New York by sunlight and gaslight. A work descriptive of the great American metropolis, etc

Front matter

BARTHOLDI'S STATUE— LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD. NEW YORK BY Sunlight and Gaslight. A WORK DESCRIPTIVE OF THE GREAT AMERICAN METROPOLIS. ITS HIGH AND LOW LIFE ; ITS SPLENDORS AND MISERIES ; ITS VIRTUES AND VICES ; ITS GORGEOUS PALACES AND DARK HOMES OF POVERTY AND CRIME; ITS PUBLIC MEN, POLITI- CIANS, ADVENTURERS ; ITS CHARITIES, FRAUDS, MYSTERIES, ETC, ETC. BY JAMES D. McCABE, AUTHOR OF "PARIS BY SUNLIGHT AND GASLIGHT," "PICTORIAL HISTORY OP THE WORLD. "'CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES," " CROSS AND CROWN," ETC. ILLUSTRATED WITH FINE FULL-PAGE AND OTHER ENGRAVINGS. PHILADELPHIA, PA.: DOUGLASS BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS. Jones Bros. & Co., Philadelphia; Douglass Bros. & Payne, Cincinnati, O. H. N. Hinckley, Chicago, III. ; J. Dewing & Co. , San Francisco, Cal. ; Southern Publishing Co., New Orleans, La. ; J. B. Magurn, Toronto, Ont. ; W. H. Thompson & Co., Boston, Mass. 1882. Copyright by DOUGLASS EROTHERS. 1881. COLLINS, PRINTER.

Preface

. What Paris is to the Frenchman, or London to the Briton, New York is to the American. It is not only the Great Metropolis of the New World, but it is the chief attraction upon this continent, the great centre to which our people resort for business and plea sure, and as such, is a source of never-failing interest. This being the case, it is natural that every American should de sire to visit New York, to see the city for himself, behold its beau ties, its wonderful sights, and participate in the pleasures which are to be enjoyed only in the Metropolis. Thousands avail themselves of this privilege every year; but the great mass of our people "know our chief city only by the descriptions of their friends, and the brief accounts of its sights and scenes which occur from time to time in the newspapers of the day.

Even those who visit the city bring away but a superficial knowledge of it, as to know New York requires years of constant study and investigation. Strangers see only the surface ; they cannot penetrate into its inner life, and examine the countless influences at work every day in shaping the destiny of the beautiful city. Few, even of the residents of the Metropolis, have either the time or the means for such investigations. Few have a correct idea of the terrible romance and hard reality of the daily lives of a vast portion of the dwellers in New York, or of the splendor and luxury of the wealthier classes. One of the chief characteristics of New York is the rapidity with which changes occur in it. Those who were familiar with the city in the past will find it new to them now. The march of progress and improvement presses on with giant strides, and the city of to-day is widely separated from the city of a few years ago.

Only one who has devoted himself to watching its onward career, either in prosperity and magnificence or in misery and crime, can form any idea of the magnitude and character of the wonderful changes of the past ten years. The volume now offered to the reader aims to be a faithful and graphic picture of the New York of to-day, and to give, in life-like in PREFACE*. IV colors, views of its magnificent streets and buildings, its busy, bustling crowds, its rushing elevated trains, its countless sights, its romance, its mystery, its nobler and better efforts in the cause of humanity, its dark crimes, and terrible tragedies. In short, the work endeavors to hold up to the reader a faithful mirror, in which shall pass all the varied scenes that transpire in New Yofk, by sun-' light and by gaslight.

To those who have seen the great city, the work is offered as a means of recalling some of the pleasantest ex periences of their lives ; while to the still larger class who have never enjoyed this pleasure, it is hoped that it will be the medium of their acquiring an intimate acquaintance with New York in the quiet of their own homes, and without the expense or fatigue of a journey. This volume is not a work of fiction, but a narrative of well au thenticated, though often startling facts. The darker sides of New York life are shown in their true colors, and without any effort to tone them down. Foul blots are to be found upon the life of the great city. Sin, vice, crime and shame are terrible realities there, and they have been presented here as they actually exist. Throughout the work, the aim of the author has been to warn those who wish to see for themselves the darker side of city life, of the dangers attending such undertakings.

A man who seeks the haunts of vice and crime in New York takes his life in his hand, ex poses himself to dangers of the most real kind, and deserves all the harm that may come to him in his quest of knowledge. Enough is told in this volume to satisfy legitimate curiosity, and to convince the reader that the only path of safety in New York is to avoid all places of doubtful repute. The city is bright and beautiful enough to occupy all one's time with its wonderful sights and innocent plea sures. To venture under the shadow, is to court danger in all its forms. No matter how " wise in his own conceit " a stranger may be, he is but a child in the hands of the disreputable classes of the great city. In the preparation of this work the author has drawn freely upon his own experience, the result of a long and intimate acquaintance with all the various phases of New York life.

He ventures to hope that those who are familiar with the subject will recognize the truth fulness of the statements made, and that the book may prove a source of pleasure and profit to all who may honor it with a perusal. November ist, 1881. j. d. M'c - LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FAG BARTHOLDI'S STATUE, "LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD," (Frontispiece) EVENING POST BUILDING (Full Page) 4, ODD FELLOWS* HALL 44 NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY'S BUILDING 45 DOMESTIC SEWING MACHINE BUILDING (Full Page) 47 TRIBUNE BUILDING 48 STAATS ZEITUNG BUILDING 49 GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT (Full Page) to /act 61 PAVONIA DOCKS, JERSEY CITY (Full Page) 90 BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF NEW YORK (Full Page) 93 BROADWAY, LOOKING NORTH FROM EXCHANGE PLACE 136 MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE BUILDING 138 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (Full Page) 139 BROADWAY.AT THE POST OFFICE (Full Page) ,41 LORD AND TAYLOR'S DRY GOODS STORE (Full Page) 150 SWELL TURNOUT ON FIFTH AVENUE (Full Page) 172 METROPOLITAN ELEVATED RAILWAY STATION, SIXTH AVENUE AND TWENTY-THIRD STREET (Full Page) to/act 179 ELEVATED RAILROAD, CHATHAM SQUARE (Full Page) to/ace 183 COENTIES SLIP (Full Page) to/act 191 THE THIRD AVENUE RAILROAD DEPOT 241 MASONIC TEMPLE, SIXTH AVENUE AND TWENTY-THIRD STREET 252 METROPOLITAN ELEVATED RAILROAD, SIXTH AVENUE AND FOUR- TEENTH STREET (Full Page). to /act 255 COACHING DAY IN CENTRAL PARK (Full Page) 263 COOPER INSTITUTE AND ELEVATED RAILROAD, THIRD AVENUE (Full Page) to /act 267 "PLEASE GIVE ME A PENNY" 271 SCENE ON WEST STREET (Full Page) 279 CITY HALL AND PARK (Full Page) to/act 297 UNITED STATES SUB-TREASURY 299 CUSTOM HOUSE 3°' CUSTOM HOUSE INSPECTION (Full Page) 303 STEINWAY HALL 3°7 COOPER UNION 309 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN..... , 3" GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT, FRONT VIEW (Full Page) 317 A VETERAN CALLER AT WORK (Full Page) 325 A CALLER WHO HAS HAD TOO MUCH PUNCH 327 NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE 335 BELL TELEPHONE EXCHANGE (Full Page) to/act 351 CUNARD STEAMSHIP "GALLIA" 361 SOUND STEAMER BRISTOL (Full Page) to/act 361 GRAND SALOON, SOUND STEAMER (Full Page) 363 COURTLANDT AND LIBERTY STREET FERRIES (Full Page) to/act 367 AN ATTEMPT AT SUICIDE FOILED (Full Page) to/act 35.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. VI PAVONIA AND ERIE RAILWAY FERRY (Full Page) 405 THE TOMBS 4" SCENE IN A POLICE COURT (Full Page) to/act 417 LUDLOW STREET JAIL 4»9 UNION SQUARE, AT FOURTEENTH STREET (Full Page) to/act 427 MADISON SQUARE (Full Page) '. 4=_ VIEW OF THE LAKE FROM THE TERRACE 45i THE LOWER TERRACE IN CENTRAL PARK 453 BRIDGE ACROSS THE LAKE (Full Page) 455 THE OBELISK (Full Page) 463 TRINITY CHURCH (Full Page) 47' A FANCY BALL AT THE BUCKINGHAM PALACE (Full Page) to/act 481 A WATER STREET DANCE HOUSE (Full Page).. 49* JAY GOULD - ••■•• 497 THE SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT ARMORY 499 THE SEVENTH REGIMENT ARMORY 502 WM. H. VANDERBILT 5°3 RIVER PIRATES ESCAPING FROM THE POLICE (Full Page). 519 CREEDMOOR RIFLE RANGE 528 TOO MUCH RUM (Full Page) 531 HENRY BERGH (Full Page) 535 BROOKLYN BRIDGE AND EAST RIVER (Full Page) 538 SCENE IN A BROADWAY GAMBLING HALL 544 LOW CLASS GAMBLING DEN 547 THE TUNNEL UNDER THE HUDSON RIVER 554 A. T. STEWART & CO.'S RETAIL STORE (Full Page) 557 TENEMENT HOUSE IN BAXTER STREET (Full Page) to/act 561 JERRY M'AULEY 564 MRS. M'AULEY S67 BOOTH'S THEATRE (Full Page) 575 GRAND OPERA HOUSE 576 THE HOMES OF THE POOR (Full Page) 582 SCENE IN THE CHINESE QUARTERS (Full Page) to/act 585 SHANTIES IN EIGHTH AVENUE (Full Page) 587 HOSPITAL FOR CATS (Full Page) to/act 591 THE EVENING MAIL BUILDING 600 CHEMICAL FIRE ENGINE 606 NEW YORK FIREMEN RESCUING A CHILD FROM THE FLAMES 611 HARRY HILLS (Full Page) 613 HON. JOHN KELLY 617 REV. HENRY C. POTTER, D.D , 622 REV. JOHN C. HALL, D.D 625 REV. THOS. ARMITAGE, D.D 626 REV. W. M. TAYLOR.

D.D 627 REV. ROBT. COLLYER, D.D 628 ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL (Full Page) 632 THE OLD BOWERY THEATRE 640 ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL _46 METROPOLITAN HOTEL 647 GRAND CENTRAL HOTEL .49 THE TRAMP'S BATH 653 BEER TRAMPS 6S4 EMIGRANTS LANDING AT CASTLE GARDEN (Full Page) lo /act 661 SCENE IN FULTON MARKET DURING THE WATERMELON SEASON (Full Page) to/act 665 HIGH BRIDGE 66, CONTENTS.

Chapter I. The Great Metropolis

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF NEW YORK CITY — LOCATION— NATURAL ADVANTAGES — COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES — THE STREETS — BUILDINGS — CLIMATE — HEALTHFULNESS — MORTALITY — RAPID GROWTH OF THE CITY — LOFTY BUILDINGS — DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST NOTED AND THE HIGHEST STRUCTURES IN THE CITY — REASONS FOR BUILDING SO HIGH — LAND CHEAP UP STAIRS. 33

Chapter II. The People Of New York

POPULATION OF NEW YORK IN 1870— THE STATE CENSUS OF 1875—- WH ATCHANGES tT SHOWED— POPU- LATION IN 1880 — POPULATION AFFECTED BY THE IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LOWER PART OF THE CITY — THE MOST DENSELY SETTLED PART OF NEW YORK — THE FLOATING POPULATION — STRANGERS IN NEW YORK — FOREIGN DISTRICTS — COSMOPOLITAN CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW YORKERS — LACK OF PUBLIC SPIRIT — INDIFFERENCE TO POLITI- CAL AFFAIRS — THE RESULT — THE RACE FOR WEALTH — HOW BUSINESS IS DONE IN NEW YORK — WEARING OUT BODY AND SOUL — A PHILOSOPHICAL MERCHANT — A NEW COMER'S IMPRESSIONS — LIVING TOO FAST — NO CHANCE FOR LAGGARDS — HOW SUCCESS IS WON — MERIT THE TEST — NEW YORK FROM A MORAL POINT OF VIEW — ITS CHARITIES AND BENEVOLENCE — TOLERATION OF OPINIONS AND BELIEFS — MENTAL CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE — WHAT IT COSTS TO LIVE IN NEW YORK — THE RICH AND THE MIDDLE CLASSES — NEW YORK AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE — ATTACHMENT OF THE PEOPLE TO THE CITY 51

Chapter III. The Growth Of New York

RAPID GROWTH OF NEW YORK DURING THE PAST THIRTY-FIVE YEARS — THE FLUSH TIMES AFTER THE WAR — EFFECTS OF THE PANIC OF I873 — A MOMENTARY CHECK— RETURN OF PROS- PERITY — PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE — INCREASE IN BUILDING OPERATIONS — HOW REAL ESTATE APPRECIATES IN VALUE— THE SECRET OF THE GREAT INCREASE OF WEALTH IN NEW YORK — FUTURE CENTRES OF POPULATION— WHAT NEW YORK WILL BE FIFTY YEARS HENCE — A GRAND DESTINY 65

Chapter IV. The Harbor Of New York

NATURAL ADVANTAGES OF THE HARBOR— THE OUTER AND INNER BAYS — EXCURSIONS — A TRIP DOWN THE HARBOR — SCENES ALONG THE ROUTE — THE SHIPPING — THROUGH THE INNER BAY —GOVERNOR'S ISLAND — BEDLOE'5 AND ELLIS* ISLANDS— BARTHOLDl's STATUE — LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD— THE KILL VAN ■KULL— STATEN ISLAND — THE NARROWS — THE FORTIFICATIONS — THE OUTER DAY — QUARANTINE — CONEY ISLAND — SCENES IN THE LOWER BAY — SANDY HOOK— OUT TO SEA— BACK TO NEW YORK CONTENTS.

Chapter V. Sandy Hook

DESCRIPTION OF " THE HOOK " — A NOTED LANDMARK — A SANDY WASTE— THE COVE — THE BEACH —THE LIGHT-SHIPS— THE LIFE SAVING STATION— SANDY HOOK LIGHTHOUSE — ITS HISTORY — THE KEEPER'S HOUSE — WRECKS — IN THE LIGHT-TOWER — A GRAND VIEW — OCEAN CEME- TERY — THE FORTIFICATIONS — TESTING THE HEAVY GUNS — THE NORTH LIGHT — THE SYRENS — THE TELEGRAPH STATION I04

Chapter VI. The Neversink Highlands

SITUATION OF THE HIGHLANDS — THE SHREWSBURY RIVER — RED BANK — ORIGIN OP THE NAME OF THE HIGHLANDS — AS SEEN FROM THE SEA— THE LIGHT TOWERS — A MAGNIFICENT LIGHT —VIEW FROM THE TOWER — THE PICTURES IN THE LENSES — A GLIMPSE OF FAIRY LAND. II3

Chapter VII. Municipal Government

ORGANIZATION OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT — THE MAYOR AND BOARD OF ALDERMEN — THE COM- MISSIONERS — DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENTS — POWERS OF OFFI- CIALS — THE COURTS — POLICE JUSTICES — THE MEN BY WHOM NEW YORK IS GOVERNED — RESPON- SIBILITY OF THE BETTER CLASSES — FROM THE GROG SHOP TO CIVIL POWER — WHO THE LEAD- ERS ARE — THE " BOSS" — THE RING HOW BOSS TWEED MAINTAINED HIS POWER — SPASMODIC EFFORTS AT REFORM — MT/LHOOLYISM IN NEW YORK — AN INSIDE VIEW OF MUNICIPAL POLITICS — THE SLAVE OF THE RING — LOOKING OUT FOR THE "BOYS" — THE INTERESTS OF THE CITY NEGLECTED — THE POPULAR WILL DEFIED BY THE RING. . . - . . . . Il8

Chapter VIII. Broadway

1ARLY HISTORY OF BROADWAY — UNDER THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH RULE-— PRIMITIVE NAME OP THE STREET — IT COMMENCES TO GROW— THE GREAT FIRE OF 1776— THE BROADWAY OF TO- DAY — APPEARANCE OF THE STREET — A STROLL ON BROADWAY— THE LOWER STREET — TRINITY CHURCH — THE INSURANCE COMPANIES — THE TELEGRAPH WIRES— MAGNIFICENT BUILDINGS — SCENE FROM THE POST-OFFICE — A BROADWAY JAM— LOWER BROADWAY BY NIGHT — CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIOUS PORTIONS OF THE STREET — VIEW FROM CANAL STREET — THE HOTELS — AMONG THE PUBLISHERS—" STEWART'S " — GRACE CHURCH — BROADWAY AT UNION SQUARE — THE NARROWEST PART — MADISON SQUARE — A GRAND SIGHT — UPPER BROADWAY — A STREET OF MARBLE — THE GREAT HOTELS — THE CENTRAL PARK REACHED — STREET CARS AND OMNIBUSES*— THE NIGHT LIFE OF BROADWAY — SCENES ON THE STREET — THE STREET WALKERS — THE ELECTRIC LIGHT— THE MIDNIGHT HOUR — BUSINESS ON BROADWAY. 134

Chapter IX. The Broadway Stages

POPULARITY OF THIS MODE OP CONVEYANCE — A CHEAP PLEASURE— DESCRIPTION OF THE VARI- OUS LINES THE STAGES AS REGARDS COMFORT — THE OUTSIDE SEATS — M KNOCKING DOWN IN BY-GONE DAYS — THE PATENT CASH BOX SYSTEM — THE ** SPOTTERS T1 — A NIGHT RIDE WITH JEHU — THE ** BOSS " ON THE WATCH — MYSTERIOUS SIGNALS — SKILL OF THE STAGE DRIVERS — A STAGE DRIVER PHOTOGRAPHED SUFTERINGS OF THE DRIVERS — UPS AND DOWNS OF THE CRAFT— THE MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION CONTENTS. IX

Chapter X. The Fifth Avenue

FIFTH AVENUE THE CENTRE OF FASHION AND WEALTH — DESCRIPTION OF THE STREET — A GRAND PANORAMA — LOWER FIFTH AVENUE — ENCROACHMENTS OF BUSINESS — FOURTEENTH STREET— THE " SWALLOWTAIL" DEMOCRACY— AMONG THE PIANO MAKERS — CHICKERING HALL — CHURCHES CLUBS AND ART GALLERIES — TWENTY-THIRD STREET — DELMONICO'S— THE ASTOR RESIDENCES — STEWART'S MARBLE PALACE — A REGION OF BROWN STONE — UPPER FIFTH AVENUE — THE HOTELS — THE CATHEDRAL — THE VANDERBILT MANSIONS — ALONG THE CENTRAL PARK — THE LENOX LIBRARY — THE FIFTH AVENUE MANSIONS — HOMES OF WEALTH AND LUXURY'' — HOW THEY ARE FITTED UP — FIFTH AVENUE ON NEW YEAR'S NIGHT — LIFE IN FIFTH AVENUE — THE WHIRL OF DISSIPATION — WHATITCOSTS — THE STRUGGLE FOR SHOW — THE *' NEWLY' RICH " — DARK SIDE OF FIFTH AVENUE LIFE — THE SKELETONS — FIFTH AVENUE HUSBANDS AND WIVES — THE CHILDREN — "ALL IS NOT GOLD THAT GLITTERS." 165

CHAPTER XL THE ELEVATED RAILROADS.

INCONVENIENCES OF OLD-STYLE TRAVEL — PLANS FOR RAPID TRANSIT — THE FIRST ELEVATED RAILROAD— THE PRESENT SYSTEM— THE METROPOLITAN AND NEW YORK ELEVATED ROADS — THE MANHATTAN COMPANY — DESCRIPTION OF THE ROADS — HOW THEY ARE BUILT — MODE OF OPERATIONS — STATIONS — EMPLOYEES— RAPID TRAINS — ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM— ITS DRAWBACKS — IMMENSE TRAFFIC — RESULTS OF THE ELEVATED SYSTEM — RAPID GROWTH OF THE UPPER PART OF THE CITY— A RIDE ON THE ELEVATED RAILROADS — THE NIGHT TRAINS —FROM THE BATTERY TO HARLEM BY NIGHT. 178

Chapter XII. Society

THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF SOCIETY— THE BEST OF ALL — THE "OLD KNICKERBOCKERS" — A HEAVY SET OF SWELLS — RICHES AND CULTURE COMBINED — THE NEWLY RICH — THE CONTROLLING ELEMENT — HOW SHODDY GETS INTO SOCIETY — THE POWER OF MONEY — FASHIONABLE SNOB- BERY — FROM THE TENEMENT HOUSE TO THE FIFTH AVENUE MANSION — MANIA FOR COATS OF ARMS — HOW BOSS TWEED WAS VICTIMIZED — SUDDEN APPEARANCES AND DISAPPEAR- ANCES IN SOCIETY — " RICHES HAVE WINGS " — A FAILURE AND A TRIUMPH — WHAT IT COSTS- MONEY THE ONE THING NEEDFUL — EXTRAVAGANCE OF NEW YORK SOCIETY' — LOVE OF DRESS — A FASHIONABLE LADY'S WARDROBE — FOLLIES OF THE MEN — PAS5ION FOR THE LEG BUSI- NESS^ — FASHIONABLE ENTERTAINMENTS — THE END OF EXTRAVAGANT CAREERS — THE SKELE- TONS SOMETIMES COME OUT OF THEIR CLOSETS— FASHIONABLE BALLS AND PARTIES — HOW THEY ARE GIVEN — INVITATIONS— BALL ROOM SCENES — THE SUPPERS — A SWELL CONVERSATION — FASHIONABLE THIEVES— AN ARISTOCRATIC SNEAK THIEF — HOW A BROKER KEPT HIS PLACE IN SOCIETY — A DETECTIVE'S EXPERIENCE IN FASHIONABLE LIFE — THE PRETTY WIDOW AND THE LACES — FASHIONABLE RECEPTIONS — WEDDINGS IN HIGH LIFE — ARRANGED ON A PECU- NIARY BASIS — MONEY THE ATTRACTION — HOW HEARTS ARE BOUGHT AND SOLD— THE WED- DING FESTIVITIES— GUARDING THE BRIDAL PRESENTS — WHAT IT ALL COSTS — FASHIONABLE DEATH — ONLY THE RICH CAN AFFORD TO DIE IN NEW YORK COST OF A FASHIONABLE FUNERAL — INTERESTING DETAILS 195

Chapter XIII. The Street Railways

THE PRESENT STREET-RAILWAY SYSTEM — IMMENSE BUSINESS DONE BY THE SURFACE ROADS — EXPENSES AND RECEIPTS — HOW THE ELEVATED ROADS HAVE AFFECTED THE HORSE RAIL- WAYS — DISCOMFORTS OF THE STREET CARS — THE CONDUCTORS AND DRIVERS — STORY OF A CONDUCTOR'S LOT — HARD WORK AND POOR PAY — KNOCKING DOWN — HOW IT IS DONE — BEAT- ING THE BELL-PUNCH 23* CONTENTS. X

Chapter XIV. Sixth Avenue

RAPID ADVANCE OF SIXTH AVENUE IN PROSPERITY— DESCRIPTION OF THE STREET— THE LOWER PORTION— THE TENEMENT HOUSES — FRENCH FLATS — THE ELEVATED RAILROAD AND ITS STATIONS— A BUSY SCENE— SIXTH-AVENUE STORES— " MACEY'S "—THE JEFFERSON MARKET POLICE COURT — BOOTH'S THEATRE — THE MASONIC TEMPLE— " THE TABERNACLE" — SIXTH AVENUE BY NIGHT— A CHANGE OF SCENE— THE STREET-WALKERS— BRAZEN VICE— THE FRENCHWOMEN — SNARING A VICTIM — SHAMEFUL SCENES ON THE AVENUE — THE STREET A TERROR TO DECENT PEOPLE — THE ROUGHS — SIXTH-AVENUE OYSTER HOUSES AND BEER SA- LOONS—SCENE IN A FLASH SALOON — A YOUTHFUL CRIMINAL — THE DETECTIVE'S PRIZE — SIXTH AVENUE AFTER MIDNIGHT— A DRUNKEN SINGER — " IN THE SWEET BYE-AND-BYE " — NO EFFORT MADE TO CHECK THE EVIL. . 25°

Chapter XV. Coaching Day

MEMORIES OF BYGONE DAY5 — STAGE COACHING IN FORMER YEARS — REVIVAL OF COACHING IN NEW YORK — COLONEL KANE'S ENTERPRISE — THE " TALLY HO " — A HANDSOME SUCCESS — SOCIETY ADOPTS COACHING AS THE*' CORRECTTHING " — THECOACHING CLUB ORGANIZED — COACHING DAY — THE ANNUAL PARADE — A BRILLIANT SIGHT. 258

Chapter XVI. The Streets Of New York

MADISON AVENUE — MILES OF BROWN STONE — PARK AVENUE — LEXINGTON AVENUE — THIRTY- FOURTH AND FIFTY-SEVENTH STREETS — MAGNIFICENT RESIDENCES — THIRD AVENUE THE GREAT HIGHWAY OF THE EAST SIDE — EIGHTH AVENUE THE SMALL TRADERS' PARADISE — THE SATURDAY NIGHT MARKET — TWENTY-THIRD AND FOURTEENTH STREETS — DISAPPEARANCE OF LANDMARKS — CHANGES IN THE CHARACTER OF THE STREETS — A GLANCE AT TWENTY-THIRD STREET TO-DAY — ''THE BEGGARS' PARADISE " — STREET CHARACTERS — A YOUNG IMPOSTOR- KICKED FROM A HORSE CAR INTO A HOME — BLEECKER STREET — LIFE IN BOHEMIA — A STREET WHERE NO QUESTIONS ARE ASKED — GRAND STREET — CHATHAM STREET — THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL AND THEIR WAYS — FULTON STREET — NASSAU STREET — A CROWDED NEIGHBORHOOD PECULIARITIES OF THE STREET — PINE STREET — AMONG THE MONEYED MEN — WEST AND 265 SOUTH STREETS — ALONG THE WATER SIDE — BUSY SCENES.

Chapter XVII. Divorces Without Publicity

QUEER ADVERTISEMENTS — THE *' DIVORCE RING" — ITS FIELD OF OPERATIONS — THE DIVORCE LAWYER — WHO HE IS — HEADQUARTERS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE RING SCENE IN A LAW- YER'S OFFICE — A RICH CLIENT — " OFF WITH THE OLD LOVE AND ON WITH THE NEW** — A CHARACTERISTIC CASE — "THE EASIEST THING IN THE WORLD TO GET A DIVORCE" — WEST- ERN DIVORCES — HOW A MERCHANT MADE A MISTRESS OF HIS WIFE — WHO ARE THE CLIENTS — COST OF A DIVORCE — HOW IT IS MANAGED — THE REFEREE SYSTEM — SPOTTING A HUSBAND — MANUFACTURING EVIDENCE — THE " OLD MAN " ENTRAPPED — PROFESSIONAL WITNESSES — THE DIVORCE LAWYER'S SYSTEM OF DRUMMING UP BUSINESS — DIRTY WORK FOR TEN PER CENT.— 5ERVING A SUMMONS — A MOCKERY OF JUSTICE — POWER OF THE RING THE COURTS AND BAR AFRAID TO BREAK IT UP e8i

Chapter XVIII. Christmas In New York

PREPARATIONS FOR CHRISTMAS — HOLIDAY' APPEARANCE OF THE CITY — STREET SCENES — BUSINESS BOOMING — SCENES IN THE CITY BY NIGHT — A NOVEL SIGHT ON THE ELEVATED RAILROAD TRAINS — BUSY TIMES IN THE MARKETS — THE TURKEYS — TRINITY CHIMES — MIDNIGHT SER- VICES—CHRISTMAS DAY— HOW IT IS OBSERVED IN NEW YORK — CHRISTMAS WITH THE POOR- CONTENTS. XI

Chapter XIX. Public Buildings

THE CITY HALL— THE GOVERNOR'S ROOM — THE COUNTY COURT HOUSE— REMINISCENCES OF THE "TWEED RING" — THE HALL OF RECORDS — THE UNITED STATES SUB-TREASURY — THE GREAT VAULTS — HOW UNCLE SAM'S MONEY IS GUARDED — THE ASSAY OFFICE — THE CUSTOM HOUSE-— A NOBLE EDIFICE — THE BUSINESS OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK — DUTIES OF OFFICIALS — THE BARGE OFFICE — PASSING THROUGH THE CUSTOM HOUSE — CUSTOM HOUSE BROKERS — TAM- MANY HALL — THE TAMMANY' SOCIETY — POLITICAL ORGANIZATION — "BOSS KELLY " — THE COOPER UNION — WORK OF THE INSTITUTION — THE BIBLE HOUSE — A GREAT WORK DONE — THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN — HOW THE SCHOOLS ARE CONDUCTED — ANNUAL EXHIBI- TIONS — THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING — THE LECTURE ROOM — A REFUGE FOR YOUNG MEN — THE GRAND CENTRAL RAILROAD DEPOT— INTERNAL ARRANGE- MENTS — THE CAR HOUSE — THE FOURTH AVENUE TUNNELS. 296

Chapter XX. New Year's Calls

new York's great festal day — preparations for new year's day — the hair-dressers* rounds — reception cards — how they are issued — joint receptions — the card-bas' ket and its meaning — ladies' toilets — a chance for reform — the first callers-- the veterans — advantages of a list — scenes toward nightfall — too much punch — mrs. b.'s reception — a sweet finale — new year in the kitchen — how the saloons celebrate the day — refreshments and punch for all — new york with a headache — ladies' day. 320

Chapter XXI. Among The Bulls And Bears Of Wall Street

DESCRIPTION OF WALL STREET — VALUE OF REAL ESTATE — ENORMOUS RENTS — ORIGIN OF THE NAME OF THE STREET — NOTABLE BUILDINGS — TRANSACTIONS OF THE STREET — THE SCENE AT NOON — THE STOCK EXCHANGE — THE LONG ROOM — OUTSIDE DEALERS — THE REGULAR BOARD — HOW BUSINESS IS CONDUCTED IN THE EXCHANGE — THE VICE-PRESIDENT — RULES OF THE EXCHANGE — GOOD FAITH EXACTED OF ITS MEMBERS — THE GOVERNMENT BOARD — CHARACTERISTIC SCENES — THE VAULTS AND THEIR TREASURES — THE TELEGRAPH INSTRU- MENTS — THE "TICKERS" — LIFE OF A STOCK BROKER — SPORTS OF THE EXCHANGE — THE CLEARING HOUSE AND ITS OPERATIONS — CURBSTONE BROKERS— RECKLESS TRANSACTIONS — STOCK SPECULATIONS— BUYING AND SELLING ON COMMISSION— UNCERTAINTIES OF THE STREET— HOW FORTUNES ARE MADE AND LOST ON WALL STREET— STOCK GAMBLING — WHO ARE THE SPECULATORS — A DARING BROKER— " BLACK FRIDAY*' — HOW AN OPERATOR WA?

RUINED — STOCK SWINDLERS — SHARPERS IN WALL STREET — THE COMBINATION SYSTEM— A BAREFACED SWINDLE— ACTION OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT— HOW BOGUS OPERATORS FLEECE UNSUSPECTING CUSTOMERS— AN INSIDE VIEW OF THE COMBINATION SYSTEM- ENORMOUS PROFITS— THE SWINDLE EXPOSED — A WARNING TO WOULD-BE SPECULATORS. 330

Chapter XXII. Along The Wharves

WRETCHED CHARACTER OF THE WHARVES— PLAN FOR A NEW SYSTEM— THE NORTH RIVER FRONT THE RAILROAD PIERS— THE FERRY HOUSES— THE FOREIGN STEAMSHIPS— THE FLOATING PALACES OF THE HUDSON AND LONG ISLAND SOUND— THE BETHEL— THE BOAT STORES— THE GRAIN ELEVATORS— THE EAST RIVER FRONT— SAILING VESSELS— THE SHIP YARDS— THE DRY DOCKS— THE CANAL BOATS— SCENES ON BOARD— THE FRUIT TRADE— THE FISH MARKET— SCENES ALONG THE WHARVES— ACCIDENTS— THE RESCUE STATION?— TH3 VOLUNTEER LIFE-SAVING CORPS—" NAN, THE LIFE SAVER." CONTENTS.

Chapter XXIII. Police

ORIGIN OF THE NEW YORK POLICE FORCE— THE OLD TIME POLICEMEN— " OLD HAYES "— INCREASE OF CRIME— GEORGE W. MATSELL— THE FIRST REGULAR POLICE FORCE — OPPOSITION TO IT— THE METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE ORGANIZED — THE MUNICIPAL POLICE — POLICE HEADQUARTERS— THE COMMISSIONERS— SUPERINTENDENT WALLING — THE SUBORDINATE OFFICERS— THE PATROLMEN— QUALIFICATIONS OF A POLICEMAN— THE BROADWAY SQUAD — DUTIES OF THE FORCE — OMNIPRESENCE OF THE TOLICE — POWER OVER THE ROUGHS — DAN- GERS OF A POLICEMAN'S LIFE — DARING EXPLOITS OF CAPTAINS WILLIAMS AND ALLAIRE — FIGHTING A MOB — FEAR OF THE " LOCUSTS " — UNIFORM OF THE FORCE — HOW THE CITY IS PATROLLED — HOURS OF DUTY' — A SINGULAR POLICEMAN — HOW TETE JOINED THE FORCE — HIS SERVICES — ARRESTS — THE STATION HOUSES — INTERNAL ARRANGEMENTS — THE "BUM- MERS* ROOMS " — HOW VAGRANTS ARE LODGED — THE SERGEANT IN CHARGE — A NIGHT IN A POLICE STATION— A FEMALE TRAMP — " DRUNK AND DISORDERLY''* — A CASE OF DISTRESS — A FRUITLESS ERRAND — A NEW WAY TO GET HOME AT NIGHT — SEARCH FOR A MISSING HUSBAND — A POLITICAL ROW — YOUNG BLOODS ON A LARK — COSTLY FUN — A WOULD-BE-SUICIDE — BROUGHT BACK FROM THE GRAVE — A JOLLY TRAMP — A GHASTLY SPECTACLE — MASKERS IN A STATION HOUSE — THE MOUNTED POLICE — A SENSIBLE HORSE — THE HARBOR POLICE — A HARD LIFE — PROVISION FOR DISABLED POLICEMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES 368

Chapter XXIV. Ferries

new York's only meansof communication with the main land — number of ferries — the ferry boats — crossing in a fog — annoyances of ferry travel — the ferry' houses — a moonlight ride on a ferry boat — a suicide — accidents. . . . 404

Chapter XXV. The Prisons Of New York

THE TOMBS — DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING — THE INTERIOR — THE "BRIDGE OF SIGHS*' — PLACE OF EXECUTION — THE MALE PRISON — THE CELLS — THE WOMEN'S PRISON — THE "BUMMERS' HALL"— THE WARDEN'S OFFICE— THE "SWELL CELLS1' — THE BOYS* PRISON- RELIGIOUS SERVICES— GOVERNMENT OF THE TOMBS — WARDEN FINN— THE MATRON— A PRISON OF DETENTION — NOTED ESCAPES FROM THE TOMES — " BLACK MARIA " — THE POLICE COURT — HOW PRISONERS ARE DISPOSED OF — THE COURT OF SPECIAL SESSIONS — THE "TOMBS SHYSTERS "—LUDLOW STREET JAIL — THE SHERIFF'S PRISON — IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT — CAPTIVE MILITIAMEN — FEDERAL PRISONERS' — EXTORTIONS PRACTICED UPON PRISONERS— HOW THE DEPUTY SHERIFFS BLEED THEIR VICTIMS 409

Chapter XXVI. Public Squares

THE BATTERY PARK— ITS HISTORY— THE BATTERY IN OLD TIMES— ITS PRESENT CONDITION— A DELIGHTFUL BREATHING PLACE — THE BARGE OFFICE — THE BOWLING GREEN — THE CITY HALL PARK — TOMPKINS SQUARE— SQUANDERING THE PUBLIC FUNDS — A FINE PARK RUINED WASHINGTON SQUARE— UNION SQUARE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS— THE " SLAVE MARKET" —STUYVESANT SQUARE — MADISON SQUARE— A DELIGHTFUL PLEASURE-GROUND— MAGNIFI- CENT SURROUNDINGS — GRAMMERCY PARK — RESERVOIR SQUARE — MOUNT MORRIS SQUARE — MORNINGSIDE PARK — RIVERSIDE PARK. .22 CONTENTS. XIII

Chapter XXVII

I THE PAWNBROKERS AND THEIR WAYS. THE SIGN OF THE THREE BALLS — LAWS RESPECTING PAWNBROKERS — HOW LICENSES ARE ISSUED — DISREGARD OF THE LAW BY THE PAWNBROKERS — SOURCES OF PROFIT — EXCESSIVE INTEREST — ■ STORAGE CHARGES — SALES OF UNREDEEMED GOODS — WHO ARE THE PAWNBROKERS — THE JEWS — A DISHONEST CLASS — SUCKING THE LIFE-BLOOD OF THE POOR — HOW CUSTOMERS ARE SWINDLED CHARACTERISTIC SCENE IN A PAWN SHOP — THE JEWS* ONE PER CENT. — AN INSIDE VIEW OF THE BUSINESS — DRUMMING UP CUSTOM 432

Chapter XXVIII. The Central Park

PLANS FOR A GRAITO PARK — CHOICE OF A SITE — THE PARK COMMISSION OK GAWIZ ED— DIFFICUL- TIES IN THE WAY — THE WORK BEGUN — THE RESULT — THE CENTRAL PARK OF TO-DAY — COST OF THE PARK — THE UPPER AND LOWER PARKS — THE ENTRANCES — THE POND — THE OLD ARSENAL — THE MENAGERIE — THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY — THE BALL GROUND — THE DAIRY— AMUSEMENTS FOR CHILDREN — THE GREEN— THE SHEEPFOLD — THE SEVENTH REGIMENT STATUE— STATUE OF WEBSTER — THE MARBLE ARCH— THE MALL— STATUES ON THE MALL — THE PLAZA — THE VINE-COVERED WALK — THE ARCADE — THE TERRACE — THE ESPLAN- ADE— THE BETHESDA FOUNTAIN — THE LAKE— BOATING — SKATING SCENES— THE CONSERVA- TORY YVATER — THE RAMBLE — THE CAVE — THE BELVEDERE — THE CROTON RESERVOIRS — THE UPPER PARK— HARLEM BEER — THE OLD POWDEK HOUSE — THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART — THE DI CESNOLA COLLECTION — THE OBELISK — A VENERABLE RELIC OF THE ANCIENT WORLD— THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — THE TRANSVERSE ROADS— A TRI- UMPH OF ENGINEERING — THE PARK COMMISSION — THE POLICE REGULATIONS — PARK TRAFFIC. +4"