The History of England from the accession of James the Second ... A new edition, etc

Chapter I. Page Page

Introduction i Britain under the Romans . . 2 Britain under the Saxons ; Conversion of the Saxons to Christianity . 3 Danish Invasions .... 5 The Normans 6 The Norman Conquest ... 7 Separation of England and Normandy; Amalgamation of Races . . 8 English Conquests on the Continent 9 Wars of the Roses ; Extinction of Villenage; Beneficial operation of the Roman Catholic Religion . . n The Early English Polity often misrepresented, and why ... 13 Nature of the Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages ; Prerogatives of the early English Kings . . 14 Limitations of the Prerogative . 15 Resistance an ordinary Check on Tyranny in the Middle Ages . . 17 Peculiar Character of the English Aristocracy ...... 19 Government ofthe Tudors 1 . .20 Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages generally turned into Absolute Monarchies 21 The English Monarchy a singular Exception ; the Reformation and its Effects 22 Origin of the Church of England ; her peculiar Character ... 26 Relation in which she stood to the Crown ...... 27 The Puritans . . . . .29 Their Republican Spirit ; no systematic Parliamentary Opposition offered to the Government of Elizabeth . 30 Question of the Monopolies . . 31 Scotland and Ireland become Parts of the same Empire with England . 32 Diminution of the Importance of England after the Accession of James I. 34 Doctrine of Divine Right . . 35 The Separation between the Church and the Puritans becomes wider . 37 Accession and Character of Charles I. ; Tactics of the Opposition in the House of Commons ; Petition of Right 42 Petition of Right violated ; Character and Designs of Wentworth . . 43 Character of Laud ; Star Chamber and High Commission ... 44 Ship-money ..... 45 Resistance to the Liturgy in Scotland 46 A Parliament called and dissolved . 47 The Long Parliament ... 48 First Appearance of the Two great English Parties .... 49 The Irish Rebellion ... 52 The Remonstrance .... 53 Impeachment of the Five Members 54 Departure of Charles from London 55 Commencement of the Civil War . 56 Successes of the Royalists . . 57 Rise of the Independents ; Oliver Cromwell 58 Self-denying Ordinance; Victory of the Parliament .... 59 Domination and Character of the Army 60 Risings against the Military Government suppressed .... 61 Proceedings against the King . 62 His Execution ..... 63 Subjugation of Ireland and Scotland 64 Expulsion ofthe Long Parliament . 65 The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell 67 Oliver succeeded by Richard . . 69 Fall of Richard and Revival of the Long Parliament ; Second Expulsion of the Long Parliament . . 71 The Army of Scotland marches into England ..... 72 Monk declares for a Free Parliament ; General Election of 1660 . . 73 The Restoration , . .

VI CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IL PAGE PAGE

It is cancelled, and the Test Act passed 109 The Cabal dissolved; Peace with the United Provinces ; Administration of Danby no Embarrassing Situation ofthe Country Party ; Dealings of that Party with the French Embassy . . . 112 Peace of Nimeguen ; Violent Discontents in England .... 113 Fall of Danby ; the Popseh Plot . 114 First General Election of 1679 . 11b Violence ofthe new House of Commons 117 Temple's Plan of Government . 118 Character of Halifax . . . 119 Character of Sunderland . . 121 Prorogation ofthe Parliament ; Habeas Corpus Act ; Second General Election of 1679 ; Popularity of Monmouth 122 Lawrence Hyde ; Sidney Godolphin 125 Violence of Factions on the Subject of the Exclusion Bill; Names of Whig and Tory ..... 126 Meeting of Parliament ; the Exclusion Bill passes the Commons ; Exclusion Bill rejected by the Lords ; Execution of Stafford .... 127 General Election of 1681 ; Parliament held at Oxford, and dissolved ; Tory Reaction ..... 128 Persecution of the Whigs ; Charter of the City confiscated ; Whig Conspiracies ...... 130 Detection of the Whig Conspiracies; Severity of the Government ; Seizure of Charters ..... 132 Influence of the Duke of York ; he is opposed by Halifax . . . 133 Lord Guildford .... 134 Policy of Lewis .... 135 State of Factions in the Court of Charles at the time of bis death . 136 Conduct of those who restored the Lfouseof Stu.m unjustly censured 75 Abolition of Tenures by Knight Service ; Disbanding of the Army . 76 Disputes between the Roundheads and Cavaliers renewed ... 77 Religious Dissension ... 78 Unpopularity ofthe Puritans . . 79 Character of Charle- II. . . 82 Characters of the Duke of York and Earl of Clarendon ... 84 General Election of 1661 . . 86 Violence of the Cavaliers in the new Parliament : Persecution ofthe Puritans 87 Zeal of the Church for Hereditary Monarchy ; Change in the Morals of the Community .... 88 Profligacy of Politicians ... 89 State of Scotland .... 91 State of Ireland ; The Government becomes unpopular in England . 92 War with the Dutch ... 94 Opposition in the House of Commons 95 Fall of Clarendon . . . 96 State of European Politics, and Ascendency of France . . . 97 .

Character of Lewis XIV. . . 98 The Triple Alliance ... 99 The Country Party . . . 100 Connection between Charles II. and France 101 Views of Lewis with respect to England 102 Treaty of Dover .... 103 Nature of the English Cabinet : the Cabal ...... 104 Shutting ofthe Exchequer ; War with the United Provinces, and their extreme danger .... 106 William, Prince of Orange . 107 Meeting of the Parliament; Declaration of Indulgence . . . 108

Chapter III

Great Change in the State of England since 1685 ..... 137 Population of England in 1685 . 138 Increase of Population greater in the North than in the South . . 139 Revenue in 1685 .... 140 Military System .... 142 The Navy 146 The Ordnance ..... 149 Non-effective Charge ; Charge of Civil Government ; great gains of Ministers and Courtiers . . . 150 State of Agriculture . . . 152 Mineral Wealth of the Country . 154 Increase of Rent ; the Country Gentlemen ...... 156 The Clergy 158 The Yeomanry . . . .163 Growth of the Towns ; Bristol . 164 Norwich . . . . . .165 Other Country Towns ; Manchester 166 Leeds; Sheffield .... 167 Birmingham ; Liverpool ; Wateringplaces 16S Cheltenham ; Brighton ; Buxton ; Tunbridge Wells .... 169 Bath ; London .... 170 The City 17I Fashionable Part ofthe Capital . 174 Police of London ; Lighting of London ; Whitefriars .... 177 The Court 173 The Coffee Houses . . . .179 Difficulty of Travelling ; Badness of the Roads . - . . ." 182 Stage Coaches .... 185 Highwaymen ..... 186 Inns - 187 Post Office 188 Newspapers ..... 190 Newsletters ; the Observator . . 191 Scarcity of Books in Country Places J Female Education . . . jg2 Literary Attainments of Gentlemen CONTENTS.

VII PAGE PAGE Influence os French Literature . 194 Immorality of the Polite Literature of England 195 State of Science in England . . 198 State of the Fine Arts . . .201 State of the Common People ; Agricultural Wages 203 Wages of Manufacturers . . 204 Labour of Children in Factories; Wages , of different Classes of Artisans : Number of Paupers . . . 205 Benefits derived by the Common People from the Progress of Civilisation 206 Delusion which leads Men to overrate the Happiness of preceding Generations 208

Chapter IV

Death of Charles II. . . . 209 Suspicions of Poison . . . 215 Speech of James II. to the Privy Council 216 James proclaimed ; State of the Administration . . . . .217 New Arrangements .... 218 Sir George Jeffreys .... 219 The Revenue collected without an Act of Parliament ; A Parliament called ; Transactions between James and the French King .... 222 Churchill sent Ambassador to France ; his History ..... 224 Feelings of the Continental Governments towards England . . 226 Policy of the Court of Rome . . 227 Struggle in the Mind of James ; Flue tuations of his Policy . . . 229 Public Celebration of the Roman Catholic Rites in the Palace . 230 His Coronation .... 231 Enthusiasm of the Tories ; Addresses 232 The Elections ..... 233 Proceedings against Oates . . 233 Proceedings against Dangerfield . 238 Proceedings against Baxter . . 239 Meeting ofthe Parliament of Scotland 241 Feeling of James towards the Puritans 242 Cruel Treatment of the Scotch Covenanters ...... 243 Feeling of James towards the Quakers 245 William Penn 247 Peculiar Favour shown to Roman Catholics and Quakers . . 248 Meeting of the English Parliament ; Trevor chosen Speaker; Character of Seymour ..... 250 The King's Speech to the Parliament ; Debate in the Commons ; Speech of r Seymour ..... 251 The Revenue voted ; Proceedings of the Commons concerning Religion 252 Additional Taxes voted ; Sir Dudley North 253 Proceedings of the Lords . . 254 Bill for reversing the Attainder of Stafford 255

Chapter V

Whig Refugees on the Continent . 255 Their Correspondents in England . 256 Characters of the leading Refugees ; AylofTe ; Wade ; Goodcnough . 257 Rumbold ; Lord Grey . . . 258 Monmouth; Ferguson . . . 259 Scotch Refugees ; EarlofArgyle . 262 Sir Patrick Hume .... 263 Sir John Cochrane ; Fletcher of Saltoun ; Unreasonable Conduct of the Scotch Refugees .... 264 Arrangement for an Attempt on England and Scotland . . . 265 John Locke ; Preparations made by Government for the Defence of Scotland . .... 266 Conversation of James with the Dutch Ambassadors ; Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Argyle from Sailing . 267 Departure of Argyle from Holland 263 He lands in Scotland ; bis Disputes with his Followers . . . 269 Temper ofthe Scotch Nation . 270 Argyle's forces dispersed ; Argyle a prisoner ..... 272 His Execution .... 275 Execution of Rumbold . . . 276 Death of Ayloffe ; Devastation of Argyleshire ..... 277 Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Monmouth from leaving Holland . 278 His arrival at Lyme . . . 279 His Declaration ; his Popularity in the West of England . . . 280 Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Bridport . . . 282 Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Axminster ; News of the Rebellion carried to London ; Loyalty of the Parliament . . . 283 Reception of Monmouth at Taunton ... . 285 He takes the Title of King . . 287 His Reception at Bridgewater ; Preparations of the Government to oppose him ..... 289 His Design on Bristol . . . 291 He relinquishes that Design ; Skirmish at Philip's Norton . . 292 Despondence of Monmouth . . 293 He returns to Bridgewater; the Royal Army encamps at Sedgemoor . 294 Battle of Sedgemoor . . 296 Pursuit ofthe Rebels ; Military Executions ; Flight of Monmouth . 300 His Capture 301 His Letter to the King . . . 302 He is carried to London; his Interview with the King . , . 303 His Execution .... 305 His Memory cherished by the Common People CONTENTS.

VIII PAGE PAGE Cruelties of the Soldiers in the West ; Kirke 309 Jeffreys sets out on the Western Circuit 311 Trial of Alice Lisle . . . 312 The Bloody Assizes . . . 314 Abraham Holmes ; Christopher Battiscombe ; the Hewlings . . 316 Punishment of Tutchin . . . 317 Rebels transported ; Confiscation and Extortion 318 Rapacity of the Queen and of her Ladies 319 Grey ; Cochrane ; Storey ; Wade, Goodenough, and Ferguson . 323 Jeffreys made Lord Chancellor . 324 Trial and Execution of Cornish . 325 Trials and Executions of Fernley and Elizabeth Gaunt .... 326 Trial and Execution of Bateman ; Persecution ofthe Protestant Dissenters 327

Chapter VI

Castlemaine sent to Rome ; the Huguenots ill-treated by James . 365 The Dispensing Power . . . 367 Dismission of refractory Judges . 368 Case of Sir Edward Hales . . 369 Roman Catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices ; Sclater; Walker; the Deanery of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic 370 Disposal of Bishoprics ; Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against the Church ; his Difficulties ..... 371 He creates a New Court of High Commission . 373 Proceedings against the Bishop of London 37s Discontent excited by the Public Display of Roman Catholic Rites and Vestments ..... 376 Riots 377 A Camp formed at Hounslow ; Samuel Johnson ..... 378 Hugh Speke ; Proceedings against Johnson 379 Zeal of the Anglican Clergy against Popery ..... 380 The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched ..... 381 State of Scotland .... 382 Queensberry ; Perth and Melfort . 383 Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in Scotland ;[ Riots at Edinburgh 384 Anger of the King ; his Plans concerning Scotland; Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London ...... 385 Their Negotiations with the King ; Meeting oftbe Scotch Estates; they prove refractory .... 386 They are adjourned . . . 388 Arbitrary System of Government in Scotland 389 Ireland; State ofthe Law on the Subject of Religion ; Llostility of Races 390 Aboriginal Peasantry ; Aboriginal Aristocracy ..... 391 State ofthe English Colony . . 392 Course which James ought to have followed 3g3 His Errors 394 Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant 3g5 The Power of James at the height 328 His Foreign Policy ; his Plans of Domestic Government . . . 329 The Habeas Corpus Act ; the Standing Army 330 Designs in favour of the Roman Catholic Religion 331 Violation ofthe Test Act . . 333 Disgrace of Halifax ; General Discontent _ ,- 334 Persecution ofthe French Huguenots 335 Effect of that Persecution in England 336 Meeting of Parliament ; Speech ofthe King; an Opposition formed in the House of Commons . . . 337 Sentiments of Foreign Governments 338 Committee of the Commons on the King's Speech .... 339 Defeat of the Government , . 341 Second Defeat of the Government; the King reprimands the Commons ; Coke committed by the Commons for Disrespect to the King . . 342 Opposition to the Government in the Lords ; the Earl of Devonshire . 343 The Bishop of London ; Viscount Mordaunt ...... 344 Prorogation ..... 345 Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden : Trial of Delamere . . 346 Effect of his Acquittal ; Parties in the Court ; Feeling of the Protestant Tories . .... 348 Pub'ication of Papers found in the Strong Box of Charles II. . - 349 Feeling of the respectable Roman Catholics 350 Cabal of violent Roman Catholics ; Castelmaine ; Jermyn ; White ; Tyrconnel ..... 351 Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments .... 353 The Pope and the Order of Js-sus opposed to each other ; the Order of Jesus . . . . _ . .354 Father Petre 357 The King's Temper and Opinions . 358 The King encouraged in

his Errors by Sunderland 359 Perfidy of Jeffreys .... 360 Godolphin ; the Queen ; Amours of the King ; Catharine Sedley . 361 Intrigues of Rochester in favour of Catharine Sedley - . . 362 Decline of Rochester's Influence .

CONTENTS. IX PAGE PAGE His Mortifications ; Panic among the Colonists 296 Arrival of Tyrconnel at Dublin as General ..... 397 His Partiality and Violence . . 398 He is bent on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement ; he returns to England ; the King displeased with Clarendon 399 Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal 400 Attempts of James to convert Rochester 401 Dismission of Rochester . . . 403 Dismission of Clarendon ; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy .... 404 Dismay of the English Colonists in Ireland ..... 405 Effect of the Fall of the Hydes . 406

Chapter VII

William, Prince of Orange ; his appearance 406 His Early Life and Education . 407 His Theological Opinions; his Military Qualifications . . . 408 His Love of Danger : his Bad Health ; Coldness of his Manners and Sirength of his Emotions ; his Friendship for Bcntinck . . 410 Mary, Princess of Orange . . 412 Gilbert Burnet .... 413 He brings about a Understanding between the Prince and Princess 415 Relations between William and English Parties ; his Feelings towards England ; his Feelings towards Holland and France . . . 416 His policy consistent throughout . 419 Treaty of Augsburg ; Williambecomes the head ofthe English opposition 421 Mordaunt proposes to William a descent on England ; William rejects the advice ..... 422 Discontent in England after the Fall of the Hydes ; Conversions to Popery ; Peterborough ; Salisbury ; Wycherly ..... 423 Tindal ; Haines; Dryden . . 424 The Hind and Panther . . . 425 Change in the Policy of the Court towards the Puritans . . . 427 Partial Toleration granted in Scotland 429 Closeting; it is unsuccessful ; Admiral Herbert 430 Declaration of Indulgence . . 431 Feeling of the Protestant Dissenters ; Feeling of the Church of England 432 The Court and the Church - . 433 Letter to a Dissenter . . . 434 Conduct of the Dissenters . . 435 Some of the Dissenters side with the Court ; Care ; Alsop ; Rosewell . 436 Lobb ; Penn ; the Majority ofthe Puritans are against the Court ; Baxter 437 Howe ; Bunyan .... 438 Kiffin ...... 439 The Prince and Princess of Orange hostile to the Declaration of Indulgence 442 Their Views respecting the English Roman Catholics vindicated . 44^ Enmity of James to Burnet . . 440 Mission of Dykvelt to England . 447 Negotiations of Dykvelt with English Statesmen; Danby; Nottingham 448 Halifax 449 Devonshire 450 Edward Russell .... 451 Compton ; Herbert; Chu.chill . 452 Lady Churchill and the Princess Anne 453 Dykvelt returns to the Hague with Letters from many eminent Englishmen ; Zulestein's Mission ; growing Enmity between James and William 455 Influence ofthe Dutch Press . . 456 Correspondence of Stewart and Fagel; Castelmaine's Embassy to Rome 457

Chapter VIII

Consecration of the Nuncio at Saint James's Palace ; his public Reception ; the Duke of Somerset . 460 Dissolution of the Parliament ; Military Offences illegally punished . 461 Proceedings of the High Commission; the Universities .... 462 Proceedings against the University of Cambridge ; the Earl of Mulgrave 464 State of Oxford .... 466 Magdalene College, Oxford . . 467 Anthony Farmer recommended by the King for President ; Election of the President ..... 469 The Fellows of Magdalene cited before the High Commission ; Parker recommended as President; the Charterhouse .... 470 The Royal Progress . . . 471 The King at Oxford ; he reprimands the Fellows of Magdalene . . 472 Penn attempts to mediate . . 473 Special Ecclesiastical Commissioners sent to Oxford ; Protest of Hough 475 Parker; Ejection of the Fellows . 476 Magdalene College turned into a Popish Seminary .... 477 Resentment of the Clergy . . 478 Schemes of the Jesuitical Cabal respecting the Succession . . 479 Scheme of James and Tyrconnel for preventing the Princess of Orange from succeeding to the Kingdom of Ireland ; the Queen pregnant ; General Incredulity . . .

CONTENTS. X PACE PACE sormists of London ; Consultation of the London Clergy . . . 49s Consultation at Lambeth Palace . 499 Petition of the Seven Bishops presented to the King . . . 5°° The London Clergy disobeythe Royal Order; hesitation of the Government 502 It is determined to prosecute the Bishops for a Libel . . . 5°3 They are examined by the Privy Council 504 They are committed to the Tower ; Birth of the Pretender . . 505 He is generally believed to be supposititious . 5°6 The Bishops brought before the King's Bench and bailed . ■ • 5°8 Agitation of the Public Mind . . 5°9 X) neasiness of Sunderland . - 510 He professes himself a Roman Catholic ; Trial ofthe Bishops . . 511 The Verdict ; Joy of the People . 517 Peculiar State of Public Feeling at this time 520 Feeling of the Constituent Bodies and of the Peers 482 James determines to pack a Parliament ...... 483 The Board of Regulators ; many Lords Lieutenants dismissed ; the Earl of Oxford 484 The Earl of Shrewsbury ■ ■ 485 The Earl of Dorset . ■ 486 Questions put to the Magistrates; their Answers ; Failure of the King's Plans 488 List of Sheriffs .... 490 Character of the Roman Catholic Country Gentlemen . . 491 Feeling of the Dissenters ; Regulation of Corporations .... 492 Inquisition in all the Public Departments; Dismission of Sawyer . 495 Williams Solicitor General ; Second Declaration of Indulgence . . 496 The Clergy ordered to read it ; they hesitate ..... 497 Patriotism of the Protestant Noncon-

Chapter IX

Change in the Opinion of the Tories concerning the Lawfulness of Resistance 521 Russell proposes to the Prince of Orange a Descent on England ; Henry Sidney .... 526 Devonshire ; Shrewsbury ; Halifax ; Danby . . . . . • 527 Bishop Compton ; Nottingham ; Lumley ; Invitation to William despatched 528 Conduct of Mary .... 529 Difficulties of William's Enterprise 530 Conduct of James after the Trial of the Bishops 532 Dismissions and Promotions . . 533 Proceedings of the High Commission ; Sprat resigns his Seat . 534 Discontent of the Clergy ; Transactions at Oxford; Discontent ofthe Gentry 535 Discontent ofthe Army . . ._ 536 Irish Troops brought over ; Public indignation ..... 537 Lillibullero 539 Politics of the United Provinces; Errors of the French King . . 540 His quarrel with the Pope concerning Franchises; the Archbishopric of Cologne ..... 542 Skilful Management of William . 543 His Military and Naval Preparations; he receives numerous Assurances of Support from England . - 544 Sunderlarid 545 Anxiety of William .... 547 Warnings conveyed to James; Exertions of Lewis to save James . 548 James frustrates them . . . 549 The French Armies invade Germany ; William obtains the Sanction of the States General to his Expedition 551 Schomberg ; Eritish Adventurers at the Hague 552 William's Declaration . . ' . 553 James roused to a Sense of his Danger 554 His Naval Means ; his Military Means 555 He attempts to conciliate his Subjects ; he gives Audience to the Bishops 556 His Concessions ill received . . 557 Proofs of the Birth of the Prince of Wales submitted to the Privy Council 559 Disgrace of Sunderland . . 560 William takes leave of the States of Holland ; he embarks and sails ; he is driven back by a Storm ; his Declaration arrives in England . 561 James questions the Lords . . 562 William sets sail the second time . 563 He passes the Straits . . . 564 He lands at Torbay . . . 565 He enters Exeter .... 567 Conversation of the King with the Bishops ..... 570 Disturbances in London ; Men of Rank begin to repair to the Prince . 571 Lovelace ; Colchester . . . 572 Abingdon ; Desertion of Cornbury . 573 Petition of the Lords for a Parliament 575 The King goes to Salisbury . . 576 Seymour; Court of William at Exeter 577 Northern Insurrection . . . 57S Skirmish at Wincanton . . . 579 Desertion of Churchill and Grafton 580 Retreat of the Royal Army from Salisbury . . . . . .581 Desertion of Prince George and Ormond ; flight ofthe Princess Anne 582 Council of Lords held by James . 584 He appoints Commissioners to treat with William ; the Negotiation a Feint 5S6 Dartmouth refuses to send the Prince of Wales into France . . .

CONTENTS. XI PAGE PAGE Agitation of London ; Forged Proclamation ..... 5S8 Risings in various Parts ofthe Country 589 Clarendon joins the Prince at Salisbury; Dissension in the Prince's Camp 590 The Prince reaches Hungerford ; Skirmish at Reading . . . 592 The King's Commissioners arrive at Hungerford ; Negotiation . . 593 The Queen and the Prince of Wales sent to France ; Lauzun . 596 The King's Preparations for Flight; his Flight 598

Chapter X

The Flight of James known ; great Agitation ; the Lords meet at Guildhall 599 Riots in London .... 601 The Spanish Ambassador's House sacked ...... 602 Arrest of Jeffreys .... 603 The Irish Night .... 604 The King detained near Sheerness . 606 The Lords order him to be set at Liberty ; William's embarrassment 609 Arrest of Feversham ; Arrival of James in London ... . ■ . 610 Consultation at Windsor . . . 611 The Dutch Troops occupy Whitehall ; Message from the Prince delivered to James 613 James sets out for Rochester ; Arrival of William at Saint James's . 614 He is advised to assume the Crown by Right of Conquest . . . 615 He calls together the Lords and the Members of the Parliaments of Charles II 616 Flight of James from Rochester . 618 Debates and Resolutions of the Lords; Debates and Resolutions of the Commoners summoned by the Prince 619 A Convention called ; Exertions of the Prince to restore Order ; his tolerant Policy .... 620 Satisfaction of Roman Catholic Powers ; State of Feeling in France 621 Reception of the Queen of England in France 622 Arrival of James at Saint Germains 623 State of Feeling in the United Provinces 624 Election of Members to serve in the Convention; Affairs of Scotland . 625 State of Parties in England . 627 Sherlock's Plan .... 628 Sancroft's Plan .... 629 Danby's Plan 630 The Whig Plan .... 631 Meeting of the Convention ; Leading Members ofthe House of Commons 632 Choice of a Speaker . . . 633 Debate on the State of the Nation . 634 Resolution declaring the Throne vacant 636 It is sent up to the Lords : Debate in the Lords on the Plan of Regency 63; Schism between the Whigs and the followers of Danby .... 641 Meeting at the Earl of Devonshire's 643 Debate in the Lords on the Question whether the Throne was vacant ; Majority for the Negative; Agitation in London ..... 643 Letter of James to the Convention ; Debates ; Negotiations ; Letterof the Princess of Orange to Danby ; the Princess Anne acquiesces in the Whig Plan 644 William explains his Views . . 645 The Conference between the Houses 640 The Lords yield .... 647 New Laws proposed for the Security of Liberty; Disputes and Compromises ...... 648 The Declaration of Right . . 649 Arrival of Mary .... 650 Tender and Acceptance of the Crown ; William and Mary proclaimed ; Peculiar Character of the English Revolution 651

Chapter XI

Subordinate Appointments ; the Convention turned into a Parliament 66S The Members of the Two Houses required to take the Oaths . . 671 Questions relating to the Revenue . 672 Abolition of the Hearth Money . 673 Repayment of the Expenses of the United Provinces ; Mutiny at Ipswich 674 The First Mutiny Bil! . . .676 Suspension ofthe Habeas Corpus Act 678 Unpopularity of William . . . 679 Popularity of Mary .... 68r The Court removed from Whitehall to Hampton Court .... 682 The Court at Kensington ; William's Foreign Favourites . . • 684 William and Mary proclaimed in London ; Rejoicings throughout England ; Rejoicings in Holland . 656 Discontent of the Clergy and of the Army 657 Reaction of Public Feeling . . 658 Temper of the Tories , • • 659 Temper of the Whigs . . . 660 Ministerial Arrangements . . 661 William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs 662 Danby ; Halifax . . .663 Nottingham 664 Shrewsbury ; the Board of Admiralty ; the Board of Treasury . - . 665 The Great Seal; the Judges; the Household CONTENTS.

XII PACE PAGE The Toleration Bill . . . 695 The Comprehension Bill . . . 699 The Bill for settling the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy . - 704 The Bill for settling the Coronation Oath 712 The Coronation .... 713 Promotions ..... 714 The Coalition against France ; the Devastation of the Palatinate . . 715 War declared against France . . 718 General Maladministration . . 685 Dissensions among Men in Office . 686 Department of Foreign Affairs . 688 Religious Disputes .... 689 The High Church Party ... 690 The Low Church Party . . . 691 William's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity; Burner., Bishop of Salisbury . . . . 692 Nottingham's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity .... 694

Chapter XII

State of Ireland at the time of the Revolution ..... 718 The Civil Power in the Hands of the Roman Catholics .... 719 The Military Power in the Hands of the Roman Catholics . . . 720 Mutual Enmity between the Englishry and Irishry ; Panic among the Englishry ...... 721 History of the Town of Kenmare . 722 Enniskillen ..... 724 Londonderry; Closing of the Gates of Londonderry .... 725 Mountjoy sent to pacify Ulster . 727 William opens a Negotiation with Tyrconnel .... 728 The Temples consulted ; Richard Hamilton sent to Ireland on his Parole 729 Tyrconnel sends Mountjoy and Rice to France ..... 730 Tyrconnel calls the Irish People to Arms ; Devastation ofthe Country 731 The Protestants in the South unable to resist ; Enniskillen and Londonderry hold out .... 734 Richard Hamilton marches into Ulster t.with an army ; James determines to go to Ireland .... 735 Assistance furnished by Lewis to James 736 Choice of a French Ambassador to accompany James .... 737 The Count of Avaux . . . 738 James lands at Kinsale ; James enters Cork ...... 739 Journey of James from Cork to Dublin 740 Discontent in England . . . 741 Factions at Dublin Castle - - 742 James determines to go to Ulster; Journey of James to Ulster . . 745 The Fall of Londonderry expected 747 Succours arrive from England ; Treachery of Lundy ; the Inhabitants of Londonderry resolve to defend themselves ...... 748 Their Character .... 749 Londonderry besieged . . . 752 The Siege turned into a Blockade . 753 Naval Skirmish in Bantry Bay ; a Parliament summoned by James sits at Dublin ...... 754 A Toleration Act passed : Acts passed for the Confiscation of the Property of Protestants .... 757 Issue of Base Money . . . 760 The Great Act of Attainder . . 761 James prorogues his Parliament ; Persecution of the Protestants in Ireland 763 Effect produced in England by the News from Ireland . . . 764 Actions of the Enniskilleners . . 766 Distress of Londonderry ; Expedition under Kirke arrives in Lough Foyle ; Cruelty of Rosen .... 767 The Famine in Londonderry extreme 769 Attack on the Boom . . . 770 The Siege of Londonderry raised . 771 Operations against the Enniskilleners 773 B.nttle of Newton Butler . . . 774 Consternation of the Irish . .