The History of the Bunker Hill Monument Association during the first century of The United States of America. ... With illustrations

Front matter

The History OF THE Bunker Hill Monument Association DURING Cl)e JTttst Century OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. BY GEORGE WASHINGTON WARREN, I.ATK PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION. MONUMENTS THEMSELVES MEMORIALS NEED. aJSitlj Ellugtrations BOSTON: JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY, (Late Ticknor and Fields, and Fields, Osgood, and Company). M.DCCC.LXXVII. In. U. S. A. CI. Copyright secured, January, 1877, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, by G. Washington Warren. Cambridge : Press of John Wilson and Sou. TO Clie iWemorp OF DANIEL AVEBSTER. EDWARD EVERETT, THOMAS HANDASYD PERKINS, JOHN COLLINS AVARREN, AND WILLIAM TUDOR THE PRINCIPAL ORIGINATORS OF THE BUNKER HILL MONUMENT OF HENRY ALEXANDER SCAMMELL DEARBORN, AND A\rILLIAM SULLIVAN, their chief co-ad.iutors OF AMOS LAAVRENCE and JUDAH TOURO, WHO ADDED THEIR NOKLK DONATIONS To THE MEANS RAISED BY THE WOMEN OF THE COUNTRY FOR ITS COMPLETION IN 184"; ALSO, OF NATHANIEL POPE RUSSELL, THE FAITHFUL TREASURER, AND SOLOMON WILLARD, THE DEVOTED ARCHITECT, Æfiis ifc-Jumblc fflnnorial OF THEIK IMPERISHABLE WORK IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. 1877.

Preface

. r I E first present the author remembers ever to have received was one of those hand somely engraved diplomas of the Bunker Hill Monu ment Association, bearing his name in full, set in a gilt frame, and hung in the parlor, — a paternal gift to a boy of eleven years. Born at the foot of Bunker Hill, and often in childhood having rambled over the battle-field while yet a pasture, he naturally felt a personal interest in the completion of the undertaking of the Association, and, having been early chosen into its directory, he was prompted to labor for it. He was requested by Mr. Webster to prepare an account of the first two great celebrations on Bunker Hill, to accompany his orations in a proposed republication. This he undertook to do; but, when afterwards Mr. Everett kindly assumed the editorship of all the works of the great Statesman, no other hand was required.

Subsequently the author has been frequently requested to prepare a History of the Association, embracing the noteworthy events, and giving a summary of the labors, the difficulties, and the triumphs it has experienced. b

PREFACE.

. IV When first elected Secretary, he found scarcely any of the original papers on file. By continuous search and inquiries, he has been able to collect, during the last forty years, from the descendants or family friends of the prominent founders, a large mass of scattered material. The newspapers of the period have supplied many details. Some of the matter quoted is of a trivial character, and some of a high order : taken together, it may serve as an index of the times of the former generations, and may help to give a nearer view of the eminent men Avho figured in them. Acknowledgments are due to Mr. Ernest Edwards of London, now with J. R. Osgood & Company, the inventor of the heliotyping process, Avho has found out the way to multiply copies of the photograph in a durable form, — an art superior to the art of printing, as it reproduces the exact text and every form of facsimile illustration.

An attempt has been made to prepare a com plete Table of Contents of this Yolume, so as to supersede the necessity of an Index, by denoting the different topics treated on each page in course. The reader, in consulting it, may see at a glance the order in which the different divisions of the work are set out, and may readily find any par ticular to which he may wish to advert. The placing of reference notes at the bottom of the

PREFACE.

. Vll page has been avoided, as it has seemed the better way to incorporate into the text what is intended to be read in connection, so that the attention need not be distracted nor the symmetry of the page be marred. Pains have been taken to present to the public a book, which, at least in its typographical appearance and in all those acces sories which attract the eye, shall be worthy of those distinguished characters whose extraordinary labors in building onr noblest National Monument have made an historical record thereof desirable. It was at first intended to append a list of the principal contributors to the Monument, but it was found difficult to fix fairly upon the lowest sum, the donors of which should be distinguished by this honorable mention. The subscription of the pre scribed fee of membership was as generous and patriotic an act on the part of some as that of twenty times the amount or more by others; besides, it was promised in the beginning that the names of all those who should give a single dollar would be preserved in perpetual remembrance.

It may be at some future time within the means of the Asso ciation to print a catalogue of all those who have contributed directly to its funds, a considerable part of which has already been prepared. The names, however, of the original associates, and of all those who have been made members by election, appear in this volume. vin

PREFACE.

. It is hoped that this volume may aid in perpetuating the memory of the founders of this Society, to whom the country's gratitude is due. And if it shall further serve to foster and keep ever alive a profound sentiment of nationality, and an abiding love of the Union which our Fathers bequeathed to us to transmit to posterity, the author will be happy to have done something towards accomplishing one of the leading ob jects of the Bunker Hill Monument Association. Hotel Atend6.me, Boston, Dec. 25, V^^o CONTENTS.

Chapter I

The Battle of Bunker Hill, 1. The Two Great Events connected with it, 3. A\Tashington Commander-in-Chief, 5. The Rebuilding of Charlestown, 6. The First Celebration of the Anniversary of the Battle, 7. King Solomon's Lodge, 9. Address of John Soley, Jr., 10. Act of Legislature for the Preservation of the Masonic Monument, 12. The Re-interment of the Body of Joseph AArarren, and the Exordium of Perez Morton's Eulogy, 13. AVarren's Character, and the Effect of his Death, 14.

Chapter II

James Russell, his Ancestry, and his Son, Thomas Russell, 17. The Russell Pasture, and the Visitors to the Battle-field, 20. Commissary Devens and Thomas Miller; President Dwight's Narration, 21. The Survivors of the Revolution who were the Guides to the Battle-field ; Isaac AVarren, 22. Timothy Thompson and AVilliam Calder, 23. Matters to be explained, 24. Dr. John AVarren's Diary, 25. Prescott, Putnam, and Stark, 26. Last A\rords of General AVarren; the Englishman's Claim, 28. Why the Battle was fought ; Changes, 29. The Centennial Year ; Philadelphia and Bunker Hill ; Boston the Cradle of the Nation, 30.

Chapter III

Excitement caused by General Henry Dearborn's Account, 31. Daniel AVebster's Review of it, 32. General Sumner's Account of Governor Brooks's Visi t to Bunker Hill, 33. Public Attention called to it from this Controversy, by William Tudor; Daniel AVebster and Edward Everett, 36. Thomas Handasyd Perkins, 37. John C. AVarren, 38. CONTENTS. X First Notice of a Meeting to form the Association, 39. The Agree ment to form it, 40. Petition to the Legislature, 42. Act of Incor poration, 44. First Meeting and Officers elected, 45. Additional Members elected, 46. Circular of Committee of Correspondence, 47.

Chapter IV

Governor Brooks, the First President, 49. Nathaniel P. Russell, the Treasurer, 50. AVilliam Tudor, the Secretary ; and Mr. AVebster, acting President; Letter of Caleb Cushing, 52; of Thomas Rotch, and of Daniel Putnam, 53; of Levi AVoodbury; Mr. Everett, and Franklin Dexter, as Secretaries, 54. Mr. Russell's Acknowledgment of Money received from the Washington Benevolent Society, 55. Dr. AVarren's Letter proposing a Dinner of the Directors, 56. Governor Eustis's Reference to the Proposed Monument in his Message, 57. His Death and Unexecuted Purpose, 58. Dr. Chaiining's Letter, 59. Professor Silliman's, 60. Judge AVhite's and Samuel L. Knapp's, 61. AVillard Peck's and AVilliam Crafts', 62. John AVilson's, 63. AVilliam Plumer's, 61. Caleb Stark's, 65. Governor Morril's, 66. Governor Wolcotfs; T. AV. Storrow's, 67. AV. C. Somerville's, 68. Governor Pleasant's, of A7irginia, and Mr. Osgood's, 69. Mr. Gilmer's, of Baltimore, 70.

Chapter V

Discouraging Responses counteracted by Encouraging Letter of Frederic Tudor, 71. Letter of Judge Daggett, 72. Letter of L. Trescott and of Ichabod Bartlett, 73; of Robert G. Shaw, and of James Lloyd, 74; of John Lowell, 75; of Dr. Codman; Com. Bainbridge, 76; of Jon. Goodhue, of New York, 77. Old High Rates of Postage ; a Letter of John McLean, Postmaster-General, 78. Letter of Ichabod Bartlett, 79. Letter of Abbott Lawrence announcing Arrival of Lafayette, 80. Standing Committee issue an Address drawn up by General William Sullivan, 81. The Address, 82. Copies distributed by General Sullivan's Students, 88. General Sullivan transmits to Dr. AVarren Letter of Rufus Dawes, with his Indorsement, 89. Response of Selectmen of Sandisfield and of Dracut, 90; of Manchester, 91. Judge Story's Letter to Mr. Everett, 91. The Judge desires to change Mr. Everett's Opinion, 92.

Chapter VI

Governor Eustis's AVishes; the Desire of the Association for Legislative Aid, 93. Act to aid the Bunker Hill Monument Association, 94. CONTENTS. -\1 Reason for the Grant of State-prison Labor, and for the Authority to take Land, 97. Letter of Mr. AArebster, 98. Purchase of the Land, 99. Correspondence of Mr. Everett with King Solomon's Lodge, 100. Grantors of the Land, and Prices paid, 101. Subscriptions coming in; Certificates of Membership, 102. Letters of Mr. Everett, 103. His Newspaper Article on Small Subscriptions, 105. His Circular in the name of the Directors, 109. General Dearborn's Public Notice, 116. Public Meeting at the Marlborough Hotel, 118. Report of Standing Committee drawn up by Mr. Everett, 119.

Chapter VII

Daniel AVebster elected to deliver the Anniversary Address in 1825, 123. Committee of Arrangements, and Letter of George Ticknor, 121. Letter from Mr. AVebster ; Election of Mr. Everett to Congress; Subscription to a Monument in Concord, 125. Letter of Mr. Everett with regard to it; and Letter of Mr. AVebster as to the Concord Celebration, and about the Part it was proposed that Lafayette should take, 126. Changes in the Direction after the Death of President Brooks, 128. Letter of Daniel Putnam; Vote of the Directors as to the Public Impression that Lafayette would lay the Corner-stone of the Monument, 129. Mr. Everett's Letter in relation to this and other Matters, 130. Proposed Modes of celebrating the Anniversary ; Report of the Committee of Twelve, 131. Report of the Committee on laying the Corner-stone, 135.

Conference with Mr. AVebster as to its being laid in Masonic Form, 136. New Executive Committee for the Celebration; Corner-stone prepared by Captain Paris, who afterwards officiated as the Masonic Architect, 137. The Proposed and the Actual Inscription on the Plate, 138. Articles deposited with it, 139. Mr. Everett's Letter before going to West Point; he prefers the Column for the Form of the Monument, 110. His Letter to Lafayette, 141. Lafayette's Acquiescence as to the Masonic Ceremony; Bunker Hill his Polar-Star in all his Travels; General Sullivan's Invitation to Military Companies for Escort Duty, 142. Prompt Replies of Several Companies, 143. General Lyman reports the Resolutions of the House of Representatives to walk in the Procession, 144. Attendance of the Revolutionary Soldiers; a Place for Josiah Bowers, 145.

The Attendance of the same Chaplain and the Drummer who were in the Battle, and of Great Numbers from the Different States; Charles River Bridge made free for the Day; the Procession, 146. Colonel Samuel Jaques, Chief Marshal ; the Masonic Ceremony; Lafayette's Masonic Apron, CONTENTS. XII 147 PmyerbyRev.M,Thaxter,148. Mr. AVebster speaks, facing the Sun ; his Oration, 149. The Dinner and the Toasts 51. Lafay ette's Toast; Levees in the Evening; Mr. AVebster's Noble Contribu tion of his Address to the Monument Association, 152.

Chapter VIII

John C. AVarren, 153. The Resolutions proposed by him and adopted. 154 The Board of Artists, 155. Reward offered for Best Plan, 156. Letter of Solomon Willard declining to join in the Contest for the Premium, 157. Report of the Board awarding the Premium to Horatio Greenough, 158. Communication from him explaining his Model, and his Reasons for adopting the Obelisk, 159. The Report laid upon the Table, and never acted upon, 160. Mr. Greenough and his Model, 161. Stuart, with a Borrowed Pencil, writes " Adopted" upon it; Amos Lawrence, in his last Letter, gives the Credit to Greenough and Baldwin, 162. Letter of G. AV. Brimmer, Architect, 163. New Committee appointed to report a Plan and Estimates of a Column, and also of an Obelisk ; their Report recommending the Column, 164. The A'ote rejecting it, 167.

New Committee appointed to report a Design in the Form of an Obelisk, 168. Mr. Everett's Letter acquiescing in the Decision, and containing a Toast for the Celebration Dinner, 168. General Dearborn's Letter still urging the Column, 169. Letter of Solomon AA'illard, with Estimates, 171. Honorable Conduct of Dr. AVarren; William Austin's Recommendation, 172. Letter of AVilliam Ladd, the Apostle of Peace, recommending a Mausoleum, 173. The Plan adopted the best for all time and wholly unobjectionable, 178.

Chapter IX

Loammi Baldwin, his Father a Friend of Count Rumford, 179; his Classmates; his Anecdote of his own Experience as a Lawyer; he adopts the Profession of a Civil Engineer, 180. His Brothers in same Profession, 181. His Associates on the Committee upon the Obelisk, and his Method in determining the Proper Proportions, 182. His Report in full, adopted by the Board, 183. His Estimates, 188. The Building Committee; Colonel Baldwin's Letter declining to serve, 190. His Second Letter persisting in declining, 191. The Filling of the \Tacancy , and the Building Committee made the Standing Committee, 194. Purchase of Sword of General AVarren; Depositions of the Revolutionary Soldiers, 195. Failure of the Negotiations with the Town of CONTENTS. XIII Charlestown as to its Purchase of a Right in the Battle-ground; the Training-field, 196.

New Street needed ; Controversy about Taxes, 197. Vote of Thanks to the Treasurer; his Statement, and the Ap propriation of $25,000, for the Monument, 198.

Chapter X

Solomon Willard elected Architect; Dinner at Dr. AVarren's, 199. Letter of Daniel P. Parker, 200. Colonel Perkins's Recommendation of AVillard, 201. AVillard's Training and Ancestry, 201; his Agreement to give his Services for his Expenses merely; his Selection of the Granite for the Monument, 203; his Preparations during the Winter of 1825-26, 201; his Letter announcing he had broken Ground, 205. The Position of the Monument, as intended by the Committee, with reference to the Redoubt; Surveys since made, 206. AVork at the Ledge; State Grant, 207. Mr. Willard's Letter, 208. The First Railroad in the United States suggested by the Projectors of the Monument, 209. First Year's AVork, 210. Gridley Bryant, 211. Colonel Perkins elected President, on the Resignation of Mr. AVebster, 212. Mr. Willard sends in his Resignation; afterwards withdraws it; his Letter to Amos Lawrence, 213.

Money obtained by Loans to forward the Monument, on Bank Notes signed by the Committee and on Pledge of the Land, 214. Suspension of the Work; Mr. Willard's Labors in the Mean Time, 215. The Two Succeeding Prosecutions of the AVork, 216. Mr. AVillard's Judgment in his Choice of Men; the Monument built wholly by Total Abstinence Men ; the Real A'alue of the Monument far above its Actual Cost, 217. Mr. AVillard's Death, 218. Memoir by Mr. AVheildon ; the AVork published by Mr. AVillard describing the Monument, and vindicating the Course of the Directors, 219. The Most Impressive Scene in the Life of AVillard, 220. His Great Service in its Construction; his Claim to the Regard of Posterity assured, 221.

Chapter XI

AA'illiam Sullivan; his Father; his Classmates; his Brother Richard; his own Position, 223. His Letter to Dr. AVarren, 224. Vote of Thanks for his Services; AA'illiam Tudor elected Director; General Sullivan's Criticism upon a Draft of a Letter proposed to be sent to Bolivar, 225. His Letter to Dr. AVarren proposing to close his Agency for the Association, 227. He retracts his Purpose; Effort of the Standing Comc x[y CONTENTS. mittee to obtain New Subscriptions; Letter of Lemuel ȣ. ǣ Thomas Power, 229. Boston had subscribed more than H If the Whole Amount; Letter of Otis Corbet* describing the Situation ., Worcester, 230. Condition of Massachusetts and New England at that Time 231 The Response fully equal to the First Demand, 23l. Ihe Lottery Scheme proposed ; it had been availed of by Harvard College, was then proposed by General Dearborn as a Means to carry on Inter nal Improvements; Leave to sell Tickets for City of Washington asked for "33 J. K. Casey's Scheme; Petition for the Direct Aid of the State preferred instead, 234.

Extract from the Address of General Dearborn, 235. Changes in the Board; Governor Levi Lincoln, Presi dent; the Building Committee, 237. Effort of the Ladies; Judge AVilliam Prescott, President, and other Changes ; a New Petition to the Legislature, 238. Resolutions adopted by the Board, 239. Extract from a New Address of Mr. Everett, 240. The Committee to urge another Petition; the Annual Meeting in 1831, 242. The Anti-Ma sonic Movement, 243. Adjournments to fill Vacancies; the Second Adjournment to Faneuil Hall, 244. By-Laws and Votes adopted, 245. The Annual Meeting in 1832, 246. Ground of the Anti-Masonic Movement, 247. The Part taken by Mr. Paris in laying the Corner stone, 248. Expense of that Celebration, and the Reason for not inviting Lafayette to perform the Ceremony ; the Complaint of having bought too much Land, 250.

Dr. Abner Phelps; Mr. Everett's Plea against selling any of the Land, 251. Extract from it, 252. Regret that the Appeal was not responded to; the Unfinished Monument like a Ruin, and as if awaiting the Result of Attempted Nullification, 253.

Chapter XII

Amos Lawrence's Birth; his Father Samuel, a Minute-man; Groton Academy, 255. The Success of Amos Lawrence; his Partnership with Abbott Lawrence ; his Great Philanthropy, 256. His Letter to Dr. AVarren, 257. The Reply, 258. He will not bargain with himself, 259. His Letter to Willard, 260. To General Sullivan ; he refuses to favor a Lottery; induces his Associates on the Committee to join him in a Loan to aid the Monument, 261. Letter and Proposition to the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, 262. Honorable Standing of this Society, 263 Committee of Directors to confer with it as to Officers ; the Great Meeting in Faneuil Hall, 264. George Blake, Colonel Greene, and Mr. Everett, 265. He made the Occasion; his Speech, 266. Its Effect; Mr. Lawrence regrets the Opportunity CONTENTS.

XV was not improved, 267. Enlargement of the Board at the Annual Meeting in 1833, 268. Mr. Everett's Letter to Mr. Sullivan as to New Diploma, and to obtaining a Share in the Tolls of the Bridges for the Monument, 269. His Newspaper Article advising the Public to go over the Old Bridge to help on the Monument; General Austin's Objection to a Diversion of the Tolls, 271. Executive Committee, 272. Their Report, 273. Mr. AVillard objects to their raising the Estimates; Mr. Darracott compliments Mr. AAlllard, 275. Mr. Buckingham's Report, 276. Proposed Reduction in the Height of the Monument; AVork re commenced; Amount expended; Mr. Buckingham made President; Mr. AVatts, Secretary; Celebration in Charlestown; Alexander H. Everett's Oration, 278. Effort of the Young Men, 279. Conditional Sale of the Land; the Square reduced; Depressed Financial State of the Country, 280.

Preparations to grade the Land ; the Last Effort to save it, 281. Amos Lawrence's Will; General Lyman; Nathan Tufts; Joshua Bates, and A. L. Forrestier, 282. Judah Touro and his Friend R. D. Shepherd, 283. The Monument waiting for AVroman's Help to elevate it, 284.

Chapter XIII

Sarah J. Hale's Effort; Extract from her First Article, 285. The Last of the Band, 287. Mrs. Sigourney's Co-operation; Reply of General Dearborn, Chairman of Committee, to Airs. Hale's Offer, 288. The Objectors to the Plan, 289. Resolutions of the Directors, 290. The Ladies' Circular, 291. The Result, and Mrs. Hale's View of it, 293. Annual Meetings in 1839 and in 1840; the President's Desponding Report, 294. The Vote passed Authorizing the Fair, 295. The Fair Committee and the AVomen set to Work, 296. Proposals for completing the Monument called for; the Time appointed for the Fair; the AVhig Mass Convention, 297. Opening of the Fair, 298. Regulations, 299. "The Monument" Paper; the Post-office, 300. The AVhig Procession ; Mr. AVebster Declines to propose a AA'hig Subscription for the Monument; Honor to Judah Touro, 301.

Mrs. Paige's Subscription Book; Contract for Completing the Monument; the Building Committee; why a Contract was made, 302. The use of Steam Power in hoisting the Stone; Proposed Change of Plan of the Apex, 303. The Record of the Laying of the Cap-stone, 304. Receipts from the Fair, 305. Expenditures, 306. Thomas Sully's Letter; Payment by Miss Mary Otis, Treasurer ; Report of the Fair Committee, 307. Resolutions of the Directors, 309. Treasurer's Abstract of Recent CONTENTS. XVI Donations ; Resolutions of Thanks to Mr. Touro, and providing for an Inscription, 311. Mrs. Hale's Subsequent Efforts for the Annual Ob servance of a National Thanksgiving, 312. Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis's Influence in Making the 22d of February a State Holiday, 313. The Mission of the AVomen of the Country, 314.

Chapter XIV

Joseph T. Buckingham, President, 315. His and the Secretary's call on Mr. AVebster, 316. Committee of Arrangements for the Celebration of June 17, 1843, 317. Entry of the President of the United States into Boston; the Morning of the 17th, 318; the Procession, under General Chandler, 319; the Perfect Order during the Day; Arrangements for the Public Services under James AV. Paige, Chief-Marshal, 320. The Prayer; Mr. AVebster presented to the Audience: the Occasion fully equal to that of 1825; his Oration, 321. The Echo " over the Globe; " Dr. AVarren's opinion, 322. Return of the Procession ; the New Procession to the Dinner in Faneuil Hall ; the first Toast and Hymn, 323. Other Toasts; the Toast of the President of the United States; Toast in Honor of Mr. AVebster, 324. His Reply; Toast to South Carolina and Massachusetts, 325.

Mr. Bancroft's Speech and Toast in Honor of Virginia, 326. Mr. Upshur's Response, 327. Mr. AVickliffe's Reference to the Old South, 328. Caleb Cushing's Sentiments; Toast to Mr. Everett, and his Letter, 329. Amos and Judah, 330. Concluding Sentiments; Levee in the Evening, 331. Changes near Monument Square; the two Historical Paintings, 332. Death of II. S. Legare, 333. Death of Captain Cleveland, 334. Mr. Grattan's Letter, 335. The Masonic Celebration, 336. Address of John Soley, 337. Grand Master Peabody; Extract of Mr. AVarren's Address on the Part of King Solomon's Lodge, 338. Doings of the Building Committee and their Report, 340. Improvements of the Square; Mr. AATarren elected President, and Joseph II. Buckingham Secretary, 312. Resolutions of the Association; Celebration by the City of Charlestown; Presen tation of General Putnam's Sword, 343.

Death of N. P. Russell, Treasurer, and Election of Samuel H. Russell ; Committee for the Celebration of the 75th Anniversary, 344. "Mr. Everett the Orator; the Use of a Ship-house in the Navy Yard obtained, Colonel I. H. AV right Chief Marshal, 315. The Governor orders out the Cadets; the Procession; the Appearance of the Ship-house, 316. Mr. Ever- CONTENTS. XVII ett's Oration, 347. The Dinner, 348. The Toasts of Mr. AVebster and Mr. Winthrop; Colonel Perkins's Subscription of $1,000 for a Monument to General AVarren, 349. A Statue determined upon; the Committee; the Sculptor; Arrangements for the Inauguration of the Statue, 350. The Inauguration Services; Death of Colonel Perkins, 351. The Example he set; the Published Account of this Celebration; the Theme on Bunker Hill, 352.

Chapter XV

Visit of the Prince of AVales to Bunker Hill ; the Invitation and Reception, 353. His Visit to the Historical Society; President Winthrop shows him the Crossed Swords; the Attentions of Mayor Lincoln; the Letter to the Prince, accompanying the Memento of his Visit, 355. Letter of the Duke of Newcastle, 356. Of General Bruce, 357. Second Letter, 358. The Queen and the People of England favored the Cause of the United States; the Error of the Seceding States, 359. The Reason for the Displaying of the Flag from the Top of the Monument, 360. Services of that Ceremony; Extract from the President's Address to the Governor, 361. From Governor Andrew's Reply, 262. The Enthusiasm of the Assembly, 363. Colonel Fletcher AVebster's Remarks; his Heroic Death, 364. Names of others connected with the Association, or its Founders, who died in the Civil AV ar; the Efforts of the Association; President's Remarks in 1862; Mr. AA'inthrop indorses them, 365.

The Faith in the Ultimate Issue, as shown in the Prosecution of Public AA'orks and by Congress; the Committee on the Beacon Hill Monument, 366. The Act authorizing the Association to rebuild it, 367. The Last Display of the Flag from the Mast above the Monument ; a Liberty Pole erected on the Square; its Removal, 368. Arrangements for the Centennial Anniversary; Choice of Orator; the Union of Charlestown and Boston ; Appropriation of the City Council ; Petition that the 17th of June be declared a Legal Holiday, 369. Its Result; the Two Publications in relation to the Celebration; the Procession, 370. Services in the Pavilion; the Oration, 371. The Encomium upon it by the late Vice-President AVilson; Concluding Services; the Grand Lodge of Masons, and the Masonic Aprons of General Warren and Lafayette ; the Contrast between 1875 and 1825, 372. The Prophecy of Lafayette's Toast; the Unexpected Abolition of Slavery, and its Glorious Result, 373. CONTENTS. XVIII

Chapter XVI

The Bunker Hill Monument a Type of the National Unity ; Mr. Webster's Patriotism, 375. The Committee on Inscriptions; the Aracancies in it filled, 376. Drafts of Inscriptions by Francis C. Gray and George Ticknor, 377. Letter of Mr. Gray, 378. Draft by Franklin Dexter, 379. Report of Mr. Everett to the Committee, 380. The Inscriptions recommended by him, 381. Meeting of the Committee; Mr. AVebster's Suggestion, 3S4. Report of the Committee, and the Result, 385. The Proposed Granite Lodge; Plan of George M. Dexter and of AV. S. Park; Repairs and Expenditures by Sub-Committee; George Peabody's Donation, 386. History of the Revolutionary Cannon, the Hancock and Adams, 3S7. The Streets to the Monument, 389. The Proposed New Avenue and Statue of Governor Winthrop, 390. Present Valuation of the Land sold by the Association, and of the Buildings thereon, 391.

The New Secretaries, S. F. McCleary and A. C. Fearing, Jr. ; the New Diploma, 392. The Roll of Officers; Mr. Everett; the Russells; Mr. Tudor; General Dearborn; Mr. AVinthrop, 393. Uriel Crocker; T. R. Marvin ; Honorary Members ; Annual Meeting in 1875, 394; Mr. Frothingham elected President; Vote of Thanks to the Retiring President; Committee on a Statue of Colonel Prescott; other AVork to be done, 395. The Great Pendulum Experiment of Foucault, made at the Monument in 1850, 390. A New Phenomenon discovered by Professor Horsford, and his Account of it, 399. Bunker Hill the Place to show that the Earth moves, 401. The Monumental Dedication 402 MEMORABILIA. IN memoriam. Resolutions upon the Death of N. P. Russell and of Daniel AVebster, 405. Delegation to attend Mr. AVebster's Funeral ; Notices of the Death of Amos Lawrence and Robert G. Shaw, 406; of Thomas B. Wales, David Francis, Judah Touro, and Mr. Everett's Letter upon the Death of Dr. John C. Warren, 407.

Resolution upon the same CONTENTS. XIX and upon the Death of Abbott Lawrence, of David Devens, and of Franklin Dexter, 409. Resolution upon the Death of George AV. Otis; Notices of Benjamin Loring and James Clark, 410. Enumera tion of the Notices and Resolutions published in the " Proceedings," 411. AA'inslow Lewis and Thomas Aspinwall, 412. roll of officers. Presidents and Vice-Presidents, 413. Secretaries, 414. Treasurers, Standing Committee, and Vice-Presidents ex officio, 415. Directors, 416. Anniversary Celebrations, 419. Chaplains at Annual Meetings, 420. Honorary Members, 421. Associate Members, 423. Subscribers to the Statue of General AA'arren, 427. ILLUSTRATIONS. fsttflrabtitfls. Battle of Bunker Hill Frontispiece. Joseph AVarren Facing 1 Daniel AArEBSTER >i 31 Thomas II. Perkins n 49 Edward Everett >> »1 John Collins AVarren .i 153 The Obelisk upon a Platform ,, 179 Amos Lawrence „ 255 Robert Charles AAriNTHROP ,, 353 Uriel Crocker ,, 394 Edward Everett, as he appeared in delivering the Address on AVashington ,, 405 p-jdtotgpcs.

Letter of Daniel AVebster Facing viii Masonic Monument, and New Inscription .... ,, 17 Letter of John Marshall and Superscription . . ,, 78 ,, ,, Thomas Jefferson ,, 93 The First Diploma ,, 102 Letter of Lafayette ,, 123 Model by Horatio Greenough ,, 162 Section of Monument, with Measurements and Stages of Progress ,, 199 Nathaniel Pope Russell 223 Sarah Josepha Hale 285 Tables at the Ladies' Fair i 298 Mr. Russell's Letter to Amos Lawrence .... ,, 311 Daniel AVebster (from Pope's Historical Painting) . . ,, 315 Letter of Edward Everett 350 Bunker Hill Monument and Square 375 Mr. AVebster's Draft of Votes with Mr. Everett's Indorsement 335 Letter of James Madison Following 422 James Monroe ,, ,, AVilliam Bainbridge ,, ,, James Kent ,, ,, Robert Y. Hayne ,, ,, Henry Clay XX xx I S T ORY OF THE BUNKER HILL MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. ♦

Chapter I

" Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori." THE Battle of Bunker Hill, on the seventeenth of June, 1775, is one of those rare and signal events whose historic importance is constantly enhanced by the lapse of time and by the growth and spread of our country. As the United States of America advances in the scale of nations, the first great conflict in the American Revolution assumes a grandeur proportioned to its magnificent results. The resistance in Lexington and Concord, on the preceding 19th of April, to the incursion of the military forces sent from Boston by the British com mander to seize the military stores provided by the provincial authorities, was a simultaneous uprising of the inhabitants of those places and of the surround ing towns, started by the minute-men and patriots who were on the alert to watch and guard against the suspected movement.