On the medical and surgical uses of electricity

Front matter

pM Ste gg nT pcb a

ON THE

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL USES—

Preface To The Eighth Edition

It is with no little gratification that Dr. Rockwell is permitted to offer to the profession the eighth revised edition of this work. By the death of Dr. Beard ten years ago, the responsibility of the various revisions since the second edition has devolved upon the present reviser, and it is an encouraging feature that each successive edition has been exhausted more rapidly than its predecessor.

The changes and additions in this eighth edition have been more extensive and more time and toil expended in its thorough revision than in any other edition since the second, and the work as it now stands, represents our accumulated and thoroughly sifted experience, from our entrance upon this speciality. Aside, therefore, from that considerable portion, original with the authors and peculiar to this work, it comprehends, it is believed, all else of real value pertaining to the subject. The chapters upon Diseases of Women, Electrical Apparatus and Static Electricity have been largely recast, additions made to the chapter on Electro-Diagnosis, and many new and improved illustrations, representing practical and important methods of application, supply the places of the old ones.

Considerable material that has served its purpose, and is no longer of value,has been omitted and besides many minor changes and additions too numerous to mention, two new chapters have been inserted, without materially if at all increasing the size of the book. One of these chapters on the Dosage of Electricity is a subject of the greatest practical importance, and its consideration is commended to those who are beginning the study of electro-therapeutics. Now that electricity has become popular in medicine, there is, in some quarters, a temptation to overdo the application, not only in strength but in length and frequency; to treat all cases alike, by routine, mechanical applications, regardless vi ; PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION.

either of the disease or the idiosyncrasies of the patient; hence, in cases not a few, come results either negative or temporarily injurious, with disappointment on all sides. The dosage of electricity is a special study. . The difference in result between a very gentle and short’ application, and a very strong and protracted one being, in some cases, all the difference between agreeable success and painful failure.

There are persons who must be treated not only mildly, but at long intervals, and there are persons, with perhaps the same maladies, that can bear with advantage powerful and frequent applications; to distinguish between these classes, and the various gradations that lie between the extremes of tolerance and of susceptibility is the first duty, and oftentimes the hardest study of him who makes much use of electricity in medicine. The author would call especial attention to the new chapter on the Physical and Physiological Activities of the Induced Current, etc. There is nO more interesting study in electro-therapeutics than the differential indications for the use of the induction currents of quantity and tension, and in this chapter the subject is discussed to the measure of our present experience.

No one who has not had personal experience along this line, or witnessed practical demonstrations of the physical and therapeutical effects of the various currents of quantity and tension, as dis- _cussed in the chapter referred to, can form any idea of the astonishing difference observed in their action on nerve and muscle, )

The position of electricity in the front rank of sedatives and tonics, and the pre-eminent value of the methods of general faradization and central galvanization, as means of obtaining the full measure of these effects (claims in regard to which the authors of this work once stood alone) have now been so long confirmed by expert observation in this country and in Germany that extensive demonstrations of these propositions by cases is less needed than formerly. And yet it must be said that the tendency, even at this late date, among those who make use of electricity, is to rest satisfied with partial and incomplete methods of application and to give little heed to the subject of current differentiation. If there are any who object to the size of the work, who seek for short and ready methods to the science and art of electro-therapeutics, who despise and deride the physical and physiological relations of elec-

PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION. Vii tricity, and who suppose that he who has held two sponges on a patient, has compassed the whole of electrology, we can only reply that it is not for such that this book was written, and we hope that nothing we may write, will encourage the increase of physicians of that character. The ideal of every electro-therapeutist, certainly of every one who gives the subject special attention, should be to become an electrologist—that is to be a master of electricity, in its physical and physiological, as well as its purely diagnostic and therapeutic relations; for all such this edition is designed to be a _ work of exhaustive reference.

Those, however, whose aims are lower, will here find the purely © practical and clinical department clearly presented by a large variety of illustrations of the various methods of application, and by details of more than two hundred cases, including every type of medical and surgical disease, for which electricity, by any method of application, has been used with any encouraging result.

A. D. ROCKWELL. 113 West 34th St.

Preface To The First Edition

THE object of this work is to present, in a compact, practical form,

all that is now known on the application of electricity to the treatment of disease. The aim of the authors has been to combine their own extensive and varied researches with localized and general electrization, and the labors of all other recent explorers in electro-therapeutics, in a summary which should be at once practical and exhaustive, and which should represent with strict impartiality all that has been really accomplished in this department by every school, in every country, and by all methods. _ For this undertaking the authors have been prepared by an experience acquired in more than 10,000 applications of electricity in a wide variety of morbid conditions, and by personal observation of the methods and the results of the recognized leaders in this important field of science.

For convenience of reference, and in order to avoid repetition and confusion, the work is divided into Zlectro-Physics, Electro-Physiology, Electro-Therapeuties,and LElectro-Surgery. It is believed that by this arrangement the work will be more acceptable both to the majority who seek to consult the distinctively practical portions, and to the few who may desire also to investigate the subject cf electricity in its physical and physiological relations.

General electrization, which the authors were the first in the profession to systematically investigate, is here, for the first time, described and illustrated in systematic detail of its modus operandi and its very remarkable effects in conditions of debility.

The general differential indications for the use of the two currents and for the use of localized and general applications, we have sought to distinguish and elucidate by logical deductions from the known principles of electro-therapeutics, and, above all, frora extended experimental comparison. The knowledge of electro-therapeutical anatomy, which is so essential for an intelligent electro-diagnosis in therapentics, we have endeavored to facilitate by concise and explicit illustrations. The drawings for illustrations of the different methods of electrization were made from photographs taken during the applica tlons. ‘ x PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITICN.

In the selection and detailed description of apparatus, both the tastes of the specialist and the imperative needs of the general practitioner have been constantly borne in mind ; and while nearly all the most im. proved forms of machines for both currents have received notice, minute description and illustration have been reserved only for those that experience has shown unite in the highest degree the qualities of convenience and compactness, with accessibility and uniformity of action. When we began our experiments in this department, there was in this country no satisfactory apparatus either for the faradic or the galvanic current, and for this reason our early observations were made under exceeding disadvantages.

The difficulty has for a number of years been partly met by the electro-magnetic apparatus of Kidder, which, for all the essential qualities required, is as yet unsurpassed. We early became convinced that scientific electro-therapeutics required also a galvanic apparatus which should be at least more compact and more portable than those which had been usually employed, and that to be forced to depend on apparatus of foreign construction would both retard the progress and practically prohibit the popularization of electro-therapeutics. Amid many discouragements which only those who have pursued similar investigations can well appreciate, we have striven to overcome this serious evil and to prepare a galvanic apparatus which should be both simple and enduring, and which could be used at the bedside as well as in the hospital or consulting-room. Through the skill and intelligence of the mechanician Above-mentioned, we are now able to present an apparatus for the galvanic current which, if not on the one hand so compact, or on the other so elaborate as others to which we have called attention, is yet, in the wide variety of size and shape of which it is capable, in the simplicity of its construction, and the ease of its man. agement, perhaps even better fitted to supply the general want.

Electro-surgery, though a young and as yet but little developed branch of electro-therapeutics, is yet of such intrinsic importance and interest, and so fruitful in promise for the future, that it has been deeined worthy of separate and special consideration.

In the preparation of the detailed and statistical reports of cases, we have sought to give a picture that shall be so accurate, and so true to experience, that it may be unfailingly recognized by all those who pursue a similar line of experiment. The somewhat deserved reproach against electro-therapeutists, that they publish only their most fortunate results, we have endeavored to avert by giving prominence to failures as well as to successes; by noting relapses as well as perinanent re

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. xi coveries. We have been not unmindful of the fact that statistical re ports of the results of any method of treatment, however conscientiously prepared, must be at best incomplete, and to a certain extent illusory. Therapeutics is always a subject of vast complications. It is probable that in some of the cases reported as absolute or approximate recoveries, nature and time, and in a few instances, perhaps, other medicinal or hygienic treatment bore as large a share as the applications themselves. We have, however, endeavored to make all proper allowances for the influence of these various factors ; and in the few exceptional cases where medicinal has been combined with electrical treatment, the fact has been mentioned, and cases of positive doubt have been excluded from consideration. For the study of the special effects of electrical treatment, when used alone, we have been peculiarly fortunate, since the vast majority of our cases had abandoned medication before they were referred to our care. On the other hand, it is indisputably true that some of the cases reported as absolute failures, or as but slightly benefited, were kept from perfect recovery by the indulgence of evil habits of hygiene; and it is fully probable that some of them, as well as of those reported as unknown, appreciated the after results of the treatment and went on to recovery. Still further, it is in every way probable that some of the failures might, by greater perseverance on the part of the patients, have been transformed into perfect successes.

It is believed that these various errors to a certain extent counterbalance each other, and that on the whole our statistical reports fairly represent, so far as they go, the legitimate results of the electrical treatment. And yet it should be considered that the majority of the cases represented in our statistics were both long-standing and peculiarly obstinate, and there is ground for the belief that those who treat milder and more recent cases by the same methods, will obtain a larger percentage of success.

It will be observed that throughout the work these leading ideas are kept constantly in the foreground as the foundation principles on which must rest the science of electro-therapeutics :—

1. That electrization, besides being merely a local stimulant, also exercises an influence over general and local nutrition, at once unique and unrivalled, and that entitles it to the highest rank among constitutional tonics. .

2. That the accepted system of making the applications exclusively local is both illogical and inconsistent; that in the use of electricity, as of every other remedy, constitutional diseases should be treated constitutionally.

xii PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

3. That the best method of bringing the whole system under the direct influence of the current is by general electrization as here described ; and that by the use of this method the success of electro-therapeutics is materially enhanced, and its sphere very greatly widened, so as to include a variety of frequent and distressing constitutional morbid conditions, for which merely localized electrization is but imperfectly indicated.

4. That, in determining the influence of the electrical applications on conditions of disease the last appeal must be made, not to physics nor to physiology, nor to pathology, nor to any @ friorz reasoning whatever, but solely and alone to clinical experience.

To those who adhere to the long-accepted theory that electricity is merely a means for local stimulation, and, as such, chiefly indicated in the severe or incurable conditions of paralysis or chronic rheumatism, or who hope to reduce electro-therapeutics to an exact science on the basis of a complete physiology and pathology, the above propositions must seem both radical and erroneous, and especially so if they have studied the action of electricity on the body merely by localized applications.

Therefore with all the greater interest and pleasure have we observed that, during the last few years, there has been in electro-therapeutical literature a manifest and increasing tendency to abandon the narrow doctrines of merely local stimulation, to accept the fact which experience everywhere confirms, that in electricity we have an unsurpassed means of improving the general nutrition in the immense variety of chronic morbid conditions where such results are chiefly indicated; and we express the confident hope that the abundant and varied evidence with which in the present work we have been enabled to fortify these propositions, increased and enriched as it may be by the experience of the future, and harmonizing as it surely must with the general progress of science, will materially aid in bringing nearer the day of their universal acceptance.

Although this work is not intended to be in any sense a complete guide to the study of chronic diseases of the nervous system, yet some general remarks on the nature, causation, and the diagnosis of the principal of these diseases have been deemed both appropriate and necessary, for the twofold reason that such knowledge is necessary for an intelligent appreciation of the directions for the treatment, and also because very many of the diseases here mentioned—such as nervous dyspepsia, spinal irritation, neurasthenia, hypochondriasis, insomnia, locomotor ataxy, muscular atrophy, spinal and infantile paralysis, as well as some of the varieties of neuralgia—have not received in any one

PREFACE TO TIIE FIRST EDITION. Xiii popular text-book the practical attention which their vast importance in electro-therapeutics requires.

Scientific electro-therapeutics requires scientific diagnosis. He who only knows how to apply electricity is not fit to do even that. Successful results in electro-therapeutics can be and are obtained by the most ignorant of charlatans, but to intelligently report these successes or make them of value to science requires the best skill of the physi cian. Mere hand-books of electrical applications cannot be otherwise than injurious to science. Other conditions being the same, the value of reports of cases in electro-therapeutics is in direct proportion to the accuracy and completeness of the diagnosis. For this reason it is that electro-therapeutics is the most exacting and laborious of all the special departments, for in a certain sense it trenches on and necessitates a knowledge of all other departments.

In the strict sense of the word, therefore, the electro-therapeutist is ho specialist, since his idea!—which of course he can but imperfectly fulfl—must be to know something of every department with which electro-therapeutics brings him into relation. His ambition, like that of Bacon, must be “to make all knowledge his province.”

Besides a thorough familiarity with the department of nervous diseases, and especially with the recent methods of studying them by the zesthesiometer, the ophthalmoscope, and by electricity, it is necessary for the electro-therapeutist to avail himself of all the advances that are made in the special departments of gynzcology, ophthalmology, otology, laryngology, and dermatology, as well as general medicine and surgery.

In respect to diagnosis we have ourselves been exceptionally favored, since the majority of our cases have obtained the opinion of one or more acknowledged authorities in their respective departments.

‘That all the special views on the nature and treatment of the diseases here mentioned should meet with universal acceptance, is more than can be expected. Everywhere we tread on debatable ground. | In regard to the nature, the causation, the symptoms, the general treatment, the divisions and the terminology of diseases, the choice of currents, the methods of applications, the relative merits of rival apparatus,—in these and in many other subjects there is room for the widest possible divergence of honest opinion among those whose abilities and opportunities entitle their opinions to the highest respect. On all these controverted themes we present nothing as a finality, noth. ing which we shall not readily modify in the light of sufficient inductive evidence.

Contents

ELECTRO-PHYSICS.

Chapter I

A KNOWLEDGE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRO-PHYSICS NECESSARY TO THE ELECTRO-THERAPEUTIST—DEFINITION OF ELECTRICITY—MAG- NETISM. Polarity of magnets—Magnetic induction .............006

Chapter II

FRICTIONAL, OR STATICAL, OR FRANKLINIAN ELECTRICITY. Statical induction—Distribution of electricity—Holtz’s machine—Electrophorus —Gold-leaf ‘electroscope—Leyden jar... ..c.cecsccccasccerseevess

CHAPTER Ill.

GALVANISM, OR VOLTAIC ELECTRICITY. Chemistry of the battery — Simple galvanic circles—Polarity of the circuit—Electro-chemical series—Amalgamation—Polarity of electricity—-Derived of branch currents—Polarization of electrodes—Daniell’s and Grove’s batteries — Zinc-carbon batteries—Smee’s battery—Galvanometers—Volta’s re- Reais ng 5as ovide taihnd ones a sa mv e'e Melalel Sale sistale el@inuieraciya/s

Chapter II

ELECTROTONOS, ANELECTROTONOS, AND CATELECTROTONOS. Du Bois- Reymond’s molecular theory of anelectrotonos—Effects of electrotonos sre HUET B OPRLERCHION URW). 0's s,s nus oasis oa.c5e sewed e eneeee meek sen

CHAPTER IIL.

ACTION OF ELECTRICITY ON THE SKIN. Action of the faradic current— Of the galvanic current—Electro-anzesthesia,..........0eeeeeeeeee+ IO5-III

Chapter XI

THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICITY ON NUTRITION. Mechanical, physical, chemical, and physiological effects—Electrical endosmosis after physical effects—Electrolysis of living substance—Circulation—Secretion—Excretion—Absorption —Effects produced by increase in size and weight —Reflex action—Experiments—Effects of electricity on bacteria and on seeprowth of plants... ..... Gawes sede) PEO PEe Cor eee eee Sindee

ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.

Chapter 1

HIsTORY OF ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS, Era of Franklinic electricity— Era of galvanization—Era of faradization—Localized faradization and galvanization—General faradization—Central galvanization..........

Chapter II

GENERAL THERAPEUTICAL ACTION OF ELECTRICITY. Electricity a stimulating sedative tonic—Is electricity transformed into nerve force ?—Electricity compared with other tonics—Rationale of electrization......

Chapter III

GENERAL SUGGESTIONS IN REGARD TO THE USE OF ELECTRICITY AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT, Stage of disease, when indicated—Differential action of poles and of current direction—Both seat of disease and effects to be treated—Healthy parts may be benefited—Mild currents —Care in details of application—Time, frequency, and regularity of applications—Combination of methods—How to judge of effects— Good effects—Bad_ effects—Regard for age—After effects—Use of electricity by the laity—Abbreviations used in electro-therapeutics...

CHAPTER. TV.

THE DOSAGE OF ELECTRICITY. The milleampéremeter—The rheostat— Danger of interrupted currents—Approximate strength of current in various diseases—Untrustworthy means of presenting faradic elec- MpmenreIMfe THEASUVE, 60S. 2 og cee Cs sn wice Worcs eusee walk

XVil

164-167

168-175

176-195

198-215

217-225

226-256 xviii CONTENTS.

Chapter X

GENERAL FARADIZATION. Object proposed—Position of patient—Of operator—A pplication to head and neck—Use of hand as an electrode —Special rules observed—Persistence in treatment—Effects—Ra- Rionale OF STSCtS. © 5 oes ew 15.00 Shah Lu) Wie e m aig wih. dele eee oe ee Re ;

Chapter XI

DIFFERENIIAL INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF LOCALIZED AND GENERAL FARADIZATION. Cause of failures in electro-therapeutics—Combina- Pah 0) TG WRCBOE, 0 Land sce ckcaey oh 66s% 5 00s eee eee

Chapter XII

CENTRAL GALVANIZATION. Method—Details of the application—Theory of the method—Compared with localized galvanization—With general faradization—Objections answered ..............c cc cece eenees

Chapter XIII

THE USE OF FRANKLINIC OR STATIC ELECTRICITY. Apparatus for franklinization—Methods of application—Value of franklinic electricity as compared with dynamic electricity—The static induced CURSE ech ieee sens sSaic a’ vue ews Sasa aw cS pes eSNNONS 6 Sw sain's

269-275

276-291

292-299

330-351

352-376

377-380

.. 381-394

395-407 ee

CONTENTS. XiX

Chapter XXXIX

MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL DISEASES. Cases—Intermittent fever—Addison’s disease—Case—Diabetes —Dropsical effusions—Bright’s disease —Suppression of urine—Diabetes—Chronic rhinitis—Catarrh of nose —Anosmia—Toothache—Ozone and ozonized oxygen— Hay fever— Fever and convalescence—Obesity—Cirrhosis of the liver—Chronic FEMMES RISES TS Sica ra iho! ore 8) avis, v als. Se Baise old ate SRS he ao APE See 665-680

ELEC TRO-SURGERY:

Chapter I

HISTORY OF ELECTRO-SURGERY. Early history—Later history—Surgical peeeciical |CleGhriClty COMPAL .,/.\s/e\<'s slaivvcsia Ge vis e.vievie seers were - 683-688

CHAPTER IzI.

ELECTROLYsIs. Its nature and general methods—Method of introducing the needles—Electrolyzing the base—Method of operating—Instruments—Theory of the method—Its advantages and disadvantages... 689-700

Chapter III

GALVANO-CAUTERY. Advantages over actual cautery—A pparatus, handles, burners, loops for galvano-cautery—Care of batteries—Uses and advantages of the galvano-cautery—Rules for use of galvano-cautery, and adaptation to various departments—-Statistics of cases,.......+- 701-715

XXii CONTENTS.

Chapter IV

BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS. Neevi (erectile tumors)—Goitres— Benign cystic tumors—Malignant cystic tumors—Hydatids of the liver—Fibroids—Fibroids of uterus—Lipomata (fatty) tumors—Adenitis— Ovarian tumors—Polypi— Epithelioma—Scirrhus and other malignant growths—Cases—Kelief of pain of cancer by galvanization e MSETATIVS CASES « si¢cy's isis rk dig): slcic wien ig’ip sco nw 9 6 Sihle ore ele SINT EE

Chapter VIII

MISCELLANEOUS SURGICAL DISEASES. Stumps after amputation—Hee- ' matocele — Gangrene — Carbuncles —Furuncles— Burns — Frost-bite (chilblains)—Synovitis— Hydrocele—Sprains — Strains of muscles— Spondylitis (Pott’s disease) —Spinal curvature—Pseudo-arthrosis (ununited fracture)—Hernia—Morbus coxarius (disease of the hip-joint) —Club-foot (talipes)—Warts— Dissolution of calculi in the bladder— Electric explorer of probe—Extraction of foreign bodies by the electro-magnet—Electro-chemical baths—Removal of poisonous metals from the body—Faradic a oat da i electrization— Electro-medication—Podalgia..... TPM EREECE VO Pee Meo

716-745

746-750

751-755

756-758

759-772

LIST: OF . ILLUSTRATIONS,

XXiVv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

None 1 Hermo-electricity, Wlustvated. 605.565 | oe oxy oo ee das bee eee eee eee 31—Farmer's Thermo-electric Battery... .....,..sccccereser ery ery) Ge IMCHIOTONOR, SUUGITRION. 5 ods s <9 scarpavicss sashes enh sues Sees 33—Anelectrotonos and Catelectrotonos, illustrated... .........-e0.e2ee eee 34-41—-Sphygmographic Tracing... . «5.0... 0.2+0s000s. 9 save ecb ashenbee 42—Central Galvanization................. sRiseie h.oteiae s ehnaie eo Ree Rene a3—Clectrode for Blectro-Diagnosis.. o 4 os.s\s\¢0eene 640s. esis sive vase hips eR 44—Electro-therapeutical Anatomy of the Human Body, anterior view...... 45— of -¥ 4 oe ay ‘* posterior view...

46—Faradic Machine.............. Debt eee eee tena ees ee eee eenceeee oe oe oe

Dain or a en hE ood wa poe Chee Ooo CS ee AGa~Paracio i acuin’ (Kidder's)’.)... <isicws ss sa sees he's ee <bish heise eee

49— “ a without the box. ..0'.5 25. ss dssev es heel ur shin Se eee 50-——-Engiemann Paragic: Battery. .,. .<s0ss.acssviss'sss sk cons mg un eun eine Bie AtaGiG BAtery,. 2 sCOUSS s0)05 Vs bvieis ne viele bis sinleistas beet cbs sien sa— -** Machine (Thomas Hall)... cis. sccsss cecuaeshanee pei ieee ES Barlett BAMery sx sion siniv'o (sie se bik n'o an belgie § a bea ebalee es penn 54—Plug and Socket Galvanic Battery. ...5..<.......00 ivsdvce ses eheDee B65 Galvanic Battery, 30 Celsis.). civnielicins oc cnenais spo oe Re 4 ee ae 56—Kidder’s' Zinc-Carbon Battery, 18 cells... ..\-) cis .ss0s8esse seaum eee Bo AShIGMOe OL NSUVEr MAAUUET Ys o.c.05 ssh scence dt seeks Ae eee we wae swe ee 58—Cabinet Battery (Kidder)....... .....cseeeeeeees die. eae 59—Brenner’s Apparatus (Galvano-Faradic Manufacturing Co.),,.......... 60—Cabinet Battery with Gonda-Leclanché Cells. ..........-..05 ceeeeeee 61—Apparatus for the Adaptation of the Dynamic Current (Stammers)...... Ga-—Giemen's Stopper-Rheostat 1... 26.05.00 Sakae at eeeen see eee 63—Hydro-Rheostat (Galvano-Faradic Manufacturing Co.) ............005 ea FOTDUN=ICOStAL. o's os. be sce boise snias: (sre cwienis eSeSi om See esate 65—Milliampéremeter (Waite & Bartlett)..... Lécan ee Sash he beee us pe een 66—Universal Handles for Electrodes, with Interrupter, insulated......... Gy7—Long Sponge Plectrode, ....... 06.5.5 ant eennas sy; stvaavies vk he ken Ree 68—Electrodes of Various Sizes to be Attached to Universal Handle. . 69—Hard-Rubber Handle and Electrode.............cccceccnesccccscees 70—Sponge-Holder, with Sponge Attached. ......... 0... cece eeee cs eserees 7i—Small Sponge Electrode 2.2.6... cecessscccesasseee nd cline SENRRES R= IUCHENRES BUIECITOGE. ois saie'siens oic'ds.o v's 4 b8 AS DO Reh Ne RS RN SRS 73—Rockwell’s Brass Ball Electrode for General Faradization.............. ise ROTH SOLRUONATY ALIECINOGE 5c osis es Naveen eb sree NRmiein &.5.6 Weibin niNTatwie 75—Adjustable Electrode, with Band... ....c.cccccsseceeSeucevecesevegs

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XXV

PAGE

76—Beard’s Adjustable Electrode, with Flannel Cover.........:0e.eeeee 21390 g7—Plannel Cover for Electrode. .... 0... ..0 ccc cc eens cease Pe Rtiot ee 330 78—Adjustable Electrode, with Sponge: ............eeee0: ee eave Re aide 330 Dene HHee-NEUSEADIO= EL IECITORG. io ciao cieies Sse 0018's aca eet sale aieees gueeis 330 MUMS Es BeR UL TESTES ULSI Fete receh ra cAare eet eh cds Mevaie Sialate an ceetormalcl# ciel etaleinre ele o ee een eae 331 si— * ‘* with Brush Pushed within the Cylinder........ apts ow onee 331 RMI E EIPCCEOOE) 6c dioe ca sive cess cass cess andi nnsnbs viawel yrip es SEONG fo meme reeeiey Ss / CUPLerit-fEVELSER cic <ic's'cs:< o<tcla'v w'a is voave acche 9/6 Siaisielie Pan 's'a ulate Reales 332 84—Meyer & Meltzer’s Faradic Meicbice: a Ss, achat eho Meta d sane ristae Lecarecemionate 335 85—Galvanization of the Cervical Sympathetic... 1... ..sceescccscvee ee 345 86— - a 55 is including the Pneumogastric.. 342 87—Faradization of Facial Nerve and Muscles.........ccceseee 0 ceccees 344. 88—Muscular Faradization, with Metallic Electrodes..............0000008 344 eeemoradimation Of Muscles of This... 06 66 osccectacctgecs s cctctewee 345 go— bis ** Popliteal Nerve and Peroneal Muscles. ............000. 345 9i—Spinal Cord-Brachial Plexus Current. .. 1.0... 2. ccc ccccecececcsceccs 347 92—Spinal Cord-Medium Nerve Current... ......0.00c0dscelecccnceseses 347 93—General Faradization, Application to Head.......--..ccccceeeeee vee 354 94— “ = ie ae SPIRE. icicesbal Gaieiecotete es date crea aria 356 95—- “ 5 (7 to 7. -= (Brachial a Blexucn, susie sates eta 357 go— “* ss i; rs SSLOMIAG ig at sha Kereynl lela, seavetetermotate seatonae 363 97— “ S a “Lower Eixtremitiess.sccteuecc tose 364 Sere Genrrak Galvarlization, frSt Stages sie cise s ain.crsiele sive ate sieceieiale eineiGe 381 gg— “ be SECONG-StAGE s/c. e's «ice wmce abi deter cake arte renee 382 too— ‘“‘ a GAPE SEAS aS co ois os ica, cc ereteietclol ofoietn p< eanence eaters 383 Ioi— ‘f se PORTE SEAT ES 5.5506 indies cbie a eee ee eee 384 weetroltz atic Induction Machine. ..... 5... .sccccesesseensvterceneue 396 Beemectnert OF Pradklinization.. .). cece ccc acsnsipsapee anoxecvass fee cage urna electrode ordinarily used. .:........ceccsse ens scedas gba tved ses nae 399 aE LEIIEEE CGH PS OCESEIEGCET OCG...) <a) s\s).c-s:'s1s's's-0 so c'dls lard ciaraeie levers «ieteictoienste toennie - 399 Mea RCE AUCH EN OLED cre: afar 0c<5\ci0'0io.e:dieis, esi. 0t ole eb” ante rele Fee Gia oiseiacreteeeeee nie 399 107—Interrupted Primary Circuit of a Holtz Machine without Condensers... 402 108—Method of Administration by Static Universal Electrode............+. 402 10g—Second Method of obtaining the interrupted Franklinic Current........ 403 110—Method of Application of Static Induced Current........ o aletalsrateorare 404 Gore weton:s static Universal Electrode. ¢ . 6.0% ccc ccss sve venesie ceveves 405 ecmrirere el niversal Electrode: 3. 6/5... veesieves's oe sslecine ove vwgumerene ee 405 Rig

opecian Electrodes fo be Used... s0. sce viny c cicle 8104s isle ere re hie 405

XXVi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE Time —Bileciric Bathis ssi é scpies canes veces S| yoantereewae we (skin Medeaet 409 DPR CIS LUGS 5S Giveiew spins Rosia b 94a so 50 Fe Ed Cals Cheeks eee 508 roe plong Button Disk. :<'5.0-ics sas b0 eae os male ole se seek emanate 508 117—Elephantiasis of Legs, before treatment by electricity...............+- 537 118—Rectal Electrode, non-insulated..... (bobs a» 0h) b.o0 sa Cab ele = thee 545 I1ig— ‘‘ a3 IEIATOU, san) cine 6:0 gs Stews UMie'G/ is ok em le 545 T20-—Double Rectal Blectrode...b). sis400.s os05 450s 90\o<0'oep vide hea eee 545 121—Faradization of the Uterus <....s4..ss0e00sce rrr ey Ma oly 552 122—hockwell's' Uterine: Blectrode... « ...ca.s.s ores 20 inves ys o's09 oedema 553 123-—Beard’s Intra-uterine Electrode. <i. s.. sis.0'4. 5 dsc ones siswicn ss eee eee 553 124—Double Intra-uterine Electrode.........sseseceeeceeeees > an eee 553 125—Apostoli’s Bi-polar Uterine Electrode. .... 2.20... cccccnccsessesn vee 554 126— Pe : Vaginal Hlectrode... : sis sc'o.05s vase ek teks en eens 554 127— #2 ty Faradization of Uterus: ..\5 ude sees onan eran}. Pep——V apinal BieCwOde shy iika ss sia cde sv iedas ave bo0 4 yee ee en ea aS en Ok ene 555 T29-—Apostoli’s ‘Platinum: Electrode... ... ..).. sews sess snes tes sesh ee eee 557 130—Rockwell’s Intra-uterine Electrode............00ssccccsecscsnsvesers. 557 T3i—iIntra-nterine. HIECHOdE) fo... 5. voice ss b's scie cued a pense eee ene 558 I39——A HdoMminal Clay Mrectrwod ee SS sis s sviniala hoe 0 St Wik Sie lelere pees >: 558 r33—Fiexibie Metal ilectnode: 5.00 5).5 3.05 uel e seep hee kee .+» 559 134—Fry’s Intra-uterine Electrode.....

Sore kines elewbs Sab ke See 559 Ta5—Antetexion Of THE UtTEMS .\. iss vicie s ea eae Nass sok be a een 568 126-—Rétrofexion Of The ULEMS 6.6.56 vain) sot sin ciccie s (baba > ahh eee 569 Set g a IPACHENNE SW LOCH six ok Civ Sisisis ies d)0ic,s dia ee irnleie ey rss ee 578 PRG NOCH PETALH SOUTODEL. oc sidicicicwinniesa's ¢ enle asm bdedion bo Me healer 578 £90;-240; 141—Normal Fibre, first: degree: ..i....)5 iv sisiss a8 ape sea eee 579 142, 143— os “> ge¢0nd’ Gepres.'s/./5.\Sssise'c sn walecek Se ie 579 144, 145— a ~! seipipd degree... s.ciss cate 4s ohne eee as eae eee 146, 147, 148-- i ). fourth degree 05 foi a ve esa eae aes 580 aag— insulated Catheter Electrode: «. ...'.\s 0's's wie: »inin.ae d main Als ele Sine 588 150, 151—Double Vesical Electrode, closed and open. .........eeee0eeeeeee 592 T5z—Laryugeal Miectrode and Necklet. .). . fcc. 6 .iws ccc anu ooh Seip ae NTE 599 750-—loternal Biectrization of Bar... ... +0... sds Seuness.sue en is sheen eee 616 tsa—Mutray's Galvanic Nipple Shield. ‘..5. 64..d..scwssieeandeawaswaeeene 630 PeG— ktrA- Uterine: PrOPNANCY .... . o.sc5.. dies su ve paw cu Cakes el Dk ReceeIOn een 632 TEG=AUKA-ULETING PTEPNANRCYs s. iascvev ed. ws swaedlewinee Satine se emis wkinitiea 635 £5 TIN ASOT TIECIOUS 5 io neice vs vs sdnwisd tabs ee we eibn es Pow tn manele an” 675 TS6—Gonuucton Lor Hlecwrolysisy sos ok vas 6 6a sane cee CON ea Wiese > LL 692