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BOHN’S STANDARD LIBRARY.

THE HISTORY OF FLORENCE

AND

THE PRINCE.

BY NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI.

THE

HISTORY OP FLORENCE,

4.ND OF

THE AFFAIRS OF ITALY",

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO

THE DEATH OF LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT;

TOGETHER WITH

THE PRINCE.

AND VARIOUS HISTORICAL TRACTS.

BY NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI.

"a Ncto 5Ctanslation.

LONDON :

BELL & DALDY, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS. SXAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

Contents

HISTORY OF FLORENCE.

Book I

HAF. I.— Irruption of northern people upon the Roman territories— Visigoths—Vandals— Franks and Burgundians— Huns— Angies in Eno-land — Attilla — Genseric — The Lombards , , ^ ]

HAP. II.— Roman empire under Zeno— Theodoric— Changes in the Roman empire— New languages— New names— Belisarias—Totila—Narses — The Lombards change the form of government . . 5*

pontiffs in Italy— Pepin, king of France— Charlemagne —The title of cardinal— The empire passes to the Germans— Berengarius . ^ ^ 22

3AP. IV.— Guelphs and Ghibellines— Kingdom of Naples— Pope Urban II.— The first crusade— Frederick Barbarossa— An anti-pope— Henry king of England— Orders of St. Dominic and St. Francis 19

Este-^ Frederick IL-Naples-Guelphs* and jGhibellmes m Lombardy— Charles of Anjou— Nicholas III.— Institution |Of the jubilee — The popes at Avignon . . .26

fAP. VI.— The emperor Henry in Italy— The duchy of Milan— The Emperor Louis— John, king of Bohemia — Venice— Venetians . 32

[AP. VII.— Schism in the church— Boniface IX.— Council of Pisa— Of ponstance— Filippo Visconti— Giovanna II. of Naples . 40

Book II

AP. I.— Advantage of colonies— Origin of Florence— The Florentines :ake Fiesole— First division in Florence— Buondelmonti . 46

AP. IL— Florence in the power of Naples— Farinata degli* Uberti— Establishment of trades’ companies — Count Guido Novello . 52

AP. Ill — The Signory created— The Gonfalonier of Justice created— Jbaldo Ruffoli — Giano della Bella . . .59

AP. IV.— The Cerchi and the Donati— Origin of Biancha and Nera actions — Charles of Valois sent by the pope to Florence . 65

y.— Restless conduct of Corso Donati— War with Uguccione della 'aggiuola — Count Novello — Lando d’Agobbio . . 73

War with Castruccio— The Squittini established— Raymond of lardona — Charles, duke of Calabria — The Emperor Louis , 79

,vp. VII.— The emperor at Rome— The Bardi and Frescobaldi— Maffeo a Marradi — The duke of Athens . . .84

LP. yill.— The duke of Athens requires to be made prince of Florence -His tyrannical proceedings— Conspiracies— He withdraws from the

• • . . .91

y- IX.— Many cities and territories, subject to the Florentines, rebellot 01 Andrea Strozzi — The plague of which Boccaccio speaks . 102

703097

VI

CONTENTS.

Book III

Chap. I. — domestic discords of republics — Rome and Florence — The Ricci and Albizzi — Uguccione — Piero . . 108

Chap. II. — War against the pope’s legate — The Capitani di Parte — Saif vestro de Medici Gonfalonier , . . 118

Chap. HI. — Measures adopted by the magistrates to effect a pacification — Luigi Guicciardini — The woollen art — Speech of a plebeian . 124

Chap. IV. — Proceedings of the plebeians — They insist that the Signory leave the palace — Michele di Lando Gonfalonier , 131

Chap. V. — New regulations for elections of the Signory — Confusion in the city— Piero degli Albizzi and others condemned — Approach of Charles of Durazzo — Giorgio Scab — Benedetto Alberti — Giorgio beheaded 138 Chap. VI. — Riots in the city — Reform of government— Michael di Lando Benedetto Alberti — Coming of Louis of Anjou — The Florentines purchase Arezzo — Benedetto Alberti — His discourse — Other citizens banished — War with Giovanni Galeazzo, duke of Milan . . 143

Chap. VII. — Maso degli Albizzi — Veri de’ Medici — Conspiracy supported by the duke of Milan — Taking of Pisa — War with the king of Naples — Acquisition of Cortona .... 149,

Book IV

Chap. I. — Licence and Slavery — Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici — Filippo Visconti — War declared — The Florentines routed . 157

Chap. II. — Rinaldo degli Albizzi — Restoration of the Grandi — Niccolo da Uzzano ..... 163

Chap. III. — Giovanni de’ Medici acquires favour — Bravery of Biaggio del Melano — Baseness of Zanobi del Pino — League with the Venetians — Origin of the Catasto — Peace with the duke of Milan . 16P

Chap. IV. — Death of Giovanni de’ Medici — Insurrection of Volterra— Niccolo Fortebraccio — War with Lucca — Astorre Gianni and Rinaldo degli Albizzi . . . . .174

Chap. V. — Seravezza appeals to the Signory — Filippo Brunelleschi — The duke of Milan sends Francesco Sforza — Pagolo Guinigi . 181

Chap. VI. — Cosmo de’ Medici — His greatness excites jealousy — Niccolo da Uzano — Bernardo Guadagni, Gonfalonier— Cosmo arrested 188

Chap. VII. — Cosmo banished to Padua — New disturbances occrsioned b} Rinaldo degli Albizzi — Pope Eugenius in Florence — Cosmo recalled — Rinaldo and his party banished — Glorious return of Cosmo . 195

Book V

Chap. I. — Of empires — State of Italy — Factions of Sforza and Braccio — The pope is expelled by the Romans . . .202

Chap. II. — Death of Giovanna II. — Rene of Anjou and Alfonso of Arragon — Alfonso obtains the friendship of the duke of Milan — Divisions amongst the Genoese — League against the duke of Milan — Rinaldo degli Albizzi — Niccolo Piccinino before Barga . . 209

Chap. III. — The Florentines go to war with Lucca — Discourse of a citizen of Lucca — Francesco Sforza — Cosmo de’ Medici at Venice — Peace between the Florentines and the Lucchese — The pope consecrates the church of Santa Reparata — Council qf Florence . .217

CONTENTS.

Vll

Chap. IV.— New wars in Italy— Niccolo Piccinino deceives the pope and takes many places from the church — Attacks the Venetians I ears oi the Florentines— The Venetians request assistance from the Horentnes and of Sforza — League against the duke of Milan Neri di Gmo

poni at Venice . • • . m 'cr

Chap. V.— Francesco Sforza marches to assist the Venetians— 1 he Venetians routed by Piccinino — Piccinino routed by Sforza — Surprises Vemna —Recovered by Sforza— The duke of Milan makes war against the F lorentines—Cardinal Vitelleschi their enemy A- • • •*

Chap. VI.— The pope assists the Florentines— Niccolo Piccinino in iuscany— He takes Marradi— Cowardice of Bartolomeo Orlandmi — ®^ave resistance of Castel San Niccolo . • _ * n i ^ * t

Chap. VII.— Brescia relieved by Sforza— Piccinino is re-called into Lombardy—Is routed before Anghiari— Death of Rinaldo degli Albizzi 248

Book VI

Chap. I.— Niccolo reinforces his army— The Venetians acquire Ravenna— The Florentines purchase the Borgo San Sepolcro of the pope— I he insolence of Niccolo Piccinino — The duke makes peace with the league —Sforza assisted by the Florentines . • * • • • "ta ^

Chap. II.— Baldaccio d’ Anghiari murdered— Sforza and Piccinino— Death of Piccinino— End of the war— Annibale Bentivoglio slain by Battista— Canneschi— Santi Bentivoglio is called to govern the city of Bologna—

, Discourse of Cosmo de’ Medici to him— General war in Italy . 252

Chap. III.— Death of Filippo Visconti— Milan becomes a republic— Ihe pope endeavours to restore peace to Italy — Alfonso attacks the Florentines—Scarcity in the Florentine camp— Alfonso sues for peace— Pavia surrenders — The Venetians routed by the count . •

Chap. IV.— The count’s successes— League of the Venetians and Milanese — The count dupes them — He applies for assistance to the Florentines Neri di Gino Capponi— Cosmo de’ Medici— The Florentines send ambassadors to the count . . • • • ^ ‘

Chap. V.— Prosecution of the war between the count and the Milanese— League between the new duke of Milan and the Florentines— Venetian and Neapolitan ambassadors at Florence— Answer of Cosmo de Medici to the Venetian ambassador— Florence prepares for-war— The emperor, Frederick III., at Florence ' . • • *

Chap. VI.— Conspiracy of Stefano Porcari against the papal government— Gallant conduct of Antonio Gualandi — Rene of Anjou is called into Italy by the Florentines— The pope endeavours to restore peace— Peace

proclaimed . • • m i * rpu*"

Chap. VII.— Christendom alarmed by the progress of the lurks— ihe Turks routed — Remarkable hurricane — Death of Alfonso, king of — Eulogy of Pius II. • • • . -9

Book VII

Chap. I. — Connexion of the other Italian governments with the history of ' Florence— Cosmo de’ Medici and Neri Capponi become powerful by dissimilar means — Luca Pitti, Gonfalonier of Justice Tyranny and

CONTENTS.

viii

pride of Luca Pitti and his party — Death of Cosmo de’ Medici . 305

Chap. II. — The duke of Milan becomes lord of Genoa — Jacopo Piccinino murdered — Fruitless endeavours of Pius II. to excite Christendom against the Turks — Death of Francesco Sforza — Conspiracy of Diotisalvi and others against Piero . . . .315

Chap. III.— Niccolo Soderini drawn Gonfalonier of Justice — Reform oi government in favour of Piero de’ Medici — Fall of Luca Pitti — Letter of Agnolo Acciajuoli to Piero de’ Medici — Piero’s answer . 323

Chap. IV.— War between the Venetians and the Florentines — Peace re-established— Death of Niccolo Soderini — Accession of Sixtus IV. — Tommaso Soderini declares himself in favour of the Medici . 331

Chap. V. — Corruption of Florence — The duke of Milan in Florence — The church of Santo Spirito destroyed by fire — Rebellion of Volterra 338 Chap. VI. — Animosity between Sixtus I V. and Lorenzo de’ Medici— Conspiracy against Galeazzo, duke of Milan — He is slain . 344