Woman's Work in the Civil War: a record of heroism, patriotism and patience ... With an introduction, by H. W. Bellows ... Illustrated, etc

Front matter

Miss Clara. H. Barton, ■ DT IF YOU MUST, THIS OLD GIUiT H] %i BUT SPAKE YOUR COOD 1 SHE SAID" . 1 <W e-j, Woman's Work in the Civil War: A RECORD OF HEROISM, PATRIOTISM AND PATIENCE. r.Y L. P. BEOCKETT, M.D., Aothor of " History of the Civil War," " Philanthropic Results op TnE War," " Our Great Captains," " Life of Abraham Lincoln," " The Camp, The Battle Field, and the Hospital," &c, &c. AND MRS. MARY C. VAUGHAN. WITH AN INTRODUCTION, By HENRY W. BELLOWS, D.D., President TJ. S. Sanitary Commission, ILLUSTRATED WITH SIXTEEN STEEL ENGRAVINGS. ZEIGLER, McCURDY & CO., PHILADELPHIA, PA.; CHICAGO, ILL.; CINCINNATI, OHIO; ST. LOUIS, MO. R. H. CURKAN, 48 WINTER STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 1867. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by L. P. BROCKETT, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of New York.

King & Baird, Printers, 607 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. Wf.stcott & Thomson, Stereotypers. TO The Loyal Women of America, WHOSE PATRIOTIC CONTRIBUTIONS, TOILS AND SACRIFICES, ENABLED THEIR SISTERS, WHOSE HISTORY IS HERE RECORDED, TO MINISTER RELIEF AND CONSOLATION TO OUR WOUNDED AND SUFFERING HEROES; AND WHO BY THEIR DEVOTION, THEIR LABORS, AND THEIR PATIENT ENDORaNCE OF PRIVATION AND DISTRESS OF BODY AND SPIRIT, WHEN CALLED TO GIVE UP THEIR BELOVED ONES FOR THE NATION'S DEFENSE, HAVE WON FOR THEMSELVES ETERNAL HONOR, AND THE UNDYING REMEM- BRANCE OF THE PATRIOTS OF /ILL TIME, WE DEDICATE THIS VOLUME.

Preface

. The preparation of this work, or rather the collection of material ror it, was commenced in the autumn of 1863. While engaged in the compilation of a little book on ' ' The Philanthropic Results of the War' ' for circulation abroad, in the summer of that year, the writer became so deeply impressed with the extraordinary sacrifices and devotion of loyal women, in the national cause, that he determined to make a record of them for the honor of his country. A voluminous correspondence then commenced and continued to the present time, soon demonstrated how general were the acts of patriotic devotion, and an extensive tour, undertaken the following summer, to obtain by personal observation and intercourse with these heroic women, a more clear and comprehensive idea of what they had done and were doing, only served to increase his admiration for their zeal, patience, and self-denying effort.

Meantime the war still continued, and the collisions between Grant and Lee, in the East, and Sherman and Johnston, in the South, the fierce campaign between Thomas and Hood in Tennessee, Sheridan's annihilating defeats of Early in the valley of the Shenandoah, and Wilson's magnificent expe dition in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia, as well as the mixed naval and military victories at Mobile and Wilmington, were fruitful in wounds, sickness, and death. Never had the gentle and patient ministrations of woman been so needful as in the last year of the war ; and never had they been so abundantly bestowed, and with such zeal and self-forgetfulness. From Andersonville, and Millen, from Charleston, and Florence, from Salisbury, and Wilmington, from Belle Isle, and Libby Prison, came also, in these later months of the war, thousands of our bravest and noblest heroes, captured by the rebels, the feeble remnant of the tens of thousands imprisoned there, a majority of whom had perished of cold, nakedness, starvation, and disease, in those charnel houses, victims of the fiendish malignity of the rebel leaders. These poor fellows, starved to the last degree of emaciation, crippled and dying from frost and gangrene, many of

PREFACE.

. them idiotic from their sufferings, or with the fierce fever of typhus, more deadly than sword or minie bullet, raging in their veins, were brought to Annapolis and to Wilmington, and unmindful of the deadly infection, gentle and tender women ministered to them as faithfully and lovingly, as if they were their own brothers. Ever and anon, in these works of mercy, one of these fair ministrants died a martyr to her faithful ness, asking, often only, to be buried beside her "boys," but the work never ceased while there was a 3oldier to be nursed. Nor were these the only fields in which noble service was rendered to humanity by the women of our time. In the larger associations of our cities, day after day, and year after year, women -served in summer's heat and winter's cold, at their desks, corresponding with auxiliary aid societies, taking account of goods received for sanitary supplies, re-packing and shipping them to the points where they were needed, inditing and sending out circulars appealing for aid, in work more prosaic but equally needful and patriotic with that performed in the hospitals; and throughout every village and hamlet in the country, women were toiling, contriving, submitting to privation, performing unusual and severe labors, all for the soldiers.

In the general hospitals of the cities and larger towns, the labors of the special diet kitchen, and of the hospi tal nurse were performed steadily, faithfully, and uncomplainingly, though there also, ever and anon, some fair toiler laid down her life in the service. There were many too in still other fields of labor, who showed their love for their country; the faithful women who, in the Philadelphia Refresh ment Saloons, fed the hungry soldier on his way to or from the battle-field, till in the aggregate, they had dispensed nearly eight hundred thousand meals, and had cared for thousands of sick and wounded ; the matrons of the Soldiers' Homes, Lodges, and Rests; the heroic souls who devoted themselves to the noble work of raising a nation of bondmen to intelligence and freedom ; those who attempted the still more hopeless task of rousing the blunted intellect and cultivating the moral nature of the degraded and abject poor whites ; and those who in circumstances of the greatest peril, manifested their fearless and undying attachment to their country and its flag; all these were entitled to a place in such a record.

What wonder, then, that, pursuing his self-appointed task assiduously, the writer found it growing upon him ; till the question came, not, who should be inscribed in this roll, but who could be omitted, since it was evident no single volume could do justice to all. In the autumn of 1865, Mrs. Mary C. Vaughan, a skilful and practiced writer, whose tastes and sympathies led her to take an interest in the work, became associated with the writer ii its preparation, and to her zeal in col-

PREFACE.

. 23 lecting, and skill in arranging the materials obtained, many of the interests ing sketches of the volume are due. We have in the prosecution of our work been constantly embarrassed, by the reluctance of some who deserved a prominent place, to suffer anything to be communicated concerning their labors; by the promises, often repeated but never fulfilled, of others to furnish facts and incidents which they alone could supply, and by the for wardness of a few, whose services were of the least moment, in presenting their claims. We have endeavored to exercise a wise and careful discrimination both in avoiding the introduction of any name unworthy of a place in such a record, and in giving the due meed of honor to those who have wrought most earnestly and acceptably. We cannot hope that we have been com pletely successful ; the letters even now, daily received, render it probable that there are some, as faithfid and self-sacrificing as any of those whose services we have recorded, of whom we have failed to obtain information; and that some of those who entered upon their work of mercy in the closing campaigns of the war, by their zeal and earnestness, have won the right to a place.

We have not, knowingly, however, omitted the name of any faithful worker, of whom we could obtain information, and we feel assured that our record is far more full and complete, than any other which has been, or is likely to be prepared, and that the number of prominent and active laborers in the national cause who have escaped our notice is com paratively small. We take pleasure in acknowledging our obligations to Rev. Dr. Bellows, President of the United States Sanitary Commission, for many services and much valuable information ; to Honorable James E. Yeatman, the Presi dent of the Western Sanitary Commission, to Rev. J. G. Forman, late Secretary of that Commission, and now Secretary of the Unitarian Asso ciation, and his accomplished wife, both of whom were indefatigable in their efforts to obtain facts relative to western ladies; to Rev. N. M. Mann, now of Kenosha, Wisconsin, but formerly Chaplain and Agent of the Western Sanitary Commission, at Vicksburg; to Professor J. S. Newberry, now of Columbia College, but through the war the able Secretary of the Western Department of the United States Sanitary Commission ; to Mrs. M. A. Livermore, of Chicago, one of the managers of the Northwestern Sanitary Commission ; to Rev. G. S. F. Savage, Secretary of the Western Department of the American Tract Society, Boston, Rev. William De Loss Love, of Milwaukee, author of a work on "Wisconsin in the War." Samuel B. Fales, Esq., of Philadelphia, so long and nobly identified with the Volunteer Refreshment Saloon, Dr. A. N. Read, of Norwalk, Ohio,

PREFACE.

. late one o the Medical Inspectors of the Sanitary Commission, Di. Joseph Parrish, of Philadelphia, also a Medical Inspector of the Commission, Mrs. M. M. Husband, of Philadelphia, one of the most faithful workers in field hospitals during the war, Miss Katherine P. Wormeley, of Newport, Rhode Island, the accomplished historian of the Sanitary Commission, Mrs. W. H. Holstein, of Bridgeport, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Miss Maria M. C. Hall, of Washington, District of Columbia, and Miss Louise Tit comb, of Portland, Maine. From many of these we have received information indispensable to the completeness and success of our work; information too, often afforded at great inconvenience and labor. We commit our book, then, to the loyal women of our country, as an earnest and con scientious effort to portray some phases of a heroism which will make American women famous in all the future ages of history; and with the full conviction that thousands more only lacked the opportunity, not the will or endurance, to do, in the same spirit of self-sacrifice, what these have done. L. P. B. Brooklyn, N. Y., February, 1867. CONTENTS. PAOf DEDICATION y

PREFACE.

o TABLE OF CONTENTS-

Introduction

BY HENRY W. BELLOWS, D. D.. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.

Patriotism in some form, an attribute of woman in all nations and climes — Its modes of manifestation — Pæans for victory — Lamentations for the death of a heroic leader — Personal leadership by women — The assassination of tyrants — The care of the Bick and wounded of national armies — The hospitals established by the Empress Helena — The Beguines and their successors — The cantinieres, vivandieres, etc. — Other mode3 in which women manifested their patriotism — Florence Nightingale and her labors — The results — The awakening of patriotic zeal among American women at the opening of the war — The organization of philanthropic effort — Hospital nurses — Miss Dix's rejection of great numbers of applicants on account of youth — Hired nurses — Their services generally prompted by patriotism rather than pay — The State relief agents (ladies) at Washington — The hospital transport system of the Sanitary Commission — Mrs. Harris's, Miss Barton's, Mrs. Fales', Miss Gilson's, and other ladies' services at the front during the battles of 1S62 — Services of other ladies at Chancellorsville, at Gettysburg — The Field Relief of the Sanitary Commission, and services of ladies in the later battles — Voluntary services of women in the armies in the field at the West — Services in the hospitals of garrisons and fortified towns — Soldiers' homes and lodges, and their matrons — Homes for Refugees — Instruction of the Freedmen — Refreshment Saloons at Philadelphia — Regular visiting of hospitals in the large cities — The Soldiers' Aid Societies, and their mode of operation — The extraordinary labors of the managers of the Branch Societies— Government clothing contracts— Mrs. Springer, Miss Wormeley and Miss Gilsou— The managers of the local Soldiers' Aid Societies — The sacrifices made by the poor to contribute supplies — Examples — The labors of the young and the old — Inscriptions on articles — The poor seamstress — Five hundred bushels of wheat — The five dollar gold piece — The army of martyrs— The effect of this female patriotism in stimulating the courage of the soldiers — Lack of persistence in this work among the Women of the South— Present and future — Effect of patriotism and self-sacrifice in elevating and ennobling the female character 65-9*

Part I. Superintendent Of Nurses

MISS DOROTHEA L. DIX. Early history — Becomes interested in the condition of prison convicts — Visit to Europe — Returns in 1837, and devotes herself to improving the condition of paupers, lunatics and prisoners— 4 CONTENTS. PAGE Her efforts for the establishment of Insane Asylums— Second visit to Europe — Her first work in the war the nursing of Massachusetts soldiers in Baltimore — Appointment as superintendent of nurses— Her selections— Difficulties in her position— Her other duties- Mrs. Livermore's account of her labors — The adjutant-general's order — Dr. Bellows' estimate of her work — Her kindness to her nurses— Her publications — Her manners and address — Labors for the insane poor since the war 97-108

Part II. Ladies Who Ministered To The Sick And Wounded In Camp

FIELD, AND GENERAL HOSPITALS. CLARA HARLOWE BARTON.

Early life — Teaching — The Bordentown school — Obtains a situation in the Patent Office — Her readiness to help others — Her native genius for nursing — Removed from office in 1857 — Return to Washington in 1861 — Nursing and providing for Massachusetts soldiers at the Capitol in April, 1861 — Hospital and sanitary work in 1861 — Death of her father — "Washington hospitals again — Going to the front — Cedar Mountain — The second Bull Run battle — Chantilly — Heroic labors at Antietam — Soft bread — Three barrels of flour and a bag of salt — Thirty lanterns for that night of gloom — The race for Fredericksburg — Miss Barton as a general purveyor for the sick and wounded — The battle of Fredericksburg— Under fire— The rebel officer's appeal— The "confiscated" carpet— After the battle— In the department of the South — The sands of Morris Island — The horrors of the siege of Forts Wagner and Sumter — The reason why she went thither — Return to the North — Preparations for the great campaign— Her labors at Belle Plain, Fredericksburg, White House, and City Point— Return to Washington— Appointed "General correspondent for the friends of paroled prisoners" — Her residence at Annapolis — Obstacles — The Annapolis plan abandoned She establishes at Washington a " Bureau of records of missing men in the armies of the United States" — The plan of operations of this Bureau — Her visit to Andersonville The case of Don-ance Atwater— The Bureau of missing men an institution indispensable to the Government and to friends of the soldiers— Her sacrifices in maintaining it— The grant from Congress — Personal appearance of Miss Barton 1#, m_l32 HELEN LOUISE GILSON. ftn-ly history-Her first work for the soldiers— Collecting supplies-The clothing contract- Providing for soldiers' wives and daughters-Application to Miss Dix for an appointment as nurse— She is rejected as too young— Associated with Hon. Frank B. Fay in the Auxiliary Relief Service—Her labors on the Hospital Transports-Her manner' of working- Her extraordinary personal influence-Her work at Gettysburg-Influence over the men- Carrying a sick comrade to the hospital-Her system and self-possession-Pleading the .-ause of the soldier with the peoplc-Her services in Grant's protracted campaign-The hospitals at Fredericksburg-Singing to the soldiers-Her visit to the barge of "contrabands"-Her address to the negroes-Singing to them-The hospital for colored soldiers- Mis.

Gilson re-organizes and re-models it, making it the best hospital at City Point-Her labors for the spiritual good of the men in her hospital-Her care for the negro washerwomen and their families-Completion of her work-Personal appearance of Miss GilsciL 133-148 CONTENTS. 27 MRS. JOHN HARRIS. TAG1 Previous history— Secretary Ladies' Aid Society— Her decision to go to the " front"— Early experiences— On the Hospital Transports— Harrison's Landing— Her garments soaked in human gore— Antietam— French's Division Hospital— Smoketown General Hospital— Return to the " front"— Fredericksburg— Falmouth— She almost despairs of the success of our arms— Chancellorsville— Gettysburg— Following the troops— Warren ton— Insolence of the rebels— Illness— Goes to the West— Chattanooga— Serious illness— Return to Nashville Labors for the refugees — Called home to watch over a dying mother— The returned prisoners from Andersonville and Salisbury 149-160 MRS. ELIZA C. PORTER.

Mrs. Porter's social position— Her patriotism— Labors in the hospitals at Cairo— She takes charge of the Northwestern Sanitary Commission Rooms at Chicago— Her determination to go, with a corps of nurses, to the front— Cairo and Paducah— Visit to Pittsburg Landing after the battle— She brings nurses and supplies for the hospitals from Chicago — At Corinth— At Memphis— Work among the freedmen at Memphis and elsewhere— Efforts for the establishment of hospitals for the sick and wounded in the Northwest— Co-operation with Mrs. Harvey and Mrs. Howe— The Harvey Hospital— At Natchez and Vicksburg — Other appeals for Northern hospitals — At Huntsville with Mrs. Bickerdyke— At Chattanooga — Experiences in a field hospital in the woods— Following Sherman's army from Chattanooga to Atlanta — "This seems like having mother about" — Constant labors — The distribution of supplies to the soldiers of Sherman's army near Washington — A patriotic family 161-173 MRS. MARY A. BICKERDYKE.

Previous history of Mrs. Bickerdyke — ner regard for the private soldiers — " Mother Bickerdyke and her boys" — Her work at Savannah after the battle of Shiloh — What she accomplished at Perryville — The Gayoso Hospital at Memphis — Colored nurses and attendants — A model hospital — The delinquent assistant-surgeon — Mrs. Bickerdyke's philippic — She procures his dismissal — His interview with General Sherman — "She ranks me" — The commanding generals appreciate her — Convalescent soldiers vs. colored nurses — The Medical Director's order — Mrs. Bickerdyke's triumph — A dairy and hennery for the hospitals — Two hundred cows and a thousand hens — Her first visit to the Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce— "Go over to Canada — This country has no place for such creatures" — At Vicksburg — In field hospitals — The dresses riddled with sparks — The box of clothing for her- 6elf — Trading for butter and eggs for the soldiers — The two lace-trimmed night-dresses — A new style of hospital clothing for wounded soldiers— A second visit to Milwaukee— Mrs. Bickerdyke's speech—" Set your standard higher yet"— In the Huntsville Hospital — At Chattanooga at the close of the battle — The only woman on the ground for four weeks — Cooking under difficulties— Her interview with General Grant — Complaints of the neglect of the men by some of the surgeons — " Go around to the hospitals and see for yourself" — Visits Huntsville, Pulaski, etc— With Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta— Making dishes for the Bick out of hard tack and the ordinary rations— At Nashville and Franklin — Through the Carolinas with Sherman — Distribution of supplies near Washington — "The Freedmen's Home and Refuge" at Chicago 172- MC CONTENTS.

Margaret Elizabeth breckixridge. By Mrs. J. G. Forman. PAG I Sketch os her personal appearance— Her gentle, tender, winning ways— The American Florence Nightingale— What if I do die?— The Breckinridge family— Margaret's childhood and youth— Her emancipation of her slaves— Working for the soldiers early in the war— Not one of the Home Guards— Her earnest desire to labor in the hospitals— Hospital service at Baltimore— At Lexington, Kentucky— Morgan's first raid— Her visit to the wounded soldiers — "Every one of you bring a regiment with you'*— Visiting the St. Louis hospitals — Ou the hospital boats on the Mississippi— Perils of the voyage— Severe and incessant labor— The contrabands at Helena— Touching incidents of the wounded on the hospital boats— "The service pays"— In the hospitals at St. Louis— Impaired health— She goes eastward for rest and recovery — A year of weakness and weariness — In the hospital at Philadelphia — A ministering angel— Colonel Porter her brollier-in-law killed at Cold Harbor— She goes to Baltimore to meet the body— Is seized with typhoid fever and dies after five weeks illness 187-199 MRS. STEPHEN BARKER.

Family of Mrs. Barker — Her husband Chaplain of First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery — She accompanies him to Washington — Devotes herself to the work of visiting the hospitals — Thanksgiving dinner in the hospital — She removes to Fort Albany aud takes charge as Matron of the Regimental Hospital — Pleasant experiences — Reading to the soldiers — Two years of labor — Return to Washington in January, 1861 — She becomes one of the hospital visitors of the Sanitary Commission — Ten hospitals a week — Remitting the soldiers' money and valuables to their families — The service of Mr. aud Mrs. Barker as lecturers and missionaries of the Sanitary Commission to the Aid Societies in the smaller cities and villages — ■ The distribution of supplies to the disbanding armies — Her report 200-211 AMY M. BRADLEY.

Childhood of Miss Bradley— Her experiences as a teacher— Residence in Charleston, South Carolina— Two years of illness — Goes to Costa Rica — Three years of teaching in Central America— Return to the United States— Becomes corresponding clerk and translator in a large glass manufactory— Beginning of the war— She determines to go as a nurse— Writes to Dr. Palmer— His quaint reply— Her first experience as nurse in a regimental hospital- Skill and tact in managing it— Promoted by General Slocum to the charge of the Brigade Hospital— Hospital Transport Service— Over-exertion and need of rest— The organization of the Soldiers' Home at Washington— Visiting hospitals at her leisure— Camp Misery- Wretched condition of the men— The rendezvous of distribution— Miss Bradley goes thither as Sanitary Commission Agent — Her zealous and multifarious labors— Bringing in the discharged men for their papers— Procuring the correction of their papers, and the reinstatement of the men—" The Soldiers' Journal"— Miss Bradley's object in its establishment— Its success — Presents to Miss Bradley — Personal appearance oio_224 MRS. ARABELLA GRIFFITH BARLOW.

Birth and education of Mrs. Griffith— Her marriage at the beginning of the war— She accompanies her husband to the camp, and wherever it is possible ministers to the wounded or sick soldiers— Joins the Sanitary Commission in July, 1862, and labors among the sick and wounded at Harrison's Landing till late in August-Colonel Barlow severely wounded at Antietam— Mrs. Barlow nurses him with great tenderness, and at the same time ministers CONTENTS. PA3B to the w Minded of Sedgwick Hospital— At Chancellorsville and Gettysburg— General Barlow again wounded, and in the enemy's lines — She removes him and succors the wounded in the intervals of her care of him — In May, 1864, she was actively engaged at Belle Plain, Fredericksburg, Port Royal, White House, and City Point— Her incessant labor brought on fever and caused her death July 27, 1664— Tribute of the Sanitary Commission Bulletin, Dr. Lieber and others, to her memory 225-233 MRS. NELLIE MARIA TAYLOR.

Parentage and early history— Removal to New Orleans— ner son urged to enlist in the rebel army— He is sent North— The rebels persecute Mrs. Taylor — Her dismissal from her position as principal of one of the city schools — Her house mobbed — " I am for. the Union, tear my house down if you choose !" — Her house searched seven times for the flag— The Judge's son—" A piece of Southern chivalry" — Her son enlists in the rebel army to save her from molestation— New Orleans occupied by the Union forces— Mrs. Taylor reinstated as teacher — She nurses the soldiers in the hospitals, during her vacations and in all the leisure hours from her school duties, her daughter filling up the intermediate time with her services- She expends her entire salary upon the sick and wounded — Writes eleven hundred and seventy-four letters for them in one year — Distributes the supplies received from the Cincinnati Branch of Sanitary Commission in 1864, and during the summer takes the management of the 6pecial diet of the University Hospital — Testimony of the soldiers to her labors — Patriotism and zeal of her children — Terms on which Miss Alice Taylor would present a confederate flag to a company 234-240 MRS. ADALINE TYLER.

Residence in Boston — Removal to Baltimore — Becomes Superintendent of a Protestant Sisterhood in that city — Duties of the Sisterhood — The "Church Home" — Other duties of " Sister" Tyler — The opening of the war — The Baltimore mob — Wounding and killing members of the Sixth Massachusetts regiment — Mrs. Tyler hears that Massachusetts men are wounded and seeks admission to them — Is refused — She persists, and threatening an appeal to Governor Andrew is finally admitted — She takes those most severely wounded to the "Cuurch Home," procures surgical attendance for them, and nurses them till their recovery- — Other Union wounded nursed by her — Receives the thanks of the Massachusetts Legislatmo and Governor — Is appointed Superintendent of the Camden Street Hospital, Baltimore — Resigns at the end of a year, and visits New York — The surgeon -general urges her to take charge of the large hospital at Chester, Pennsylvania — She remains at Chester till the hospital is broken up, when she is transferred to the First Division General Hospital, Naval Academy, Annapolis — The returned prisoners— Their terrible condition— Mrs. Tyler procures photographs of them — Impaired health — Resignation — She visits Europe, and spends eighteen months there, advocating as she has opportunity the National cause — The fiendish rebel spirit — Incident relative to President Lincoln's assassination 241--SO MRS. WILLIAM H. HOLSTEIN.

Social position of Mr. and Mrs. Holstein— Early labors for the soldiers at home — The battle of Antietam — She goes with her husband to care for the wounded — Her first emotions at the sight of the wounded — Three years' devotion to the service— Mr. and Mrs. Holstein devote themselves mainly to field hospitals — Labors at Fredericksburg, in the Second Corps Hospital—Services after the battle of Chancellorsville— The march toward Pennsylvania in CONTENTS. Pi OB June, 1863— The Field Hospital of the Second Corps after Gettysbu-g—Incidents " Would n't be buried by the side of that raw recruit"— Mi's. Holstein Matron of the Second Corps Hospital— Tour among the Aid Societies— The campaign of 1864-5— Constant labors in the field hospitals at Fredericksburg, City Point, and elsewhere, till November— Another tour among the Aid Societies— Labors among the returned prisoners at Annapolls • -251-259 mrs. Cordelia A. p. harvey.

By Rev. N. M. Mann. The death of her husband, Governor Louis P. Harvey— Her intense grief— She resolves to devote herself to the care of the sick and wounded soldiers— She visits St. Louis as Agent for the State of Wisconsin— Work in the St. Louis hospitals in the autumn of 1862— Heroic labors at Cape Girardeau— Visiting hospitals along the Mississippi— The soldiers' ideas of her influence and power— Young's Point in 1863— Illness of Mrs. Harvey— She determines to secure the establishment of a General Hospital at Madison, Wisconsin, where from the fine climate the chances of recovery of the sick and wounded will be increased — Her resolution and energy — The Harvey Hospital — The removal of the patients at Fort Pickering to it — Repeated journeys down the Mississippi — Presented with an elegant watch by the Second Wisconsin Cavalry — Her influence over the soldiers — The Soldiers' Orphan Asylum at Madison 260-263 MRS. SARAH R. JOHNSTON.

Loyal Southern women — Mrs. Johnston's birth and social position — Her interest in the Union prisoners — " A Yankee sympathizer" — The young soldier — Her tender care of him, living and dead — Work for the prisoners — Her persecution by the rebels — " Why don't you pin me to the earth as you threatened" — " Sergeant, you can't make anything on that woman" — Copying the inscriptions on Union graves, and statistics of Union prisoners — Her visit to the North 269-252 emily e. parsons. By Rev. J. G. Forman. Her birth and education — Her preparation for service in the hospitals — Receives instruction in the care of the sick, dressing wounds, preparation of diet, etc— Service at Fort Schuyler Hospital— Mrs. General Fremont secures her services for St. Louis— Condition of St. Louis aud the other river cities at this time— First assigned to the Lawson Hospital— Next to Hospital steamer 44 City of Alton"— The voyage from Vicksburg to Memphis— Return to St. Louis— Illness— Appointed Superintendent of Nurses to the large Benton Barracks Hospital—Her duties— The admirable management of the hospital— Visit to the East— Return to her work— Illness and return to the ' East— Collects and forwards supplies to Western Sanitary Commission and Northwestern Sanitary Commission— The Chicago Fair— The Charity Hospital at Cambridge established by her— Her cheerfulness and skill in her hospitalwork 273- 27» MRS. ALMIRA FALES.

The first woman to work for the soldiers— She commenced in December, 1860— Her continuous service-Amount of stores distributed by her-Variety and severity of her work-Hospital Transport Service-Harrison's Landing-Her work in Pope's campaign-Death of her son— Her sorrowful toil at Fredericksburg and Falmouth-Her peculiarities and humor 279-2W CONTENTS. 31 CORNELIA HANCOCK. PAOE Early labors for the soldiers— Mr. Vassar's testimony— Gettysburg- The campaign of 1S64— Fredericksburg and City Point - 284-286 MRS. MARY MORRIS HUSBAND. Her ancestry— Patriotic instincts of the family— Service in Philadelphia hospitals— Harrison's Landing— Nursing a sick son— Minis ters to others there— Dr. Markland's testimony— At Camden Street Hospital, Baltimore— Antietam— SmoketowL Hospital— Associated with Miss M. M. C. Hall— Her admirable services as nurse there — Her personal appearance— The wonderful apron with its pockets— The battle-flag— Her heroism in contagious disease — Attachment of the soldiers for her— Her energy and activity— Her adventures after the battle of Chancellorsville— The Field Hospital near United States Ford— The forgetful surgeon— Matron of Third Division, Third Corps Hospital, Gettysburg— Camp Letteriuan— Illness of Mrs. Husband— Stationed at Camp Parole, Annapolis— Hospital at Brandy Station—The battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania— Overwhelming labor at Fredericksburg, Port Royal, White House, and City Point— Second Corps Hospital at City Point- Marching through Richmond—" Hurrah for mother Husband"— The visit to her "boys" at Bailey's Cross Roads— Distribution of supplies — Mrs. Husband's labors for the pardon or commutation of the sentence of soldiers condemned by court-martial — Her museum and its treasures 287-29S THE HOSPITAL TRANSPORT SERVICE.