of blood-hounds. A sure way of stopping the dog was to cross ^ brook, or river, or to spill blood upon the track, which destroyed the discriminatine fmnness of his scent.
CANTO LJ LAST MINSTREL. 15
XXIII.
"What he gives thee, see thou keep; Stay not thou for food or sleep : Be it scroll, or be it book.
Into it, knight, thou must not look; If thou readest, thou art lorn !
Better had'st thou ne'er been bom."
XXIV.
" O swiftly can speed my dapple-gray steed-
Which drinks of the Teviot clear; Ere break of day," the warrior 'gan say,
" Again will I be here : And safer by none may thy errand ba done,
Than, noble dame, by me; Letter nor line know I never a one,
Wer't my neck- verse at Hairibee."*
XXY.
Soon in his saddle sate he fast, And soon the steep descent he past, Soon crossed the sounding barbican,'!* And soon the Teviot side he won.
Eastward the wooded path he rode; Green hazels o'er his basnet nod: He passed the PeelJ of Goldiland, And crossed old Borth^w-ick's roaring strand; Dimly he viewed the Moat-hill's mound.§ Where Druid shades still flitted round; In Hawick twinkled many a light ; Behind him soon they set in night; And soon he spurred his courser keen Beneath the tower of Hazeldean.H
* Hairibee, the place of executing: the Border marauders a.*. Carlisle. The neck-verse is the beafinnhig of the 51st psalm. Miserere mei, &c., anciently read by criminals, claimingthe beueiit of clergy.
t Barbican, the defence of the outer gate of a feudal ciwtle.
* Peel, a Border tower.
§ This is a round artificial mount near HawicV, which, from ita name (Mot. ^ng. Sax. Concilium, Convenius), was probably anciently used as a place for assembling a national council of the adjacent tribes.
II The estate of Hazeldean, corruptly Hassendean, belonged fojv merly to a family of Scocts.
[CANTO
XXVI.
The clattering hoofs the -watchmen mark; — - " Stand, ho ! thou courier of the dark." " For Branksome, ho P' the knight rejoined. And left the friendly tower behind. He turned him now from Teviotside,
And, guided by the tinkling rill, Northward the dark ascent did ride,
And gained the moor at Horbeliehill ; Broad on the left before him lay.
For many a mile, the Roman way.*
XXVII.
A moment now he slacked his speed, A moment breathed his panting steed; Drew saddle-girth and corslet-band. And loosened in the sheath his biand. On Minto-crags the moon-beams glint, Where Barnhill hewed his bed of tlint;"f* Who Hung his outlawed limbs to rest, Where falcons hang their giddy nest. Mid cliffs, from whence his eagle eye For many a league his prey could sjjy; Cliffs, doubling, on their echoes borne, The terrors of the robber's horn; Cliffs, which, for many a later year. The warbling Doric reed shall hear. When some sad swain shall teach the grove, Ambition is no cure for love.
XXVIII.
Unchallenged, thence past Deloraine To ancient Riddel's fair domain,^
* An ancient lloman road, crossing through part of Roxburg;bshire.
+ A romantic assemblage of cliifs, which rise suddenly above the vale of Teviot. A small platform, on a projecting crag,' con. nianding a most beautiful prospect, is tern\ed BiirnhilCs Iltd, Tl.:s Barnhili is said to have been a robber or outlaw. There are remains ot a strong tower beneath the rucks, where he issup|osed o have dwell, and from which he derived his name.
X The family of Kiddell have been very long in possession of the barony called Kiddell, or Ryedale, pan of which still bears ttie latter name. The epithet ancient is justified by the fact that their charters ascend to the reign of David I.
CANTO L]
"NVhere Aill, from mountains freed, Down from the lakes did raving come; Each wave was crested with taAvny foam.
Like the maue of a chestnut steed.
In vain ! no torrent, deep or broad, Might bar the bold moss-trooper's road.
XXIX,
At the first plunge the horse sunk low.
And the water broke o'er the saddle-bow;
Above the foaming tide, I ween.
Scarce half the charger's neck was seen;
For he was barded* from counter to tail.
And the rider was armed complete in mail;
Never heavier man and horse
Stemmed a midnight torrent's force.
The warrior's very plume, I say,
Was daggled by the dashing spray;
Yet, through good heart, and our Ladye's grace,
At length he gained the landing place.
Now Bowden Moor the march-man won.
And sternly shook his plumed head, As glanced his eye o'er Halidon;')'
For on his soul the slaughter red Of that unhallowed mom arose, When first the Scott and Car were foes; When royal James beheld the fray, Prize to the victor of the day ; AV'hen Home and Douglas, in the van. Bore doNvn Buccleuch's retiring clan, Till gallant Cessford's heart-blood dear Reeked on dark Elliot's Border spear.
XXXI.
In bitter mood he spurred fast.
And soon the hated heath was past;
• Barded, or barbed, applied to a horse accoatered with armour.
+ Halidon, near Melrose, was an ancient seat of the Kerrs of Cessford, no\r demolished. About a quarter of a mile to the northward lay the field of battle betwixt Bucrleuch and Angus, (1526) which u called to this day the Skirmish field.
18 LAY OF THE [CANTO 1.
And far beneath, in lustre wan,
Old Melros' rose, and fair Tweed ran :*
Like some tall rock, with lichens gray,
Seemed, dimly huge, the dark Abhaye.
When Hawick he passed, had curfew ning,
Now midnight lauds+ were in Melrose sung.
The sound upon the fitful gale.
In solemn wise did rise and fail,
Like that wild harp, whose magic tone
Is wakened by the winds alone.
But when Melrose he reached, 'twas silence all;
He meetly stabled his steed in stall,
And sought the convent's lonely wall.
Here paused the harp ; and Avith its swell The Master's fire and courage fell : Dejectedly, and low, he bowed, And, gazing timid on the crowd, He seemed to seek, in every eye, If they approved his minstrelsy.
And, "dilHdent of present praise.
Somewhat he spoke of former days.
And how old age, and wandering long, Had done his hand and harp some wrong.
The Duchess, and her daughters fair, And every gentle ladye there, Each after each, in due degree, Gave praises to his melody; His hand was true, his voice was clear, And much they longed the rest to hear. Encouraged thus, the Aged Man, After meet rest, again began.
* The monastery of Mplrose, fonndod by Kingf Davi.l I., is tht finest specimen of Gothic architecture, and Gothic sculpture, which Scotland can boast. The stone of which it is built, retains perfect sharpjiess, mi that evtn the most minute ornaments seem as entire as when newly \vToueht, In simie of tlie cloisters, there are lupresentations of flowers, vet^etables, fee., carved in stone, with accuracy and precision so delicate, tliat we almost distrust our senses, when we consider the difficiilty of subjecting so hard a substance to such intricate and exquisite modulation.
t Xjauds, the midnight service of the Catliolic church.
If QiuriTv-oiiLA's-t -vie-w fain Melrose ccd^t. Go Axsititiy tlxe pale inooasji^t; I'oT the ^a}- beams oi lloktsoitie daj; Gild, 'iiwl to jEtoiit. flie raiia^ ^7&V
CANIUll.T LAST MINSTREL. ,19
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