The memoirs of the lives and actions of James and William, dukes of Hamilton and Castle-Herald

Front matter

Book

M!

i

Book I

Of what happened from his father's death till the year 1638.

and negotiates with the States of Holland, ibid. Farensbach's treachery, ibid.

The king of Sweden presses the marquis to come to Germany, 10. and desires a league with the king, 11.

Reay accuses Ramsay, 11. and lord Ochiltree accuses the marquis, ibid, the marquis's innocence appears, 12. lord Weston is his enemy, ibid, but the king will receive no ill impressions of him, ibid, and makes him lie in his bedchamber that night, 13.

Ochiltree is tried, and punished for his false accusation, 13.

Reay and Ramsay desire to fight, 14. the king's letter about that matter, ibid.

The marquis sails to Germany, 15,. and goes through the Sound, ibid, the king writes to him, ibid, he lands in Germany with 6000 men, which did the king of Sweden great service, 16.

The marquis goes to the king of Sweden, 16. the king of Sweden sends him to guard some passes on the Oder, ibid, the plague breaks in upon his army, ibid, he relieves Crossen, 17. and takes Guben, ibid, he is called to besiege Magdeburg, ibid.

The marquis of Hamilton dies, page 1*. his son succeeds him, ibid, his father's character, ibid.

King James dies, 2.

Anno 1626.

The marquis goes into Scotland, 2. the king writes to him, 3. and invites him to court, ibid, but he lives retired, ibid, the earl of Denbigh goes for him, 4.

Anno 1628.

The marquis comes to court, 4. his preferments there, ibid, the state of Germany, ibid.

The queen of Bohemia writes to him, 5.

The king of Sweden desires a league with the king, ibid, who appoints the marquis to treat with him, 6. the marquis sends colonel Hamilton, ibid, and David Ramsay to the king of Sweden, ibid.

Articles signed by the king of Sweden, 7.

The prince of Wales is born, 8.

The marquis made knight of the garter, ibid, articles with the king of Sweden signed by the marquis, 9.

Ramsay deals with the lord Reay, 16.

* The pages referred to are those of the folio edition, which are given in the margin of the present.

XX11

CONTENTS.

Sir Henry Vane ambassador to the king of Sweden, 18. the king's letters to the marquis, ibid, the marquis goes to the king of Sweden, 19.

Magdeburg is brought to a parley, 19. but is relieved by Papenheim, 20. who draws out the garrison and leaves it, ibid.

Two letters of the king's to the marquis, 20, 21.

Anno 1632.

The king of Sweden proposes unreasonable terms to the king, 21.

The marquis's army comes to nowill not give him a new commission, 22.

The king writes to him about a new employment for him, 23.

The treaty between the king and the king of Sweden breaks up, 23.

The passion of the king of Sweden, 24.

The marquis returns to England upon the king's commands, 24.

The king of Sweden's death, 25.

Anno 1633.

The king is crowned in Scotland, 25.

The king assigns a taxation to the

marquis for repaying the expense

of his army, 26.

thing, 21. the king of Sweden

Book II

Of what passed when he was the king's commissioner in Scotland, in the years 1638 and 1639.

The marquis employed in the affairs of Scotland, 27.

A recapitulation of the state of the church from the reformation, 28.

The ministers were popular and factious, 28.

King James sets up episcopacy, 28. but it receives great opposition, ibid.

The king prosecutes his designs, 29.

Prejudice conceived against the bishops, 29. they are charged with popery, ibid, and Arminianism, ibid, and breach of sabbath, ibid, the nobility grow jealous of them, 30. their clergy dislike them, ibid, the Liturgy is appointed to be used, ibid, a tumult at the first reading of it, 31.

Traquair's letter about the occasion of the troubles, 3 1 . new tumults, 32. the king's proclamation does not quiet them, ibid.

Anno 1638.

The national covenant is sworn, 32.

Traquair goes to court, 33. and procures a new proclamation, 34. which they protest against, ibid.

The council sends the king an account by the lord-justice clerk, 34. his instructions, ibid.

Traquair and Roxbrough write to the king, 36.

The council's letter to the marquis,

The king names the marquis commissioner for Scotland, 38.

Articles sent up by the covenanters,

39- Complaints sent up by the bishops

and their clergy, 41.

The king resolves to redress their

grievances, 42.

Some discourses that passed in the

king's closet between the marquis

and the bishops, 42.

The king's proclamation, 43.

Another proclamation, 44.- The archbishop of St. Andrews's

draught of a proclamation, 45.

Queries of the marquis's to the

king, with the king's answers, 46.

CONTENTS.

xxm

The instructions the king gave him, 50. he goes to Scotland, 51. great jealousies of him there, 52. he finds things in an ill posture, ibid, of which he gives the king an account, 53. he goes to Edinburgh, 54. and treats with the covenanters, ibid.

The king writes to him to proceed warily, 55.

The multitudes scatter, 56.

The king writes to him about his preparations, 56.

The session brought back to Edinburgh, 57.

The covenanters desire a speedy answer, 57.

Many advise him to accept of an explanation of the covenant, 58. which he proposes to the king, ibid.

The archbishop of St. Andrews's draught of the explanation, 58.

The king writes to him about his artillery, money, and other designs, 59.

The king will hear of no explanation of the covenant, 60.

The marquis asks leave to come to court, 61. the king grants it, ibid.

The bishop of Ross's letter to the marquis about his conduct in Scotland, 62.

The session sat at Edinburgh, 64.

The king's proclamation published, 64. and protested against, ibid.

The inconstancy of the council, 64.

The marquis takes journey, 65.

He gives the king an account of affairs, 65. and gets new instructions, ibid.

The king's letter to the council, 67. and declaration, ibid.

The covenanters are busy in Scotland, 68.

A debate between them and the doctors in Aberdeen, 68.

The covenanters' resolutions, 69.

The marquis makes the king's pleasure known, 69. the covenanters are not satisfied with it, 70.

The marquis goes again to court, 70.

An advice offered to the king, 70. for renewing king James's covenant, 7 1 . the king's reasons against it, 72. but at length he gives way to it, ibid, and gives the marquis new instructions, ibid.

Other instructions about the bishops, 74.

An assembly to sit at Glasgow, 75 .

The king's covenant, 75. and the bond joined to it, 77.

The bishops are jealous of the marquis, 78.

Jealousies begin among the covenanters, 79.

The marquis calls the council to let them know the king's concessions, 80. the covenanters move for a delay, ibid, but after a long debate the council is satisfied with them, ibid, they are proclaimed, ibid, the covenanters protest against them, ibid.

The king is well satisfied with the marquis, 80.

The marquis apprehends the danger episcopacy was in, 82. which the king did not think so great, but is highly displeased with the covenanters, ibid.

A pretended prophetess, 83.

A Jesuit turns presbyterian, 83.

The marquis prepares for the assembly, 84.

The king is for punishing those that did protest against his proclamation, 84.

The covenanters oppose the signing of the king's covenant, 85.

The elections for the assembly, 86.

The bishop and doctors of Aberdeen subscribe the king's covenant

XXIV

CONTENTS.

with limitations, 86. some are for proroguing the assembly, 87. but the king disapproves of that, 88.

The bishops are cited to the assembly, 88.

Many lords of the session sign the king's covenant, and some of them refuse to do it, 89.

The king gets the castle of Edinburgh into his hands, but it is in an ill case, 89.

The marquis spares no cost in the king's service, 89.

The king wants money, 89.

The king writes by the bishop of Ross to the marquis, 90. and sends by him his observations on the bishops' declinator, 91.

The marquis goes to Glasgow, 92.

The bishops write to him, 92.

The strictness of the king's conscience, 93.

The assembly sits down, 93. the marquis's speech at the opening of it, 94. the king's offers to the assembly, 95. the bishops advise him how to proceed, 96. the members of the assembly, 98.

The marquis sends full advertisements to the king, 98. to which the king writes answer, 99.

The marquis displeased with the assembly, 99.

Three letters of the king's to the marquis, 100.

The marquis resolves to dissolve the assembly, 101. his speech at the dissolution, ibid. Mr. Henderson answers him, 105. the marquis replies, ibid, he dissolves the assembly, 106. but they eit still, ibid.

The council approves of what the marquis did, 106. but Argyle joins with the assembly, ibid.

The marquis goes back to Edinburgh, 107. the king approves of his carriage, ibid.

Two letters from the archbishop of Canterbury, 108, 109.

The assembly proceeds, no. the marquis issues out a proclamation against them, ibid, but they end their business, and write to the king, in.

The marquis is indisposed, in. he goes to court, ibid.

The state of affairs in Britain, 112,

The king is highly displeased with the covenanters, 112. and resolves on a war, 113. the design of it, ibid, the covenanters prepare for it, 1 14. and are animated by the ministers, 115. they become masters of all Scotland, ibid.

The king emits the manifesto, 116.

The covenanters begin the war, 116.

They take the castle of Edinburgh, 116.

The king goes to York, 117.

Huntley is taken prisoner, 117.

The marquis makes ready to go to sea, 118.

The king is angry with Traquair, 118.

Berwick and Carlisle possessed by the king, 119.

The king writes about his proclamation, 120.

Hopes from Ireland fail, 120.

The king sends his proclamation to the marquis, 120. and orders the marquis to sail to the Frith, ibid, the marquis puts his soldiers aboard, ibid.

Some alterations in the proclamation, 122.

The king orders the marquis not to go to the north, 123.

The marquis sails into the Frith, 124. he sends the king's proclamation to Edinburgh, ibid, the covenanters write to him, 125. to which he answers, 126. some

CONTENTS.

XXV come and treat with him, 127.

the king's advices to him, ibid.

A proposition about the ferries in

Scotland, 128.

The earl of Rothes writes sharply

to the marquis, 129. the marquis

answers him, 130.

The marquis sends some proposals

for a treaty to the king, 131.

which the king is pleased with,

ibid.

The state of the covenanters' forces,

132.

The king sends for two regiments

from the marquis, 133.

A conference between the marquis

and some covenanters, 133.

The king sends some lords to the

marquis, 135. and the viscount

of Aboyne, 136.

The king is willing to enter on a

treaty, 137. and is well satisfied

with the marquis, ibid.

Some on the borders gained to the

The king orders the marquis to proceed to hostilities, 138. who sets about it, ibid, but gets new orders, and goes to court, 139.

A treaty is begun, 140. and concluded, 141. the king's declaration, ibid, the articles of the treaty, 142. it is variously censured, 143. and not like to take effect, ibid.

The castles are delivered to the king, 144.

The marquis offers advice to the king, 145.

The king thinks to send him again commissioner, 145. but he gives many reasons against it, 146.

Traquair is made commissioner, 148.

The king writes for many covenanters, 148. some only come, ibid, the king's order to the marquis about them, ibid.

Montrose is gained by the king, 149.

Traquair's instructions, 149.

king's party, 138.

Book III

Of what passed after he laid down his commission, till July 164a.

The marquis retires from public The earl of Lowdon put in the

affairs, 153.

Traquair goes to Scotland, 153.

The king writes to the Scottish

bishops, 154. their declinator of

the assembly, 155.

The assembly sits and are very high,

156.

The king sends further directions

to Traquair, 156.

A new explanation of the covenant,

157. Traquair signs the covenant,

158. the king is much displeased with him, ibid.

The parliament sits, 159. but is prorogued, ibid.

The covenanters send up their complaint to the king, 160. whom Traquair incites to a war, ibid.

Tower, 160. and the reason of it, 161.

A new war resolved on, 161.

Anno 1640.

The covenanters' preparations, 162.

Lanerick is made secretary of state,

162.

Lindsay writes to the marquis to

prevent a war, 162. the marquis

answers him by the king's orders,

163.

The grounds of the covenanters'

confidence, 165.

A short parliament in England, 166.

The privy-councillors lend money,

166. and so does the marquis,

ibid.

XXVI

CONTENTS.

The parliament in Scotland sits without any commissioner from the king, 166. and send up their acts to the king, 167. with which the king is much offended, 168.

A memorial of Lowdon's, 169. an agreement between the marquis and him in two papers, 1 70, 1 7 r . he is set at liberty, ibid.

Lanerick writes by him in the king's name to the committee in Scotland, 1 70, 1 7 1 . their answer to that letter, 172.

The Scots' complaints, 173. they come into England, ibid, the king declares them traitors, ibid, they beat the king's forces at Newburn, ibid, and pass Tyne and take Newcastle, 174. they write again to Lanerick, ibid, and send a petition to the king, 175. the king answers it, 176. they send another letter, 177. the king appoints a treaty, 178. the marquis presses a pacification, ibid.

A breach between the marquis and Montrose, 179.

The treaty begins at Rippon, 180. and is carried on at London, ibid.

The king's answer to the remonstrance of the two houses, 180.

Anno 1 64 1.

The king yields to the demands of

the covenanters, 181.

The earl of Strafford writes to the

marquis, 182.

Many complain of the marquis, 183.

The earl of Rothes dies, 184.

The parliament proceeds against incendiaries, 184.

Montrose is put in prison, 184.

The king goes to Scotland, 184.

The members of parliament there subscribe the covenant, 185.

The marquis is vindicated by act of parliament from the calumnies some did cast on him, 185. but the king grows jealous of him, ibid, an account of the incident, 186. he again recovers the king's favour, ibid.

The rebellion in Ireland, 187.

The marquis's friendships designed for the king's service, 187.

The king returns to London, 187.

Some design to impeach the marquis in England, 187. but that is prevented, 188.

The Scottish commissioners stickle in England against episcopacy, 188. the king is offended with them for it, 189. and requires them to do so no more, ibid, he writes about it to Lowdon and Argyle, ibid.

The Scottish army is sent to Ireland, 191.

The marquis's sickness, 192.

The treaty between Scotland and England, 192.

New calumnies on the marquis, 192. but he clears himself, 193.

The king thinks of going to Ireland,

193- The marquis waits on the king, 194. and is sent by him to Scotland, ib.

Book IV

Of the duke's and his brother the earl of Lanerick* s negotiation in Scotland till their imprisonment.

In Scotland they favour the two An assembly in Scotland, 196. houses, 195. the marquis sends the they declare against episcopacy, king an account of it, 196. ibid.

CONTENTS.

XXVll

Motions for a meeting of the conservators of the peace, 197.

The king writes about uniformity in religion, 197. the Scots keep a resident at London, ibid.

Mr. Murray's letter about the affairs of Scotland, 198.

Lanerick's letter about affairs in England, 199.

The marquis studies to gain many to the king, 200.

The king's letter to the conservators,

200. they incline to serve the king,

201. and to invite the queen back, ibid, but the king did not approve of it, 202. yet is sensible of the marquis's fidelity, ibid.

The earl of Louthian is sent to

France, 202.

An extraordinary letter of the king's

to the marquis, 203.

The marquis and Argyle at enmity,

204.

Great debates in the council, 204.

The king has a great sense of the

marquis's services, 205.

Many petitions come in to favour the two houses, 206.

The cross petition, 206. it is condemned by the ministers, 209.

Commissioners are sent to treat between the king and the two houses, 209. the king rejects their mediation, 210. and answers the desires of the ministers, ibid.

A petition against the annuities, 211. signed by many, ibid.

Montrose proposes to the queen to begin a war in Scotland, 212. the marquis opposes it, ibid.

The king's answer about the mediation of the Scottish commissioners, 213. they are called home, 215.

The marquis writes to the queen about it, 215.

They take leave and come home, 216.

The king sends his friends to Scotland, 217.

The queen writes to the marquis, 217.

They agree in Scotland to summon a convention of estates, 218. and write to the king about it, ibid.

The king's instructions to the marquis and others, 219.

The king's declaration about the war in England, 221.

The marquis is made a duke, 224.

Some of the king's party accused as incendiaries, 224.

Lanerick gives the king an account of affairs, 225.

The king's friends consult what to do, 226. and send a message to the king, ibid.

The duke writes of the great danger he saw things in to Mr. Jermin, 227. and to the queen, 228.

The queen's answer, 229. he writes again to her, ibid.

The king's letter forbidding the convention, 230.

He writes to Lanerick, 230.

Another letter by the earl of Lindsay, 231.

The king's letter to'the convention, 232.

Means used for the king's service,

233- The convention sits, 233. after much

debate they vote themselves a free

convention, ibid.

The duke leaves them, 234.

Great jealousies and divisions among

the king's party, 234.

The general assembly sits, 235.

Commissioners come from England,

235.

The arguments that prevailed to

make a league with them, 235.

The solemn league and covenant,

237. the censures that passed upon

XXV1I1

CONTENTS.

The king and queen write kindly to the duke, 239.

The king's letter to his good subjects in Scotland, 241.

The king's friends send propositions to the king, 242.

The heads of the treaty between Scotland and England, 242.

The king's letter to the conservators, 243. his letter to the council, 244. his letter to Lanerick, 245. his letter about a proclamation, 246. his letter to Lanerick about that, ibid, he writes with great confidence to the duke, 247.

The king's affairs in Scotland decline, 247.

A message sent up by Traquair, 248.

All are commanded to take the covenant, 249.

The duke's endeavours for the king's service, 249.

A meeting of the king's friends, 250. they part without doing anything, ibid.

The committee sends out severe orders against such as took not the covenant, 250.

The duke ill represented at courts 250. he goes to court, 251. and is made prisoner, ibid, he sees the charge given against him and answers it, 252.

Charge against the duke, article firsts 253. a general answer, ibid, answer to the first article, 254. the second article, ibid, the answer to it, 255. the third article, ibid, the answer to it, 256. the fourth article, 257. the answer to it, 258. the fifth article, 260. the answer to it, ibid, the sixth article, 261. the answer to it, ibid, the seventh article, ibid, the answer to it, 264. the eighth article, 267. the answer to it, 268.

Lanerick presses for a present trial, 269. but could not obtain it, 270. he makes his escape, ibid, and draws a party for the king in Scotland, ibid.

The duke is hardly used, 270. and continues a prisoner, 271. he is set at liberty, 272.

Book V

Of the duke's and his brother's employments after his enlargement till the year 1648.

The king's affairs grow desperate,

273- The duke resolves to retire, 273.

The king goes to the Scottish army, 274. commissioners are sent to him from Scotland, ibid, they press him to settle matters, ibid, the king complains of ill usage, ibid, the army petition him about the covenant, 275. the king proposes a treaty, ibid.

An account of Montrose's affairs,

275- The king recalls his commission, 277. the king is much pressed to take the covenant, ibid, the king scruples, ibid, his conference with Mr. Henderson, ibid.

Debates about the propositions to the king, 278. the papers given in by the Scottish commissioners about them, ibid, the propositions are agreed to, 279. the heads of them, ibid.

The duke is well received by the king, 279. the king employs him to preserve Montrose, 280. he does it, ibid.

The king is much pressed to grant the propositions, 281. but resolves to adhere to his conscience, ibid, his first thoughts of the propo-

CONTENTS.

XXIX sitions, ibid, his denying them much resented, 283.

The Scottish commissioners serve him, 283.

The king sends Argyle to London, 283.

The duke's endeavours in Scotland, 284. he is much opposed by the ministers, ibid.

The duke and others sent to deal with the king for his granting the propositions, 285. the king's answer to them, ibid.

Another paper of the king's to the same purpose, 286.

The duke resolves to go beyond sea, 288.

The independents cajole the king, 288. but Lauderdale disabuses him, ibid.

The duke obtains the king's leave to retire, 289. the king's letter recalls that, ibid, the queen writes to him, 291. the duke's letter to the king, ibid.

The king's letter to Lanerick, 292. and to the duke, 293.

The Scottish commissioners serve the king at London, 293. conferences between the two houses and them, 294.

A parliament in Scotland, 294.

Huntley is in arms, 295. the king writes about it, ibid, and about Traquair, 296.

The consultations in Scotland, 296.

Two letters of the king's, 297. the king's letter about the propositions, 298. his answer to them, 299. Lanerick's letter to the king about it, 302. the king's answer to him, 303. two other letters of the king's, 305.

An account of the resolutions in Scotland, 306. which the duke and Lanerick oppose, but in vain,

3°7 ; Lanerick writes to the king, 308.

Resolutions taken about the king's

person, 309.

The Scottish commissioners leave

London, 309.

Commissioners sent to the king from Scotland, 310. who deliver to him the votes of parliament, ibid.

In Scotland they resolve to deliver up the king, 311. the duke and Lanerick oppose it much, ibid, but in vain, ibid, it is variously censured, 312.

The king's letter to the duke, 313.

The duke and Lanerick begin a new design for the king, 313.

New disorders in England, 314.

The earl of Lauderdale is sent to London, 314.

The army revolts, 314. and take the king from Holm by, ibid, they use him civilly, 315. the king writes to Lanerick, ibid. Lanerick's answer, ibid, two letters of the king's to Lanerick, 316. Lanerick's answer, 317. another letter of the king's, 318.

The army forces the parliament, 318.

Lauderdale is ill used by them, 319. this is resented in Scotland, ibid, but many are intractable, ibid.

Instructions sent by Mr. Lesley, 320. the king's answer, 321. the king is abused by the army, ibid.

Lanerick's letter about the delay of his coming to wait on the king, 321. the king's answer to it, 322.

The Scottish commissioners come to the king, 323. they intend to rescue him, 324. the king consults with them, ibid, he goes to the Isle of Wight, ibid, and writes to Lanerick, 325. the Scottish commissioners write to him, 326. the king's answer to Lanerick, ibid.

The four bills are passed, 327. the

XXX

CONTENTS.

Scottish commissioners protest against them, ibid, and write to the king about them, ibid, the king is well pleased with their papers, 328. they write again to him, ibid, another letter to the king, 329. the king's answer to them, ibid.

Designs against the king's person,

Traquair is well with the king, 331.

The Scottish commissioners advise

the king, 332. the king sends for

them, ibid, the king's care of

Huntley, 333.

The queen writes to Lanerick, 334.

The Scottish commissioners agree

with the king, 334. the king is

made prisoner, ibid.

33°-