Private Journal of a voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and residence at the Sandwich Islands, in the years 1822, 1823, 1824, and 1825

Front matter

PRIVATE JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. AND RESIDENCE AT THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. IN THE YEARS 1822, 1823, 1824, AND 1825. BY C. S. STEWART, f.ATF MISSIONARY AT THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. NEW-YORK: IOHN V. HAVEN, 142 NASSAU-STREET 1828. SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW-YORK, ss. Be it remembered, that on the 29th day of December, A. D. 1827, in the fifty-second year of the Independence of the United States of America, C. S. Stewart, of the said district, hath deposited in this office, the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit : " Private Journal of a Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and Residence at the Sandwich Islands, in the years 1822, 1823, 1824, and 1825. By C. S. Stewart, late Missionary at the Sandwich Islands." In conformity to the Act of Congress of the United States, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the time therein mentioned ;" and also, to an Act, entitled, " An Act, supplementary to an Act, entifled an Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof to lhe arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints."

FRED. I. BETTS, Clerk ofthe Southern District of New-York. height & George, Printers, Jamaica, L. Iro THE HONOURABLE SAMUEL LEWIS SOUTHARD. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY OP THE UNITED STATES. HEAR SIK, The Journal, now committed to the press, was originall) written, for the perusal of yourself and a few other intimate friends. I avail myself, with great pleasure, of the opportunity afforded by its publication, to acknowledge my gra titude for your friendship, at a period of life, when the guardianship of the wise is most essential. To the confi dence, affection, and counsel received from you, in my early youth, 1 attribute benefits to myself of the highest value — benefits, which must ever make your name and character, dear to the best feelings of, Your sincere Friend, Charles Samuel Stewart

ADVERTISEMENT.

Chapter I

Pass Montauk Point, and lose sight of Block Island — Gale in the Gulf Stream — First Sabbath at sea — Speak the ship Penn — Thoughts on Missions — Arrangement of time — Moonlight at sea — Visit the ship Winslow — Crews of American whale ships — Blackfish — Manner of taking whale — Pass the Cape de Verd Islands — Scene after a squall — The Dolphin — its beauty when dymg — Water Spout — Phosphoretic Light — its cause ........ 27

Chapter II

Cross the equator— Slave ship— Flyingfish— Beauty of the weather — Speak ship Hebe — Alarming squall — Gale off the Rio de la Plala — interesting incident at its close — Whale — Reach the Brazil Banks — Preparations for Cape Horn — Make Staten Land, and arrive off the Cape . 48

Chapter III

Cape Horn, and passage round — Seriousness of the crew — Speak the brig Tiber — Beauty ol the sky off Peru — A Sabbath at sea — A sailor's definition of faifh — Monthly concert of prayer — Make the Island of Hawaii — Evening scene ......... 64

Chapter IV

Morning view of Hawaii— First visit from the Islanders — Sail by Maui — Tahurawe — Ranai and Morokai — their distant appearance — Make the Island of Oahu — its beauty — Anchor off the port of Honoruru — Visit on shore, and interview with the Missionaries — Worship at the Mission Chapel — Excursion to Waititi — Native costume — Thames enters the harbour — Presentation of the reinforcement to the CONTENTS. Page. king and chiels — Description of the palace, and various high chiefs — Historical notice of King Taumuarii — The Prime Minister Karaimoku — Visit of the king to the Thames — His letter to Captain Clasby — Services of the first Sabbath — Establishment on shore — Departure of the Thames . . .79 RESIDENCE AT THE ISLANDS.

Chapter V

Festival in honour of Tarn ehameha— Car of Tamehamaru — Feat of Pauahi — Prince and Princess — Songs and dances — Hints on the native language — Examples in orthography and orthoepy — Peerage of Hawaii — Significance of names — Unnatural affinity ol the chiefs — Government — Revenue of the king — Resources of the chiefs — their personal appearance — customs — manners — chess — habrtations — households — employment of time, and moral character . . . 10*

Chapter VI

State of the common people— Taro— its nature and manner of cultivation — Native cooking — Poe — manner of making and eating it — Occupations of the men — Manufacture of natrve cloth — its varieties and colours — Manufacture of mats — General character of the common people — Foreign residents — their influence — Visits to Kaahumanu and ICapiolani — Chief women of rank — Scenes on the Sabbath — Supper of the king — Designation to Lahaina, on the Island ofMaui 136

Chapter VII

Voyage to Maui— Arrival at Lahaina— View from the anchorage — Reception of Mr. Butler, an American resident — First Sabbath at Maui — Commencement of instruction — Kindness of Karaimoku and Keopuolani — Description of Lahaina — Practicability of Missions — Native manner of building — Hura-hura, or native dance — Custom of conferringnames — Reflections onthe general aspect of things at Lahaina— Erection ofa chapel — Arrival of Riho-Riho — His revelry — Scene at evening prayers — Decision of Christian character in Keopuolani — Presentation of a tax to Riho-Riho Case of opthalmia — Conversations on the Sabbath— Occupation ofthe Mission House — Arrival of chiefs — Description ol CONTENTS. 11 Page. the tutui-tree and torches of the nut — Dedication of the chapel 169

Chapter VIII

Illness of Keopuolani— Custom of wailing — Auna, a Tahitian Chief and Missionary — Death ofa foreigner by drowning — Arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Ellis — Customary outrages at the death of a high chief- — Alarm occasioned by the fainting of the queen — her baptism — deaUi and character — evidences of personal piety, and dying thoughts — Customary expressions of grief by the people — A wailing scene — Former mode of burial — Introduction of Christian funeral services — Erection of a monument to the queen — unhappy instances of the influence of foreigners — Visit to Oahu — Voyage in native vessels — Introduction of Christian marriage — Arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Thurston — General council of chiefs — and embarkation of Riho-Riho and suite for England . ■ . 20T

Chapter IX

Exposure to fire, and other disadvantages of native houses — Situation in times oi sickness — A first instance of punishment for theft — the prevalence of this vice — cases of adroitness in the perpetration of it: — Notices of the Chiefs Kaikioeva and Keaweamahi — and of Puaiti, the blind man — Treatment of a Maniac — General traits of cruelty — Crime of infanticide — An eclipse ofthe moon and apprehensions excited by it — Visit from fellow Missionaries — Sports of the surl — Increase of interest in the arts of reading and writing — Domestic improvement among the chiefs — An evening scene — Encouragements of the Missionary life — The pule anana, or prayer of death — Genera! fears of superstition . . . 240 ( 'HAPTER X Tempestuous weather — Distribution ofhymnbooks — Situation in a storm — Ramble towards the mountains — Intelligence from America — Native manner of expressing attachment — Pari, or precipice of Kolau — Tragic fate of a party of warriors — Meeting for religious conversation — Gratitude for instruction — Vineyard of Mr. Marini — Visit to a Salt Lake — Death of Taumuarii — his character — funeral — Instance of superstition — Burning of the chapel — Visit to a sick sailor — A ride to Waititi — Ruins of a Heiau, or ittola- CONTENTS.

Page. trous temple — Excursion to the mountains — Scenery at Oahu Description of the bread-fruit — Funeral of an American — Visit to Mr. and Mrs. Ellis 26J'

Chapter XI

Palace of the prime minister — Rebellion at Tauai — Fate of a rebel chief — Return to Lahaina — Prevalence of drunkenness — Mo u-moku, or boxing matches — Native games — Introduction of schools among the farmers — Proclamation of laws by Kaahumanu — Domestic scenes — Temperature and climate of the Islands — Visit from Mr. Hoffman of the Russian corvette Pretpriatie — Mr. Chamberlain — Anecdote of Mr. Hoffman 309

Chapter XII

Voyage to Oahu — Visit on board the Russian corvette Pretpriatie — Services ofthe Greek church — Departure of the Pretpriatie — Intelligence of the death of the king and queen in England — Alarming illness of Mrs. Stewart — Arrival of a British consul — Arrival of H. B. M. ship Blonde — Landing of Governor Boki and party — Presentation of Lord Byron and suite to the government — Landing of the bodies of the king and queen, and funeral procession — Contemplated voyage to Hawaii — Kindness of Lord Byron . 329

Chapter XIII

Voyage to Hawaii in H. B. M. shipElonde— Evening scene — Beaity of the district of Hido — Enter the harbour of Waiakea — Removal on shore — Morning view of Mounakea — Visit to a fish pond and to the cascades in the river Wairuku — Chapel and style of native building at Hido — Journey to the volcano of Kirauea — Encampment at evening — First view of the crater — Exhibitions of the night — descent into the crater — passage across its bottom — ascent — new eruption — Departure, and return to Byron Bay 352

Chapter XIV

Increased illness of Mrs. Stewart— Re-embark on board the Blonde — Return to Oahu — Departure of the Blonde — Arrival of the ship Fawn-^Determination to embark for England — Farewell visit to Maui — Peculiar situation of Mr. and Mrs. Richards — Outrage of a British whale ship Heroism of Mrs. Richards — Departure from Maui — Embarkation for London ........

Introduction

. The Sandwich Islands are situated in the North Pacific Ocean, between 18° 50' and 22° 20' north latitude, and between 154° 53' and 160° 15' west longitude, from Greenwich. They are distant, about 2800 miles, from the coast of Mexico on the East — about 5000, from the shores of China on the West — and 2700, from the Society Islands on the South. The Islands are ten in number, stretching, as may be seen from the chart, in a flattened curve, E. S. E. and W. N. W. in the following order : Ha-wai-i, Mau-i, Moro-kini, Tahu-rawe, Ra-nai, Moro-kai, O-a-hu, Tau-ai, IVi-hau, and Tau-ra. Ha-wai-i, the most southern and eastern Island, is the largest of the group. It is about ninety-seven miles long, — seventy-eight broad — covering a sur face of 4000 square miles — and containing 85,000 inhabitants.

Mau-i lies N. W. from Ha-wai-i, and is separated from it by a channel twenty-four miles wide. This island, formed by two mountainous peninsulas, con nected by a narrow neck of low land, is forty-eight miles long, and, at its greatest width, twenty-nine miles wide. It covers about 600 square miles, and is supposed to have a population of 20,000 people. Moro-kini is a barren rock, rising only fifteen or twenty feet above the level of the ocean, at a distance of four or five miles, from the western shore of the southern peninsula of Mau-i. Tahu-rawe lies in the same direction from Mau-i, six or eight miles beyond Moro-kini. It is only eleven miles long, and eight broad, and has but few inhabitants. Ra-nai is situated twenty miles N. W. from Tahu rawe, and ten or twelve miles, directly west from tlie northern peninsula of Mau-i. It is seventeen miles long, and nine broad, covering about 110 square miles, with a population of two or three thousand.

Moro-kai lies W. N. W. from Mau-i, and is separated from it by a channel ten miles wide. A pas sage of about the same width, divides it, on the south, from Ra-nai. Moro-kai is forty miles long, and se ven broad — covering 170 square miles — and con taining three or four thousand inhabitants. O-a-hu lies twenty-seven miles N. W. from Moro kai — is forty-six miles in length, and twenty-three in breadth — with a surface of 520 square miles, and a population of 20,000. It affords the best harbour in the group, and is the most fertile and beautiful of the islands. Tau-ai is seventy-five miles N. W. from O-a-hu. It is thirty-three miles long, and twenty-eight broad — covering 520 square miles — and has about 10,000 inhabitants. Ni-hau lies S. W. from Tau-ai fifteen miles, and is twenty miles long, and seven broad.

The num ber of its inhabitants is small. Tau-ra, situated seventeen miles S. W. of Ni-hau, — like Moro-kini — is an uninhabited rock, visited only for the eggs of seafowl which frequent it in great numbers, and there hatch their young. These Islands were discovered, in the year 1778, by Captain James Cook, of the British Navy ; and from him, in honour of Earl Sandwich, then First Lord ofthe Admiralty, received the name by which they are at present designated. The tragical and lamented death of this celebrated navigator at Ha wai-i, on the succeeding year, caused their existence to be made known to the civilized world, with an excitement of feeling, that deeply stamped the event on the public mind. No foreign ship visited the group again, till the year 1786, when the ill-fated LaPerouse touched at Mau-i ; and about the same time two vessels enga ged in the trade of the North West Coast, procured refreshments at the Island of O-a-hu.

These were early succeeded by several others ; and, in 1792 and 1794, by the expedition under the command of Van couver. At the time of their discovery, the four principal Islands — Ha-wai-i, Mau-i, O-a-hu, and Tau-ai — were governed by separate and independent kings. But within the ten years preceding Vancouver's visit, Ta-meh a-meha, originall v achief of inferior rank, pos sessing only one or two districts in Ha-wai-i, — a man of ambitious spirit and great powers both of body and mind, — had by his talent and prowess not only secured to himself the sovereignty of his native Island, but was then pushing his conquests to the Islands of Mau-i and O-a-hu. During the sanguina ry conflicts attending this usurpation, some of the chiefs, apprised by their intercourse with the few ships that had then been at the Island, of the importance of guns and fire-arms, at a time of warfare ; — and sensible of the superiority that would be given to the party who could gain the possession of a foreign vessel, had made treacherous and violent at tacks' upon several traders — and, in one instance. were unhappily successful in seizing an American schooner, and in putting her crew to death.

Ta-meha-meha, too wise not to perceive the bad policy of attempting, in this manner, to avail himself of the advantages of his visiters, adopted a course directly opposite ; and, by his unwearied kindness and every pledge of friendship, endeavoured to se cure their confidence and good will. This policy. in an especial manner, characterised his treatment of Vancouver ; and, in 1794, he formally ceded to this commander, as the representative of the British nation, the Island of Ha-wai-i, in expression of his respect for that government, and a desire to have the protection of its power. In return, Vancouver aided this chieftain in building a small vessel, which was of essential service in his future expeditions : and in the course ofthe succeeding year, by the death in battle of the king of O-a-hu, he became the uncon trolled master of the Windward Islands.

The king of Tau-ai and Ni-hau, intimidated by the success and invincible power of Ta-meha-meha, despatched an embassy to him, on this event, with a surrender of himself as a tributary prince ; and the supreme go vernment of the whole group became thus establish ed in the hands of the conqueror. This great political change, with the known kind ness of the king to foreigners, opened the way to a safe and increasing intercourse with the American and European nations. The number of vessels, es pecially of American merchantmen, touching at the Sandwich Islands soon became very considerable : and the discovery of the protected and excellent harbour of Honoruru, in the Island of O-a-hu, which had escaped the vigilant search of Vancouver in his survey of the coast, caused them to become, to ships in general, traversing' the North Pacific, a place of resort for undergoing repairs — obtaining water and other refreshments.

Sandal wood — an article of value in the Chinese market — was discovered in the mountains of the dif ferent Islands, and soon became the means on the part of Ta-meha-meha of extensive commerce with foreigners. The articles of barter first given in ex change by traders were of the rudest kind — such as pieces of iron hoop — nails, coarse cloth, &c. &c. Then, knives, hatchets and axes — guns, muskets and ammunition — and eventually whole cargoes of rich American and Chinese goods — and vessels, of va rious sizes, from small schooners to brigs of several hundred tons burden. By this intercourse with the inhabitants of other nations, — by the partial introduction among the 2* chiefs of European and Asiatic manufactures — by the erection of fortifications — and by the purchase, equipment, and management of ships — promise was given of at least, a degree of future civilization.

Early in the present century, the natives began, occasionally, to enter into the service of foreign vessels as seamen, and in this manner several made their way to the United States. In this number was Obookiah — an individual whose name and charac ter are now extensively known — and whose wander ings were made, in the wise providence of God, to result in consequences of unspeakable importance. not only to himself, but to his whole nation. This lad arrived at the city of New-York in the year 1809 ; and, shortly afterwards, became an in mate of the family of the commander of the ship, in which he made this voyage, at New-Haven, Con necticut. He was naturally of an observing and in quisitive mind ; and the wide contrast, presented by a civilized and christian people, with the ignorant and degraded idolators of his own nation, made a deep impression upon him.

Having learned the de sign of the extended edifices of Yale College, he frequently visited the grounds of that institution, and was at length discovered weeping at the entrance oi" one of the buildings. The cause ofhis tears was ascertained to be asense ofhis own ignorance, and an anxious desire for instruction. A gentleman of intelligence and piety, immediately received him as a private pupil. He made rapid advances in knowledge — became a sincere convert to Christianity — and, fired with zeal for the salvation ofhis countrymen, began to qualify himself to return to his native Islands, for the purpose of making known the existence of the only true God, and the redemption that is in Jesus Christ. The character of Obookiah was early reported to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions — a society formed in the year 1810, for the propagation of the Gospel among the Heathen.

This information led to the establishment of an in stitution at Cornwall, Connecticut — called the " Fo reign Mission School" — for the education of pagan youth found on our shores, preparatory to their be ing returned, as teachers, to their respective coun tries. Here Obookiah was placed. Other Sand wich Islanders were discovered and entered on the same foundation. Among them, was a young chief, George Tamo ree, son of Taumuarii, the tributary king of Tau-ai. Eight or ten years previously, his father had sent him. when only nine years old, to America to be educated. The sea-captain who had charge of him had been provided by the king with the means of meeting the necessary expenditures, but dying, suddenly, with in the year of his arrival, without designating these funds, they were lost in the wreck ofhis own fortune.

George, permitted to wander from a school at which he had been placed, enlisted in the naval service of the United States. On his discharge, at the close of the late war. he was discovered at the navy-yard at Charlestown, Massachusetts ; identified as the son of Taumuarii — and placed for education at Cornwall. Obookiah unhappily as was thought, for the pro posed introduction of Christianity at the Sandwich Islands, died before completing his course of instruction, in February, 1S18. But the event excited so great and so general an interest in the American churches, that by it the way became more speedily prepared for sending a christian mission to his native shores than might otherwise have been the case; and, in the autumn of 1819, a company of Missiona ries under the patronage of the American Board ot' Commissioners for Foreign Missions, embarked from the city of Boston for that destination.

It consisted of the Rev. Mr. Bingham, and Rev. Mr. Thurston, ordained ministers of the Gospel ; Mr. Ruggles and Mr. Whitney, catechists and teachers ; Dr. Holman a physician, Mr. Loomis a printer, and Mr. Chamberlain an agriculturist, all married men. And of the Sandwich Islanders, John Ho norii, Thomas Hopu, William Tenui, and George Tamoree. George was returned to his father, by the Missionary Society, as a passenger only, with out any official connection with the mission family. The affecting death of Cook, and the massacre ol several other foreigners at a later period, had deeply impressed the public mind with a belief, that the Sandwich Islanders were more barbarous and sanguinary than most other inhabitants of the Pacific. The unvarying testimony of voyagers who had visited them, when consulted in reference to the contemplated mission, had been : — " The natives are too much addicted to their pagan customs ever to give them up.

They will never abandon their sacrifices and tabus. The Missionaries may attempt to convert them, but they can never succeed ; they will be rob bed and driven away, even if they escape violence and death." It was with just reason, therefore, that the society under whose auspices this enterprise had been pro jected, waited with deep solicitude for the period when they might hear of the arrival of this devoted com pany at their destination, and of the character of their reception by the people. Seventeen months elapsed before this anxiously desired moment came. But, though the suspense had been long, it was broken by sounds of gladness, which yet vibrate joyful ly on the ears of many, who look for the coming of the kingdom of God. The Missionaries had not only made the Islands in safety, but the first word of intelligence that reached their vessel was in the astonishing, and, to them, overwhelming exclamation, " the gods of HA-WAI-I ARE NO MORE !

TA-MEHA-MEHA IS DEAD RIHO-RIHO IS KING THE TABU IS ABOLISHED AND THE TEMPLES AND IDOLS ARE DESTROYED !" The eldest son of the Conqueror of Ha-wai-i had ascended the throne, and, the very opening of his reign had been marked by a measure which is with out a parallel in the history ofthe world. A pagan king, unbidden and uninstructed, had in a day cast off all the gods of his people ; and, by a single stroke of boldness, overthrown a superstition, which, for ages, had held a degraded race in the bondage of fear. The idolatry of the Sandwich Islanders was of a form peculiar to the Polynesians, called tabu, from an appendage to the ordinary wrorship of images, expressed by that term, so singular in its nature as justly to give name to the whole system. The tabu, though intimately connected with the services of re ligion, did not consist of any fixed and unchanging observances — but was uncertain and arbitrary in its requisitions.

It was an instrument of power in the possession of the priests and king, which might be made to assume any shape, which interest, passion or even caprice might dictate, and to extend to all things civil as well as religious. And, every breach of tabu being punishable with death — it was an instrument, by which the people were governed, as with a rod of iron. The word, itself, has generally been considered by foreigners as synonymous with the English word prohibition. But, its literal and peculiar meaning, implies a consecration. Thus the priests, the king, the chiefs, who claimed descent from the gods, and the temples, were tabu. So also an animal, or cluster of fruit, or other article, set apart for sacrifice — and a day, week, or month appropriated to the worship of the gods. The tabus varied greatly both in extent and dura tion.

Sometimes a single tree, or a single animal only, would be made tabu, and at others, a whole grove or herd ; — sometimes a single house, or piece of land, or fishing ground, at others a whole district or even island. Sometimes the tabu would be limited to a day, at others, would continue for weeks and months. Tabus of time, varied in the degree of rigour, with which they were to be observed ; some times requiring, only a cessation, from ordinary work and amusement ; at others, an entire seclusion : when, to be seen abroad, was death. Every fire too, must then be extinguished — every souncl, even to the crow ing of a cock or barking of a dog, prevented — and the silence and desolation of death, be made to reign throughout the whole extent of the tabu, whether of district or island. But though thus various in its features, and changeable in its forms, there were points, in the tabu, which were general and unalterable.

One of these, was the tabu of all the best kinds of food for sacrifice to the gods, and for the use of the men : the women were thus excluded from the use of hogs, fowls, cocoanut, bananas, several kinds of fish, &c. &c. Another, was a tabu excluding the females from the houses of the men. A woman was not permitted to enter the habitation, even of her father or husband, nor to eat in company wit_r*any man. These were the points, a breach of which, the king determined to make the signal for the abolition of the whole, and for the downfal of idolatry. Having secretly consulted the high priest and principal chiefs upon the subject, and gained their consent and co-operation, he made a great entertainment, in the month of November, 1819, to which all the foreign traders, mercantile agents, and resi dents, then at the Islands, were invited, together with the whole company of chiefs.

Two long ta bles, one for males and another for females, in con formity to the tabu, were spread in an open bower, around whioh a great concourse of common peo ple assembled. After the food was served up, and all the company had taken their seats, the king, evidently much agitated, arose with a dish of the food, denied to females, in his hand, and walking first round the table of the men, as if to see that all were properly provided, hastily turned to that ofthe women, and seating himself between two ofhis queens, began to eat with them, from the dish he had carried. At this, the whole astonished multitude burst into the exclamation, ai noa ! ai noa ! — (ai food — noa common, or general, in contra distinction to aitabu — food sacred.) The high priest, himself, rushed to fire an adjoining temple; and mes sengers were instantly despatched, in all directions, to perpetrate a similar conflagration.

In a very few days, every heathen temple, in the group, was mould ering in ashes, and the idols, which had not shared the same fate, were cast useless on the beach, or re served merely as objects of curiosity. That it was the pleasure of the king, thus to cast off the tabu, and to abolish idolatry, seemed suffi cient to satisfy the minds of the people. One am bitious young chief of rank, however, attempted, by it, to excite the natives to a rebellion ; but, in this, he was unsuccessful — his party were defeated, and him self and wife slain in battle, in the winter of 1820. The causes which led Riho-Riho to a determination so bold, and so important, are not fully known ; but, probably, were a conviction of the falsity of ido latry, derived, from an intercourse with foreigners, and , from the indifference, if not contempt, they may have manifested, for the gods and sacrifices of his nation ; a knowledge of the destruction of the idols, at the Society Islands — a people known to him to be altogether like his own : and strong attachment for his queens, who were restricted, in their privileges and enjoyments, by the tabu.

Whatever may have been the immediate cause or causes of this singular event, the pious heart will recognize in it the hand of Him, who doeth all things according to his good pleasure, and who, only and alone, can "in the wilderness, PREPARE THE WAY OF THE LoRD, AND MAKE STRAIT, IN THE DESERT, A HIGHWAY FOR OUR GoD !" The intelligence thus communicated from the shore, prepared the Missionaries for a favourable re ception by the king and government. They were. early and happily, established on the Islands of Ha-wai-i, O-a-hu, and Tau-ai ; and with such pros pects of immediate and wide spreading usefulness, that the first communications, from them to their pa trons, were accompanied by an earnest application for more Missionaries. This application was repeated again and again, and in the year 1822, was complied with, by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, in the selection of a rcinforce- &.C ment, consisting of three ordained ministers : the Rev. Mr. Bishop, Rev. Mr. Richards, and myself; two licensed preachers, Mr. Ely and Mr. Goodrich ; Dr. Blatchely a physician, all married men ; Mr. L. Chamberlain, Agent for Secular Affairs ; Betsey Stockton, a coloured female, a domestic and assistant Missionary in my own family ; and three Sand wich Islanders, from the Foreign Mission School at Cornwall, Stephen Pupuhi, Richard Karaioula, and William Kamahoula.