The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V ... The eleventh edition

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THE HISTORY OF THE JR E I G N OF THE EMPEROR CHARLES V. By WILLIAM ROBERTSON, D.D. PRINCIPAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, HISTORIOGRAPHER TO HIS MAJESTY FOR SCOTLAND, AND MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF HISTORY AT MADRID. VOLUME II. THE ELEVENTH EDITION. LONDON: Printed for Cadell and Daviesj T.Payne; J. Walker; R. Lea; Vernor Hood, and Sharpe; J Nunn; Cuthml and Martin; Gray and Son ; E Jeffery; John Richardson; J. M. aK,icHARDsoN ; J. and A. Arch; W. Stewart; J. Carpenter; W. Phillips , R. Floyer; J. Booker; J. Murray; S. Bagster; B. Crosby; R. H. Evans; J. Hardinc; J. Mackinlay and Constable, Hunter, Park and Hunter. 1809, i* THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN OF THE EMPEROR CHARLES V.

Book I

VvHARLES V. was born at Ghent on the book twenty-fourth day of February, in the year one v— v»^ thousand five hundred. His father Philip the ctofeV. Handsome, archduke of Austria, was the son of thepmperor Maximilian, and of Mary, the only child of Charles the Bold, the last Prince of the house of Burgundy. His mother, Joanna, was the second daughter of Ferdinand King of Ara gon, and of Isabella Queen of Castile. A LONG train of fortunate events had opened His domi the way for this young prince to the inheritance the events of more extensive dominions, than any Euroacquired h* pean monarch, since Charlemagne, had possesthem' Vol. II. A a

BOOK 1. THE REIGN OF THE

sed. Each of his ancestors had acquired king doms or provinces, towards which their prospect of succession was extremely remote. The rich possessions of Mary of Burgundy had been des tined for another family, she having been con tracted by her father to the only son of Louis XI. of France; but that capricious monarch, in dulging his hatred to her family, chose rather to strip her of part of her territories by force, than to secure the whole by marriage ; and by this misconduct, fatal to his posterity, he threw all the Netherlands and Franche Comte into the hands of a rival. Isabella, the daughter of John II. of Castile, far from having any prospect of that noble inheritance which she transmitted to her grandson, passed the early part of her life in obscurity and indigence. But the Castilians, exasperated against her brother Henry IV. an ill-advised and vicious prince, publicly charged him with impotence, and his queen with adul tery.

Upon his demise, rejecting Joanna, whom Henry had un formly, and even on his death-bed, owned to be his lawful daughter, and whom an assembly of the states had acknowledged to be the heir of his kingdom,, they obliged her to retire into Portugal, and placed Isabella on the throne of Castile. Ferdinand owed the crown of Aragon to the unexpected death of his elder brother, and acquired the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily by violating the faith of treaties, and disregarding the ties of blood. To all these kingdoms, Christopher Columbus, by an effort of genius and of intrepidity, the boldest and most B BOOK successful that is recorded in the annals of man kind, added a new world, the wealth of which became one considerable source ot the power and grandeur of the Spanish monarchs. I. DON JoHaN, the only son of Ferdinand and Isabella, and their eldest daughter, the queen of Portugal, being cut off, without issue, in the flower of youth, all their hopes centered in Joanna and her posterity.

But as her husband, the archduke, was a stranger to the Spaniards, it was thought expedient to invite him into Spain, that, by residing among them, he might accustom himself to their laws and manners ; and it Was expected that the Cortes> or assembly of states, whose authority was then so great in Spain, that no title to the crown was reckoned valid unless it received their sanction, would acknowledge his right of succession, together with that of the infanta, his wife. Philip and Joanna, passing through France in their way to Spain, were entertained in that kingdom with the utmost magnificence. The archduke did homage to Louis XII. for the earldom of Flanders, and took his seat as a peer of the realm in the parliament of Paris They were received in Spain with every mark of honour that the parental af-> section of Ferdinand and Isabella, or the respect of their subjects, could devise ; and their title to the crown was soon after acknowledged by the Cortes of both kingdoms.

Philip and Joanna, his father, and mother visit Spain. 1502, THE REIGN OF THE But amidst these outward appearances of sa tisfaction and joy, some secret uneasiness preyed upon the mind of each of these princes. The stately and reserved ceremonial of the Spanish court was so burdensome to Philip, a prince, young, gay, affable, fond of society and of plea sure, lhat he soon began to express a desire of returning to his native country, the manners of which were more suited to his temper. Feidi nand, observing the declining health of his queen, with whose life he knew that his right to the go vernment oi Castile must cease, easily foresaw, that a prince of Philip's disposition j and who al ready discovered an extreme impatience to reign, would never consent to his retaining any degree of authority in that kingdom ; and the prospect of this diminution of his power awakened the jealousy of that ambitious monarch.

BOOK I.

Ferdinand jealous of Philip's power. ISABELLA beheld, with the sentiments natural to a mother, the indifference and neglect with which the archduke treated her daughter, who was destitute of those beauties of person, as well as those accomplishments of mind, which six the affections of an husband. Her understanding, always weak, was often disordered. She doated on Philip with such an excess of childish and in discreet fondness, as excited disgust rather than affection. Her jealousy, for which her husband's behaviour gave her too much cause, was propor tioned to her love, and often broke out in the most extravagant actions. Isabella, though sen sible of her defects, could not help pitying her Isabella's solicitude with respect to him and her daughter. condition, which was soon rendered altogether deplorable, by the archduke's abrupt resolution of setting out in the middle of winter for Flan ders, and of leaving her in Spain.

Isabella in treated him not to abandon his wife to grief and melancholy, which might prove fatal to her, as she was near the time of her delivery. Joanna conjured him to put off his journey for three days only, that she might have the pleasure of celebrating the festival of Christmas in his com pany. Ferdinand, after representing the impru dence of his leaving Spain, before he had time to become acquainted with the genius, or to gain the affections of the people who were one day to be his subjects, besought him, at least, not to pass through Fiance, with which kingdom he was then at open war. Philip, without re garding either the dictates of humanity, or the maxims of prudence, persisted in his purpose ; and on the twenty-second of December set out for the Low Countries, by the way of France*.

BOOK I.

From the moment of his departure, Joanna sunk into a deep and sullen melancholy)-, and while she was in that situation bore Ferdinand her second son, for whom the power of his brother Charles afterwards procured the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, and to Avhom he at last transmitted the imperial sceptre. Joanna was the only person in Spain who discovered no joy at the birth of this prince. Insensible to Disorder of Joanna's mind. Birth of Ferdinand, afterwards emperor. * Pt-tri Martyris Angielii Epistolæ, 250, 253. f Id. Epist. 255. d

BOOK 1.

1504, Death of Jsabella, THE REIGN OF THE that, as well as to every other pleasure, she wa* wholly occupied with the thoughts of returning to her husband ; nor did she, in any degree, rer cover tranquillity of mind, until she arrived at Brussels next year*. PHILIP, in passing through France, had an interview with Louis XII. and signed a treaty with him, by which he hoped that all the differ ences between France and Spain would have been finally terminated. But Ferdinand, whose affairs, at that time, were extremely prosperous in Italy, where the superior genius of Gonsalvo de Cordova, the great captain, triumphed on every occasion over the arms of France, did not pay the least regard to what his son-in-law had concluded, and carried on hostilities with greater ardour than ever. From this time Philip seems not to have taken any part in the affairs of Spain, waiting is quiet till the death either of Ferdinand or of Isabella should open the way to one of their thrones.

The latter of these events was not far distant. The untimely death -of her son and eldest daughter had made a deep impression on the mind of Isabella, and as she could derive but little consolation for the losses which she had sustained, either from her daughter Joanna, whose infirmities daily increased, or from her son-in-law, who no longer preserved even the * Mariana, lib. 27. c. 11. 14. Flechier Vie de Ximen. I. 191. appearance of a decent respect towards that un- BOOK happy princess, her spirits and health began v— - <s gradually to decline, and, after languishing some months, she died at Medina del Campo, on the twenty-sixth of November, one thousand five hundred and four. She was no less eminent for virtue, than for wisdom ; and whether we con sider her behaviour as a queen, as a wife, or as a mother, she is justly entitled to the high en comiums bestowed upon her by the Spanish historians*.

A FEW weeks before her death, she made her Her will last will, and being convinced of Joanna's inca- Ferdinand pacity to assume the reins of government into J^*of her own hands, and having no inclination to commit them to Philip, with whose conduct she was extremely dissatisfied, she appointed Ferdinand regent or administrator of the affairs of Castile, until her grandson Charles should attain the age of twenty. She bequeathed to Ferdinand like wise one half of the revenues which should arise from the Indies, together with the grand-master ships of the three military orders; dignities, which rendered the person who possessed them almost independent, and which Isabella had, for that reason, annexed to the crowns. But before she signed a deed so favourable to Ferdinand, she obliged him to swear that he would not, by a second marriage, or by any other means, en- * P. Mart.

Ep. 279. ■)- P. Martyr. Ep. 277. Mar. Hist. lib. 28. c. 1 1. Ferreres, Hist. Gener. d'Espagne, torn. viii. 2S3. BOIOK deavour to deprive Joanna or her posterity of v— -v-*-' their right of succession to any of his kingdoms*. IMMEDIATELY upon the queen's death, Fer dinand resigned the title of king of Castile, and issued orders to proclaim Joanna and Philip the sovereigns of that kingdom. But, at the same time, he assumed the character of regent, in consequence of Isabella's testament ; and not long after, he prevailed on the Cortes of Castile to acknowledge his right to that office. This, however, he did not procure without difficulty, nor without discovering such symptoms of alien ation and disgust among the Castilians as silled him with great uneasiness. The union of Cas tile and Aragon for almost thirty years, had not so entirely extirpated the ancient and hereditary enmity which subsisted between the natives of these kingdoms, that the Castilian pride could submit, without murmuring, to the government of a king of Aragon.

Ferdinand's own charac ter, with which the Castilians were wrell acquainted, was far from rendering his authority desirable Suspicious, discerning, severe, and parsimonious, he was accustomed to observe the most minute actions of his subjects with a jealous attention, and to reward their highest ser vices with little liberality ; and they were now deprived of Isabella, whose gentle qualities, and partiality to her Castilian subjects, often tem pered his austerity, or rendered it tolerable. The maxims of his government were especially odious Ferdinand acknowledged as regent by the Cortes, 1505. The Casti lians dissa tislied. *Mar, Hist. lib. 2S. c. 14. BOOK i Philip en deavours ta obtain the government of Castile, to the grandees ; for that artful prince, sensible of the dangerous privileges conferred upon them by the feudal institutions, had endeavoured to curb their exorbitant power*, by extending the royal jurisdiction, by protecting their injured vassals, by increasing the immunities of cities, and by other measures equally prudent.

From all these causes, a formidable party among the Castilians united against Ferdinand, and though the persons who composed it had not hitherto taken any public step in opposition to him, he plainly saw, that upon the least encouragement from their new king, they would proceed to the most violent extremities. THERE was no less agitation in the Nether lands upon receiving the accounts of Isabella's death, and of Ferdinand's having assumed the government of Castile. Philip was not of a temper tamely to suffer himself to be supplant ed by the ambition of his father-in-law. If Jo anna's infirmities, and the non-age of Charles, rendered them incapable of government, he, as a husband, was the proper guardian of his wife, and, as a father, the natural tutor of his son. Nor was it sufficient to oppose to these just rights, and to the inclination of the people of Castile, the authority of a testament, the ge nuineness of which was perhaps doubtful, and its contents to him appeared certainly to be ini quitous.

A keener edge was added to Philip's resentment, and new vigour infused into his coun- * Marian, lib. 2S. c. 12. He requires Ferdinand toresign the regency. cils by the arrival of Don John Manuel. He was Ferdinand's ambassador at the imperial court, but upon the first notice of Isabella's death, repaired to Brussels, flattering himself, that under a young and liberal prince, he might attain to power and honours, which he could never have expected in the service of an old and frugal master. He had early paid court to Phi lip during his residence in Spain, with such assiduity as entirely gained his confidence; and hav ing been trained to business under Ferdinand, could oppose his schemes with equal abilities, and with arts not inferior to those for which that monarch was distinguished*. By the advice of Manuel, ambassadors were dispatched to require Ferdinand to retire into Aragon, and to resign the government of Castile to those persons whom Philip should entrust with it, until his own arrival in that kingdom.

Such of the Castilian nobles as had discovered any dissatisfaction with Ferdinand's administration, were encouraged by every method to oppose it. At the same time a treaty was concluded with Louis XII. by which Philip flattered himself that he had secured the friendship and assistance of that monarch. Meanwhile, Ferdinand employed all the arts of address and policy, in order to retain the pow er of which he had got possession. By means of Conchillos, an Aragonian gentleman, he entered * Zurita Annales de Arago:., torn, vi, p. 12. into a private negociation with Joanna, and prebook vailed on that weak princess to confirm, by her authority, his right to the regency But this in trigue did not escape the penetrating eye ot Don John Manuel ; Joanna's letter of consent was in tercepted; Conchillos was thrown into a dun geon ; she herself confined to an apartment in the | alace, and all her Spanish domestics secluded from her presence*.

The mortification which the discovery of this Ferdinand , vi- i i ■ abandoned intrigue occasioned to terdinand, was much inbythecas creased by his observing the progress which y™ Philip's emissaries made in Castile. Some of the nobles retired to their castles; others to the towns in which they had influence ; they form ed themselves into confederacies, and began to assenible their vassals. Ferdinand's court was almost totally deserted ; not a person of distinction but Ximenes, archbishop of Toledo, the duke of Alva, and the marquis of Denia, remain ing there; while the houses of Philip's ambassadors were daily crowded with noblemen of the highest rank. EXASPERATED at this universal defection, and Ferdinand mortified perhaps with seeing all his schemes demarry, in seated by a younger politician, Ferdinand resolved, in defiance of the law of nature and of dedaughter fraim the cency, to deprive his daughter and her posterity throne. of the crown of Castile, rather than renounce the regency of that kingdom.

His plan for ac- *P. Mart. Ep. 287. Zurita Annales, vi. p. 14. Marries a niece of the French King. complishing this was no less bold, than the in tention itself was wicked. He demanded in marriage Joanna, the supposed daughter of Henry IV. on the belief of whose illegitimacy Isabel la's right to the crown of Castile was founded: and by reviving the claim of this princess, in op position to which he himself had formerly led armies, and fought battles, he hoped once more to get possession of the throne of that kingdom. But Emanuel, king of Portugal, in whose dominions Joanna resided, at that time having mar ried one of Ferdinand's daughters by Tabella, refused his consent to that unnatural match ; and the unhappy princess herself, having lost all re lish for the objects of ambition by being long immured in a convent, discovered no less aver sion to it*.

THE resources, however, of Ferdinand's am bition were not exhausted. Upon meeting with a repulse in Portugal, he turned towards France, and sought in marriage Germain de Foix, a daughter of the viscount of Narbonne, and of Mary, the sister of Louis XII. The war which that monarch had carried on against Ferdinand in Naples, had been so unfortunate, that he listened with joy to a proposal, which furnished him with an honourable pretence for concluding peace: And though no prince was evermore remarkable than Ferdinand for making all his passions bend to the maxims of interest, or be- * Sandov. Hi<t. of Civil Wars in Castile. Lou. 1G55. p. 5. Zurila Aunales de Aragon, torn. vi. p. 213.

BOOK I.

v^,W Come subservient to the purposes of ambition, yet so vehement was his resentment against his son-in-law, that the desire of gratifying it rendered him regardless of every other consideration. In order to be revenged of Philip, by detaching Louis from his interest, and in order to gain a chance of excluding him from his hereditary throne of Aragon, and the dominions annexed to it, he was ready once more to divide Spain into separate kingdoms, though the union of these was the great glory of his reign, and had been the chief object of his ambition; he consented to restore the Neapoliian nobles of the French faction to their possessions and honours; and sub mitted to the ridicule of marrying, in an advanced age, a princess of eighteen*. THE conclusion of this match, which deprived Philip of his only ally, and threatened him with the loss of so many kingdoms, gave him a dreadful alarm, and convinced Don John Manuel that there was now a necessity of taking other measures with regard to the affairs of Spainf.

He accordingly instructed the Flemish ambassadors in the court of Spain, to testify the strong de sire which their master had of terminating all differences between him and Ferdinand in an amicable manner, and his willingness to consent to any conditions that would re-establish the friendship which ought to subsist between a father and a son-in-law. Ferdinand, though he * P. Mart. Ep. 290. 292. Mariana, lib. 28. c. 16f 17 + P. Mart. Ep. 293. U "THE REIGN OF Tilt book had made and broken more treaties than arty \--v-^ prince of any age, was apt to confide so far irt tetaTee1/ the sincerity of other men, or depend so much Ferdinand upon his own address and their weakness, as to and Philin. r and Philip. " _ , ,. . . T T be always extremely fond of a nec,ociation. He listened with eagerness to the declarations, and Nov. 2*. soon concluded a treaty at Salamanca ; in which it was stipulated, that the government of Castile should be carried on in the joint names of Jo anna, of Ferdinand, and of Philip ; and that the revenues of the crown, &s well as the right of conferring offices, should be sharpd between Fer dinand and Philip, by an equal division*.

NOTHING, however, was farther from Philip's thoughts than to observe this treaty. His sole intention in proposing it was to amuse Ferdi nand, and to prevent him from taking any mea sures for obstructing his voyage imo Spain. It had that effect. Ferdinand, sagacious as he was; did not for some time suspect his design ; and though when he perceived it, he prevailed on the king of France not only to remonstrate a gainst the archduke's journey, but to threaten hostilities if he should undertake it : though he solicited the duke of Gueldres to attack his son in-law's dominions in the Low Countries, Philip and his consort nevertheless set sail with a numerous fleet and a good body of land forces. They were obliged by a violent tempest to take shelter in England, where Henry VII. in com pliance with Ferdinand's solicitations, detained 1506. Philip and Joanna set sail for Spain. * Zurita Annales de Aragon, Ti. 19. P. Mart. Ep. 293, '294.

BOOK I

April 23. The nobility of Castile declare for Philip. them upwards of three months* ; at last they were permitted to depart, and after a more pros perous voyage, they arrived in safety at Corun na in Galicia, nor durst Ferdinand attempt, as he once intended, to oppose their landing by force of arms. The Cas'ilian nobles, who had been obliged hitherto to conceal or to dissemble their senti ments, now declared openly in favour of Philip. From every corner of the kingdom, persons of the highest rank, with numerous retinues of their vassals, repaired to their new sovereign. The treaty of S damanca was universally condemned, and all agreed to exclude from the government of Castile a prince, who, by consenting to dis join Aragon and Naples from that crown, discovered so little concern for its true interests.

Fer dinand, meanwhile, abandoned by almost all the Castilians, disconcerted by their revolt, and un certain whether he should peaceably relinquish his power, or take arms in order to maintain it, earnestly solicited an interview with his son-in law, who, by the advice of Manuel, studiously avoided it. Convinced at last, by seeing the number and zeal of Philip's adherents daily in crease, that it was vain to think of resisting such a torrent, Ferdinand consented, by treaty, to re sign the regency of Castile into the hands of Philip, to retire into his hereditary dominions of Aragon, and to rest satisfied with the master ships of the military orders, and that share of * Ferrer. Hist. viii. 285. b ook the revenue of the Indies which Isabella had be- S~ s queathed to him. Though an interview between Ferdinand princes was no longer necessary, it was a resignsthe greed to on both sides from motives of decency. regency of ° _ ..."

Castile, and Philip repaired to the place appointed, with a Aragon.° splendid retinue of Castilian nobles, and a considerable body of armed men. Ferdinand appeared without any pomp, attended by a few followers mounted on mules, and unarmed. On that occasion Don John Manuel had the pleasure of displaying before the monarch whom he had deserted, the extensive influence which he had acquired over his new master: AVhile Ferdi nand suffered, in presence of his former subjects, the two most cruel mortifications which an art ful and ambitious prince can feel; being at once overreached in conduct, and stripped of power*. •My. Not ]onsr after, he retired into Aragon ; and hoping that some favourable accident would soon open the way to his return into Castile, he took care to protest, though with great secrecy, that the treaty concluded with his son-in-law, being extorted by force, ought to be deemed void of all obligation f .

Tohan„PaaaDcd Philip took possession of his new authority asnk^dand with a youthful joy. The unhappy Joanna, from queen°by whom he derived it, remained, during all these contests, under the dominion of a deep melan- * Zurita Annales de Arag. vi. 64. Mar. lib. 28. c. 19, 20. P. Mart. Ep. 304, 305, &c. f Zurita Annales de Arag. vi. p. 68. Ferrer. Hist. viii. 290. Choly ; she was seldom allowed to appear in pub- ° ° Klie; her father, though he had often desired it, \^-S—J was refused access to her; and Philip's chief ob ject was to prevail on the Cortes to declare her incapable of government, that an undivided power might be lodged in his hands, until his son should attain to full age. But such was the partial attachment of the Castilians to their native princes, that though Manuel had the address to gain some members of the Cortes assembled at Valladolid, and others were willing to gratify their new sovereign in his first request, the great body of the representatives refused their consent to a declaration which they thought so injuri ous to the blood of their monarchs*.

They were unanimous, however, in acknowledging Joanna and Philip, queen and king of Castile, and their son Charles prince of Asturias. This was almost the only memorable event Death of during Philip's administration. A fever put an end to his life in the twenty-eighth year of his 1|oe, age, when he had not enjoyed the regal dignity, Which he had been so eager to obtain, full three monthsf. THE wdtole royal authority in Castile, Ought Thedisor of course to have devolved upon Joanna. But the na'smind shock occasioned by a disaster so unexpected as mcreases the death of her husband, completed the disor- * Zurita Annales de Arag. vi. p. 75. t Marian, lib. 2S. c. 23. VOL. 11. * der of her understanding, and her incapacity for government. During all the time of Philip's sickness, no intreaty could prevail on her, though in the sixth month of her pregnancy, to leave him for a moment.

When he expired, however, she did not shed one tear, or ulter a single groan. Her grief was silent and settled. She continued to watch the dead body with the same tender ness and attention as if it had been alive*, and though at last she permitted it to be buried, she soon removed it from the tomb to her own apartment. There it was laid upon a bed of statej in a splendid dress: and having heard from some monk a legendary tale of a king who revived after he had been dead fourteen years, she kept her eyes almost constantly fixed on the body, waiting for the happy moment of its return to life. Nor was this capricious affection for her dead husband less tinctured with jealousy, than that which she had borne to him while alive. She did not permit any of her female attendants to approach the bed on which his corpse was laid; she would not suffer any woman who did not belong to her family to enter the apartment ; and rather than grant that privilege to a midwife, though a very aged one had been chosen on purpose, she bore the princess Catharine without any other assistance than that of her own domestics f . * P. Mart.

Ep. 316. f Mar. Hist. lib. 29. c. 3 & 5. P. Mart. Ep. 318. 324. 328. 332, A WOMAN in such a state of mind was little B00K capable of governing a great kingdom ; and Jov^^^/ anna, who made it her sole employment to bepabteofgo- Wail the loss, and to pray for the soul of her husvernment- band, would have thought her attention to public affairs an impious neglect of those duties which she owed to him. Bait though she de clined assuming the administration herself, yet, by a strange caprice of jealousy, she refused to commit it to any other person ; and no intreaty of her subjects could persuade her to name a regent, or even to sign such papers as were ne cessary for the execution of justice, and the se curity of the kingdom. The death of Philip threw the Castilians in to the greatest perplexity.

It was necessary to appoint a regent, both on account of Joanna's frenzy, and the infancy of her son ; and as there Was not among the nobles, any person so emi nently distinguished either by superiority in rank or abilities as to be called by the public Voice to that high office, all naturally turned their eyes either towards Ferdinand, or towards the emperor Maximilian. The former claimed that dignity as administrator for his daughter, and by virtue of the testament of Isabella ; the latter thought himself the legal guardian of his grandson, whom, on account of his mother's in firmity, he already considered as king of Cas tile. Such of the nobility as had lately been most active in compelling Ferdinand to resign the government of the kingdom, trembled at. Maximilian the emperor and Ferdi nand com petiti irs for the regency.

Perdinand absent on a visit to his kin7.rdom of IVaples. the thoughts of his b^ing restored so soon to his former dignity. They dreaded the return of a monarch, not apt to forgive, and who, to those defects with which they were already acquainted, added that resentment which the remem brance of their behaviour, and reflection upon his own disgrace, must naturally have excited. Though none of these objections lay against Maximilian, he was a stranger to the laws and manners of Castile; he had not either troops or money to support his pretensions ; nor could his claim be admitted without a public declaration of Joanna's incapacity for government, an indig nity to which, notwithstanding the notoriety of her distemper, the delicacy of the Castilians could not bear the thoughts of subjecting her.