The horse, in the stable and the field

Front matter

i LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, l

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Chapter I. Early History Op The Horse

PAGE

The Horse of Scripture— The Greek Horse— That of the Romans — The Arab of Antiquity — E^^yptian, Libyan, Numidian, and Moorish Horses — The Original British Horse — Ancient Methods of Using the Horse 1

CHAPTER 11.

NATURAL HISTORY AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS.

Synonyms and Classification in the Scale of Creation— Habits — External Form, as indicated by Points— Proportions— Period of Matiu-ity— Average Age— Periodical Moulting— Mental Development — Small Stomach . . \ 5

Chapter III. The Horses Of The East

The Barb — the Egyptian Horse — The Horses of Dongola and Abyssinia — Other African Horses — The Modern Arab — The Persian Horse — The Turkish Horse — Other Asiatic Horses— The Austrahan Horse 15

Chapter IV. The Horses Of The Western Hemisphere

The South American Horse— The Mustang— The Indian Pony— The Canadian Horse— The Morgan Horse — The Amercian Trotter — The Nairaganset Pacer — The American Thoioughbred— The Vermont Cart-horse — The Conestoga Draught-horse 27

Chapter V. European Continental Horses

Spanish and Portuguese Horses— The Italian Horse — The German Horse— The French Horse— The Flemish Horse— The Hanoverian Horse— The Russian Horse— The Norwegian and Swedish Horses 44 vi CONTENTS.

Chapter VI. The English Thoroughbred Horse

PAGE

General History— The English Thoroughbred Horse of 1750— His Origin— The Modern Thoroughbred— Increase of Size and Symmetry— Comparative Stoutness— Early Maturity-Object of Encouraging the Breed— Essentials in the Thoroughbred— Purity of Blood— External Formation— Height- Colour— Coat, Mane, and Tail— The Thoroughbred Hunter and Steeplechaser 53

Chapter VII. Half-breds, Cobs, And Ponies

The Half-bred Hunter — The Irish Hunter— The Charger— The Covert, Road, and Park Hack— The Ladies' Horse — Cobs, Galloways, and Ponies— The Carriage, Brougham, or Cabriolet Horse — The Heavy Machiner — The Phaeton Horse — The Gigster, or Fast Trotter 95

Chapter VIII. Agricultural And Dray Horses

The Old English Black Cart-horse— The Suffolk Cart-horse— The improved Lincolnsliire Dray-horse— The Clydesdale Horse — Other mixed Breeds . . 112

^ CHAPTER IX.

ON THE LOCOMOTIVE ACTION IN THE VARIOUS PACES.

Natural and Acquired Paces — Distribution of Weight — Attitude assumed in Standing — Mode of Progression — Tlie Walk — Trot — Canter— Hand-gallop — Extended Gallop— The Amble — Racking, Pacing, and Running— The Paces of the Manege — Leaping 119

Chapter X. The Principles Op Breeding Applicable To The Horse

Theory of Generation — In-and-in Breeduig— Crossing : Advantages and Disadvantages attending on each Plan — Causes of a " Hit" — Importance of Health or Soundness in both Sire and Dam — Best Age to Breed from — Time of Year best suited to each Variety of the Horse — Inlluence of Sire and Dam respectively — Choice of Sire and Dam — Selection of Blood in each Class — The kind of Horse most likely to be Profitable to the Breeder— Concluding Remarks on Breeding 137

CHAPTER XL

THE BROOD MARE AND HER FOAL.

The Hovel and Paddock — General Management of the Brood ]\Iare — Treatment when in Foal — After Foaling — Early Management of the Foal — Weaning — Castration . 156

CONTENTS. vii

CHAPTER XII. TnE BREAKING OF THE COLT

PAGB

Mr. Rarey's Principles and Practice— Ordinary Method of Breaking for the Saddle— Superiority of the Latter, when properly carried out—Breaking to Harness— Dr. Bunting's Break 164

Chapter XIII. Stables

Situation and Aspect— Foundations— Superficial Area and Height required — Stalls versus Loose Boxes— Hay Chamber and Granary — Best Materials for Walls, Floors, Doors, and Windows — Drainage and Water Supply- Ventilation and Lighting— Fittings— Harness Room-Coach- house— Servants' Rooms — Plans of Stables— Necessity for ailing New Stables . . . 186

Chapter XIV. Stable Management

The Coachman, Groom, and Helper— Stable Implements, Clothing, &c. — Food and Water — Theoiy and Practice of Feeding — Bedding— Dressing or Groomuig — Clipping, Singeing, and Trimming — Use and Application of Bandages — Management of the Feet — Exercise 214

Chapter XV. Stable Management, Continued

Recapitulation of Daily Duties — Proper Temperature — Remedies for Stable Vices and Bad Habits — Preparation for Work — Ordinary Svv-eating — The Turkish Bath — Ph3^sic — Final Preparation — Treatment after Work — Summering—A Winter's Run — The Straw-yard — Care of Saddleiy and Harness 256

CHAPTER XVL

RIDING AND DRIVING.

Saddles— Bridles— Mounting and Dismounting — The Seat — Management of the Reins— Use of Spurs— Modes of Starting the Horse into his various Paces— Riding to Hounds — Out-door Vices and Bad Habits— Harness — Driving a Single Horse— A Pan-- Four-in-Hand 282

Chapter XVII. Classification Op The Various Organs, And Physiology Of Ths Skeleton

Classification of the various Organs — Structure of Bone— Of the Skeleton in General — The Artificial Skeleton — Number of Bones composing the Skeleton — General Anatomy of the Spinal Column — Of the Head and Face — Of the Hyoid Arch — Of the Thoracic Arch and Anterior Extremities — Of the Pelvic Arch and Hind Extremities — Of the Tail — Of the Fore and Hind Extremities considered as Organs of Locomotion 305 viii CONTE:tiTS.

Chapter XVIII. Descriptive Anatomy Of The Several Bones

The Head — Bones of the Cranium — Of the Face — The Lower Jaw — The Teeth — Os Hyoides — Character of Vertebrae in General — General Character of the Cervical Vertebrae — Peculiarities of certain Cervical Vertebrae — General Character of the Dorsal Vertebrae — Peculiarities of certain Dorsal Vertebrae — General Character of the Lumbar Vertebrae — Peculiarities of certain Lumbar Vertebrae — Os Sacrum — The Coccygeal Vertebrae — The Ribs and their Cartilages — The Sternum— The Scapula— Humerus — Porearm — Carpus and Metacarpus — The Phalangeal Bones — The Pelvis — Femur and Patella — Bones of the Leg — jMstatarsal and Posterior Phalangeal Bones 314

Chapter XIX. Of The Joints, And The Tissues Entering Into Their Composition

General Remarks— Cartilage— Fibrous Tissue— Fibro-cartilage— Synovial Membranes— Classification of the Joints — Their Movements — Articulations of the Vertebral Column— Ligamentum Colli, or Great Cervical Ligament, and other Peculiarities of the Vertebras of the Neck — Movements of the Vertebrae in General, and of certain of their Joints in particular — Tlioracic Articulation — Temporo-maxillary Articulation — Peculiarities in the Articulations of the Lumbar Vertebrae — Lumbo-sacral Articulation — Coccygeal Joints — Sacro-iliac Articulations — Ischio-pubic Symphysis — The Shoulder Joint — Elbow Joint — Knee Joint — Intermetacarpal Articulation — Fetlock Joint — Pastern Joint — Coffin Joint — Hip Joint— Stifle Joint— Tibio-fibular Articulation — Hock Joint and Articulation between the Bones of the Tarsus — Tarso-metatarsal Articulation — Tcimina Articulation of the Posterior Limbs 3-19

Chapter XX. The Muscular System

Physiology of Muscle — Cutaneous Muscles — Muscles of the Head — Anterior Maxillary Region — Muscles whose office it is to move the Lower Jaw — Muscles of the External Ear — of the Eyelids — Ocular Region — Muscles of the Tongue — of the Pharynx— Laryngeal Region — Superficial Muscles of the Neck and Trunk — Lateral Cervical Region — Inferior Cervical Region — Inferior Cervico-occipital Region — Superior Cervico-occipital Region — Muscles connecting the Scapula with the Head, Neck, and Trunk— of the Thorax — Dorsal Region— Muscles of tlie Abdomen — Superficial Abdominal Region — Deep Abdominal Region — Pelvic Region— jMuscles of the Fore Extremity — External Scapidar Region— Antero-inferior Scapular Region — Internal Scapular Region — Postero-internal Scapular Region — Postero-external Scapular Region — Antero-external Humeral Region — Postero-internal Humeral Region— Muscles of the Arm and Fore-leg — Muscles of the Haunch— Gluteal Region — External liio-femoral Region— Anterior Ilio-femoral Region —Internal Ilio-femoral Region— Deep Muscles of the Ilio-femoral Region — Anterior Femoro-crural Region — Posterior FemorociTiral Region 383

CHAPTER XXL

THE TUORACIO ORGANS AND THEIR APPENDAGES.

Contents of the Thorax — The Blood — General Plan of the Circulation — The Heart and Ai'teries — The Veins — Piiysiology of Respiration —Mechanism of tlie Pulmonary Apparatus — The Nasal Orifices and Cavities — The Larynx —The Trachea and Bi'uuclii — The Lungs— Pulmonary Glands 407

CONTENTS. ix

Chapter XXII. The Abdominal And Pelvic Viscera

PACK

The Abdomen and its Contents — Physiology of Digestion — Absorption — Structure of Glands and Pliysiology of Secretion — Depuration, and its Office in the Animal Economy — Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, and Stomach — The Intestines — Liver — Spleen— Pancreas — Kidneys— Pelvis— Bladder — Organs of Generation, Male and Female . . 424

Chapter XXIII. The Nervous System

Physiology of the Nervous System — Chief Divisions of the Nervous System — The Spinal Cord — Medulla Oblongata— The Encephalon— The Sympar thetic System 438

Chapter XXIV. Special Organs

The Organ of Smell -The Eye— The Ear— The Organ of Touch— The Foot . 444 CHAPTER XXV.

THE DISEASES AND INJURIES OF BONE.

General Remarks — Splints — Ringbone and Sidebone— Ossification of the Lateral Cartilages— Bone Spavin — Exostosis of the Humerus and Scapula — Fistula of the Withers — Poll Evil — Caries of the Jaw — Osteo Sarcoma —Fractures 453

CHAPTER XXVL

INJURY AND DISEASES OF THE JOINTS, MUSCLES, AND TENDONS.

Diseases of Muscle, Tendon, and Ligament — of Cartilage and Synovial Membrane— Inflamed Tendinous Sheaths — Inflamed Bursas Mucosre — Strains — those of the Back and Loins — of the Shoulder — of the Knee — of the Fetlock — of the Coffin Joint— of the Suspensory Ligaments— of the Backsinews — Breaking Down — Strains of the Hip Joint, Stifle, and Hock — Curb — Dislocation — Wounds of Joints 467

CHAPTER XXVIL

DISEASES OP THE THOBACIO ORGANS AND THEIR APPENDAGES.

General Remarks — CataiTh — Influenza — Bronchitis — Chronic Cough — Laryngitis — Roaring, Whistling, &c. — Pneumonia and Congestion — Pleurisy — Pleurodynia— Phthisis — Broken Wind — Thick Wind— Spasm of the Diaphi-agm— Diseases of the Heart — of the Blood-vessels in the Chest and Nose 479

CHAPTER XXVIII.

DISEASES OP THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA AND THEIR APPENDAGES.

General Remarks — Diseases of the Mouth and Throat — Gastritis — Stomach Staggers— Dyspepsia — Bots — Inflammation of the Bowels — Colic — Diarrhoea and Dysentery — Strangulation and Rupture — Calculi in the Bowels — Worms — Disease of the Liver — of the Kidneys— of the Bladder— of the Organs of Generation 497

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXIX.

DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

PAGE

Phrenitis, or Mad Staggers— Epilepsy and Convulsions — Megrims — Rabies — Tetanus— Apoplexy and Paralysis — String Halt 517

CHAPTER XXX.

DISEASES AND INJURIES OF CERTAIN SPECIAL OROANS.

Diseases of the Ear — Inflammation of the Eye — Cataract— Amaurosis — Buck Eye— Surfeit— Hidebound — Mange— Lice — Mallenders and Sallenders — Warbles, Sitfasts, and Harness Galls — Grabs — Bites and Stings of Insects — Swelled Legs — Chapped Heels — Grease —Warts — Corns — Sandcrack — False Quarter— Quit1 or — Thrash — Canker — Laminitis — Seedy Toe — Contraction of the Foot — Navicular Disease— Accidents to the Legs and Feet 523

CHAPTER XXXL

CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.

Fevers — Anasarca — Glanders— Farcy 550

CHAPTER XXXIL

OPERATIONS.

Shoeing — Administration of Chloroform — Methods of Confining the Horse — Bleeding — Firing — Setons and Rowels — Blistering — Castration — Docking and Nicking — Unnerving— Reduction of Hernia — Administration of Physic — Clysters— Back-raking 553

CHAPTER XXXIII.

THE ACTION OF MEDICINES, AND THE FORMS IN WHICH THEY ARE PRESCRIBED.

Alteratives — Anaesthetics — Anodynes — Antacids —Anthelmintics — Antispasmodics — Aperients — Astringents —Blisters —Caustics — Charges — Clysters — Cordials — Demulcents — Diaphoretics — Digestives — Diuretics — Embrocations — Emulsions — Expectorants — Febrifuges — Lotions — Narcotics— Refrigerants — Sedatives — Stimulants — Stomacmcs — Styptics — Tonics — Vermiftiges, or Worm Medicines 583

CHAPTER XXXIV.

List of Veterinary Drugs, with their Actions and Doses . . . 59fi

Appendix

Ok the Law of Soundness, and on the Purchase and Sale of Horses . 801

THE HOKSE.