Fighting by southern federals, in which the author places the numerical strength of the armies that fought for the Confederacy at approximately 1,000,000 men, and shows that 296,579 white soldiers living in the South, and 137,676 colored soldiers, and approximately 200,000 men living in the North that were born in the South, making 634,255 southern soldiers, fought for the preservation of the Union

Front matter

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W

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Chapter II

Bull Run — Wilson's Creek — Hatteras Inlet — Belmont — Port Royal — Mill Springs — Fort Henry — Roanoke Island — Fort Donelson — Pea Ridge — First Iron-Clad Battle — New Madrid — New Bern — Kernstown .... 41

Chapter III

Shiloh — Fort Pulaski — Advance upon Corinth — Forts Jackson and St. Philip — Capture of New Orleans — Williamsburg — Craighead's Bend — Winchester — Fair Oaks — Memphis — Cross Keys — Port Republic — Seven Days' Battles

— Baton Rouge 71

Chapter IV

Second Bull Run — Richmond, Ky. — Chantilly — South Mountain — Harper's Ferry — Sharpsburg — Corinth — Hatchie Bridge — Perryville

— Prairie Grove — Fredericksburg — Chickasaw Bluffs — Murf reesboro — Arkansas Post

— Charleston — Port Gibson 100

Chapter V

Chancellorsville — Champion's Hill — Big Black River — Vicksburg — Hoover's Gap — Donaldsonville — Gettysburg — Helena — Charleston . 131

8 CONTENTS

Chapter VI

Chickamauga — Chattanooga — Mine Run — Tunnel Hill — Red River Campaign — Wilderness . 159

Chapter VII

Rocky Face Ridge — Spotsylvania — Resaca — North Anna — Dallas — Cold Harbor — Piedmont — Petersburg — Lynchburg — Kenesaw Mountain — Deep Bottom — Monocacy — Peach Tree Creek — Atlanta — Ezra Church . . .190

Chapter VIII

Mobile Bay — Weldon Railroad — Jonesboro — Opequon — Fisher's Hill — Chaffin's Farm — Cedar Creek — Marais des Cygnes — Hatcher's Run — Spring Hill — Franklin — Nashville. . . 219

Chapter IX

Fort Fisher — Dabney's Mills — Bull's Bay Expedition — Averysboro — Bentonville — Fort Stedman — Five Forks — Petersburg — Selma — Sailor's Creek — Farmville — Mobile — Appomattox — Capitulations of the Confederate Armies and Fleets 248

Alphabetical List of Southern Officers Commanding Brigades, or Above ; Commanding a Vessel, or More, with Their Rank and Record, Showing Where They Fought; and Some Other Southerners Who Notably Aided the Federal Cause.

The Rank Given is the Highest Held in Battle. Many Officers Received Promotion to Date from March 13th, 1865, and Other Dates, Who Appear Not to Have Been Engaged in Battle Thereafter, to Command Commensurately . . 275

Chapter I

General View — Early Moves — Fort Sumter — Rang^ ing the Combatants — Gaining Adherents — Baltimore — Camp Jackson — Western Virginia Campaign.

The people of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri who were not disposed to fight as Confederates were numerous enough to prevent their States from being used as supports of the Confederacy. These southern States did not need northern armies to overwhelm such Confederates as were their own citizens. As to them, the event did not assume the shape of an offensive movement of northern armies against the majority in opposition. The Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri antagonists of the Confederates did the great part of the frustrating of their Confederate citizens who struggled within these respective States, and in each helped fight those Confederates who entered the State from other southern States, and, furthermore, participated outside of their State in the contest against the Confederates. To southern men recognition should be given that Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri were kept from the Confederates, and that northern armies were not worn battling to reclaim them. A great difference there would have been in the relative strength of the two combatants had the power of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri been thrown to the Confederate side, and had northern armies met at their northern boundaries Confederate armies intent on disputing every inch of the way, aided by all the governmental power that the State administrations could exert.

The Federal forces which essayed to occupy that part of Virginia which was formed later into the State of West Virginia were composed partly of soldiers from that region and Kentucky, and were not resisted by the western Virginia citizens generally. Virginians along the Ohio River did not rise to arms, a united people, to resist the Federal advance, and this left the way clear.

A large part of the population of east Tennessee was against the Confederates. While the Confederates were in the majority, taking the State as a whole, they lost control early of much of the resourceful area elsewhere in the State, and were unable to draw strongly upon the lost area for troops.

In the mountains of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama also were many men who did not side with the Confederates. In fact, the entire mountain region was permeated with disaffection to the Confederacy. Had it been a separate State, it would have been a large anti- Confederate State in the heart of the South.

Treating Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and the District of Columbia as southern, but not Delaware, there were 296,579 white soldiers from the South in the armies supporting the United States. Besides these, there were 137,- 676 colored. Adding these, 434,255 is the total from the South. The District of Columbia and Delaware were both slave-holding. It is thought fair to include the District of Columbia, Maryland lying north of it being classed as southern, and offset it by excluding Delaware for the purpose herein. No Delaware officer's record is given in this work. It may be surmised that there were as many as 200,000 men living in the North but born in the South, who fought the Confederates. The Confederates maintained each year around 400,000 soldiers actively engaged. Some of these were not southern men. The war brought altogether about 1,490,000 Federals into active service.

All told, there were more than two million Federal troops, and around one million Confederate troops.

Counting both white and colored, Louisiana furnished 29,276 Federal combatants, while Rhode Island furnished but 23,236 ; Virginia 37,791 and Minnesota 24,020 ; Maryland 46,638 and Vermont 33,288; Tennessee 51,225 and New Hampshire 33,937; Kentucky 75,760 and Connecticut 55,864; Missouri 109,111 and Maine 70,107, Iowa 76,242, New Jersey 76,814, Michigan 87,364 and Wisconsin 91,327. Thus there were more Federal combatants from Louisiana than from Minnesota or Rhode Island; more from Virginia, or Maryland, or Tennessee than from New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or Rhode Island; more from Kentucky than from Maine, or Connecticut, or New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or Rhode Island. Iowa was ahead of Kentucky less than five hundred and New Jersey only about a thousand. There were more from Missouri than from Wisconsin, or Michigan, or New Jersey, or Iowa, or Maine, or Connecticut, or New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or Rhode Island. Over 100,000 of the Missourians were white. The eleven seceded States contained 5,240,250 white people in 1860. The unseceded slave States, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri and West Virginia, contained 3,043,449 white people.

In the following pages, the name of a State given after an officer's name is the State wherein he was born. The main army in the west and the main army in the east were each commanded in battle by a southern man. George H. Thomas, Virginia, commanded the army in the west and John Pope, Kentucky, commanded the army in the east. Thomas commanded the Military Division of the Mississippi, and E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, commanded the Military Division of West Mississippi. These commanded departments, some commanding successively different departments : Robert Anderson, Kentucky, Department of Kentucky, of Tennessee and of Ohio. J. M, Brannan,

District of Columbia, commanded the Department of the South. E. R. S. Canby, Department of New Mexico. S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, Department of West Virginia. J. C. Fremont, South Carolina, Western Department, Mountain Department. Wra. S. Harney, Tennessee, Department of the West, David Hunter, District of Columbia, Department of the West, of Kansas, and of the South. S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, Department of the Gulf. O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, and of the South. E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, Middle Department, Department of Virginia, and Department of Virginia and North Carolina. J. McA. Palmer, Kentucky, Department of Kentucky. John Pope, Department of the Northwest. J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, Department of Arkansas. George H. Thomas, Department of the Cumberland.

Important armies other than the main army in the east and in the west were commanded by Thomas, Pope, Canby, Ord, Fremont, John A. McClernand, Kentucky, W. H. Emory, Maryland, Hunter, Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, and J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky.

Usually a corps was not greatly under and not greatly over twenty thousand men — not far differing from the number generally under the command of Jackson, Longstreet, Polk, or Hardee of the Confederate armies. Twenty southern men commanded infantry corps, some commanding first one corps and then another. D. B. Birney, Alabama, commanded the 10th, 3d and 2d; Francis P. Blair, Kentucky, 15th and 17th; Samuel P. Carter, Tennessee, 23d; Thos. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, 21st, 2d in the west; Emory, 19th; J. C. Fremont, 1st in the west; Wm. H. French, Maryland, 3d; G. W. Getty, District of Columbia, 6th ; Wm. Hays, Virginia, 2d ; Hurlbut, 16th; R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, 14th; McClernand, 13th; Mitchel, 10th; John Newton, Virginia, 1st; Ord, 13th, 8th, 18th and 24th; Palmer, 14th; J. L. Reno, Virginia, 9th ; Reynolds, 19th; Thomas, 14th; T. J. Wood,

Kentucky, 4th. Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, commanded the cavalry corps of the main army in the east. Johnson was chief of cavalry, Military Division of Mississippi, and Davidson, Virginia, of West of the Mississippi.

Important expeditions or raids were under the command of Blair, Carter, Mitchel, Reynolds and Lovell H. Rousseau, Kentucky.

There were many southern generals of division.

There were 160 southern Federals who commanded brigades in battle, fighting with distinction, or are among the above, whose achievements are mentioned in the following pages. There were a number more who received promotion to date from the closing months of the War, but have not been found to have fought in battle in their higher rank, and the attempt has been made to limit the record to service rank. About one-half of the southern graduates of West Point, numbering 162, took the Federal side. The total number of Confederate generals was 425. The Federal generals totaled 680: thus about one-fourth of the Federal generals were born in the South. There were a great many southern colonels, and a great many southern officers of other inferior ranks, but their names and services are not mentioned herein. There were 4,000 commissioned officers from Kentucky in the Federal service.

The Confederates started practically without a navy, and few naval officers could hope to get into action early on that side. Naval officers were used to the dealings of the United States with foreign powers, as to which the scheme of government made the United States one, and their voyages around the world tended to give them more than a local affection. Three hundred and twenty-one southerners left the United States navy ; three hundred and fifty remained. Eighty naval commanders of southern birth who were actively engaged on the Federal side with distinction are herein chronicled. The officer who attained the highest rank in the navy — vice-admiral — was a southerner, Farragut, Tennessee. He commanded the

West Gulf Blockading Squadron, and on the Mississippi River and its tributaries up to Vicksburg. Bell, North Carolina, also commanded the West Gulf Blockading Squadron. Goldsborough and S. P. Lee, Virginia, commanded the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and Lee the Mississippi Squadron. C. K. Stribling, South Carolina, commanded the East Gulf Blockading Squadron.

The selection of the birthplace in fixing the status of an officer as southern will be understood. It is practicable to find the record of the birthplaces of the various officers, whereas difficulties would be met with in searching to discover in what State each officer was living at the time the War began, or where each had spent most of his life, or the latitude of the birthplace irrespective of State lines, or the nativity of his parents. Some of the officers mentioned were southern by birth only, but many officers not mentioned were born south of the central latitude in States classed as northern, or were living in the South when the War began, or had lived there principally since their majority, or had a southern parent or parents, and it is submitted that the birthplace is not an unfair gauge. Even Grant, Sherman, Rosecrans and Burnside were identified or connected with the South in some of these other ways. The names of northern Federals are excluded to the end of this work. Thereby the reader is sure that every name he sees is that of a southern man. While everything to the credit of northern officers is excluded, anything to the discredit of any one of them is avoided.

The southern men were not massed under southern commanders in separate armies. Southern officers planned and directed the movements of northern soldiers, and northern officers used southern troops. So it was in the navy. There were southern companies and regiments, and brigades composed almost wholly of southern men.

When the War started the United States had available a steam-fleet of thirty-four vessels. Nearly sixty iron-clads were built by the United States during the War, all except three of the monitor type. Over one hundred vessels were used on the Mississippi River and its tributaries by the United States. The navy placed or supported the armies far down in the South, along the Coast or in the interior water-ways, saving the armies from having to guard lines of communication thence to the North. Most of the important victories were won by army and navy together or navy alone, and many times the armies were delivered by reaching or obtaining the protection of the navy.

In Missouri, Francis P. Blair, Kentucky, began the formation of military companies in January, 1861, to use them against secessionists. The name given them was " Home Guards." Secessionists were organized as minute men. United States troops had been sent into St. Louis to protect the Assistant Treasury and other United States property on the day these two organizations began, January 11th, 1861. There were in St. Louis semi-military organizations called " Wide- Awakes," composed almost exclusively of anti-slavery German blood. Blair converted these into Home Guards. To confront them, a brigade of Missouri state troops was in existence, about 580 men. A Union Safety Committee was formed in St. Louis.

In the southern part of St. Louis, on the shore of the Mississippi River, was the United States arsenal, containing about 60,000 stand of arms and a large supply of munitions of war. The possession of these arms was of large consequence. Blair saw Abraham Lincoln before Lincoln left Springfield to be inaugurated, and arranged for securing the arsenal. With Blair in close touch with the arsenal, Home Guards were organized, drilled and disciplined by United States officers. Winfield Scott, Virginia, was Commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States. Scott sent troops to the St. Louis arsenal February 16th, 1861, from the Jefferson Barracks in St. Louis. To the courage, moderation and tact of Blair it was largely due that not one member of the Missouri Convention elected February 18th, 1861, would say he was in favor of the secession of Missouri. W. S. Harney, Tennessee, was Commander of the Department of the West, with headquarters at St. Louis.

Prior to Lincoln's inauguration Scott caused to be organized the most reliable of the Washington volunteers, and called from a distance two batteries of horse artillery, with small detachments of cavalry and infantry — all regulars. Joseph Holt, Kentucky, was Secretary of War during the months immediately preceding Lincoln's administration.

March 4th, 1861, Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky, by virtue of his inauguration as President, became Commander-inchief of the army and navy of the United States. Some military direction he exercised throughout the War. Eight out of fifteen slave-holding States did not choose to secede rather than face the consequences of having the Federal Government exercise its jurisdiction within them in a Lincoln republican administration, pending some action thereof which might decide them otherwise. March 18th, 1861, Thomas H. Hicks, Maryland, Governor of Maryland, applied to Scott for arms and soldiers, if these should become necessary to put down belligerent Marylanders.

The last of March a revolution set in against F. P. Blair and his followers in St. Louis.

Thornton A. Jenkins, Virginia, naval officer, with military aid prevented the forts at Key West and Dry Tortugas, Fla., from falling into the hands of an expedition sent from New Orleans before the War was begun. He performed secret service at the request of President Lincoln. Wm. H. French, Maryland, was in command at Key West from March 27th to November.

Florida failed to take possession of Fort Pickens, on an island commanding the entrance of Pensacola harbor, and South Carolina failed to take possession of Fort Sumter, on a shoal within the entrance of Charleston harbor. The

United States Government, before the War began, occupied both forts, and thereby had part possession of each harbor. Henry Walke, Virginia, naval officer, commanded the Supply, and assisted in moving the garrison which took possession of Fort Pickens. This was a first step toward gaining possession of Florida.

The occupation of Fort Sumter was the occasion for the sequence that the Confederates were caused to fire the first shot of the War, which fact, in turn, was used to consolidate the people of the United States in support of the administration for the prosecution of the War.

Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, Chief Engineer, planned, proposed, organized and conducted an expedition for throwing in reinforcements and mounting heavy guns at Fort Pickens. The Powhatan, W. W. Queen, District of Columbia, left New York for Fort Pickens April 6th, 1861, with the steamer Atlantic just ahead, carrying respectively the artillery and troops. The Atlantic was chartered by Meigs.

Robert Anderson, Kentucky, had removed his garrison of 64 men from Fort Moultrie on the mainland of Charleston harbor to Fort Sumter, December 26th, 1860. Montgomery Blair, Kentucky, Postmaster-General, interested President Lincoln in the idea of provisioning and reenforcing Fort Sumter. The two southern members of the Cabinet, he and Edward Bates, Virginia, Attorney-General, were the ones who voted in favor of its reinforcement. Lincoln adopted the plan. The squadron of four vessels, with two tugs, left New York and Fortress Monroe from April 8th to 10th. Anderson was in command of Fort Sumter. Confederate scouts discovered the Pawnee and Harriet Lane outside Charleston Bar the evening of April 11th. The Baltic also arrived with 200 recruits. Anderson had informed the United States Government at Washington that his supplies would last till April 15th.

Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, S. C, April 12th and 13th, 1861. Two of the United States vessels had cannon. The fourth arrived the afternoon of the 13th. Anderson withstood bombardment until about 3 p. m. of the 13th. Officers' quarters and barracks were set on fire the second day, and there was danger that the magazine would explode. He obtained terms permitting his men to march out on the 14th. They embarked, the Baltic taking him and his men away.

Fort Pickens, April 12th. A company of 75 artillerymen were landed by the Brooklyn, of the naval force already before Pensacola. W. P. McCann, Kentucky, reenforced Fort Pickens, April 14th-15th, 1861.

The United States regular army was very small, 16,000 men. There were United States arsenals containing thousands of guns and a good supply of ammunition in the most northerly of the southern States. It was of critical moment which side should seize them. The Federals had slight means to resist their seizure until armies could be created in the North and marched down, unless Federals should spring up in those southern States and contend for these munitions of war. The regulars were principally in the west, guarding the frontier against the Indians.

April 15th, 1861, President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers, calling upon the governor of each State designated for a certain number of men. The governors were, ex officio, commanders-in-chief of the army and navy of their respective States.

Richard Yates, Kentucky, was governor of Illinois until 1865. He endorsed the call for troops, convened the Legislature in extra session immediately, and moved troops to the southern part of the State. The people of southern Illinois declared they would never suffer a northern army to pass the southern boundary of Illinois for the purpose of invading a southern State. Yates was active in raising volunteers. The aggregate from Illinois for the War was 259,147. Yates was relied on by President Lincoln. General Richard Oglesby, Kentucky, incapacitated by a wound, was governor of Illinois in 1865.

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Maryland, was governor of Iowa to 1864. He sent about fifty regiments to the War, most of them for three years. The result was that Iowa was one of the few States in which there was no draft.

Alvin Saunders, Kentucky, was governor of Nebraska Territory from 1861 to the end of the War. He raised 3,000 Federal troops.

Frederick P. Stanton, Virginia, was governor of Kansas Territory from the beginning of the War to June, 1861. He acted with wisdom and judgment.

Abraham Rencher, North Carolina, was governor of New Mexico Territory. Some Federal troops were raised in New Mexico. Rencher held the Territory against the Confederates.

Henry S. Lane, Kentucky, carried Indiana for the Republican ticket in 1860, and became governor of the State on January 11th, 1861, but served only four days. By an arrangement he became United States senator and the power of the State was thrown in favor of the Lincoln administration.

Thos. H. Hicks, Maryland, was governor of Maryland to 1862. He had the Legislature meet in special session in the western part of the State, where the Federal sentiment was strong, on April 24th. Augustus W. Bradford, Maryland, succeeded him, continuing until 1865. He was a strong Federal. Upon Lee's entrance in 1862, he succeeded in bringing out Maryland volunteers. Upon Lee's entrance again in 1863, his call drew forth a number of troops for defense. Thos. Swann, Virginia, was governor of Maryland from January, 1865. He supported the Federal administration.

The governors then in office in Kentucky and Missouri were against an armed conflict with the Confederate States, and rejected the call for volunteers. Jas. F. Robinson, Kentuck}', assumed the duties of governor of Kentucky in 1862, continuing till the fall of 1863. His conduct of affairs was in accord with the Federal administration.

Thos. E. Bramlette, Kentucky, was governor from then till the close of the War. He had been a Federal army officer.

Hamilton R. Gamble, Virginia, was governor of Missouri, 1861—1864. He was one of the recognized leaders of the Federal movement in Missouri. When the State Convention declared the office of governor vacant, he was chosen provisional governor. He was confronted by grave problems. He was a good counselor of the administration at Washington. Federal General Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, was governor of Missouri in 1865.

Francis H. Pierpont, Virginia, was governor of Federal Virginia from 1861 throughout the War. He was a pronounced anti-slavery man and worked zealously for the Federals.

Andrew Johnson, North Carolina, became military governor of Tennessee in 1862. He raised 25 regiments for service in Tennessee.

Andrew J. Hamilton, Alabama, was military governor of Texas.

In the early stages there was a struggle of mind against mind in Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, and to some extent in other southern States, between those for and against secession to throw the power of the State and range the majority of the people on the one side or the other. The anti-secessionists in all three States temporized, played for delay and urged a waiting policy.

In Maryland the secessionists did not form a military force and battle with arms for the possession of the State Government. The anti-secessionists were not placed under the necessity of literally fighting for the State, and no secession army sprung up in Maryland to necessitate the employment of any army from the North to defeat it. This effort and expense were saved. The Maryland Federals went forth and joined the other Federal troops in the North or in the District of Columbia, and the Confederates went South and joined the Confederate armies instead of fighting in their own State.

In Kentucky the State Government early requested that the armies of both sides should not enter the State, and the secessionists did not rise in arms and force those opposed to them to battle against them. Loosely organized companies of militia called Home Guards were created, hostile to the secessionists, in Louisville and other places when war impended. Many of these afterward became soldiers of the regular Federal armies, and others remaining in the State did important service. Militia were raised by the secessionists and named State Guards, but the drift of them was into the Confederate armies outside the State. So there was not civil war in Kentucky between the Home Guards and State Guards. Occasional minor clashes occurred directly between them.

In Missouri existing bodies of " Wide- A wakes " were converted into " Home Guards " and other Home Guards were organized. The Governor, C. F. Jackson, sympathizing with the Confederates, started collecting and organizing State troops to restrain Missourians from joining the Federals, and to dissuade the Federal Government from camping Federals troops within the State, but an early reverse disarmed the Governor's chief force, and the Federals were able to gain the upper hand before the Governor could obtain arms and collect a sufficient force to defeat them. The Governor was deposed, and the power of the State Government was thereafter exerted throughout the War against the Confederates. Thus the secessionists were never possessed of the military power of the State from the beginning. So the Federals were never at the disadvantage of struggling to wrest it from them. The disadvantage was on the side of the Confederates, and they tried unsuccessfully through the War to take the authority from the Federals, Confederate armies from elsewhere aiding the Missouri secessionists to make incursions into the State, and being resisted largely by Missouri Federals. Missouri Federals also did much fighting in other States. In the convention campaign F. P. Blair was the leader of the unconditional union party. He drew many men opposed to secession from the older parties by using this party name.

In western Virginia the anti-secessionists were strong enough to make of that section the new State of West Virginia. Western Virginia citizens, in communication with the people beyond their western border, determined to resist eastern Virginia with their help, and together they expelled the Confederates.

In Tennessee there was a strong Federal party at the outbreak of the War. When Gov. Harris was driven from Nashville in February, 1862, Andrew Johnson was appointed military governor, and considerable of the power of the State was wielded in the Federal behalf.

Arkansas was fairly divided between those in favor of and those opposed to secession in the early part of 1861. An ordinance of secession was passed May 6th, 1861. In October and November, 1863, delegates met at Fort Smith, Ark., to take steps to reorganize the State Government, and in January, 1864, a convention met at Little Rock and framed a constitution which was accepted by the people. In April, 1864, a Federal State Government was organized.

J. A. McClernand, Kentucky, recruited a brigade. Jas. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, raised two Kentucky regiments. Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky, organized a cavalry regiment. Lovell H. Rousseau, Kentucky, raised two regiments. E. H. Hobson, Kentucky, organized a regiment. W. E. Woodruff, Kentucky, helped establish " Camp Clay," and raise two regiments. Camp Clay was just above Cincinnati. Robert Anderson, Kentucky, opened a recruiting office there for volunteers from Kentucky and western Virginia. Two Kentucky regiments organized at Camp Clay were in western Virginia in July, 1861, and fought in the western Virginia campaign. Louisville and immediate

FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 2;J

vicinity furnished the principal part of seven Federal regiments. The Federal armies took possession of Kentucky, and by 1862 the Confederate forces had evacuated the State. Including the Home Guards and those who enlisted but were never mustered in, Kentucky furnished more than 90,000 Federal troops, over 75,000 of them white, including active Home Guards who did not serve outside the State. Two Kentucky regiments were engaged at Mill Springs ; fourteen at Shiloh ; eight at Perryville ; thirteen at Murfreesboro; nine in the east Tennessee expedition of 1863; fifteen at Chickamauga ; eleven at Missionary Ridge, and more than thirty in the Atlanta campaign.

Jas. Cooper, Maryland, took command of Maryland volunteers and organized them into regiments. He was in command of Camp Chase. George Vickers, Maryland, became Major General of State Militia. A. W. Denison, Maryland, recruited a regiment.

S. H. Boyd, Tennessee, raised a Missouri regiment. Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, recruited a Missouri regiment and organized two more Missouri regiments. There were thirty-seven Missouri regiments in the Federal armies.

In Indiana Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky, organized, equipped, mustered into service and sent into the field 40,000 volunteers from April to October, 1861. T. A. Morris, Kentucky, was appointed Quartermaster General of Indiana and had charge of the equipment of Indiana's first regiments. As General, he commanded the first brigade of troops who went from that State. W. P. Benton, Maryland, organized the first company offered by Indiana. J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was in command of Camp Morton, Indianapolis, April to May, 1861.

J. McA. Palmer, Kentucky, organized a regiment in Illinois.

Wm. Vandever, Maryland, organized a regiment in Iowa and led it to the field.

Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was engaged in organizing volunteers at Wilmington, Del., in April, 1861.

M FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS

Augustus J. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, Brigadier General Pennsylvania militia, organized and commanded a Home Guard of 10,000 men for the defense of Philadelphia.