The coach-makers' illustrated hand-book : containing complete instructions in all the different branches of carriage building, adapted to the wants of every person directly or indirectly connected with the manufacture of carriages

Front matter

pRflMKLIM IWSTITUTE LiDRflRT

FHIL^bELFHm

Class -^ B 4- Book W 2. 2, Accession 2, 5^Er...

Preface

The design of this work is to place in the hands of carriage-makers a clear, concise, and perfectly reliable book of reference, containing instructions in the most important matters connected with the four several branches of the trade.

That the book is needed by a large number of those who are working at the trade of coach-making, we have abundant evidence, and the interest that its announcement awakened furnished positive proof that its advent, or something similar to it, had been long and anxiously awaited.

In presenting it to the trade for their patronage, we therefore have the satisfaction of feeling that we are carrying out the repeatedly expressed wishes of a number of carriage artisans, and as this is the first edition of a work of the kind published in the United States, we may lay claim to a share of the gratitude which is generally accorded to those who aim to furnish valuable information at a cheap rate.

A perusal of the book will disclose to the reader that each department is complete in itself, and arranged in the order that a carriage is carried forward in the factory thus resolving the matter in each department into the simplest and most convenient form that could be devised ; and as an aid to the speedy finding of any article in either of the departments, a copious index is added.

Great care also has been exercised to avoid errors that would tend to mislead the student in his search after truth and safe methods of proceeding in his every-day work.

Trusting that our labor has been directed toward a good purpose, and that the " Hand Book " may dispel darkness by the introduction of light, we send it out on its mission to stand or fall on its own merits.

THE PUBLISHEK.

Part I.-wood Department

Scale Drafting and Coloring ; French or Square Eule ; Application of the Square Rule to all Styles of Carriages in general use ; Construction of Carriage Parts and Wheels ; Drawing Instruments; Scroll Patterns; Corner Bevels; Iron Planes; Eound and Ribbed Boots ; Wood Carving ; Elevating Landau Seats ; Canvasing Outside, etc.

Part Ii.-smith Department

styles and Manner of Ironing Platform and Perch Carriages; Hanging Off ; Hooping Wheels ; Welding Iron and Steel ; Axle Centers ; C Springs ; Folding Steps ; Drafting Joints; Patterns for Stays; Setting Axles; Steel Axles; Tempering Springs; Weight of Springs; Axles, Iron and Steel; Making Tools, etc.

Part Iii.-paint Department

The Art of Coach Painting ; Principles of Coloring ; Complete Instructions from the Priming to the last coat of Varnish ; Designs for Monograms and Ornaments ; Compounding of Colors ; Causes of Varnish Pitting ; Complementary Colors ; Mixing Paints; Varnish Brushes; Enlarging Letters and Ornaments; Gilding; Imitation Cane Work; Light and Ventilation; Oil Colors; Transparent Colors, etc.

Part Iv.-trimming Department

Illustrations of different Styles of Trimming; Instructions for Standing and Fall Top Work ; Setting Bows ; Quantity of Stock required ; Covering Dashes ; Cutting Stock ; Drafting Tops ; Method in the Trimming Shop ; Spring Cushions ; Softening Buggy Tops, etc.

Part V.-miscellaneous Department

Apprentices; Success in Business; System; Credit; Sharpers; Convenient Work Shops; Order and Disorder ; Out of Work; Competition; Carriage Materials; Box Wood ; Wood Engraving ; Electrotyping ; Grinding of Colors, together with items of general interest to Manufacturers and all engaged in the Carriage Business.

Part I. Wood Depaetment

A Word on Plugs and Brads 93

Back and Front Pillars, (Illustration).. 59

Blackboard Paint 95

Brette, {ill.) 65

Bristol Board 21

Buck Board Wagon, (ill.) 82

Cant of Brette, {ill) 65

" Circular Hearse, {ill.) 63

" Coal Box Body, {ill.) 81

" Coupelette, {ill) 61

" English Phaeton, {ill) 70

" Five-Glass Landau, {ill) 62

" Four-in-Hand Drag, {ill) 66

" Four-seat Phaeton, No. 1, {ill). 77

" Four-seatPhaeton,No.2, (iK.). 78

" French Cabriolet, {ill.) 70

" Glass Front Landau, {ill) 62

" Jump Seat Rockaway, {ill).... 79

" Landau, {ill) 56

" Landaulette, {ill) 60

" Physician's Carriage, {ill) 81

" Eockaway Landaulette, {ill)... 64

" Six-seat Extension Top, (iZZ.).. 67

" Six-seat Rockaway, zK.) 64

" Stanhope Buggy, {ill) 80

Canvasing Outside 94

Carriage Parts, (2 ills.) 95

Centering Square, {ill.) 103

Circular Hearse 63

Coal Box Body, {ill) 81

Corner Bevels 88

Corner Bevels, No. 1, {ill) 88

Corner Bevels, No. 2, {ill) 89

Designs for Carved Body Blocks, {ill).

Diagram No. 1, Scale Drafting, {ill)....

" 9 << «

3^ "

" A << It

5, " "

6, "

8, "

9, "

10, "

" 1, Square Rule,

" 2, " "

3, "

It A It It

" 5, " "

6,

7,

{ill.)

8,

Drop Front, Close Top Buggy, {ill)....

Express Carriage Part (2 ills.)

French Cabriolet Americanized, {ill.)..

VI

INDEX.

How to make a cheap Glue Brush

Its advantages over the wooden plane oo fin n ol ^~^nQT*toT' ( 'ill \ .

Parallel Pnlf^r ("iV/ "\

T>lTilQ/1alT^l-iio T?iViVio/l "Rnnf (ill \

Platform Carriage for pole and shafts,

Scroll Patterns for Bar Ends, (4 ills.)..

Six-seat Extension Top Phaeton, {ill.)

, 64

Spring Bow Pen with Pencil Point, {ill.)

Sweep Patterns, {ill.) 27, 28

The Manner of Obtaining Corner Bev-

The Plain Dividers, {ill.) 20

The Use of Glue 93

To Imitate Mahogany 94

To Lower the Top 63

Trammel for Ovals, (iZZ.) 85

Triangular Scale of Boxwood, {ill.) 20

T-sqnare, {ill.) IS

Water Colors 22

Wood Carving 99

Working Draft of Buck Board Wagon,

Working Draft of Brett, {ill.) 65

" Circular Hearse, {ill.) 63

" " Coal Box Buggy, (■iZZ.) 81'

" Coupelette, (i//.) 61

" English Phaeton,(iZZ.) 70

" " Five-Glass Landau,

Working Draft of Four-in-hand Drag,

Working Draft of Four-seat Phaeton,

Working Draft of Four-seat Phaeton,

Working Draft of French Cabriolet,

Working Draft of Glass Front Landau,

Working Draft of Jump Seat Eocka-

way, (iZZ.) 79

Working Draft of Landau, {ill.) 56

Working Draft of Landaulette, {ill.)... 60 Working Draft of Physician's Carriage, {ill.) 81

Working Draft of Rockaway Landaulette, {ill.) 64

Working Draft of Six-seat Extension,

Working Draft of Six-seat Rockaway,

Working Draft of Stanhope Buggy,

Working Draft of Victoria Phaeton,

Working Draft of Victoria Phaeton,

Working Draft of Victoria Phaeton,

I Working Drafts 56

INDEX.

PART 11.

SMITH DEPARTMENT.

A cheap way to make, etc 163

A Mandrel, {ill). HI

Application of Body Loops 133

A Rule applicable to fifth wheels, {ill.) 146

Axle Centers 162

Back Bar, {ill.) 127

Back Quarter Wings, Landau, {ill.) 144

Bob Punch, {ill.) 109

Body Loops 133

Bottom Bed, {ill). 122

Brett, Hanging off, {ill.) 115

Carriage Part on "C" Springs, (ill.)... 132

" Springs 157

Coach Steps, {Ul.) 146

Cold Chisel 163

Cross Springs ••••• 158

"C" Springs 118

Curved Dash, {ill.) 142

Device for Elevating Landau Seat, {ill.) 149

Die Plate and Screw, (3 ill.) 113

Direction of a Given Force 116

" " Bearing Straps 118

Double folding Coach Step, {ill.) 146

Drafting Joints, {ill.) 148

Drop Pole, {ill.) 122

Fifth Wheels, {ill.) 146 for Clips, {ill.) 108

Folding Coach Step, {ill.) 24()

Force of Power 116

Front Running Part, {ill.) 129

Fuller, (ill.) 107

Fulling Block, (ill.) 107

, Gauge Chisel, {ill.) 108

Gauges, (ill.) 112

Hand Hammer, (2 ills.) ..TTTt:..'. 106

Hooping Wheels 150

How to Find the Right Sweep, etc., {ill.) 150 How Tools for Lamp Sockets are Made,

Iron Back Bar, (ill.) 143

Iron Back Bar for Landaulette, {ill.).. 140

Iron for Axle Centers, , 162

Ironing Platform Express, (iills.) 139

Ironing Sulkeys 149

Landau Seat, (iZZ.). 149

Landau, 8 Springs, {ill.) 115

Light Platform, {ill.) 134

Line of Draft, {ill.) 143

Lower part with King or Body Bolt,

Lower part with Springs attached, {ill.) 123

Lower Tools, (ill.) 113

Mandrel Ill

Material 161

Monitor Dashes, 5 {ills.) 141

Origin and Composition 116

Parallel Forces 116

Patterns of Straight Stays and Steps,

Platform Spring Carriage 119

« " " with Iron Perch,

Power or Strength of Springs.. 118

Riveting Hammer, {ill.) • 107

Rocker Plates 162

Round Corner Dash, {ill.) 141

Self-shutting Door Step, (2 ills.) 145

Setting Axles, {ill.) 154

" " when Cold, (i/Z.) 156

Shifting Seat Rail, (2 ills.) 144

Short and Easy Turning, {ill.) 135

Simultaneous Forces 116

Skeleton Boots, (ill.) 137

Small Flat Iron 163

Square Dash — plain, (ill.) 142

" Puncheon, {ill.) 107

Stay for Perch Carriage, {ill.) Ill, 113

" Four-seat Rockaway, {ill.) 131

Steel 152

" Axles 152

Swage Hammer, (ill.) 107 vni

INDEX.

Tempering Drills 162

Springs 158

" Thin Tools 162

The Blacksmith 104

" Height of Wheels, etc., {ill) 143

" Ironing of a carriage part, {ill.)... 136

" Manner of producing Scrolls 134

" Mode of Making Lamp Sockets... 109

" Tidy Blacksmith 105

Tillbury Shaft, {ill.) 122

To hang Brett or 8-Spring Landau, {ill.)

" for making Lamp Sockets, (6 ills.) 109 to 112

Tools for welding pins in Shifting Rail,

Top Bed, {ill.) 123

" Part of Carriage, {ill.) 124

Value of Iron 163

Wear Irons for Concave Bodies, {ill.) 147

Weight of Bar Iron 163

" Common Axles 164

" Elliptic Springs 164

" Round Iron 164

" Square " 164

" Wrought-iron and Steel 165

Wings of Landau, {ill.) 141

Part III. Paint Department

ABC Monogram, {ill.) 210

A C G Monogram, {ill.) 215

Action of Water on Varnish 285

All Sharp Edges 280

Alphabets 295

A Mantle, {ill.) 210

American and English Painting 257

A Natural Palette 259

An Old Body 256

Another Method 274

Apaumee, {ill.) 227

A P Monogram, {ill.) 212

Art of Coach Painting 171

Asphaltum 248

Axle Bed, Ornament and Stripe, {ill.). 235

Barred Helmet, {ill.) 229

Basket Work 263

B German Text, {ill.) 207

Bismarck 187, 252

Blacks 170

Black Turning Green 285

Blenders 174

Blistering 285

Breast Plate, {ill.) 229

Brilliant Yellow 253

Broad Stripe, {ill.) 233

Browns Follow Yellow 253

Bronze Powder 254

Buck's Head, {ill.) 224

Burnt Sienna 248

Burnt Umber 248

Cadmium Yellow 247

Canary Color 187, 203

Cane " 203

Cans for Oil, Varnish 181

Care of Varnish Brushes 282

" Carriage 253

Causes of Varnish Pitting 281

C. A. V. Monogram, {ill.) 214

Chairos — Curo. and Flat Tints 168

Chamois 178

Changeable colors 187

Chatamuck Lake 248

Chocolate 187

Chrome Green 184, 248

" " and Black 184

C. I. N. Monogram, {ill.) 214

Cinnamon 203

Citron 187

Claret Color 249

Coagulation of Mixed Paints 266

Colored Grays 187

INDEX.

JX

Color Items 253

' and the Eye 248

' from Wolfram 255

Complementary Colors 167

Compound Colors 18H

Striping Colors 202

Concerning Slush 261

Corn Color 202

Corner Patterns, (9 ills 231 to 233

" Piece, {ill.) 233

" Scroll, (ill.) 232

Cream Color 257

Cremnitz White 247

Crimson Lake 248, 254

C. R. Monogram, (iZ;.) 214

Dark Rich Brown 187

Deep Buff. 187, 202

' Sea Green 252

D. E. F. Monogram, {ill.) 210

D. German Text, {ill.) 207

Drabs 203

Dragon's Blood 247

Dusters 174

Dutch Pink 247, 254

Emerald Green 248

English Black Japan 261

" Purple Lake 248

Enlarging Letters 207

" Ornaments 246

Enriched Panel Stripe, (ill.) 237

Enrichment of a Hub, {ill.) 243

E. P. Monogram, [ill.) 215

Escutcheon, (ill.) 222

Extra Colors 170

Facing a Body 267

F. E. S. Monogram, (ill.) 215

Finished Scroll, {ill.) 229

Finishing Coat 196

Fitch Hair 283

Flake White 247

yiesh Color 187, 203

Florentine Lake 253

Prom Priming to the Finish 274

•Gall Stone 247

•Garter 221

hearings 265, 276

"German Text 206

Glazing 255

Goat's Head, (ill.) 238

Gold Beating 272

" Paint for Striping 249

" Striping 252

Grass Green 203

Green Leaf. 203

G Roman Ornate, {ill.) 208

Ground and Striping Colors, etc 199

" Colors 18

" for Ultramarine Blue 253

Hairing Off 284

Heavy Felt 256

" Varnishing 255

Imitation Cane Work 244

Indian Red 183, 247

Initial Letters 206

" Letter B, (ill.) 207

Irregularities on Surface of Varnishes 190

Is the Milky Appearance, etc 285

Ivory Black 248

J E C Monogram, (ill.) 215

King's Yellow 247

Laying Gold Leaf. 272

Lead Color 187

Leafing, (ill.) 229

Length of Time, etc 285

Less Japan and more Oil 260

Lettering Pencils 175

Leveling Varnish 196, 279

Light and Ventilation 172

Linen Color 187

Little Things 290

L M Monogram, (ill.) 210

X

INDEX.

<c

D E F

GH I

J K

L M

NOP

QK S

TU V

WX Y

Z &

A P

PS

PSA

USA

C(

ERA

SAP

CB

CT B

NIB

CR

<i

CA V

GIN

E P

FES

(t

H RG

(I

S N G