The History of France, from the earliest times to the outbreak of the Revolution. Abridged from ... R. Black's translation of ... Guizot's larger history. With chronological index, ... tables, portraits ... By G. Masson, etc

Front matter

FRANCIS PIERRE GUILLAUME GUIZOT Frontispiece. THE HISTOBY OF FKANCE FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE REVOLUTION Abridged from Mr. ROBERT BLACK'S Translation of M. GUIZOT S Larger History. WITH CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX, HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES, PORTRAITS, So., BY GUSTAVE MASSON, B.A. Univ. Gali, OFFICIER D' ACADEMIE, ASSISTANT MASTER AND LIBRARIAN, HARROW SCHOOt,, AND MEMBER OF THE " SOCIETE DE L'HISTOIRE DE FRANCE." ILoiiuoii : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, 183, FLEET STREET. 1879. \_All rights reserved.] LONDON : GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, st. john's square. TO THE REV. H. M. BUTLER, D.D., HEAD MASTER, AND TO THE ASSISTANT MASTERS OF HA-SHOW SCHOOL, THIS EDITION OF "THE HISTORY OF FRANCE" IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BT THEIR FAITHFUL SERTANT AND COLLEAGUE, GUSTAVE MASSON.

Preface

. In preparingthe following abridgment of M. Guizot' s History of France, I have scrupulously abstained from altering the translation, except in a limited number of cases, where con densation was absolutely necessary. One of the distinctive features of the original work is the number of characteristic extracts taken from the picturesque pages of contemporary chroniclers and annalists. As it was impossible to retain these consistently with the nature of a mere resume, I have given, instead, a tolerably complete list of all the sources of French history, so that the reader may be able to refer without difficulty to the authors quoted or alluded to by M. Guizot. This seemed a natural opportunity for mentioning a few standard works on French legislation, civil, political, and ecclesiastical, on literature, etc.

I could not do more here than name one writer in each speciality; for further details the student is referred to the " Catalogue de l'Histoire de France " (Biblio theque Nationale), 10 vols., 4to.; M. Ludovic Lalanne's " Dictionnaire Historique de la France" (published by Messrs. Hachette of Paris), 1 vol., Svo.; and M. Alfred Franklin's "Sources de l'Histoire de France" (Paris, Didot, Svo.), three storehouses of the most valuable information on the history of France. I can only trust, in conclusion, that this unpretending volume, with its pictorial illustrations, and its necessary VI

PREFACE.

. appendix of genealogical, chronological, and historical tables, will be favourably received by the public; and I gladly acknowledge that whatever merit it possesses must be ascribed to the illustrious author and English translator of " L'Histoire de France racontee a mes petits-enfants.'-' GUSTAVE MASSON. Hakeow-on-the-Hill, June 13./J, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Preface v Chronological Table ix Chapter I. The Gauls and the Romans ... 1 „ II. Christianity in Gaul. The Barbarians. The Merovingian Dynasty. Charlemagne . 23 „ III. The Carlovingians. Feudal France. The Crusades . . . . . .53 „ IV. The Kingship, the Commoners and the Third Estate . . . . . . 96 „ V. The Hundred Years' War . . . 141 VI. Louis XL Charles VIII. Louis XII. (1461—1515) 201 „ VII. The Renaissance and the Reformation.

Francis I. and Henry II. (1515—1559) 241 ,, VIII. The Wars of Religion. Francis II. (1559). Henry III. (1589) . . 285 IX. Reign of Henry IV. (1589—1593). Louis XIII., Richelieu and the Court . 316 ,, X. Richelieu and Mazarin . . . . 346 ,, XL Louis XIV., his foreign policy, successes and reverses ..... 375 ,, XII. Louis XIV. Home administration. Literature, the Court and Society . 399 ,, XIII. Louis XV., the Regency, Cardinal Dubois and Cardinal de Fleury (1715—1748) 447 XIV. Louis XI. The Colonies. The Seven Years' War (1748 — 1774). Literature and philosophy . . . . .479 XV. Louis XVI. (1778—1789) . . . . 532 Appendix A. Sources of the History of France . 566 „ B. Principal features of the feudal system 574 C, D. Table of the feudal dismemberment of the kingdom of France . . .575 E. Table showing the constitution of the Parliament of Paris ■ . . . 576 Genealogical Tables . . 577 — 584 Index LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE' M. Guizot (frontispiece) Gerbert ....-»•■• °* Sire de Joinville H3 Charles V 145 Bertrand Du Guesclin . . . . . 161 John the Fearless . . . . • .177 Jacques Cœur . . . . . . . 196 Louis XII 228 Francis 1 241 Henry II 305 Henry IV 321 Sully ........ 337 Louis XIV . . . 385 Peter Corneille ...... 403 Pascal 415 Bossuet .......... 421 Louis XIV. in his old age . . . . . 433 The Regent Orleans . . . . .451 Louis XV 467 Cardinal Dubois ...... 483 Madame de Pompadour ... . . 497 Buffon . . . . . . . .513 Xecker at Saint Ouen 529 Marie Antoinette . . . . . .561 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. o, d,fl, stand respectively for bom, died, and flourished. B.C. A.D. 587 The Gauls in Germany and Italy. 340 The Gauls in Greece. 283 A Roman army destroyed by the Gauls at Aretium. 279 The Gauls near Delphi. 241 The Gauls attacked by Eumenes and Attalus. 154 Marseilles calls in the assistance of the Romans. 122 Sextius founds Aquæ Sextiæ in Provence. 118 Foundation of Narbo Martius. 102 Marius defeats the Teutons in two battles. 100 Birth of Julius Cæsar. 58 Cæsar obtains the government of Cisalpine Gaul for five years.

Attacks the Helvetii. 51 Gaul made a Roman province. A.D. 70 Civilis surrenders. 79 Death of Sabinus and of his wife Eponina. 273 The Emperor Aureliau in Gaul. ,, Battle of Cbalons-sur-Harne. 277 Probus goes on an expedition to Gaul, in which country the Franks settle about this time. 305 The Franks defeated by Constantius in Gaul. 355 The Franks take Cologne, and destroy it ; Julian named prefect of Transalpine Gaul. 357 Julian defeats six German kings at Strasburg. 413 The kingdom of the Burgundians begins under Gondicarius. 420 Pharamond supposed to begin the kingdom of the Franks. 426 Aetius defeats the Franks on the borders of the Rhine. 438 The Franks obtain a permanent footing in Gaul. 451 Battle of Chalons. 458 Childeric, king of the Franks, deposed by his subjects. 462 The Ripuarian Franks take Cologne from the Romans. 463 Childeric recalled by the Franks. 477 Marseilles, Aries, and Aix occupied by the Visigoths.

Merovingian dynasty. 481 Death of Childeric ; his son Clovis succeeds to the throne. 486 Battle of Soissons gained by Clovis against Siagrius, the Romau general in Gaul. 493 Marriage of Clovis with Clotilda. 496 Clovis, king of France, is baptized after the battle of Tolbiac. 501 Gondebaud, king of the Burgundians, publishes his code, entitled " La Loi Gombette." 507 Battle of Vouille, near Poictiers ; Alaric is defeated and slain by Clovis. 509 Clovis receives the titles of Patrician and Consul. 510 Clovis makes Paris the capital of the French dominions. 511 Clovis dying, his dominions are divided among his children. 524 Battle of Voiron ; Chlodomir, king of Orleans, is killed by Gondemar, king of Burgundy. 531 Thierry, king of Metz, seizes Thuringia from. Hermanfroi. 532 The kingdom of Burgundy ends, being conquered by Childebert and Clotaire, kings of Paris and Soissons. 556 Civil wars in France ; the dominions of Theodebald, king of Metz, are divided between Clotaire, king of Soissons, and Childebert, king of Paris. 558 Childebert dies, and is succeeded by his son Clotaire, who becomes sovereign of all France. 560 Chramn, natural son of Clotaire, defeated and burnt alive. 567 Death of Charibert, king of Paris ; his territories are divided among his brothers ; but the city of Paris is held by them in common.

Soissons. X A.D. 557 Rivalry of the two queens, Brunehaut and Fredegonde. 612 Theodebert II., king of Austrasia, defeated and confined in a monastery by his brother, Thierry II., king of Orleans and Burgundy. 613 Clotaire king of all France ; death of Brunehaut, widow of Sigebert, king of Austrasia. 628 Clotaire II., king of France, dies, and is succeeded by his son Dagobert. A.D. magne remains sovereign of all France. 772 Charlemagne begins the Saxon war, which continues thirty years. 773 Charlemagne defeats the troops of Didier, king of the Lombards, and lays siege to Pavia. 774 Surrender of Pavia, and capture of Didier. 776 The abbey church of St. Denis near Paris founded. 778 Battle of Roucevaux. 631 Childeric, son and successor of Charibert, poisoned by Dagobert, who remains sole monarch of France. 784 Charlemagne defeats Wit-kind and the Saxons. 791 Charlemagne defeats the Avari, in Pannonia. 793 The Saracens ravage Gallia Narbonnensis, where they are at length defeated by Charlemagne. 800 Charlemagne crowned king of Italy and emperor of the West. 806 Partition of the empire. 813 Charlemagne associates his son Louis, surnamed the Debonnair, 638 Dagobert, king of France, is succeeded by his two sons, Sigebert II. in Austrasia, and Clovis II. in Neustria and Burgundy.

The Maires du Palais begin to usurp the royal authority. 678 Death of Dagobert II. , king of Neustria ; Martin and Pe'pin Heristal, Mayors of the palace. Thierry III. is suffered to enjoy the title of king of Austrasia. 691 Clovis III. king. 715 Charles Martel, son of Pepin Heristal, governs as Mayor of the. palace. 717 Charles Martel defeats king Chilperic II. and the Neustrians. 732 Charles Martel defeats the Saracens. or the Pious, to the Western Em pire. 814 Charlemagne dies ; succeeded as emperor and king by his son Louis. 817 Louis divides his empire among his children. 840 Louis the Debonnair dies ; his eldest son, Lothaire, has Italy, with the title of Emperor ; Charles the Bald the kingdom of France ; and Louis, that of Bavaria or Germany. 841 Battle of Fontanet. 735 Charles Martel becomes master of Aquitaine. 737 On the death of of Thierry III., Charles Martel governs France, with the title of Duke, for six 843 New partition of the French dominions in an assembly at Thionville. years. 741 Charles Martel dies, and is succeeded 844 Charles the Bald defeated in Aquitaine by Pepin II. 877 Charles the Bald poisoned.

His son, Louis II. , surnamed the Stamby his sons, Carloman in Austrasia and Thuringia, and Pepin in Neustria, Burgundy and Pro vence. merer, succeeds him. 879 Louis the Stammerer dies, and is succeeded by his sons Louis III. and Carloman. Boson seizes 742 Pepin places Childeric III. on the throne of Neustria and Burgundy. — Charlemagne b. Dauphiny and Provence, and begins the kingdom of Aries. 880 The Normans invade France, and destroy several abbeys. 881 Louis III., king of France, defeats the Normans at Saucourt. Carlovingian dynasty. 752 Pepin deposes Childeric, confines him in a monastery, and is consecrated at Soissons. 754 Pepin's expedition into Italy. 758 Pepin reduces the Saxons in Ger- 882 Louis III. of France dies, leaving his brother Carloman sole sovereign. Hincmar d. many. 768 P.pin dies at St. Denis, and is succeeded by his sons Charles and Carlomam 887 Paris besieged by the Normans. 888 On the death of Charles his dominions are divided into five kingdoms : Eudes becomes king 771 Carloman dyingin November,Charle- Chronological Table.

XI A.D. A.D. of W-Stern France and Aqui taine. 1148 The crusaders besiege Damascus without success. The emperor Conrad and king Louis VII. arrive at Jerusalem. 893 Charles the Simple crowned king of France. 898 Charles the Simple is recognized king of France. 905 The Normans take the town of 1149 Louis VII. returns to France. 1150 Villehardouin b. Arnauld Daniel, troubadour fl. The coursd'amov/r. 1152 Sugerd. 1179 Louis VII., king of France, arrives in England, on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Becket. Rouen. 906 The Normans conquer Coleutin and and Maine, and ravage Brittany, Picardy, and Champagne 912 Charles the Simple cedes to Normans a part of Neustria, which thenceforward is called Normandy. 922 Robert elected and anointed king of France at Rheims. 1180 Philip Augustus king of France.

Robert Wace d. 1187 Jerusalem taken by Saladin (2nd of October) . 1188 A third crusade undertaken for the 923 Rodolph , duke of Burgundy, is elected and crowned king of France. Charles the Simple is confined in the castle of Peronne. recovery of Jerusalem. The tax called Saladin's tithe imposed in most countries of Christendom. 1190 Richard Cœur de Lion, king of England, and Philip Augustus go to the holy wars. The walls and gates of Paris are built. 1191 St. Jean d'Acre taken by the crusaders. Philip Augustus returns to France. — Chrestien de Troyes d. 1196 Philip Augustus marries Agnes of Merania. 929 Charles the Simple dies in prison. 936 Louis IV. surnamed d'Outremer, son of Charles the Simple, anointed king of France- Capetian Dynasty. 987 Louis V, king of France, dies. Hugh Capet is anointed at Rheims. 994 Charles, duke of Lorraine, the only survivor of the race of Charle- 1201 A war begins between John, king of England, and Philip Augustus of France.

Thibaut de Champagne b. Agnes of Merania d. 1203 John, king of England, accused of the murder of his nephew Arthur, is cited to appear before an assembly of the peers of France ; his estates in that country are confiscated. The French and magne, dies in prison at Orleans. 996 Hugh Capet d. Robert succeeds to the crown. 1031 Henry I. king of France. 1066 Conquest of England by William, duke of Normandy, in the battle of Senlae. 1095 Council held at Clermont ; preaching of the crusade. 1096 The crusades begin. 1097 Godfrey of Bouillon and the crusaders take Nice. Venetian crusaders take Constantinople on the 10th of July. 1210 Crusade against the Albigenses- Chronicle of the crusade composed in the Langue d'oc. 1213 Villehardouin, d. Jaufre and Brunissende, a Provencal romance, composed about that time. 1214 Philip Augustus defeats the emperor Otho, near Bouvines. 1098 Battle of Dorylœum. 1099 Jerusalem taken by the crusaders. 1100 Godfrey of Bouillon d. 1108 Philip I. d. 1112 Robert Wace . . 1113 War begins between England and France. 1215 Louis IX., king of France, b. 1216 Philip Augustus invades England, and is received by the barons ; but on the death of John, Henry III. is crowned king. 1218 Simon de Montfort d. 1115 Peter the Hermit d. 1119 Louis VL, king of France, defeated at Brenneville- Baldwin, II., king of Jerusalem, defeats the Turks at Antioch. 1124 War between France and Germany. 1222 Joinville b. 1223 Louis VIII. king of France. 1226 Louis IX. king of France.

Regency of Blanche of Castile. 1137 Louis VII. king of France. 1143 Vitry besieged and burnt by Louis VII. 1147 Second crusade preached by Bernard of Clairvaux. Giraud le Roux, troubadour, fl. 1234 Louis IX. marries Marguerite of Provence. 1242 Battle of Taillebourg. A.D. A.D. 1248 Louis IX. sets out for the crusade. Montfort. Petrarch crowned at the Capitol. 1249 Damietta, in Egypt, taken by Louis on the 5th of June. 1344 Edward III. renews the war with France. 1250 Battle of Mansourah. Louis defeated aud taken prisoner in Egypt. Marcabrus, troubadour, fl . 1252 Blanche of Castile d. 1346 Battle of Cressy. 1347 Calais surrenders to Edward III., after a siege of eleven months and a few days. William of Ock ham d. 1254 St. Louis leaves Palestine. 1258 Stephen Boileau provost of Paris. 1264 Henry, king of England, taken prisoner by the barons at the battle of Lewes.

St. Louis arbi- 1348 The black plague. The Jews persecuted. 1349 Cession of Vienness and of Montpellier to France. 1350 Philip VI. d. 1356 John II. , king of France, taken prisoner in the battle of Poictiers, September 19th, and sent to England. 1358 Treaty of Calais, between Edward III. of England and the French. Stephen Marcel. The Jacquetrates between them. 1270 Louis dies at Tunis, his son Philip the Bold succeeds him. 1278 Peter de la Brosse hanged at Paris. 1282 The Sicilians, excited by Peter III , king of Arragon, massacre all the French they can find in their Island. 1285 Philip IV. king of France. 1296 Bull " Clericis Laicos." rie. 1360 King John, set at liberty, returns to France. Treaty of Bretigny. Buridan d. 1297 Flanders invaded by the French. 1301 Revolt at Bruges. Bull "Ausculta fili." 1364 Battle of Cocherel (6th of May), and of Auray (29th of Sept.)

John II. dies in England, his son Charles V. succeeds him, and is crowned at Rheims. A University founded at Angers. 1367 Battle of Navarette. — De Guesclin 1302 Battle of Courtrai. States-General convoked. 1303 Pope Boniface VIII. arrested. He dies. 1304 Battle of Mons-en-Puelle. Pope Benedict XL d. 1308 The States- General assembled at Tours approve the measures directed against the Templars. 1314 Molay, grand master of the order of Templars, and a great number of knights companions, burned alive at Paris, on the 11th of March. made a prisoner. 1376 Edward, prince of Wales, surnamed the Black Prince, d. (June 8th). 1377 Edward III., king of England, d. Brittany invaded by Oliver de Clisson. 1380 Du Guesclin d. Charles V. d. Death of Pope Clement V., and of Philip the Handsome. States- General (August). 1315 Louis X. emancipates the serfs on the royal dominions.

Enguerrand de Marigny d. 1319 Joinville d. 1382 Battle of Rosebecque. The Malleteers. Nicolas Oresme d. 1392 Murder of Oliver do Clisson. 1400 Chaucer d. 1407 The duke of Orleans murdered. 1408 Valentine of Milan d. The king of France excommunicated by the Pope. 1410 Beginning of the civil war in France. Bi-anch of the Valois. 1328 Philip VI., king of France, gains the battle of Cassel. 1415 Battle of Agincourt (October 23). 1418 Massacre of the Armagnac faction in Paris. 1336 Edward III. of England supports the cause of the Flemings against Philip VI. of France. 1337 Froissart .. 1419 The Duke of Burgundy murdered at Montereau. 1420 Treaty of Troyes signed on the 21st of May. A Parliament established at Toulouse (March 20). 1421 Battle of Beauge on the 3rd of April, in which the duke of Clarence is killed. 1340 Edward III. defeats the French in a naval engagement near Sluys : truce of four years. 1341 Beginning of the war for the succession of Brittany, between Charles of Blois and John of 1422 HeDry V., king of England, d. at Chronological Table.

XIII A.D. A-D. Vincennes in France. Charles VL, king of France, d. 1423 Battle of Crevant (June). 1428 The duke of Bedford defeats the possession of Milaness, and enters Milan on the 6th of October. 1500 Insurrection at Milan. 1501 Louis XII. of France and Ferdinand V. of Spain seize on the kingdom of Naples. 1503 The power of the French in Naples ends with the loss of the battles of French at Verneuil (August 16). 1428 The siege of Orleans begins on the 12th of October. 1429 Battle of Herrings (12th February). Joan of Arc obliges the English to raise the siege of Orleans. 1431 Trial and death of Joan of Arc. Cerignola, Seminara, and Garigliano. Pope Alexander VI. d. Michel de l'Hospital b. 1504 Truce between France and Spain. 1508 The pope and the emperor join the king of France in the treaty of Cambray, against the Venetians. 1509 Battle of Agnadello, (14th of May).

Calvin b. fitienne Dolet b. Mar- 1435 Treaty of Arras. 1436 Paris recovered by the French, on the 13th of April. 1437 Siege of Montereau. Charles VII. makes his solemn entry in Paris. 1440 The " Praguery." 1444 Truce between England and France signed at Tours. 1449 War renewed between England and France. tial d' Auvergne cJ. 1510 Cardinal d'Amboise d. 1512 Battle of Ravenna. Gaston de Foix d. 1513 The French defeated by the Swiss in the battle of Novarra. Jacques Amyot b. Pope Julius II. d. 1514 Anne of Brittany d. 1450 Battle of Formigny gained over the English. Agnes Sorel d. 1451 The English evacuate Rouen and several places in France. Campaign in Guyenne. 1453 Talbot d. Branch of AngoulSme. 1515 Battle of Melegnano between the French and Swiss. Louis XII. d. Ramus .. 1456 Jacques Cœur d. 1461 Louis XL king of France. 1464 The league against Louis XL of France, called " La Guerre du 1516 Treaty of Noyons signed on the 16th of August. 1520 Interview between Henry VIII. of England and Francis I. of France (4th of June).

Pierre Viret b. 1521 League between the emperor Charles V. of Spain and Henry VIII. of England, against the king of France. Bien Public." 1465 Treaties of Conflans and of Saint- Maur. 1467 Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, d. 1468 Louis XL at Peronne. Revolt of the Liegese. 1476 Charles, duke of Burgundy, defeated at Granson { 20th of June) . 1477 The duke of Burgundy slain at Nancy. 1479 Battle of Guinegate. 1483 Louis XL d. Rabelais . . Luther b. 1523 League against Francis I. of France, by Pope Clement VII., the emperor, and the Venetians. Bayard d. The memoirs of Commines published. 1525 Francis I. taken prisoner in the battle of Pavia (24th of February), and sent to Madrid. Charles VIII. king of France. 1484 The States-Gent ral convoked at Tours. 1488 Battle of St. Aubin : the duke of Brittany is defeated and the duke of Orleans taken prisoner (28th of June). 1492 Brittany united to the French crown. 1494 Charles VIIL, king of France, goes on an expedition into Italy. 1495 Battle of Fornovo between Charles 1526 Treaty of Madrid (14th of January).

Francis is restored to liberty. The Holy League. 1527 Henri Estienne b. Brant6me b. 1529 Peace of Cambray, between Charles V. and Francis I. Louis de Berquin put to death, fitienne Pasquier b. 1536 League between Francis I. of France. and Solyman II. , sultan of the Turks, against the emperor Charles V- Vauquelin de la Fresnaye b. 1543 Treaty of alliance between Sultan Solyman and Francis I. of France against the emperor Charles V. VIII. and the Venetians (6th July) . Clement Marot b . Branch of Orleans. 1498 Death of Charles VIIL, king of France (April 7th). 1499 Louis XIL, king of France, takes History of Fra?ice. A.D. A.D. 1544 Battle of Cerisoles. Treaty of Crespy (18th of September). Bona venture des Periers d. Clement Navarre succeeds to the vacant throne. Battle of Arques. Ronsard, Hotman d. 1590 Battle of Ivry (4th of March).

Germain Pilon, Jean Cousin, Du Bartas, Cujas, Ambrose Pare, Palissy d. Theophile de Viaud b. 1591 The Pope excommunicates Henry IV. : the parliament of Paris oppose the sentence. Guy Coquil le's IA be rtesdel' eglisede France published. La Noue d. 1593 Henry IV. abjures the Protestant religion, on Sunday, the 25th of of July, at St. Denis. The Satire Minippie published. Amyot d. 1594 Henry IV. anointed at Chartres : attempt on his life (17th December). Pierre Pithou fl. Balzac, St. Amand i>. Marot d. Du Bartas b. 1545 Massacre of the Vaudois. Robert Gamier b. 1547 Henry II. king of France. 1548 Rebellion in the South of France. La Boetie writes his Contre un. First edition of the Salic law. 1556 Charles V. resigns the crown of Spain and all his other dominions and retires to the monastery of St. Just.

Malherbe b. 1557 Battle of St. Quentin (10th of August) . 1558 The French recover Calais from the English. Mellin de St. Gelais d. 1559 Henry II. d. Peace of Cateau- Cambresis. Edict of Ecouen. Amyot translates Plutarch. Anne Dubourg put to death. 1560 Conspiracy of Amboise. Francis II. d. Charles IX., king. Joachim du Bellay d. 1562 Massacre of Vassy. Battle of Dreux (19th December). 1563 The duke of Guise is assassinated by Poltrot (24th February). Peace of Amboise. 1595 Battle of Fontaine-Francaise. Desmarets de St. Sorlin b. 1598 Edict of Nantes (April). Peace of Vervins signed on the 22nd of the same month. Voiture b. 1602 Marshal Biron's conspiracy detected and punished. 1610 Henry IV. assassinated by Ravaillac (4th of May). Louis XIIL king of France. Scarron, La Calprenede b. 1567 The religious wars recommence in France ; battle of St Denis, between the prince of Conde and the constable Montmorency, in which the latter is mortally wounded. 1569 The Huguenots defeated in the battles of Jarnac, on the 13th May, and of Moncontour, on the 3rd October. 1617 Murder of Concini. 1621 The civil war renewed with the Huguenots in France, and continues nine years.

The Benedictines of the congregation of St. Maur receive their statutes. La Fontaine _ . 1628 RocheUe besieged and taken by Louis XIIL (18th of October). 1629 Peace restored between France and 1572 Massacre of the Huguenots at Paris, on Sunday, the 24th August. Ramus d. Jean Goujon d. 1574 Charles IX. d. Hotman publishes his Franco- Gallia. England. Malherbe <_. CorneiUe brings out MdUte, his first play. 1630 Treaty of Cherasco. " Journee des Dupes." Hardy, Agrippa d'Aubigne d. 1632 Battles of Lutzen and of Castel- 1576 Edict of pacification in France. 1584 The Cardinal de Bourbon proposed as eventual king of France. La Croix du Maine publishes his Bibliotheque Francaise. 1587 Battle of Coutras (10th of October) the Duke de Joyeuse is defeated by Henry, king of Navarre. An Arabic lectureship is created at the college royal. 1588 The duke of Guise and his brother naudary.

Flechier, Bourdaloue b. 1636 Treaty between Louis XIIL of France, and Christina, queen of Sweden (10th of March). Port Royal des Champs founded. Le Cid brought out. Boileau 6. 1642 Conspiracy of Cinq-Mars. Richelieu d. the cardinal murdered at Blois. ■ 1643 Louis XIIL d (4th of May). The duked'Enghien, afterwards prince of Conde, defeats the Spaniards at Rocroy (9th of M ay). St. Cyran d. 1648 The prince of Cond. defeats the archduke at Sens (10th of August). Dynasty of the Bourbons. 1589 Henry III. of France murdered (22nd of July). Henry IV. of Clironological Table. XV A.D 1659 1661 1667 1668 1672 1673 1674 1675 1678 1681 1684 A.D. Treaty of Munster (14th of October) between France, Sweden and the empire. The civil war of the Fronde breaks out in Paris. Mer senne, Voiture d. La Sueur finishes his series of paintings illustrating the history of St. Bruno.

Spain concluded at Ratisbon (31st of July) and between France and the empire (5th of August). P. CorneiUe d. 1685 Louis XIV. revokes the edict of Nantes. 1686 Treaty of alliance between Germany, Great Britain, and Holland against France. Conde d. Peace restored between France and Spain, by the treaty caUed the "Peace of the Pyrenees." Louis XIV. marries the Infanta of Spain. Moliere and the Pricieuses ridicules. 1689 The French fleet defeated by the English and Dutch in Bantry Bay (1st of May). Racine and Esther. 1690 Battle of Fleurus; Luxemburg defeats the allies (21st of June). The allied English and Dutch fleets defeated by the French off Beachy Head (30th of June). 1691 A congress at the Hague, in Jan. Mons taken by the French (30th of March). Louvois d. Racine and Athalie. Cardinal Mazarin d. Bossuet's first sermon before Louis XIV.

War renewed between France and Spain. Moliere and Tartuffe. Racine and Andromaque. A triple alliance between Great Britain, Sweden, and the States- General, against France (23rd of January). Peace of Aix-la-ChapeUe, between France and Spain (22nd of April). Racine and Les Plaideurs,~M.oliereaiidL'Avare. Le 1692 Battle of La Hogue : the English defeat the French fleet (19th of May). Namur, in Flanders, besieged and taken by Louis XIV. (25th of May). Luxemburg defeats the allies at Steinkirk (24th of July). 1693 The English and Dutch fleets defeated by the French off Cape St. Vincent (16th of June) . The duke of Savoy defeated by Marshal Catinat, at Marsaglia (24th of September). Pelisson, Bussy- Rabutin, Mdme. de La Fayette, Mdlle. de Montpensier d. 1697 Peace of Ryswick (11th of September) between Great Britain and France — France and Holland — Sage ..

War declaredbyEnglandand France, against the Dutch. A treaty between the empire and Holland, against France (15th of July). Boileau and Le Lutrin. Moliere and Les Femmes savantes. The English and French defeat the Dutch (28th of May) at Schonvelt ; again (4th of June), and (11th of August), in the mouth of the Texel. Louis XIV. declares waragainst Spain (9th of October). Racine and Mithridate. France and Spain ; and on the 20th of October, between France and the empire. Santeuil d. The Abbe' Prevost b. Battle of Seneffe, in Flanders, between the prince of Orange and the prince of Conde (1st of August) . First settlement of the French at Pondicherry. Marshal Turenne defeats the Imperialists. Chapelain d. Racine and Iphiginie. Malebranche and the Recherche de la Verite". 1698 The first treaty of partition between Great Britain, France and Hoiland signed (19th of August) for the dismemberment of Spain, to Charles IL, king of that country, makes his wiU in favour of a prince of the house of Bourbon.

Le Nain de Tillemont d. Conference for a peace held at Nimeguen. Madame de la VaUiere takes the veil. Peace of Nimeguen (31st of July). La Fontaine publishes his second series of fables. Ducange's Latin 1700 Charles IL, king of Spain, d. (21st of October). The duke of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV., succeeds by the name of Philip V. 1702 Battle of Luzzara, in Italy (4th of August) ; the Imperialists defeated by the French ; the French fleet destroyed in the port of Vigo, by the British and Dutch (12th of October) . Jean Bart d. Glossary. The city of Strasburg submits to Louis XIV. Mabillon publishes his De re diplomatica. Luxemburg taken by Louis XIV. A truce between France and History of France. A.D. A.D. Britain, France, and Russia, against Germany and Spain (3rd September). 1733 Stanislaus proclaimed king of Poland (5th of October) . 1734 The Imperialists defeated by the French and Piedmontese at Parma 1704 Battle of Hochstedt or Blenheim (2nd of August).

Bossuet, Bourdaloue d. 1706 Battle of Ramilies (12th of May)- the French are defeated by the duke of Marlborough. 1708 Battle of Audenarde (30th of June), the French defeated by the duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene. Regnard and Le Legataire universel, Le Sage and Turcaret. 1709 Battle of Malplaquet (31st of Aug.), the French defeated by the allies. Mons taken by the allies (21st of October). Port Royal des Champs destroyed. 1710 Battle of Villa Viciosa (29th of November), the Imperialists, under Count Stahremburg, are defeated by Philip V. 1712 Negotiations for a general peace opened at Utrecht. Jean Jacques Rousseau b. (18th of June), and in the battle of Guastalla, by the king of Sar dinia, and the Marshals Coigny and Broglie (8th of September). Montesquieu's Grandeur et De cadence des Romains. 1735 Treaty of Vienna (3rd of October).