Domestic medicine and surgery : with a glossary of the terms used therein

Front matter

22900252359

Med y\l

LONDON, PRKDIiRICK WAKNK ^

Preface

iv

Those who have had to encounter disease without much previous knowledge of its forms and of tlie methods of treating them, must have remarked that there are two great difficulties in the way — 1st, in discovering the nature of the disease in question, and the name by which it is recognized ; and 2nd, in adapting the treatment recommended in books to the nature of each particular case. For this reason, in the present ilfanMof, these two subjects are kept quite distinct, Part I. containing the symptoms and causes of disease. Part II. the various methods adopted in their removal, while Part III. is to be consulted on all occasions, in order to discover the symptoms and treatment of any disease when once its name is known, without which it would be idle to search for them excepting by taking advantage of the following method. Thus, supposing that the person who is making the search is wholly ignorant of the contents of Part I., and yet has to make out the nature of a particular attack of disease, then Part III. will come to his assistance in this way : — Let him take some prominent symptom presented by it, such as painful breathing ; then turning out Breathing, painful, in Part III., he will find that it is a symptom- of inflammation of the substance of the lungs, 76; of pleurisy, 79; of a broken rib, 440 ; or of muscular pain, 81. He will at once know if it is possible the rib can be broken ; and if not, then the disease is either one or other of the three mentioned besides. Turning to pages 76 and 79, the diagnostic symptoms there mentioned will readily indicate to which of those two diseases the case is to be referred, or if to neither, then by the exhaustive process of reasoning, it must be one of muscular pain ; and on examining that aflection at page 81, it is found that all the symptoms there given coincide with it most exactly.

By this process of reasoning, it will generally be practicable for any one of the most ordinary powers of Judgment to come to some conclusion on the subject of diseases which are not very obscure ; and after having, by the aid of Part I., satisfied himself of the accuracy of his diagnosis, he may at once ascertain the proper treatment by turning to the page in Part II. pointed out in the Index, under the head of the treatment of the disease which he has decided it to be. In this part special and particular directions are given. In order to lighten the task of the inexperienced observer who is completely bewildered if he finds that his choice must be made between half a dozen remedies, the directions for using which are so general as only to be useful to the practised physician or surgeon. To avoid this difficulty, nearly 500 separate prescriptions are given at length, some of which, it is true, are repeated more than once with slight variations ; but this has been thought better than leaving it to the judgment or care of the reader to find them out by referring to another page. Mistakes arc so easily made, that no pains should

PREFACK.

V be omitted to avoid them, and certainly a few repetitions are far better than to incur any unnecessary risk.

It is to be hoped that this combination of the advantages of a series of treatises on each disease in the two first parts, with the alphabetical arrangement adopted in the third, will meet all difficulties, and bring the subject within the scope of every one who will take the trouble to read the plain directions which are given throughout. A Dictionary of Medicine is a most useful book of reference to those who already possess the key to its stores, but without it they are with difficulty reached ; and hence, in the present Manual, the attempt has been made to combine the alphabetical arrangement, which is the basis of a dictionary, with that which is usually adopted in elementary works.

Throughout the Manual, every thing is described in language which may be readily understood, with the exception of the signs or abbreviations which are used in the prescriptions throughout the Second Part. This, however, is not without an object, which is to prevent errors in the quantities ; for if common abbreviations are employed, (dr.) standing for drachms may readily be converted into drops or vice versd. To avoid this risk, therefore, the following four signs are introduced, and being similar to those used in ordinary physician’s prescriptions, a comparison with any of them in the possession of the reader may more readily be made. They are fully described at page 221 ; but to prevent mistakes are repeated here, consisting of (0) for pint (octarius), (5) for ounce, C) for drachm, and minim being used at length or with the abbreviation (mtn.) The use of Roman numerals, and of the abbreviation (a) for of each and (c) for cum (with) may also be mentioned here, though described at length in the same page.

The diseases peculiar to the various periods of life and their treatment, with those also of the female sex, are grouped together for the advantage of ready reference,; and an attempt has been made to bring the diseases of the skin within the scope of domestic treatment. This would be a hopeless task without the aid of coloured illustrations, the great expense of which has hitherto prevented their adoption in treatises designed for the million. Modem science, however, triumphs over all difficulties ; and the drawings by Messrs. Wells and Scott, engraved and printed in colours by Mr. Evans, though not perhaps capable of comparison with highly-finished paintings, are wonderful specimens of this new art, and are sufficiently faithful to the originals to enaole the careful observer to distinguish any of the eruptions represented. The remaining engravings are well executed by Mr. Hodgkin ; but most oi them can only claim to be faithful copies of illustrations previously published by the highest authorities in anatomy and surgery.

vi

PKEfACa

In conclasion, it may be observed that the treatment recommended throughout is not restricted within the narrow bounds of any particular school of medicine, but is derived from all sources without bias or prejudice, and tested by an extensive practice of nearly thirty years’ duration, in various parts and among all classes.

jaw.

Preface To The New Edition

Since the first edition of “Domestic Medicine” was nublished only a few novelties have been introduced into the department of the healing art of which it treats. Chief among these is Chloral Hydrate, which is largely used by tho fair sex especially, both as a sedative and stimulant, and to the use and abuse of which special attention is now called. Carbolic Acid and Condy’s Fluid are also worthy of notice as disinfectants ; and in particular, Podophyllin should not be forgotten as an admirable substitute for Mercury in increasing the secretion of bile. An account of most of these new remedies is introduced into the body of the work either briefly or at length, and in the former case a more extended description is added in an Appendix.

In addition to the above, twelve coloured illustrations of poisonous plants met with in this country are introduced at pages 170 et seq. ; and they will, I think, servo the purpose for which they are intended.

Part I.— General Principles Of Maintaining Health. And Removing Disease. Book L

OENEEAL LAWS WHICH REGHLATE HEALTH AND DISEASE.

Chap. I

DEITOinOIf OF HEALTH AND DISEASE. SECT. PAGE.

1. Definition of Health 1

2. Definition of Disease 1

3. Influence ofTemperament on Health

and Disease 2

A Diathesis and Idiosyncracy 3.

5. ScE and Ago 3

6. Climatic and Epidemic Influences... 4

7. National and Individual Habits ... 4

Chap. II. Os The Maintenance Op Health By Means External To The Body

1. Protection from Weather 6

2. Artificial Warmth G

3. Ventilation 7

A Lighting 9

6. Cleanliness 10

.6. Exercise of Body and Mind 11

Chap. III. On The Maintenance Of Health By Internal Means

1. Use and Effects of Food I3

2. Solid Food as taken in a State of

Health 13

3. Liquid Food IS

4. Invalid Diet 17

5. Medicines used us a means of Pro-

moting Health 17

BOOK IL— THE ELEMENT^VRY FORMS OP DISEASE, TllEiU CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS.

Chap. VI

eruptive fevers (exanthemata).

1. Variolous Fevers 31

SUB-SECT. A — SmoU-pox (Variola) ... 31

„ B— Cow-pox (Variola vaccina) S3

2. Chicken-pox (Varicella) 37

3. Measles (Rubeola) 33

4. Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina) ", 33

SUB-SECT. A — Simple Scarlet Fever ... 39

I, B— Scarlatina Anginosa ., 39

„ 0— Malignant Scarlet Fever 89

n. Plague 40

0. Miliary Fever 40

CHAP. VIL

theory of congestion and INFLAM- MATION. ,

1. Definition of Congestion and In- 1

flaminatlon 4;

Contents

viii

2. Effects of Inflammation 42

3. Seats of Inflammation and Conges-

tion 43

4. Degrees of Activity in Inflammation, 44

5. Sympathetic Fever accompanying

Inflammation 44

Chap. VIII

THE STHtJCrmiB OP THE MUCOUS MEMBBAKE Ann SKIK IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.

U General View of tho Skin and Mucous Membrane 45

2. Effects of Inflammation ami Congestion on the Mucous Membrane and Skin 48

CHAP. rs.

INFLAMMATION AND CONGESTION OF MUCOUS SUEPACES.

1. Catarrh and Influenza 47

2. Laryngeal and Bronchial Inflamma-

tions 43

3. Inflammation of the Mucous Mem-

brane of the Stomach and Bowels, 52

4. Inflammation of tlie Mucous Mem-

branes lining the Organa within the Pelvis 56

6. InflammationoftheDuctsofGlands, 57

Chap. X. Inflammation And Congestion Of The Skin

1. Nosological Anrangement of Skin

Diseases 57

2. Bashes 58

8. Vesicular Diseases 61

4. Blebs 66

5. Pustular Eniptions 66

6. Papular Eruptions 70

7. Scaly Eruptions 71

8. Tubercular Eruptions 71

9. Spots or Marks 72

10. Diseased Growths fl'om the Skin ... 72 IL Disease of the Appendages to tlie

Skin 73

Chap. XI. Congestion And Inflaidlatton Op The Oellulab Meubilvne

1. Structqre Of the Cellular Membrane, 74

2. Inflammation and Congestion of tlie

Cellular Membrane 75

Chap. XII. Congestion And Inflammation Op Sebous Membrane

1. Structure Of the Serous Membranes, 77

2. Congestion and Inflammation of

Serous Slembrancs 77

3. Special Congestions and Inflammations of Serous Membranes 78

SUB-SECT. A— Congestion and Inflammation of the Serous Membranes of the Brain ... 79 „ B — Congestionand Inflamma-

tion of the Serous Membranes of the Chest ... 73 „ 0— Congestion and Inflamma-

tion of the Peritoneum, 81 „ D— Inflammation and Conges-

tion of the Synovial Capsules 84

CHAP. xm.

INFLAMMATION OP FIBBOU3 AND MUSCULAR TISSUES.

1. Structure of Fibrous and Muscular

Tissue 85

2. Inflammation of Ligaments and

Tendons 86

SUB-SECT. A— Gout 87

„ B — Kheumatic Inflammation

of Fibrous Tissues ... 83

3. Congestion and Inflammation of

Muscular Fibres 90

Chap. XIV. Inflammation And Congestion Of The Bones

1. Structure of Bone 92

2. Inflammation and Congestion of

Bone, and their Consequences ... 93

Chap. XV. Inflammation And Congestion Op The Glands And Absorbents

L Structure of the Glands 95

2. Inflammation and Congestion of tlie

Glands 99

SUB-SECT. A— Congestion and Inflammation of the Liver 99

„ B— Congestion and Inflamma-

tion of the Spleen and

Pancreas - 102

„ c— Tlte Inflammatory and

Congestive Diseases of

the Kidneys 102

„ D— Inflammation of the Sali-

vary Glands, Tonsils,

*0. 107

„ E — Inflammation and Conges-

tion of tlie Absorbents and tlielr Glands 109

CHAP. XVL

inflammation and CONGESTION OF THE BRAIN AND NERVES.

1. Structure of the Brain and Nerves, 111

2. Inflammatory and Congestive Dis-

eases of the Brain ... — ... — 11^

CONTENTS,

IX

E3CT. PAOB.

SCB-SECI. A— Congestion of the Brain dependent upon the Circulation being Defective In Quality or Quantity, 116 „ B — Congestion from Pressure

on the Brain 118

„ c— Idiopathic Inflammation of

the Brain and its Membranes 120

„ D— Effects of Inflammation of

the Brain 124

„ E_Congestlon and Inflamma-

tion of the Spinal Cord, 127 Congestion and Inflammation of the Herves 128

• CHAP. XVII.

CHBONIO DISEASES OP THE BLOOD AND OP THE VESSELS WHICH CONTAIN IT.

1. Plethora 131

2. Anoemia and Chlorosis 132

8. Cachexia and Scrofula 133

4. Chronic Diseases of the Blood-vessels 140

SCB-SECT. A— Chronic Diseases of Arteries 141

„ B— Chronic Disease of Veins, 143

„ c— Chronic Diseases of the

Heart 144

„ D— Hemorrhage 145

CHAP. xvin.

CHBONIO DISEASES SUPPOSED TO BE CONNECTED WITH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

1. Epilepsy 147

2. Hysteria 148

8. Catalepsy and Trance 150

4. Chorea 150

5. Mania 151

CHAP. XIX.

CHEONIC DISOBDEBS OP THE DIGESTIVE OBOANS.

1. Dyspepsia 153

2. Chronic Disorders of the Liver and

Bowels 150

CHAP. XX.

PABASmC ANIMALS INPESTINO MAN.

1. General Bemarks ... 157

2. Worms

SUB-SECT. A — Intestinal Worms 157

« l^— Worms found in other

parts of the Body 158

8. Hydatids, Flukes, &C. 159

CHAP. XXI.

MALIGNANT DlSEASEa

SECT. PAGE.

L Peculiarity of these Diseases 100

2. Hard Cancer 100

3. Soft Cancer 161

4. Jelly-like Cancer and Melanosis ... 161

CHAP. XXII.

DISEASES OP THE EYE, EAB, NOSE, MOUTH, <fcC.

1. Diseases of the Eye 161

SUB-SECT. A— Diseases of the Eye-lids

and parts adjacent to

the Eye 161

„ B— Diseases of the Eye-baU... 162

2. Diseases of the Ear 164

3. Diseases of the Hose 164

4. Diseases of the Mouth 165 -

CHAP. XXIII.

THE DISEASES PECULIAK TO WOaiEN.

1. Peculiarity of Structure and Function 167

2. Disease of Single Women 168

3. The Diseases incidental to Pregnancy, Parturition, and Lactation, 168

CHAP. XXIV.

ON THE EPPECIS OP POISONS.

1. General Remarks 170

2. Proofs Of Poison having been taken, 171

3. Irritant Poisons 171

4. Narcotic Poisons 175

5. Narcotic Irritant Poisons 176

BOOKIIL

THE METHODS EMPLOYED IN THE REMOVAL OF DISEASE.

CHAP. I. OBJECTS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED IN COilBATIHO DISEASE

L Nature of the Machine which is to be repaired 178

2. Our Repairing Tools 178

3. True Aims of Medicine. 178

4. Variety of Roads 179

5. Relation of eflect to cause ISU

CHAP. IL

PBINCIPLEa OP TBEATMENT ADOPTED BY OBTHODOX PRACTITIONERS OP MEDICINE, SOMETIMES CALLED ALLOPATHISTS.

1. Deflnitlon of the term Orthodox

Medicine 182

2. Principles of Modern Physic 183

3. Dr. Headland's Propositions 187

4. Classlflcation of Remedies 189

X

CONTENTS.

SECT.

PAGE.

EUB-sEcr. A— Restoratives ... .

B — Catalytics c — Stimulants

D — Narcotics

If

E — Sedatives

H

p— Astringents

G — Eliminatlvcs ... .

CHAP. HI.

noMCEorATHT.

L What does Homoeopathy Claim to be? 192

2. Evidence for and against Homeo-

pathy 193

3. Conclusions on the Nature of Ho-

moeopathy as at present practised, 199

CHAP. IV.

1. Nature of Hydropathy 201

2. Processes used in the Water Cure ... 202

SECT. Fault

3. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropathy 207

CHAP. V.

THE MECHANICAL TEEATMENT OP DISEASE TEEMED KINESIPATHT.

1. Objects and Nature of this Mode of

Treatment 209

2. PracticalApplicatlonofKinesipathy, 211

3. Probable Powers of EUncsipathy ... 213

CHAP. VI.

QUACKBEV AND OTHEE POPULAR FALLACIES.

1. Quackery 214

2. Clairvoyance and Mesmerism 214

3. Phrenology 216

CHAP. VII.

CONCLUSIONS TO BE ARRIVED AT AS TO EESIEDIAL AGENTS.

BOOK I.— THEllAPEUTICS

CHAP. I.

THE PUECBASINO, PRESERVATION, AND DISPENSING OF DRUGS.

1. Purchasing and Preservation of

Drugs 219

2. Tables of Weights and Measures,

Utensils, and Table of Doses ... 220

3. List of Drugs suited to Domestic

Use, and Tables of Proportionate Doses for Different Ages 222

CHAP. IL

ON lUE VARIOUS AUXILIARIES TO MEDICINE IN RESTORINO HEALTn.

1. Invalid Diet and Drinks 246

2. Exercise and Clothing 281

3. Ventilation and AVarmlng 253

4. Batlis 254

Chap. III. Domestic Sueoioal Appliances

L Gencr.ll Remarks

r. The Various Methods of taking

O

Tooth-drawing

... 261

Counter-irritation

... 201

Poultices and other Dressings

... 263

Bandaging

Miscellaneous Apparatus ...

... ICC

Vaccination

BOOK IL

ON THE MANAGEMENT OF CHIL- DREN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.

Chap. I. Peculiarities In Their Treatment

1. Infantile Therapeuties 268

2. Obscurity In the Symptoms of Chil-

dren's Diseases 270

Chap. II. The Treatment Of The New-born Child In Health And Disease

L Management of the Healthy Infant

during the First Jlonth 271

2. Treatment of the Accidents and Diseases ineidental to New-born Children 276

Chap. III

ON THE TREATMENT IN HEALTH AND DISEASE OF THE INFANT FROM THE END OF THE MONTH TO THE END OF THE SECOND TEAR.

L Management in Health ... ~. ... 281 2. Diseases peculiar to tills Ago ... 285 SUB-SECT. A — The Diseases connected

wltli Dentition 285

„ B— Ellccts of careless Weaning .~ 287

COKTENTS.

Chap. IV

aANAOEMEKT OP THE HEALTHY CHILD APTEB THE SECOED YEAH.

SECT.

L General Remarks

2. Washing and Dressing ... .

PAGE.

4. Diet

5. Management at Meals

6. Sleep

7. Exercise

CHAP. V. TBEATMEET OP THE OBDUfABY DISEASES OP CHILDBEE

1. Irregular Dentition, andtliellnnage-

ment of the Permanent Teeth ... 297

2. The Febrile Diseases of Childhood, 298

3. Treatment of the Inflammatoiy and

Congestive Diseases of Children, 802 BCB-SECT. A— Treatment of Inflammations and Congestions of Mueous Membranes, 303 „ B — Treatment of Inflammations of the Skin and

its Appendages 307

„ c— Treatment of Inflamma-

tion of the Cellular

Membrane 815

D— Treatment of Inflammation of Serous Membranes 815

« E— Treatment of Muscular

and Fibrous Inflammations 315

It F— Treatment of the Inflam-

mations and Congestions of the Glands and

Absorbents 316

It o— Treatment of Congestion

and Inflammation of the Brain 819

4 Treatment of tiie Chronic Diseases of the Biood, and of the Vessels

which contain it 822

SUB-SECT. A — Blood Diseases 822

It B — The Treatment of Chronic

Diseases of the Blood-vessels ... 329

5. Treatment of the Kervous Diseases

of Childhood

6. Chronic Disorders of tho Digestive

Organs 329

7. Treatment of Worms 830

8. Diseases and Accidents of the Eye,

Ear, Mouth, Ac., incidental to

Children

SCB-SBcr. A— Diseases of tho Eye”_ ..." 332 tt B — Diseases of the Ear 333

t, c — Diseases of the Nose 834

>< ^ — Diseases of tho Mouth ... 335

BOOK ML

DOMESTIC PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY IN THE ADULT. .

Chap. I. Oe Eubsieo Adults

CHAP. n.

OE THE ABI OP PBESOBIBIEO.

SECT.

PAGE.

1. Theoretical Principles ...

• ••

.. 339

2. Practice of Prescribing .

.. 341

SUB-SECT. A — Restoratives ...

•••

.. 341

„ B — Catalytics ... .

.. 342

„ c— Stimulants ...

.. 344

„ D— Narcotics ... .

.. 344

„ E — Sedatives

.. 844

„ p— Astringents .

•

.. 345

„ G — EUminatives

.. 845

„ H— Miscellaneous Formulas

.. 349

Chap. III. Tbeatsieht Op Peveb Ie Oeeebal

CHAP. rv.

TBEATMEET'OP CONTIHUED PEVEB.

1. Simple or Ephemeral Fever 351

2. Treatment of Typhus Fever. 852