Reminiscences of early Methodism in Indiana . Including sketches of various prominent ministers, together with narratives of women eminent for piety, poetry and song. Also, descriptions of remarkable camp meetings, revivals,incidents and other miscellany.

Appendix

CONTAINING ESSAYS ON VARIOUS THEOLOGICAL SUBJECTS OF PRACTICAL INTEREST.

By REV J. C. SMITH,

OF THE INDIANA CONFERENCE, M. E. CHURCH.

INDIANAPOLIS:

J M. OLCOTT, PUBLISHER.

36 East Market Street. 1879.

Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1879,

By Rev. J. C. SMITH, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

TO THE MEMORY

Of the Fathers, whose heroic deeds Of patient and oft unrequited toil laid the foundations

On which

We are now building, and

Whose feet are now planted together on

THE MOUNT OF GOD,

And to the noble men and women,

Successors of these valiant sires,

Who, by faith and prayer, are laboring together with them,

In spirit, to bring forth

The topmost stone of the building

With shoutings of grace, grace unto it,

This Volume,

From the silent and unwritten archives of memory,

With the sole intent of

Perpetuating the grand achievements of our

heroic age, is

RESPECTFULL Y INSCRIBED

By The Author.

Introduction

The heroic age of the Methodist Episcopal Church is not ended. The fire still glows on her altars ; zeal still flames in her heart. The men who traveled the primeval forests of the West by blazed trees, forded or swam, as occasion required, the numerous and unbridged streams, who often slept under the friendly woods, faring hard and working harder — these heroes of a rough time were the fathers of noble sons. If the sires were heroic, their children are not cowardly. If the fathers laid the foundations, their sons rear the superstructure. The sublime purpose which inaugurated the Methodistic movement still pushes the conquering march of her sacramental host. Her theology maintains its integrity; her worship retains its simplicity ; her methods are more direct and efficient than those of any other church ; her book of discipline makes no concession to popular sin. She stands as unshaken and unaltered among the opinions and customs of these changeful times as Gibraltar in the midst of the changeful waters. She pushes her work in the centers of the cities and on the farthest fronvi 1NTR UD UCTION.

tiers. Her missionary stations girdle the globe, and though her missionary contributions are very large, her zeal is so fiery that more missionaries than can be employed offer their services every year. It is not true that all the religious heroes are dead, and that all we can know of pious daring, of patient, self-denying toil and of willing suffering, is in books of history and in epitaphs cut on monuments. Something of the old pathos quivers through this age, and some gleams of the old glory illumine it. To think otherwise would be to despair.

But times are changed. The forests have disappeared. The Indian trail has widened into a turnpike. The solitary horseman no longer picks his cautious way over logs and bogs. The Indian war-whoop has yielded to the more shrill scream of the locomotive. Civilized agriculture has spoiled the old hunting grounds. The painted farm-house has supplanted the log cabin. Towns and cities are more numerous now than wigwams were once. For the ox team we have the palace car, and for what was then almost universal Avant we now have almost universal supply. Therefore the forms of heroism have changed. It would be a meager compliment to the work of the fathers if it had been so far unsuccessful that the itinerant must still sleep in the woods, and cook his own meals by the bivouac fire. It is not so. The pioneer itinerant did his work so bravely and well, and so heartily shared the deprivations of the early population, that his children have friends. The itinerant of to-day has a tight roof above him and a soft bed un-

1NTR OD UCTION. yii

der him, and when he sits at the table it is spread with abundance. He does not swim the streams any more, "for the very good reason that he can cross them on bridges. He does not carry saddle-bags, because, as he now goes much by rail, a grip-sack is better. There is little chance for the old deprivations. On the remote frontiers, where they are still inevitable, they are welcomed with the old cordiality and endured with the old heroism ; but for the most part the itinerant now has little opportunity to get fame by suffering.

The heroism of these times must be displayed in other ways. When an age drifts toward luxury and effeminacy there is heroism in energy and self-denial. In a time of vacillating opinions and weakening faith it is a very great and brave thing to cling to the old doctrines and stand boldly for the defense of them. It is heroic to maintain a simple worship in an era of ritualistic formalism and show, to be thoroughly devout when other men are only sentimental, to be plain and humble in an age of vanity, and to plead for eternal righteousness while other men are pleading for expedients. These are the heroisms for these times, and they are as real and as great as any which the fathers displayed in swimming swollen rivers and sleeping under the open stars. It is quite as brave a thing to stand before the needle-gun and bayonet of modern war as it was to face the arrow and tomahawk of the Indian. Modern philosophy and scientific thought, so called, are quite as perilous as were the old deprivations. It takes as much courage in the modern itinerant to resist the transcendental and materialistic phiyiii INTRODUCTION.

losophies as it did in the old itinerant to fight a bear. The form of the courage is different but it is no less real.

While all this may be said, and said truly, of the heroism of these times, it does not detract at all from the thrilling interest which pervades these annals of the past. The fathers measured up to their opportunities. Theirs was a rougher age than ours, but they were equal to it. They learned much when schools were few, and did much when wftrk was exhausting. They laid the foundations, and did it with enthusiasm, when they certainly knew that death would seal their eyes before the glory of the superstructure could possibly be seen. It was David preparing the way for Solomon to build the temple. It was the faithful mother rocking the cradle of the child whose future glory she was destined not to see. Their names should be recorded, and their pictures should be hung against the wall. There is stimulus in these old heroisms, and this age can not afford to let these memories perish.

But there is more in it than this, for there are false notions abroad as to the intellectual ability, the learning and the oratorical power of the men who are gone. It is often said that they would not be as mighty men now if thev were anions us as they were in their own generation. It is a kind of flattery with which these times amuse themselves at the expense of dead giants. But it is by no means certain that this estimate of them or of ourselves is correct. John Strange went through this country like a flame of fire. Men who heard him

INTR OD UCTION. jx

fifty years ago can still repeat his texts, describe all the scene, recall the gleam of his flashing eyes and rekindle the fire that glowed in them while he spoke. Such facts show that the man was mighty. He was a genius. He seems to have been almost seraphic, and there can be no question that he would make a profound impression upon any people who could appreciate what is excellent in character and eloquent in speech. And many of his coadjutors were men of kindred power with the people. It is well to have these errors corrected, and to learn that to be worthy of such sires the men of this generation must be both courageous and great.

Mr. Smith has, therefore, done a good work in recording the names of the men and women, now gone, to whom this generation owe a debt of gratitude, and from whom it may catch some inspiration. Those of whom he writes were his personal friends, and therefore he writes with full knowledge of them. That his personal friendship has not warped his judgment and given too much color to his descriptions, is proved by the testimony of others, still living, who were so fortunate as to know personally the subjects of these reminiscences.

It is also well that he has written of some who are still alive; worthy children of honored sires. The names which he gives are proofs that the heroic, self-sacrificing spirit which made the past illustrious in our denominational history has not utterly departed from us.

That this book will be read by multitudes can not x INTR OD UCTION.

be doubted, and that it will prove a benediction to those who read it is equally certain.

J. H. Bayliss.

Indiatiapolis , September 10, i8jg.

PROLOGUE BY THE AUTHOR.

We offer no apology for adding this book to the already long catalogue that seeks public attention. We are conscious of no desire for fame in producing it, nor were we influenced by the hope of gain. We wrote first to gratify our own pleasure in calling up the memories of the dead who have been useful to the church in Indiana and elsewhere — men and women of sterling worth, illustrious for piety and good works. The memory of these and many others ought not to perish from the earth. They represent a heroic age in the church, and their writings, their preaching and examples are of immense value to this age. We have written from personal knowledge of the subjects described, and know whereof we affirm. They wrought and we have entered into their labors. It behooves us to study their words, their works and characters, and bless their memories. We wrote, secondly, in obedience to what seemed to us a reasonable, if not a providential call.

More than a year ago we wTere asked by a resolution of the Methodist Preachers' Meeting of this city to prepare an article on early Methodism in this State.

xii PROLOGUE BY THE AUTHOR.

Accordingly we prepared and read before that body the first and second chapters in this volume. This was well received, and we were asked by resolution to prepare another paper on the same general subject. This led to the production of the third and fourth chapters. Then others were called forth in like manner. In the same way most of the theological subjects contained in the Appendix, especially the first, second, third and fourth chapters, were brought out, also the article on the Christian Sabbath.

Up to that time we had not entertained a distant thought of putting these papers into book form, till a resolution was introduced before the Preachers' Meeting unanimously asking us to publish them, with such others as we might desire to write, in such permanent form. We still hesitated, till official request was strengthened with numerous very flattering testimonials from various parts of the State. A call like this we could not well resist. It seemed almost providential; and so our first reluctance gave way to a sense of probable duty

The work has cost us much labor and " weariness to the flesh/' but we do not regret it if our humble effort shall be found useful, and if the memory and virtues of our venerable fathers shall be honorably perpetuated thereby

Our own experience in the composition of the Reminiscences is valuable to us. It has taught us the wonderful power of memory and something of the laws governing it, When we began these papers some of which run back fifty years ago, while we were

PROLOGUE BY THE AUTHOR. xiij

a youth, we feared, as we had not a single written record of any event narrated, we might not be able to recall from the dreamy past facts enough to make the subject interesting. But when we began to write in earnest we found the dusty pages of memory almost perfect. One fact would suggest another ( to use the favorite term of Professor Browne, the metaphysician, in his book on mental philosophy), and this a third, and so on, till the whole life of the subject under consideration seemed to be before us as if written on canvas. Here a question in psychology presents itself. Will any fact, or thought, ever committed to the faithful records of memory, perish therefrom "? We think not. But it is not proper to argue that question here.

Some may ask, why the necessity of writing another book on Indiana Methodism? We answer, because its history is most ample and instructive and inexhaustible. Many of the biographies and sketches of camp-meetings, revivals and other remarkable events here noted, have never been written and published before, and the theological discussions in the Appendix are treated mostly in a new line of argument and style of presentation.

Solomon says : " Of making many books there is no end/' Whether he says this prophetically or retrospectively we do not know. If prophetically, we hope the prophecy may prove true. No greater calamity could befall us than an end of book-making. It would throw us ten centuries back, into the middle of the dark ages. It would be the forerunner of a x i v PR DLOGUE BY THE A UTHOR.

barbarism worse than that of Tartary or Morocco. It would argue that the age of civilization has ceased ; that thought and reason and science and commerce and liberty are at an end, and that stolid ignorance and brutal passion and despotism have usurped their places. That this may not be, let the work of book-making go on ; let the spirit increase till the " world shall not be able to contain the books that shall be written." Better too many than too few. Science has just begun her grand march. The missionary spirit and enterprise are just now beginning to awake from the slumbers of the ages. History, too, is in her childhood. Every new scientific discovery requires a new book. Every war for civil and religious liberty, every great temperance movement, every civil reform, requires a new book. Every great advancement of the cause of woman against prejudice and illiberalism, requires a book. Every hero and heroine, falling in the cause of Christ and of human salvation, requires a book. So of making many books let there "be no end." The Author.

Indianapolis,

September 22, 1879.

Table Of Contents

Biographical Sketch of Rev. J. C. Smith — His Birth, Education, Conversion, Call to the Ministry, Character, etc 1

CHAPTER I— The Field of Action

Indiana Fifty Years Ago — Period of Heroism — Corduroy Roads — No Railroads— Antidotes to Dyspepsia — Cow Paths — Blazed Trees— Author's First Experience — Whippoorwill — Rushville Ct. — Blue Monday — Cooling Off Fever — ''Ager" — A Pleasant Experience — Rev. Allen Wiley's Salary— Rev. Amos Spark's Salary — Sumptuary Accomodations — Princely Hospitality — Sleeping Accommodations — One Room for All — Modes of Travel — Horseback — Swimming Streams — Way of Doing it — The Way Heroes are Made, etc 15

CHAPTER II— Rev. John Strange

Introduced without Titles — A Master Spirit — Place of Nativity — A Cosmopolite— His Father Lost in the Wilderness and never Found — Mr. Strange's Coming among us like a Bright Flash — Elijah the Prophet — Strange's First Sermon — His Personal Appearance at a Camp-meeting — How He Looked — What He Said — Its Eifects — His Indifference to Wealth and Fame— Favorite Song — Anecdote of his Preaching in the Scioto Valley — A Bully Struck Down by his Eloquence — A Sermon near Madison ia the Fall of 1829 — Curious Effect on a Hearer— Apotheosis 23

CHAPTER III — Further Recollections of Rev. John Strange

His Inward Life — Private Life — His Sermon in 1829 at Judge Prather's — His Text — Before a Looking Glass — Striking Illustrations — Anecdote at Breakfast Table — Fried Fish — Placoids — Gonoids — Invited to Dinner by a Fashionable Lady — Keen Rebuke — It Works a Cure — His Alma Mater — Her Academic Groves — Her Curriculum — Her Library — The Value of Saddle-bags — His Power over Men — His Eloquence — Nature's Orator — Love of Sublime in Nature and in Redemption — Moses on Sinai — Elijah at Horeb — Like John on Patmos WalkiDg amidst the Golden Candlesticks — His Countenance Changed — From Glory to Glory" 32 xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IV— Rev. John Strange, (Continued.)

A Sermon in the Fall of 1831 near Columbus, Indiana— Extraordinary Effort — His Text— Solemnity of the Scene— Describes the Vast Concourse before the Throne— His Prophetic Words— His Solemn Actions— His Unearthly Appearance— Many Fall to the Earth— Ministers Bathed in Tears— He Sinks Exhausted— His Last Sickness— A Committee Visit Him— Declines a House — Points to his Mansion in the Skies — His Resting Place 42

CHAPTER V — Rev. Alfred W. Arrington

An Intellectual Prodigy — His Coming Among Us — Preaching in Lawrenceburg— A Great Victory in a Hard Place— His Brilliant Effort at a Camp-meeting near Harrison on the White Water— The Fame Thereof— He Visits a Camp-meeting near Greensburg, Indiana— His Personal Appearance—His Sermon on Sabbath— Majestic Oratory— Its Effects— What Rev. James Havens Said of it— What Hon. Tom Dowling Said— No Minister could Follow Him — Visits the Conference — Preaches Early in the Session — Captivates the Whole Conference— His Strange Text, but Clear, Grand Argument and Overpowering Eloquence — Goes to Vevay Ct.— Continues Half the Year— The Curtain Drops— Exit the Brilliant Man 52

CHAPTER VI— Rev. James Havens

His Nativity — An Untitled Man — Old Sorrell — Personal Appearance— His Hair — His Eyes — His Voice — His Strength and Courage — His Sermon at a Camp-meeting in Rushville Ct., 1831— His Text — How Chosen — Effect of Sermon — Infidels Tremble — Saints Rejoice — Holds a Camp-meeting in Military Park, Indianapolis, Fall of 1836 — Encounter with David Buckhardt — How He Brought the Desperado to Justice — Scene in the Magistrate's Office — Terrific Struggle — Preaches Next Morning — His Text — His Victory over all Enemies — A Tornado at the Camp-meeting at Knightstown — His Heroic and Noble Conduct in that Frightful Scene — His Character— Last Sickness and Death — Burial, etc 59

CHAPTER VII— Mrs. Esther Smith

A Native of Connecticut— Came in 1800 with her Husband to Kentucky- Member of the Baptist Church— Removal to Indiana in 1820— Joined the Methodist Church in 1828. Her Exemplary Life— Its Effects on her Family— Her Only Son, a Minister— Her Methods to bring him to Christ —The Bible, her Chief Study— A Lover of the Beautiful and Sublime— Love of Isaiah and Psalms of David, of Milton's Paradise Lost and Hervey's Mutations among the Tombs-Her Industry and Hospitality- Last Sev.ro Sickness and Holy Triumph over Fear and Death 74

CHAPTER VIII-A Camp-Meeting

Pleasur^of Memory-Sorrows Writtenin the Sand-Joys Eternal-Campnear 01,1 Wesley Chapel-Meeting Progresses Favorably-Sabbath, a Day Never

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Xvii

to be Forgotten— Slain of the Lord Many— Mr. W. and his Two Daughters — A Young Lady Weeping Finds Her Sister in the same Condition — The Father Consulted — Result— Speaking Meeting at Altar — Remarkable Scene— Mr. W. D.— His Dream— A Slain Family— What Followed— Lydia Hawes — A Storm of Praise — Scene in Preacher's Tent — Sister Eliza Richmond— A Lunch Turned to Laughter, then into Praise — Results of Meeting — The Parting, etc 80

CHAPTER IX— Miss Lydia Hawes

Born in Kentucky — First Appearance in Indianapolis — Her Singing in Old Wesley Chapel — Its Effects — Her Personal Appearance — Traits of Character—Brilliant Imagination — Meek, Glorying only in the Cross — Outward Apparel — Never Married — Consecrated only to Christ — Conversational Powers — Ready Wit — Example — Her Faith in God — Fasting— Her Great Power in Revivals — Her Presence Everywhere in Demand — Elements of Power — Glowing Language— Sweetness of Song — Superior to Orpheus and the Sirens — Its Effect on Outsiders — Tragic Effect of Singing, ' ' When for Eternal Worlds we Steer, " etc. — Her Last Appearance in Class — Sickness — Death, etc 91

CHAPTER X— Miss Mary Louisa Chitwood

Her Nativity — Her Rising Fame as a Poetess— Her Literary Character — Her Christian Character — Vein of Melancholy— Patience— Resignation — High Eulogy of George D. Prentice — Lines on Her Death by Coats Kinney — Beautiful Tributes— Specimens of Her Poetry— The Old Still House — Henry S. Dane— Her Beautiful Poem on a " Sleeping Child, " and ' ' We Change not but in Dying " — Her Early Death and Burial 103

CHAPTER XI— Miss Jennie Tinsley

Her Irish birth — Comes to America — Settles in Cincinnati, thence to Indianapolis—Conversion— Higher Life — Prepares for Missionary Work in India — Appointed by Woman's For. Mis. Soc. — Sails for India — Voyage — Arrives at Bombay — Feelings at first View of the Strange Land — Lucknow. — The Ganges — The Himalayas — The Suttee — The Juggernaut — Failing Health— Visits Ceylon— Returns to India— Shah Je Han Pore — Her Marriage to Dr. Waugh— Barreilly — Cawnpore — Eurasian Population— Custom of Heathen Women — Bathing in the Ganges— Rev. W. Taylor's Work — Beautiful Scenery of India — Its History — Lord Olive at Plassey — Language — Habits and Religion of the Nation — South India Conference— North India Conference — Prospects of Christianity there 114

CHAPTER XII— Rev. Ling Ching Ting

A Mongolian — His Conversion — His License to Preach — Connection with Indiana Conference— His Preaching at a Chinese Bazaar— Was Dragged by a Mob and Whipped— Returns to Bazaar— Preaches Again, is Again Seized

2* xviii TABLE OF CONTENTS.

and Whipped— Preaches Again and Protected by Mandarin—His Eloquence and Power as a Preacher— His Death— Testimony of Bishop Harris- Greatness of China — The Flowery Kingdom — Customs of the People — Chinese Language— Confucius— Fo Hi Kingdom Founded 2650 Years before Christ— Spoken and Written Language — Buddhism — Worshiping Ancestors— Character of the People — Opium War— Ports of Entry— Progress of Christianity — Problem of Chinese Immigration — Treaties with France, England and the United States, etc 126

CHAPTER XIII— Miss Julia Spare

Her Nativity — Early Conversion— Serious Childhood — Strong Religious Conviction— Education — Medical Studies and Graduation — Consecration to the Missionary Work — Call to China — Letter to her Mother — Farewell Missionary Meeting in Indianapolis — Leaves Muncie — Parting Words — Letter of her Sister, Miss Belle Sparr — Spirit of Martyrdom — Constraining Love of Christ — Sails for China — Voyage — Arrival at Foo Chow— Description of Foo Chow — Her Feelings in the Midst of Strangers — Letter to her Friends in America — Scenery of China — Analysis of her Character 138

CHAPTER XIV— Rev. Daniel De Motte

English Aphorism — Activities — Not a Cataline or Bourbon — Independent Manners — Modes of Preaching and Travel— A Sermon — Rides a Mule to Conference — Amusing Joke— Bob — Baalam's Ass — Bro. De Motte's Manner on Conference Floor — Nativity— Conversion— An Astonished Neighbor— Removes to Indiana— Licensed to Preach— Joins Conference — Appointments— Agency of Indiana Asbury University — Of Pr. A. Soc. —Superannuation— Last Sickness and Death— Mrs. DeMotte— Children and Grandchildren— Resume of his Character— Characteristics of a Bishop 153

CHAPTER XV— The Great Revival

Changes in Forty Years— Nature of Revival— Valley of Dry Bones— Condition of Indianapolis Forty-one Years ago— Churches— Streets— Mud— A Preparatory Official Meeting— Resolutions— Fasting— Low State of the Church-The Revival Begins— Difficulties Overcome-Omens of Gopd— Reconciliation— Business Suspended- All Worked-But little Preaching- Fire Company-Men and Women-Mode of Conducting the Meetings -The Whole House a Mercy Seat-An Act of Bold, DaringFaith-What (ailed it Forth-Power of DarknosR-nocfe fruto-The Result-Stepping out mto Empty Space-Morning Meetings-Their Happy Results-Whole Families Converted-Vcnerable Names-Moral Foundations Laid on which Indianapolis Methodism now Rests 166

CHAPTER XVI-Rev. James Jones, of Rising Sun. Hi. Saxon ; Birth-Herefordshire, England-Poor Opportunities-Removal to Amenca-ALprenticeship at Baltimore-Accident-Removal "ohl.!

TABLE OF CONTENTS. xix

Lost in the Desert— Happy Conversion — First effort at Exhortation — Licensed to Preach — First Sermon — Results— Received into Ohio Conference— First Circuit — Camp-meeting at Dodridges— Forces an Infidel to Pray — Throws him to the Ground, Holds him fast till Converted — Heavy Labors— Poor Pay— Forced by Necessity to Locate— Goes to New Orleans— Success There— Re-enters Conference— Great Success— Strange Proceedings at Vevay — Written Covenant— His Superannuation— Death — General Character and Personal Appearance 181

CHAPTER XVII— Rev. Edwin Ray

Place of Birth — Conversion — Parentage — Call to the Ministry — Kentucky Conference— Transfers — Vincennes — Bloomington — Indianapolis — Madison — Old Wesley Chapel — Entertaining Strangers — Angels in Disguise — A Quarterly Meeting at Needham's — Mr. Ray Preaches — His Text — The Sermon — Effect on Author — Williamson Terrell — Mr. Ray's Appearance — Style of Preaching — Ministry at Madison — Bearing— Declining Health — Superannuation—Call to Terre Haute — Success there — Re-appointed to TerreHaute — His Last Labors — Starts for Conference — Is Stricken Down by Disease on the Way — Dies — His Dying Testimony — Burial — His Funeral Sermon by Rev. John Strange — Before Conference — Solemn Scene — Galaxy of Bright Stars — Rich Cluster in the Crown of the Redeemer — " Thanatopsis " 199

CHAPTER XVIII— Mr. John Lock, a Blind Man

A Great Revival at Old Wesley Chapel, New Albany, in 1839 — Mr. Lock's First Appearance at Church — Personal Appearance — Comes to the Altar of Prayer — What Arrested his Attention — The Text — The Sermon — Wrestles in Prayer — Wants Light — Converted on Third Evening — Strange and Affecting Appearance — What he Said — Joins Church — Gropes between Two Black Walls — His Cburch Probation of Six Months and his Life End Together— Last Sickness — What he Saw the Night he Died — What he Said —A Light on the Wall 211

APPENDIX.

CHAPTER I.— The Soul — Its Essence, Faculties and Destination

Various Theories — Epicurus — Plato— Pythagoras— Socrates — Errors of Philos ophy — Matter not Destructible - Spirit not Essentially Immortal — What is Space, Matter, or Spirit? — Descartes— Braminism — The Schools of Arabia — Job — Solomon — Paul — How does the Soul Communicate with Matter ? — Curious History of Laura Bridgman — Theory of Dr. Reid— Prof. Stewart — Phenomenon of Sleep 221

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

XX

CHAPTER II— Human Depravity

The Subject Stated and Defi ned-Proofs of Depravity Found in the Natural Laws of Creation-Adam's First-born- History of the Race Belo«tbe Flood-After the Flood-Universal Corruption - Testimony ofMose David-The Prophets-Diogenes-Picture of the Heathen-of the Jew None Good-Wesley and Clarke on the ^^-^^^J^" Their Relation to Redemption-Proofs of their Depravity-Fletcher s AP peal-Testimony of the Churches-Socinianism, etc -

CHAPTER III— The Christian Scriptures

W„ I ink in the Chain Between the Apostolic Age and that of the Early Fatherfwantin^-The Nile, its Source-The Case Applied-The Fathers, Ignatl Polycarp, Irenes, Tertullian, Justin Martyr, etc.- Progress and vtto'iesot the Church-Conversion of Emperor Constantine -Council of N ce-King Tiridates, and Court of Armenia-The Goths-Bishop Uttla- SltDy Conquers, not by Material Forces, but by Purity and Truth^ —Splendors of Intellect

CHAPTER IV-History or the English Translations of the Bible from the Origin *l Tongues

Close Connection between the Old and New Testaments-History of the Jewish Scriptures-By whom Written-Ezra's Work-The Targums -The Talmud-The Septua'gint-Jerome's Vulgate -Wickliffe's *»nBlatton-Hui Death-His Character-Ashes Exhumed and Thrown m the .Thame - Tyndale's Translation-His Martyrdom-Coverdale's Translation -Bishops' Bible-Douay Bible-King James' Bible-The Translators-How Chosen-How Divided into Companies-Royal Instructions-Grand Result- Seldon and Clarke's Testimony-Its Rapid Publication-Its Effect on Sci-^ ence and Civilization

CHAPTER V— The Christian Sabbath

Argument upon the Nature of the Decalogue -Was it Transferred to the Christian System? -Teaching of Christ and PauJ-The Fourth Command —Did it Possess the Nature of Moral Law ?-The Sabbath Not a Jewish Ceremonial— Ordained for Man, all Men, in all Ages— Authority for Changing the Sabbath from the Seventh to the First Day of the Week— Christ's hxample, also that of the Apostles and Early Church— Testimony of JuBtin Martyr— The Christian Sabbath a Day of Rest, Spiritual and Physical — Not Subject to Human Legislation — Example of France — Terrible KeHults— Goddess of Reason— Death an Eternal Sleep— Bible Degraded and Burned 279

CHAPTER VI— Women Preachers

The Male and Female a Duality in Creation — In Marriage — Woman's Rights — Meaning of the Word "Normal" — Varies in Different Countries and DiHponsatious— Her Talents and Fitness to Preach — Joel's Prophecy —

TABLE OF CONTENTS. xxi

Paul's Teaching — Jealousy not to Interfere — Case of Queen Vashti — Counsel of Memucan— Woman, without Man, the Mother of Christ; why then Forbid her the Eight to Preach the Gospel of her own Son ? — "Women Successful in all Departments of Society— Queens Esther, Mary, Anne, Victoria, and Others — The Age of Dollship Departing — Reason Begun 290

CHAPTER VII — Geology vs. The Mosaic Record of Creation

The Deluge— Proofs of it from many Geologic Discoveries — Rocks, Fossils aud other Remains — Proofs from History, from Mythology and General Tradition— The Cosmogony — Six Days' Creation — Geologic Periods — Slow Processes— Hebrew Meaning of Day— Man's Creation — Earth's Adaptation to Him, its Lord and Ruler — Darwinian Development 299

CHAPTER VIII— Christian Holiness— A Review

Introductory Remarks — Zinzendorf — Moravians — References to Abraham, Hannah, and Others Considered — A Critique on Passages from the New Testament — Christ a Complete Savior — The Comparative Degree— The Growth of Holiness Considered in the Light of Scripture — Christ's Illustrations— Evidences from St. Peter — The Second Blessing — what is it ? — Wesley's Teaching 310

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF REV J. C. SMITH.

BY REV- VIRGIL W- TEVIS.

It matters little when or where a man was born except to notice the surroundings through which he came to man's estate, and by them determine the praise or censure due him for the cultivation or neglect of his opportunities. From the most unfavorable surroundings have come the brightest mental and spiritual lights of the age, while occasionally the genealogy of ordinary men may be traced to a most respectable and talented parentage, and advantageous and fortunate surroundings. A man's life demonstrates beyond a peradventure his industry in the accumulation of the germs sown in his golden opportunities, and the fruits of his labor are evidence of his qualification for his appointed work. Of the opportunities of his earlier life, and his appreciation and cultivation of them, this sketch of the life of Rev. J. C. Smith will demonstrate. The reader is left to his own conclusions of the praise or censure due Mr. Smith, after he has conned these pages, which purpose briefly to sum up his life's work from his birth to the golden sunset in which he now sits waiting for the final summons.