Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada (part 5 of 5)

Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada (part 5 of 5)

The mistress who can conduct her domestic menage with two servants only is usually better served and with less friction than where more are employed. Rarely can three servants get on harmoniously. The more servants there are, unless there is a housekeeper, the more shirking there is, and the more waste and extravagance.

SUMMARY.

Remember--

That, in introducing people the man must always be introduced to the woman.

That the younger woman, the unmarried, the less socially prominent, are introduced to the older, the married and the more renowned..

That to pronounce names distinctly avoids much awkwardness to those introduced.

A casual meeting on the street does not necessitate an introduction.

Never present yourself with a letter of introduction. Leave it at the door.

That a card represents a visit, and that leaving your name in this way makes your friend your debtor.

That after dinners, luncheons, theatre and card parties a call is required, whether the invitation is accepted or not.

An invitation to a wedding must be acknowledged by sending cards to those in whose name the invitation was issued, and may, if she so pleases, call on the bride on her return from her wedding journey.

One should send announcement cards rather than invitations to those with whom acquaintance is slight.

An invitation to afternoon tea does not require reply. Leave cards if present.

The etiquette of calling on an "at home" day does not differ from that of an ordinary call, save that some light refreshment is offered, as a rule.

That the bachelor and the widower should respond to every invitation whether accepted or declined, by calling and leaving cards, whereas the married man's wife may leave his cards with her own. Men ignore this rule a great deal, however.

[MANNERS AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS 783]

Cards must be engraved, never written or printed.

That a married woman uses her husband's full name on her cards; that a man's name always has the prefix Mr., and an unmarried woman's or young girl's that of Miss, and that "pet" names are not "good form" on cards.

The extreme limit of a call is twenty minutes, and the first caller to arrive should be the first to depart.

That you should not prolong your leave-taking.

That the lady invites the man to call, and being thus complimented he should soon avail himself of the permission.

It is the mother's place to invite young men to call, not the daughter's, though she may say "My mother would be pleased to have you call on us," The mother must then meet and assist, for a time at least, in entertaining him.

A first call must always be returned. Afterwards the acquaintance need not be continued.

"Not at home" is no discourtesy to a caller if she is so informed when the maid opens the door. The maid should know whether her mistress wishes to see callers or not.

P. p. c. on a card means "To take leave," and intimates your friend is leaving town for a season.

It is customary for mother and daughter to use a card on which hath names appear when calling together. A debutante, in our most conventional society, has no separate card of her own. If she calls without her mother, she uses this double card, running a pencil mark lightly through her mother's name.

Sisters may use a card in common; it should be engraved "The Misses Jones," and used when calling together or sending gifts.

The divorced woman, if she drops her husband's name by permission of the court, uses her maiden name on her cards, with the prefix Mrs. If she retains her husband's name, she usually combines her family name with it, as Mrs. Jones Brown.

A card should never be handed to a hostess or any member of the family. Lay it on the table. If a member of the family opens the door, a card need not be used, though one is often left as above.

At afternoon teas, receptions and "At Homes" the visitor leaves a card for the hostess on the tray in the hall, and one for the guest of honor, or the debutante if one is being introduced.

A card to an "At Home" or an afternoon reception does not require either acceptance or regret. If the person invited attends she leaves her card; if not, she sends it by mail to reach the home on the day of the reception.

[784 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

An invitation to a dinner must be answered immediately, and unconditionally accepted or declined.

If, having accepted, it becomes absolutely impossible to keep the engagement, the earliest possible notice must be given to the hostess.

It is unpardonable to be late at a dinner party. Arrivals are expected within ten minutes of the hour named.

One wears the best she has that is suitable for a dinner party.

The reply to an invitation must follow the style of the invitation. If formal, that is, in the third person, the reply must also be in the third person. If informal, the personal form being employed, the reply is also informal.

Do not send your card with "Regrets" written upon it, in response to any invitation, formal or informal.

Telephone invitations are admissible only for informal affairs. General invitations, given verbally, have no social footing. "Do come and dine with us some day," unless followed by a definite date or note of invitation, means nothing.

An invitation given by a man to dine or visit, or to a home entertainment, is not to be accepted unless seconded by his wife.

A girl, sending invitations to commencement exercises, encloses her card.

It is bad form to show that one feels slighted or affronted at not having been invited to any function, or not given the precedence one feels herself entitles to. The hostess, in her own home, obeys such rules as she believes correct.

A visitor is expected to contribute her share to the pleasure of the occasion by being conversationally agreeable.

If hostess, one must overlook every awkwardness on the part of the guest or servant, and any accident to one's belongings, but be deeply solicitous and apologetic if an accident happens to a guest,

The guest of honor at a dinner party should take leave first. Other departures follow speedily.

Remember--

That an invitation to spend a few days with a friend requires a speedy reply. It is not allowable to say one will come either earlier or later than the time specified.

A visitor should adapt herself to the ways of the household, be punctual at meals, and make no plans or arrangements without consulting her hostess.

She may not invite a friend of her own to a meal without requesting permission of her hostess.

She should be careful not to infringe upon the privileges and prerogatives of the man of the house.

MANNERS AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS 785

She may accept invitations in which the hostess is not included, but never without due consultation with her hostess.

She should show herself pleased with the efforts made to entertain her and enter into them readily.

She should leave promptly at the expiration of the time set for her visit. It is almost invariably a mistake to outstay the limit. If no limit was named in the invitation, she should, within a day or two of her arrival, state the date on which she will leave.

On her return home, her first duty is to write her hostess, announcing her arrival and expressing her pleasure in the visit. To omit this is a grave discourtesy. A hostess once said of a woman who failed in this particular: "We don't know whether she reached home or not; we never heard from her after she left."

On departure, maids or servants who have attended one should receive a gratuity, proportioned to the means of the visitor and the style of the establishment.

The hostess should arrange to have the visitor met, either meeting her in person at the station or being first to greet her on her arrival at the house.

Guest rooms should be in perfect order and equipped with every possible convenience for the comfort of visitors.

The hostess arranges whatever pleasures are possible for her guest's enjoyment, invites her friends to call on her, and probably gives a tea or reception in her honor.

Do not forget that it is ill-bred as well as unkind to discuss the family affairs of one's hostess with others; to criticise or complain of her arrangements; or gossip about her or her family.

Remember--

The announcement of an engagement comes from the family of the girl.

The parents and relatives of the bridegroom-elect should call on the girl and her mother, or if living in another city write cordial letters without delay.

The bride-elect should respond to these advances with cordiality.

She should try to make her future husband's family like her.

Etiquette is not relaxed in the case of an engaged couple. They do not make calls together except on relatives or very close friends. They may not make journeys together unchaperoned.

The cost of a wedding, whether at church or at home, is borne by the bride's family, the bridegroom paying for the wedding ring, the clergyman's fee, and the carriage in which the pair leave the church after the ceremony.

Though it may be necessary to limit the number of invitations to a wedding, announcement cards should be sent to all the friends and acquaintances of the two families.

[786 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

The "giving away" of a bride by her father is no mere form; it is a recognition of family authority, the claim of a father upon his daughter. It should therefore be a part of the ceremony.

Invitations to the church ceremony do not necessitate a wedding gift. Those invited to the reception may send gifts if they so desire.

Cards are usually removed from gifts, but in some cases are left on.

All gifts should be acknowledged before the ceremony if possible, by the bride herself.

If the bridegroom's parents live out of town, it is customary for the parents of the bride to invite them to their home as guests of the occasion. If this is not practicable, they may engage rooms for them at a hotel, paying the bill in advance.

It is thought unlucky to postpone a wedding. Better withdraw the invitations in case of severe illness or death, and have a quiet home ceremony with few present.

A bridal procession always moves up the central aisle of the church. In case there is no center aisle, it moves up one aisle and retires down the other. The relatives of the bridegroom are seated in the body of the church on the right; those of the bride are similarly placed on the left.

The hats of the father and ushers are left with the sexton in the vestibule and handed to them as they leave.

At a church wedding a bride almost invariably wears a veil. Her attendants wear hats. The maid-of-honor may wear a short veil.

The dress of the bridal party has already been fully described in a preceding chapter.

It is the custom for the bridegroom to give a gift, almost invariably a piece of jewelry, to his bride; and a small gift of silver or jewelry to each of the ushers and to the best man. The bride generally gives some souvenir of the same character to each of her attendants.

The bridegroom sends the bride her bouquet, and often one of violets or her favorite flower to the bride's mother.

The bride's father seems a rather subordinate figure at the fashionable wedding. After he has given away the bride, he retires into the background, escorting his wife to her carriage at the conclusion of the ceremony. He does not assist her in receiving the guests at the house, but circulates among them after congratulations have been tendered the newly wedded pair.

Formal afternoon dress is necessary for men who attend a day wedding, at church or at home. At an evening wedding they wear evening clothes.

After a wedding, the members of the bridal party are expected to call on the bride's mother within ten days or two weeks.

[MANNERS AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS 787]

A bridal party always stand with their backs to the audience, the clergyman facing it.

Remember--

That men's evening clothes are not worn before six o'clock.

That women wear their hats at afternoon functions, teas, luncheons, bridge parties, etc., and remove them at evening affairs.

That in society, personal affairs, servants, dress, household difficulties, "symptoms," illnesses and bereavements, are not to be made a subject of conversation.

It is not good form to talk of the cost of articles or mention money affairs in company.

The social aspirant should cultivate the art of saying polite nothings acceptably. Small talk is the small change of social life.

One should be prompt at dinner, a card-party or a musicale.

At a dancing-party the hostess does not dance, as a rule, during the first part of the evening. She receives her guests and sees that the women are provided with partners.

A man who dances should pay his hostess the courtesy of inviting her to dance. He should certainly dance with her daughter.

Engaged couples should be careful to avoid demonstrations of affection or preoccupation in each other while in company.

Remember--

That the salt-shaker is out of favor; the open salt cellar and the salt-spoon are much preferred.

Never cut bread; break it with the fingers. Never butter a large piece, or spread it in the palm of your hand.

The finger-bowl will be brought on a plate with a doily under it.

Lift both from the plate to the table. The plate is then ready for the fruit course.

Black coffee--cafe noir--is usually served without cream. Cut loaf sugar is passed with it.

If a visitor for one meal only, the napkin is not folded at the conclusion of a meal. If staying a day or two follow the practice of the hostess.

Creme de menthe is served before the coffee, in small liquor glasses.

Do not break bread or crackers into the soup nor tip the plate to obtain the last of it.

Do not play with crumbs, or finger knife or spoon.

Never touch a knife to fish or salad.

[788 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Remember--

Do not move glass, spoon, etc., when the maid brushes the crumbs from the cloth.

Knife and fork are laid upon the plate, tines of the latter upward, when the plate is passed for a second helping. This "second help" is permitted only at family or informal dinners.

A host must not urge food upon a guest after it has once been declined.

Lift the cup or glass to the lips, instead of bending toward it. Do not throw the head back and raise the cup to get the last of its contents.

Remember--

To prepare a list of the members of the family who will go to the cemetery at a funeral, for the undertaker's guidance, arranging them in the order of the relationship.

Flowers should be sent early in the morning of the day of interment, or on the previous afternoon. Acknowledgment by note or verbally is expected.

A letter expressive of sympathy in a friend's bereavement should be sent immediately upon learning of a death.

During an illness, make inquiries at the door, leaving a card with "To inquire" written upon it. This apprises a friend of your interest in her troubles, yet makes no claim upon her time.

Men wear mourning bands on their hats, not on the coat sleeve. Borders on mourning stationery and cards should be narrow.

Invitations to receptions, weddings, and general entertainments, excepting dancing parties, balls and cotillions, are sent to people in mourning. A response on black bordered stationery sufficiently indicates the reason for non-acceptance.

Remember--

That the typewriter does not figure in social correspondence.

A neat, well written letter or note is a credit to the writer, and a compliment to her correspondent.

Avoid "fancy" or bizarre stationery. A good quality of white or cream paper, in several sizes, is indicative of refined taste.

The forms of address, under the head of "Letter forms" may be profitably studied.

Abbreviations are incorrect. Write out the name of the state on your envelope; otherwise it may go astray.

[MANNERS AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS 789]

To keep a dictionary on one's desk is a wise precaution unless one is sure of herself in regard to spelling.

Answer all notes of invitation promptly, and unconditionally; and all friendly letters within a reasonable time.

If you never say an unkind or hateful thing in a letter, you will never fear you may be some day condemned by your written evidence.

Don't keep old letters; it is unwise.

Avoid discussions on any subject on which people feel strongly, like politics and religion. Do not hold an argument in society.

Remember that good manners are made up of petty sacrifices, gracefully made.

A kind "no" is often more agreeable than a rough "yes." An assent, given grudgingly, is always ungracious.

Take note of this quotation: "Life is like a mirror. It reflects the face you bring to it. Look out lovingly upon the world and the world will look lovingly in upon you."

[790 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

BEAUTY AND THE TOILET

INCLUDING MANICURING, CARE OF THE COMPLEXION, TEETH, EYES, FEET, Etc.

"The one thing that woman prizes most is her beauty. Though she have none, she yet persuadeth herself that she possesses some charm upon which men's eyes rest admiringly."--Johnson.

"There is no wound a woman will not more willingly forget than a blow to her vanity."

Although woman's chief desire is to be beautiful, it is a historical fact that nearly every woman whose beauty has been renowned has either led an unhappy life or met a tragic fate. Strangely, too, the most famous attachments of which we have record have been inspired by women who were not only not beautiful, but who had some noticeable defect. So to be attractive, and to charm, it is not necessary to be beautiful. Beauty gives a woman a start in the race; her other qualities must enable her to keep her advantage.

THE FACE-HEALTH AS AN AID TO BEAUTY.

The first essential to good looks is good health. The clear complexion, the bright eyes, the lustrous hair that are such helps are born of good health rather than of creams and hair tonics. Health depends a good deal on wholesome diet and out-door exercise, which make pure blood. Pure air is invaluable. Country girls often have exquisite complexions because of the pure air they breathe--unless they eat too much heavy, greasy food.

Study hygiene, then, instead of relying upon "Bloom of Youth" and "Cream of Roses" as aids to a good complexion. Such things deceive no one, and by use ruin the skin, wrinkling and withering it. It is a good thing to drink plenty of water. A glass on retiring, another on rising, and a third an hour before the noon meal is little enough. Keep the stomach and bowels in good order.

BLACKHEADS.--The most frequent inquiry in the "beauty pages" of the papers is what to do for blackheads. In the first place, don't allow yourself to get them. Keep your face clean. A blackhead is simply a pore that is filled with oil and dirt. Sometimes they are as large as the head of a pin. When taken out they leave an enlargement known as a coarse pore. Do not steam the face to remove them. Wash the face well with soap and hot water; wring cloths out of hot water and hold to the face then massage with cold cream. Several treatments will soften them so they may be pinched out between the thumbs. Never attempt this treatment before going out; do it at night, before retiring.

Blackheads are a reflection upon one's personal cleanliness, therefore bathe the whole body often.

[BEAUTY AND THE TOILET 791]

PIMPLES.--Pimples are due to an impure condition of the blood, for which sulphur is a good remedy, taken internally and applied externally. One dram each of camphor and flowers of sulphur in four ounces of rose-water is a good lotion for external use. Do not pick or squeeze pimples, unless pus has formed in them. Nothing is more disgusting than a face broken out in pus-filled pimples. See a physician if thus afflicted.

FRECKLES.--These have been poetically called "the kisses of the sun," but no girl cares for evidences of that sort of affection. Prevention is easier than cure. Simple home remedies are lemon juice and glycerin, sour buttermilk, and elderflower soap used in bathing.

A well-known application is six grains of bichloride of mercury in one ounce each of glycerin and alcohol, and a few drops, say ten or twelve, of oil of lavender. The trouble is that after using these remedies the skin is delicate and freckles more easily.

The fad for going bareheaded has ruined many a girl's complexion.

SUNBURN.--Avoid it when possible. If going on the water, apply magnesia to the face rather thickly. If sunburned, rub the skin with cold cream, leaving it on as long as you can before using water on it. A wash that is good for tan and sunburn requires half an ounce of borax and an ounce of lemon juice in a pint of rose water.

CHAPPED HANDS AND FACE.--Many cases of "chaps" may be avoided by the simple precaution of wiping the face and hands perfectly dry. If the skin chaps easily keep at hand a bottle of glycerin and lemon juice mixed in about equal proportions, and after wiping rub a little on the hands. Before going out in the cold, rub a little cold cream or oil of sweet almonds over the face; leave it on a few minutes, rub off lightly with a dry towel and dust with rice powder. Camphor ice is good for chapped lips.

A PURE FACE CREAM.--Set a bowl in a basin of hot water over the fire. In it put a quarter of an ounce of white wax and two and a half ounces of spermaceti, and the same quantity of oil of sweet almonds. When melted and hot, add a pinch of borax and an ounce and a half of rose-water. Beat these ingredients with a silver fork, briskly, till the cream is cold. Warm the jar before filling it and keep in a cool place.

ANOTHER GOOD CREAM.--One ounce each of white wax and spermaceti; two ounces each of lanolin and cocoanut oil and four ounces of sweet almond oil. Melt in a double-boiler or a bowl set in hot water, and stir in two ounces of orange flower water and thirty drops of tincture of benzoin. Stir briskly till cold, and of the consistency of a thick paste. This is to be used at night, after thoroughly washing the face. It is a good cleansing cream also.

[792 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

WRINKLES.--It is a great deal easier to prevent wrinkles than it is to get rid of them after one has acquired them. A little study of women's faces will show how wrinkles, that no amount of massage will obliterate, are being made. They make perpendicular wrinkles between the eyes by drawing the brows together when sewing or reading, sometimes through habit and sometimes because of insufficient light. Some wrinkles are born of in-temper, of fretfulness, or sorrow. As the skin loses its elasticity, through age or ill-health, wrinkles come more and more easily. The best remedy for wrinkles is a light heart and a contented mind. Assist these with good, wholesome food that makes pure blood to feed the body, and render external aid through gentle massage and some good face cream and you have done the best you can. It is a good plan to some day take your hand-mirror with you as you go about your daily duties and watch the process of wrinkle-making. Say you are sewing and note the glass. Without changing your expression, take a look at yourself. The chance is it will be a revelation. You will realize why wrinkles come.

MASSAGE.--Unless properly done, massage may do more harm than good. If one can afford a few treatments by a scientific masseur and study her methods, it is a great help. The thing is not to rub in more than you rub out, by improper manipulation. Rub the face up, not down. This is because of the tendency of the muscles to sag.

Rub across, not with, the lines. Rub the "parentheses" around the month up and out, and give a rotary motion to the rubs given the checks, gently pinching and pulling them out.

But after all, there's nothing like good temper and steady nerves to prevent the tell-tale lines.

WRINKLED HANDS.--Wrinkled hands belong to age, and are due to loss of oil in the skin. After washing and wiping them, rub with a little cold cream or olive oil. Rub well into the skin. At night, use the cream or oil freely and put on a pair of old gloves.

Camphor is a good whitening agent for the hands, and a teaspoonful of spirits of camphor beaten into any greasy, cold cream will be beneficial. A piece of the gum camphor melted with the ointment blends more readily. A piece of camphor size of a walnut to two tablespoonfuls of the cream is about right proportions.

RED HANDS AND NOSE.--Sometimes a too tight corset, impeding the circulation of the blood, is responsible for the blemishes; sometimes poor circulation due to poor health. Cold feet may send the blood to the nose. Find out what is the cause and remove it. Local applications are ineffective.

[BEAUTY AND THE TOILET 793]

COLD OR FEVER SORES.--These unpleasant afflictions may be cured if taken at the first indication of what is coming--a smarting or burning sensation--by frequent applications of dilute spirits of camphor.

FACE POWDERS.--There are few women who do not at times have occasion to use face powder. A woman once remarked: "It isn't decent not to in summer--one looks so greasy without." There are many face powders on the market, some of which are comparatively harmless, while others are deleterious. The injury done by powder is that it fills the pores, stopping them up and thus clogging the skin. Many powders contain lead or bismuth, both of which are very injurious. Magnesia is drying. Rice powder is most harmless, but does not adhere. The most innocent powder is probably a preparation of French chalk. Weigh a box of powder in your hand before purchasing. If heavy, it doubtless contains lead, and should be refused. Find some powder that agrees with your skin and then buy that brand. Suit the color of the powder to your complexion. Don't use flesh tint if you are sallow, the "outlying regions" of neck and ears betray you.

TO USE POWDER.--Wash the face; rub a little cold cream over it, rubbing it in well, wipe with a dry towel, gently, then apply the powder with a chamois--a clean one. Do not keep it on unnecessarily. Remove by rubbing with the cleansing cream, then wash the face. Never go to bed with powder on your face.

LIQUID WHITENERS.--Avoid these. They are "whitewashes" that wither and wrinkle the skin and make it prematurely old. Almost without exception they contain lead in some form. Constant use may produce a facial paralysis due to lead poisoning. Moreover they deceive no one, and give an unpleasing impression as regards one's good sense.

ROUGE.--Well, don't do it. There may be a few who can have a rouge especially prepared that is the exact tint that harmonizes with the skin, the hair, the eyes, and can apply it so carefully as to look "natural." But ordinarily the deception is evident, and rouge in conjunction with liquid washes and penciled eyes and brows, suggest the aids employed by women of the demi-monde.

If any rouge is used, let it be the "Spanish lady's rouge" or crepons--bits of white woolen crepe dyed with an ammoniacal solution of carmine. These are gently rubbed on the skin to produce the required glow.

THE HAIR.--Beautiful hair is woman's crown of glory. Thousands of the sex wear it unbecomingly. They follow the latest fashion in arrangement without reference to whether it suits the lines of the face and head or otherwise. One should never be satisfied with a front view alone. Study the back, the sides, the lines produced, just as you study the becomingness of a hat from all angles. If a new fashion is unbecoming, either avoid it, or modify it into becomingness if you can. So many women make guys of themselves by a slavish devotion to the freaks of fashion.

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CARE OF THE HAIR.--The hair is kept in order by frequent brushings, which excite the natural oil by which it is fed, and by washing it. Dr. Leonard, an authority on the hair, says once a month is as often as the hair needs washing. As a shampoo, he advises yolk of egg, well rubbed into the scalp and roots of the hair, then washed out with tepid water and castile soap. A brisk rubbing with dry towels excites the blood-vessels of the scalp. There is no doubt that this simple shampoo is more beneficial than many new-fangled ones.

The hair should be taken down and well brushed every night, This removes dirt and makes it glossy. Use a brush with bristles as stiff as you can use without irritating the scalp too much, and keep it clean. Don't drag a fine comb through the hair. The proper comb has regular and even teeth, rounded, not sharp. If a tooth becomes split, remove it; it will break the hair. Wire brushes are nothing more or less than combs, and are not as good for the hair as good bristle brushes. Keep combs and brushes clean.

USE OF POMADES.--Hair that is dry and brittle really requires some oleaginous preparation, used in moderation. Yellow vaselin is good. Part the hair and rub it into the scalp with the tips of the fingers. A sufficient amount will find its way to the hair itself to relieve the dryness. Cocoanut oil is also good. Never apply anything of this kind to the hair itself, which is simply made greasy. The benefit should be to the roots. The application of vaselin may be made a couple of days before the monthly washing, or if the hair is very dry, may follow it. Remember not to overdo the matter. It does not follow that because a little is good, more is better.

A specialist on the hair who makes biennial trips abroad to advise himself as to the most recent methods and treatment, in a moment of confidence admitted to a customer that after all pure cold water was as good a hair tonic as he knew of. "Do not wet the hair." he said. "Dip the tips of your fingers in cold water and rub the scalp, wetting it and at the same time massaging it. Do this as faithfully as you would apply a tonic, and in all but certain exceptional cases it will be as beneficial.'

CLIPPING THE HAIR.--It is a good plan to clip the ends of the hair once a month to keep the growth even. If the hair splits, trim to a point above it, as the tendency is for the split to extend further up the hair-shaft.

DANDRUFF.--Dandruff is the scaling off of dead cuticle. In excess, it becomes a disease, forming so thick a scale as to kill the roots of the hair and cause it to fall out. It is rightly called "itch dirt." Cleanliness therefore helps a cure.

An old-fashioned recipe for dandruff calls for five ounces of bay rum, one ounce of olive oil, one ounce tincture of cantharides. Dr. Leonard advises free applications of sweet oil for the purpose of softening the scales, then a washing with warm water and castile soap, or the "green soap" of the pharmacy. If the disease is bad, or obstinate, apply a little oxide of zinc ointment.

[BEAUTY AND THE TOILET 795]

WASHING THE HAIR.--One suspects that those who advise washing the hair once a week have more of all eye to the increase of their business than to the welfare of their customers' hair. The egg shampoo has been advised. Use a soap made of vegetable oil if possible. Never rub soap in the hair, and be very careful to rinse thoroughly, to get all the soap out using hot water for washing, then graduating the temperature till the final douche of cold. Do not use ammonia, soda or borax on the hair.

COLOR OF THE HAIR.--Nature has suited the hair to the complexion in every case, and we cannot improve upon her idea of harmony. That is why any attempt to change the color is so unsatisfactory. The "bleached blonde" is always recognizable; so is the woman who dyes her faded locks in vain effort to retain her "youth." As the hair changes by natural processes the complexion changes to match it, so that we never get a chance to improve upon nature's handiwork.

In Elizabethan days, wigs were worn to harmonize or match with the costume. Queen Elizabeth had over eighty. Think of purple hair? Yet some dyes give a purple tinge to the locks.

DYED HAIR.--Dyed hair is a sorry makeshift at best. Far better let nature have her way. There is but one hair-dye that is not positively harmful, this is henna, and its use entails no end of trouble because it must be frequently renewed,--some use it every day.

To prepare the dye, get a quarter pound of henna leaves; to this add two quarts of cold water. Let stand on the back of the range where it will steep slowly for four or five hours. Add three ounces of alcohol and bottle. Apply with a tooth-brush. It gives a sort of reddish-brown color. Women whose hair is prematurely gray often use this, declaring their white hair prevents them from obtaining or holding business positions. But where hair has whitened prematurely there is always a freshness and vitality about eyes and complexion that bespeaks youth.

Physicians strongly deprecate the use of hair dyes. No matter how strenuously the label insists on "absolute harmlessness," the dye relies for its effectiveness upon the presence of lead in some chemical combination. The frequent application of lead to the scalp induces a certain dangerous form of poisoning, which results in paralysis. If "dye you must," pin your faith to henna.

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GRAY HAIR.--"The only thing to do with gray hair is to admire it." This is true. Nothing so sets off an aged face like the crown of silver. To color it is a great mistake. There is absolutely no cure for it; the one thing we can do is to make it a beauty. Gray hair is due to the exhaustion of the pigment or coloring cells of the hair, supposed to be occasioned by the lack of a regular supply of blood.

For the progressive whitening of the hair due to the advance of age, curative agents are rarely of any avail, especially if the trouble is hereditary. Not that gray hair and baldness are handed down from father to son, but that the peculiarities of constitution which produce them are inherent in both. Nervousness, neuralgia, a low physical condition, aid the falling and blanching of the hair, and the victim should build up the general system. Preparations of iron and sulphur, taken internally, are supposed to supply certain elements of growth and pigment-forming power to the hair.

A solution of iron for external application to the hair, calls for two drams each of citrate of iron and tincture of nux vomica, and one and one-half ounces each of cocoanut oil and bay rum. It may be mentioned here, that faithfulness in treatment means even more than the tonic applied. To gain any real benefit, one must be persistent in application.

Hair often turns gray "in streaks" to the chagrin of the victim. Or it whitens above the forehead and temples and remains dark at the back. Nothing can be done for this.

Gray hair should be kept scrupulously clean, and requires more frequent washing than hair that holds its color. A very little blueing in the rinsing water gives a purer, clearer white. For this use indigo, not the usual washing fluid which is made of Prussian blue. Five cents worth of indigo will last a lifetime.

A HAIR TONIC.--A lotion Dr. Leonard recommends for the hair, especially where it is coming out calls for two drams tincture cantharides, half an ounce nux vomica, one dram tincture capsicum, one and a half ounces castor oil, and two ounces of cologne. Apply with a bit of sponge twice a day.

A preparation which is tonic in its properties and is also said to darken gray hair, and which certainly contains nothing injurious, calls for one ounce of sage and a pint of boiling water, allowed to stand twenty-four hours in an iron pot, and then filtered through filtering papers.

Digest half an ounce of pine tar in a pint of water for forty-eight hours, stirring occasionally; filter, and put with the other fluid, then add one pint of bay rum, one ounce each of cologne and tincture of cantharides, two ounces of glycerin and ten ounces of distilled water. Apply daily, using a tonic brush.

THE HAIR AND HEALTH.--The condition of the hair is largely predicated on the condition of the general health. In health, it should be abundant, glossy and bright--"live"--in color. A low physical condition may make it look dry and dead, and induce falling out. Take care of the general health for the sake of the hair as well as for the sake of the complexion.

[BEAUTY AND THE TOILET 797]

THE HANDS.--One of the woman's continuous tasks is trying to keep her hands clean, and one thing that militates against their good looks is careless washing. They are washed indiscriminately in hot or cold water, the soap not properly rinsed off, nor the drying complete. To keep them soft and white, wash in soft, tepid water, dry thoroughly, then rub in a little cold cream or compound of glycerin, or fine cornmeal. Use rubber gloves in dish washing, and if you must have your hands in soapy water for a long time, after washing them in pure water rub over with a few drops of lemon juice or cider vinegar. This kills the potash in the soap that has been used.

CARE OF THE NAILS.--It is a luxury to have one's nails done by a manicure, and if one can not afford this, always, it is profitable to have it done a few times and carefully observe the process, because the nails are a very important part of the care of the hands.

Finger Nail Powder, Old Tried Remedy for--

"Violet Talcum Powder 1/2 ounce Pulverized Boric Acid 1/2 ounce Powdered Starch 1/2 ounce Tincture of Carmine 15 drops

If the nails become hard or brittle, immerse them in warm olive oil every night or rub vaselin into them."

IMPLEMENTS.--The tools required are a pair of manicure scissors, which have small curved blades; get a good pair of steel scissors, the silver are not so good; a package of emery boards, an orange-wood stick, a flexible nail file, a small bottle of peroxide of hydrogen for bleaching, a bit of pumice stone, a cake of polishing powder, a chamois covered "buffer" and a box of rosaline or other paste.

THE PROCESS.--The nails are to be shortened by filing, as cutting thickens them. The orange-wood stick is then dipped in peroxide and run under the nail to bleach, then the pumice stone, powdered, is used in the same way to cleanse. During this the left hand is soaking in tepid, soapy water. Of course, if you do your own manicuring you will go on with the right hand, waiting while the cuticle at the base of the nail softens. This is then anointed with a little cold cream or vaselin; the cuticle is loosened and trimmed if necessary,--do not trim if you can avoid it, as cutting thickens it. When both hands have been thus treated, they are again soaked a few minutes, then a little of the rosaline paste--a very little--is put on each nail, the buffer dipped in the polishing powder and the nails polished. The hands are then washed, rubbed dry, and the fingers gone over a second time in search of roughness of nail or cuticle; they are then polished again with a clean buffer, and may be sprayed with perfume from an atomizer.

MOUTH AND TEETH.--Many young people owe their homely mouths to infantile habits. Sucking the thumb, and these horrible "pacificators" or "baby comforters" are responsible for some ill-shaped mouths. A large mouth, if not malformed, is not ugly unless filled with bad teeth or set in a disagreeable expression. Thus, in a way, we mould this feature ourselves, to a considerable degree.

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CLEANSING THE TEETH.--A good brushing twice a day, using cold water and some pleasant antiseptic wash, like listerine, does much to keep the mouth and teeth clean. Particles of food lodged between the teeth should be removed with a bit of dental floss.

VISITS TO THE DENTIST.--Pain and expense are saved by consulting the dentist in good season. The smallest cavity should be filled as soon as discovered. At least once a year the teeth should be carefully examined by one's dentist; it would be better to go every six months. Let the dentist clean them and remove the tartar, if any, as commercial preparations often injure. Most dentists will save a tooth wherever possible. There is little excuse for bad teeth these days, since modern dentistry can work marvels.

CHILDREN'S TEETH.--On no account let a child's second teeth come in crowded, irregular or projecting. A good dentist can remedy all these malformations and though it may be troublesome at the time, the child, when grown, will blame you for not having relieved him of them. From babyhood, the child should be taught that cleansing the teeth is as important a part of the toilet as washing the hands.

THE EYES.--No gift is more precious than sight. Therefore take care of your eyes. Don't overstrain them, don't put anything in them, don't follow any casual prescription, nor use belladonna to brighten them. Consult an oculist, not an optician, if there is anything the matter with them. Bathe them in hot water when they feel tired and drawn. Eyesight is too precious to be tampered with. If a child is cross-eyed, a simple operation will straighten them, and it is a crime not to have it done.

EYELASHES AND EYEBROWS.--The best application for these is the simplest. Just a little yellow vaselin, which encourages growth. Don't clip, either. Frequent brushing will generally train the brows into a shapely line. A heavy, coarse hair may be pulled out with the fingers.

THE FEET.--The three most frequent evils to which the feet are heir are corns, bunions or enlarged joints, and chilblains. Ingrowing nails are much less common, but make up in painfulness.

CORNS.--Corns are of three kinds: callous spots, soft corns, and corns. Callous spots may be rubbed or pared down and rubbed with cocoa butter. Soft corns come between the toes and are very painful. Soak absorbent cotton in a little turpentine and put between the toes; or sprinkle the cotton with powdered alum. These corns are supposed to be due to moisture between the toes and are sometimes cured and often prevented by keeping absorbent cotton between the toes. Prevention saves a lot of suffering. "Just corns" are calloused spots with hard center; pressure on this causes pain. Soaking in hot water, and shaving off as much of the hardened skin as can be removed with safety, affords relief. The little hard core should be taken out.

Precautions.--Be sure that your knife, razor, or whatever implement is used is perfectly clean (sterilized) and avoid drawing blood. If this happens, use some antiseptic. Cases of blood-poisoning that have resulted fatally have been caused by such wounds. If you wear colored hose, have them washed before wearing, as the dye may be injurious.

[BEAUTY AND THE TOILET 799]

BUNIONS.--These painful enlargements are due to a too short shoe, or one that does not fit well. Better discard such footwear; it will be cheaper in the end. Paint the sore joint with a mixture of equal parts of glycerin, tincture of iodine and carbolic acid; using a camel's hair brush. Stockings that are too short may produce the same affliction.

CHILBLAINS.--People who have, or do not want chilblains should avoid woolen stockings. Neither should they "toast their toes" at the fire, wear bed-socks, or take a hot water-bottle to bed with them. Warm the feet by exercise, or vigorous rubbing. If very painful, try ice-cold applications, tincture of iodine, camphor, and tincture of chloride of iron are healing.

INGROWING NAILS.--A bad case should be taken to the chiropodist. Shaving the nail thin on the top, or cutting a V-shaped piece out of it, tend to relieve. Raise up the nail and put a bit of absorbent cotton under it. The best way is to avoid foot troubles by wearing well fitting shoes which are sufficiently large.

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NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS

For Mother and Her Little Family

TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR RAISING CHILDREN.

1. Thou shalt not frighten thy child by threats of punishment.

2. Thou shalt not visit thine own disappointments upon thy child, nor speak to him sharply without just cause.

3. Thou shalt not administer any rebuke while feeling anger toward thy child.

4. Thou shalt not require more of thy child than of thyself.

5. Thou shalt not speak discourteously to thy child.

6. Thou shalt not lie to thy child, neither break thy promise, nor deceive.

7. Thou shalt not waste thyself upon the effort to destroy evil tendencies and wrong activities in thy child, but shall remove temptation from him and cultivate his virtues and his righteous activities.

8. Thou shalt not curtail thy child's liberty but shall insist he respect the liberty of all others, even as his is respected.

9. Many hours shalt thou labor with thy child and do all thy work, dressing him, feeding him, teaching him, amusing him, but for one hour out of every seven waking hours shalt thou let him alone, and bother him not, neither thou, nor thy husband, nor thy nursemaid, nor thy friends, nor thy relatives nor any that are in thy house. For in that hour shall the Lord come unto him.

10. Thou shalt not force thy child in any respect, neither physically, mentally or morally. Thou shalt not force obedience, for forced obedience is not righteous; but thou shalt gently lead thy child along the way that he should go, having first passed over the road thyself.

THE PRAYING OF A CHILD.

Pray, little child for me tonight, That from thy lips like petals white, Thy words may fall and at His feet Bloom for His path with fragrance sweet! Pray, little child, that I may be Childlike in innocence like thee, And simple in my faith and trust Through all the battle's heat and dust!

Pray, little child, in thy white gown, Beside thy wee bed kneeling down; Pray, pray for me, for I do know Thy white words on soft wings will go Unto His heart, and on His breast Light as blown doves that seek for rest Up the pale twilight path that gleams Under the spell of starry dreams!

Pray, little child, for me, and say: "Please, Father, keep him firm today Against the shadow and the care, For Christ's sake!" Ask it in thy prayer, For well I know that thy pure word 'Gainst louder tongues will have been heard, When the great moment comes that He Shall listen through His love for me!

Oh, little child, if I could feel One atom of thy faith so real, Then might I bow and be as one In whose heart many currents run Of joyful confidence and cheer, Making each earthly moment dear With sunshine and the sound of bells On the green hills and in the dells!

Pray, little child, for me tonight, That from thy lips in sunward flight, One word may fall with all its sweet Upon the velvet at His feet, That He may lift it to His ear Its tender plea of love to hear, And lay it, granted, on the pile Signed with the signet of His smile!

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 801]

Motherhood.--Motherhood is a profession that is overworked. The hours are long and holidays and vacations are few and far between. Mother gets a great deal of maudlin sympathy and not enough tangible aid, says a writer in the Housekeeper. Our poetic conception of the true mother is that her whole life is bound up in the welfare of her children and her family. At what age are her children not, for her, a matter of serious concern? She has ever had plenty of material which she can manufacture into worry and heartaches. Many mothers consume too much of their own nervous energy and jeopardize their health in what they think their bounden maternal duties. There is a judicious limit of all things even though they are virtues.

Mother.--The babe at first feeds upon the mother's bosom, but is always on her heart.--H. W. Beecher.

Baby's Layette.--The principal thing to be borne in mind regarding the baby's layette is that all the clothing should be light, soft, in both surface and texture, and porous also in order that the evaporation of perspiration and a certain ventilation of the skin may take place. Perfect simplicity, not only in material and trimming, but in the whole plan of the little garments will testify to good taste and common sense, and at the same time tend to eliminate much fretfulness and wailing.

Baby.--A sweet new blossom of humanity, fresh fallen from God's own home, to flower on earth.--Massey.

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Boy's Garments.--Don't burden the boy with a whole array of separate garments, but give him a few good, heavy things. The lessened number will allow him freedom, and his comfort, too, is to be considered. Boy's trousers are now fully lined, and these with the right sort of underwear will give him the requisite warmth with very little unnecessary weight.

Boys.--A torn jacket is soon mended, but hard words bruise the heart of a child.--Longfellow.

Pretty Things for Baby.--Among pretty articles for baby there are tiny ribbon garters to hold up the little sleeves, in colors to match the blue of the eyes or the pink of the cheeks, and there are huge soft rosettes of ribbon and hand embroidered strings for the cap, and gold baby pins and fleecy robes and bow-decked quilts.

Baby.--A rose with all its sweetest leaves yet folded.--Byron.

Baby's Outing.--It is always better for a baby, no matter how young, to go out in a carriage than to be carried. Young babies are much more comfortable lying full length on a pillow placed in the carriage and properly covered than when carried in the arms.

Baby.--A lovely bud, so soft, so fair, called hence by early doom; just sent to show how sweet a flower in paradise would bloom.--Leigh Richmond.

Wild Flowers.--Children who gather wild flowers should be taught that they must not put them in their mouths. The buttercup, which is harmless enough to handle, contains an acid poison that will produce sore mouth, and taken into the stomach worse effects might result. It also contains a narcotic principle, anemonin, which has the property of diminishing the respiration and heart action.

Flowers.--It is with flowers as with moral qualities, the bright are sometimes poisonous, but I believe never the sweet.--Hare.

Reasoning versus Punishment.--There is one great point that all mothers should observe and that is not to punish children when reasoning would bring the same results. For needless correction blunts a child's sensitiveness. To state that it brutalizes him is putting it too positively, but it tends to develop indifference and hardness that one does not want a child to possess,

Discipline.--Be ever gentle with the children God has given you.--Watch over them constantly; reprove them earnestly, but not in anger.--In the forcible language of Scripture, "Be not bitter against them." "Yes, they are good boys," said a kind father. "I talk to them much, but I do not beat my children: the world will beat them." It was a beautiful thought, though not elegantly expressed.--Burritt.

Baby's Kimono.--The little flannel kimonos or wrappers, so convenient to slip on the baby before the morning bath, or if the room is at all chilly, may be made up in pretty styles, in delicate colors, bound with silk, and tied with tiny bows to match.

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 803]

Early Schooling.--Of ten infants destined for different vocations, I should prefer that the one who is to study through life should be the least learned at the age of twelve. --Tissot.

Baby's Fine Dresses.--If the baby's dress is not made of the finest of handkerchief linen, French nainsook or a very fine batiste is usually chosen. These are the soft materials, soft as well as sheer. They are the materials on which embroidery is done most successfully and the baby dress de luxe is always hand embroidered. It may have on it the merest touch of hand work--scarcely more than a few eyelets and a tiny blossom and stem and yet follow the prescribed lines. The little round yokes are attached to the fulled on skirt portion with the tiniest of beading or else the yoke scallops are lapped down over the fullness. The neck is edged with the little hand-made scallops.

Nicknames.--A good name will wear out; a bad one may be turned; a nickname lasts forever.--Zimmermann.

Undergarments.--In buying the little wool shirts (wool being considered the most satisfactory for infants' undergarments) never get the heaviest weights; there are four usually offered, even for winter wear. The next to the heaviest is quite warm enough for winter, and for summer the lightest weight obtainable, preferably of a mixture of silk and wool; cotton and wool should not be used. In hot weather shirts of cotton gauze or a soft porous cotton stockinet are satisfactory.

Training.--The education of our children is never out of my mind. Train them to virtue, habituate them to industry, activity, and spirit. Make them consider every vice as shameful and unmanly. Fire them with ambition to be useful. Make them disdain to be destitute of any useful knowledge.--John Adams to his wife.

Baby's Nerves.--Never try to entertain a baby too vigorously. Little babies especially, but also children somewhat older, should never be subjected to unnecessary excitement. Older people seldom realize how exceedingly undeveloped the nervous system of a little child is, and any undue shock to it is apt to cause the direst consequence. Do not take very small children to the theatre or the circus. They don't understand it, and they can't enjoy it.

Intemperance.--Violent excitement exhausts the mind, and leaves it withered and sterile.--Fenelon.

Second Teeth.--When the baby's second teeth are cut there are often injurious influences to be combated. There is more or less chance for the formation of caries or tartar; care must be taken and counsel sought, and every effort made to prevent the aggravation of the evil.

Tears.--Tears are the safety-valves of the heart when too much pressure is laid on it.--Albert Smith.

Going Barefoot.--The careful mother does not let her child run barefoot, no matter how they clamor to do it. If they wish to go shoeless, let them wear bathing sandals without stockings, is the advice of the writer, who adds, the germ of tetanus, better known as lockjaw, is frequently found in the soil and a child with even a small scratch or cut takes big risks. For girls, especially, running barefoot should be a forbidden pleasure as it makes the feet broad and flat.

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FROM JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER'S "BAREFOOT BOY."

Blessings on thee, little man, Barefoot boy, with cheek of tan! With thy turned-up pantaloons, And thy merry whistled tunes; With thy red lip, redder still Kissed by strawberries on the hill; With the sunshine on thy face, Through thy torn brim's jaunty grace; From my heart I give thee joy, I was once a barefoot boy.

The Children's Sunday.--What can we do with the children on Sundays? Do not attempt to do anything unusual or make yourself miserable over their natural antics. Send them to the Sabbath School, never deny a child this privilege or be too negligent to give him the privilege, says the Woman's National Daily. A walk during the day to the park, woods or some place where the recreation is pleasant, is advisable. But do not get so modern in your views that you will permit them the riotous amusements in which they must usually indulge through the week. One cannot do wrong in impressing the sacredness of the day upon the children, for it is one of the deplorable features of modern life that the sacredness is sadly abused, and mostly by the young folk.

Idleness.--Idleness among children, as among men, is the root of all evil, and leads to no other evil more certain than ill-temper.--Hannah More.

Learning to Sew.--Every reasonable mother knows that it is wise to teach her little daughter to sew. Let her begin on the tiny garment of her doll. She will easily form the habit of mending torn places in dolly's clothes and replace absent buttons. With this experience, it will not be long before she will begin to take an interest in her own clothes, and so will not need to be warned that a button is coming off or that the hem of her skirt is coming out. But, of course, she could not begin by sewing or patching her own clothes, nor by mending intricate tears. First see that she sews on buttons correctly and then let her do some basting.

A Good Rule.--St. Edmund of Canterbury was right when he said to somebody. "Work as though you would live forever; but live as though you would die today." --Henry Giles.

Double Duties.--Children should never be required to do housework to the extent a housekeeper must do it, for the strength of a growing child should be applied almost wholly to duties at school. A growing child cannot do mental and hard physical labor at the same time. Wiping dishes and assisting in the dusting do not interfere with school work, and are really good exercises. But the young girl who is compelled to rise early in the morning, prepare breakfast, assist with the family washing or ironing and prepare herself for school will lose out somewhere.

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 805]

THE BABY-CLASS TREE.

We little folks planted a wee, wee, tree, The tiniest tree of all; Right here by the school-house door it stands With two little leaves like baby's hands, So crumpled and soft and small.

And I really believe it is ever so glad That we planted it there to grow, And knows us and loves us and understands, For it claps them just like two little hands, Whenever the west winds blow.

The Flannel Binder.--The flannel binders for baby should be cut from the softest kind of flannel and on the bias to increase their elasticity. They should be about five inches wide and twenty inches long, with the edges raw, or pinked, perhaps, but not hemmed. After the first six or eight weeks the knitted, circular band which can be bought ready made or may be crocheted at home, is substituted for the flannel binder.

LOVE.

Over and over and over These truths I will say and sing-- That Love is mightier far than Hate; That a man's own Thought is a man's own Fate, And that life is a goodly thing. --Ella Wheeler Wilcox.

Wholesome Pleasures.--Pleasures for the little ones should be wholesome and sensible, and the dangers of excitement cannot be overestimated. Their minds so ready to receive impressions should receive only the best and most beneficial, the wholesome air play in the park, or the country, not too much company, nor too much noise, nor too many toys.

FROM "THE CHILDREN'S HOUR"

Between the dark and the daylight. When the night is beginning to lower, Comes a pause in the day's occupations, That is known as the Children's Hour.

I hear in the chamber above me, The patter of little feet, The sound of a door that is opened, And voices soft and sweet. --Longfellow.

Scrubbing Tender Faces.--Children have tender skins as a rule, and yet mothers are very apt to scrub the little faces with soap and water and send them out to play. Think of such treatment in connection with your own skin. If the children are going out at once after the washing, use warm water with plain unscented soap, then rub a little good cold cream into the skin.

[806 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

FROM LONGFELLOW'S "VILLAGE BLACKSMITH"

Toiling.--rejoicing,--sorrowing, Onward through life he goes; Each morning sees some task begun, Each evening sees it close; Something attempted, something done, He has earned a night's repose.

Saving the Coverlet.--It is discouraging to the mother to find the eiderdown coverlets becoming soiled where the children rub their hands over them. This can be avoided by making a tiny sham of swiss or other similar material and basting it across the top of the coverlet. It can be pinned into place at the corners with tiny baby pins or caught with a few stitches. These shams edged with narrow lace add a really attractive touch to the coverlet, and they can be quickly removed and easily laundered.

The Greatness of Love.--There are no little events with the heart; it magnifies everything. It places in the same scale the falling of an empire and the dropping of a woman's glove; and the glove generally weighs more than the empire. --Honore De Balzac.

Oranges as Medicine.--One of the most valuable adjuncts in acquiring a generally good complexion in youth is that of eating oranges in quantities. Let the mother give her children two or three oranges every day, as they possess many virtues, especially upon the action of the liver. The mother who buys plenty of oranges for the children will note the reduction in her medicine bill.

THE HUMAN FACE.

When I meet a human face, Lit for me with light divine, I recall all loving eyes, That have ever answered mine. --Phoebe Cary.

The Art of Entertaining Children.--Entertaining convalescent children is quite an art in itself. Nurses who expect to make a specialty of caring for children sometimes take a brief course in kindergarten work, and certainly such knowledge is a valuable asset. Quiet games that do not call for too much exertion, paper-doll plays, the ever-delightful "cutting out" of pictures or fashion book people, making scrap books for children's hospitals and simple knitting or crocheting all help to amuse the little folk. Almost all children enjoy being read to, but care must be taken not to select stories that will depress the child or so excite him as to keep him awake at night or cause unpleasant dreams.

Tireless Talkers.--A sick man that gets talking about himself, a woman that gets talking about her baby, and an author that begins reading out of his own book, never know when to stop.--O. W. Holmes.

Unselfishness.--Unselfishness is the key of a happy and beautiful life, and this is one of the first things that should be taught to the little one, says a writer in The Woman Beautiful. Insist upon her sharing her pleasures, even at a great sacrifice with other children. One mother whom I know has trained her baby to extend an entire box of bon-bons to her little friends with the words "Hop yourself," and she does this with a charm and spontaneity which makes her irresistible.

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 807]

A Cheerful Giver.--We should give as we would receive, cheerfully, quickly, and without hesitation; for there is no grace in a benefit that sticks to the fingers.--Seneca.

Indulgence.--It takes far more than the mere mother love to bring up children. It takes training, study, knowledge, says the New York Tribune. It takes self-control in the parents themselves. The mother who spoils a child through weak indulgence does not truly love her child. She loves her own pleasures in going along the line of least resistance.

Selfishness.--When parents spoil their children, it is less to please them than to please themselves. It is the egotism of parental love.--Carlyle.

Method.--Now that school days are here, mark umbrellas by writing name on muslin with ink and sewing to inside of top with black thread; overshoes and rubbers by writing name on the lining, and handkerchiefs by writing name across the center with ink.

System.--Marshal thy notions into a handsome method. One will carry twice more weight packed up in bundles, than when it lies flapping and hanging about his shoulders.--Fuller.

Baby's Meals.--To make a healthy baby of eighteen or twenty months wait for the meal times of adults before feeding, is putting too great a strain on the little system. Its diet should be adapted to its needs, says a careful mother. Five light feedings are much more scientific, the first at about six-thirty in the morning since baby keeps early hours. Milk and toast should be given at this time. At ten-thirty a. m., well cooked and well strained cereal might be served with rich milk. Cream is for older children. Stewed prunes, baked apples, and oranges are also good. Dinner at one-thirty might include meat broth, or soft boiled eggs, and bread and toast. Soups must be free from grease. Crackers or toast with a cup of milk should be served for the five o'clock supper, and another cup of milk at bedtime.

Forbearance.--There is a limit at which forbearance ceases to be a virtue.--Burke.

The Romper.--The romper has become an essential part of the young child's wardrobe. They are developed mostly in linen, galatea, and less expensively still in chambray. The best colors are dark blue, brown, green, tan and natural colored linen; green perhaps is best for summer. It is cool looking and it does not show grass stains. Short flowing sleeves are most satisfactory.

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BABY'S PURPOSE.

With mighty purpose in his mind, He clambers up. And then, With purpose quite as well defined, He scrambles down again. From "Seven Ages of Childhood."

Picnic Supplies.--Women taking small children to picnics should carry along a heavy quilt or blanket to place on the ground for the babies to sit on. There is always more dampness in the woods than out in the open, and summer colds are not pleasant for grown folk, much less wee tots. A few safety pins, needle and thread will not take up space in the big basket, and how often such articles are needed.

THE MYSTERIOUS FUTURE.

I've been a little girl so long, That, somehow, it seems almost wrong To think how grown-up I shall be In days that have to come to me. --Carolyn Wells.

Zweiback Noodles.--When making soup for children zweiback or Jew's bread is excellent for making noodles. Pound the bread to a powder, roll it with the rolling pin, sift and use the same as flour. It can also be used in milk as a baby food, and is often given to children with very delicate stomachs.

AFFECTION.

In the soft soil of little lives Affection quickly springs and thrives And grows like anything; Its tiny tendrils Love puts out, Not knowing what it's all about But glad to smile and sing. --Carolyn Wells.

Playgrounds for Boys.--In a certain Ohio city there is a large placard "Boys, you can play here," It is a large corner lot thronged the whole day through during the good weather with boys playing ball and other games. This lot which could be sold for thousands of dollars, has been donated to the boys for a playground near their homes, The owner realized that the streets are not suitable playgrounds for the children and that accidents occur there almost daily. The streets of our cities are poor places in which to play, bad for the boys, and still worse for the community, If you have vacant lots turn them over to the boys this summer. A boy never forgets a favor, and American boys are not going to abuse good privileges. The loneliest boys are those who are not allowed to play on the beautiful lawn at home, are not allowed on the streets, and wander about from place to place to be told "Move on," every place they go.

ALL GIRLS AND BOYS.

Fourscore, like twenty, has its tasks and toys; In earth's wide school-house all are girls and boys. --O. W. Holmes.

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 809]

Disinfection of Toys and Books.--All toys that have been used by a child suffering from an infectious disease should be either burned or thoroughly disinfected before they are used again. Books read by the little patient should be especially guarded against.

FROM LOWELL'S "AFTER THE BURIAL."

In the breaking gulfs of sorrow, When the helpless feet stretch out And find in the deeps of darkness No footing so solid as doubt, Then better one spar of Memory, One broken plank of the Past, That our human heart may cling to, Though hopeless of shore at last!

Keep Dainties Away from the Beginning.--The well-trained child does not crave unaccustomed dainties. It is natural that he should feel a curiosity with regard to a dish with which he is not familiar, and ask some questions about it. But that does not mean that any of it is to be given to him. A boy whose digestive organs were very delicate was taught from babyhood to sit in his high chair at the table and eat what was on his tray and was perfectly content with what he had, as he knew no other diet. Once in awhile he would ask: "Is that good for little boys?" and when his mother would answer gently, "No. darling, that would make little boys sick," he was perfectly satisfied. Never having tasted things not suited to his age he did not crave them. One cannot miss that which he has never had. As he grew older he reaped the benefit of the strict regime and his digestion was perfect.

PROGRESS.

New occasions teach new duties; Time makes ancient good uncouth; They must upward still, and onward, who would keep abreast of Truth; Lo, before us gleam her camp-fires! we ourselves must Pilgrims be, Launch our Mayflower, and steer boldly through the desperate winter sea, Nor attempt the Future's portal with the Past's blood-rusted key. --James Russell Lowell.

Temperature of Nursery.--Sixty degrees Fahrenheit is the proper temperature for the nursery, either in summer or in winter. This is not sufficiently warm to be weakening nor sufficiently cool to cause chills. Of course, when the natural heat of the atmosphere is higher than sixty degrees the temperature of the nursery cannot be kept that low, but with darkened windows during the heated portion of the day and good ventilation the room can be kept at a reasonably comfortable temperature.

ROCK ME TO SLEEP.

Backward, turn backward, O Time in your flight, Make me a child again just for to-night! Mother, come back from the echoless shore, Take me again to your heart as of yore; Kiss from my forehead the furrows of care, Smooth the few silver threads out of my hair; Over my slumbers your loving watch keep; Rock me to sleep, mother,--rock me to sleep! --Florence Percy.

[810 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

The Pinafore.--The ideal dress for children is, of course, the pinafore style. It is so easy to renew the overdress and under bodice as required and it is, moreover, invaluable to suit the weather changes from day to day. The serge overdress can have a little cotton or flannel blouse, just as thermometers demand.

WEDDING CELEBRATIONS.

Three days --Sugar. Sixty days --Vinegar. 1st anniversary --Iron. 5th anniversary --Wooden. 10th anniversary--Tin. 15th anniversary--Crystal. 20th anniversary--China. 25th anniversary--Silver. 30th anniversary--Cotton. 35th anniversary--Linen. 40th anniversary--Woolen. 45th anniversary--Silk. 50th anniversary--Gold. 75th anniversary--Diamond.

Afternoon Gowns.--Short afternoon gowns are proper for formal wear; especially for those who can wear the full skirts attached to narrow hem-bands. The dresses escape the floor by several inches and reveal the slippers and an inch of the colored hosiery.

A SONG OF LONG AGO.

A Song of Long Ago: Sing it lightly--sing it low-- Sing it softly--like the lisping of the lips we used to know When our baby-laughter spilled From the glad hearts ever filled With music blithe as robin ever thrilled! --Riley.

Rather Hard on the Baby.--Here is some advice that appeared in a paper for mothers the other day: "The bottle must be kept perfectly clean. When the babe has finished drinking it should be unscrewed and laid in a cool place under the tap." One feels rather sorry for any babies thus treated.

Learning Wisdom.--We learn wisdom from failure much more than from success; we often discover what will do, by finding out what will not do; and probably he who never made a mistake never made a discovery.--S. Smiles.

Nursery.--Today the nursery is looked upon as an essential apartment in a house where children abide, and from a hygienic standpoint, it may justly be called a sensible room, for children after they walk should not sleep in the mother's room. Whether the room is large or moderately small it should, by an means, have plenty of ventilation, the more windows the better. The room should be papered in light colors, also painted in light tones, though the blinds should be the darkest shade, to darken the room when necessary.

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 811]

Cares of Matrimony.--Husbands and wives talk of the cares of matrimony, and bachelors and spinsters bear them.--W. Collins.

Awkwardness Due to Eyes.--A school teacher has remarked that many children are awkward, not through being ungainly in walking, but wholly because of impaired vision. It has been her experience with children in her department who were usually awkward and who had their eyes examined that there was something wrong with the vision, which was quickly overcome when glasses were purchased.

Medicine.--The disease and its medicine are like two factions in a besieged town; they tear one another to pieces, but both unite against their common enemy, Nature.--Jeffrey.

Baby's Petticoats.--Fine white flannel is the best material for baby's petticoats. They may be made in one piece, in princess style, or may consist of a flannel skirt attached to a loose cambric waist. These are decidedly preferable for summer and are really quite warm enough for any season.

Charity.--Prayer carries us half way to God, fasting brings us to the door of His palace, and alms-giving procures us admission.--Koran.

Tub for the Playroom.--Every playroom should be provided with a galvanized tub to hold water for sail boats. What boy does not like to play with water, boats and artificial fish? Do not expect him to be contented with toys or plays that amuse the little girl. The boy prefers splashing in water or making a noise with a hammer. Aquatic toys are numerous and reasonably cheap.

NOW OR NEVER.

Gather the rosebuds while ye may, Old Time is still a-flying; And this same flower that smiles today To-morrow will be dying. --R. Herrick.

Cleaning the Rug at Home.--Baby's fur rug may be cleaned at home by giving it a thorough bath in dry cornmeal. Rub the meal in as though it were soap, shake it out and rub in more meal, letting it remain in the rug for a day or two. Then shake out and the appearance of the rug will be much improved.

The Value of Wise Conversation.--A single conversation across the table with a wise man is better than ten years' mere study of books.--Chinese Proverb.

Tooth Powder.--Look well at the teeth of the little ones. Charcoal and tincture of myrrh are very beneficial to the teeth of the young, and both are easily procured at any drug store.

Silence.--Silence is one of the hardest arguments to refuse.--Show.

[812 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

A Dish for Children.--An old-fashioned dish which never fails to delight the children may be prepared as follows: One quart of cornmeal, one pint of ripe chopped apples, three tablespoonfuls of butter, pinch of salt, one and one-half cups of water. Sweeten the apples to taste and bake as ordinary corn bread.

THE NOON OF LIFE.

What! grieve that time has brought so soon The sober age of manhood on? As idly might I weep, at noon, To see the blush of morning gone. --Bryant.

Mouth Breathing.--Little ones who habitually breathe loud or snore in their sleep may be troubled with an adenoid growth.

Family.--A happy family is but an earlier heaven.--Bowering.

Obedience.--Prompt, unquestionable obedience in children seems to be a thing of the past, is the criticism of a recent writer, who adds: The up-to-date mother no longer tells her offspring that they must do or leave undone certain things because it is right. She enters into elaborate explanations and they need no longer blindly obey. This is not the wise preparation for the adult life. Unless we have taught our children the necessity for life's discipline, which they cannot at the time understand, it will make them rebellious and fail to work out the peaceable fruits of righteousness.

The Value of a Laugh.--A laugh is worth a hundred groans in any market.--Lamb.

Sanitary Drinking Cups.--Supply the youngsters on going to school with folded paper cornucopias which come in sealed packages for a small sum. These are used for drinking cups instead of those found in public places. Teach the children to make these useful little drinking cups from clean white paper, and there will be no danger of contracting disease from a drinking cup used by everyone who passes.

Easy to Misjudge Men.--Every heart has its secret sorrow which the world knows not, and oftimes we call a man cold when he is only sad.--Anon.

Night Petticoats.--Night petticoats for baby have sleeves. If no petticoat is worn, then an extra short jacket is provided in the coldest weather, for most babes sleep best with hands and arms uncovered.

A Bathrobe.--A large Turkish bath towel makes a nice bathrobe for a baby or small child. Use white cotton curtain cords for the girdle and make the hood of the Turkish face cloth. This little robe is very serviceable and convenient, and is easily laundered.

An Easy Task.--It is easy finding reasons why other people should be patient.--George Eliot.

Money to Children.--Instead of paying children for doing work let them understand that they have little duties that they must perform, but give them money at intervals. Teach them the value of money and the principles of saving.

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 813]

Be Discreet.--Thy friend has a friend; thy friend's friend has a friend, therefore, be discreet.--Anon.

Methods of Cooking Eggs.--If you find that your baby, who is just beginning to eat solid food will not eat soft cooked eggs, and there are many who do not like them, try scrambling them until they are well done. If not found palatable in that form make an egg custard. A baby usually enjoys this and receives the same amount of nourishment that he would if the egg were cooked in any other way.

Politics and Veracity.--Politics and veracity have the same number of letters, but there the resemblance ends.--Anon.

Songs and Story Telling.--It is an unusual child indeed who does not delight in listening to story telling or bright little songs at bedtime and the nurse who is much with children will do well to treasure up all such material that comes in her way. Being used to children and having a sincere love for them makes one's work much easier, as even very little children seem to know instinctively who their real friends are and to be more easily controlled by them.

Friendship.--Two persons cannot long be friends if they cannot forgive each other's little failings.--Bruyere

Harsh Commands.--Can a parent who habitually speaks to his children in tones of harsh authority, and gives his commands to them in a manner of an officer addressing refractory troops, expect that they will feel for him the affection that they would give to one who took the trouble to draw out their better natures by loving treatment? The above is a question to be considered by parents who govern wholly by "authority."

Maidenhood.--No padlock, bolts, or bars can secure a maiden so well as her own reserve.--Cerantes.

Baby's Sleeves.--When baby's arms grow too large for the shirt sleeves, while the body of the shirt is still large enough, purchase a pair of infant's white cashmere hose. Cut the feet off and overcast neatly into the armholes; putting in a little gusset under the arms is necessary to enlarge armhole. The leg of the stocking makes the sleeves and the top fits nicely around the little wrist,

Reading.--To read without reflecting, is like eating without digesting.--Burkc.

Princess Skirt.--For long skirts, both flannel and white ones, the princess skirt adds to comfort of the body; no bands or fullness around the body or neck. Cut the material same as for princess slip, coming narrow on the shoulder and low neck back and front, and to flare at the bottom, which may be finished as desired. The flannel ones add to warmth, having flannel to neck baby needs no little jackets,

The Two Symptoms of Love.--The first symptom of love in a young man, is timidity; in a girl, it is boldness. The two sexes have a tendency to approach, and each assumes the qualities of the other.--Victor Hugo

[814 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Securing Covering at Night.--If a delicate child has a habit of kicking the clothes off at night and so contracting chills, it is a good plan to sew a large button to each corner of the coverlet and attach a long tape loop to each corner of the bed. When fastened this will keep the bedclothes securely in place, however much the child may toss in its sleep.

Honesty.--Socrates being asked the way to honest fame, said, "Study to be what you wish to seem."

Amusing Baby.--A simple device for keeping the baby amused and happy is to fasten at intervals upon a broad, bright ribbon the toys of which he is most fond, suspending the ribbon above the bed upon which he lies, within reach of his little hands, by securing one end to the head of the bed and the other to the foot. He will then entertain himself by the hour pushing the toys back and forth, and watching them swing above him.

Prominent Ears.--Prominent ears should always be corrected in childhood by putting a thin cap on the child at night.

Disappointing a Child.--A day in a child's life is equal to a week in ours; so think twice before you condemn a child to a whole day's disappointment or unhappiness.

Baby's Veil.--Baby's veil, which should only be used in cold or windy weather, may be either a Shetland veil or made of bobbinet.

Sweaters.--There are cunning little sweaters exactly like those made up for older children, which come in sizes to fit an eight-months old baby.

Wild Flowers.--Every garden should contain a few wild flowers. The busy mother will find that they grow without care if proper soil is provided and will bloom where there is too much shade for other flowers. March brings forth the lovely hepatica, and wild phlox or sweet william soon follows. Next comes the wild geranium cranes bill, but as its petals fall rapidly, it is not as effective as sweet william, which will be a mass of delicate bloom for five weeks or more. The trillium or wake robin is another desirable flower, and wild violets thrive where the cultivated kind will not grow. The Indian turnip or Jack-in-the-Pulpit is an interesting plant and a curiosity to many who never ramble in the woods to see it in its native abode. All of these bear transplanting and are satisfactory as garden plants, but choose sweet william if you wish the most desirable for color, fragrance and duration of bloom.

Making Friends.--Blessed is the man who has the gift of making friends, for it is one of God's best gifts.--Thomas Hughes.

Baby's Nose.--But the most pliable of baby's features is the nose. By gently massaging this feature every day with the thumb and forefinger a tendency to broadness may be promptly subdued. The bridge should be gently pressed between the fingers in the course of an upward massage movement.

[NURSERY HINTS AND FIRESIDE GEMS 815]

Flowers.--They are wreathed around the cradle, the marriage altar, and the tomb.--Mrs. L. M. Child.

Bed Time.--One little chap was constantly being deceived as to his bed hour, which was 7:30 o'clock. He could not tell the time, and his mother or nurse would tell him that it was bedtime when in reality it was only seven o'clock. He would look puzzled and only half convinced as his reason told him it could not be that late; but he had no choice but to obey. It would have been far wiser to set seven o'clock as his bed hour and to have stuck to it.

Little Minds.--Minds of moderate calibre ordinarily condemn everything that is beyond their range.--La Rachefoucauld.

Tea and Coffee.--Don't give your two-year-old child tea and coffee to drink. What if she does cry for them? The crying will harm her far less than the drink.

FOUR THINGS.

Each man has more of four thing than he knows. What four are these? Sins, debts, fears and woes. --From the French.

Sanitary Care of Baby's Bottles.--To wash and cleanse baby's bottles satisfactorily, have a good stout bottle brush; make a strong suds of hot water and soap or soap powder; wash the bottles thoroughly, using the brush, then rinse several times, using the hot water and borax, and drain. Before using bottles, always rinse again with hot water. With this care there should be no trouble with sour or cloudy bottles.

Moulded by Circumstances.--In all our reasonings concerning men we must lay it down as a maxim that the greater part are moulded by circumstances.--Robert Hall.

Forming Habits.--The trouble with most bad habits is that they are so quickly formed in small children. The mother relaxes her care for a day or two, and a new trick appears, or the work of weeks on an old one is undone. What is true of physical habits is equally so of the moral habits. A tiny baby of a few months old knows very well if the habit of loud crying will procure for it what it wants, and if not cheeked will develop into the irritable whining adult we are all acquainted with. Habits of disrespect, of indifference to the rights of others, of cruelty, may all be irresistibly formed or dispelled in the first few years of life.

[816 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Chains of Habit.--The diminutive chains of habit are seldom heavy enough to be felt, till they are too strong to be broken.--Samuel Johnson. Unique Table Protector.--Many mothers prefer to bring their young children to the family table on ordinary occasions when there are no guests. At the same time they dislike to mar the appearance of their table with the tin waiter which is usually set before the children to protect the cloth against the depredations of dropped bread and milk. A clever device for this purpose is made of two oblong pieces of butcher's linen sewed together in the form of a case, with an oilcloth interlining. The linen is hemmed neatly so that it looks like an oblong napkin, and while it protects the cloth and the table it protects the table underneath; being white, like the cloth itself, it does not spoil the looks of the table. When soiled the oilcloth is slipped out and wiped off with a damp cloth, and the linen case goes with the tablecloth and napkin. Several of these cases will be needed, for the ordinary enterprising baby, but one piece of oilcloth will be sufficient for a long time.

Banish Tears.--Banish the tears of children; continual rains upon the blossoms are hurtful.--Jean Paul Richter.

Folding Bathtub.--The thing most desired by a young mother in these days is a bathtub for the baby made of sheet rubber that is attached to a campstool foundation. It can be folded up and put out of the way when not in use, and it telescopes into a small bundle when one wants to travel.

Flowers.--Flowers are the sweetest things God ever made and forgot to put a soul into.--Henry Ward Beecher.

Correct Length of Clothes.--In making long clothes for the baby it is well to remember that the correct length for long dresses is one yard from the shoulder to the hem. The petticoats should be made the same lengths as the dresses, or perhaps a half inch shorter.

Life.--A pendulum betwixt a smile and tear.--Byron.

[DOMESTIC SCIENCE 817]

DOMESTIC SCIENCE DEPARTMENT.

The Theory and Practical Methods of Preserving Foods. MARMALADES AND BUTTERS. CANNING. JAM JELLIES. PICKLES. CHAFING DISHES.

By EDNA GERTRUDE THOMPSON,

Director of Domestic Science Department, Thomas Normal Training School, Detroit, Michigan.

Theory and Practice of Domestic Science.--Domestic Science has come to be considered one of the most important factors in our public school education of today. We have just awakened to the fact that our daughters should receive training in those things which will best fit them for housewives and mothers. While many of our girls are earning their own livelihood, the majority ultimately settle into homes of their own. Many girls have an excellent opportunity to get the training they need as homemakers from their mothers, but many of the children in this country lack this home training. There are two reasons for this neglect on the part of the mothers: first, the mother may not know how to do these things herself; and, second, she may be a wage-earner and of necessity cannot train her daughter.

Its Moral Influence.--In the early life of the child it is susceptible to influences which may be brought to bear upon it, and if the homemaking instinct is instilled early much is done toward moral growth of the child. The public school is expected to develop the child along these lines and consequently the cookery class, together with the class in housekeeping, has a mighty influence toward developing noble women. All the home duties are developed and made a pleasure and not a duty to the child, so that the home is looked upon with favorable eyes.

There is an old saying that "the way to a man's heart is through his stomach." This contains much more truth than it would seem on the surface. Investigators who have made careful research into the divorce question, which has assumed such large proportions, state that if women knew more of the science of home making there would be fewer homes broken up. What man or woman either would not be utterly discouraged to come home day after day to poor meals and untidiness everywhere, conditions which in time bring poor health and disease. The public school aims through domestic science to teach the importance and dignity of being a good housewife.

[818 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Economy of Domestic Science.--Then again, domestic science makes a plea for recognition on the ground of economy. Many times debt and trouble come to homes, not through lack of sufficient funds, but through lack of knowledge on the part of the dispenser of the funds. One of the principles which domestic science emphasizes in its teaching is to show how some of our cheaper foods furnish more nutriment to our systems than do some of our more expensive articles of diet. With this fact thoroughly established and understood domestic science tries to develop new and simple methods of cooking such foods and of making them attractive and appetizing. It is a well-known fact that it is not the amount of food we eat but the amount that we digest that gives nourishment to our bodies, and it has been proven that food that is not attractive and palatable to us gives only one-half the value to our bodies as when it is made attractive and palatable.

Greatest Food Value from Proper Cooking.--Then also students along this line of study have discovered that some of our common foods lose much of their value to us through improper cooking and preparation.

If we are going to prepare food and use it as part of our diet, why should we not obtain the most of its value? Is that not true economy? For an example of this fact let us take eggs, one of our most common articles of diet. We commonly cook eggs to harden the white, or albumen, so as to make them more palatable. One common method of doing this has been to boil them. Through experiments it has been proven that boiling makes this albumen so hard to digest that our bodies get practically no value from it. The newer method advanced proves that the same results can be obtained by cooking eggs in water which is kept just below the boiling point, and eggs cooked this way are easily and readily assimilated by our bodies. Why should we not endeavor then to give to our bodies food so prepared that it gives the most nourishment. To take another example,--when salt is added to vegetables it draws out from them into the water their mineral salts and any proteid which will build tissue for us. In most vegetables the cooking water is thrown away so that much of the value of the vegetable is lost. Why should we not try to devise a method of cooking which will save for us this food value? Salt is added for flavor only, so why cannot the salt be added a short time before the cooking is finished so that it will not have time to draw out the food value?

[DOMESTIC SCIENCE 819]

How to Save in Cooking Meats.--Again we cook different kinds of meats in different ways. Perhaps you think these different kinds of methods have simply come down to us through the ages. It is, however, interesting to know that our mothers probably developed these methods through thought. Tough meats, we know, require long cooking, but do we know why? The fibers and tissues have become strong through constant use on the part of the animal, and to be of use to us must be softened, so we cook tough meats long and usually with moisture to accomplish the softening. Tough meats are our cheap meats, but have you stopped to consider that they contain more nourishment than our tender meats. As has been stated, the tough meats are the parts of the body of the animal most used and consequently have been developed and nourished. Why not learn how to cook these pieces which give us more nourishment, and which are cheaper, in such a way as to be attractive and palatable? This is what the Domestic Science Course in our public school aims to teach our girls so that as housewives they can get the most value for the least money and be economical and intelligent buyers.

Our Winter Supply.--From an instinct, which ought to be common to all of us, in time of plenty we lay something aside for the time of need. As housewives this truth comes home to us, especially in the summer when we have an abundance of fruit which, without care, would soon become worthless. By reason of which fact we have developed methods of canning, preserving, etc., which at the present time have become so advanced that we can retain a very large share of the original color, flavor and shape of the fruit.

Preserving Foods.--All food products, on exposure to air, undergo certain changes which unfit them for use as food. It was once thought that these changes were due to oxidation, but they are now known to be caused by minute living organisms present in the air, in the water, in the ground and in the food itself. To preserve food two things are necessary; first, to either kill or render harmless those organisms already present; and second, to exclude others from entering. The first we usually accomplish by cooking, and the second by sealing. In order to live these organisms require three conditions; first, a particular temperature; second, a certain amount of moisture; third, the right kind of food. By taking away all or anyone of these requirements we may stop the growth or, in other words, we may preserve the food. For example: with the familiar method of cold storage the factor of temperature is removed; in the drying of the fruits and vegetables the factor of moisture is removed; by salting the factor of food is taken away.

The fruits and vegetables, commonly preserved in the home, are divided into five classes:

l.--Canning. 2.--Jellies. 3.--Jams. 4.--Marmalades and Butters. 5.--Pickles.

[820 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

CANNING.--Under this head there are four common methods:

1. Steaming.--By this method the fruit is put into the sterilized jars, the jars filled with boiling water and the covers loosely set on. Then the jars are set on small blocks of wood in a pan of cold water. Cover this pan and let the water come to a boil and boil for 15 minutes. Remove the jars and fill them with boiling water, if necessary. Seal tightly. Small berries, such as strawberries and raspberries, retain their color and are especially good done in this manner. Whole tomatoes done in this way are especially attractive for winter salads, and corn will keep indefinitely.

2. Boiling in Syrup.--This is the common household method of preserving fruits, such as peaches and pears. A syrup is prepared of sugar and water, into this the fruit is dropped and cooked until soft; it is then put into sterile jars, sufficient syrup added to fill jar and the jar then sealed.

3. Preserving.--This is the same as boiling in syrup, except that equal quantities of sugar and fruit are used. Small fruits such as berries are usually done in this way.

4. Cold Water Process.--This is a simple and easy method to use, and is especially desirable for vegetables such as rhubarb. Great care must be taken to use only perfect fruit, because in this method of canning bacteria are merely excluded, not destroyed, and if any are present in the food there is nothing to prevent it from spoiling. If fruit is over-ripe, or not perfectly fresh one of the other methods, such as boiling or steaming, is preferable.

To Can by the Cold Water Process.--Pack the fruit in a sterilized jar; pour over it water which has been boiled and cooled, seal your jar and keep in a cool place. Sometimes a solution of salt and water is used in place of pure water. When salt water is used food will need to be freshened by being allowed to stand in cold water for some time before using. Vegetables, such as beans, put up in this way are very similar to the fresh product.

Utensils.--Among the utensils most necessary for use in preserving foods in the home are scales, measuring cups, porcelain or agate ware sauce pans; earthen or agate ware bowls; silver, agate or wooden spoons; an agate colander; small dipper and funnel; new rubbers and perfect covers for the jars.

To Sterilize Jars.--Wash the jars, fill with cold water, place them on rests, such as small blocks of wood on the bottom of the kettle or boiler and surround them with cold water. If blocks of wood are not obtainable the jars may be wrapped in brown paper to prevent them knocking against each other. Be sure the mouths of the jars are uncovered. Heat gradually until the water boils, boil 15 minutes or until ready to fill them. Sterilize the covers of the jars also, and dip the rubber bands in boiling water just before using.

[DOMESTIC SCIENCE 821]

Directions for Filling Jars.--Remove the jars from the boiling water--the handle of a wooden spoon is good to use in removing them. Wring a cloth out of hot water and place it on a plate, put the jar to be filled on the hot cloth, put a silver spoon in it,--silver being a good conductor of heat absorbs the heat from the fruit and lessens the danger of breakage. Fill the jar with fruit and then add enough syrup or boiling water, as the case may be, to fill the jar to overflowing. Run a silver knife or spoon down the sides of the jar to allow any enclosed air to escape; add more syrup or water, if necessary. Put on the sterilized rubber and seal tightly.

Tomatoes Canned Whole by Steaming.--Select medium sized, firm, ripe tomatoes. Wash and peel. Pour boiling water over the tomatoes and they will peel easily. Pack in sterilized jars, fill with boiling water and put on the lid lightly. Set in cold water on rests and let boil about fifteen minutes. If necessary, fill the jar with boiling water to overflowing. Put on the sterilized rubbers and seal tightly. These tomatoes are especially good for winter salads.

Canned Corn.--Cut the corn from the cob while fresh, pack in sterilized jars, and fill with boiling water. Put the cover on lightly and set on a rest, such as small blocks of wood, pieces of thick paper or the corn husks, in a pan of cold water. Let boil from two to three hours. Remove the can, fill to overflowing with boiling water and seal tightly.

Canned String Beans.--Select medium sized beans and string. Pack in a sterilized jar, fill to overflowing with a brine and seal tightly. This brine may be made in two ways: First, by mixing cold water and salt; second, by mixing salt and boiling water and then letting it cool before pouring over the beans. This method is best as the salt dissolves more readily in boiling water than in cold water. One part salt to two parts water makes a strong brine. Keep in a cold place and freshen before using by letting the beans stand in cold water for an hour. In winter these beans make an acceptable substitute for fresh ones.

Canned Rhubarb.--Select medium stalks, skin and cut either into one-inch pieces, or eight-inch lengths. Pack in sterilized jars, fill to overflowing with cold water and seal. Rhubarb put up in this way has been known to keep for over a year, and is especially good for pies and sauce.

Steamed Strawberries.--Wash and hull the strawberries, and for every quart of strawberries use one cup of sugar. Pack the berries in a sterilized jar, cover with sugar and fill with boiling water. Cover the jar lightly, put in a pan of cold water, on a rest and let the water boil for about fifteen minutes. Remove, seal tightly, and keep in a cool place.

Canned Strawberries.--Wash and hull the berries. Make a syrup of sugar and water, using one cup of sugar to every three of water. Boil 10 minutes. Drop the berries in the boiling syrup and cook until soft. This will require only several minutes. Fill the jars to overflowing with fruit and syrup, then seal.

[822 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Canned Cherries.--Follow the method for strawberries. Cherries can be pitted or not, as desired. If pitted, add a few stones for flavor.

Canning Raspberries.--Use the same method as for strawberries. The large number of seeds in raspberries are objectionable, and the berries are more often made into jam than canned.

Canned Pears.--The pears should be ripe and of fine flavor. Wipe and pare the fruit. If the pears are large they may be cut in halves. Make a syrup of sugar and water, using one cup of sugar to one cup of water. Boil 10 minutes. Put in the pears, cook until soft. Fill sterilized jars and seal.

Canned Peaches.--Follow the directions for pears. Peaches may be canned by the steaming method by cutting them in two and removing the stones.

Strawberry Preserves.--Wash and hull the berries, then weigh. Make a syrup by boiling three-quarters of their weight in sugar with water, allowing one cup of water to each pound of sugar. Cook syrup 15 minutes, fill glass jars with the berries, add the syrup to overflow the jars. Let stand 15 minutes. By this time the fruit will have shrunk; add enough more fruit to fill the jar. Put on a cover; set on a rest in a pan of cold water, heat to the boiling point, and keep just below boiling for one hour. Raspberries may be done in the same way.

Raspberry and Currant Preserves.--

3 lbs. Currants. 3 lbs. Sugar. 4 qts. Raspberries.

Pick over, wash and drain the currants. Put into a preserving kettle and mash. Cook one hour and strain through cheesecloth. Return to the kettle, add the sugar, heat to the boiling point, cook 20 minutes. Add the raspberries and cook until soft. Fill jars to over-flowing and seal. If the seeds of the currants are not objectionable the mixture need not be strained.

JELLIES.--Fruits to be used in making jelly should be underripe, rather than over-ripe. Green fruit contains two substances, called "pectase" and "pectose" and, by the action of the sun in ripening, these substances change into pectin which makes fruit jelly. If the fruit is over-ripe the pectin breaks down into pectosic acid which has not the power of jellying; and as a result the fruit does not jell. If the fruit is a little under-ripe pectin is formed through cooking, and it is often advisable to add some green fruit to the ripe fruit in making jelly. Nearly all failures in jelly making are due either to over-ripe fruit or to the use of too much heat, because in both cases the pectin is lost.

To Prepare Glasses for Jelly.--Wash the glasses, put in a kettle of cold water, heat the water gradually to the boiling point, and boil for fifteen minutes. Remove the glasses and drain; place, while filling, on a cloth wrung out of hot water. If the glasses are wrapped in brown paper with the mouths uncovered they will not break.

[DOMESTIC SCIENCE 823]

To Cover Jelly Glasses.--First: with paraffin. Melt the paraffin over hot water and pour over the jelly when cold about one-fourth inch thick. Be sure to use hot water in melting the paraffin, as it is apt to explode if heated to too high a degree.

Second.--Cut two pieces of white paper, one just the size of the glass and the other larger; dip the first cover in brandy or alcohol and press down tightly over the jelly. White of egg or water may be used, but it is not so good. Then cover with the second paper, sealing edges with white of egg. A tin cover could be used in place of the last paper.

To Make a Jelly Bag.--Take a piece of flannel about three quarters of a yard long, fold the opposite corners together and sew in the shape of a cornucopia, rounding at the end; if the seam is felled it will be more secure. Bind the top with tape and finish with two or three heavy loops by which it may be hung.

Good Fruits for Making Jelly.--Crab apples, snow apples, early summer apples, grapes, currants, blackberries, raspberries, quinces, barberries are the fruits most commonly used for making jellies.

General Directions for Making Jelly.--Wash the fruit, remove the stems and imperfections. Cut large fruit into pieces. With fruit such as apples or quinces add enough water to cover them, but with watery fruits, such as grapes and currants, omit any water. Cook the fruit, until the juice flows, keeping it just below the boiling point. Remove from the fire and strain through a pointed bag, hung at some height. Allow all the juice possible to drip through before squeezing the bag and keep this juice by itself. Then squeeze the bag and use the juice thus obtained for second grade jelly, which, while it is not as clear as the first lot, can be used for jelly cakes, etc. Measure the juice, bring to the boiling point, boil slowly two or three minutes, then add an equal quantity of heated sugar. Boil until the jelly thickens when dropped upon a cold plate. Pour slowly into sterilized jelly glasses and set away to harden. The jelly bags should be sterilized before using.

Apple Jelly.--Wipe the apples, remove the stem and blossom ends and cut into quarters. Put into granite or, porcelain lined preserving kettle and add enough cold water to come nearly to the top of the apples. Cook slowly until the apples are soft. Mash and strain through a coarse sieve. Allow the juice to drip through a jelly bag. Boil slowly for about 20 minutes, add an equal quantity of heated sugar, cook for about five minutes or until the jelly will harden when dropped on a cold saucer. Pour into sterilized jelly glasses and seal when cold. If the apples are pared a very light colored jelly is obtained.

Crab Apple Jelly.--Follow the recipe for apple jelly and use red cheeked crab apples, if possible.

[824 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Quince Jelly.--Follow the recipe for apple jelly, substituting quinces for apples. Remove the seeds from the fruit. Sometimes apples and quinces are used in combination and make an excellent jelly.

Grape Jelly.--Pick over the grapes, wash and remove stems. Heat to the boiling point, mash and boil 30 minutes. Strain through a jelly bag, return the juice to the kettle and boil slowly for about five minutes. Add an equal quantity of heated sugar. Boil three minutes or until it hardens on a cold plate. Skim if necessary. Pour into sterilized jelly glasses; seal when cold. Be very sure the grapes are not over-ripe. It is very desirable to add a few green grapes. Wild grapes make excellent jelly to serve with game.

Barberry Jelly.--This is considered quite a delicacy, and is made the same as grape jelly, except that a very little water,--about one cup to one peck of berries--is sometimes added.

Currant Jelly.--Pick over the currants but do not remove the stems, wash and drain. Put into a preserving kettle and mash. Cook slowly for about 20 to 30 minutes. Strain through a coarse strainer and then through a jelly bag. Follow directions for grape jelly.

A combination of currants and raspberries makes a good jelly.

Raspberry Jelly.--Follow the directions for grape jelly. Raspberry jelly is hard to make and should not be tried if the fruit is not perfectly fresh or if it is at all over-ripe.

JAMS.--The pulp, seeds and skins are all retained in jams; often material that is left from jellies, and so on, can be used in this way by adding spices and nuts to give flavor. Sterilization and the exclusion of air are not quite so important in this class of preserving on account of the large amount of sugar used which takes away food from the bacteria. Equal amounts of sugar and fruits are used in making jams.

Raspberry Jam.--Pick over the raspberries, mash in a preserving kettle with a wooden masher. Heat slowly to the boiling point, and add an equal quantity of heated sugar. Cook slowly for about 45 minutes. Put into sterilized jars.

Strawberry Jam.--Wash and hull the berries. Add the sugar gradually so that the juice of the berries will dissolve it. Boil about 20 minutes, or until it will harden when dropped on a cold plate. Pour into sterilized glasses.

Grape Jam.--

8 Cups of Grapes. 4 Cups of Sugar.

Wash the grapes, remove the stems and squeeze the pulp from the skins into a preserving kettle. Put the skins on a granite plate and save them. Boil the pulp until the seeds separate easily, stirring constantly. Strain through a sieve, add the skins to the strained mixture, measure, return to the kettle, and add an equal amount of sugar. Boil gently for 15 minutes or until the jam is very thick. Pour into sterilized glasses and seal when cold. The mixture needs careful watching and stirring, as it will burn easily, especially after the sugar is added.

[DOMESTIC SCIENCE 825]

Rhubarb Conserve.--

2 lbs. rhubarb. 2 oranges. 3 lbs. sugar. 1 lb. shelled nuts. Juice of 3 Lemons.

Remove the leaves and pieces of root from the rhubarb and wash the stalks in cold water. Cut into one-inch pieces. Do not remove the skin unless it is fibrous. If the skin is removed do this before cutting in pieces. Wash the oranges and either grate the rind or cut the yellow into strips thin enough to be seen through. Wash the lemons and use only the juice. A little rind may be used, if desired, but it will take away from the orange flavor. The nuts need not be blanched, but should be broken into pieces of medium size. Any nut may be used, but walnuts are especially good. Mix all the materials, except the nuts, with the sugar. Cook slowly, stirring constantly, until the mixture is thick,--about three-quarters of an hour. After the first half hour's cooking, add the nuts. Pour into sterilized jelly glasses and seal when cold.

MARMALADES AND BUTTERS.--Marmalades and butters are really strained jams and the same rules hold true as for jams.

Apple Marmalade.--Pare and core the apples. Cook until tender with just enough water to keep from burning. Force through a fine sieve, return to the fire with a scant pound of sugar and the juice and rind of one lemon for each pound of pulp. Cook, stirring with a wooden spoon until the marmalade is thick when dropped on a cold saucer. Pour into sterilized glasses.

Peach Marmalade.--Follow the recipe for apple marmalade, adding spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.

Crab Apple Marmalade.--When making crab apple jelly, core the apples and after straining, use the pulp that is left to make marmalade. Various seasonings can he added. Among the best are cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, grated rind and juice of oranges and lemons. When seasoned according to taste, add sugar to the pulp, and cook until of the desired consistency. Seal in sterilized jars.

Rhubarb Marmalade.--

2 lbs. rhubarb. 3 lbs. sugar. Rind and pulp of 6 oranges.

Boil the ingredients together until thick. The rind of the orange may be grated and cooked by itself until tender before adding to the rest of the materials. Pour into sterilized glasses and seal.

Pineapple.--Pare and remove the eyes from pineapple, then grate. Weigh the pulp and heat two-thirds of its weight in sugar. Cook the pineapple in an uncovered dish for some time. Then add the juice of one lemon for each pound of fruit. Then add the sugar and boil until thick,--about five minutes. Pour into sterilized jelly glasses.

[826 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

PICKLES.--Under this heading are classified pickles and relishes, such as chili sauce, chow chows and catsups. Pickling is preserving in salt or acid liquor. Pickles do not contain much nutritive value, but add much to a meal in making it attractive. Cucumber pickles should never look as green when pickled as the fruit on the vine; if they do it is almost certain that some preservative has been used.

Sweet Pickled Pears or Peaches.--

1 peck peaches. 4 lbs. brown sugar. 1 quart vinegar. 2 ozs. stick cinnamon. Cloves.

Boil sugar, vinegar and cinnamon for 20 minutes. Dip peaches quickly in hot water and rub off fur with a towel. Stick each peach with three or four cloves, put into syrup and cook until soft. Cook only enough fruit at a time to fill one jar. Seal in sterilized jars. Pears may be prepared in the same way.

Chili Sauce.--

25 ripe tomatoes (medium sized). 1/2 cup brown sugar. 4 large white onions. 6 peppers. (chopped fine) 4 teaspoons of ginger. 4 teaspoons of allspice 1 teaspoons of cloves. 2 tablespoons of salt. 1 qt. vinegar.

Mix these materials and cook for one hour, stirring occasionally. The consistency should be quite thick and more than an hour's cooking may be necessary. Strain or not as desired, but if strained put back in the kettle and bring to the boiling point before scaling. Use tall wide necked bottles and fill to overflowing, using the same precautions as you would in canning fruit. The chili sauce is quite "hot," but this can be remedied by altering the number of peppers and onions. In preparing, the tomatoes should be washed; scalded and peeled. The peppers should be washed in cold water, the stems removed and the peppers chopped finely. Chop the onions finely in the same bowl as the peppers.

Olive Oil Pickles.--

8 qts. sliced cucumbers. 1 teaspoon cloves. 1 cup olive oil. 1 teaspoon allspice. 1 cup sugar. 1 teaspoon celery seed. 1 teaspoon mustard seed. 4 teaspoons cinnamon. One dozen onions.

Slice the cucumbers thin and let stand over night in a weak brine. In the morning drain, add the onions sliced thin. Mix the ingredients given. Put the cucumbers and onions in a crock, pour over the mixture and add enough vinegar to cover. Mix well.

[DOMESTIC SCIENCE 827]

Sweet Cucumber Pickles.--Select small cucumbers. Wash well but do not peel. Put into a crock one cup of salt and 4 quarts of cucumbers. Cover with boiling water and let stand over night. In the morning remove from the brine, put in a granite kettle, cover with vinegar to which has been added mustard seeds, whole cloves, stick cinnamon, two cups of sugar and other desired seasonings. Let it come to the boiling point, but not boil. Seal while hot.

Green Tomato Pickles.--Remove a thin slice from each end of the green tomatoes. Slice and sprinkle one peck of tomatoes with one cup of salt and let stand over night. Drain, boil 15 minutes in two quarts of boiling water and one quart of vinegar. Drain again. Cook for 10 minutes the following: one gallon of vinegar, 2 pounds or less of sugar, 1 red pepper, 10 teaspoon mustard seed, 3/4 cup cinnamon bark, and any other seasonings desired. Add the tomatoes and simmer for about one hour, stirring occasionally. The spices should be removed; this is easily accomplished if they are tied in a muslin bag. Pack in sterilized jars.

SOME HINTS ON CHAFING DISH COOKERY.

The Use of the Chafing Dish and Some Favorite Recipes.

Within recent years the chafing dish has become very familiar to us. It is, however, not a recent invention, for in the time of Louis XIV it was very commonly used. To the housekeeper who wishes to save herself and to serve her guests with food at its best, the chafing dish comes as an acceptable friend for use at the breakfast table in the preparation of eggs and dishes which should be served immediately. Toast can be served fresh and hot by using a toaster over the burner of a chafing dish. At luncheon a hot dish can easily take the place of the cold meat course if the chafing dish is at hand. However, the chief use of the chafing dish is in the preparation of late suppers, and is largely in use by those who have limited facilities for housekeeping, such as college girls. By those who entertain the chafing dish is looked upon as a true friend of hospitality.

Chafing dishes vary in price from the common ones made of tin which can be bought for about a dollar, to the more expensive ones made of silver. Various wares are utilized for the chafing dish. Among those most satisfactory are graniteware, earthenware, nickel, copper and aluminum.

[828 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

To get satisfactory results with the chafing dish you must have certain parts. There should be a pan to use for hot water, and it should be furnished with a handle. The cooking pan or blazer, as it is called, should have a handle also. Until one becomes an expert the hot water pan should be in constant use but later one need only use the hot water pan for keeping food warm. The burner should be carefully looked after and be in readiness. Alcohol, electricity and gas are all used as fuel, but denatured or wood alcohol is probably the most common of all. If care is taken in the use of alcohol there need be no danger. Fill the lamp with sufficient alcohol to cook the dish desired, and if necessary to refill during cooking shut off the flame and let the burner cool somewhat before replenishing with the alcohol. A large tray upon which to set the chafing dish prevents danger of fire and protects the table. Large forks and spoons, made especially for the chafing dish, can be obtained at a small price, but any table spoon and fork can be used. It is well to have a napkin and extra spoon and fork at hand if it is necessary to taste the preparation.

That a chafing dish supper may be a success, care should be taken on the part of the hostess to have everything in readiness. The table should be set with the required dishes, silver, etc., and all ingredients should be at hand for the preparation that is to be made on the chafing dish. Most chafing dishes will not supply portions for more than eight, so that a larger number should not be included at a chafing dish supper. Unless skilled in the use of a chafing dish, it is best not to prepare new dishes for guests. If one will observe some care and have everything in readiness, a chafing dish supper can be a very enjoyable source of entertainment for informal affairs.

To use the following recipes with success level measurements of all ingredients must be made--level teaspoon, level cup, etc.

SOME FAVORITE CHAFING DISH CONCOCTIONS.

Cream Sauce.--

2 tablespoons flour. 1/2 teaspoon salt. 2 tablespoons butter. 1/4 teaspoon pepper. 1 cup milk.

Melt the butter and stir in the flour and seasonings until smooth; add the scalded milk slowly, stirring constantly. Cook until of the right consistency. This makes a medium thick sauce, the thickness of which can be varied by increasing or diminishing the amount of flour. This is the foundation for a great number of chafing dish recipes, such as creamed dishes. A richer sauce may be made by substituting cream for milk and omitting most of the butter.

Creamed Chicken.--

1 cup cold flaked chicken. 1/2 teaspoon celery salt. 1 cup thin cream sauce. 1/4 teaspoon curry powder.

Prepare one cup of thin cream sauce and season with the celery salt and curry powder. Add the chicken and when heated through pour over slices of toast or into timbal cases. Garnish with parsley. Any desired seasonings can be used in place of the celery and curry.

[DOMESTIC SCIENCE 829]

Chicken a la Goldenrod.--

1 cup cold flaked chicken. 2 cups thin cream sauce. 6 hard cooked eggs. 1/2 cup mushrooms. Seasonings.

Cut the eggs in slices, putting two yolks through a potato ricer. Make a thin cream sauce, season as desired with celery seed or curry. Add the chicken and mushrooms, drained from their liquor. When hot, and just before serving, add the eggs. Pour the mixture over rounds of toast and over the top of each portion sprinkle some of the yolk which was forced through the potato ricer as a garnish. A bit of parsley improves the appearance.

Creamed Beef.--

1 cup shredded dried beef. 1 cup medium cream sauce. 4 hard cooked eggs, Seasonings as desired.

Prepare the cream sauce, add the beef and hard cooked eggs, cut into slices. When heated through pour over toast diamonds. Garnish with parsley and serve hot.

Cheese Fondue.-- 2 cups grated cheese. 2 tablespoons butter. 1 cup soft bread crumbs. 1/2 teaspoon salt. 1 cup cream or milk. 1 teaspoon dry mustard. 3 eggs. 1/2 teaspoon paprika. 6 slices buttered toast.

Melt the butter and add the seasonings. When hot add the cheese and the bread crumbs which have been soaked in the milk. When very hot add the egg yolks which have been well beaten. Mix thoroughly, then fold in the whites of eggs beaten stiff. Let cook several minutes over the hot water, then pour over the buttered toast.

Curried Toast.--

1 cup cream sauce. 1 teaspoon curry powder. 4 hard cooked eggs. 6 slices buttered toast.

Make a cream sauce using the curry as seasoning. Chop the eggs fine, add to the cream sauce and when hot pour over the toast. Garnish with parsley.

Eggs and Cream.--

6 eggs. 1 cup cream. 1/4 teaspoon salt. 1/8 teaspoon cayenne. 2 teaspoons Worcestershire Sauce. 1 tablespoon butter. 6 slices toast.

Put the cream and seasonings in a dish. When almost boiling drop in the eggs and put in the butter cut in bits. When the eggs are poached serve on the toast which has been dipped in melted butter. Garnish with parsley.

Creamed Oysters.--

1 qt. oysters. 4 tablespoons butter. 1 cup cream. 1/4 teaspoon salt. 1 teaspoon parsley, minced. 6 slices toast.

Remove the hard muscles from the oysters, scald and drain. Melt the butter, add the cream and seasonings. Cayenne, celery salt, Worcestershire sauce and onion juice are good seasonings. When this is hot add the oysters, cook two minutes and serve on the toast. The bread should be toasted on one side only. Sprinkle with the minced parsley.

[830 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Welsh Rarebit.--

1 tablespoon butter. 1/4 teaspoon mustard. 1 cup soft mild cheese. 1/4 teaspoon salt. 1 egg. Few grains cayenne. 1/2 cup ale or beer.

Cut the cheese into small pieces and beat the eggs slightly. Put the butter in the chafing dish, and when it is melted add the cheese and seasonings, stirring constantly. Add the ale slowly and when smooth the slightly beaten egg. Much of the success of a rarebit depends upon the cheese. It should be smooth and creamy, and never stringy. Cook over hot water. The rarebit may be served on toast or wafers.

Cream Welsh Rarebit.--

1 tablespoon butter. 1 cup soft mild cheese. 1/4 teaspoon salt. 1/4 teaspoon mustard. Few grains cayenne. 1/2 cup milk. 1 egg. 1/8 teaspoon soda.

Follow directions for welsh rarebit (above) adding the soda with the cheese and the milk in place of the ale. Curry powder and celery salt make good additions as seasoning.

Curry of Tomato.--

4 tomatoes. 1 tablespoon butter. 1 tablespoon flour. 2 teaspoons curry. 1/2 teaspoon onion juice. 1/2 teaspoon salt.

Select large, firm, fresh tomatoes. Peel and cut in slices. Melt the butter in the blazer. Add the tomatoes and cook for several minutes. Add the cream, flour and curry and seasonings. When hot serve on toast. Care must be taken or the acid in the tomato will curdle the cream.

Salted Almonds.--

1 cup almond meats. 1/2 cup olive oil.

Cover the almonds with boiling water. Remove the skins, then soak for several hours in strong salted water. Drain and dry. Put in enough olive oil to cover the bottom of the blazer. Put in the nuts and cook until brown. Drain on paper. A shorter method is to remove skins and dry the nuts, then cook in olive oil until brown, and while draining to sprinkle them with salt. Peanuts, pecans and walnuts can be prepared in the same way. Butter may be substituted for olive oil, if desired.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 830]

ONE HUNDRED CHOICE RECIPES on CANNING, PICKLING, PRESERVING, JELLIES, JAMS MARMALADES, RELISHES, CATSUPS, SPICES.

FOREIGN WORDS IN THE MENU.

In this list are many of the foreign words used on menu cards in hotels, with their translation:

Cafe--Coffee.

Demitasse--After-dinner cup of coffee.

Frappe--Semi or half-frozen.

Fricasse--Stew.

Fromage--Cheese.

Glace--Frozen.

Cafe au lait--Coffee with hot milk.

Neufchatel--A soft Swiss cheese.

Timbale--Pie crust baked in a mould.

Croutons--Bread toasted in squares, used for soup and in garnishing.

Bouillon--A clear broth, usually of beef.

Au Gratin--Dishes baked, prepared with cheese.

Menu--Bill of fare.

Puree--Ingredients rubbed through a sieve; usually the term given a thick strained soup.

Tutti Frutti--Various kinds of fruits (chopped fine).

Consomme--Clear soup.

Jus--Gravy or juice of meats.

[832 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

CANNING.

1. Apples and Quinces.--Pare and cut the apples and quinces, the same amount of each. Cook the quinces in enough water to cover them until tender. Remove these from the water and cook the apples in the same liquid. When these are done put in a jar or kettle a layer of quinces, then of apples until all are used. Pour over them a syrup made of a half pound of sugar to pound of quinces, dissolved in a little water and let it stand over night. The next day heat them thoroughly and seal in cans.

2. Apple Sauce.--Take as many apples as desired, pare them and cut in quarters. Put in a stew pan filled about two-thirds with water and cook until tender. Remove from the fire and beat up thoroughly, adding a teaspoonful of butter to a quart of apple sauce, half cup sugar and grate in a quarter of nutmeg. Serve with or without cream.

3. Apples to Can.--Cook the same as for apple sauce, leaving out all seasoning and sugar. Put in glass jars and seal. When these are opened in the winter, just add such seasoning as may be desired.

4. Apple Butter.--Five pounds of brown sugar, three gallons of cooked apples, one quart of cider vinegar. Boil this down to about two gallons and season with cinnamon.

5. Canned Pears.--Prepare a syrup of one pint of water and one cup sugar to one quart of fruit. Before doing this, have your pears all pared and ready for the syrup when done. As you pare each piece of fruit drop it into a dish of cold water. This will prevent the fruit from turning dark. When the syrup has come to a fast boil, put in the pears carefully and boil until they look clear and can be easily pierced with a fork, which will probably be about twenty minute. Then done place in glass jars.

6. Canned Pineapple.--Pare the pineapple and cut in slices about one-half inch thick. Be sure that all the eyes are cut out, as the fruit will spoil quickly if these remain in. Make a syrup of one pound of sugar to quart of water. When this syrup becomes thick enough, add the fruit and let boil about fifteen minutes. When done place in glass jars and seal while hot.

7. Canned Peaches.--Pare the peaches and cut in halves and lay in a dish of cold water until ready to put in the syrup. Make a syrup of one quart of hot water to a pound of sugar. Let this cook to a syrup, then add the fruit. Cook about eight minutes. Put in glass jars and seal while hot.

8. Brandy Peaches.--Drop the fruit into hot water. Let it remain there until the skin can be taken off easily. Make a very thin syrup and cover the peaches, after skin has been removed. Boil in this thin syrup until the fruit can be pierced with a straw. While these are cooking make another syrup, very rich, into which put the fruit after it is done. Remove this from the fire and add an equal quantity of brandy while the syrup is still hot.

9. Canned Plums.--Wash the fruit well in cold water, then add one pound of sugar to a pound of fruit and let boil ten minutes. When done put in glass jars and seal while hot.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 833]

10. Canned Strawberries.--Wash the berries thoroughly before removing the stems. Then weigh them, and to each pound of berries allow a half pound of sugar. Let these boil about ten minutes, and they are ready for the cans.

11. Canned Rhubarb.--Take rhubarb when it is young and tender, or even the later plant will do, cut into pieces about an inch long. Wash well and put in glass jars, into which has been poured a cupful of cold water. Fill the jar full of the rhubarb and then cover completely with water. Seal and put in a cool place. When opened in the winter time a few minutes' boiling with sugar added will make a delightful sauce.

12. Canning Corn.--The following is one of the safest and surest ways of canning sweet corn, without the use of acids or the necessity of putting up the corn with tomatoes, etc. Cut the corn from the cob and put in glass jars, pack down tightly and screw covers on loosely to allow the air to escape. Set the jars in a boiler and fill the boiler with cold water until it reaches the rim of the jars and let boil for four hours. Remove the cans and when sufficiently cool tighten the lids and set them away. A good plan is to place a board or some corn husks in the bottom of the boiler on which to set the jars to prevent them from cracking. Corn will keep as long as you want it if canned in this way.

13. Canned Grapes.--Take the grapes and wash them thoroughly. Have two dishes on the table. Put the seeds in one dish and the skins in the other. Boil the pulp until all the seeds come out easily, then put through a sieve. Add the skins, allowing one-half pound sugar to one pound of fruit. When done put either in glass jars or crocks, taking precaution to see that they are sealed tightly in either case.

TABLE FOR CANNING FRUIT. Time Quantity of sugar for boiling per quart. fruit. Apricots 2 teacupfuls 10 minutes Sour Apples 1-1/2 " 10 " Crab Apples 2 " 25 " Black Berries 1-1/2 " 6 " Gooseberries 2 " 8 " Raspberries 1 " 6 " Huckleberries 1 " 5 " Strawberries 2 " 8 " Cherries 1-1/2 " 5 " Currants 2 " 6 " Wild Grapes 2 " 10 " Sour Pears (whole) 2 " 30 " Bartlett Pears 1-1/2 " 20 " Peaches (in halves) 2 " 8 " Plums 2 " 10 " Peaches (whole) 1 " 15 " Pineapple (sliced) 1-1/2 " 15 " Quinces 3 " 30 " Rhubarb 3 " 10 " Tomatoes 0 " 20 "

[834 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

PICKLING.

1. Tip-Top Pickles.--Take one peck green tomatoes, one dozen large onions. Slice both of these in separate kettles, sprinkling salt between the tomatoes, then letting them stand two hours. Pour scalding water over the onions and let stand until wanted. After the tomatoes have stood the desired length of time squeeze the liquid off from them, also the onions and arrange in a crock in alternate layers, sprinkling celery seed between them (white and black mustard seed). Pour over this a quart of vinegar and a pint of sugar brought to a boil. This is ready for use when cold.

2. Chow-Chow.--Two quarts tomatoes, half dozen green peppers, one dozen cucumbers, two white onions, two heads cabbage. Chop these all fine and let stand over night, sprinkling a cup of salt on it. In the morning drain off the brine and season with one ounce tumeric, one tablespoon celery seed, half teaspoonful cayenne pepper, one ounce of the following spices, cinnamon, allspice, one ounce black pepper, one quarter ounce cloves, one cup brown sugar, vinegar enough to cover, then boil two hours.

3. Sweet Apple Pickle.--Pare the apples, leaving them whole, then take three pounds of sugar, two quarts of vinegar, one-half ounce each of cloves and cinnamon. Boil them in part of the vinegar and sugar until tender; then take them out, heat the remainder of the fluid and pour over them. Care should be taken not to boil the apples too long, as they will fall to pieces.

4. Sweet Tomato Pickles.--Peel and slice eight pounds of tomatoes, four and a half pounds of sugar, one pound of mace and cinnamon mixed, one quart of vinegar and one ounce cloves. Mix all together and boil one hour.

5. Standby Pickles.--Chop fine one gallon green tomatoes, twelve onions, slice fine two gallons of cabbage, one gallon vinegar, one pound brown sugar, half an ounce turmeric powder, one tablespoon black pepper, one ounce celery seed, one tablespoonful ground allspice, also ground cloves, white mustard, one quarter pound, and one gill salt. Boil all these together for two hours except spices, stirring well. When taken from the fire add the spices, put in air-tight jars. If this pickle is kept in a cool, dry place, you will find them in perfect condition at the end of the winter.

6. Pickled Peppers.--Select nice large peppers, cut off the stems and rind. Then put into strong hot brine, repeating this for three mornings, and then drain off and cover with hot vinegar. When wanted to use, take out of brine and stuff with creamed sweetbreads and mushrooms and serve on a lettuce leaf. This makes a very attractive and appetizing dish.

7. Piccalili.--One-half peck green onions, sliced, one peck green tomatoes, one cauliflower, one peck small cucumbers. Leave in salt water twenty-four hours; then put in a kettle with a handful of scraped horseradish, one ounce tumeric, one ounce cloves (whole), one-quarter pound whole pepper, one ounce cinnamon, one pound white mustard seed, one pound English mustard. Place in kettle in layers and cover with cold vinegar, boil fifteen minutes, stirring constantly.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 835]

8. Sweet Pickled Peaches.--Make a liquid of three pounds brown sugar, one pint strong cider vinegar, and small handful each of cinnamon and cloves and bring to a boil. Wash clean, but do not peel, several pounds of peaches. Put in as many peaches as the liquor will cover; cook until moderately soft and put into jars. Cook all alike, and pour liquid over them. These are delicious.

9. Chopped Pickles.--Chop and mix together one peck green tomatoes, two large heads of cabbage, three green peppers, one small cup salt, let stand over night and drain. Then cover with cider vinegar and boil until soft; drain again and mix with one tablespoon cloves, same amount of mustard, two pounds each of raisins and sugar, one-half cup grated horse-radish, three chopped onions, celery and salt to taste. Hot vinegar enough to make moist, can rather dry.

10. Pickled Onions.--Select small white onions, peel and boil them in equal portions of sweet milk and water for ten minutes, or until tender, drain and pour scalding spiced vinegar on them immediately. Never use allspice, as it darkens the onions.

11. Pickled Red Cabbage.--Choose purple red cabbage, slice into a colander, sprinkle each layer with salt, let it drain two days, then put into a jar, pour boiling vinegar enough to cover, put in a few slices of red beet-root. A few spices in bunches and thrown in after being salted, will look red and pretty.

12. Pickled Grapes.--Select grapes that are not quite ripe, but dark colored, pick from the stem and wash, put in glass jars; in a separate kettle make a syrup of sugar and vinegar and boil a few minutes, add spices to suit the taste; pour over grapes and seal jars.

13. Spiced Cherries.--Take nine pounds of fruit, one pint cider vinegar, four pounds sugar, one-half ounce cinnamon bark, one-half ounce whole cloves, let the syrup come to a boil before putting in the fruit; cook the fruit until the skin breaks, then take out the fruit and boil the syrup down until thick, pour over the fruit hot.

14. Beet Pickles.--Cook beets in hot water until tender. Then remove the skin and if the beets are large slice them, as you would for table use. Place these in a glass jar. Take a quart of cider vinegar, one cup granulated sugar, teaspoonful of salt, let this come to a boil, then pour over beets. If vinegar is very strong dilute about half. When these are opened in the winter, you will think you are eating fresh beets from the garden.

15. Pickled Cauliflower.--Choose good firm cauliflower, and full size. Cut away all the leaves and pare the stalks. Pull away the flowers in bunches. Steep in brine two days, then drain them, wipe dry and put in hot pickle.

[836 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

16. Pickled Cabbage.--The cabbage should be sliced and salted for two or three days, then placed before the fire for twenty-four hours, spread upon a dry cloth, after which they are put into a jar, and covered with spiced vinegar.

17. Cantelope Sweet Pickle.--Select melons not quite ripe, weighing about seven pounds in all, put them in a weak brine over night. Then boil in weak alum water until transparent. Take them out and place in a jar. Then take 1 quart cider vinegar, 2 ounces stick cinnamon, 1 ounce cloves, 3 pounds granulated sugar; let this boil, then add the cantelope, cooking it twenty minutes longer. Pour in a jar and close tight. Scald it over for two mornings.

18. Mother's Pickled Blackberries.--Take three quarts of blackberries, one quart of sugar, one quart vinegar. Put all together at the same time into your kettle and boil ten or fifteen minutes. No spices are required. After standing a few weeks they are very nice.

19. Pickled Brocoli.--Choose the whitest, closest and finest vegetables before they are quite ripe, pare off all green leaves and the outside of the stalks. Parboil them about five minutes in well-salted water. Then drain well and pull the branches in convenient sized pieces and put into a jar of pickle, prepared as follows: Heat vinegar to boiling point, add a little mace and whole red peppers, and pour hot over the brocoli.

20. Mixed Pickles.--One quart boiled beets, chopped fine, one quart raw cabbage chopped fine, two cups sugar, tablespoon of salt, one teaspoonful red pepper, one cup grated horse-radish. Cover with cold vinegar and keep from the air.

21. Mustard Pickles.--One quart small cucumbers, one quart large cucumbers, cut in pieces, one quart large tomatoes, two quarts small onions, three heads cauliflower, six red and six green peppers cut in strips. Put these in separate dishes and let stand over night. In the morning drain off and cook in separate dishes of clear water until nearly tender. Then put together and boil a short time in the following paste: One ounce pulverized tumeric seed, half pound ground mustard, two cups flour, seven cups sugar, one gallon vinegar. This is an excellent recipe.

22. Sweet Pickled Peaches.--Boil together four pounds sugar and one pint vinegar to twelve pounds of fruit. Add the fruit and let it come to a boil; the next day drain off the liquor and boil again; do this three times and your pickles are delicious; add cinnamon to the liquor and stick two or three cloves in each peach.

23. Sweet Pickled Prunes.--Soak four pounds prunes for two or three hours, then steam them ten or fifteen minutes. While the prunes are soaking, boil together for ten minutes two pounds sugar, one pint vinegar, one ounce each of cloves and cinnamon and one-fourth of an ounce of ginger. After the prunes have been strained, pour the hot vinegar over them and boil all together until the prunes are soft. These are delicious.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 837]

24. Celery Sauce that Mother Used to Make.--Take fifteen large ripe tomatoes, two red peppers, two onions, two and one-half cups vinegar, two stalks (arrowroot) celery, eight tablespoons sugar, two spoons salt; chop all fine and boil one and one-half hours.

25. Spiced Tomatoes.--Take red and yellow pear-shaped tomatoes; prick two or three times with a fork, sprinkle with salt, let stand over night, pack in a glass jar and cover with vinegar, prepared as follows, for a half-gallon jar: 1 pint vinegar, 1 teaspoon ground cloves, 1 teaspoonful ground cinnamon, 1 teaspoonful ground allspice, 1 teaspoonful pepper, 1 tablespoon sugar. Let this come to a boil and pour over the tomatoes; after they get cold tie strong paper over them.

26. Ripe Cucumber Pickles.--Take twelve large cucumbers and remove the pulp. Cut them in strips about two inches wide and four inches long. Let these stand while you boil for a few minutes the following: 2 pounds sugar, 1 ounce cinnamon, 1/2 ounce cloves, 1 pint vinegar. Be sure and skim this while it is boiling, then put in the cucumbers, letting them cook until tender. Take the cucumbers out and let the liquor boil for fifteen minutes. Pour this over the cucumbers and cover tight.

27. Green Tomato Pickles.--Chop a peck of green tomatoes and stir in half a cupful of salt. Let these drain over night. Then add 3 green peppers, chopped, 1 teacup of grated horseradish, 2 quarts of vinegar, 1 teacupful of sugar. Let this all boil, stirring occasionally, gently, until the tomatoes are tender, then add a large spoonful of cinnamon and cloves. These are very good and easily kept.

28. Pickled Tomatoes.--Select tomatoes that are thoroughly ripe, and let them lie in strong salt and water for four days; then put them down in layers in jars, mixing with them small onions and pieces of horseradish; then pour on vinegar, cold, after having spiced it. Be sure and use plenty of spices, cover carefully and let stand for a month before using.

29. Green Tomato Sauce, for Meats or Fish.--Slice two gallons of green tomatoes without peeling; slice one dozen good sized onions; one quart of sugar, two quarts vinegar, two tablespoons each of salt, ground mustard, and ground black pepper, one tablespoonful of cloves and allspice. Mix all together and stew until tender, stirring frequently to prevent scorching. Put up in small glass jars.

30. Chili Sauce.--One peck ripe tomatoes, one pint vinegar, one cup sugar, two red peppers, three sweet peppers, six large onions, one tablespoon each of cinnamon, pepper and salt. Chop the onions and peppers fine. Boil for two hours.

31. Tomato Relish.--One peck good ripe tomatoes, chop and drain, 3 large onions, a peppers, red or green, 3 heads celery, chopped fine, 3/4 cup salt, 2 pounds brown sugar, 2 oz. white mustard seed, 1 oz. cinnamon, a pints vinegar. After the tomatoes have drained thoroughly, mix in the balance of the recipe. Do not cook; keep in a jar. This relish cannot be beaten. Everyone will like it.

[838 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

32. Tomato Catsup No. 1.--Take one gallon ripe tomatoes, peel them, one teaspoon allspice, one tablespoon mustard, one red pepper; let all boil, then strain and to this add one tablespoon salt, one teaspoon ground pepper, one teacup vinegar, two pounds granulated sugar. Let all of this boil until reasonably thick, or as thick as desired.

33. Aunt Mary's Catsup.--One cup onions, one peck ripe tomatoes (chopped), one and one-half cups celery, one cup horseradish (grated), one cup sugar, half cup salt, one cup white mustard seed, two red peppers, one teaspoon each of black pepper, ground cloves, mace, cinnamon and celery seed, one quart vinegar. Drain tomatoes thoroughly, before adding spices. Keep this in stone jars and tie closely and it will keep nicely for a year or more.

34. Gooseberry Catsup.--To one pound of gooseberries, use three-fourths pound sugar and spices to taste. One pint of vinegar to ten pounds of the fruit. Boil two hours. This is delicious.

35. Spiced Vinegar for Pickles.--(This can be used generally for pickles.) 1 gallon of vinegar, 1 pound of sugar, 2 tablespoonfuls of allspice, 2 tablespoonfuls mustard seed, 2 tablespoonfuls celery seed, 2 tablespoonfuls salt, 1 tablespoonful of tumeric powder, 1 tablespoonful of black pepper, 1 tablespoonful mace, 2 nutmegs, grated, 3 onions, 1 handful grated horseradish. This can always be relied upon as good.

36. Tomato Catsup No. 2.--1 gallon tomatoes (strained), 6 tablespoons salt, three tablespoons black pepper, 1 tablespoon cloves, 2 tablespoons cinnamon, 2 tablespoons allspice, 10 pints vinegar, boil down to half. One peck tomatoes will make one gallon strained.

37. Bottled Pickles.--Wash the pickles and pour boiling water over them, letting them stand for four hours; to every gallon of vinegar take 1 teacup of sugar, 1 teacup of salt, 1 teaspoonful of pulverized alum, one ounce of cinnamon bark, 1/4 of an ounce of whole cloves. Boil spice and vinegar and pour over the pickles. Seal while hot.

38. Sliced Cucumbers.--Peel and slice one gallon of cucumbers and soak them over night in weak salt water. Drain and put them in weak vinegar on the stove and let them get hot; drain and pack in glass jars. Then bring to a boil, one quart vinegar, a few slices of onions, sugar and spices to taste. Then pour this over the cucumbers, while hot, and seal.

39. Grandmother's Dill Pickles.--Fill a stone jar with alternate layers of grape leaves, fresh cucumbers, dill and salt. Cover with water and an inverted plate; place a brick on the plate to keep all under water. The cucumbers will be ready for use in about two weeks.

40. Mustard Pickles.--Wash the pickles and put in fruit jars, then cover with the following dressing, do not cook the pickles or dressing: 1 cup salt, 2 cups dark brown sugar, 1 cup Colman's mustard, 1 gallon vinegar, mix together and put over pickles.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 839]

41. Green Tomato Pickles.--One bushel tomatoes, slice and put in salt water over night. The next morning put tomatoes in kettle after draining them, with five pounds of brown sugar, 1/4 cup cloves, ten cents worth cinnamon stick, two quarts vinegar. Boil until the tomatoes are tender.

42. Oyster Catsup.--Squeeze through a sieve 1 pint of oysters with the juice, then add 1 pint of sherry or white wine and salt to taste. Flavor with garlic, celery, etc., if desired. Add two or three ounces of mixed spices. Simmer fifteen or twenty minutes, strain and bottle when cold.

43. Pepper Catsup.--Select about twenty-five red bell peppers without removing the seeds. Add 1 pint of vinegar and boil until tender, stirring constantly. Rub it all through a sieve. Set aside the juice. Pour over the pulp another pint of vinegar with two tablespoonfuls brown sugar, 2 or 3 ounces mixed spices. Stir altogether and boil down one-half. Strain through cheese-cloth and bottle when cold.

44. Grape Catsup.--Select grapes that are ripe, but not soft. Pick them over carefully and add to five pounds of grapes, half as much sugar (by weight), 1 pint vinegar, two or three ounces of mixed spices, and salt to taste. Boil until it thickens. Bottle when cold.

45. Pickled Cherries.--Select firm and medium ripe cherries. Fill a wide-mouthed glass bottle or jar with them, then add two tablespoons of salt, and fill the jars with cold vinegar. Seal and let stand six or eight weeks before using. These are very good.

46. Sweet Mixed Pickles.--For sweet mixed pickles, scrape and wash half a dozen young carrots, and parboil in salted water for three or four minutes, then drain and set aside to cool; meanwhile cut into strips. Then take six green tomatoes, three large white onions, one large red pepper, (taking out the seeds) three sour apples, one small cupful of tender string beans, and finally the carrots treated in the same manner; place all these ingredients together in the preserving kettle in which they are to be cooked, adding salt and a very little paprika and allow them to stand for twelve hours. When ready to cook drain off the water that will have formed, adding sufficient vinegar to well moisten, one cupful of sugar, a tablespoon olive oil and two teaspoonfuls of celery seed tied in a piece of muslin, for about five minutes. Remove from the fire and mix in quickly half a teaspoonful ground English mustard blended with a little vinegar; seal immediately in small well-closed jars.

47. Corn Relish.--One dozen ears of corn, one large cabbage, one large red pepper, chop all these up fine together, mix thoroughly and add one pound of brown sugar and one quart of vinegar, salt to suit taste. Let this all come to a boil.

[840 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

48. Mustard Pickles.--One hundred small cucumbers (if you get the larger ones cut them in two), one-half peck of the tiny white onions, large head of cauliflower, one pound brown sugar, 1-1/2 cups flour, 1/2 pound mustard, five cents worth of tumeric powder, one cup salt. The cucumbers are to be soaked in salt and water over night and drained in the morning, put in the vinegar and let come to a boil, then add your onions and cauliflower. Take the flour, mustard and tumeric powder, work to a cream with a little vinegar, then gradually stir into the boiling vinegar to thicken it. Boil this all about fifteen minutes. Watch every minute as this scorches very easily.

49. Spiced Currants.--Steam and wash the fruit carefully, and for every four pounds of currants take two pounds of brown sugar, one pint cider vinegar, one tablespoon each of ground cinnamon, cloves, mace, nutmeg and allspice. Put in the fruit and boil all together for a half hour. Fill into wide mouthed bottles, lay a paper wet with vinegar over the currants and tie up the mouth of the bottle with paper.

50. Spiced Grapes.--Five pounds of grapes, three pounds of granulated sugar, half pint of vinegar, two teaspoonfuls each of cinnamon, allspice and cloves. Pulp the grapes, boil skins until tender. Cook the pulp soft and strain through a sieve, add to skins. Put in spices, sugar and vinegar and boil thoroughly. Seal.

51. Ginger Pears.--Peel a dozen large pears which are not quite ripe and cut into long, thin strips. Add two-thirds as much sugar as you have fruit, the juice of a lemon, two-thirds cupful of water and a desertspoonful of ginger. Boil all together until the fruit is transparent, and serve as a relish.

52. Tomato Soye.--One peck of ripe tomatoes, one dozen large onions, three large red peppers, one gallon best vinegar, twenty-four tablespoonfuls brown sugar, twelve teaspoonfuls ground cinnamon, twelve teaspoonfuls of salt, six teaspoonfuls of ground ginger and six teaspoonfuls of ground cloves. Chop the tomatoes, onions and peppers fine and add the other ingredients. Let simmer for three hours.

53. Spanish Pickles.--One peck of green tomatoes, one dozen onions, sprinkle with salt and let stand over night and strain off the juice. Allow one pound of sugar, one-fourth pound whole white mustard seed, one ounce ground black pepper, one teaspoonful ginger and one of cinnamon. Mix dry. Put a layer of tomatoes and onions in a kettle and sprinkle with spices, then tomatoes and so on until all are used. Cover with vinegar and let boil two hours, after which pack in jars and set in cool place.

54. Chili Sauce.--Take five large onions, eight green peppers, and chop fine with thirty ripe tomatoes. Add five tablespoonfuls of brown sugar, three tablespoonfuls of salt and eight cupfuls of vinegar. Boil all together two and a half hours and bottle for use.

55. Green Tomato Pickles.--Half bushel green tomatoes, six large onions, six large peppers, one-fourth pound white mustard seed, and three tablespoonfuls celery seed. Chop all fine together, put in layers, one of tomatoes and onions and one of salt, using in all a half cupful of salt. Let stand over night. In the morning squeeze dry and put on to boil in two quarts of vinegar. Cook until tender, when nearly done, add one pound of sugar, put in cans and seal.

Green Beans Pickles.--"Green beans with the strings taken off and placed in a kettle, salted and cooked until tender, then place in jars, fill with good cider vinegar and seal tightly."

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 841]

PRESERVES.

1. Rhubarb Preserve.--1/4 lb. almond or walnut meats, chopped, 3 lbs. rhubarb, 3 lbs. sugar, rind and juice of 2 lemons, boil until thick. Serve with meats.

2. Preserved Pears.--Pare the fruit and drop into a bowl of cold water to preserve the color. When all are pared, put into a pan of clear, cold water, and boil until almost tender. Make a syrup of the water in which the pears were boiled, allowing one pound of sugar to each half pint of water. Drop the pears into the syrup and cook them slowly until they can be pierced with a silver fork. Put the fruit into hot jars and cover with boiling syrup. Seal.

3. Fig and Rhubarb Preserve.--Wash dry and cut up three pounds of figs and seven pounds of rhubarb, put them into a basin, add six pounds of sugar, one cupful of water, two heaping teaspoonfuls of ground ginger and the juice of two large lemons. Cover and leave for twelve hours. Boil for half an hour. Divide into jars and cover. This is an excellent preserve and keeps well.

4. Preserved Cherries.--Select large, rich, red cherries; stone and weigh them, adding three-fourths of a pound of sugar for each pound of fruit. After the stones have been taken out, allow them to stand in a stone jar over night; in the morning put them in a preserving kettle and cook until clear. Put in glass tumblers and cover the tops when cool with melted paraffin, before putting on covers.

5. Strawberry Preserves.--The fruit for this must be solid, and must be used as soon as they are gotten ready, and not sugared down. To one pound of sugar add one pound of fruit. Use just enough water to keep them from sticking, and put fruit, sugar and water all on at the same time, and let them cook twenty minutes. Then spread on flat dishes and set in sun for three or four days, and then put in glass jars. They will need no more heating or cooking. These are considered fine.

6. Lemon Butter.--Take two nice large lemons, grate the rind and use the juice, two eggs, two cups of sugar, small lump of butter. Boil ten minutes in double boiler.

[842 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

7. Apple Preserves.--Make a syrup of three-fourths pound of sugar to each pound of apples. Add a little lemon juice or sliced lemon; keep skimming this as it boils, and put in only a few apples at a time into the syrup, and boil until they are transparent; skim out and put in a jar. When the apples are done, boil the syrup down thick, then pour boiling hot over the apples and cover closely. Well flavored fruit, not easily broken, should be selected.

8. Apricot Preserves.--Pare the fruit very thin and stone it. Place the fruit in a porcelain or granite kettle, first a layer of fruit, then a layer of sugar, using pound for pound of sugar. Let this stand in the kettle for a day. The next day boil very gently until they are clear. Then place the fruit in a large pan or bowl and pour the liquor over them. The following day pour the liquor into a quart of codlin liquor, this being made by boiling and straining a pound of fine sugar with just enough water to make a syrup. Let the whole boil quickly until it will jelly. Put the fruit into it and bring to a boil, being careful to remove all the scum. Then put up in small jars.

9. Citron Preserves.--Select sound fruit, pare it and divide into quarters, (carefully take out the seeds) and cut in very small pieces, any shape you desire, and weigh it. To every pound of fruit allow a half pound of loaf sugar; put the citron on to cook until it is quite clear, then remove it from the kettle where it can drain, and pour out the water it was cooked in. Then put on the sugar you have weighed, with water enough to wet it through; let it boil until very clear, and before putting in the citron again add to the syrup two large lemons sliced, and a small piece of ginger root, to give it a fine flavor; then add the citron and let all cook together about fifteen minutes; fill the jars with citron and pour over the hot syrup, then seal up.

10. Citron and Quince Preserves.--Pare and cut the citron into inch pieces; boil hard in a medium strong alum water thirty minutes; drain and boil in fresh water till the color is changed and they are tender; wash the quinces carefully, pare, quarter, core and halve the quarters; boil the cores and parings in water to cover them, an hour and a half; remove them and add the prepared juice to the liquid; boil, and when they begin to be tender, add the citron and three-fourths of a pound of white sugar to every pound of the fruit. These are delicious.

11. Preserved Pears.--Have a pan of cold water ready to drop pears into after they are pared, halved and the cores removed. This will prevent them from turning black. Select smooth, sweet pears of a kind which will not break when cooked. Put a little over one quart of granulated sugar into your preserving kettle; add just water enough to moisten the sugar; when warm put into this two quarts of pears; let them cook very slowly several hours; when the syrup is thick put your fruit in jars.

12. Pineapple Preserves.--Pare and slice the pineapple. Then weigh the fruit and allow a pound of sugar to a pound of fruit; then put a layer of the slices in a jar and cover them with a layer of sugar; do this until the apples and sugar are used up; let them stand over night. The next morning take the apples out of the syrup, cook the syrup until it thickens, replace the apples and boil fifteen minutes; remove the pineapple from the syrup and let them cool, then put in jars and pour the syrup over them. A few pieces of ginger root boiled in the syrup will improve it.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 843]

13. Tomato Preserves.--Select small, pear-shaped tomatoes, not too ripe. Prick with a needle to prevent bursting, and put their weight in sugar over them. Let this stand over night, then pour off the juice into a preserving kettle and boil until it is a thick syrup, clarifying it with the white of an egg; add the tomatoes and boil until they look transparent. One lemon to a pound of fruit, sliced thin and cooked with the fruit, together with a piece of ginger root, will improve it.

14. Preserved Strawberries. No. 1.--Take a couple of quarts of berries at a time, remove the stems, and place in a colander. Pour water over them to cleanse them. Make a syrup of two pounds of white sugar and a half cup of water. Drop the berries into this and allow them to boil rapidly for twenty minutes, removing all scum that rises, but do not stir the fruit. Pour into tumblers, and when you are done cook your syrup and juice to a jelly and fill up your jelly glasses. Keep in a dry place.

15. Preserved Strawberries. No. 2.--To one pound of berries use three-fourths of a pound of sugar,--in layers (no water). Place in a kettle on the back of the stove until the sugar is dissolved into syrup; then let it come to a boil, stirring from the bottom. Spread on platters, not too thickly and set out in the hot sun till the syrup thickens--it may take two or three days. Keep in tumblers or bowls like jelly. Strawberries done in this way retain their color and flavor.

16. Spiced Currants.--Three pounds white sugar, five pounds ripe currants, one tablespoonful each of cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves and allspice. Boil currants one hour, then add sugar, spices and a half pint vinegar, boil a half hour longer.

17. Spiced Gooseberries.--Six quarts gooseberries, nine pounds sugar, cook one and a half hours, then add one pint vinegar, one tablespoonful each cloves, cinnamon and allspice. Boil a few minutes. When cold they should be like jam. Boil longer if not thick enough.

18. Tomato Preserves.--Peel the tomatoes and to each pound add a pound of sugar and let stand over night. Take the tomatoes out of the sugar and boil the syrup, removing the scum. Put the tomatoes in and boil gently twenty minutes; remove fruit again and boil until the syrup thickens. On cooling put the fruit into jars and pour the syrup over. The round yellow variety of tomato should be used and as soon as ripe.

[844 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

19. Preserved Pears.--Peel the fruit which should not be overripe, cut into halves, extract cores and throw at once into a dish of cold water. From the water put into jars, arranging the pieces as compactly as possible, cover with cold water and then drain off. Make a syrup of sugar and water, allowing a teacupful of sugar to a jar and fill the jars to the brim; put on the covers, without rubbers and place in a kettle of cold water over the fire. The water in the kettle should come to the neck of the jars. Note carefully when the water comes to a boil, and let it boil twenty minutes or more, according to ripeness of the fruit. Take the jars from the water, adjust the rubbers and screw on the tops tighter and tighter as the jars cool. A plated knife should be used in peeling the fruit as a steel one discolors the fruit.

20. Preserved Peaches.--Plunge the fruit into boiling water to make the skins come off easily, then throw into cold water. For three pounds of fruit use one pound of sugar and half a teacup of water. When the syrup boils put in the peaches, a few at a time, and cook until tender. Fill jars as for pears. The stones will add to the flavor.

21. Brandied Peaches.--Put the peaches in boiling water for a few minutes, when the skin will peel off easily. Make a syrup of half a pound of sugar and half a teacupful of water for each pound of peaches. Skim as the scum rises in boiling, then put in the peaches and boil them gently until tender, no longer. Take them out carefully and fill your cans or jars. Remove the syrup from the fire, and add to it half a pint of best brandy to every pound of peaches.

22. Preserved Quinces.--Pare and quarter, taking out cores and all hard parts. Boil in clear water until tender; spread out to dry. Allow a half pound of sugar and one-third cup water to a pound of fruit. When the syrup boils, put in the fruit, set back on stove and cook very slowly for an hour or more if not too tender, as the longer it cooks the brighter will be the color. Put in jars, the same as other fruit.

23. Preserved Grapes.--A delicious preserve can be made of California grapes. Cut each grape with a knife and extract the seeds; add sugar to the fruit, pound for pound; cook slowly for half an hour or longer until the syrup and pulp of the grape are perfectly clear and transparent.

24. Purple Plums Preserved.--A very fine preserve can be made from these plums, if you take equal weight of fruit and sugar. Take a clear stone jar and fill it with the fruit and sugar. First a layer of fine granulated sugar, then the plums and so on until the jar is filled. Cover them and set the jar in a kettle of water over the fire. Let them stand in the boiling water all day, filling up the kettle as the water boils away. If at any time they seem likely to ferment, repeat this process. Any housewife trying this recipe will be greatly pleased with the results.

25. Spiced Grapes.--Select five pounds of nice grapes, pulp them, and boil until tender. After the pulps are thoroughly cooked, strain through a sieve, then add to it three pounds of sugar, two teaspoonfuls of cinnamon and allspice, and half teaspoonful of cloves. Add enough vinegar and spices to suit the taste. Boil thoroughly and cool. This is very nice.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 845]

26. Spiced Peaches.--Take five pounds of peaches, wipe them thoroughly and boil until tender in one quart of vinegar and two pounds of brown sugar. When done remove them from the liquid, and add one ounce each of cinnamon, cloves and mace. Boil the liquid for some time after the spices have been added, then place the fruit in jars and pour this over them.

27. Pear Chips.--Ten pounds of pears sliced thin, seven pounds of sugar, four lemons boiled soft; press out the juice and pulp; chop the peel very fine. Boil the fruit and sugar together until soft, then add the lemon, a half pound green ginger root scraped and cut into small pieces. Let the above mixture boil until quite thick. This can be placed in jelly glasses, and will keep nicely. This is an excellent recipe.

JAMS AND JELLIES.

1. Crab Apple Jelly.--Select nice ripe apples, wash and cut out any imperfections; place on the stove and cover with water, cook slowly until soft enough to strain, then take them off and drain through a jelly bag. To every four pints of juice use three pints of sugar; heat the sugar very warm in the oven. Boil the juice fourteen minutes, stir in warm sugar, and boil altogether three to five minutes, then turn into moulds or jelly glasses.

2. Apple Jelly.--After you have selected nice tart, juicy apples of good flavor, pare them, core and quarter, then put them with the skins and cores, in a jar in a slow oven. When they are quite soft, strain all through a coarse muslin bag, pressing hard to extract all the flavor of the fruit. Put a pound of loaf sugar to every pint of juice and the juice of one lemon, and put the liquor over the fire in a preserving kettle. Boil steadily for twenty minutes or so, skimming occasionally. Boil the jelly glasses in hot water and fill them with the jelly while hot. This jelly will keep for an unlimited time if kept in a cool, dry place.

3. Currant Jelly.--The currants should be washed very thoroughly, but do not stem; put in a kettle, scald them but do not cook. Cool and strain; boil the juice alone for twenty minutes. Weigh the sugar, and to a pint of juice use a pound of sugar. Have the sugar in the oven browning lightly and heating thoroughly. When the juice has boiled twenty minutes stir in the sugar until it dissolves; then put into glasses and keep in a cool place.

4. Blackberry Jelly.--Cook the berries until tender, then strain the juice from them. Add an equal quantity of sugar. Boil hard for twenty minutes, then pour into moulds or jelly glasses.

5. Cranberry Jelly.--Take two pounds of sugar, granulated, one quart of water and three quarts of cranberries. Cook thoroughly, mashing all the berries fine, then put all through a fine sieve. Return the juice to the stove and cook fifteen minutes more; pour into glasses and seal when cool.

[846 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

6. Grape Jelly.--Select grapes that are partially ripe, as they make the prettiest jelly, and to every eight pounds of fruit take a large cupful of water; put them into a porcelain-lined kettle and boil until quite soft; strain through a cloth. Measure the juice, then measure and put away the same quantity of sugar. Let the juice boil half an hour, then add the sugar and let it boil five or ten minutes longer. All jellies to be good, should have nearly all the boiling done before the sugar is added.

7. Rhubarb and Apple Jelly.--Cut up your rhubarb and wash it; put on the fire without any water at all. Take good sour apples, pare and quarter and cook in a very little water. Strain the juice from both and put them on the stove to cook for fifteen minutes. Then add the heated sugar, using three-fourths as much sugar as juice. Boil hard for twenty minutes, turn into glasses and set in the sun, if possible, for half a day. Seal the next day.

8. Spiced Grape Jelly.--Take grapes half ripe, crush all the juice out well and strain. Take equal quantities of juice and sugar; to each quart of juice add one-half teaspoonful of cloves and one tablespoonful cinnamon. Cook very hard for twenty minutes, then remove from the stove and pour into glasses.

9. Rhubarb Jelly.--After the rhubarb has been thoroughly washed and cut up in small pieces, stew until tender in a preserving kettle. Strain through a jelly rag and flavor with extract of lemon. Put in enough to suit the taste. To each pint of juice add a pound of sugar; boil until it jellies on the skimmer, then remove and place in glasses. Keep in a cool place.

10. Orange Marmalade.--Cut the oranges in half; remove the pulp with a spoon, take one lemon to five oranges, preparing the same way. Then cut the shells of the oranges in two, scrape out the white lining and put the skins on to boil; weigh the pulp, take half as much sugar, and simmer together fifteen minutes. When the skins are transparent and tender, take up, putting several pieces together, cut it quickly into the narrowest possible strips. Mix these with pulp and sugar; cook until very thick. Put in glasses and then when cold, seal.

11. Blackberry Jam.--Take two quarts of blackberries, one quart fine cooked apples, two quarts of sugar, boil these all together for twenty minutes. This is very easily made and is very good.

12. Plum and Apple Jam.--After canning plums, there is often some left, not enough to fill a can; a very nice jam can be made of this by putting it through a sieve; and adding the same quantity of good apples, cooked. Sweeten to taste and put in a very little cinnamon and cloves. Cook an hour, then tie up in jars when cold.

13. Tomato Marmalade.--Pare and slice without wetting four pounds of unripe tomatoes, Give them a slow boil for several hours until a large portion of the water has evaporated; add for each pound of tomatoes three-quarters of a pound of sugar and two sliced lemons. Boil for one hour longer.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 847]

14. Raspberry Jams.--To three or four pounds of ripe red raspberries add an equal quantity of white sugar. Crush the whole well in a preserving kettle; add one pint of currant juice and boil gently until it jellies upon a cold plate; put into a small jar and cover with brandied paper. Tie over them a thick paper and keep in a dark, cool, dry place.

15. Strawberry Jam, with Red Currants.--Take four pounds of strawberries, one pint of red currant juice, and two pounds of sugar. Place in a porcelain kettle and boil the berries and currant juice first, then add the sugar and boil up again, skimming well. Put in jars, cover with paraffin and keep in a cool place.

16. Peach Jelly.--Cook peaches and add a few kernels; when done strain. To one pint of peach liquor add one lemon and one pound of sugar. Dry and heat the sugar in a separate pan and let the peach liquor boil twenty minutes. Then add the sugar and boil a few minutes longer. This is very nice.

17. Gooseberry Jam.--To one pound of pulped fruit, add three-fourths pound of sugar. Stew the berries in a little water, press through a coarse sieve or colander. Then place on the stove again and add sugar. Boil three-quarters of an hour, stirring constantly. Pour in jars or jelly glasses.

[348 MOTHERS' REMEDIES ]

CANDY MAKING

CONFECTIONERS' AND COMMON CANDY.

From the Following Recipes and Formulae, Hundreds and Even Thousands of Candies Can Be Made.

Candy Making at Home.--The proverbial "sweet-tooth" is a characteristic of the American people. Hundreds of tons of candy are annually consumed, and fortunes have been made in the business. The range of price is from ten cents to a dollar a pound, with some specially wrapped and boxed bon-bons exceeding the latter price, not because of intrinsic excellence, but because of the ornamental form in which they are presented. Cheap candies are adulterated and hence more or less detrimental to health. Good candies are not harmful, unless eaten to excess. Delicious candy may be made at home at much less cost, and some famous candies, like the "Mary Elizabeth" and others, had their beginnings in a home kitchen and grew into popular favor because of their known purity and uniform excellence. The cost of ten one-pound boxes of candies is estimated at $1.50 when materials are bought in small quantities; such candies, placed on sale at church fairs, bazars, etc., are sold at forty and fifty cents per box. Even at twenty-five cents a box there is a profit of ten cents on each box. Any girl can prepare bon-bons for a luncheon or a party at home, if she is willing to take the trouble,--which is, after all, a pleasure to many. She may save her own candy boxes and by getting a supply of paraffin paper, fill them again with candies quite as good as those they originally contained; or buy new boxes of the paper box manufacturers at two or three cents apiece. A box of home-made candy makes a nice Christmas or birthday gift.

Boiling the Sugar.--Confectioners recognize seven degrees in boiling sugar for candy, only four of which, however, are practically important. The first of these is the "thread" at about 215 degrees, by the sugar thermometer, when a short thin thread forms when thumb and forefinger are separated with a drop of syrup between them. This passes very quickly into a second stage, known as the large or long thread, when it can be drawn out to a considerably greater length without breaking. In a moment more it can be extended as far as the thumb and forefinger can be separated. The next stage is the "pearl," shown when the surface of the syrup is covered with bubbles, and is the stage at which much candy is made. The "blow" and "feather" come next; then the "ball" or fondant stage at 235 to 245 degrees; this is the third important stage. To discover when the boiling has progressed to this stage, drop a little of the syrup on to ice water, or dip the tips of the thumb and forefinger into ice water and then into the syrup and instantly into the ice water again with the syrup between. One can use a small stick in the same way. If the syrup can be rolled into a soft, but not sticky ball, it is in the soft ball stage; half a minute more of boiling will convert it into the "hard ball," if tested in the same manner. For fondant, the "soft ball" is chosen. The next is the "crack" or brittle stage, at about 300 degrees; when testing as above the syrup remains dry and hard on the fingers. This is the stage for candy that is to be pulled. At the caramel stage the syrup begins to brown, and must be quickly taken from the fire or it becomes "burnt sugar;" dropped in water it crackles and snaps.

[CANDY MAKING 849]

Making the Fondant.--Fondant ("foundation") is the basis of all French bon-bons, so-called. An endless number of varieties may be made from it in combination with other material. There are two ways of preparing it. The easiest and simplest way is to add to the white of an egg an equal bulk of cold water and a teaspoonful of vanilla; beat until it froths, then add, gradually, one pound or more, of confectioners' XXX sugar; if the egg is large, one and one-half pounds may be required. Ordinary sugar will not do. Add sugar until the mixture forms a stiff paste; work this with a spoon until it is very smooth, then put away in a cool place for at least twenty-four hours, letting it stand in an earthen dish, and cover with a doubled napkin wrung out of cold water.

French, or Boiled Fondant.--Put into a porcelain lined kettle a pint of the best granulated cane sugar, half a pint of cold water and a salt spoon of cream of tartar dissolved in warm water. Stir it till the sugar is dissolved and boil rapidly without stirring or moving the kettle. Without a sugar thermometer it is impossible to tell exactly how many minutes it should boil, but usually in about ten minutes a little of the syrup dropped into cold water will form a soft waxy ball between the moistened fingers. It should then be removed from the fire and put in a cool place until the hand can rest with comfort on the bottom of the kettle. If too hot, it will turn back to sugar; if too cold, it will not thicken properly. In either case it is not spoiled, try again; add boiling water, stir until dissolved, and repeat the boiling. A little experience makes one to seize "the psychological moment" when the syrup is in the right condition. When the syrup has cooled to the degree indicated above, begin to stir it, using a long-handled wooden spoon. It will turn milky at first, then thick and white, finally dry on the edge of the dish and get so stiff it is difficult to stir. Then take the mass out on a marble slab and knead as you would bread dough; if you have no marble slab you may work it in the hands.

[350 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Flavor and Color.--At this point add the flavoring. Make little holes in the fondant with the fingers and put in each a little of the flavoring, working it through the mass. The essential oils are better than extracts. Three or four drops of any of the oils will flavor a pound of fondant. Three cents worth would be sufficient for a number of pounds. The flavor should not be strong. About a teaspoonful of any extract will be sufficient. If it is desirable to have two or more flavors, divide the fondant into the required number of portions, and have an assistant take up the kneading of each. Work the fondant until it is creamy. The pure food laws discourage the use of colorings, and it is difficult for the amateur to procure them in economical quantities. Cochineal can always be had and provides any number of shades of pink. Spinach heated over steam, and the juice expressed, gives a pretty green which is perfectly harmless. Work into the fondant as you used the flavoring oil or extract. The above ingredients will make one pound of fondant, all the beginners should undertake at one time. It may be kept for some time by packing it in glass cans and sealing tightly. The fondant should "mellow" for at least twenty-four hours before being used, especially as centers for chocolate creams, etc.; and these in turn should stand as long before being dipped. It is also advisable to let the bon-bons stand a day at least before being wrapped and packed. Choose a dry, clear, quiet day to make fondant, and do not attempt to work with it in wet weather; it is very sensitive to atmospheric conditions.

Making the Bon-bons.--After the fondant has stood the required interval it is ready to make up. Here comes in play the ingenuity of the candy maker in the employment of various accessories. Candied cherries, candied violets and rose petals, angelica, dates, figs, hard jellies, raisins, white grapes, crystallized ginger, cocoanuts, marshmallows, nuts, all are employed, while chocolate is used in so many forms that it gives rise to an entire class of candies. When ready to make up the bon-bons, roll the fondant out evenly and cut in squares of equal size; shape these with the fingers. The hands must be frequently dipped into ice water and wiped dry, but never greased. Roll the fondant into a ball; while still in the hand, press into the top an English walnut meat, or whatever decoration is desired, and lay on paraffin paper to harden. Another class is made by using a nut meat, say a blanched almond or pecan meat, a raisin, etc., as center, and rolling the fondant round it. The ball may be rolled in beaten white of egg and then in coarse white sugar. By using various centers, and ornamenting the tops differently a great variety of bon-bons may be made; in fact, hundreds or even thousands can be worked out by changing the flavor, nuts, coloring, etc.

Chocolate Candies.--If the American girl had to be restricted to one class of candies, there would be little doubt she would profess a preference for those prepared with chocolate.

[CANDY MAKING 851]

Chocolate Creams.--To make chocolate creams, roll the fondant into balls of uniform size; let them stand on paraffin paper twenty-four hours or more. Also coat nut meats, raisins, candied cherries, etc., with fondant. In making a small quantity of chocolate dipped candies, get a small bowl that will fit into the top of the teakettle; into this cut half a pound of unsweetened chocolate and a lump of paraffin as large as a black walnut, and let them melt; when smooth and well mixed let cool a little, and then set on a hot soapstone. Have ready a colander and a long darning needle. Cover the bottom of the colander with paraffin paper, stick the point of the needle into the piece to be dipped, immerse in the melted chocolate, let it drip a moment, then push the eye of the needle through one of the holes in the colander, reach the other hand under and pull out the needle. There then remains no disfiguring hole in the bottom of the cream. When the colander is filled, lift the paper very, very carefully, and put in a cool place to harden. Unless the colander must be used again it is best to let the creams stand in it to harden. Nut meats, white grapes, candied cherries and the like, may be dipped in the melted chocolates and coated like the creams. If the chocolate gets too thick, thin it with a little olive oil or unsalted butter; not with water which will make it grain.

Chocolate Creams. No. 2.--Put two cups of granulated sugar into half a cup of sweet cream. Boil five minutes from the time it begins to boil hard. Set the pan into cold water and stir in the flavoring, a teaspoonful of vanilla, usually. Stir until the candy is so stiff that stirring is difficult; drop from a spoon on waxed paper; as it hardens, mould into balls, and dip in chocolate as above.

Chocolate Candy, Plain.--Melt a square of unsweetened chocolate and stir into plain fondant, flavoring generously with vanilla.

Chocolate Caramels.--Put together over the fire one cup of molasses and two teacupfuls of sugar. Add a quarter of a pound of grated chocolate and a piece of butter the size of an egg. Boil, without stirring, fifteen to twenty minutes; pour into flat buttered dishes to a depth of one-third of an inch, and when nearly cold cut into squares. Wrap each in a square of paraffin paper.

Chocolate Nut Caramels.--Boil together a cup of molasses, a cup of sugar and half a cup of sweet milk until a little hardens in cold water. Cut into it a piece of butter the size of an egg and add a cup of chopped nuts. Proceed as above.

Chocolate Fudge.--Put into a porcelain lined pan two cups of granulated sugar, four sections of unsweetened chocolate, grated, one cup of milk and two rounded tablespoonfuls of butter. Cook, stirring constantly, for twenty minutes. Dip out a little of the mixture, put on a cold plate, and if it is done it will form a soft pliable paste. Flavor generously with vanilla, beat hard for a few minutes, then turn into buttered pans and cut into squares while warm.

[852 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

CHOCOLATE CANDIES. Cocoanut Cream Bars.--Boil three pounds of granulated sugar, one cup of cold water and half a teaspoonful of cream of tartar until thick--or in the "ball" stage. Let cool slightly, then beat until creamy. Have ready a large cocoanut, grated; mix and stir well, then pour into shallow tins covered with buttered paper. When cold, cut into bars. Let stand a day or two before using.

Cocoanut Caramels.--Three pounds of granulated sugar, one cup of milk, a tablespoonful of butter and two teaspoonfuls of lemon extract. Put into a kettle, stir till dissolved; add one grated cocoanut and boil to the "pearl" stage. Pour into buttered pans, after it has cooled a little mark off into squares, and when cold break apart. Use when quite fresh.

Cocoanut Snow Balls.--Knead dessicated cocoanut into fondant; make into balls, and roll in grated cocoanut. Dessicated cocoanut may be used but is not as good as grated cocoanut.

MAPLE CANDIES. Maple Creams.--Beat thoroughly one cup of the best maple syrup and the while of one egg. With XXX confectioners' sugar, make it into a stiff fondant or paste. Use as the centers for bon-bons, or make into balls to be dipped into chocolate.

Maple Creams No. 2.--To two pounds of maple sugar add a cup of water and a quarter teaspoonful cream of tartar. Shave the sugar, and stir till dissolved. Boil without stirring to the soft ball stage; let stand in the kettle until cool, not cold; beat until creamy and pour into a shallow buttered pan.

Maple Balls.--Boil without stirring, two cups of shaved maple sugar and a cup of water. At the hard ball stage add a heaping tablespoonful of good butter. Beat till creamy. As soon as it can be handled form into balls and press the half of an English walnut or pecan on one side.

WAFERS.--To make wafers, boil without stirring two cups of granulated sugar, a half cup of water. When it will "spin a thread" set the kettle in cold water and beat till creamy. Flavor with peppermint, wintergreen, cinnamon, or any flavor you choose. Squeeze through a pastry tube upon paraffin paper in quantities that will spread to the size of a quarter dollar.

Chocolate Peppermint Wafers.--Take some of the fondant prepared as above, flavor rather strongly with peppermint and dip in sweet chocolate.

MOLASSES CANDIES.--Nothing pleases children more than a "candy pull." Turn them loose in the kitchen and let them make molasses taffy.

Molasses Taffy.--Boil a cup of good Porto Rico molasses, a cup of brown sugar and a piece of butter the size of an egg until a little will harden, in cold water. Cool on buttered plates, and as soon as it can be handled grease the fingers and pull till hard and light colored. To prevent boiling over, grease the edge of the pan or kettle in which it is boiled.

[CANDY MAKING 853]

Molasses Taffy No. 2.--Four cups of sugar, two of molasses, half a cup of vinegar. Boil till it hardens in cold water, then add a tablespoonful of soda dissolved in a little water. Pour into buttered dishes and pull when sufficiently cool to handle.

Butter Scotch.--One cup of each of sugar and molasses, half a cup of vinegar, one tablespoonful of butter and a quarter teaspoonful of soda.

Nougat.--Nuts intended for nougat should be blanched, skinned and dried. Melt in a porcelain lined vessel, one pound of fine white sugar with two tablespoonfuls of water, stirring continually with a wooden spoon. Heat the nuts in the oven, after chopping them, add to the syrup, and stir for five minutes. Remove from the fire and add a little grated lemon rind. Oil a flat pan; place it in a warm place on the range and pour the candy into it. When brown, turn out of the mould, cut in cubes and wrap in oiled paper.

Nut Bars.--Chop any kind of nutmeats you prefer, or a mixture of nuts, moderately fine. Butter a shallow pan and spread the nuts evenly over the bottom. Boil one pound of granulated sugar with half a cup of water and a pinch of cream of tartar till thick, but not too brittle. Pour over the nuts and set aside to cool. When it begins to harden mark into bars with a sharp knife. Let stand several days, when it becomes soft and delicious.

Nut Loaf.--Chop nutmeats into small pieces and work into fondant. Make into a roll, and after standing a day or two, cut into slices. Chopped dates, figs and raisins may be used in the same way.

Peanut Candy.--Carefully remove the shells and brown skins from roasted peanuts. Put them an inch thick in a buttered pan. Boil a pound of crushed loaf sugar with three gills of water and a salt spoon of cream of tartar (to prevent graining) dissolved in water, to the caramel stage. The instant the sugar reaches that point, shown by its beginning to brown, it must be removed from the fire and the pan set in cold water to check the boiling; then pour over the nuts.

Pop Corn Candy.--Boil two cups of sugar, two tablespoonfuls of butter and a cup of water until it threads. Stir in four quarts of nice popped corn, rejecting all hard kernels, take from the fire and stir till cool. Make into balls.

Popcorn Baskets.--Prepare the corn as above, instead of making into balls, butter the bottoms of tumblers and press the candy around them to form little baskets, in which ice cream may be served or which may be filled with candies.

Sour Drops.--Strain the juice of three or four large lemons into a bowl, and stir in powdered loaf sugar till it is quite thick. Put into a pan and let boil five minutes, stirring constantly. Drop from the end of a spoon upon writing paper, and when dry keep in tin cannisters. Tartaric acid is generally used by commercial candy makers, but is much more injurious to health.

[854 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Crystallized Fruits.--Other Candies.--Boil two cups of granulated sugar with two-thirds of a cup of water until it hardens in cold water, do not stir. When it is brittle without being sticky, it is ready to use. Dip the fruit to be candied, sections of oranges, white grapes, cherries, squares of pineapple, etc., into this, and lay on paraffin paper. Dip a second time after the first has hardened, to ensure a good coat. Use the same rule for the syrup to glace nuts.

Cream Dates.--Remove the stones from nice dates. Replace them with the roll of flavored fondant. Or roll a blanched almond in fondant and stuff the date with it.

Hoarhound Candy.--Boil the hoarhound in a little water till the strength is extracted. Make a sugar syrup, adding the hoarhound to it; let it boil up and stir against the sides of the pan until it thickens. Pour out on paraffin paper dusted with fine sugar, and cut into squares.

Marshmallows.--Dissolve over a slow fire eight ounces of best gum arabic in three gills of water. Boil one ounce of marshmallow roots in a little water for half an hour. Strain, and boil down. Put this and the gum arabic solution with half a pound of loaf sugar, let it cook slowly till it makes a paste that can be rolled between the fingers to the "soft ball" stage. Then add the beaten whites of two eggs; when well mixed pour in a pan which should be lined with white paper, with enough projecting over the sides so that as the mixture cools it can be lifted out and cut in cups with a sharp knife, then rolled in powdered sugar.

Marrons Glaces.--Remove the shells from a quart of large Italian or French chestnuts. Let stand fifteen minutes in boiling water. Drain; rub off the skin; cover again with boiling water and simmer gently half an hour or till tender, but not soft. Drain in a sieve. Boil together one cup of granulated sugar and one cup of water; add the nuts and simmer until they begin to look clear. Make another syrup of one pound of granulated sugar and one cup of water; boil till it will spin a thread, add a teaspoonful of lemon juice and set aside till it cools a little; then beat till it begins to turn white. Set in a basin of hot water, flavor with vanilla, and when melted to a syrup, dip each nut. When coated, lay on paraffin paper to dry. These sugared chestnuts are highly esteemed as a sweetmeat and are expensive to buy.

Stick Candy.--Three pounds of granulated sugar, two cups of water, one teaspoonful of cream of tartar dissolved in a little warm water. Stir over the fire till the sugar is dissolved; cover the kettle while the syrup is boiling and skim carefully a few drops. When it will harden in cold water, take from the fire and add the flavoring and coloring, then pour on well buttered plates. When cool, pull, and make into sticks or mark off into squares.

[CANDY MAKING 855]

School Girl's Delight.--Two cups of white sugar, three-fourths cup of golden color corn syrup and a quarter cup of water. Put into a granite sauce pan and boil till a little will crisp in cold water. Beat the whites of two eggs very stiff in a large bowl; pour the syrup very slowly into the bowl, beating the while, and beat and stir until it begins to harden. Then add one teaspoonful of vanilla, half a cup of chopped nutmeats, and five cents worth of dates, cut up with the scissors. Pour upon oiled paper in a flat pan and cut in squares. Those who eat this candy will ask to have it made again.

A Few Hints.--Many candy makers consider coffee A sugar, better than the granulated, as being purer. Choose a sugar that is dry, uniform in quality and with hard, sparkling crystals. Cane sugar is greatly to be preferred over beet sugar. When you can, let the sugar and water stand together for some time. The syrup may be stirred until it reaches the boiling point, but not afterward. Unless otherwise specified, cook over a hot fire. The syrup passes quickly from one degree to another and must be tested often and carefully. Cream of tartar must be dissolved in a little warm water before being put into the syrup. So also must soda. If you use nuts, be careful to remove every particle of shell and skin before putting them into the syrup. Almonds are blanched by letting them stand in boiling water for a few minutes and then nipping off the skins between the fingers. They should be warmed in the oven before being put into the syrup. Dessicated cocoanut should be steamed a few minutes before being used; put in a dish in a colander over boiling water. Use the fresh cocoanut if you can get it. Bonbons made of fondant are probably the easiest form of candy making for the amateur to attempt, and the most interesting on account of the variety possible through the use of other materials in combination.

[858 MOTHERS' REMEDIES ]

OVER THREE HUNDRED MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES

A GOLD MINE OF INFORMATION FOR PROGRESSIVE HOUSEWIVES

HOUSEKEEPERS' ALPHABET.

Apples.--Keep in a dry place, as cool as possible, without freezing.

Brooms.--Hang in the cellarway to keep soft and pliant.

Cranberries.--Keep under water in cellar; change water monthly.

Dish of hot water set in oven prevents cake from scorching.

Economize health, time, and means and you will never beg.

Flour.--Keep cool, dry and securely covered.

Glass.--Clean with a quart of water mixed with a tablespoonful of ammonia.

Herbs.--Gather when beginning to blossom; keep in paper sacks.

Ink Stains.--Wet with spirits of turpentine; after three hours, rub well.

Jars.--To prevent, coax husband to your will rather than order him.

Keep an account of all supplies with cost and date when purchased.

Love lightens labor.

Money.--Count carefully when you receive change.

Nutmegs.--Prick with a pin and if good oil will run out.

Orange and Lemon Peel.--Dry, pound and keep in corked bottles.

Parsnips.--Keep in ground until spring.

Quicksilver and white of an egg destroys bedbugs.

Rice.--Select the large, with a clear fresh look; old rice may have insects.

Sugar.--For family use, the granulated is the best.

Tea.--Equal parts Japan and green are as good as English breakfast.

Use a cement made of ashes, salt and water for cracks in stove.

Variety is the best culinary spice.

Watch your back yard for dirt and bones.

Xantippe was a scold. Don't imitate her.

Youth is best preserved by a cheerful temper.

Zinc lined sinks are better than wooden ones.

Regulate the clock by your husbands watch, and in all apportionment of time remember the Giver.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 857]

1. Charcoal to Prevent Rust.--Charcoal absorbs all dampness, for which reason it should be kept in boxes with silverware to prevent rust.

2. A Needle Holder.--A guest of ours kept all her needles in a bottle in which was a pinch or two of emery. She said that it keeps them always bright and free from rust, and she finds it much easier to pick out the needle she wants from the bottle than from a tray.

3. Care of a Scrubbing Brush.--Scrubbing brushes should never be put away with their bristles upward, for thus the water would soak into the wooden part and the bristles would soon become loose.

4. In Case of Sickness.--In our home, when hot cloths are needed wet ones are put in a steamer, and water kept boiling underneath. In this way the cloths are more easily handled and can be applied as hot as needed.

5. To Tighten Cane-Seated Chair Bottoms.--Cane-seated chair bottoms that have sagged may be made as tight as ever by washing them with hot water and leaving them to dry in the open air.

6. For Chilblains.--To relieve the chilblains bathe the feet in warm water at night, then rub them with castor oil. This method will cure very bad cases.

7. Paint, Smoked by Kerosene Lamps.--Paint that has been smoked by kerosene lamps may be cleaned with kerosene, which can afterward be rubbed off with a clean brush.

8. A Use for Sacks.--Save all salt and sugar sacks; wash and boil them and they can be put to various uses. Salt sacks are nice to strain jellies through; are also nice to bake veal or beef loaf in. Sugar sacks make nice dish-towels.

9. Soap With Stove Blacking.--Use a half bar of laundry soap, and one cake of blacking. Put in an old kettle with three quarts of water. Boil down until thick. This will last a year.

10. To Remove White Spots from Tables.--Wring cloths out of very hot water, lay them over spot and remove quickly. Repeat if necessary. When dry, rub the furniture with some of the good polish.

11. To Clean Mirrors.--To clean a French mirror which has grown dull, rub with a cloth soaked in alcohol; follow this by rubbing with a dry cloth. The dullness will vanish, and the mirror will look like new. This method is used for cut glass with excellent result.

12. To Whiten Linen.--If you want your table linen to last do not use bleaching preparations. Use only clean soap and soft water. If the water is not soft, add a little ammonia.

13. Velveteen for Polishing Cloths.--Old pieces of velveteen that have served their original purpose should be saved for polishing cloths. They will answer perfectly the purpose of chamois and save buying anything fresh. When soiled the cloths may be washed in soapy water and dried in the open air.

[858 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

14. For Clearing Vinegar.--Should your home-made vinegar refuse to settle, try this: To each gallon stir in a half pint of fresh milk and let stand undisturbed for twenty-four hours. The milk will form a curd at the bottom and all the dregs will settle with it, leaving the vinegar clear. Pour off very carefully.

15. Uses for Old Velvet.--A bit of velvet is a fine polisher for brass. It quickly removes the dust from woodwork, or shoes soiled from walking which do not need reblacking. For dusting a felt hat there is nothing better than a piece of chiffon velvet. It is also good to keep the bottom of a silk skirt free from the dirt. One housekeeper even uses a big piece of old velvet to rub her stove to a high polish after it has been blackened.

16. Removing Warts.--Warts can be removed permanently and safely by an application of a salve made by mixing common table salt into a yolk of an egg. Change the application daily, and within the week they will all drop out.

17. To Save Time by Sewing.--When sewing on plain garments, cut out several garments at a time, and save time by stitching all the straight seams, then doing all the basting, etc.

18. To Remove Stains from Blankets.--Stains on blankets and other woolen materials may be removed by using a mixture of equal parts of glycerin and a yolk of an egg. Spread it on the stain, let it stay for half an hour or more, then wash out.

19. Burn from Acid or Lye.--In case of a burn with carbolic acid or lye, the speedy application of sweet oil or olive oil will give almost instant relief.

20. To Wash Laces.--To wash delicate or tender laces put the lace in a fruit jar with shavings of some good soap, cover with warm water, let soak for awhile then shake, using if necessary several waters, then rinse in same manner, spread between pieces of muslin and roll up on a bottle or jar, and leave to dry. They will not be torn in this way and will look like new.

21. For Cut or Bruise.--Bind sugar and turpentine on the wound or bruise at once. The healing properties of this simple remedy cannot be surpassed.

22. Lemons; How to Obtain More Juice.--Lemons placed in a moderately hot oven, for a few minutes will yield a greater quantity of juice than if used in the ordinary way.

23. Whipping Cream.--If cream does not whip well, add to it the white of an egg, and the result will be very satisfactory.

24. To Clean Lamp Burners.--To remove the black gummy coating which sometimes comes on the brass parts of lamp burners, moisten the cloth with common household ammonia, rub it on sapolio, and apply it to the coated surface with the aid of a little elbow grease. A bright brassy surface will soon appear.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 859]

25. To Preserve Hot Water Bottle.--Fill with air, cork tightly, and hang in a cool dry place. This keeps the walls of the bottle from coming in contact with each other and prevents deterioration and decay.

26. Sweep Stairs with Paint Brush.--My mother uses a paint brush with long bristles for sweeping her stairs. With its use the work is more quickly and thoroughly done than by the old way, because the bristles reach every corner and crack as a cloth cannot do.

27. Washing Hair Brushes.--To wash hair brushes take a piece of washing soda, dissolve it in warm water, and stand the brush in it, taking care that the water covers only the bristles. It will almost instantly become clean and white. Place it in the air to dry, bristles downward, and it will be as firm as a new brush.

28. Loops on Towels.--Always have a loop on each end of the kitchen towel, where a roller is not used. Otherwise all the soil and the wear come on the lower end.

29. Changing Pillow Slips.--To change pillow slips without scattering the feathers all over the house, sew up the clean tick, all except a space of about twelve inches. Take the full pillow unopened and baste one side of the empty one to the full one. Then with a knife slit open the seam of the pillow, the twelve-inch space. Quickly baste the other sides together so they will not come apart easily. Then slowly push the feathers into the clean and empty tick, and when finished undo the basting and sew tightly. Soak the soiled ticks in cold water immediately to remove remaining feathers.

30. Use of Old Linen Collars.--Cut them up into narrow strips and use them for gas-lighting instead of using wax tapers. They make a steady flame and do not drip grease.

31. Discarded Toys.--My baby came in the other day hugging to his breast a toy tin goat. It was evidently one of the discarded playthings of a neighbor's child. On inquiry I found that the toy had been given to my boy, and he has taken so much pleasure in this castoff plaything that I have been saving his old toys and passing them on to other children of the neighborhood. I have discovered that in their baby hearts these are as good as new, because they have never played with them. It is nothing to them that they are not just out of the store.

32. To Clean Silver.--Try curdled milk for cleaning your silverware. Let the silver stand for several hours in the milk, and you will be surprised at the result.

33. Removing Stains.--Damp salt will remove egg stains from silver and tea stains from cups.

34. To Keep Free from Mould.--Jelly and jam can be kept entirely free from mould by pouring a thin layer of melted paraffin on top. This paraffin can be saved when the jelly is taken from the glass and used the next season so the cost is very small.

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35. Hanging Out Clothes.--The other day I came across a peculiar clothes bar. It was the same as any other, except that the crossbars had been removed, and for them ropes had been substituted. The owner told me she had had her husband fix it for her the previous winter when she was bothered with salt rheum. "I hang up all the baby's little things, fastening them with clothespins, right here in the house where it is warm," she explained. "Then it is but the work of a moment to take the whole thing out of doors, and there is no fishing around for the tiny things when my hands are so cold they feel as though they would drop off."

36. A Fine Cutting Board.--I measured the top of my kitchen cabinet, and had a piece of zinc cut to fit it, allowing an inch for turning over the edges. My husband tacked it on, and I can cut meat and bread or anything on it, without harming it in the least, besides using it as a moulding board.

37. Convenient Place for Stiletto.--It will be found a great convenience to have the stiletto tied to the embroidery hoop by a ribbon about a foot long, when that little instrument is necessary for the work in hand.

38. Cleaning Paint and Varnish.--Many housekeepers have been annoyed by finding their paint and varnish brushes dry and hard. To soften them, heat to the boiling water point some good cider vinegar, immerse your brushes and allow them to simmer in it for a few minutes, then wash out in strong soapsuds and your brushes will be soft and pliable.

39. How to Keep Cookies from Burning.--To keep cookies from burning on the bottom, turn the baking pan upside down and bake on the bottom of the pan.

40. Non-Sticking Cake Tins.--Cake layers will not stick in cooking if a little meal is scorched on the cake tins and rubbed off with paper.

41. To Clean Sieve.--Hold a sieve which has been used for straining oatmeal, tomatoes, fruit, etc., at once under the faucet, or shake it in enough water to cover it, then slap it, and it is easily cleaned; if it dries first it is almost impossible to get it clean even by more time and effort.

42. Washing Clothes.--After the clothes have been soaked a while to loosen the dirt, spread on washboard, soap, and then rub with a common scrub brush. The dirt comes out easier and with much less wear on the clothes. Even when the washing machine is used, this is a help for the wrist bands that are not quite clean.

43. Discoveries.--When old clothes, like worn-out aprons or waists or linings come to hand, and are absolutely good for nothing else, cut them into small pieces, say eight or twelve inches square, some larger, and put them into a bag or box easily accessible. Then when something is spilled over on stove or floor, or mess of any kind is made, use these bits for cleaning up and drop them into the fire.

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44. To Stretch Curtains.--Take curtains while wet and put on a curtain rod; also put a heavy rod as a weight on the lower hem. Hang one on curtain at a time at an open window and stretch the desired width.

45. Cleaning Windows in the Winter.--It is a hard task in the winter time to wash windows in the old way, but if it is very cold, windows can be cleaned by using "Bon Ami," The same is useful for cleaning bright pieces on stoves.

46. How to Kill Black Ants.--A request for information as to how to rid plants and trees of black ants, which was received at the Pennsylvania department of agriculture's division of zoology, elicited the following from Prof. H. A. Surface, State Zoologist. You can do this by finding the nesting places of the pests and making holes into the interior of them with a sharpened stick like a broom handle and pouring into each hole a half tea cup of carbon bisulphide. Fill the hole with earth and cover with a wet cloth or blanket to keep down the fumes and the ants will be destroyed at once. This is the best possible method for destroying ants of any kind.

47. Washing Windows.--It is better to wash windows on a cloudy day or when the sun is not shining directly on them. Before washing, dust them thoroughly inside and out, then wash the woodwork without touching the glass. For the glass use warm water, to which add a tablespoonful of kerosene to each pailful of water used. Dry with a cloth or chamois skin, wrung very dry; then polish with a soft cloth or soft old newspapers.

48. Home-made Soap Shaker.--A baking powder can with holes punctured in both cover and bottom, makes a fine soap shaker. Put all the small scraps of soap in this, and when you wash dishes, just put box and all in your dishpan and shake about. You will have a nice suds and no soap rubbing off on the dishes.

49. Cleaning Rugs.--When cleaning rugs first lay them out straight and brush with a stiff dry scrubbing brush. You will be surprised at the amount of dirt that is loosened and comes out in this way.

50. Clean Leather Furniture.--A good way to clean leather furniture is to add a little vinegar to some warm water and wash the leather, using a clean soft cloth. Wipe with a dry cloth. To restore the polish, mix two teaspoonfuls of turpentine with the whites of two eggs; beat a little and apply with a soft flannel cloth. Dry with another cloth and rub well.

51. Ironing Board, Conveniences for.--Try tacking a pocket on the under side of your ironing board to keep your holder, stand and sheet of sand paper in.

52. Clean Gilt Furniture.--Gilt furniture can be cleaned with sifted whiting made into a cream with alcohol. Cover a small space at a time and rub off before it hardens. To clean brass fixtures rub them with cut lemon and then wash off in hot water.

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53. For Tufted Furniture.--For tufted furniture use a bicycle pump to remove dust. Garments to be stored for the summer months should first be aired well on a bright breezy day. Brush thoroughly and shake free of dust. Do not leave clothing out in the air after three o'clock in the afternoon, as from that time until dark all sorts of insects are seeking their beds. A trunk or box that has been thoroughly cleaned and sunned and then lined with fresh newspapers will prove an ideal place in which to store winter clothing. Sprinkle each layer with cloves and tuck newspapers well around them, moths detest printer's ink.

54. Clean Linoleum.--To clean linoleum add one cupful of beeswax, shaved fine, to two cupfuls of turpentine and set on the back of the stove to melt. When cool it will be thick and ready for use. First thoroughly clean the linoleum and then apply the paste with a soft cloth. Rub in well, then polish with a dry cloth, preferably flannel. Linoleum treated in this manner will look like new.

55. For Broken Needles.--A receptacle for broken needles in her work basket would be a boon to any woman, and this one which I am about to describe is very easily made, takes up little space and is really very convenient, when one is busy sewing and dislikes to get up to take care of the dangerous bits of steel. Take a little two dram bottle (homeopathic style), crochet for it a snug covering made of embroidery silk or silkaline, crocheting it tightly and covering the bottle completely, using some bright color if desired. When you break a needle just slip the pieces right through the meshes of silk into the bottle; they will go in easily, but the holes will close up after them, retaining them in safety till the receptacle is full.

56. How to Carry House Key.--The pocketless woman often finds it troublesome to carry a key, especially the house key, when she goes out. If an old-fashioned split metal ring can be found, use it to connect the key to be carried to the circular end of a strong, sure acting safety pin, not necessarily of the largest size. If such a ring cannot be found, fasten pin and key together with a bit of fine wire, string or thread will be sure to break just at the wrong time. Then the pin may be fastened to the inside of the jacket or slipped inside of the shirtwaist band pinned to the undergarment, or attached to the skirtband and allowed to hang down outside.

57. A Sewing Room Hint.--Thread will not become knotted so often if the newly-cut end is put into the needle instead of the other end, which is already broken.

58. Convenient Addition to Kitchen.--One of the most highly-prized helps in our kitchen is a bird cage hook, one which can be hung on a nail, and thus easily changed from place to place. On this when placed over the sink, I hang macaroni, greens, etc., to drain; and when placed over the kitchen table, it is an ideal arrangement for holding the jelly bag.

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59. To Remove Candle Grease.--A simple way to remove candle grease is to scrape off all that will come off in that way, lay over the spot a piece of heavy brown wrapping paper (butcher's paper) and press with a very hot iron.

60. Using Silk on the Machine.--When sewing on the machine with silk, it often unwinds and twists around the spool spindle in a very trying manner. To avoid this make a hole in a small piece of felt and slip it on the spindle before the silk is put on.

61. A Shoe Cover.--When packing my trunk for a journey, I have found it to be a good scheme to use my stockings for shoe covers, this saves the added bulk of paper, and the shoes will be found less liable to muss up other things if protected by this clean and handy stocking covering. A stocking occupies practically no room when drawn over a shoe, and the two together will be found quite handy to tuck into chinks into which they alone can fall.

62. To Press Skirts.--An easy way to press skirts is to use a sheet of paper in place of a cloth; lay the folds, or plaits and in place of ironing over a wet cloth take a sheet of common magazine paper lay it on the goods and iron. This presses the skirt very well and keeps the shine off and will, I think, give more satisfaction than if pressed with a damp cloth or ironed on the wrong side.

63. How to Attach Holders to Kitchen Apron.--Pin two holders with long tape at each side of the apron when cooking. They are convenient for handling hot kettles or dishes.

64. To Pack Music.--An excellent place in which to pack away sheets of music that are not in constant use is a large box fitted with a hinged cover and upholstered in cretonne, after the manner of shirtwaist boxes so much in vogue. Such a box is kept in the hallway of a small flat, where room is at a premium. The music cabinet was full to overflowing and there was no closet shelf that could be utilized, as so often happens in an ordinary house. An unused shirtwaist box was suggested and has been found to answer every purpose, besides providing an extra seat when such a seat was desirable. The box seems to fit in as an article of furnishing and the reason for its being there would never be asked.

65. Pie Crust, How to Bake.--Bake empty pie crusts on the outside of the tin, instead of the inside, and they won't shrink.

66. Let the Poison Bottle Tinkle.--A wise house mother with half a dozen little folk needing all sorts of medicines and medical applications, has purchased in a toy shop a handful of little bells, and when a bottle containing poison is added to the medicine closet it is adorned with a bell tied around its neck with a narrow ribbon. No danger with the bottle thus equipped of taking by mistake, in the dark, the dangerous medicine. The moment the poison bottle is touched the little bell tinkles its warning.

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67. A New Night Lamp.--Mothers who have timid little ones will appreciate the new night lamp, the apparatus of which may be carried to the country in a trunk or handbag. This apparatus consists of a small wooden float through which passes a tiny wick. An ordinary china teacup is half filled with cottonseed oil, the little floating wick placed in this, and a match touched to the upright wick. While the sides of the cup prevent thc direct light of the flame being visible to the person in bed, a pleasant dim light is cast over the room.

68. Time Saved in Sewing.--In a family of small children there are a great many buttonholes to be made. A quick way to make them in the everyday underwear, is on the sewing machine. Sew back and forth, leaving a small space in the center, three or four times where the buttonhole is wanted, and cut in the space left, being careful not to cut the stitching. In making little dresses, or slips after the skirts are sewed up, attach the gatherer to the machine and gather the top and bottom of sleeves and skirt. In this way work is quickly done.

69. Stews and Hash, How to Make.--Stews and hash made of fresh meat or round steak instead of scraps, are delicious. When the steak is to be used without being ground, select only tender, young, pinkish pieces; otherwise it will be tough in spite of prolonged cooking.

70. Dusters.--Another good idea about dusters. Do not use anything that comes handy, but get squares of five-cent cheese cloth or silkoline, fold a neat hem, and whip it nicely around, then turn and go back the other way. These materials are the best one can use, as they do not leave lint behind. Always wash the dusters after the sweeping day. No one can do clean work with soiled tools; besides dusters ruin the hands.

71. Broom Bags.--Good material for a broom bag or cover is old gauze underwear. The goods takes up dust very readily, and is easily rinsed out; or a piece can be thrown away without waste.

72. To Settle Coffee.--An economical and satisfactory way to settle coffee is as follows: Beat one egg well with an egg beater and pour over one pound of freshly-ground coffee, mix very thoroughly and no trace of dampness then remains. The coffee may then be put away as usual, and when used it will be found as clear as amber.

73. Stocking Tops for Convenient Holders.--For soft, convenient holders use old stocking tops. Take two thicknesses, cut in squares, bind all around with some bias pieces left from calico dresses and sew a brass ring on one corner.

74. Hat Hangers.--It is often convenient to hang up hats, even "Sunday-go-to-meeting ones." To make sure that everyone will stay hung up, and not fall to the floor to be soiled or crushed under foot, sew a loop of narrow ribbon or elastic braid or even shoestring, to the middle of the lining, making the loop long enough so that it will reach to the edge of the hat crown when the loop is pulled out. This can be done and passed over hook or nail or peg, and the hat hung over it, and even if the hat gets a hard knock, it's a case of "sure on" every time.

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75. To Freshen Bread.--To freshen bread pour cold water all over the loaf, drain quickly, and place in the oven. When the outside is dry and hot remove the loaf and it can scarcely be detected from a new one.

76. Renewing Wringer Rollers.--A neighbor rejuvenated a worn-out wringer the other day by covering the rolls with white felt. She cut the felt so that it would just come together, not overlap anywhere, and caught the edges together with close stitches. It bids fair to last her as long again, and it is certain that just now the wringer does as good work as any new one.

77. To Prevent Cake Tins Sticking.--Flour the baking tins after greasing them. If the flour is shaken all over the grease, and the tins rapped, you will have no difficulty with sticky cakes which break when you try to get them out. Lard is just as good as butter, for it will not taste through the flour.

78. Substitute for Chopping Bowl.--When chopping mincemeat, tomatoes, or large quantities of other fruit, you will probably find that your chopping bowl is a good deal too small. Get a clean wooden box with a thick bottom, from your grocer and use it instead of your bowl. You will notice a great saving of time is effected.

79. Save the Gas.--Cut strips of asbestos paper an inch and a half wide and long enough to go around the burners of the gas range. Pin together to form a ring, slip over the burner, and all the heat will be concentrated where wanted. In this way the gas can be half turned off and the same results obtained.

80. To Prevent Pitchers Dripping.--Syrup or other liquids will not drip from a pitcher if a little butter or grease is rubbed on the edge and under the side of the lip.

81. Medicine Cupboard.--An array of ordinary medicine bottles is always unsightly, and a nuisance, too, on cleaning days. Have a tiny cupboard with tight closing door, or a well-fitted curtain, and there is gain in looks and convenience.

82. To Prevent Tablecloths from Blowing Off.--We had some pieces of brass chain, and found them splendid to run through the hems of the tablecovers when in use on the porch in summer. Such "loaded" covers do not blow off easily, consequently they save quite a bit of annoyance and laundering.

83. To Mark Poison Bottle.--When you purchase a bottle of poison run a brass-headed tack into the top of the cork. It serves as a marker, and children will be more cautious of the marked bottle. If the label comes off or is discolored, the marker remains as a warning that the bottle contains poison.

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84. To Remove White Spots Caused by Hot Dishes.--For polishing tables after hot dishes leave a white spot, take a cloth wet in alcohol, then have one wet in sweet oil. Do it quickly and spots will disappear at once.

85. Stains from Fly Paper, to Remove.--Almost anything that has come in contact with sticky fly paper can be thoroughly cleansed by sponging with kerosene. The odor will soon evaporate if the article is exposed to the air for a short time.

86. A Use for Ravelings.--In trimming a tablecloth to be hemmed or stitched, one very frequently has to cut off quite a piece of the linen. Ravelings from these pieces are invaluable for mending old cloths, and ought to be saved for that purpose,

87. How to Remove a Glass Stopper.--The obstinate glass stopper in a glass bottle will yield to a string of seaweed around the neck of the bottle. Friction, heat, slight outside expansion solve the problem.

88. To Prevent Starch from Boiling Over.--Add a small piece of butter the size of a walnut when the starch comes to a good boil. This not only gives a nice, smooth finish and makes the ironing easier, but it prevents the starch from boiling over.

89. To Hold Sheets in Place.--I worked out a little scheme which has saved me a lot of trouble and inconvenience, so I thought I would pass it on. The sheets and bed clothes are constantly pulling out at the foot, so one day I sewed three buttons on to my mattress with strong thread, and worked buttonholes in the hems of the sheets to correspond, and since then have not had trouble with their pulling up in the middle of the night.

90. Hints for Bathing the Baby.--It is a great advantage when bathing the baby to have all the towels heated before using, as they absorb the moisture much more readily and are very pleasant and soothing to the delicate skin. This is also excellent for bathing an invalid as it greatly hastens the work and lessens the danger of catching cold. It acts like a charm for the child who dreads a bath, this is usually a nervous child who does not like the feeling of the towel, on the wet surface of its skin; complains of feeling damp; and refuses to don its clothing when a less sensitive child would be perfectly comfortable.

91. A Satisfactory Shoe Polisher.--Not long since I ripped up a velvet covered hat, only to find the velvet impossible for further use in the millinery line. A threw it into the big waste basket that stands near my husband's shoe cleaning apparatus. He caught up the velvet in a hurry one day to take a spot off a shoe, and now has it laid away as a treasure in his shoe kit. He says it is the best polisher he ever had, and uses it on my fine shoes to his own entire satisfaction.

92. Tasty Way of Preparing Beef-tea.--Beef-tea will not prove so monotonous to an invalid if a different flavoring is used each day, as dove, bay leaf, or celery.

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93. To Preserve Silk Gloves.--If white or delicately tinted silk gloves are wrapped in blue paper, then in brown they will not discolor. The chloride of lime in white paper is injurious.

94. Red Ants to Destroy.--Dry sulphur, sprinkled about in cupboards or flour chests where small red ants frequent, will rid the place of the pests.

95. Kitchen Account Book.--I have found a kitchen account book is a very useful record. I have a small vestpocket note book hanging by a string and pencil near my kitchen range. A page or two is devoted to each month's use. The month and year are entered at the top of page. When groceries are purchased, the date, article and price are noted, and summed up at the end of each month. It makes a handy, permanent record, showing how long supplies last, the expense of one month compared with another, and the monthly average of each year.

96. A Brick Pincushion.--A brick pincushion was a dressmaker's ingenious way of making easy work of basting and sewing long seams. She took a common red brick, topped it with a flat oblong cushion size and shape of the brick, covering the whole neatly with a bright chintz cover. This standing on the edge of her cutting table was in constant use, and proved a great convenience.

97. Fruit Stains, to Remove from Hands.--When your hands become stained from paring fruit or vegetables, dip them in soap suds then rub thoroughly with coarse salt, and they will become smooth and white.

98. Eyelet Embroidery, Suggestions for.--For some time after I began doing "eyelet work" I wondered if there was not some way to fasten the thread after completing an eyelet. A friend of mine showed me a solution of my problem. It was to leave the last three loops loose enough so that I could pass the thread back through them after completing the eyelet. Then I carefully pulled each of these loops down and cut off the thread. This obviates the necessity of any knots that are so unsightly, and at the same time, the thread is firmly secured. 99. To Prevent Stockings from Wearing Out.--Paste pieces of velvet soft side up, into the heels of your shoes, bottom and back, and you will find your stockings darning reduced by a big per cent.

100. Needle Sharpener.--I know a woman who always keeps a small piece of whetstone in her machine drawer for sharpening needles when they become blunted. It is a great scheme, and saves a lot of needles, as I have proved to my own satisfaction.

101. Burned Kettles.--If you have had the misfortune to burn your kettle it may be made smooth and clean by filling it with ashes and water, leaving it for an hour or so, then washing with clear water.

102. Children's Petticoats.--When making washable petticoats for her small daughters, a mother whom I know attaches two skirts to one belt, which in turn is sewed to a little lace trimmed waist. The lower skirt is made of white cambric, and the top skirt is of swiss embroidery. This arrangement saves time in dressing the little ones and their upper and lower petticoats are always of the same length and set evenly.

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103. Systematic Housekeeping.--A friend of mine who has a six-room apartment delights in taking care of it in sections, one room a day. On each of the six days in the week one room is thoroughly cleaned and put in order. She plans, if possible, to add some little touch of adornment, a new rocker, or vase, or table cover, or pincushion. In this way there is always something new to notice and admire, and yet no new and startling changes and never any accumulation of hard work.

104. To Keep Grape Fruit After Cutting.--When half a grapefruit or melon is left from a meal, place it cut side down on a china or agate plate, so that no air can reach it, and the fruit will keep as though it had not been cut.

105. How to Freshen Nuts.--We had a lot of nuts that became too dry to be good, and were about to throw them away, when a friend told us of a very easy and practical way to freshen them. It was this: to let them stand over night in a solution of equal parts of milk and water, then dry them slowly in a moderate oven. They tasted so fresh and proved to be such an economy, that we thought the idea well worth passing along.

106. Measure the Eggs.--Try measuring the whites of eggs for angel food instead of counting them, for best results.

107. Kerosene Lamps.--A neighbor who has to use kerosene for lighting purposes told me the secret of her bright lights. After cleansing the lamps well and trimming the wick she fills the oil chamber, and drops into it a piece of camphor gum about as large as a marble. It is a very simple method of securing a splendid light.

108. Baking Help.--When creaming butter and sugar for cake or cookies, add two tablespoonfuls of boiling water, then deduct this amount from the other liquid used. Beat hard with a spoon, and the mixture will become a light creamy mass in one-third of the time it otherwise would take.

109. To Destroy Disagreeable Odors.--The cooking of onions, cabbage, or frying articles always leaves a disagreeable odor in our house. To get rid of this I place an old tin over a lighted burner and sprinkle some ground cinnamon on it. When the tin is very hot I carry it through the house on the dustpan, leaving behind me the pleasant pungent odor of the spice.

110. The Last Step.--A great many times last winter I had to go into the cellar to tend to the furnace when it was too light to light a lamp, and too dark to enable one to see easily. Almost every time I had to feel around to be sure that I was on the bottom step. One day my husband was doing some painting in the cellar and happened to think that a little white paint on that step would help. Now we wonder why we did not think of it before.

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111. Truth spoken with malicious intent is greater error than keeping of silence where wrong is meant.

112. Boiled Potatoes.--Boiled potatoes should be served as soon as they are cooled. To make them dryer, drain off the water quickly, shake them in a strong draught of air and do not put back the lid of the kettle.

113. To Prevent Ripping.--When hemming table cloths, sheets, etc., on the machine, try the following plan: Sew the hem as you always do, but when you come to the end, instead of leaving a long thread to tie it, to keep from ripping, simply lift the presser-foot, turn the goods around, place the presser-foot down again and sew back over the same seam again, and sew about half an inch more. It makes a neat finish and no danger of the hem ever fraying out.

114. To Mix Corn Bread.--To mix corn bread more easily warm the bowl that it is to be mixed in.

115. Mending Table Linen.--To mend table cloths and napkins, take the sewing machine, loosen the tension, lengthen the stitch, place embroidery rings over the place to be mended, and stitch back and forth closely. You have a neat darn, easily done. When laundered you can scarcely see it. Do the same with stockings.

116. Children's Toy.--Save all the empty spools, and when any dyeing is done in the household, drop the spools into the fluid for a few minutes, and they will make fine playthings for the children on a rainy day.

117. To Keep Coffee From Boiling Over.--To keep coffee from boiling over add a lump of butter about the size of a small marble.

118. Sour Milk Pancakes.--We are very fond of sour milk pancakes, and have often had to go without any in the winter when the weather was cold, just because the milk would not sour. I have learned to put a teaspoonful of vinegar in a pan of milk, that I wanted to use for the cakes the next morning, and find that it never fails me in making the milk sour. Placing the pan over the register for the night helps matters along.

119. When the Wooden Scrub Bucket Leaks.--When the wooden scrub bucket leaks pour sealing wax into the crevice and paint on the outside. This will make it last for a longer period.

120. Rust Spots on Clothes.--Many rust spots on clothes are caused by bits of soap adhering to the latter when they come in contact with the bluing water. The discovery has been of great help to me because I can now easily avoid having these unsightly marks. I merely cut the soap into small pieces, and tie them in a salt bag I keep for the purpose. With this treatment the soap dissolves just as quickly but does not come into direct contact with the clothes.

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121. Cleaning Stoves.--Before blacking my stove I rub soap on my hands, as if washing them, letting the soap dry on. When washing my hands after the work is done, the blacking and the soap come off together easily, leaving no stain on the hands.

122. Left-Over Peaches.--If there are not peaches enough left from an opened can to go around, mix them with orange pulp and a little sliced banana and the family will find them improved.

123. Substitute for Cream in Coffee.--For a substitute for cream in coffee put a pint of fresh milk into a double boiler and let it come to a boil, stirring often. Beat the yolk of one egg very light and pour it into the boiling milk and mix well.

124. Cooking cauliflower.--Soak cauliflower an hour before cooking. Put into boiling water to which a tablespoonful of salt is added. Boil from twenty to thirty minutes according to size of the head.

125. Uses for Child's Broom.--A child's broom should find place in the bath room. It can be kept in the clothes hamper, and will be useful in sweeping under the bath-tub.

126. Dish Cloths.--Dish cloths are often neglected. They should be kept scrupulously clean, and in order that they may be so they should be washed out carefully with soap, and well rinsed each time they have been used. After this has been done they may be hung in the air to dry. Some people, however, like to have a stone jar containing a solution of soda by the sink and to keep the dish cloths in it when not in use.

127. Watch for the wishes of the customers and not the hands of the clock, and some day you will have your boss's job.

128. We judge our neighbor as queer and eccentric, but with the same measure comes back his judgment of us.

129. Uses for Men's Worn Out Collars.--Men's collars when worn out, can be opened and bound together as a memorandum book which can be laundered each Monday.

130. Broiling Meat.--A little salt thrown on the coal flame will clear it for broiling meat.

131. Combinations of Cherries and Pineapple.--A combination of cherries and pineapple makes a most-delicious pie.

132. Crepe Paper for Dish Closet.--A pretty effect for the dish closet may be found in crepe paper. Some prefer white, but a tint harmonizing well with the china is pretty too. Have it to fall about three inches below the edge of the shelves and ruffle the edge of the paper by stretching it lightly between forefinger and thumb.

133. Boiling Rice.--One cook always puts a very little lemon juice in the water in which she boils the rice. She claims that it keeps the rice white and the grams whole and separate. It may be worth trying.

134. To Remove Grease from Silk.--Grease may be removed from silk and woolen clothes by the use of magnesia. Scrape a quantity upon the spot, cover with a brown paper and place a hot flat-iron over it. The heat of the iron acts upon the magnesia and when the iron and the paper are removed and the magnesia brushed off the spot will have disappeared.

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135. Hemstitching.--When hemstitching wears out, take serpentine braid and stitch it across twice on the sewing machine. This makes the hem look neat and last a long time.

136. Moths.--When moths get into dresser drawers, sweep them clean, expose the wood to the sunlight and with an atomizer spray turpentine where the pests are liable to be. A lighted match or sulphur candle will kill them.

137. To Remove Putty.--To remove putty, rub a red hot poker over it, and cut off the putty with a steel knife.

138. New Method for Sprinkling Clothes.--Turn the nozzle of the hose to a fine spray and sprinkle the clothes while they are on the line; a very quick and good method. All plain pieces may then be rolled up and laid in the basket as they are taken down, while starched articles need but a little further hand sprinkling on portions not exposed.

139. To Open Packages of Breakfast Food.--To open packages of breakfast food and keep boxes in a dust proof condition until empty, make an opening in the side of box close to top by forcing a tablespoon through cardboard and turn flap downwards. The flap will fit back snugly in place each time package is used.

140. Preparing Oranges for the Table.--In preparing oranges for the table take a sharp knife, cut the skin straight around, insert the handle of a spoon turned over flat to fit the orange and loosen shell by forcing spoon to within one-half inch of the end, around one side, then the other, after which cut the orange through the center, making two parts. Then turn the skin back in cup form, making a pretty decoration for the table and serving as handles. Always serve in halves.

141. To Make a Muddy Skirt Wash Easily.--To make a muddy skirt wash easily and look white, take sour milk and dilute with water; soak the skirt in it over night, then wash in the usual way; the skirt washes easier and looks white.

142. To Make Stained Water Bottles Clean.--To make stained water bottles clean and bright, put in salt and pour on vinegar, let stand a few minutes then shake. Rinse in clear water.

143. Sanitary Window Screen.--Try tacking cheese cloth on the pantry window screen frame. This admits air that is sifted free from smoke and soot, before it comes into the pantry.

144. Cheerfulness at Meals.--Cheer during the meals will do away with the need of digestive tablets. Make it a rule to come to the table smiling, and continue to smile, though the food does not suit you and everyone else is down on their luck. Your smile will prove contagious.

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145. Uses for Stale Bread.--Take stale biscuits and grind them with a food chopper; toast in oven to a delicate brown. Serve with plenty of sugar and cream. Makes fine breakfast food and saves the stale bread.

146. Washing Lemons.--Always wash lemons before grating them, not only to remove any foreign matter sticking to them, but in order to remove the tiny insect eggs so often seen on them in the disguise of black specks. They may be kept fresh indefinitely, if wiped perfectly dry and placed in a sealed top glass jar.

147. To Give Vinegar a Nice Flavor.--A small button of garlic in a quart of vinegar will give it a mysterious delicious flavor, and it will immensely improve salads or anything in which it is used.

148. If Mice are Gnawing Holes.--If mice are gnawing holes in the house, rub common laundry soap around the gnawed places, and you may depend on it they will cease labor in that district.

149. To Teach Darning.--If young girls are taught to darn on canvas, the method of weaving the stitches is easily explained and put into practise.

150. Bed Sheeting.--Sheeting should never be cut, but should be torn into lengths, usually two and a half yards for medium beds.

151. Browning Potatoes.--For some kinds of frying the griddle is better and has a less tendency to grease than the frying pan. Among the other things potato cakes browned on a hot greased griddle are especially crisp and delicious.

152. To Keep Bread from Souring.--You will find that light bread will not sour so quickly in summer if it is not covered when taken from the oven. This steam is unnatural and should be allowed to escape or it soaks into the bread, making it clammy and more liable to sour. Let the bread cool gradually then put a clean cloth in a large stone jar, place the bread in and cover with the cloth, before covering with the stone, or wooden lid. This keeps bread fresh and moist from one bake day to another.

153. Never Pour Scalding Water into Milk Vessels.--Never pour scalding water into milk vessels; it cooks the milk on the sides and bottom of the vessels making it more difficult to clean such articles. Rinse them first with cold water. This same rule applies to cleansing of catsup bottles.

154. The Water Pipes in the Kitchen.--The water pipes in the kitchen will not be so unattractive, if painted the color of the kitchen woodwork.

155. To Brush Fringe of a Doilie.--Do not use a comb for the fringe of doilies as it pulls out the fringe, but brush it with a nail brush.

156. Wash Suits.--Large buttons should be removed from wash suits before they are sent to the laundry.

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157. Sewing Machine Conveniences.--Always leave a piece of cloth under the presser foot of the sewing machine. This will save wear on the machine. Also it will absorb any drop of oil which might gather and spoil the first piece of fabric stitched, and will keep the needle from becoming blunted.

158. To Make a Ruffle Easily.--To make a ruffle easily, just above depth of the ruffle make a quarter inch tuck. Insert edge of ruffle under tuck, flatten down tuck over the ruffle edge and stitch on edge of tuck. If the ruffle is desired on very bottom of garment, make a quarter of an inch of tuck, leaving about half of an inch of goods underneath. Baste and stitch wrong side of ruffle to wrong side of half-inch piece, about quarter of an inch from edge. Turn back, making edge come under tuck. Flatten tuck and stitch on the edge. This will save all the trouble of bias bands, so dreaded by the dress-maker.

159. Greasing Cake Tins.--In making a cake, grease the tin with sweet lard rather than butter and sift a little dry flour over it.

160. Making Children's Petticoats.--When making children's petticoats gather the skirt to waistband before hemming the backs and then turn in with the hem, and when band gets too small and narrow across the back, all you have to do is rip out the hem and face back, and the gathers are already there properly placed; and no ripping skirt from band to adjust fullness is necessary.

161. After Cake is Removed from Oven.--A cake which has been removed from the oven should be placed on a wire stand on the stove and the steam allowed to thoroughly escape from it so as to obviate any chances of it becoming heavy.

162. When the Top Cannot be Removed from Fruit Cans.--When the top cannot be removed from a fruit can, if the lid is carefully pried at one point, so the gum can be caught, the rubber can easily be removed. It is not difficult to pull the band from beneath the metal cap.

163. Darning.--When darning must be done in the evening it is more easily done if a light colored darning ball be used.

164. In Pressing a Plaited Skirt.--In pressing a plaited skirt one will gain time and have more satisfactory results if the plaits are basted before the pressing is done. Clean the skirt and brush it on the inside. Next baste the seams, cover with a damp cloth and press on the right side with a medium warm iron. Dampen the cloth, when necessary and press until the cloth is dry.

165. Stitching Down a Seam.--After stitching down a seam, press with a hot iron, and if no seamboard is at hand, it is useful to know that a rolling pin, wrapped in a clean cloth, will answer this purpose equally as well.

166. The Color Meat Should be.--Meat should be red with the fat a clear white. The fat besides being white should be firm, and suety, and never moist. Good meat has very little smell. Bad meat shrinks considerably in boiling. Meat which is fresh and good does not loose an ounce of weight, but swells rather, when it is being boiled.

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167. Buying a New Oil Cloth.--When you are ready to buy a new oil cloth for your kitchen table, take your old one and cut it up for aprons. Have it cover the whole front of your skirt, and make a large bib on it, and you will find, when you are through doing a washing, that you will be as dry as you were before you began.

168. Galvanized Tub.--The popularity of the galvanized tub due to its weight and durability, is the cause of a great many people discarding the wringer on account of their inability to fasten it to the tub securely. If a piece of heavy cloth is hung across the tub where the wringer fastens to it, you will find that it will fasten and hold as securely as to the old-fashioned wooden tub.

169. To Remove Mildew.--Mildew, if not of too long standing, can be removed by the use of raw tomato and salt. Rub the stains with raw tomato, sprinkle thickly with salt and lay in the sun. It may be necessary to repeat the process two or three times.

170. Closed Cupboards in the Pantry.--If there are closed cupboards in the pantry use them for storing provisions kept in screw top jars. There should be brass hooks for hanging up all the articles that can be suspended from the walls.

171. Keeping a House Account.--There are fewer reckoning days if housekeepers pay cash. If they persist in running accounts for groceries and other staples they should have a book and see to it that the right price is put down the minute anything is bought.

172. Chestnuts as a Vegetable.--Chestnuts have considerable food value. The boiled and mashed pulp may be used as one would use meat or vegetable, even croquettes being made of it.

173. To Give Starch a Gloss.--A little sugar added to boiled starch will give a desirable gloss to the clothes when ironed.

174. Apples Cored for Baking.--Apples cored for baking are delicious filled with orange marmalade and a little butter and sugar.

175. Beating Eggs.--When heating eggs observe that there is no grease on the beater, as it will prevent the eggs from frothing.

176. If you judge as evil the actions of another, through the judging comes evil to you.

177. A Toy Saw.--A toy saw may be utilized many times in the kitchen for sawing meat bones which are too large.

178. If a White Dress Has Turned Yellow.--If last summer's white dress has turned yellow, put it in a stone jar, cover with buttermilk and let it stand a day and night. Then wash well and starch with blued starch. This is better to whiten goods than freezing, sunshine, or the use of borax.

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179. Scorched Food.--A practical cook says: When food has been scorched remove the pan from the fire and set into a pan of cold water. Lay a dish towel over the pan. The towel will absorb all the scorch taste sent up by the steam and the family need never know it was burned.

180. Mutton Chops to Make Tender.--Mutton chops can be made tender quite as much as lamb, if before they are boiled or fried they are allowed to simmer in just a little water on the back of the stove. This also makes the flavor more delicate.

181. Hollowing Out a Tomato.--For hollowing out a tomato, previous to stuffing, a pair of scissors enables a person to remove all the pulp without breaking the skin. They are equally useful for fruit salads as the fine skin which separates the sections of the grape fruit and oranges is easily clipped off.

182. The Easiest Way to Blacken a Stove.--The easiest way to blacken a stove is to use a flat paint brush about one and a half inches wide, and a tin or jar, large enough to receive the brush, to mix the blacking in. Apply the blacking to the stove as you would paint, and use a newspaper to polish with, which can be burned. In this way the hands do not come in contact with the blacking during the whole operation, and unsightly cloths and brushes, which soil the hands, are done away with.

183. Making Gravies.--For making gravies, thickening of roast gravies, it will be found useful to have browned flour on hand at all times, which can readily be kept in a mason jar or any covered vessel.

184. Kitchen Mittens.--Kitchen mittens can be bought in several thicknesses and sizes for various branches of housework. There are thick ones, with straps across the wrist to wear when polishing the ranges, then there are others to put on when scrubbing the sink or floors, and still thinner ones with chamois cloth inside to use for polishing silverware. These mittens are a great protection to the hands and finger-nails, and they really simplify the work to a great extent.

185. To Improve Baked Potatoes.--To improve baked potatoes let them stand in a pan of cold water for about an hour, then put them in the oven while wet. This seems to steam them and cook them much quicker.

186. Meat Shortcake.--Give your household a meat shortcake sometimes. Make the shortcake as you would for a fruit filling, a rather short biscuit dough, and put between the layers creamed chicken or creamed veal, and have it served with plenty of gravy.

187. Put a handful of coarse oatmeal in the water bottle and half fill with water. Let stand half an hour, then shake well and rinse. The bottle will look like new.

188. Making a Kitchen Apron.--In making a kitchen apron, provide it with an immense pocket in which can be carried a large dustcloth. Often one notices dusty places, on the furniture, windows or banisters while doing the morning work, and the dust-cloth is at hand. Again one has to pick up numerous little articles to throw into the waste basket and the pocket holds such articles until the waste basket is reached. It is equally handy for holding a few clothes pins, while hanging out the clothes; in fact the large pocket is recognized as something decidedly useful in the kitchen apron.

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189. To Make a Neat Buttonhole.--To make a neat buttonhole in thin white material that is likely to ravel when cut, take a piece of white soap and apply it to the back of the goods using enough to make a generous coat. Cut the buttonhole and work; you will find that the work is easily done and the buttonhole will not ravel.

190. To Mark Scallops.--To mark scallops place your thimble or spool just outside the circle line and mark around it with a pencil. In this way, any sized scallop can be made.

191. Delicate Fabrics to Clean.--Delicate fabrics can be cleaned perfectly by using gasoline with a teacupful of corn meal. The meal scours out all the spots. Place the meal in a dish, pour gasoline over it, then press and rub through the hands. Apply to soiled spots, rubbing carefully. Brush out with stiff brush.

192. When Using a Lap-Board.--While sewing a garment with the material lying on the lap-board, use glass top push pins to hold the goods on the board. One pin will oftentimes be sufficient. The pin is very sharp, and is easily thrust through the material into the board, and leaves a hole about the size of that made with a needle.

193. To Shape Cookies.--Cookies can be shaped with the bottom of a "star" tumbler. Flour the bottom of the glass and press it into the unbaked cookie until the indentions are imprinted upon the cake.

194. Have You Been Hoarding an Old Foulard Dress--One of that kind of dresses which you liked and hated to part with, but it went out of style. Get it out, clean it, rip it, and if there is not enough in it to make a scant shirt-waisted one-piece empire dress, make it into a pretty shirt-waist, with knife plaiting down the front.

195. To Wash Tarnished Brass.--Save the water in which the potatoes have been boiled, and use it to wash tarnished brass. It will come out as bright as new.

196. Sewing Lace.--When sewing two raw edges of fine lace together, like the tiny lace ruffles on lingerie blouses or dresses, do not fell it in the old-fashioned way, but place the two right sides together and bind the edge with the finest thread, making a buttonhole stitch along the edges. Put a stitch in each mesh, and you will have a neat lace seam which, when pressed, can scarcely be observed, and it will not fray.

197. Roasted Chestnuts.--Roasted chestnuts are said to be very delicious when salted the same as peanuts.

198. Mud Stains, to Remove.--Mud stains will disappear from cloth by the following method of cleansing: After brushing the dry mud away sponge the remaining stain with a weak solution of ammonia and water. This is absolutely safe to apply to black cloth. Colored goods, however, should be sponged with a solution of bicarbonate of soda as the latter does not affect coloring matter.

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199. Drop Table for Kitchen.--A woman can have a kitchen made in a very cramped quarter if she provides it with a small work table, and a drop leaf table attached to the wall. If the stationary table is covered on all sides with a curtain and furnished with an undershelf, it will hold as much as a cupboard. Two large shelves will be found very convenient, even though it will be necessary to mount a chair or stool to reach the kitchen articles. Usually extremely small kitchens are more convenient than large ones, in which many steps must be taken.

200. A Convenience for Ironing Day.--The laundress who knows how to take care of herself has a high stool with rungs for her feet, on which she may sit when she is ironing the light pieces. It will help reserve her strength for the next day's work.

201. Quickest Way to Core Apples.--One of the simplest and quickest ways to core apples for baking is to use an ordinary clothes pin.

202. To Remove Iron Rust.--Tartaric acid will remove almost any iron rust blemish from material and is excellent for removing yellow marks.

203. The Kitchen Apron.--The kitchen apron should cover the skirt and the front of the waist, though not necessarily the sleeves, as most house dresses are made with short sleeves.

204. Cookies, to Keep.--Cookies put in an earthen jar lined with clean cloth, while they are still hot, and kept covered closely, will be much more melting and crumbling than if they were allowed to cool in the air.

205. Discolored China Baking Dishes.--Discolored china baking dishes can be made as clean as when new by rubbing them with whiting.

206. Care of Drippings.--The care of drippings in the kitchen, with the price of food so high, should receive more attention. In cooking all meats, poultry, and in making soup the grease should be carefully skimmed off and saved. Render it out once a week and after a good boiling, strain through cheesecloth. When cool skim the fat off and use in place of lard,--except for pie and biscuit.

207. To Mend Rubber.--To mend rubber, use soft kid from an old glove and paste to the patch the gum of automobile paste. The leather adheres better to the gum than a gum patch.

208. Cleaning Black Woolen Clothing.--The following is a good recipe for cleaning black woolen clothing: Dissolve borax in water and saturate a sponge or cloth in the solution. Wash the greasy spots by rubbing vigorously, then rinse in clear water the same way and dry in the sun. This is especially good for cleaning men's coat collars.

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209. To Prevent Tinware Rusting.--To prevent tinware from rusting rub over with fresh lard and put in a hot oven for a few minutes before using it. If treated in this way it will never rust.

210. To Remove Machine Grease.--Cold water and a teaspoonful of ammonia and soap will remove machine grease when other means would not answer on account of the colors running.

211. To Keep Cheese From Drying.--Wring a cloth from vinegar and wrap several thicknesses around the cheese to keep it from moulding and drying.

212. Small Hand Churn.--A small hand churn makes home-made butter and cheese possible. It is no trouble whatever to make a pot of yellow butter, fresh and sweet, by the aid of one of these convenient little churns. After it is made it may be rolled into a delicate little pat and kept in an earthen jar made purposely for butter.

213. Larding a Piece of Meat.--Larding a piece of meat is a simple operation, and it is one which will greatly add to the juiciness of the dish. Cut a piece of salt pork into strips quarter of an inch thick and two or three inches long. Slip these into a larding needle and draw the needle through the meat, so either end of the pork will protrude beyond the meat.

214. To Make Vegetables Tender.--Cutting onions, turnips, and carrots across the fiber makes them more tender when cooked.

215. Clear black coffee diluted with water containing a little ammonia, will clean and restore black clothes.

216. To Make Linen Easier to Write on.--To make linen easier to write on when marking, dip the pieces you wish to mark into cold starch, rub over with hot iron and you will be able to write without the pen scratching.

217. To Air Pillows.--To air pillows, rip the corner of the ticking an inch or more. Insert a piece of rubber hose pipe a few inches long, first covering the exposed end of the tube with strong netting. Sew the ticking firmly to it and then hang all day on the line, in the air punching and shaking many times during the day. They will be light and fluffy besides being thoroughly aired and sweet and clean.

218. Uses for Pea-Pods.--Never throw away pea-pods; they give a delicious flavor to the puree for the next day.

219. To Remove the Skins of Tomatoes Quickly.--To remove the skins of tomatoes quickly, put them into a wire basket and sink it quickly into a kettle of hot water. Do not let the tomatoes stand in the water long enough to heat through, and plunge into cold water immediately from the hot. Another way is to rub the skins backward with the blunt edge of a knife. In this way the tomato does not need scalding, and according to epicures is more tasty.

220. Dyeing at Home.--In dyeing at home amateurs often make the mistake of putting the dyed article through the wringer, possibly to avoid staining the hands for one reason, or perhaps hoping to dry the garment more quickly. This however, should never be done, for the creases so formed are most obstinate and in fact, often only disappear with wear, despite all pressing. Dyed articles should be squeezed and hung out of doors to dry.

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221.--To Save Children's Shoes.--To save children's shoes wash them occasionally to remove the dirt and old polish, and soften them with oil. When any part of the sole becomes badly worn, it should be mended at once, for usually a shoe will wear out at one point more quickly than elsewhere, and by paying ten or fifteen cents to have that part mended it saves dollars in time. Gunmetal shoes are preferable for everyday wear, for such shoes are lusterless and can be cleaned with oils instead of polish, which is destructive to the best leather, even when sparingly used.

222. A Systematic Housewife.--It is a handy plan for the business woman or the housewife who has much domestic accounting to do to keep two calendars, one to tear off day by day, the other to refer back to past dates when necessary. The reference calendar which can be very small and inconspicuous should have its special hook on the desk or table.

223. To Keep Candles in Warm Weather.--Keep your candles in the ice box this warm weather. They will remain beautifully upright through a whole evening's use, if they are hardened first in this way.

224. Tea Towels.--Keep the tea towels in sight, then have them fresh, clean, and whole, and hang them on a long metal curtain pole, in a convenient place, say back of the sink. This is better than placing the towels on a nail against the wall as is usually done, and it permits them to dry out quickly.

225. A Spotless House.--A house that is spotless at the price of the family's peace or of the housekeeper's best self, is the worst sort of an investment. You, the woman, are of vastly more importance than your surroundings. If you feel yourself becoming a mere drudge, if your family is growing away from you mentally, if your nerves are weakening under a fetish of cleanliness, get time to read.

226. To Keep Flooring in Place.--Strips of moulding may be tacked around the edges of a room at the baseboard, so as to cover the edge of oilcloth or linoleum. This holds the floor covering in place and prevents dust from getting beneath it.

227. Light Colored Wall Paper.--Light colored wall paper may be cleaned by a careful rubbing with a very clean rubber of the kind which artists use. If the spot cleaned seems lighter than the surrounding color it may be toned down by a gentle rubbing with a clean chamois skin.

228. To Keep Canary Seed Away from Mice.--If there are any mice in the house, the best way to keep the canary from being robbed of its food is to empty the contents of a cardboard box of bird seed into a quart preserve jar and cover with a screw top.

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229. Convenient Scrub Bucket.--The most convenient scrub bucket is light, and is made of galvanized iron with a wide flaring top. The bucket is to be fitted with a wire soap tray on the outside, for often the soap is wasted while floating in the water if there is no convenient place to put it, while scrubbing. Holes can be punctured in the bucket and the wire tray fastened on with a heavy cord or a pliable wire,

230. Fruit Stains on Table Linen.--Fruit stains on table linen should be taken out before the cloth is put in the wash tub. Soap and water will set the stains.

231. Wicker Furniture.--Do not scrub your unpainted wicker furniture with soap and water, as it will turn it yellow and ruin its looks. Instead, try scrubbing it with a strong solution of salt water. If you have pieces that are so shabby that they must either be painted or thrown away, try the salt water treatment first. Scrub well and put in the sun and air and dry quickly.

232. Removing Dirt from Carpet.--Of all the ways to remove dirt from a carpet, the worst is by the use of the ordinary short brush which involves the housemaid's kneeling down in the dust.

233. How to Preserve the Household Broom.--The ordinary household broom will last twice as long, if care is taken of it, as it will if it is just used anyhow. When it is new, before using it, put it in a pail of hot water and let it remain there until the water is quite cold. Then thoroughly dry--in the sun if possible. Always clean it after sweeping, by dipping in water and shaking well before putting it away and occasionally give it a thorough washing in hot soda water.

234. A Good Furniture Polish.--A good furniture polish may be made of paraffin oil and turpentine. Kerosene too is very good, while crude oil may be used to darken wood that has not been varnished.

235. Delicious Salad.--Seeded raisins cut in pieces, broken nut meats, and a small part of celery in thin bits make up a delicious salad.

236. To Clean Light Rugs.--Rugs with white or very light ground may be cleaned by sprinkling with cornstarch, mixed with one-sixth its bulk of prepared chalk. Let the starch remain several hours and brush it out with a fine whiskbroom, then hang in the sun and heat well before putting down. This method is recommended for fine, silky rugs, as it injures neither tint nor texture and makes a beautifully clean surface.

237. To Light a Closet of Any Kind.--To light a closet of any kind, but especially a linen closet, the safest thing--next to electricity is a light clear glass lantern with wire guards outside the glass. Swing it by a light chain pulley, some little way in front of the shelves. Thus a touch sends it up or down, throwing the light wherever it may be needed.

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238. To Remove White Marks on Furniture.--A mixture composed of equal parts of turpentine and linseed oil will remove the white marks on furniture caused by water. Rub it on with a soft rag and wipe off with a perfectly clean duster.

239. If Your Paint Has Been Marred.--If your paint has been marred by careless scratching of matches, try rubbing it with the finest sand paper. Use a half lemon for removing match marks from paint.

240. To Remove Inkstains from Cotton.--To remove ink-stains from cotton material, place the stain over the steam and apply salt and lemon juice which will soon remove the ink.

241. To Clean Plaster-of-Paris.--To clean plaster-of-paris figures, cover with a thick coating of starch and water, let it dry on the surface and the dirt will brush off with the dry powder.

242. To Clean Piano Keys.--A cloth moistened with alcohol will clean piano keys.

243. Washing Veils.--When veils are washed at home they usually come out quite limber and flimsy. To give them the stiffness add a pinch of sugar to the rinse water.

244. To Take Candle Grease Out of Linen.--To take candle grease out of linen, place the linen between two sheets of thick white blotting paper, and set a hot iron on it, leaving it there long enough for the iron to become perceptibly cooler. If necessary repeat this until the grease is removed.

245. Cleaning the Sweeping Brush.--Try cleaning the sweeping brush with an old comb. It is a good plan, for it preserves the brush and keeps it clean, and at the same time saves your hands.

246. Bright Wood Berries May be Preserved.--Almost any kind of bright wood berries may be preserved for decorative use in the winter, by dipping in melted paraffin and putting away in a cool place until needed. Treated in this way berries will remain firm and bright for a long time, and may be used in many ways.

247. Old Wood Work to Keep Clean.--Old woodwork, that is so hard to keep clean, can be made to look like new grained wood, by first painting it with cream colored paint to give a body alike, and when dry go over it with a dark oak varnish stain; with a little practice it can be made to look like grained wood. The varnish dries quickly and leaves it darker in some places. Any old furniture can be treated in the same way.

248. To Prevent Chairs Marring the Floor.--One should have all rockers covered with half rounds of rubber to prevent the scratching of the porch floor. These rocker tires are procurable at any furniture establishment and are easily adjusted.

249. Summer Homes.--Some of the wealthiest women are furnishing their summer homes with rag rugs, instead of the handsome oriental floor coverings, that are a mark of luxury; and what seems odd to those who cannot afford to please each whim, the rooms are being repapered with simple sprigged effects and all evidences of up-to-dateness are being eliminated, to be in keeping with these copies of the colonial rag carpets.

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250. To Destroy Flies.--Flies will get into the house during the summer in spite of the greatest care. One method of catching and killing them, without having disagreeable looking fly paper lying around is to prepare a mixture of cream, sugar and pepper. Put this on a plate and they will eat greedily of it and die. They will instantly seek the open air and it is easy to brush them from the screen doors. This is an old method and a good one.

251. Successful Fern Growing.--A woman who has had her refrigerator placed on the porch has a long drain pipe to carry off the melted ice, and this is made to flow right into a large bed of ferns. The cold water in no way destroys the plants, in fact, they can endure the coldest water, and last year her ferns grew to an enormous size all due to the daily supply of water from the refrigerator.

252. Faded Crepe.--Faded crepe can be dipped into a solution of water and indigo, the water made very dark with blueing for the purpose. Dissolve in one quart of water, a teaspoonful of sugar. Lift the crepe out, and shake it and pin it to the bed to dry. As it can not be ironed pin it carefully over soft muslin with needles.

253. Sweeping as a Beautifier.--The average woman who does her own housework gets exercise enough, only it is not under the best conditions, for the air, as a rule, is not sufficiently fresh. If she wants to be benefited physically, while putting her house in order, let her make it like outdoors, with the windows wide open so the fresh air can sweep through the rooms. If necessary she can wear a jacket while making beds and sweeping, and by the time her work is done she is bound to be in a healthy glow. If she does not do housework she must go outdoors, and walk, and indeed, a little walking is desirable even for the housekeeper.

254. Putting Screens Away.--If screens were carefully put away last fall there should be little difficulty in getting them in place on the first hot fly-breeding day. The wise housekeeper writes on the top of her screen, where it is hidden from view by the upper sash, the room and window where it belongs. She also covers the wires with a coating of vaselin and stores them in a dry place with a cover thrown over them. Should the wire have become shabby and rusty looking it can be freshened up with a coat of paint. If the wires have gone into holes and are badly bulged, replace with copper wire netting. It costs more than the ordinary kind, but does not wear out nearly so soon.

255. Attractive Living Room.--The living room is sure to have a cheery atmosphere if provided with a wooden seat at either side. The wooden shelf is a good place for the clock, candlesticks, and a few simple flower vases.

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256. Finger Bowl.--A finger bowel should always have a few flowers or a leaf floating around on the surface.

257. Raw Oysters.--Raw oysters are further improved by sections of lemon or sprigs of mint among the cracked ice.

258. Cheerfulness at Meals.--Meals should be something more than the consumption of food. All work stops at those times and people meet together. Nothing that can be done should be omitted to make it an occasion of agreeable interchange of thought and conversation, and when this is done, not only the body, but the mind and nerves are refreshed.

259. To Keep a Rug from Curling.--The edge of the heavy rug will not curl if treated to a coat of shellac on the under side.

260. Grease Stains on Silk.--For grease stains on silk, rub the silk with French chalk or magnesia, and then hold it to the fire. Thus the grease will be absorbed by the powder, which may then be brushed off.

261. Ironing Centerpieces.--When ironing centerpieces of tablecloths, see that the iron moves with the straight grain of the cloth. If this method is followed the circular edge will take its true line.

262. Tucking Children's Dresses.--When hand tucks are to be used on children's dresses, they should be very carefully made, and the first one kept perfectly straight to use as a guide for the others. A good way to do this is to loosen one thread, not to pull out but sufficiently draw it to show the straight line, and crease the tuck in this line. After the width of the tuck and space between each is decided use a notched card as a measure for all the other tucks.

263. A Neat Way to Mend Table Linen.--A neat way to mend table linen is to darn it with linen threads off an older tablecloth. It will look much neater than a patch sewed on. It is advisable to keep a piece of a discarded tablecloth in the mending basket for that purpose.

264. A Good Substitute for a Toaster.--If the toaster is suddenly lost, you can find a very good substitute in the popcorn popper. It can be held over the gas or before the coal fire, and the bread will toast in a few minutes.

265. To Prepare Cauliflower.--To prepare cauliflower remove all the large green leaves and greater part of stalk. Soak in cold water, to which has been added one teaspoonful of vinegar and a half teaspoonful of salt to each quart.

266. Preserving Dress Patterns.--Some women, after they have used a pattern, just roll it up and tuck it away wherever it happens, and when they want to use it the next time, it curls up and acts so that there is no doing anything with it. If they would just lay the patterns out flat and put them where they might stay that way, all this trouble would be avoided.

[884 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

267. Lace on Centerpieces.--Lace that is used on centerpieces is not fulled, but is just held in enough to lie flat. The best way to get this flatness is to draw the thread of the lace and fasten one end to the linen, leaving enough to make a neat seam, and then to adjust fullness so that it lies evenly. When right side is up one cannot see that any fullness exists.

268. Uses of Mop Handles.--Most women have found the mop handle with the handy clasp, a general utility tool. There is a great deal of unnecessary bending of the knees to the household gods. It is a painful attitude, and work that can be done just as well in a standing position, should never be done in a kneeling one.

269. Iron Holders Made from Asbestos.--Iron holders made from a piece of asbestos the desired size, and covered with drilling or heavy unbleached muslin are light and keep out the heat. There should be a ring or loop sewed to one corner to hang up the holder.

270. Washing Quilts.--To wash quilts a housekeeper gives the following directions: Dissolve a bar of white soap in a cupful of water. Run into your bath-tub sufficient water to cover one quilt; make a good suds, and put in the quilt, and let it soak for a few minutes. Do not rub, but use the washboard, top end down, to press or pound out the water and dirt. Never wring but with the wash-board press out the water. Rinse several times. When you have pressed out as dry as you can pin the quilt closely on the line to drain. When thoroughly dry, whip with a carpet beater until fluffy, before removing from the line. This method is especially fine for tied quilts. The bath tub is preferred, because of shape and water conveniences.

271. Shrinking Dress Goods.--Before making the white linen dress skirt, or any material that is liable to shrink, fold the goods carefully and place it in a tub and cover with water. Let it get thoroughly wet, stretch the clothes line as tightly as possible, hang the goods through the center, and pin perfectly straight on the line. When dry, let two persons stretch the goods as curtains are stretched, fold it with the wrong side of the material out and iron double with the seam running through the center of the goods on the length of the material. In shrinking colored prints add turpentine to the water, and it will set the color. A teaspoonful is used to a gallon of water.

272. Fixing Worn Corsets.--For stitching over worn corset stays, a wide white tape is unequaled.

273. Cooking Breakfast Food.--Don't leave the tin lid on the saucepan if you start the cereal in the evening for breakfast. It will rust and the moisture drip into the food.

274. Tough Meat to Make Tender.--Tough meat can be made tender by adding a teacupful of lemon juice to the water in which it is boiled.

275. To Preserve Pineapple.--To preserve pineapple allow only three-quarters of a pound of sugar to each pound of pineapple.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 885]

276. Hemstitching Underclothing.--Hemstitching forms a dainty finish for the household linen and underclothing, but the busy woman often will not undertake it because of the difficulty of drawing the threads. If a piece of white soap be rubbed on the underside of the cloth, where the hemstitching is to be done, the threads may be drawn with ease, in half the time that is usually required.

277. To Boil Eggs Without Cracking Them.--To boil eggs without the risk of cracking, hold them in a spoonful of boiling water before immersing them.

278. Save the Basting Thread.--Basting threads, when saved, should be wound on a spool, otherwise they get hopelessly tangled and are not used again.

279. Threading Needles.--Thread will knot less easily, if the end that is broken from the spool is run through the eye of the needle.

280. Measuring Dress Goods.--Do not measure dress goods and laces with a tape line, as it stretches the material. Use a yardstick.

281. Do Not Use Coarse Thread.--An expert needlewoman says that the reason why so much embroidery does not look attractive is that too coarse a thread is used for the work. It is not a bad rule to use a cotton a number or two finer than is recommended, unless the advice comes from one who understands embroidery perfectly.

282. Putting in a Temporary Hem.--The hem of a dress that must be lengthened after it is laundered should be turned perfectly straight and stitched with number one hundred thread. It can be easily ripped and the fine threads will not leave the usual stitched lines that one often sees when a hem is lowered.

283. Serviceable Child's Dress.--A quaint little frock that will be serviceable, can be made from a remnant of demi flouncing hemstitched on the embroidered edge. This placed at the hem, of course, and the top is gathered in Mother Hubbard style into a neck band edged with a little frill. The sleeves are in bishop style confined with bands trimmed to match the neck.

284. Convenience for the Sewing Room.--A good sized waste basket should be continually close to every sewing machine. Then it is easy to form the habit of dropping all scraps into it just as the scissors make them, instead of leaving them to litter about the floor.

285. Buttons for Future Use.--When buttons are removed from a dress for future use they should be loosely strung on a thread before being put in the button box. This is a time-saver as well as keeps the buttons from getting lost or several of a set from being used.

286. Basting Long Seams.--When basting long seams, if the edge of the material is slipped under the machine needle and the needle is lowered it firmly holds the two pieces, and one can more quickly do the work.

287.--Mending Table Linen.--A woman who is expert in mending table linen does it in this manner: A piece of linen is coated with white soap, to make it stiff and the patch is evenly trimmed. This is placed under the hole in the damask after the edges around the hole in the tablecloth are soaped and trimmed to remove the rough edge.

[886 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

288. Washing Cooking Utensils.--All the cooking utensils should be washed with soda immediately after they have been used, which will remove every trace of grease.

289. To Make Soft Soap.--Soft soap made from half a pound of shaved hard soap and two quarts of water will save the soap bill at cleaning time.

290. Separate Night and Day Pillows.--If separate night and day pillows are not used, as is now generally done, the bed will look neater if special pillow slips are kept to put on over the wrinkled pillow cases by day.

291. To Keep An Iron Sink in Good Condition.--To keep an iron sink in good condition, scrub once or twice a week with hand soap and kerosene. Every night put a little chloride of lime in the strainer and pour through it a kettleful of boiling water.

292. Steaming or Boiling Pudding.--In steaming or boiling puddings, as the water boils away add more boiling water. If cold water is added, for a short time at least, the foodstuff will not be boiling, and this state of affairs may prove disastrous to the pudding.

293. Cooking Peas.--When cooking peas do not shell them. Wash the pods and put them on to boil. When they are done the pods will break and rise to the top of the kettle leaving the peas at the bottom. They have a better flavor cooked this way.

294. Troubled With Ants.--When troubled with ants in your pantry and kitchen pour kerosene around on the edge of your shelves and on your doorstep. They will soon disappear.

295. To Exterminate Roaches.--A housewife says that a few drops of turpentine sprinkled around where roaches gather will exterminate them at once.

296. How to Economize on Gas.--More gas is wasted in the oven than elsewhere. Often one burner will suffice after the oven has been well heated. It is better to run one burner than to burn two low, as they frequently go out.

297. Less Noise in Washing Dishes.--If your cook insists in washing the dishes in the pantry while the family is still at dessert, insist upon her placing the dishes to drain upon a heavy turkish towel. It will lessen much of the clatter.

298. A Useful Article in the Kitchen.--A useful article in the kitchen is a small microscope. Show the cook how to use one. She will be so horrified if shown dates, prunes, or figs that are germ infested that she will take special pains in washing them. The microscope is also useful to examine cereals, cornmeal, buckwheat and other things which unless kept tight may be unpleasantly infected.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 887]

299. To Restore Freshness to Vegetables.--For the housewife who must practise strict economy, as well as for her who lives at a distance from the market, it is well to know that cabbage, celery or lettuce and their like which have lost the first freshness, may be restored by putting first into warm water, just comfortably warm to the hand, and after fifteen or twenty minutes, you will be surprised to note that it will have the original snappy crispness so much desired. Often the grocer will sell the second day celery and lettuce at half price. The above method will freshen same, and may make quite a saving of bills.

300. Worn Brooms or Whisks.--Worn brooms or whisks may be dipped into hot water and uneven edges trimmed off with shears. This will make the straw harder, and the trimming makes the broom almost as good as new.

301. Making Over a Heatherbloom Petticoat.--When you make over a heatherbloom petticoat, do not cut it off at the top and place the drawing string in again, and do not plait it to fit the band. Instead, place a band around the waist of the person being fitted, pin the petticoat to the band, then make large darts at each seam and cut off that superfluous material that otherwise would need to be put into gathers. It does not destroy the shape and permits the petticoat to lie smoothly over the hips.

302. The Gingham Apron for the Housewife.--The gingham apron for the housewife at her daily tasks, especially if the maid is out and she has any kitchen work to do, is imperative, and she will find the long apron that buttons over the shoulders the most acceptable.

303. After Cleaning the Sewing Machine.--After cleaning the sewing machine, several yards of stitching must be accomplished before the machine runs smoothly and without leaving marks. If you have any long seams on dark material to sew up, sew them now before attempting any light work.

304. To Remove Tangled Threads.--No doubt you often have stopped sewing and patiently picked the threads out of the bobbin under the machine plate, or around the wheels, for this often occurs, says the Woman's National Daily. Save time in the future by lighting a match and burning out the threads, then brush the ashes off and oil the parts.

305. Clothes Rack for Children.--In one home, in the rear hall, is a low rack on which children can hang their coats, hats and mittens when they come in from school. The hanger was made with two stout steel brackets and a curtain pole fitted up with hooks on which the articles were held. On one end of the pole was hung a whiskbroom, and each tot was taught its use.

306. To Remove Dust from Any White Fabric.--To remove dust from any white fabric lay the spot over a tea-kettle of boiling water. Place a cut lemon over the spot, pressing firmly. Remove occasionally, in order to allow the juice to evaporate, and the stain will disappear before one's eyes, no matter how stubborn or how deep set.

888 MOTHERS' REMEDIES

307. Amateur Dressmakers.--Amateur dressmakers will probably find it difficult to decide just how to finish the necks of the collarless frocks and waists that will be worn this summer. If the material is net, there is no prettier decoration than a band of the net piped with silk or satin and braided in a simple design. Necks of tub dresses while there is to be no contrasting yoke, may be trimmed with a threaded beading.

308. To Prevent Marks on the Dining Table.--If you have a highly polished dining table which you are afraid of spoiling, lay a piece of oilcloth on the table under the pad and you will have no trouble.

309. For Cupboard Shelves.--Put a white oilcloth on kitchen shelves instead of paper. The cloth will not turn yellow as the paper does, and can be kept clean while washing dishes.

310. Cleaning Gilt Frames.--When gilt frames or mouldings of the rooms have specks of dirt on them they can be cleaned with white of an egg, rubbed on with a camel's hair brush.

311. To Clean Kid Gloves.--Take a fine soft cloth, dip it into a little sweet milk, then rub it on a cake of soap, and rub the gloves with it. They will look like new.

312. Washing Fine Woolens.--To keep baby's sacques and socks and your own shawls and scarfs as fluffy as when new, dry and put in oven of range, shaking often between the palms while drying.

313. To Wash Grained Woodwork.--To wash grained woodwork take a half pail of hot water, add half a pound of soap chips, and boil until dissolved. Take from fire, add one pint kerosene, then boil for five minutes longer. Add one quarter of this to a half pailful of warm water. Wash woodwork thoroughly, wipe and dry, and lastly use a flannel to polish with.

314. Sewing on Buttons.--How often the mother hears the complaint: "I do wish you wouldn't sew these buttons on so tightly that I can't button them." When you start to sew on a button, before you take a stitch, lay a pin across the face of the button, and sew over the pin. Fasten your thread before you remove the pin, else you will draw the last stitch and spoil it. You will find there is a good shank to the button and yet it is perfectly secure.

315. Airing House After Meals.--After each meal, there should be another thorough airing of the lower floor in the home. No matter how perfectly the system of ventilation, it is impossible to prevent cooking odors. This airing is doubly necessary should there be smokers in the family.

316. House Cleaning Hints.--For the last few days before house cleaning, ornaments and pictures can be washed at one's convenience. They need only be removed or covered when a room is cleaned. With these preparations, the actual cleaning can be done quickly and with much less disturbance of the family routine.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 889]

317. Uses for Men's Old Silk Handkerchiefs.--Men's old silk handkerchiefs should never be thrown away when worn thin. They are just the thing for dusting the polished surface of the piano, ornaments and fine china and glass and bric-a-brac.

318.--Cleaning Fine Fabrics.--In cleaning fabrics great care should be taken not to rub them roughly between the hands. The gentle rubbing on of the solvent with a fresh cloth is sufficient.

319. To Wash White Woolen Blankets.--To wash white woolen blankets, dissolve four tablespoonfuls of good washing powder in a dipperful of boiling water and pour into a tub of warm water. Open the blanket out wide and put it in the tub and let it soak all over for a half an hour. Then rub it all over between the hands, and if there are any stains left, rub them with soap. Rinse in clear water of the same temperature as the wash water. If you do this your blankets will be soft and will not shrink. Do not rub blankets on a washboard, as it makes them hard, and blueing added makes them a dull gray color.

320. To Take Out Wagon Grease.--To take out wagon grease, which is of two kinds, that made from coal tar may be removed from cloth by an application of petroleum; the other, made from animal fat, responds to a sponging of ether.

321. Old Perspiration Stains.--Old perspiration stains may be removed by applying oxalic acid and water in solution, one part of the former to twenty parts of the latter.

322. Eyelet Embroidery.--Eyelet embroidery is one of the daintiest as well as the simplest of embroideries, and, best of all, with a little practice the work can be accomplished quite rapidly. Eyelet embroidery is equally effective done on sheer or heavy material; and neat sewing is all that is required to gain good results.

323. A Convenience for the Household.--A convenience for the household, that will be appreciated by men as well as women, is a wire rack to hang in the closet. It has a series of projecting arms upon which coat hangers may be placed without interfering with each other. This greatly augments the closet room. This rack may be slipped over an ordinary closet hook, and will accommodate five coat hangers.

324. To Turn the Hems of the Table Linen Easily and Accurately.--To turn the hems of the table linen easily and accurately, remove the needle from your sewing machine, adjust the hemmer to the desired width and pass the goods through. They are then ready for hemming by hand. You will find this saves a great deal of time, and gives you a straight, even hem.

325. Soft Wood Floors to Paint.--If a soft wood floor is glue sized, before painting, it will take less paint.

[890 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

326. Hanging Out Quilts.--When hanging out quilts and pillows, pound and brush them the first thing, and let the fresh air get into them all day. Most people do this just before taking them in. Consequently the beds did not get the proper airings.

327. Paint that Sticks to Glass.--Paint that sticks to glass can be removed with hot vinegar.

328. Books with Delicate Bindings.--Books with delicate bindings which have become soiled through much handling, can be satisfactorily cleaned by rubbing with chamois skin dipped in powdered pumice stone.

329. Cleaning Silverware.--Old tooth brushes and nail brushes, and old knitted underwear should always be reserved for cleaning silver. Nothing is better than a tooth brush for brushing the dried whiting out of the heavily chased silver or repousse work. The chamois skin is best for the final polishing. If table silver be steeped in hot soap suds immediately after being used, and dried with a soft clean cloth, a regular cleaning will not be needed so often.

330. Cleaning Crockery and Enamel.--By immersing, for a day or two in sour milk, glass, crockery or enamel ware articles may be perfectly cleaned of stains or limey accumulations from hard water. This is much better than a scouring, as the surface is not injured in any way, and every part can be reached.

331. Going to Market.--The housekeeper who goes to market rather than order by telephone will find she gets better things for less money.

332. Moths in Carpets.--If moths have attacked the carpet try putting gasoline on the edges, soaking the nap of the carpet. Also work powdered borax into the carpet wherever there is a sign of moths or under heavy pieces of furniture, which cannot easily be moved in the weekly sweeping.

333. A Serviceable Furniture Brush.--A serviceable furniture brush is made of turkey tail feathers. Take a stout twine and needle, sew the quills tightly together and cover the handle with a piece of oilcloth, smoothly stitched into place, or wrap the handle with cloth and stitch. A brush of this kind is very soft and may be used to dust any highly polished piece of furniture.

334. Uses of a Wooden Spoon.--Never use any but a wooden or silver spoon to stir anything with in cooking. Many a dish is spoiled by the cook stirring it with an iron or metal spoon. Wood is the best when any acid, such as vinegar, is used in the ingredients to be stirred.

335. Boiling Vegetables.--Boil parsnips and such vegetables with thin skins; then peel when cold. The flavor is preserved and your hands are not stained.

336. To Wash Furniture.--Furniture washed with castile soap and tepid water and rubbed with a piece of old silk will look like new.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 891]

337. Old Suitcases and Purses.--When suitcases and purses begin to show wear, coat all the spots with tan water color paint, and when perfectly dry rub over with a little sweet oil. Let stand for an hour, then rub with woolen cloth. Tan and brown shoes which have become scuffed may be treated in the same way.

338. Putting up Lunches.--Those who find the putting up of lunches a part of the daily routine may take comfort in the suggestion of one resourceful woman. When using eggs she sees to it that only a small piece of the shell is broken off from the end of one egg. The egg shell from which the piece has been cut is then washed and kept as a receptacle for jelly or jam for the noon lunch basket. The open end being protected by a piece of paper dipped in paraffin.

339. Paint Wicker Furniture.--If you must paint wicker furniture see that you buy paint that is well mixed and thinned to the proper consistency. If too thick it gets lumpy and the paint is apt to rub off on the clothes. Porch chairs which are exposed to weather should be finished with a coat of enamel to make them last longer. The coat of enamel is also more easily dusted.

340. Bureau Drawers that Stick.--Wax is better to use on the bureau drawers that stick than soap. It works better and will not catch dirt so much.

341.--Uses for Old Envelopes.--Cut out the corners from all heavy envelopes, for they are excellent for holding coins sent by mail. They always make good corner protection.

342. To Prevent Fruit from Moulding.--A layer of absorbent cotton laid over the fruit in the mouth of the fruit cans is an excellent preventive against the mould. If mould should form, it will cling to the cotton and leave the fruit clean.

343. Linoleum or Oilcloth That is Cracked.--Linoleum that is badly cracked may be improved by a filler made of ochre and boiled flour paste. After the filling is dry the linoleum may be painted.

344. Borax as a Purifier for Ice Box.--Borax is an invaluable aid to the woman who wishes to keep her ice box immaculate. It is especially desirable for use in small refrigerators where little food is kept, and where ice is kept more for the purpose of preserving butter and milk and keeping bottled water cool. Cold water with plenty of pure borax, is preferable to hot water to use in wiping off the walls of the refrigerator. It does not heat the box and, being a germ killer, it purifies everything it touches. It may also he put in the corners of the refrigerator. Its best use of all is perhaps in keeping the receptacle for the ice itself and the outside tube in pure and sanitary condition. It may be sprinkled freely over the bottom of the ice box proper and on the rack holding the ice.

345. To Clean Gilded Surfaces.--To clean gilded surfaces, dip a soft brush in alcohol to which a few drops of ammonia water have been added, and with it go over the surface. Do not rub roughly or harshly. In about five minutes the dirt will have become soft and easy of removal. Then go over the surface again gently with the same or similar brush dipped in rain water. Now lay the damp article in the sunlight to dry. If there is no sunlight place it near a warm (but not hot) stove, and let dry completely in order to avoid streaks, taking care that the position of the article, during the drying is not exactly vertical.

[892 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

346. Hints for the Housewife.--Every housewife should have plenty of waxed paper or paraffin paper about the house. It is of the greatest value in preserving eatables from the air and keeping them properly moist. In the sandwich basket it is indispensable. Cake wrapped in it will keep moist and fresh for a much longer time than if put directly into the box. When the paper has become sticky run cold water on it, and it may be used again. Cheese wrapped up in it and put in the refrigerator will keep fresh for a week.

347. Excessive Gas Light Weakens the Eyes.--When the excessive light of the gas light or the electric bulb tires weak eyes, resort to the tallow candle. For the sick room wax candles are preferred, as they never produce smoke or smell. They seem to soothe the nerves of the invalid and in this way help to produce a restful night.

348. Handy Disinfectant for the Household.--Chlorate of lime moistened with vinegar and water, equal parts, is a handy disinfectant for the household. It can be kept in the cellar, and in case of sickness a few drops scattered around the house will purify the air.

349. For Closing Windows.--A piece of bamboo, an old blind roller, or any strong smoothly rounded stick about three feet long, with a small flat piece of wood about the same thickness, twelve inches long and covered with flannel, nailed across the ends, makes an admirable and useful article for closing top windows without either going outside or standing on a stool or a chair to reach, or straining one's self with the weight to be raised upward.

[ MEDICAL DICTIONARY 893]

MEDICAL DICTIONARY SIMPLE and PLAIN DEFINITIONS of MEDICAL TERMS For Reference in your Newspaper and General Reading and Throughout this Work.

Abdomen (ab-do'men). That portion of the body, lying between the thorax and the pelvis, or "belly."

Ablution (ab-lu'shun). The act of washing or cleansing.

Abnormal (ab-nor'mal). Contrary to the usual structure or condition. Not normal.

Abortion (ab-or'shun). The expulsion of the fetus before the sixteenth week.

Abrasion (ab-ra-zhun). A spot rubbed bare of the skin or mucous membrane.

Abscess (ab'ses). A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues.

Absorbent (ab-sor'bent). Taking up by suction. A medicine or dressing that promotes absorption.

Acid (as'id). Sour, having properties opposed to those of the alkalies.

Acidity (as-id'it-e). The quality of being acid or sour.

Acrid (ak'rid). Pungent; producing an irritation.

Acetabulum (as-et-ab'u-lum). The rounded cavity in the innominate (hip) bone which receives the head of the femur.

Accoucheur (ah-kosh'er). An obstetrician. One who attends a woman in confinement.

Actual Cautery (kaw'tere). Fire, a red hot iron, or the moxa, used as a cauterizing agent.

Acholia (ah-ko'leah). Lack or absence of the secretion of bile.

Acupuncture (ak-u-punk-tur). The insertion of needles into a part for the production of counter-irritation.

Adhesive (ad-he'siv). Sticking or adhering closely.

Adipose (ad'ip-os). Of a fatty nature; fat.

Adjuvant (ad'ju-vant). An auxiliary remedy.

Adult (a-dult'). A person grown to full size and strength or to the years of manhood.

Affection (af-ek'shun). A morbid condition or diseased state.

Affusion (af-u'shun). The pouring of water upon a part or upon the body for reducing fever or correcting nervous symptoms.

Ailment (al'ment). Any disease or affection of the body.

Albuminose (al-bumin-os). A primary production of the digestion of a proteid, not coagulable by heat.

Aliment (al'im-ent). Food, or nutritive material.

Alimentary Canal (al-imen'ta-re). The portion of the digestive apparatus through which the food passes after mastication. The canal from the mouth to the anus; gullet, stomach, bowel, anus.

Alkali (al'kal-i). A compound which forms salts with acids and soaps with fats. Potash, soda, lithia, ammonia.

Alterative (awl-ter-at-iv). A medicine that produces a favorable change in the processes of nutrition and repair.

[894 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Alveolar (al-ve'o-lar). Pertaining to an alveolus.

Alveolus (al-ve-olus). Bone socket of a tooth; air sac of the lungs, etc.

Amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis). Blindness without any visible defect in the eye, from disease of the optic nerve, retina, brain.

Amenorrhea (am-en-or-re'ah). Absence or abnormal stoppage of the monthly sickness.

Amniotic Liquid (am-ne-ot'ik). A fluid enclosed within the amnion which nourishes and protects the foetus (unborn child).

Amputation (am-pu-ta'shun). The surgical cutting off of a limb or other part.

Amylaceous (am-il-a'she-us). Starchy.

Analysis (an-al'is-is). Separation. into compound parts or elements.

Anchylosis (Ankylosis) (ang-kil-o'sis). Abnormal immobility and consolidation of a joint (stiff joint).

Anemia (an-e'me-ah). A condition in which the blood is deficient either in quantity or quality.

Anastomose (an-as'to-moz). Communicating with one another, as arteries and veins.

Anastomosis (an-as-to-mo'sis). The surgical or pathological formation of a passage between any two normally distinct spaces or organs.

Anasarca (an-ah-sar'kah). An accumulation of serum in the cellular tissues of the body. General dropsy.

Anesthesia (an-is-the-zhe-ah). Loss of feeling or sensation of a part or whole body.

Anesthetic (an-es-thet-ic). A drug that produces anesthesia, without the sense of touch or pain.

Aneurism (an'u-rizm). A pulsating tumor consisting of a sac or pouch into which blood flows through an opening in an artery.

Animalcule (anim-al'kul). Any minute animal organism.

Anodyne (an'o-din). A medicine that relieves pain.

Antacid (an-tas'id). A substance that counteracts or neutralizes acidity.

Antiphrodisiac (ant'af-ro-diz-e-ak). An agent that allays sexual impulses.

Anthelmintic (an-thel-min'tik). Destruction to worms.

Anthrax (an'thrax). A carbuncle.

Antibilious (an-te-bil'yus). Good against bilious conditions.

Antidote (an'te-dot). A remedy for counteracting a poison.

Antidysenteric (an'te-dis-en-ter'ik). Relieving, curing or preventing dysentery.

Antiemetic (an'te-e-met'ik). Arresting or preventing emesis or vomiting.

Antilithic (an-te-lith'ik). Preventing the formation of stone or calculus.

Antimorbific (anti-mor-bif 'ic). Preventing disease.

Antiperiodic (an'te-pe-re-od'ik). Serviceable against malarial or periodic recurrence.

Antiscorbutic (an'te-skor-bu'tik). Correcting or curing scurvy.

Antiseptic (an-te-sep'tik). A substance destructive to poisonous germs.

Antispasmodic (an'te-spaz-mod'ik). An agent that relieves spasms.

Antisyphilitic (an'te-sif-il-it'ik). Useful in cases of syphilis.

Anus (a'nus). The distal end and outlet of the rectum.

Apathy (ap'ath-e). Lack of feeling or emotion; indifference.

Apparatus (ap-ar-a'tus). A number of parts acting together in the performance of some special function.

Aphasia (ah-fa'ze-ah). Defect or loss of the power of expression by speech, writing, or signs.

Aphthous (af'thus). Pertaining to, characterized by, affected with aphthae (thrush).

Apex (a'pex). The top or pointed extremity of any conical part.

Apnea (ap-ne'ah). The transient cessation of breathing that follows a forced respiration.

Aperient (ap-e're-nt). A gentle purgative or laxative.

Appetite (ap'et-it). A natural longing or desire, especially that for food.

Areola (ar-e'o-lah). The colored circle round the nipple or round a pustule. A minute space or interstice in a tissue.

Aromatic (ar-o-mat'ik). A medicinal substance with a spicy fragrance and stimulating qualities.

Aroma (ah-ro'mah). The fragrance or odor, especially that of spice or medicine, or of articles of food or drink.

Arthrodia (ar-thro'de-ah). An articulation or joint which allows a gliding motion of the surfaces.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 895]

Articulation (ar-tik'u-la'shun). A connection between two or more bones whether allowing motion between them or not.

Articulated (ar-tik'u-la-ted). Connected by joints.

Arthritic (ar-thrit'ik). Pertaining to or affected with gout or arthritis. Relating to inflammation of a joint.

Ascaris (as'kar-is). A worm found in the intestines.

Ascites (as-si'tez). Dropsy of the abdominal cavity.

Aspirate (as'pi-rat). To treat by aspiration. To pronounce with full emission of breath.

Assimilation (as-sim-il-a'shun). The transformation of food into living tissue.

Asthenic (as-then'ik). Characterized by weakness or feebleness.

Asthmatic (az-mat'ik). Affected with asthma.

Astringent (as-trin'gent). An agent that arrests discharges by causing contraction, such as tannic acid, alum, zinc, etc.

Attenuant (at-ten'u-ant). Causing thinness, as of the blood.

Atony (at'on-e). Lack of normal tone or strength.

Atrophy (at'ro-fe). A wasting or diminution in the size of a part.

Auricle (au'rik-l). The pinna or flap of the ear. The chambers of the heart on either side above the ventricles.

Auscultation (aus-kul-ta'shun). Listening with the ear or an instrument to organs, such as the lungs, heart, etc.

Autopsy (au-top-se). The post-mortem examination of a body.

Axilla (ak-sil'lah). The arm-pit.

Axillary Glands. Lymphatic glands situated in the arm-pit.

Balsamic (bawl-sam'ik). Of the nature of balsam.

Biennial (bi-en'ni-al). Happening Once in two years.

Bifurcation (bi-fur-ka'shun). Division into two branches.

Bile or Gall (Bil). The golden brown or greenish yellow substance secreted by the liver.

Bilious (bil'yus). Characterized by bile. Full of bile.

Blister (blis'ter). A collection of serous, bloddy or watery fluid beneath the epidermis (outer skin).

Bonchioles. A minute bronchial tube.

Bronchia (brong'ke-ah). Bronchial tubes smaller than the bronchi, and larger than the bronchioles.

Bougie (boo-zhe'). A slender instrument for introduction into the urethra or a large one for the rectum or other opening.

Bronchial (brong'ke-al). Pertaining to the bronchi.

Bronchitis (brong-ki'tis). Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

Bright's Disease (britz). Inflammation of the kidneys. Any disease of the kidneys associated with albumen in the urine.

Bulbous (bul'bus). A bulb.

Cachexia (kak-ek'seah). A profound and marked state of constitutional disorder. A depraved condition of general nutrition due to some serious disease such as cancer, tuberculosis (cancerous cachexia).

Cacumen (kak-u'men). The top or apex of an organ.

Callous (kal'us). Hard.

Calcareous (kal-ka'reus). Chalky. Pertaining to or having the nature of limestone.

Callus (kal'lus). The new growth of bony matter between the extremities of broken bone serving to unite them.

Capillary (kap'il-la-ri). Pertaining to or resembling a hair. A minute blood vessel connecting the arterioles with the venules; very minute blood vessels.

Capsicum (kap'si-kum). Cayenne pepper.

Capsule (kap'sul). A soluble case for enclosing a dose of medicine. A fibrous or membraneous covering as of the spleen or kidneys.

Carbon (kar'bon). Charcoal.

Carbonic Acid Gas (kar-bon'ik). An acidulous liquid made by dissolving carbon dioxide in water.

Cardiac (kar'de-ak). Pertaining to the heart.

Carminative (kar-min'-a-tiv). A medicine to relieve flatulence, such as anise, cinnamon, cloves, peppermint, soda.

Caries (ka're-ez). Rottenness. The molecular decay or death of a bone. It becomes soft, porous and discolored.

Carotid Artery (kah-ro-tid'). The large artery in the neck.

Carpus (kar'pus). The wrist.

[896 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Cartilage (kar'til-ej). Gristle. The gristle attached to joint surfaces and forming certain parts of the skeleton.

Catamenia (kat-ah-me'ne-ah). Monthly sickness.

Cataplasm (kat'ap-lazm). A poultice.

Catarrh (kat-ahr'). Inflammation of a mucous membrane with a free discharge.

Cathartic (kath-ar'tik). A medicine that produces free movements of the bowels.

Catheter (kath'it-er). A hollow tube for introduction into a cavity through a narrow canal or channel.

Caustic (kaws'tik). Burning; destructive to living tissues.

Cautery (kaw'ter-e). Application of a caustic substance or hot iron.

Cauterize (kaw'ter-iz). To scar or burn with a caustic or cautery.

Cell (sel). A small hollow cavity in any one of the minute protoplasmic masses which form organized tissues.

Cellular (sel'u-lar). Relating to or composed of cells.

Cerebellum (ser-e-bel'um). The inferior part of the brain lying below the cerebrum and above the pons and medulla.

Cerebro Spinal (ser'e-bro-spi'nal). Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebral (ser'e-bral). Relating to the cerebrum.

Cerebrum (ser'-e-brum). The main portion of the brain occupying the upper part of the cranium, and consisting of two equal portions, called hemispheres.

Cerumen (se-ru'men). Ear-wax.

Chalybeate (kal-ib'e-at). Containing or charged with iron.

Chancre (shang'ker). The primary lesion (or sore) of syphilis.

Cholagogues (ko'ia-gog). A medicine causing an increased flow of bile.

Choleraic (kol-er-a'ik). Of the nature of cholera.

Chorea (ko-re'ah). St. Vitus' dance.

Chordee (kor-dee'). Painful deflection of the penis in gonorrhea.

Chronic (kron'ik). Long continued; not acute.

Chyle (kile). The milky juice taken up by the lacteals from the food in the intestines after digestion.

Chyme (kim). The thick grayish liquid mass into which the food is converted by stomach (gastric) digestion.

Circulation (sir-ku-la'shun). Passing in a circle, as the circulation of the blood.

Cicatrix (sik-a'trix). A scar; the mark left by a sore or a wound.

Clavicle (klav'ik-l). Collar-bone.

Climacteric (kli-mak-ter'ik). A period of the lifetime at which the system was believed to undergo marked changes. Now generally applied to the "change of life."

Clinical (klin'ic-al). Pertaining to bedside treatment or to a clinic.

Clonic (klon'ik). Applied to spasms where the parts are rigid and relaxed in succession.

Clyster (kli'ster). An injection into the rectum; an enema.

Coagulation (ko-ag-u-la-shun). The process of changing into a clot.

Coagulum (ko-ag'u-lum). A clot or curd.

Coagulate (ko-ag'u-Iat). To cause a clot.

Coalesce (ko-al-es'). The union of two or more parts or things.

Collapse (kol-laps'). A state of extreme prostration and depression with failure of circulation.

Colon (ko'lon). That part of the large intestine which extends from the caecum to the rectum.

Colostrum (ko-los'trum). The first fluid secreted by the "breast" (mammary gland) after confinement.

Colliquative (kol-liq'wah-tuv). Characterized bv an excessive fluid discharge.

Collyrium (kol-lir'e-um). An eye-wash.

Coma (ko'mah). Profound stupor occurring during a disease or after a severe injury.

Comatose (ko'mat-os). Pertaining to or affected with coma.

Combustion (kom-bust'yun). Burning; rapid oxidation with emission of heat.

Concussion (kon-kush'un). A violent jar or shock, or a condition resulting from it.

Concretion (kon-kre'shun). A calculus or inorganic mass in a natural cavity or in the tissues of an organism.

Condiment (kon'di-ment). A seasoner.

Condyle (kon'dil). The rounded eminence at the joint (articular) end of a bone.

Confluent (kon-flu'ent). Becoming merged together.

Congenital (kon-jen'it-al). Existing at or before birth.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 897]

Congestion (kon-gest'jun). Excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood in a part.

Conjunctiva (kon-junk-ti'vah). The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the eyeball.

Constipation (kon-stip-a'shun). Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces (bowel material).

Constriction (kon-strik'shun). A constricted part or place. Tight feeling.

Contagious (kon-ta'jus). Propagated by contagion or by immediate contact or effluvia.

Contusion (kon-tu-zhun). A bruise.

Contamination (kon-tam-in-a'shun.) Infection of the person or of matter by contact.

Convalescence (kon-val-es'ens). Getting well after an illness.

Convoluted (kon'va-lut-cd). Rolled together or coiled.

Convulsion (kon-vul'shun). A violent involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles.

Cordial (kord'yel). Stimulating the heart; invigorating.

Cornea (kor'neah). The transparent anterior portion of the eyeball.

Corpse (korps). The dead body of a human being.

Corrective (kor-ek'tiv). Modifying or changing favorably.

Corroborants (kor-ob'er-ants). Aiding in proving.

Corrosive (kor-ro'siv). Eating away. A substance that destroys organic tissue either by direct chemical means or by causing inflammation and suppuration.

Counter Irritation (kown'ter-ir-rit-a'shun). A superficial irritation.

Cosmetics (koz-met'ik). Beautifying substances.

Costiveness (kos'tiv-nes). Constipated bowels.

Cranium (kra'neum). The skull or brain-pan.

Crassamentum (kras-sam-en'tum). A clot, as of blood.

Crepitus (krep'it-us). The grating of broken bones.

Crisis (kri'sis). Turning point of a disease for better or worse.

Cutaneous (ku-ta'ne-us). Pertaining to the skin.

Cuticle (ku'tik-l). The epidermis, outer or scarf skin.

Cyst (sist). A cavity containing fluid and surrounded by a capsule (covering).

Debility (de-bil-i-ti). Lack or loss of strength.

Decoction (de-kok'shun). A medicine, etc., made by boiling.

Decomposition (de-kom-po-zish'-un). Putrefying. The separation of the component parts of the body.

Deglutition (deg-lu-tish'un). The act of swallowing.

Dejection (de-jek'shun). Discharge of excrementitious material; mental depression.

Deleterious (del-e-te're-us). Hurtful; injurious.

Deliquium (de-lik'we-um). A fainting or syncope.

Delirium (de-lir'e-um). A condition of mental excitement with confusion and usually hallucinations and illusions.

Demulcents (de-mul'sents). Soothing; allays irritation, especially of mucous surfaces.

Dentition (den-tish'in). Teething; cutting of teeth.

Dentrifice (den'trif-is). A substance for cleansing teeth.

Duodenum (du-o-de'num). The first part of the small intestine.

Deobstruent (de-ob'stru-ent). A medicine to remove obstruction.

Depletion (de-ple'shun). Diminished quantity of fluid in the body or in a part, especially by bleeding, conditions due to excessive loss of blood or other fluids.

Depuration (dep'u-ra-shun). Purify or cleanse.

Derm (derm). The skin.

Desiccate (des-ik-at). To dry thoroughly.

Detergent (de-ter'gent). A cleansing, purifying medicine.

Desquamation (des-kwam-a'shun). Scaling; shedding of the epithelial elements, chiefly of the skin.

Determination (de-term-in-a'shun). Tendency of the blood to collect in a part.

Diagnosis (di-ag-no'sis). The art of distinguishing one disease from another.

Diaphragm (di'af-ram). The membrane that separates the abdomen from the chest cavity.

Diaphoretics (di-af-o-ret'ik). Sweating remedies.

[898 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Diathesis (di-ath'es-is). Natural or congenital predisposition to a special disease.

Dietetics (di-ct-et'iks). The science or study and regulation of food.

Dilatation (di-la-ta'shun). Stretched beyond the normal dimension.

Diluent (dil'u-ent). Makes less irritant; an agent that makes less irritant.

Discutients (dis-ku'te-ent). Remedies that scatter.

Disinfectant (dis-in-fek'tant). Agent that destroys disease germs or renders ferments inactive.

Dislocation (dis-lo-ka'shun). The displacement of any part, especially a bone.

Diuretic (diu-ret'ik). Agent to increase secretion of the urine.

Dorsal (dor'sal). Pertaining to the back or back of any part.

Drastic (dras'tic). Powerful acting remedy or agent.

Dyspepsia (dis-pep'se-ah). Difficult digestion. Impairment of the power or function of digestion.

Dysuria (dis-ur'e-ah). Painful or difficult passing of urine.

Dyspnoea (disp-ne'ah). Difficult or labored breathing.

Dyspragia (dys-pra'je-ah). Difficulty in swallowing.

Dyscrasia (dis-kra'ze-ah). A depraved state of the humors; abnormal composition of the blood and humors.

Ebullition (eb-ul-ish'un). The process of boiling.

Ecstacy (ek'stas-i). A kind of trance or state of fixed contemplation, with mental exaltation, partial abeyance of most of the functions and rapt expression of the countenance.

Edema (e-de'mah). Swelling due to the accumulation of serous fluid in the tissues.

Effervesce (ef-fer-ves'). To bubble; sparkle.

Efflorescence (ef-flo-res'sens). A rash or eruption.

Effluvium (ef-flu've-um). An ill-smelling exhalation, especially of a noxious character.

Effusion (ef-fu-zhun). The escape of fluid into a part or tissue.

Electrization (e-lek-tri-za'shun). The act of charging with, or treatment by, electricity.

Electuary (e-lek'tu-a-re). A medicinal preparation consisting of a powdered drug made into a paste with honey, syrup, etc.

Elimination (e-lim-in-a'shun). The act of expulsion from the body.

Emaciation (e-ma-se-a'shun). Leanness, or a wasted condition of the body.

Embryo (em'bre-o). The foetus (unborn child) in its earlier stages of development, especially before the end of the third month.

Emesis (em'e-sis). Vomiting.

Emetic (e-met-ik). Any substance that causes vomiting.

Emmenogogue (em-men'ogog). Any agent stimulating or favoring the monthly flow.

Emollient (e-mo'le-ent). Soothing or softening.

Emphysema (em-fis-e'mah). A swelling or inflation due to the presence of air in the interstices of the connective tissues.

Emulsion (e-mul'shun). An oily or resinous substance divided and held in suspension through the agency of an adhesive, mucilaginous, or other substance.

Enamel (en-am'el). The white substance that covers and protects the dentine of the crown of the teeth.

Empirical (em-pir-ic-al). Based on experience.

Encephalon (en-sef'al-on). That portion of the central nervous system which is contained within the skull or cranium.

Encysted (en-sis'ted). Enclosed in a sac, or cyst.

Endermically (en-der-mik'ally). Absorption through the skin.

Enema (en'em-ah). An injection thrown into the rectum.

Enervation (en-er-va'shun). Languor; lack of nervous energy.

Enteritis (en-ter-i'tis). Inflammation of the intestine, usually the small intestine.

Enteric (en-ter'ik). Pertaining to the intestines or bowels.

Epidemic (ep-id-em'ik). A disease which attacks many people in any district at the same time.

Epidermis (ep-id-er'mis). Outer skin; scarf skin; cuticle.

Ephemeral (ef-em'er-al). Transient; for one day or less.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 899]

Epigastrium (cp-a-gas'tre-um). The upper middle portion of the abdomen belly); over or in front of the stomach.

Epigastric (ep-e-gas'trik). Pertaining to the epigastrium.

Epileptic (ep-e-lep-tik). A person troubled with epilepsy.

Epiglottis (ep-e-glot'tis). The lid-like structure covering the entrance into the larynx (upper windpipe),

Epiphora (e-pif-o-rah). An abnormal overflow of tears down the cheek, usually due to lachrymeal stricture.

Epispastic (ep-e-spas-tik). A congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the dorsum (back) of the penis. On the female, a fissure of the upper wall of the female urethra.

Epistaxis (ep-e-stax'is). Nose-bleed.

Epithelium (ep-ith-ele'um). The covering of the skin and mucous membrane consisting wholly of cells of varying form and arrangement.

Erethism (er'e-thizm). Excessive irritability or sensibility.

Erosion (er'o-zhun). An eating or gnawing away; a kind of ulceration.

Eructation (e-ruk-ta'shun). The act of casting up wind from the stomach; belching.

Eruption (erup'shun). A visible lesion on the skin due to disease and marked by redness, etc.

Errhine (er'rin). A medicine that promotes a nasal discharge.

Erysipelations (er-is-ip'el-a-shuns). Pertaining to or of the nature of erysipelas.

Eschar (e's-kar). A slough produced by burning or by a corrosive application.

Escharotic (es-kar-ot'ik). A caustic substance capable of producing a slough.

Esophagus (e-sof 'a-gus). Gullet, extends from pharynx to stomach.

Eustachian Tube (u-sta'ke-an). The bony cartilaginous canal that extends from the middle ear to the throat.

Evacuation (e-vak-u-a'shun). The act of emptying, especially of the bowels.

Evacuant (e-vak'u-ant). A medicine that causes the evacuation.

Exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba'shun). An increase in the symptoms of a disease.

Exanthema (ex-an-the'mah). An eruption upon the skin; An eruptive disease.

Excision (ex-sizh'on). The cutting out of a part.

Excitant (ek-si-tent). Stimulating.

Excoriated (ex-ko-re-ated). Any superficial loss of substance, such as that produced on the skin by scratching.

Excrement (eks-kre-ment). Fecal matter; matter cast out as waste from the body.

Excretion (eks-kre'shun). The discharge of waste products.

Excrescence (ex-kres'ens). An abnormal outgrowth upon the body.

Exfoliate (ex-fo-le-ate). A falling off in scales or layers.

Exhalation (cx-ha-la'shun). The giving off of matters in a vapor form.

Expectorate (ex-pec'to-rat). The act of coughing up and spitting out materials from the lungs and wind-pipe.

Expectorant (ex-pec-to'rant). A remedy that promotes or modifies expectoration.

Exostosis (cks-os'to-sis). A bony outgrowth from the surface of a bone or tooth.

Expiration (eks-pi-ra'shun). The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs.

Extravasation (eks-trav-as-a'shun). The passing of fluid (blood, etc.) outside of the cavity or part normally containing it.

Extremities (eks-trem'it-ies). Pertaining to an extremity or end.

Exudation (eks-u-da'shun). The passing out of serum or pus in or upon the tissues.

Facial (fa'shal). Pertaining to the face.

Facet (fa'set). A small plain surface on a bone or hard body.

Fauces (faw'sez). The passage from the mouth to the pharynx (throat).

Faeces. Same as feces.

Fecal (fa'kal). Pertaining to, or consisting of feces.

Fascia (fa'she-ah). A sheet or band of tissue which invests and connects the muscles, or the areolar tissue, forming layers beneath the skin or between muscles.

Farinaceous (far-in-a'se-us). Of the nature of flour or meal.

Febrifuge (feb'rif-ug). A remedy that allays fever.

Febrile (feb'ril). Feverish; pertaining to fever.

Femur (fe'mur). The thigh-bone. The bone from the hip to the knee.

[900 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Ferruginous (fer-ru'gin-us). Containing iron or iron-rust.

Fetid (fe'tid). Having a rank or foul smell. Fetor (fe'tor). Stench or offensive odor.

Fibrin (fib'rin). A whitish proteid from the blood and serous fluids of the body.

Filtration (fil-tra'shun). The passage of a liquid through a filter.

Fistula (fis'tu-lah). A narrow canal or tube left by the incomplete healing of abscesses or wounds and usually transmitting some fluid, either pus or the secretions or contents of some organ or body cavity.

Flaccid (flak'sid). Weak, lax and soft.

Flatulence (flat'u-lense). Distended with gas in stomach or bowels.

Flatus (fla'tus). Gas, especially in the stomach and bowels.

Flexible (flex'ib-l). That which may be bent without breaking.

Flocculent (flok'u-lent). Flaky, downy, or wooly.

Flooding (flud'ding). A copious bleeding from the womb.

Flush (flush). A redness of the face or neck.

Flux (flux). An excessive flow of any of the excretions of the body, especially feces.

Foetus (fe'tus). Same as fetus, The child in the womb after the end of third month, called embryo before that time.

Fomentations (fo-men-ta'shun). Treatment by warm and moist applications to a part to relieve pain or inflammation.

Formula (for'mu-lah). A prescribed method of preparing a medicine.

Fracture (frak'tur). The breaking of a part, especially of a bone.

Friction (frik'shun). The act of rubbing.

Fumigation (fu-mig-a'shun). Disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a vaporized disinfectant.

Fungus (fung'gus). Anyone of a class of vegetable organisms of a low order of development, including mushrooms, toadstools, moulds, etc.

Function (funk'shun). The normal, special or proper action or office of any part or organ.

Fundament (fun'da-ment). The foundation or base of a thing.

Fungous (fung'us). Of the nature or resembling a fungus.

Galvanization (gal-van-iz-a'shun). Treatment by galvanic electricity.

Ganglion (gang'le-on). Any mass of gray nervous substance that serves as a center of nervous influence.

Gangrene (gang'gren). The mortification or non-molecular death of a part.

Gargle (gar'gle). A solution used for rinsing the mouth and throat.

Gastric (gas'tric). Pertaining to the stomach.

Gestation (ges-ta-shun). Pregnancy.

Gelatinous (gel-at'in-us). Like jelly or softened gelatine.

Genital (gen'it-al). Pertaining to the organs of generation or reproduction.

Gland. An organ that separates any fluid from the blood; or an organ which secretes something essential to the system or excretes waste materials the retention of which would be injurious to the body.

Glottis (glot'is). The space between the vocal cords, together with the larynx, which is concerned in voice production.

Gluteus (glu-te'us). One of the large muscles of the buttock.

Glandular (glan'du-lar). Pertaining to the nature of a gland.

Granular (gran'u-lar). Made up of, or containing granules or grains.

Granulation (gran-u-la'shun). The formation in wounds of small rounded fleshy masses.

Grumous (gru'mus). Clotted. Lumpy.

Guttural (gut'tur-al). Pertaining to the throat.

Habit (hab'it). The tendency to repeat an action or condition.

Hallucination (hal-lu-sin-a'shun). Perception of an object, etc., which has no external existence, as by sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch.

Hectic (hek'tik). Associated with consumption and with septic poisoning. Due to absorption of toxic substances.

Hematemesis (hem-at-em'es-is). The vomiting of blood.

Hemorrhage (hem'-or-rej). Bleeding. An escape of blood from the vessels.

Hepatic (hep-at-ik). Pertaining to the liver.

Hereditary (her-ed'-it-a-re). Derived from ancestry or obtained by inheritance.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 901]

Heredity (he-red'-it-e). The inheritance of qualities or of diseases from a ncestry.

Hematuria (hem-at-u'-reah). The discharge of urine containing blood.

Hematosis (hem-at-o'sis). The process of the formation of blood; also its arterialization in the lungs.

Hemiplegia (hem-e-ple'jeah). Paralysis of one side of the body.

Hernia (her'neah). Rupture. Breach.

Hydragogue (hi'drag-og). A purgative that causes copious liquid discharges.

Hydrargyrum (hi-drar'gir-um). Mercury or quicksilver.

Hydrogen (hi'-dro-gcn). A light inflammable gaseous element, odorless and tasteless.

Hydrothorax (hi-dro-tho'rax). The presence of a serous fluid in the pleural cavity.

Hydrophobia (hi-dro-pho'bia). Acute infectious disease communicated to man by the bites of an animal suffering from rabies.

Hygiene (hi'-gen). The science of health and its preservation.

Hyperesthesia (hi-per-es-the'zeah). Excessive sensibility of the skin or of a special sense.

Hypochondrical (hi-po-kon'-dri-kal). Affected with hypochondriasis, morbid anxiety about the health.

Hymen (hi'men). The fold of mucous membrane that partially occludes the vaginal orifice.

Hypnotic (hip-not'-ik). Inducing sleep.

Hypertrophy (hi-per'tro-fe). An increase in the size of a tissue or organ independent of the general growth of the body.

Hypodermic (hi-po-der'mik). Applied or administered beneath the skin.

Hypogastrium (hi-po-gas'treum). The lower median anterior region of the abdomen.

Hysterical (his-ter'ikal). Pertaining to or affected by hysteria.

Ichor (ikor). An acrid thin puriform discharge. [transcriber's note: pus]

Idiopathic (id-eo-path'ik). Not dependent upon another disease or upon a known or recognized cause.

Idiosyncrasy (id-eo-sin'kras-e). A habit or quality of body or mind peculiar to any individual.

Ileum (il'-e-um). The tower portion of the small intestine terminating in the cecum.

Ileus (il'-e-us). Severe colic due to intestinal obstruction.

Iliac (il'-e-ak). Pertaining to the ilium or to the flanks.

Iliac Region. One of the regions into which the abdomen is divided. Flank region.

Illuminant (il-lu'min-ant). That which aids in lighting up a part, cavity or organ for inspection.

Impotence (im'-po-tens). Lack of power. Especially of sexual power in the man.

Imbecility (im-bes-il'-it-e). Feebleness of mind, congenital or acquired.

Immersion (im-mer'shun). The plunging of the body into a liquid.

Inanition (in-an-ish'un). Emptiness; wasting of the body from starvation.

Incontinence (in-kon'tin-ens). Inability to restrain natural discharges like the urine, feces, etc.

Incubation (in-ku-ba'shun). The period between the implanting of an infectious disease and its manifestation.

Incisor (in-sis'-or). Any one of the four front teeth of either jaw.

Incubus (in'-ku-bus). A heavy mental burden.

Indigenous (in-dij'-en-us). Native; originating or belonging to a certain locality or country.

Indigestible (in-dij-es'tibl). Not susceptible of digestion.

Indisposition (in'-dis-po-zish'-un). Slight illness.

Induration (in-du-ra'shun). Hardening. The process of hardening.

Infection (in-fek'-shun). The communication of disease from one person to another, whether by effluvia or by contact, mediate or immediate.

Infiltration (in-fil-tra'-shun). The accumulation in a tissue of substances not normal to it.

Inflammation (in-flam-ma'shun). A morbid condition characterized by pain, heat, redness and swelling, etc.

Infusion (in-fu'shun). Steeping; to extract the active principles of substance by means of water, but without boiling.

Ingestion (in-gcs'-shun). The act of taking food, etc., into the body.

Inguinal (in'gwin-al). Pertaining to the groin.

Injection (in-jek'-shun). The act of throwing a liquid into a part, such as the rectum or a blood vessel.

[902 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Inoculation (in-ok-u-la'shun). The insertion of a virus into a wound or abrasion in the skin in order to communicate the disease.

Inspiration (in-spi-ra'shun). The act of drawing air into the lungs.

Inspissation (in-spis-sa'shun). To make thick by evaporation or absorption of fluid.

Integument (in-teg'um-ent). The covering of the body; the skin.

Intercostal (in-ter-kas'tal). Situated between the ribs.

Intermittent (in-ter-mit'-ent). Occurring at intervals.

Intestines (in-tes'-tins). The bowels.

Ischuria (is-ku're-ah). Suppression or retention of the urine.

Joint. An articulation between two bones; more especially one which admits of more or less motion in one or both bones.

Jugular (ju'gu-lar). Pertaining to the neck.

Labia (la'beah). Two folds of skin, etc., of the female genital organs; lips.

Labium (la'-bi-um). A lip or lip-shaped.

Lacerated (las'er-a-ted). Torn; of the nature of a rent.

Laceration (las-er-a'shun). The act of tearing; a wound made by tearing.

Lactation (lak-ta'shun). Suckling. The period of the secretion of milk.

Lachyrmal (lak'ri-mal). Pertaining to the tears or to the organs secreting and conveying tears.

Lacinating (la'sin-a-ting). Tearing; darting or sharply cutting.

Lacteal (lak'-te-al). Pertaining to milk

Larynx (lar'inx). The organ of the voice, situated between the base of the tongue and the trachea.

Larva (lar'-vah). The first stage of the insect development after leaving the egg and in which the organism resembles a worm.

Laxative (lak'-sat-iv). Mildly cathartic. Loosening.

Laryngoscope (lar-in'-go-skop). A mirror attached to a long handle for examining the interior of the larynx.

Laryngotomy (lar-in-got'ome). The operation of cutting into the larynx (incising the larynx).

Lesion (le'zhun). An injury, wound or morbid structural change.

Lethargy (lith-ar-gi). A condition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot be overcome by the will; also a hypnotic trance.

Leucorrhea (lu-kor-re'-ah). A white, muco-purulent discharge from the vagina and womb, popularly called "the whites."

Ligature (lig'-at-ur). A thread or wire for tying a vessel, etc.

Ligament (lig'-am-ent). Any tough fibrous band which connects bones or supports viscera (internal organs).

Linctus (link'-tus). A thick syrupy medicament to be taken by licking.

Liniment (lin'-im-ent). Any oily preparation to be rubbed upon the skin.

Lithontriptic (lith-on-trip'-tik). An agent that dissolves renal stones.

Lithotomy (lith-ot'o-me). The removal of a stone by cutting into the bladder (cystotomy).

Lithotrity (lith-ot'ri-te). The crushing of a calculus (stone) within the bladder by a lithotrite (instrument).

Livid (li'vid.) Discolored from the effects of congestion or contusion.

Lochia (lo'keah). The discharge from the vagina that takes place during the first week after child-birth.

Lumbago (lum-ba'go). Neuralgia of the loins.

Lumbar (lum'bar). Pertaining to the loins.

Lymph (limf). A transparent slightly yellow liquid of alkaline reaction which fills the lymphatic vessels.

Lymphatic (limfat'-ic). Pertaining to or containing lymph.

Maceration (mas-er-a'shun). The softening of a solid by soaking.

Macula (mak'-u-lah). A stain or spot; especially one upon the skin not elevated above the surface.

Malaria (mah-la'riah). A fever disease, now known to be caused by a blood parasite.

Malarial (mal-a'real). Pertaining or due to malaria.

Malformation (mal-for-ma'shun). Deformity. An abnormal development or formation of a part of the body.

Malignant (mal-ig'nant). Bad. Threatening life.

Malleolus (mal-le'o-lus). A hammer-headed process of bone.

Mania (ma'ne-ah). A variety of insanity characterized by wild excitement, hallucinations, delusions and violent tendencies.

Mamma (mam-mah). The breast. Mammary gland.

Marrow (mar'o). The fatty substance contained in the medullary canal of long bones and in the interstices of the cancellous bone.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 903]

Mastication (mas-tik-a'shun). The chewing of food.

Maturation (mat-u-ra'shun). The formation of pus.

Matrix (ma'trix). The womb. The groundwork in which anything is cast.

Meatus (me-a'tus). A passage or opening.

Medulla Oblongata (med-ul-lah oblong-at'-a). An organ or ganglion of the brain which connects the spinal cord with the pons.

Menses (men'sez). Monthly flow from the womb.

Menstrual (men'stru-al). Pertaining to menstruation.

Menstruum (men'stru-urn). A solvent.

Metastasis (met-as'tas-is). The transfer of a diseased process from a primary focus to a distance by the conveyance of the causal agents through the blood vessels or lymph channels, like mumps from face to the scrotum.

Metatarsus (met-ah-tar'-sus). The bones of the foot--situated between the (instep) tarsus and toes.

Miasm (mi'asm). Anything harmful contaminating the air.

Micturition (mik-tu-rish'-un). The act of passing urine.

Midwife (mid'wif). A female nurse who attends women in childbirth.

Minim (min'-im). About a drop.

Mitral valves (mit'ral). The valves that control the opening from the left auricle to the left ventricle.

Morbid (mor'bid). Pertaining to disease or diseased parts.

Morbific (mor-bif 'ik). Producing disease.

Morbus (mor'bus). Disease.

Mucous Membrane (mu'kus). A membrane that secretes mucus.

Mortification (mor-tif-ik-a'shun). See gangrene.

Mucilage (mu-cil'ij). A solution of gum in water.

Mucus (mu'kus). A viscid liquid.

Narcotic (nar-kot'-ik). A drug that produces stupor.

Nausea (naw'sheah). Sickness at the stomach with an inclination to vomit.

Navel (n-a'vet). The umbilicus.

Nauseant. (naw'she-ant). Nauseating; producing nausea.

Necrosis (nek-ro'sis). The death of cells surrounded by living tissue.

Nephritic (nef-rit'-ik). Pertaining to nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys).

Nervine (nur'-vin). Acting upon the nerves.

Neuralgia (nu-ral'-jeah). Severe pain along a nerve without any demonstrable structural changes in the nerve.

Neurasthenia (nu-ras-then-iah). A group of symptoms resulting from debility or exhaustion of the nerve centers.

Nocturnal (nok'-tur-nal). Pertaining to the night.

Node (nod). A knob. Protuberance.

Normal (nor'-mal). Conforming to natural law or order.

Nostalgia (nos-tal'-je-ah). Homesickness.

Nostrum (nos'trum). A quack; secret medicine.

Nutritious (nu'trish'us). Nourishing.

Obtuse (ob-tus'). Dull.

Obesity (obes'it-e). An excessive development of fat.

Oedema (e-de'mah). An infiltration of serum in a part; watery swelling.

Obstetrics (ob-stet'-riks). Care of women during pregnancy, confinement and after.

Occipital (ok-sip'it-al). Pertaining to the back part of the head (occiput).

Olfactory Nerves (ol-fak'-to-re). Nerves of smell.

Omentum (o-men'tum). An apron. A fold of the peritoneum connecting the abdominal organs with the stomach.

Ophthalmia (off-thal'-meah). Inflammation of the eye.

Opiates (o'-pe-ats). A preparation of opium.

Optic (op'tik). Pertaining to vision or to the science of optics.

Optic nerve. Nerve of sight.

Orthopnea (or-thop-ne'ah). A condition marked by quick and labored breathing and relief is only had by remaining in an upright position.

Ossific (os-if '-ik). Producing bone.

Ossification (os'if-ik-a'shun). The formation of bone.

Ovary (o'var-e). One of a pair of glandular organs giving rise to ova (eggs).

Ovariotomy (o-va-re-ot'-o-me). Removal of an ovary.

Ovum (o'vum). An egg; the reproductive cell of an animal or vegetable.

[904 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Oxygen (oks'e-gen). A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas.

Palate (pal'-at). The roof of the mouth.

Palpitation (pal-pit-a'shun). A fluttering or throbbing, especially of the heart, of which a person is conscious.

Palliative (pal'-e-a-tiv). An agent that relieves or soothes the symptom of a disease without curing it.

Panacea (pan-a-se'ah). A cure-all.

Papilla (pap-il'-ah). A small nipple-like eminence.

Paracentesis (par'-ah-sen-te'-sis). Puncture of the wall of a cavity of the body, such as the chest, drum membrane, etc.

Paralytic (par-ah-lit'ik), Affected with paralysis.

Paralysis (par-al'-is-is). "Palsy." A loss of motion or of sensation in a part.

Paraplegia (par-ah-ple'jeah). Paralysis of the lower half of the body or of the lower extremities.

Parasite (par'ah-sit). An animal or vegetable living upon or within another organism, termed the host.

Paroxysm (par'oks-izm). The periodic increase or crisis in the progress of a disease.

Patella (pat-el'-ah). The knee cap.

Pathology (path-ol'-oje). The branch of medical science that treats of the modifications of functions and changes of structures caused by disease.

Pathognomonic (path-og-no-mon'ik). Characterized by a disease distinguishing it from other diseases.

Parturient (par-tu're-ent). Giving birth; being in labor.

Parturition (par-tu-rish'-un). The act of giving birth to young.

Pediculus (pe-dik'-u-lus). The louse.

Pelvis (pel'-vis). A basin or basin-shaped cavity. The bony ring formed by sacrum and coccyx and innominate bones.

Pepsin (pep'-sin). A ferment found in the gastric juice, and capable of digesting proteids in the presence of an acid.

Percussion (per-kush'-in). Striking upon a part to ascertain the condition of the underlying organs.

Pericardium (per-e-kar'de-um). The closed membranous sac enveloping the heart.

Pericarditis (per-e-kar'-di-tis). Inflammation of the pericardium.

Perineum (per-e-ne'um). That portion of the body included in the outlet of the pelvis, bounded in front by the pubic arch, behind by the coccyx, and ligaments and on the sides by the projections of the ichium.

Periodicity (pcr-e-o-dis'ite). Recurrence at regular intervals.

Periosteum (per-e-os'teum). Covering of parts of the bone except where the tendons and ligaments are attached to the joint surfaces.

Peristaltic (per-e-stal'tik). Pertaining to peristalsis, an wave-like motion seen in the tubes, like bowels, etc.

Perflation (per-fla-shun). To blow through.

Petechia (pet-e-keah). A small spot beneath the epidermis due to an effusion of blood.

Permeate (per'me-at). Passing throughout.

Permeable (per'me-able). Capable of affording passage.

Phagedenic (fag-ed-en'ick). Relating to phagedena, a rapidly spreading destructive ulceration of soft tissues.

Phalanges (fa-lan'ges). Plural of phalanx. Bones of the fingers or toes.

Pharynx (far'-inx), The throat.

Phlegmatic (fleg-mat'-ik). Indifferent, apathetic.

Phlebotomy (fleb-ot'o-me). Opening of a vein for blood letting.

Phlegmon (fleg'mun). An inflammation characterized by the spreading of a purulent or fibro-purulent exudate within the tissues.

Phthysical (tiz'ik-al). Pertaining to consumption (phthisis).

Physiognomy (fiz-e-og'no-me). The countenance.

Plethoric (pleth'o-rik). A state characterized by an excess of blood in the vessels and marked by a reddish color of the face, full pulse, etc.

Pleura (plu'rah). The serous membrane enveloping the lung and lining the inner surface of the chest cavity.

Pleurisy (plu'rise-e). Inflammation of the pleura (pleuritis).

Plexus (plex-us). A network, especially an aggregation of vessels or nerves forming an intricate network.

Polypus (pol'e-pus). A tumor having a pedicle, found especially on mucous membranes, as in the nose, etc.

Pregnancy (preg'nan-se). Woman with child; state of being pregnant.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 905]

Prescription (pre-skrip-shun). A formula written by a doctor to the druggist, designating substances to be administered.

Post-mortem (post-mor'tem). An examination of a body after death.

Potable (po'ta-bl). Drinkable.

Prognosis (prag-no'sis). A judgment in advance concerning the duration, course and termination of a disease.

Prophylactic (pro-fil-ak'tik). An agent that prevents the development of disease.

Prolapsus (pro-lap'sus). Falling downward.

Pruritus (pru-ri'tus). Intense itching.

Pseudo (sudo). A prefix meaning false.

Ptyalism (ti'-al-izm). Salivation.

Puberty (pu'ber-te). The period at which generative organs become capable of exercising the function of reproduction.

Purperal (pu-ur'per-al). Pertaining to, caused by, or following childbirth.

Pulmonary (pul'mon-are). Pertaining to the lungs.

Pulmonitis (pul-mon'itis). Inflammation of the lungs. Better term is pneumonia.

Pulp. The soft part of fruit.

Pungent (pun'jent). Acrid, penetrating, producing a painful of prickling sensation.

Purgative (pur'ga-tiv). A drug producing copious discharges from the bowels.

Purulent (pu'rul-ent). Having the character of or containing pus.

Pus (pus). A liquid inflammation product made up of cells (leukocytes) and a thin fluid called liquor pures.

Pustules (pus'tuls). Small circumscribed elevations of the skin containing pus.

Putrid (pu'trid). Rotten.

Putrefaction (putre-fak'shun). The decomposition of animal or vegetable matters effected largely by the agency of nucro-production of various solid, liquid and gaseous matters.

Pylorus (pi-lo'rus). The circular opening of the stomach into the duodenum.

Pyrosis (pir'os-is). Heartburn; a burning sensation in the gullet and stomach with sour eructation, due to acid dyspepsia.

Rectum (rek'tum). The lower part of the bowel (of the large intestine).

Recurrent (re'kur'ent). Returning.

Refrigerant (re-frig'er-ant). Coating, lessening fever.

Regimen (rej'im-en). The systematic regulation of the diet and habits for some special purpose.

Regurgitate (re-gur-je'-tat). Flowing back or against a normal direction.

Resolution (rez-o-lu'shun). The return of a part to a normal state after a pathologic (disease) process.

Resolvents (rez-ol'vent). An agent that causes resolution.

Respiration (res-pir-a'shun). The act or function of breathing; the act by which air is drawn in and expelled from the lungs, including inspiration and expiration.

Restorative (res-tor'a-tiv). Prompting a return to health or consciousness.

Resuscitation (re-sus-sit-a'shun). The bringing back to life of one apparently dead.

Retina (ret'in-ah). The delicate innermost tunic and perceptive structure of the eye, formed by the expansion of the optic nerve and covering the back part of the eye as far as the "ora serrata."

Revulsion (re-vul'shun). The diverting of disease from one part to another by the sudden withdrawal of the blood from the part.

Rheum (rum). Any watery or catarrhal discharge.

Rubefacient (ru-be-fa'shent). An agent that reddens the skin.

Rigor (rigor). The rigidity or stiffening which follows after death, due to congestion of the "muscle plasm."

Saccharine (sak'kar-in). Sugary; of a sweet taste.

Salvia (sal've-ah). Sage.

Salutary (sal'u-ta-re). Favorable to the preservation and restoration of health.

Sanative (san'at-iv). Promoting health; health.

Sanies (sa'ne-ez). A fetid, ichorous discharge from a wound or ulcer, containing serum, pus and blood.

Scab (scab). The crust of a superficial sore.

Sanitary (san'it-are). Promoting or pertaining to health.

Sanitation (san-it-a'shun). The establishment of conditions favorable to health.

Sanguine (sang-gwine). Abounding in blood. Ardent; hopeful.

Scarf-skin (scarf-skin). The epidermis.

[906 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Scirrhus (skir'rus). A hard cancer.

Sciatic (si-at'ik). Pertaining to the ischium (bone).

Scorbutic (skor-bu'tik). Pertaining to or affected by scurvy.

Scrotum (skro'tum). The pouch which contains the testicles and their accessory organs.

Scrofulous (skrof 'u-lous). Affected with or of the nature of scrofula.

Sebaceous (se-ba'shus). Pertaining to sebum or suet.

Sedative (sed'at-iv). A remedy that allays excitement.

Sedentary (sed'en-ta-re). Sitting habitually; of inactive habits.

Seminal (sem'in-al). Pertaining to seed or semen.

Serum (se'rum). The clear portion of any animal liquid separated from its more solid elements; especially the clear liquid which separates in the clotting of blood from the clot and the corpuscles.

Serous (si'rus). Pertaining to or resembling serum.

Semiflexion (sem-e-flek'shun). The position of a limb midway between bending and extension.

Senile (se'nil). Of or pertaining to old age.

Septic (sep'tik). Produced by or due to putrefaction.

Sialagogues (si-al'-ag-og). An agent that produces a flow of saliva.

Sinapism (sin'ap-izm). A mustard plaster.

Sinew (sin'yu). The tendon of a muscle.

Slough (sluf). A mass of dead tissue in or cast out from living tissue.

Sewerage (su'er-ej). Drainage.

Solution (so'lu'shun). A liquid containing dissolved matter.

Solvent (sol'vent). Capable of dissolving.

Sordes (sor'dez). The dark brown foul matter which collects on the lips and teeth in low fevers (typhoid, etc.).

Spasm (spazm). A sudden, violent, involuntary rigid contraction due to muscular contraction.

Speculum (spek'u-Ium). An instrument for dilating the opening of a passage or cavity of the body to view the interior.

Specific (spe-sif 'ik). A remedy especially indicated for any particular disease.

Sphincter (sfingk'ter). A ring-like muscle which closes a natural orifice.

Spinal Cord (spi'nal). The cord-like structure contained in the spinal canal.

Spleen (spleen). One of the so-called ductless glands.

Sporadic (spo-rad'ik). Occurring here and there, scattered.

Squamous (skwa'-mus). Scaly or plate-like.

Stertorous (ster'torus). Snoring. breathing.

Sternum (ster'num). Breast bone.

Stertor (ster'tor). Snoring or sonorous breathing, especially that of sleep or of coma.

Stethoscope (steth'o-skop). An instrument for ascertaining the condition of the organs of circulation and respiration.

Stimulant (stim'u-lant). Producing stimulation. Increasing the heart's action.

Stool (stool). The fecal discharge from the bowel.

Stomachic (stom'ak-ik). Pertaining to the stomach.

Strangury (stran-ju-re). Slow and painful discharge of the urine.

Stricture (strik-tur). Abnormal narrowing of a canal, duct or passage.

Strumous (stru'mus). Scrofulous.

Struma (stru'mah). Scrofula.

Stupor (stu-por). Partial or nearly complete unconsciousness.

Styptic (stip-tik). Astringent. To arrest hemorrhage by means of astringent quality.

Subcutaneous (sub-ku-ta'neus). Beneath the skin.

Submaxillary (sub-max'il-la-ri). Situated beneath the jaw.

Sudor (su'dor). Sweat or perspiration.

Sudorifics (sudor-if-iks). Sweaters.

Suppurate (sup'pu-rat). To produce pus.

Suture (su'tur). A surgical stitch or seam; an unmovable joint.

Symptom (simp'tom). Any evidence of disease or of a patient's condition.

Synocha (sin'-o-kah). A continued fever.

Syncope (sin'-co-pe). A swoon, fainting, or a faint. Sudden failure more or less of the heart's action.

Syphilis (sif'i1-is). A venereal disease (pox).

Syringe (sir'inj). All instrument for injecting liquids into any vessel or cavity.

Tepid (tep'id). Luke warm.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 907]

Tetanic (tet'an-ik). Pertaining to or of the nature of tetanus.

Tertian (tur'shan). Recurring every third day.

Tetanus (tet'an-us). An acute disease due to the bacillus tetani, in which there is a state of more or less persistent tonic spasm of some of the voluntary muscles.

Tibia (tib'eah). The inner bone of the leg (below the knee).

Therapeutics (ther-ap-u'tiks). The science and art of healing.

Thorax (tho'raks). The chest.

Testicles (tes'tik-kl). The two glands which produce semen.

Tendon (ten'don). A band of dense fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle and attaching the latter to a bone.

Tense (tens). Stretched.

Tension (ten'shun). The act of stretching.

Tincture (tink'tur). A solution of the medicine principle of a substance in a fluid other than water or glycerol.

Tonsils (ton'sils). Small almond-shaped masses between the pillars of the fauces on either side.

Torpid (tor'pid). Not acting with normal vigor and facility.

Torpor (tor'por). Sluggishness.

Tormina (tor'minah). Griping pains in the bowels.

Trachea (tra-ke-ah). The wind-pipe.

Tracheotomy (trake-ot'o-me.) The formation of an artificial opening into the trachea, cutting into the trachea.

Transpiration (tran-spi-ra'shun). The discharge of air, sweat or vapor through the skin.

Tubercles (tu'ber-kl). Any mass of small, rounded nodules produced by the bacillus of tuberculosis.

Transudation (trans'-u-da'tion). The passing of liquid through a membrane.

Tumefaction (tu-me-fak'-shun). A swelling. Puffiness.

Tumor (tu'mor). Morbid enlargement.

Tympanum (tim'pa-num). The middle ear.

Typhoid (ti'foid). Resembling typhus.

Typhus (ti'-fus). A contagious fever characterized by a petechial (spotted) eruption, high fever and great prostration.

Ulcer (ul'-ser). An open sore other than a wound.

Ulna (ul'nah). A bone of the forearm on the side opposite that of the thumb.

Urea (u-re'ah). A white, crystallizable substance from the urine, blood and lymph.

Ureter (u-re'-ter). The tube that conveys the urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Urethra (u-re'thra). A membranous canal extending from the bladder to the surface.

Urine (u'rin). The fluid secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder and discharged through the urethra.

Uric Acid (u'rik a'sid). One of the nitrogenous end products of metabolism, found in the urine and spleen.

Uterus (u'ter-us). The womb.

Uvula (u'vu-lah). The pendulum (tip) of the soft palate.

Vaccine (vak'sin). The virus used in vaccinating.

Variolus (va-ri'o-lus). Pertaining to or of the nature of smallpox.

Varicose (var'ik-os). Swollen, knotted and tortuous blood vessels.

Vagina (vaj-i'-nah). A sheath. The canal from the slit of the vulva.

Vaginismus (vaj-in-iz'-mus). Painful spasm of the vagina due to local oversensitiveness.

Valetudinarian (val'e-tu-din-a-re-an). A person of infirm or feeble habit of body.

Vascular (vas'ku-lar). Pertaining to or full of vessels.

Venery (ven'er-e). Sexual intercourse.

Venous (ve'nus). Of or pertaining to the veins.

Venesection (ven-a-sek'shun). The opening of a vein for the purpose of bleeding.

Ventilation (ven-til'a-shun). The act or process of supplying fresh air.

Vermifuge (ver'mif-uj). Having the power to expel worms.

Ventral (ven'-tral). Pertaining to the belly side.

Ventricle (ven'trik-l). Any small cavity.

Vertebra (ver'te-brah). Anyone of the thirty-three bones of the spinal column.

Vertigo (ver'tig-o). Giddiness; dizziness.

Virulent (vir'u-lent). Exceedingly noxious or deleterious.

[908 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Virus (vi'rus). Any animal poison; especially one produced by and capable of transmitting a disease.

Viscus (vis'-kus). Pl.-Viscera (vis'-er-a). Any large interior organ in either of two great cavities of the body, especially the abdomen.

Vesiccant (vis'ik-ant). Causing blisters.

Vesication (ves-ik-a'shun). The process of blistering.

Vesicle (ves'ik-al). A small sac containing fluid.

Veterinary (vet'-er-in-a-re). Pertaining to domestic animals and their diseases.

Vitreous Humor (vit'-re-us yu'-mor). The transparent jelly-like substance filling the posterior chamber of the eye.

Volatile (vol'-at-il). Tending to evaporate rapidly.

Vulnery (vul-ne-ra-re). Pertaining to or healing wounds.

Vulva (vul'-vah). The external fleshy part of the female organs of generation.

Whites (whitz). Leucorrhea or leukorrhea.

Zymotic (zi'mot'ik). Caused by or pertaining to zymosis.

Zymosis (zi-mo'sis). Fermentation. The propagation and development of an infectious disease known by the growth of bacteria and their products. Any infectious or contagious disease.

[MEDICAL INDEX 909]

MEDICAL INDEX INCLUDING PAGES 1 TO 682

Abortion (Herb Remedies) 413, 422, 444 Abortion (Accidents of Pregnancy) 524 Abscess 69 External Abscess 69 Mothers' Remedies 69 1. Beech Bark Poultice for 69 2. Milk and Salt Poultice for 69 3. More Good Poultices for 69 Abscess, Ano-Rectal 151 Abscess Around the Anus and Rectum 151 Abscess of the Brain 296 Abdominal Dropsy 135 Abscess, Hepatic 132 Abscess, Ischio-Rectal 151 Abscess of the Liver 132 Causes 132 Symptoms 132 Abscess 132 Recovery 132 Treatment 132 Diet in Liver Troubles 132 May Take 133 Must Not Take 133 Abscess of the Lungs 43 Causes 43 Symptoms 43 Physicians' Treatment 43 Accidents 376 Acne 63 Causes 64 Physicians' Treatment for Acne 54 Tincture of Nux Vomica 54 Calomel 54 Diet 54 Local Treatment 54 External Medication, Ointments and Lotions 54 1. Soothing Ointment 54 2. The Following Used as a Soothing Lotion 54 3. Dr. Duhring's Lotion 55 4. Kummerfield's Lotions 55 5. Stimulating Preparation's 55 6. Ointment of White Precipitate 55 7. The Following Hebra Lotion 55 Caution 55 Aconite, Poison by 401 Actinomycosis 234 Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis 307 Acute Bright's Disease 156 Acute Bronchitis 30 Acute Bronchitis, Diagnosis of 2 Acute Catarrhal Angiocholitis 128 Acute Catarrhal Conjunctivitis 349 Acute Congestion of the Kidneys 155 Acute Dyspepsia 100 Acute Gastritis 100 Acute General Peritonitis 133 Acute Indigestion 100 Acute Inflammation of the Kidneys 156 Acute Inflammation of the Smaller Bronchi and lungs 40 Acute Inflammation of the Stomach and Upper Bowel 111 Acute Laryngitis 24-26 Acute Melancholia 312 Acute Nasal Catarrh 10 Acute Nephriti 156 Acute Pharyngitis 21 Acute Pharyngeal Catarrh 21 Acute Pleurisy 41 Acute Rhinitis 10 Acne, Simple 53 Acute Tonsilitis 187 Acute Uraemia 156 Acute Yellow Atrophy 131 Addison's Disease 255 Causes 255 Symptoms 255 Treatment 256 Addison's Disease, Diagnosis of 1 Adenoids 8 Symptoms 8 Treatment 10 Adenoid Vegetation 8 Aestivo-Autumnal Fever 228 Agitans, Paralysis 291 Ague 229 Mothers' Remedies 229 1. Dogwood Good for 229 2. Menthol and Alcohol Effective Remedy for 229 3. Simple Remedy for 229 Ague, Chills and Fever (rare prescription) 467 Albuminuric Retinitis 355 Albumin Water 649 Alcoholism 371 Alcohol (Medical Use) 670 Alcohol, Poison by 401 Alcohol Sponge Bath 631 Anenoids, Operations for 663 All about Baby 544 Allen's World's Hair Restorer 465 Allopathy 660 Almond Milk 649 Alopecia 55 Alopecia Areata 56 Alum (Medical Use) 671 Amenorrhea 505 Amenorrhea (Herb Remedies) 418, 419, 420, 422, 424, 430, 442, 444, 446 Ammonia, Poison by 401 Anaemia 249 Causes 249 Symptoms 249 Treatment 250 1. Blaud's pills are very much used 250 2. Fowler's Solution of Arsenic 250 Diet 250 Anaemia, Diagnosis of 1 Anaemia, Pernicious 250 Anaemia, Secondary 251 Anaesthetica Lepra 240 Anatomy of the Nose 6 Anaemic Congestion 301 Diet 301 Medicines 301

[910 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Aneurism 845 Treatment 345 Angina Pectoris 344 Angina, Simple 21 Angiocholitis, Acute Catarrhal 128 Anidrosis 57 Treatment 57 Animal Parasites, Diseases Caused by 44 Anthrax 59, 230 Symptoms 231 Malignant Anthrax (Swelling) 231 Internal Anthrax 231 Charbon or Wool Sorter's Disease 231 Treatment 231 Ano-rectal Abscess 151 Anti-Constipation Pad 465 Antimony, Poison by 401 Anus, Diseases of the 136 Anus, Fistula in 152 Anus, Itching of the 143 Aortic Stenosis 343 Aortic Insufficiency 343 Symptoms 343 Aphasia 291 Varieties 291 Causes 291 Symptoms of the Motor Aphasia 291 Recovery 292 Treatment 292 Appendicitis 116 Symptoms 116 Local Signs 116 Recovery 117 Operations 117 Diet 117 Mothers' Remedies 117 1. Home Treatment found Good for 117 Physicians' Treatment 117 Caution 117 Appendicitis, Diagnosis of 1 Appendicitis, Operations for 663 Appetizer (Herb Remedy) 424 Apple Water 649 Apoplexy 292 Causes 292 Direct Causes 293 Symptoms 293 Subsequent Symptoms 293 What Can I Do at Once? 293 Mothers' Remedies 293 1. Simple yet Effective Remedy for 293 2. Simple Injection for 294 Medical Treatment 294 Caution 294 Arkansas, Hot Springs of 666 Arm, Plate of Bandage 386 Arrowroot Custard 647 Arrowroot Gruel 652 Arsenic, Poison by 402 Arsenical Poisoning, Chronic Case 402 Arteriosclerosis 345 Treatment 345 Arthritis, Rheumatic 314 Articular Rheumatism (Rheumatic Fever) 317 Arthritis, Gonorrheal 236 Ascariasis Lumbricoides 44 Ascites 135 Local Causes 135 General Causes 135 Symptoms 135 Physicians' Treatment 135 Ascites caused by an Ovarian Tumor 135 Asiatic Cholera 223 Asphyxiation, Gas 395 Aphthous Stomatitis 97 Asthma, Bronchial 37 Causes 37 Symptoms 37 Mothers' Remedies 37 1. Raspberry Tincture for Adults 37 2. Simple but Effective Remedy for 37 3. Lobelia Tea for 37 Physicians' Treatment for Asthma 38 1. Inhale Chloroform 38 To Prevent Recurrence 38 2. Vapo-Cresolene burned in a room 38 3. Tartar Emetic 38 Asthma, Bronchial, (Herb Remedies) 420, 426, 439, 442 Asthma, Hay 17 Asthma, Spasmodic 37 Asthma, Spasmodic (Herb Remedies) 427, 438 Ataxia Hereditary 306 Ataxia, Locomotor 305 Atrophic Leprosy 240 Atrophy, Acute yellow 131 Atropine, Poison by 402 Ayer's Cherry Pectoral 466 Ayer's Hair Vigor 466 Ayer's Sarsaparilla 467

BABY, ALL ABOUT (DEPT.) 544 (The following items are divisions and sub-divisions of the 400 questions and over in the Baby's Department.)

Adding other Food to Milk 586 All about Baby 544 Average Weight 547 Baby's Bed 562 Baby's First Meal 562 Baby's Second Summer 598 Band for Baby 552 Barley and Oatmeal Gruels 574 Bed Wetting 619 Bath 548 Bottle-Fed Babies 612 Bottle-Fed Baby, Special Monthly Rules for 571 Brain, Inflammation of 617 Bread, Crackers and Cheese 600 Bruises 621 Burns 621 Caked Breasts, Prevention of 566 Canker Sore Mouth 551 Cap for Baby's Ears 554 Cereals 600 Chafing 552 Circumcision 549 Clothing for Baby 553 Colds in Babies 620 Colic 608 Condensed Milk, How Shall I Use? 589 Constipation in Babies 611 Convulsions 542, 616 Cow's Milk 575 Cow's Milk, Modified 577 Cracked Nipples 566 Croup 27 Cry, How to Distinguish It 561 Cuts 621 Desserts 601 Diapers, Care of 552 Diarrhea (For Older Children) 611 Diet of Older Children-Fourth to Tenth Year 598 Dressing for Different Seasons, General 554 Drooling 554 Earache 610 Eggs 599 Enlarged Glands 619 Exercise 605 Eyes, Sore, Treatment of 549 Feeding During the Second year 595 Feeding Directions 592 Feeding Intervals 592

[MEDICAL INDEX 911]

Feeding and Nursing, Special Rules and Formula for Each Month 574 First Series of Formulas 581 Fly (Carrying Disease) 564 Food Healthy Infants, For Early Months 580 Food for Healthy Infants During the Latter Months 583 Foods for Special Conditions 588 Foreign Bodies in Throat, Ear or Nostrils 608 Fourth Series 588 Fruits 601 Genital Organs 549 Healthy Child Twelve Months, For 596 Hiccoughs 619 Hives 620 How to Lift a Child 606 Indigestion in Older Children 602 Infant Feeding 565 Inflammation of the Brain 617 Kissing 607 Loose Stools in Nursing Babies 569 Loss of Appetite 587 Malnutrition (Marasmus) 613 Meat and Fish 599 Milk and Cream 598 Milk and Cream, Care of 576 Mosquito Bites 564 Mouth, Care of 550 Mouth, Sore, Canker 551 Navel and Cord 549 Nervousness 607 Nipples, Cracked 566 Nursing 556, 565 Over-Feeding 587 Over-Nursing 587 Peptonized Milk 594 Permanent Teeth, Usual Order 619 Poisoning 621 Pregnancy (40 Questions and Answers) 544 Proprietary Foods 622 Regular Feeding 593 Rickets 614 Rocking Baby 604 Rubber Rings, or Ivory 560 Rules for Using Formulas 584 Rupture in a Baby 620 Scald Head 617 Scalp, Care of 550 Schedule for Three-Year-Old Child 597 Scurvy 615 Second Series of Formulas 581 Sickness, Early Signs of 621 Sleep 603 Soft Spot 548 Soothing Syrup, Overdose of 622 Sore Eyes, Treatment of 549 Sore Mouth, Canker 551 Special Care of the Baby 561 Splinters 621 Sprue 551 Sterilized Milk 593 Stools and Urine, Appearance of 547 Sugar, Kind to Use 578 Teeth 563 Teething 560, 618 Temperature 606 Third Series of Formulas 583 Thrush 551 Toys 607 Urine, Disappearance of 547 Ventilation and Airing 557 Weaning 569 Weighing Baby Frequently 558 Wardrobe, Baby's First 553 Washing Baby 547 Wounds 621 Baby's Second Summer 598 Bald Patches 56 Causes 57 Physician's Treatment 57 Local Treatment 57 Baldness 55 Causes 55 Mothers' Remedies 55 1.--Well Recommended for 55 2.--Vaselin and Quinine for 55 3.--Good Canadian Remedy for 55 Physicians' Treatment 55 1.--Dr. Schalek 56 2.--For Baldness 56 3.--For Baldness 56 4.--Ihle's Mixture 56 5.--Bulkley's Lotion 56 6.--Lassar's Ointment 56 Bandage of the Jaw, Plate of 380 For Fractures 381 Hospital Method, Plate of 394 Spiral Bandage of Foot, Plate of 384 Spiral Bandage of the Finger, Plate of 384 Borsch's Eye, Plate of 386 Spiral Reversed Bandage of Arm, Plate of 386 Barbers' Itch 87 Mothers' Remedies 87 1.--Standard Remedy for 87 2.--Healing Ointment for 88 3.--Reliable Remedy for 88 4.--Sulphur and Lard for 88 5.--Cuticura Ointment for 88 Physicians' Treatment 88 Barker's Bone and Nerve Liniment 467 Barley Gruel 652 Barley Water 647 Basedown Disease 260 Basilar Meningitis 210 Bathing in Polluted Waters 400 Baths 629 Beard, Ringworm of the 87 Bed Pan, How to Use a 641 Bed Sores, Prevention and Care of 628 Treatment, Preventive 628 Treatment of Sore Proper 629 Bed-Wetting 619 Belladonna, Poison by 402 Beri-Beri 230 Bites, Dog (Not Rabid) 377 Bites, Insect and Other 378 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 674 1.--Simple Remedy for 674 Bites, Mosquito 377 Bites, Snake 377 Big-Jaw 234 Alimentary Canal Type 234 In the Lungs 234 Symptoms 234 The Skin 234 Diagnosis 234 Treatment 235 Biliary Calculi 129 Bile Ducts, Cancer of the 130 Biliousness 125 Causes 125 Prevention 125 Diet 126 Mothers' Remedies 126 1.--Lemons for 126 2.--Salt and Water for 126 3.--Dandelion Tea for Chronic 126 4.--A Cheap and Very Safe Plan 126 5.--Salt Lemonade for 126 6.--Boneset Tea for 126 Physicians' Treatment 126 1.--Medicines 126 2.--Twenty Drops of Fluid Extract of Queen's Root 126 3.--The Following Combination 126 4.--For the Attack 127

[912 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Biliousness (Herb Remedies) 421 Blackheads 61 Symptoms 61 Causes 61 Mothers' Remedies 61 1.--Effective Yet Harmless Remedy for 61 2.--Alum Water for 62 3.--Cream of Tartar and Sulphur for 62 4.--Healing Cream for 62 Physicians' Treatment for Pimples 62 Local Treatment 62 1.--Precipitated Sulphur and Rosewater 62 2.--A Good Combination 62 Bladder, Inflammation of the 162 Bladder, Inflammation of (Herb Remedies) 419-429 Bladder Trouble 162 Mothers' Remedies 162 1.--English Oil of Sandalwood for 162 2.--Effective Herb Teas for 163 Treatment 163 Diet 163 Bladder Trouble (Herb Remedies) 417, 425, 432, 435, 441, 442, 444 Bleeders 254 Bleeding 394 Mothers' Remedies 394 1.--Unusual Way to Stop 394 2.--Cobwebs to Stop 394 3.--Powdered Alum and Hot Water Stops 394 4.--Salt and Flour Successful 394 5.--Boracic Acid Is Excellent for 394 6.--Tobacco Will Stop 395 Bleeding (Herb Remedies) 420 Bleeding After Delivery 540 Bleeding From the Nose 19 Bleeding from the Stomach 107 Causes 107 Symptoms 107 Physicians' Treatment 107 Caution 107 Bleeding from the Wind-pipe and Lungs 38 Symptoms 38 Quantity 38 Mothers' Remedies 39 1.--Salt Water for 39 2.--Herb Tea for 39 3.--Effective Remedy for 39 4.--Tannin and Sugar for 39 Physicians' Treatment for Bleeding from the Wind-pipe and Lungs 39 1.--First Thing to Do 39 2.--If Caused by the Coughing 39 3.--Alum for 39 4.--White Oak Bark Tea for 39 5.--Hot Water and Salt for 40 6.--Other Easily Obtained Remedies 40 Cautions 40 Thirst 40 Diet 40 Bleeding from the Wind-pipe and Lungs (Herb Remedies) 412, 446 Blepharitis Marginalis 348 Causes 348 Symptoms 348 Treatment 348 Local Treatment 348 Blister 92 Mothers' Remedies 92 1.--Linseed Oil for 92 2.--A Method of Raising a Blister 92 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 674 1.--White of Egg for 674 Blister Disease 79 Symptoms 79 Causes 79 Physicians' Treatment 79 Elixir Quinine, Iron and Strychnine 79 Local Treatment 79 Blistered Skin, to Dress 635 Blood and Ductless Glands, Diseases of 249 Blood and Liver Regulator (Rare Prescription) 460 Blotches and Pimples (Rare Prescription) 473 Blood Purifier (Herb Remedies) 437 Blood in the Urine 156 Causes 156 Treatment 156 Blue Stone, Poison by 402 Blue Vitriol, Poison by 402 Boil 68 Causes 68 Mothers' Remedies 68 1.--My Mother's Poultice for 68 2.--Soap and Sugar Poultice for 68 3.--Vinegar and Camphor for 68 4.--Bean Leaf Poultice for 68 5.--Another Remedy for 68 Physicians' Treatment for Boils 69 Boil (Herb Remedies) 431 Borax (Medical Use) 671 Boric Acid 626 Bottle-Fed Babies 612 Bowels, Bleeding from (Herb Remedies) 423 Bowels, Inflammation of 118 Bowels, Inflammation of (Herb Remedies) 413,439 Bow-Legs 370 Treatment 371 Brain, Concussion or Laceration of 302 Brain Diseases, General and Functional 280 Brain Hemorrhage 202 Brain, Softening of 298 Brain, Syphilis of 297 Causes 297 Symptoms 297 Symptoms When Arteries Are Diseased 298 How to Tell What the Disease Is 298 Recovery 298 Treatment 298 Brain, Tumors and Inflammation of 296 Bran Poultice 631 Brandy and Egg Mixture 649 Breakbone Fever 208 Breast, Broken Abscess 538 Breasts, Caked (Herb Remedies) 434, 443 Breast, Cancer of 335 Breasts, Care of 538 Breasts, Inflammation of 538 Breasts, Inflammation of (Herb Remedies) 434 Breathing, Difficult 339 Bright's Disease, Diagnosis of 1 Bright's Disease, Acute 156 Symptoms 157 Diagnosis 157 Recovery 157 Treatment 157 Diet and Nursing 157 Bowels, Attention to 157 Bright's Disease, Chronic 158 Causes 158 Conditions 158 Symptoms 158 Treatment; Diet 158 Brinkerhoff System of Treating Piles 468 Brodie's Liniment for Asthma 484 Bromidrosis 57 Bromototoxismus 374 Bronchial Asthma 37 Bronchial Asthma (Herb Remedies) 438 Bronchitis, Acute, Diagnosis of 2 Bronchitis, Acute (Herb Remedies) 420 Bronchitis, Acute 30 Causes 30 Symptoms 31 Mothers' Remedies 31 1.--Camphor and Lard for 31 2.--Grandmothers' Remedy for 31 3.--Antiphlogistine Plaster for 31

[MEDICAL INDEX 913]

4.--One of the Best Home Remedies 32 5.--Camphorated Oil and Steaming for 32 6.--General Relief for 32 7.--Lard Poultice for 32 8.--Mustard Plaster for 32 9.--Well-Known Remedy for 33 10.--Remedy and General Tonic for 33 Physicians' Treatment for 33 1.--Sweating Remedy for 33 2.--Steaming Remedy for 33 3.--Steaming With Pitcher 33 4.--Rub the Chest 33 5.--For Adults 34 Diet in Bronchitis (Similar to Laryngitis) 34 Bronchitis, Acute (Herb Remedies) 422, 426, 444 Bronchitis, Chronic 34 Causes 34 Symptoms 34 Physicians' Treatment 34 Preventive 34 1.--Ammonium Chloride 34 2.--Combination of Ammonium Chloride, Licorice and Water 34 3.--If the Cough Is Troublesome 34 Bronchitis, Chronic (Herb Remedies) 438 Bronchial Goitre 258 Bronchial Tubes, Inflammation of the 30 Brancho-Pneumonia 40 Causes 40 Symptoms 40 Secondary Cases 40 Prevention 40 Mothers' Remedies 41 1.--Herb Tea and Poultice for 41 2.--Home Remedy for 41 3.--Hot Vinegar Applications for 41 Physicians' Treatment 41 Diet 41 Bruises 621, 391 Mothers' Remedies 391 1.--Cold Water Prevents Coloring 391 2.--Kerosene Relieves the Pain of 391 3.--Turpentine to Keep Proud Flesh from 391 4.--Bread and Vinegar Quick Relief for 391 5.--Good Liniment for 391 6.--Liniment used in Ohio for 391 Physicians' Treatment for Bruises 391 1.--Tincture of Arnica 392 2.--Alcohol for 392 3.--Cold or Hot Water Applied With Cloths 392 4.--Raw Beefsteak (lean) is Excellent 392 5.--Lead and Landanum Wash 392 Bruises (Herb Remedies) 410, 429, 443, 446 Bubonic Plague 225 Bunions 95 Mothers' Remedies 95 1.--Remedy from Your Flower Garden 95 2.--A Cure for 95 3.--Iodine for 96 4.--Tested Remedy for 96 Physicians' Treatment 96 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 674 1.-Pulverized Saltpetre for 674 Burns 387,621 Causes 387 Burns 387 First Degree 387 Second Degree 387 Third Degree 387 Mothers' Remedies for Burns 387 1.--Linseed Oil for 387 2.--Common Soda 387 3.--Apply Crushed Onion Poultice for 387 4.--Molasses Takes Pain from 387 5.--Butter a Relief for 387 6.--Oil of Peppermint Draws Fire Out of 387 7.--Sweet Oil and Cotton Batting Relieves 381 8.--Vinegar Prevents Blistering from 387 For a Severe Case 390 For Third Degree Burns 390 Warm Baths 390 Burns from Acid 391 Burns from Alkali (Like Potash or Strong Ammonia) 391 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 674 1.--Lime Water and Sweet Oil for 674 2.--Charcoal for 674 3.--Grated Onion for 674 4.--Easily Prepared Remedy for 674 Burns (Herb Remedies) 429 Burns and Scalds (Rare Prescription) 466

Calculi, Biliary 129 Caisson Disease 304 Caked Breasts 566 Caked Breasts (Herb Remedies) 434, 443 California Liniment 470 Calculus, Renal 161 Calculi or Stones, Operation for 665 Callositas 58 Callosity 58 Causes 58 Symptoms 58 Physicians' Treatment 58 Calvus 58 Camphor (Medical Use) 671 Cancer of the Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts 130 Causes 130 Cancer of the Breast 335 Cancers, Operation for 664 Cancer 332 Cancer is curable if it be operated upon in its early stages 332 Have Operations Failed to Cure? 332 What is Cancer? 333 When to Suspect Cancer and What to Do 333 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 675 1.--Yellow Dock Root for 675 Cancer Paste 471 Cancer of the Stomach, Diagnosis of 2 Cancer of the Stomach 106, 334 Symptoms 106 Course 106 Physicians' Treatment 106 Diet 107 Cancer of the Uterus 334 Canker Sore Mouth 97, 551 Causes 97 Symptoms 97 Mothers' Remedies 98 1.--Raspberry Leaf for 98 2.--Oak Bark Tea for 98 3.--Boracic Acid for 98 4.--Canker Weed Tea for 98 5.--Honey and Borax for 98 6.--Wild Turnip for 98 7.--Alum for 98 8.--Borax Water for 98 9.--Common and Effective Remedy for 98 10.--Shoemaker Root and Borax for 98 Physicians' Treatment for Sore Mouth 99 1.--For Canker Sore Mouth 99 2.--Burnt Alum 99 3.--Nitrate of Silver 99 4.--A Wash of Sage Tea 99 5.--The Juice of a Ripe Tomato 99 Canker Sore Mouth (Herb Remedies) 410, 420 Capsicum and Belladonna Plasters 635 Carbolic Acid 625 Carbolic Acid, Poison by 403 Carbuncle 59 Symptoms 59 Causes 60

[914 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Mothers' Remedies 60 1.--Poppy Leaves to Draw and Ripen 60 2.--Slippery Elm and Sassafras Root for 60 3.--Sheep Sorrel Poultice for 60 4.--Bread and Milk Poultice for 60 5.--The Common Scabious for 60 6.--Snap Bean Poultice for 60 Physicians' Treatment 60 Local 60 Cardialgia 107 Care of Discharges (Excreta) 624 Care and Disinfection of an Infected Room 626 Care of the Room by the Nurse 626 Carter's Little Liver Pills 472 Castoria 472 Castor Oil (Medical Use) 671 Cataract, Operation for 663 Cataract 353 Senile Cataract 354 Symptoms of Senile (Old Age) Cataract 354 Course 354 Cataract, Senile 354 Catarrh 14 Causes 14 Symptoms and Course 14 Mothers' Remedies 14 1.--Successful Remedy for 14 2.--Cleansing Antiseptic Remedy for 14 3.--Witch Hazel for 14 4.--Cure for 15 5.--Mullein Leaves, Treatment for 15 6.--Milk and Salt Wash for 15 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 674 1.--Burnt Alum for 674 2.--Bad Case Cured by the Following 674 3.--Borax and Camphor for 675 4.--Pure Lard for 675 Physicians' Treatment for 15 Local 15 1.--Spray for 15 2.--Powders for 15 3.--Solution for 16 4.--Spray for 16 Catarrh (Herb Remedies) 431, 434 Catarrh, Acute Nasal 10 Catarrh Acute Pharyngeal 21 Catarrhal Angiocholitis, Acute 128 Catarrhal Headache 268 Catarrhal Jaundice 128 Catarrh of Long Standing 467 Catarrh Ointment (Rare Prescription) 468 Cathartic and Sure Cure for Constipation 468 Cathartic (Herb Remedy) 429 Cereals and Cereal Gruels 651 Cerebral Anemia 296 Cerebral Hemorrhage 292 Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis 209 Cervical Tuberculosis 212 Cervix, Diseases of 497 Cervix, Inflammation of 498 Cervix, Tear of 497 Chafing 552 Chamberlain's Colic, Cholera and Diarrhea Remedy 473 Chapped Hands and Face 93 Mothers' Remedies 93 1.--Quince Seed Cream for 93 2.--Soothing Lotion for 93 3.--Glycerin for 93 4.--Carbolic Salve for 93 5.--Glycerin and Lemon Juice for 93 6.--Camphor Ice for 93 7.--Remedy from a New York Lady 93 8.--Rose Cream for 93 9.--Preventive for 93 10.--From a Twin Falls, Idaho. Mother 93 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 676 1.--An Inexpensive Remedy for 676 Physicians' Treatment far Chapped Hands 94 1.--For Chapped Hands 94 2.--Powdered Camphor 94 3.--Ointment of Water of Roses 94 4.--Powdered Zinc Oxide 94 Charbon (Wool Sorter's Disease) 230 Cheese, Poison by 403 Chest, Cold in 30 Chestnut Puree 652 Chicken Broth 652 Chicken Broth 648 Chicken Pox, Diagnosis of 2 Chicken Pox 179 Mothers' Remedies 179 1.--Catnip Tea and Soda Water for 179 Physicians' Treatment 180 Chilblains 96 Mothers' Remedies 96 1.--A Cure for 96 2.--Witch-Hazel for 96 3.--Ointment for 96 4.--Vinegar Cure 96 5.--Home-Made Salve for 96 6.--Common Glue 96 7.--The Onion Cure for 97 8.--The Hemlock Remedy for 97 Physicians' Treatment for Chilblains 97 Internal 97 External 97 1.--Alum as a Wash 97 2.--Ointment of Ichthyol 97 3.--Rosin 97 4.--Lard and Iodine Ointment 97 5.--The Following Is Good 97 Childbirth 494 Child Crowing 26 Cause 27 Symptoms 27 Physicians' Treatment 27 Preventive 27 Cold Sponging 27 Chills and Fever 229 Mothers' Remedies 229 1.--Peruvian Bark and Rhubarb for 229 2.--Horseradish for 230 3.--Dogwood Known to Be Good for 230 Treatment 230 Choking (Foreign Bodies in the Larynx) 396 Mothers' Remedies 396 1.--Fish Bone to Stop 396 2.--Simple Remedy to Stop 396 3.--Pennyroyal Tea and Lard Relieves 396 4.--Grease and Meat Common Remedy for 396 In the Gullet (Foreign Bodies) 396 Chloasma 61 Chloral Habit 374 Chloride of Lime 625 Chloral, Poison by 403 Cholelithiasis 129 Chorea (Herb Remedies) 419, 427, 439 Cholera, Asiatic 223 Causes 223 Symptoms 223 Treatment 224 Cholera Infantum 112 Symptoms 112 Cautions 113 Mothers' Remedies 113 1.--Castor Oil and Warm Applications for 113 2.--First Thing to Do 113 3.--White of Egg and Cathartic for 113 4.--Olive or Sweet Oil for 113 5.--Spice and Whisky for 113 6.--Cabbage Leaf Poultice for 114 7.--Herb Remedy for 114 8.--Tomatoes Will Relieve 114 9.--Injection for 114

[MEDICAL INDEX 915]

Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 676 1.--Chickweed for 676 Diets and Drinks 114 Physicians' Treatment for Cholera Infantum 114 1.--Washing Out the Bowel 114 2.--For Vomiting 114 3.--Subcarbonate of Bismuth 114 4.--Castor Oil 115 5.--Mustard Poultice for 115 Cholera Morbus, Diagnosis of 2 Cholera Morbus 111 Symptoms 111 Mothers' Remedies 111 1.--Castor Oil for 111 2.--Blackberry Root and Boiled Milk for 111 3.--Blackberry Cordial for 111 4.--Tincture of Cayenne Pepper for 111 5.--Nutmeg and Jamaica Ginger for 111 6.--Home Remedy for 111 7.--Old Reliable Remedy for 112 8.--Common Remedy for 112 Physicians' Treatment for Cholera Morbus 112 1.--Heat 112 2.--Morphine by Hypodermic Method 112 3.--For Cholera Morbus 112 Cholera Morbus (Herb Remedies) 418 Chordee (Herb Remedies) 426 Choroid, The 347 Chlorosis (Herb Remedies) 444 Chronic Bright's Disease 158 Chronic Desquamative or Tubal Nephritis 158 Chronic Diffuse Nephritis 158 Chronic Dyspepsia 103 Chronic Gastritis 103 Chronic Inflammation of the Bladder 163 Chronic Indigestion 103 Chronic Melancholia 312 Chronic Inflammation of the Nose 14 Chronic Parenchymatous Nephritis 158 Chronic Rheumatism 321 Chronic Rheumatism (Herb Remedies) 414, 434, 435, 440 Chronic Rhinitis 14 Chronic Splenitis 256 Chronic Uraemia 156 Ciliary 347 Cinnamon Tea 647 Circulatory Disturbances of the Liver 131 Circulation, Poor, Alcohol Rub for 680 Circulatory System, Diseases of 337 Circumcision 509 Cirrhosis of the Kidneys 159 Cirrhosis of the Liver 131 Cleft Palate 368 Clitoris, The 491 Club Foot 371 Cocaine Habit 373 Colds 9, 632 Causes 10 Symptoms 10 Mothers' Remedies 10 1.--Borax for Cold Settled in Throat 10 2.--Valuable Caution and Treatment for 11 3.--Molasses-Vinegar Syrup for 11 4.--Quinine and Ginger for 11 5.--Boneset Tea for 11 6.--Cold or Threatened Consumption 11 7.--Rock Candy Syrup for 11 8.--Skunk's Oil for 11 9.--Lemons and Mustard for 11 10.--Hops or Catnip Poultice 12 11.--Honey for 12 12.--To Break Up at the Onset 12 13.--Mutton Tallow and Red Pepper for 12 14.--Lard and Turpentine for 12 15.--Milk and Cayenne as a Preventive 12 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 675 1.--Capsules for 675 2.--Mullein Remedy 675 3.--An Easily Prepared Remedy for 675 Physicians' Treatment for Colds 12 Preventive 12 1.--Camphor and Vaselin Mixed or Camphor and Cream 12 2.--Camphor Taken Internally 13 3.--Aconite 13 4.--The Following Is Good 13 5.--Lard and Camphorated Oil 13 6.--To Restore Loss of Voice 13 7.--Benzoin Teas for 13 8.--Herb Teas for 13 9.--Dr. Ball, a London, England, Specialist 13 10.--When the Disease Is Rather Marked 14 Colds (Herb Remedies) 414, 423, 426, 437, 440 Colds in Babies 619 Cold in Chest 30 Cold Compresses 332 Cold, June 17 Cold Pack, The 631 Cold, Rose 17 Colic 608 Colic in Infants 471 Colic, Intestinal 124 Causes 124 Symptoms 124 Physicians' Treatment 124 1.--For Colic 124 2.--Severe Case 124 3.--Tincture of Colocynth 124 Colic Intestinal (Herb Remedies) 416, 417, 418, 432, 441, 442, 445 Collapse 376 Comedones 61 Common Itch 81 Common Tables of Measure-Apothecaries' Weight 636 Concussion of the Brain 302 Concussion of the Spine 303 Condensed Milk, How Shall I Use? 589 Condiment (Herb Remedies) 43 Congestion of the Brain 295 Congestive Headache 269 Congestion of the Kidneys, Acute 155 Kidney 155 Treatment 155 Congestion of the Kidney, Chronic 155 Congestion of the Liver, Acute 131 Congestion of the Liver, Chronic 131 Conjunctivitis 349 Constipation 136, 471 Causes 136 1.--Mechanical Obstruction 136 2.--Defective Motion of the Bowels 136 3.--Deficient Bowel Secretions 136 4.--Other Causes-Mechanical Obstruction 136 Defective Worm-Like Bowel Movement 136 Deficiency of the Secretions 136 Sundry Causes 136 Symptoms 137 Fissure 137 Hemorrhoids 137 Prolapse 137 Proctitis 137 Neuralgia of the Rectum 137 Mothers' Remedies for Constipation 137 l.--A Good Substitute for Pills and Drugs 138 2.--Substitute for Castor Oil 138 3.--Hot Water for 138 4.--Excellent Nourishment for Old People 138 5.--Salt and Water for 138

[916 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

6.--Water Cure for 138 7.--Tonic and Standard Remedy for 138 8.--Glycerin and Witch-Hazel for 138 9.--Well-known Remedy for 138 10.--Effective Remedy in the Most Stubborn Cases of 139 11.--Remedy from a Mother at Lee, Mass 139 12.--Fruit and Hot Water Cure for 139 13.--Herb Tea for 139 14.--Purshiana Bark Tea Without an Equal 139 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 675 1.--Bran as a Cure for 675 2.--An Old Tried Remedy for 675 3.--An Effective Remedy for 675 4.--Juice from Prunes for (Baby) 675 Physicians' Treatment 139 1.--Stretching of the Sphincter 139 2.--Frequent Rectal and Abdominal Massage 139 3.--Copious Injection of Warm Water (in the beginning only) 139 4.--Applications of Electricity 139 Abdominal Massage (Kneading, Rubbing, etc.) 140 Copious Warm Water Injections 141 Electricity 141 Rules 141 Correction of Errors in Diet 142 May Take 142 Must Not Take 142 Drinks 142 Outdoor Exercise 143 Bathing 143 Clothing 143 Physicians' Treatment 143 1.--One Year to Three years 143 2.--Smaller Children 143 3.--Older Children 143 4.--Fluid Extract of Cascara Sagrada 143 5.--The Aromatic Cascara 143 6.--The Compound Licorice Powder 143 7.--Capsule Dose 143 Constipation (Herb Remedies) 421, 429, 432, 439 Constipation in Babies 609 Constipation, Headache From 270 Consumption 211 Consumption (Herb Remedies) 437 Contagion 166 Contents of the Medicine Chest 637 Continuous Malarial Fever 228 Contracted Kidney 159 Convalescent Diet 644 Convulsions 542 Convulsions (Herb Remedies) 420-439 Copper, Poison by 403 Cord, Traumatism of 303 Cornea, The 347 Cornea, Diagnosis of Ulcer of the 5 Cornea, Ulcer of 351 Cornmeal Gruel 652 Corns 58, 472 Cause 58 Mothers' Remedies 58 1.--One of the Surest Remedies 58 2.--Turpentine and Kerosene for 58 3.--To Remove 'Without Pain 58 4.--Onion a Cure for 58 5.--Castile Soap an Effective Remedy for 59 6.--Iodine a Successful Remedy for 59 7.--Castor Oil for 59 8.--Vinegar and Bread for 59 Physicians' Treatment for Corns 59 1.--For Corns 59 2.--A Good But Weaker Remedy 59 3.--When the Corns Are Soft 59 Ulcerating Corns 59 Corns (Herb Remedies) 416 Corrosive Sublimate or Bichloride of Mercury 625 Corrosive Sublimate, Poison by 403 Coryza 9 Cough of Long Standing, Syrup for 650 Coughs 34, 468 Causes 34 Mothers' Remedies 34 1.--Raspberry Tincture 34 2.--Honey and Vinegar for 35 3.--Excellent Syrup for 35 4.--Reliable Mixture in Severe Cases 35 5.--Mullein Leaf Tea for 35 6.--Lemon Juice and Sugar for 35 7.--Standard Remedy for 35 8.--Ipecac Syrup for 35 9.--Remedy for Adults (Not for Children) 36 10.--Very Simple Remedy for 36 11.--Glycerin, Brandy and Paregoric With Lemon 36 Physicians' Treatment for Coughs 36 1.--A Combination 36 2.--A Good Combination Is the Following 36 3.--A Prescription 36 4.--Another Prescription for 36 5.--Many Other Combinations Could Be Given 37 6.--Onion Syrup 37 Coughs (Herb Remedies) 419, 423, 426, 428, 431, 437, 438, 439 Cough, Diagnosis of Whooping 5 Cough, Whooping 180 Counter-Irritants 633 Counter-Irritants (Herb Remedies) 431 Cracked Nipples 566 Cracker Gruel 652 Cramps (Herb Remedies) 424-430-433-441 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 676 1.--Turpentine for 676 Cramp, Writers' 292 Cranial Nerves, Neuralgia Fifth Pair 265 Cream of Celery Soup 653 Creams, Face 94 Cream of Potato Soup 653 Cream Soup 647 Cream of Tartar (Medical Use) 673 Cream Toast 646 Cream of Tomato Soup 653 Criminal Abortion 494 Crooked Feet 370 Croup, Diagnosis of 2 Croup 27 Symptoms 27 Treatment-Preventive 27 Mothers' Remedies 27 1.--Cold Application for 27 2.--Sure Cure for 28 3.--Immediate Relief from Steaming 28 4.--For Baby and Older Child 28 5.--Remedy That Never Fails 28 6.--Coal Oil (Kerosene) and Sugar for 28 7.--Pork and Onion Poultice for 28 8.--Blood Root for 29 9.--Time Honored Remedy for 29 10.--Ipecac for 29 11.--Vaselin for 29 12.--Ice Application for 29 13.--Salt for 29 14.--Castor Oil Breaks Up 29 15.--Coal Oil, Turpentine and Snuff, a Canadian Remedy 29 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 676 1.--Quick Cure for 676 2.--Salt Water for 676 Physicians' Treatment for Croup 30 1.--Dr. Douglas says 30 2.--Place the Child in a Hot Bath 30

[MEDICAL INDEX 917]

3.--Dr. Hoit of New York Says 30 4.--The Home Treatment 30 5.--Goose Grease 30 6.--Steam Is Very Useful 30 Croup (Herb Remedies) 469, 474, 608 Croup, Spasmodic 27 Croup, Spasmodic (Herb Remedies) 423, 427, 431 Crowing Child 26 Crust, Coffee 647 Cupping, Wet and Dry 635 Currant Juice 649 Cuticura Ointment 474 Cuticura Resolvent 474 Cuts 392, 621 Cuts (Herb Remedies) 430 Cyst, Sebaceous 85 Cystitis 162 Cystitis (Herb Remedies) 411-419 Cystocele 514

Dandruff 83 Definition 83 Varieties 83 1.--Oily Seborrhoea 83 2.--Dry Sehorrhoea 83 3.--Mixed Type of Both 83 Causes 84 Local 84 Mothers' Remedies 84 1. Home Preparation from New York Mother 84 2. A Barber's Shampoo for 84 3. Lemon Juice for 84 4. A Brook, Ontario, Lady Prevents 84 5. Simple and Harmless 84 6. Talcum Powder an Excellent Remedy for 84 Physician's Treatment for Dandruff 84 Local 85 Remedies 85 1. For Dandruff 85 2. For Dandruff 85 3. A Good Combination 85 4. For Dandruff 85 Dangue 208 Symptoms 208 Physicians' Treatment 208 Deadly Night Shade, Poison by 403 Dead, How to Care for the 638 Deafness 307 Treatment 367 Mothers' Remedies 367 1. Quick and Effective Remedy for 367 2. Often Tried Remedy for 307 3. My Mother, in Galt, Found Good for 367 Deformities 369 Delirium Tremens 372 Symptoms 372 Treatment 372 Chronic Alcoholism 373 Mothers' Remedies 373 1. Effective as Cure for 373 Treatment 373 Delirium Tremens (Herb Remedies) 427, 439 Dementia 313 Primary Dementia 313 Secondary Dementia 313 Senile (old age) Dementia may be primary 313 Chronic Dementia 313 Dermatitis 62 Deviation of the Nasal Septum 19 Causes 19 Physicians' Treatment 19 Diabetes, Diagnosis of 2 Diabetes, Insipidus 330 Causes 330 Symptoms 330 Treatment 330 Diabetes, Mellitus 328 Causes 328 Symptoms 328 Recovery 329 Treatment, Preventive 329 Diet 329 The following is a list of articles which a Diabetes patient may take 329 Must Not Take 330 Medicines, Codeine 330 Diabetic Bread 648 Diagnosis, Mothers' 1 Diarrhea 108 Causes 108 Symptoms 108 Mothers' Remedies 108 1. Wild Sage Tea for 108 2. Egg and Nutmeg for 108 3. Scorched Flour and Sugar for 108 4. Excellent Compound for 108 5. Spice Poultice for 108 6. Blackberry Tea for 108 7. Hot Milk for 109 8. Castor Oil for 109 9. Former Canadian's Remedy for 109 10. A Goderich Lady found this good 109 11. Inexpensive Remedy for 109 12. Fern Root Good to Relieve 109 13. Milk and Pepper a Common Remedy for 109 Physicians' Treatment for 109 1. Rest in Bed 109 2. Dose of Castor Oil for 109 3. For Children an Infusion of pathweed 109 4. For Infants an Infusion of Chamomile 109 5. Another for Infants 110 6. Ginger is Frequently of Good Service 110 7. Infants of Six Months 110 Diet in Diarrhea from the Head Nurse of a Large Hospital 110 May Take 110 Must Not Take 110 Infants 110 Diarrhea (Herb Remedies) 410, 411, 412, 413, 417, 418, 420, 422, 424, 429, 431, 434, 439, 442, 443 Diarrhea (Older Children) 613 Diarrhea, Flux and Dysentery (Rare Prescription) 472 Diet 643 Diet in Older Children, fourth to tenth year 598 Diet in Debility sent us from one of our Leading Hospitals May Take 646 Soups, Fish, Meats, Eggs, Farinaceous 646 Vegetables, Desserts, Drinks, must not take 646 Diets in Fevers--Furnished us by a Trained Nurse in a Hospital May Take 645 Foods, Drinks--Must Not Take 645 DIGESTIVE ORGANS, DISEASES OF 97 Diphtheria, Diagnosis of 2 Diphtheria, Diagnosis between Acute Tonsilitis and 188 Causes 184 Symptoms 184 Pharyngeal Diphtheria 184 Laryngeal Diphtheria (formerly called Membraneous Croup) 184 Diagnosis of 185 Recovery 185 Mothers' Remedies 185 1. Cure and Preventive for 185 2. Kerosene for 185 3. Hops and Hot Water Relieves 185 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 676 1. A Marine City Mother Gives the Following Cure for 676 Physicians' Treatment 185 Local Treatment 186

[918 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

When in the Larynx 186 Diet 186 Cautions 186 Diphtheria, Laryngeal 184 Diphtheria, Pharyngeal 184 Dishes for the Sick Room 646 Diseases of Women, Causes of 493 Disinfectants 625 Disinfection 824 Dislocations 379 General Causes 379 General Symptoms 379 General Treatment 379 Dislocation, Finger or Thumb 380 Dislocation of the Jaw 379 Treatment 380 Dislocation of the Shoulder Joint 380 Divergent, Squint 356 Dog Bites (Not Rabid) 377 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 676 1. Home Treatment for 676 Dose for the Children, How to Determine 636 Dose in Drops for Different Ages 636 Rule usually followed 636 Douches 641 Drink, Bland after Poisoning 438 Drooling 554 Dropsy 165 From Heart Disease 165 Mothers' Remedies 165 1. Juniper Berries for 165 2. Wild Milkweed for 165 3. White Bay Buds 165 4. Canada Thistle for 165 5. Very Effective Remedy for 165 6. Common Herb Remedy for 165 7. Queen of the Meadow 166 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 677 1. Chestnut Leaves for 667 Physicians' Treatment for Dropsy 166 Dropsy (Herb Remedies) 416, 426, 429, 432, 438, 440 Dropsy, Abdominal 135 Drowned Persons, How to Find 400 Drowning, How to Keep from 399 Drowned, Treatment of 397 Drunkenness 676 Chocolate for 676 Dry Cupping 635 Dry Salt Bath Sent us with Mothers' Remedies 630 Dry Tetter 63 Ductless Glands 249 Duodenum, Ulcer of the Stomach and 106 Dyspepsia, Diagnosis of Acute 2 Dyspepsia, Acute 100 Causes 100 Symptoms--In Mild Cases 100 Severe Cases 100 Mothers' Remedies 100 1. Mustard and Molasses for 100 2. Wormwood Tea for 100 3. Dry Salt for 100 4. Chicken Gizzard Skin for 101 5. An Excellent Tonic for 101 6. Fruit Diet for 101 7. Hickory Ashes for 101 8. Salt and Water for 101 9. Slippery Elm for 101 10. Cold Water for 101 11. Hot Water for 101 12. Yolk of Egg and Salt for 101 13. Lemon Remedy for 101 14. Hops Excellent for 102 15. Tested Remedy for 102 16. Chamomile Tonic for Aged Persons and Children 102 Physicians' Treatment in Severe Forms 102 Diet 103 May Take 103 Must Not Take 103 Dyspepsia, Acute (Herb Remedies), 411, 417, 421, 425, 445, 446 Dyspepsia, Chronic 103 Causes 103 Symptoms 103 Mothers' Remedies 104 1. Spice Poultice for 104 2. Oil of Hemlock for 104 3. Ginger and Soda for 104 4. Oil of Peppermint for 104 5. Mustard Poultice and Eggs for 104 6. Hot Plate for 104 Physicians' Treatment for Chronic Gastritis 104 Diet 105 Cautions 105 Home Treatment 105 1. Drink Cold Water 105 2. Do Not Eat Much Meat 105 3. If the Stomach Wants Tone 105 4. Charcoal in Small Doses 105 5. If a Bitter Tonic is Needed 105 Dyspepsia, Chronic (Herb Remedies) 423, 424, 445 Dyspepsia, Nervous 105 Dyspepsia, Tonic 473 Dysentery, Diagnosis of 2 Dysentery 226 Acute Catarrhal Dysentery 226 Symptoms 226 Mothers' Remedies 226 1. Sweet Cream for 226 2. One Ounce Dewberry Root for 226 3. Colts Tail Remedy for 227 4. Sugar and Brandy for 227 5. Herb Remedy for 227 6. New Method to Cure 227 7. Starch Injection for 227 8. To Cure Bloody 227 Physicians' Treatment 227 1. Remain in Bed 227 2. Bismuth Subnitrate 227 3. Irrigation of the Colon 227 4. Ipecac 227 Nursing and Diet 228 Dysentery (Herb Remedies) 411, 420, 422, 424, 429, 432, 434, 439, 442, 446 Dysmenorrhea 507 Dysmenorrhea (Herb Remedies) 417, 419, 420, 422, 423, 428, 435, 443, 444 Ear, Diseases of 358 Membrana Tympani 358 Membrana Tympani (the Drum) Membrane 358 The Tympanum or Middle Ear 358 The Eustachian Tube 359 Ear, Diseases of (Herb Remedies) 410 Earache, Diagnosis of 3 Earache 367, 610 Treatment 368 Mothers' Remedies for Earache 368 1. Hot Raisin for 368 2. Flax and Cornmeal for 368 3. Soothing Home Remedy for. 368 4. Horse Radish Leaves for 368 5. Onion Sure Cure for 368 6. Temporary Relief for 368 7. Sweet Oil and Pepper for 368 8. Steaming with Hot Water for 368 9. Castor Oil for 369 10. Fresh Warm Milk for 369 Earache (Herb Remedies) 431 Earache (Rare Prescription) 470 Ear (aural) Douche 641 Ear, Things in 395

[MEDICAL INDEX 919]

Eclampsia 542 Eclecticism 661 Electrically Shocked 397, 400 Eczema 63 Definition 63 Varieties 63 Symptoms 63 Eczema Vesiculosum (Vesicular Eczema) 63 Eczema Pustulosum (Pustules) Pustular Kind 63 Eczema Papulosum (Papular Variety) 63 Eczema Rubrum (Red) 64 Eczema Squamosis (Scaling) 64 Recovery 64 Causes 64 Mothers' Remedies 64 1. Lemon or Vinegar for 64 2. Olive Oil and Powder for 64 3. Herb Tea for 64 4. Potato and Camphor for 64 5. Sulphur and Lard for 64 6. Burdock Tea a Standard Remedy for 64 7. Blood Purifier for 65 8. Reliable Remedy for 65 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 677 1. Lard and Sulphur for 677 2. Gasoline for 677 Physicians' Treatment 65 In Chronic Sluggish Cases 65 Local Treatment 65 1. Black Wash 65 2. Lead and Laudanum Wash 65 3. A Solution of Boric Acid 65 4. Soothing Application for 65 5. Dusting Powders 66 6. Oxide of Zinc 66 7. McCall Anderson's Ointment 66 The Black Wash Should be Used 66 8. Pastes 66 9. For the Itching 66 External Treatment of Chronic Cases 66 1. Tincture of Green Soap 66 2. Tar 66 3. Salicylic Acid 66 4. Dr. Schalek Uses 66 Glycoge1atin Dressing 67 Special Varieties of Eczema and what to do for them 67 Eczema of Children 67 Physicians' Treatment for Eczema 67 Eczema of the Scalp, Milk Crust 67 Eczema of the Face 67 Eczema of the Scrotum 67 Eczema of the Hands in Adults 67 Diet in Eczema 67 Eczema (Herb Remedies) 416 Edward's Alterative and Tonic Bitters 487 Egg Broth 649 Eggnog, Cold 649 Egg Cordial 649 Eggs, Dainty Way to Serve on Toast 648 Egg Gruel 648 Eggnog, Hot 649 Ely's Cream Balm 474 Emetic 431 Emphysema 43 EMERGENCIES, ACCIDENTS AND POISONS 376 Endocarditis 341 Simple Kind, Cause 341 Symptoms 341 Treatment 341 Diet 341 Caution 341 Endocarditis, Chronic 342 Endometritis 498 Endometritis, Putrid 500 Endometritis, Septic Puerperal 499 Enemata 638 A High 638 A Low 639 Directions 639 Position 639 Amount 639 What Material 639 Syringe 639 Enemata, Astringent 641 Enema, Laxative for Infants and Children 639 Formula No. 1 640 Formula No. 2 640 3. Molasses and Laxative Enema 640 Enemata, Nutritive 640 Formula No. 1 640 Formula No. 2 640 Enemata, Stimulating No.1, Black Coffee 641 Enemata, Salt No. 2 641 Enemata, Turpentine 641 Enlarged Glands 619 Enlarged Nail 77 Treatment 77 Inflammation of the Nail 78 Enteralgia 124 Epilepsy 288 Causes 288 Symptoms 288 Characteristic Paroxysm of Major Attacks 288 Clonic Spasm Stage 289 The Minor Attack or "Petit Mal" 289 Recovery 289 Physicians' Treatment 290 What to do during the Attack 290 Preventives and General Treatment 290 Diet 290 Causes 290 Medicines 290 Caution 290 Epithelial Cancer 335 Eruptions (Herb Remedies) 442 Erysipelas, Diagnosis of 3 Causes 220 Symptoms 220 Mothers' Remedies 221 1. Slippery Elm Bark for 221 2. Bean Poultices for 221 3. Soda Wash for 221 4. Easy Remedy for 221 5. Copperas Liniment for 221 6. Cranberry Poultice for 221 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 677 1. Antiseptic Wash for 677 Physicians' Treatment for Erysipelas 221 1. Local Treatment 221 2. Paint thoroughly with Tincture of Iodine 222 3. The following is a splendid application 222 4. Tincture of Chloride of Iron 222 Diet 222 Nursing 222 Erysipelas (Herb Remedies) 420, 422, 428, 432 Erythema Pernio 96 Excessive Sweating 75 Exophthalmic Goitre 260 Causes 260 Symptoms Acute Cases 260 Chronic Cases 260 Treatment 260 Expectorants (Herb Remedies) 434, 444 External Applications 631 EYE AND EAR, Diseases of 346 Eye, Bandage of 386 Eyelids, Sore (Herb Remedies) 434 Eyes, Sore (Baby's) 549

Face Creams 94 Mothers' Preparations 94 1. Cream of Pond Lilies 94

[920 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

2. When facing our North Winds in Canada 94 3. Lanolin Cream for 94 4. Cucumber Lotion 94 5. Almond Lotion to Whiten and Soften the Skin 95 6. The Cold Ontario Wind Harmless When using this 95 Facial Neuralgia 265 Fainting 376 Falls 396 Falling of the Bowel 137 Falling of the Bowel (Herb Remedies) 410 Falling Sickness 288 Fallopian Tubes, Diseases of 502 Fallopian Tubes, Inflammation of 502 False Leukaemia 252 Fatty Heart 344 Fattiness 330 Fattiness (Herb Remedies) 434 Fibromata 501 Film on the Eye 352 Filth Disease 200 Finger and Thumb Dislocation 380 Fire in Clothing 396 Fistula in Anus 152 Physicians' Treatment 152 Fish Bone in Throat 677 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassifed) 677 1. Choking from 677 Fits 395 Fitting Glasses 355 Feeding During the Second Year 595 Fellow's Hypophosphites 475 Felon 69 How to open the Felon 70 If in the Palm 70 Felon, Superficial 70 Mothers' Remedies 70 1. A Cure if Taken in Time 70 2. Treatment until Time to Lance 70 3. Strong Remedy for 70 4. Lemon to Draw Inflammation from 70 5. Hot Water Cure for 70 6. Soap and Cornmeal Poultice for 70 7. Smartweed Poultice for 71 8. Hot Application for 71 9. An Old Tried Remedy for 71 10. Turpentine Cure for 71 11. Weak Lye Application for 71 12. Rock Salt and Turpentine for 71 Physicians' Treatment for Superficial Felon 71 1. Some Hold the Finger in Hot Lye 71 2. Yolk of Egg and Salt 71 3. The Membrane of Egg Shell 71 Felon, Superficial (Herb Remedies) 434 Female Regulator (Rare Prescription) 474 Fever, Aestivo-Autumnal 228 Fever, Breakbone 208 Fever Cases and to Disguise the Taste of Bad Medicines- Syrup of Lemons for 650 Fever, Continuous Malarial 228 Fever Drinks 648 Fever, Hay 17 Fever, Intermittent Malarial 228 Fever, Malarial, Diagnosis of 3 Fever, Malaria 228 Fever, Malaria (Herb Remedies) 414 Fever, Malta 230 Fever, Pernicious Malarial 229 Fever, For (Rare Prescription) 474 Fever, Remittent 228 Fever, Rheumatic, Diagnosis of 4 Fever, Rheumatic 317 Fever, Scarlet, Diagnosis of 5 Fever, Scarlet 167 Fever, Scarlet (Herb Remedies) 428 Fever, Spotted, Diagnosis of 4 Foul Sweating 57 Fever, Typhoid, Diagnosis of 5 Fever, Typhoid 195 Fever, Typhus 200 Fever, Yellow 224 Flatulency (Herb Remedies) 424, 432, 442 Flaxseed Tea 650 Flesh Worms 61 Floating Kidney 154 Flux (Rare Prescription) 474 Fomentations 634 Foods and Drinks for the Sick Room 633 Foods for different meals for those who can eat but do not have much appetite 645 Breakfast, Dinner, Supper 645 Foods that may be taken together 645 Food for Healthy Infants 583 Food, the kind of 643 Food Poisoning 374 Foods, Spoiled, Poison by 407 Foods that should not be taken together 645 Follicular Tonsilitis, Diagnosis of 5 Foot Baths in Bed 629 Forearm, Bandage for 381 Foreign Bodies in the Gullet 396 Foreign Bodies in the Larynx 396 Foreign Bodies in the Throat, Ear or Nostril 608 Fowler's Solution, Poison by 404 Fractures 380 Fractures, Bandage far 381 Freckles 75 Causes 75 Mothers' Remedies 75 1. Buttermilk for 75 2. To Remove 75 3. Alcohol and Lemon Juice for 75 4. Excellent Lotion for 76 5. Borax Water for 76 6. Canadian Remedy for 76 Physicians' Treatment for Freckles 76 Friedrich's Disease 306 Frost Bites 95 Mothers' Remedies 95 1. Remedy from Northern New York 95 2. Roasted Turnips for 95 Fruit Juices, How to Albuminize 644 Functional Brain Disease 280 Furunculus (Furuncle) 68

Gall Bladder, Cancer of 130 Gall Stones, Diagnosis of 3 Gall Stones 129 Gangrene 91 Dry Gangrene 91 Mothers' Remedies 91 1. Remedy from New York 91 Physicians' Treatment 92 Moist Gangrene 92 Causes 92 Physicians' Treatment for Moist Gangrene 92 Gangrenous Stomatitis 99 Causes 99 Symptoms 99 Treatment 99 Salivation 99 Chlorate of Potash Solution, Soda Solutions 100 Boracic Acid Solutions 100 Gas from Wells, Cisterns, Mines, etc 395 Treatment 395 Gastralgia 107 Gastric Headache 270 Gastritis, Acute 100 Gastritis, Chronic 103 Gastrodynia 107 General Brain Diseases 280 General Paralysis of the Insane 298 General Paresis 298, 314 Softening of the Brain 298 Symptoms 298, 314 Treatment 299, 314

[MEDICAL INDEX 921]

General Tonic 475 General Tonic (Herb Remedies) 424, 428, 432, 435, 444, 445 Genital Organs, Female, Anatomy of 490 Genuine White Oil Liniment 476 Genu Valgum 370 Genu Varum 370 German Measles 179 Germicides 625 Germs, The 625 Gin Drinkers' Liver 131 Ginger (Medical Use) 672 Glanders 233 Causes 233 Symptoms 233 1. Acute Glanders 233 2. Chronic Glanders 233 3. Acute Farcy 233 Treatment of Glanders 233 Glands of Bartholin, The 491 Gland, Thyroid, Diseases of 258 Glasses, Fitting 355 Gleet (Herb Remedies} 435, 438 Glottis, Oedema of the 26 Glottis, Spasm of the 26 Glottis, Swelling of the 26 Symptoms 26 Gluten Gruel 652 Goitre (Bronchial) 258 Causes 258 Symptoms 258 Recovery 258 Mothers' Remedies 258 1. Three Ingredient Remedy for 258 2. Simple Remedy for 259 3. Inexpensive Remedy for 259 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified} 677 1. A Good Remedy for 677 2. Iodine for 677 Physicians' Treatment 259 1. Locally Tincture of Iodine 259 2. Use the Comp, tincture of Iodide 259 Externally 259 3. An Ointment 259 4. Other Medical Remedies 259 5. Colorless Iodine 259 6. This is Very Good 259 Goitre, Exophthalmic 260 Gonorrhea 235 Gonorrhea (Herb Remedies) 411, 413, 417, 425, 429, 432, 438, 442 Gonorrheal Rheumatism 236 Inflammation of the Joints 236 Symptoms 236 Treatment 236 Good Samaritan Liniment 476 Gout 315 Causes 315 Symptoms, Acute Type 315 Retrocedent Gout 316 Chronic Gout--Causes, etc 316 Treatment, Preventive 316 Diet in Gout 316 Dr. Osler of England says 316 Diet from a Prominent Hospital for Gout Patient 317 May Take 317 Must Not Take 317 Treatment 317 Dr. Hare of Philadelphia says 317 Gout (Herb Remedies) 435, 442 Grandmother's Own Cough Remedy 476 Grape Juice 650 Gravel (Herb Remedies) 424, 438, 441, 442 Green Mountain Salve 477 Gruel, Farina 652 Gunn's Rheumatic Liniment 478

Haematuria 156

Haematuria (Herb Remedies) 419, 432 Haemorrhagic, Purpura 253 Haemophilia 254 Causes 254 Condition 254 Symptoms 254 Treatment 254 Hair's, Dr. B. W. Cure 478 Haines's Golden Specific for Opium Habit 478 Hall's Hair Renewer 479 Hamburg Breast Tea 488 Hamburg Drops 479 Hamlin's Wizard Oil 480 Hard Liver 131 Hare Lip 369 Symptoms 369 Operations 369 Harter's Wild Cherry Bitters 487 Hay Asthma 17 Hay Fever 17 Causes 17 Symptoms 17 Mothers' Remedies 17 1. Quick Relief from 17 2. Remedy Worth Trying 17 3. Our Canadian Remedy for 18 4. Medicine that Helps 18 Physicians' Treatment for Hay Fever 18 1. The following gives relief from 18 2. Pill Blennostasin 18 3. The following solution gives temporary Relief 18 4. After using the above Spray 18 5. In Some Cases 18 6. Dr. Ball of London gives the following 18 7. Another from Dr. Ball 18 Headache 268 Sick Headache 268 Nervous Headache 208 Catarrhal Headache 268 Congestive Headache 268 Neuralgia or Gastric (Stomach) Headache 268 Bilious Headache 268 Bowel Headache 268 Womb Headache 268 Rheumatic Headache 268 Headache Sick (Herb Remedies) 413, 414, 427 Headache, Nervous (Herb Remedies) 427 Headache, Bilious. (Herb Remedies) 414 Headache (Rare Prescription) 476 Head, Injuries to 302 Symptoms 302 Treatment 303 What to do First 303 Head Louse 78 Haemoptysis 38 Haematemesis 107 Heartburn (Rare Prescription) 476 Heart Disease 337 Heart Disease (Herb Remedies) 419 Heart Disease, Fluttering, etc. (Rare Prescription) 477 Heat and Chemicals 624 Heat Stroke 375 Hellebore, White and Green, Poison by 404 Hemorroids 137, 145 Hemorrhage, Post-Partum (Bleeding after Delivery) 540 Hepatic Abscess 132 Hepatitis (Herb Remedies) 429 HERB DEPARTMENT (Over 100 Herbs) 408 Common Names 408 Internal and External Use 408 Part of Herb Used 408 When to Gather 408 Flowers When 408 Grows Where 408 Prepared How 408 Diseases, Dose, etc 408

[922 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Drying and Preserving Roots, Barks, Herbs, etc 408 Roots 409 Barks 409 Flowers and Seeds 409 Preparation of the Herbs for Medicine 409 Infusion of Tea, to make 409 Decoction, to make 409 Essence, to make 409 Fomentations, to make 409 Ointments or Salve, to make 409 Plasters, to make 409 Poultices, to make 410 Powder, to make 410 Syrups, to make 410 Tincture, to make 410 Achillea Millefolium 446 Acorus Calamus 442 Adiantum Pedantum 428 Ague Root 444 Ague Weed 414 Albany Beechdrops 420 Alder, Spotted 410 Aletris Farinosa 444 Allium Cepa 431 Allium Sativum 423 Altheae Officinalis 429 Alum Root 420 American Valerian 427 Amygdalus Persica 432 Anthemis Nobilis 417 Apple Pern 442 Aralia Racemosa 440 Arbutus, Uva Ursi 411 Arctium Lappa 415 Aristolochia Serpentaria 441 Artemisia Absinthium 446 Arum Triphyllum 444 Asclepias Syriaca 430 Asclepias Tuberosa 434 Asthma Weed 428 Balmony 411 Bayberry 411 Bearberry 411 Bed Straw 417 Beech Drops 412 Bee's Nest 416 Bethroot 412 Bird's Nest 416 Birthroot 412 Bitter Herb 411 Blackberry 413 Black-berried Elder 422 Black Cohosh 418 Black Haw 413 Black Root 421 Black Snake Root 418 Blazing Star 422 Bloodroot 413 Blood Staunch 423 Blue Berry 418 Blue Cohosh 418 Blue Flag 414 Blue Pimpernel 439 Boneset 414 Brooklime 415 Buchu 415 Burdock 415 Burning-bush 445 Calamus 442 Calendula Officinalis 430 Cancer Root 412 Candleberry 411 Carrot 416 Caryophyllus 418 Catch Weed 417 Catmint 416 Catnip 416 Catwort 416 Caulophyllum Thalietroides 418 Celandine 416 Chamomile 417 Checker Berry 432 Chelidonium Majus 416 Chelone Glabra 411 Chenopodium Anthelminticum 446 Chicken Toes 420 Chimaphila Umbellata 435 Cimicifuga Racemosa 418 Cistus Canadensis 437 Cleavers 417 Clivers 417 Cloves 418 Coakum 434 Cock-up-hat 436 Colic Root 444 Collinsonia Canadensis 441 Colts Tail 423 Comfrey 419 Corallorhiza Odontorhiza 426 Coral Teeth 420 Corn Silk 419 Corydalis Formosa 444 Corvallaria Multifiora 441 Cramp Bark 420 Cranberry (Upland or Wild) 411 Cranberry (High) 420 Cranesbill (Spotted) 420 Crawley 420 Cross Wort 414 Crow Foot 420 Crow Corn 444 Cypripedium Pubescens 427 Cucurbita Pepo 436 Culver's Physic 421 Culver's Root 421 Dandelion 421 Datura Stramonium 442 Daucus Carota 416 Deerberry 432 Devil's Bit 422 Dewberry 413 Dioscorea Villosa 445 Dracontium 439 Dragon's Claw 420 Dragon Root 444 Drooping Starwort 422 Elder (Black-berried) 422 Elder Sweet 422 Elecampane 423 Emetic Herb 428 Epigea Ripens 425 Epiphegus Virginiana 412 Equisetum Hyemale 438 Erigeron Canadensis 423 Euonymus Atropurpureus 445 Eupatorium Perfoliatum 414 Eupatorium Purpureum 436 False Unicorn Root 422 Female Regulator 428 Fetid Hellebore 439 Fever Root 420 Fever Wort 414 Fireweed 423 Fish Mouth 411 Five Fingers 423 Flag Lily 414 Flag Root 442 Fleabane 423 Flower de Luce 414 Fragaria Vesca 442 Frost Plant 437 Frost Wort 437 Galium Aparine 417 Garget 434 Garlic 423 Gentian 423 Gentiana Lutea 423 Geranium Maculatum 420

[MEDICAL INDEX 923]

Ginger 423 Ginseng 423 Golden Seal 425 Goose Foot 446 Goose Grass 417 Gravel Plant 425 Gravel Root 436 Gravel Weed 425 Ground Holly 435 Ground Laurel 425 Ground Lily 412 Ground Raspberry 425 Gum Plant 419 Hard Hack 441 Hamamelis 410 Healing Herb 419 Hedeoma Pulegoides 433 Helonias Dioica 422 Hoarhound 426 Hoodwort 439 Hops 426 Horse Balm 441 Horse Chestnut 426 Horse Tail 438 Humulus Lupulus 426 Hydrastis Canadensis 425 Hypericum Perfoliatum 443 Ictodes Foetida 439 Indian Apple 429 Indian Arrow Wood 445 Indian Balm 412 Indian Sage 414 Indian Tobacco 428 Indian Turnip 444 Inula Helenium 423 Iris Versicolor 414 Jack-in-the-Pulpit 444 Jimson Weed 442 Joe-Pye Weed 436 Juniper 427 Juniper Communis 427 Knob Root 441 Lady's Slipper 427 Lamb's Quarter 412 Laurus Sassafras 438 Leontodon Taraxacum 421 Leonurus Cardiaca 430 Leptandra Virginica 421 Life Root 428 Liver Lily 414 Lobelia 428 Lobelia Inflata 428 Madweed 439 Maiden Hair 428 Mandrake 429 Mare's Tail 423 Marigold 430 Marrubium Vulgare 426 Marshmallow 429 May Apple 429 May Flower 425 Meadow Cabbage 439 Mentha Piperita 433 Mentha Viridis 440 Milfoil 446 Mitchella Pepens 432 Milkweed 430 Milk Wort 438 Mortification Root 429 Motherwort 430 Mountain Box 411 Mountain Flag 438 Mountain Pink 425 Mustard 431 Myrica Cerifera 411 Nepeta Cataria 416 Nerve Root 427 Noah's Ark 427 Oak Bark (Red and White) 431 One Berry 432 Onion 431 Orange Root 425 Orange Swallow Wort 434 Panax Quinquifolium 424 Papoose Root 418 Parsley 432 Partridge Berry 432 Peach Tree 432 Pennyroyal 433 Peppermint 433 Petroselinum Sativum 432 Pettymorrel 440 Phytolacca Decandra 434 Pigeon Berry 434 Pigeon Weed 440 Plantain 434 Plantago Major 434 Pleurisy Root 434 Podophyllum Peltatum 429 Poke 434 Polecat Weed 439 Polyagla Senega 438 Polygonum Punctatum 440 Prickly Ash 435 Pridewood 423 Princes Pine 435 Prunus Virginianus 445 Puke Weed 428 Pumpkin 436 Purple Boneset 436 Queen's Delight 436 Queen of the Meadow 436 Queen's Root 436 Quercus Alba 431 Raccoon Berry 429 Rag Wort 428 Rattle Root 418 Red Berry 411 Red Clover 437 Red Elm 439 Red Puccoon 413 Red Raspberry 413 Red Root 413 Rheumatism Weed 435 Rhus Glabra 442 Rich Weed 418 Rock Parsley 432 Rock Rose 437 Roman Chamomile 417 Rumex Acetosa 439 Rumex Crispus 447 St. John's Wort 443 Sage 437 Salt Rheum Weed 411 Salvia Officinalis 437 Sambucus Canadensis 422 Sanguinaria Canadenisis 413 Sassafras 438 Scoke 434 Scouring Rush 438 Scutellaria Latcriflora 439 Senecio Gracilis 428 Seneca Snake Root 438 Shave Grass 438 Sheep Sorrel 439 Silkweed 430 Sinapis Alba 431 Skunk Cabbage 439 Skull Cap 439 Slippery Elm 439 Smartweed 440 Snakehead 411 Snake Lily 414 Snake Root Virginia 441 Snapping Hazelnut 410 Solomon's Seal 441 Spearmint 440 Spignet 440 Spikenard 440

[924 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Spindle Tree 445 Squaw Mint 433 Squaw Root 418 Squaw Weed 428 Squaw Vine 432 Stagger Weed 444 Star Grass 444 Stillingia Sylvatica 436 Stinkweed 442 Storkbill 420 Stone Root 441 Strawberry 442 Stramonium 442 Sumach 442 Swamp Cabbage 439 Sweating Plant 414 Sweet Flag 442 Sweet Rush 442 Tall Speedwell 421 Tanacetum 443 Tansy 443 Tetter Wort 416 Thorn Apple 442 Thoroughwort 414 Thousand Leaf 446 Three Leaved Night Shade 412 Tickweed 433 Toothache Tree 435 Tormentil 420 Trailing Arbutus 425 Trifolium Pratense 437 Trillium Purpureum 412 True Unicorn Root 444 Trumpet Weed 436 Tuber Root 434 Tumeric Root 425 Turkey Corn 444 Turnip, Indian 444 Turtle Bloom 411 Ulmus Fulva 439 Vegetable Antimony 414 Veronica 421 Veronica Beccabunga 415 Viburnum Opulus 420 Viburnum Prunifolium 413 Wahoo 445 Wake Robin 413 Water Pepper 440 Waxberry 411 Wax Myrtle 411 White Hoarhound 426 Wild Cherry 445 Wild Carrot 416 Wild Lemon 429 Wild Tobacco 428 Wild Turkey Pea 444 Wild Turnip 444 Wild Yam 445 Wind Root 434 Winterbloom 410 Winter Clover 432 Wintergreen 435 Witch-Hazel 410 Wormseed 446 Wormwood 446 Xanthoxylum Fraxineum 435 Yarrow 446 Yellow Dock 447 Yellow Moccasin Flowers 427 Yellow Puccoon 425 Yellow Umbel 427 Zea Mays 419 Zingiber Officinale 423 Hereditary Ataxia 306 Hernia 122 Herpes Zoster 74 Hesperidin (Medical Use) 669

Hiccoughs 301, 619 Causes 302 Mothers' Remedies 302 1. Vinegar for 302 2. Sugar and Vinegar Stops 302 3. Sugar Win Relieve 302 4. Simple Remedy for 302 5. Home Remedy to Stop 302 6. Vinegar Stops 302 7. Cinchona Bark in Peppermint Stops 302 Physicians' Treatment 302 Hiccoughs (Herb Remedies) 431 Hinkley Bone Liniment 480 Hip Joint Disease 236 Causes 236 Symptoms of the First Stage 236 Second Stage 236 Treatment 236 Hives 89, 620 Causes 89 Medicines 89 Mothers' Remedies 89 1. Slippery Elm for 89 2. External and Internal Home Medicines 89 3. Tea and Powder 90 4. Catnip Tea for 90 5. Mother from Buckhorn, Florida, says 90 6. From a Mother at New Milford, Pa. 90 7. Buttermilk for 90 8. Baking Soda for 90 9. Canada Blue Clay for 90 Physicians' Treatment for Hives 90 For the Itching 90 Hoarseness 24 Causes 24 Symptoms 24 Mothers' Remedies 24 1. Borax for 24 2. Egg and Lemon for 25 3. Horseradish for 25 4. Successful Remedy for Adults 25 5. Lemon and Sugar for Children 25 Physicians' Treatment for Hoarseness 25 1. Rest the Voice 25 2. An Ice Bag 25 3. Tincture of Aconite 25 4. Citrate of Potash 25 5. Full Dose of Ten Grains of Dover's Powders 25 6. For a Cough 25 Hoarseness (Herb Remedies) 423, 426, 428, 429 Hobnail Liver 131 Holloway's Ointment 481 HOMEOPATHY DEPARTMENT 448 Medicines 448 List of Remedies 448 Fluids for External Use 448 Care of Medicines in the Sick Room 448 Directions for using Homeopathic Medicines 448 Chronic Cases, For 449 Acne 459 Ague 460 Aphthae 449 Apoplexy 461 Appendicitis 454 Asiatic Cholera 455 Bilious Attacks 456 Bilious Diarrhea 456 Biliousness, Liver 456 Bladder, Inflammation of 459 Boils 460 Bowel Falling 455 Brain, Congestion of 461 Brain, Inflammation of 461 Bright's Disease 458 Bronchitis, Acute and Chronic 457

[MEDICAL INDEX 925]

Catarrh, Chronic 456 Carbuncle 460 Chicken Pox 460 Cholera, Asiatic 455 Cholera Infantum 453 Cholera Morbus 454 Chorea 462 Cold, Common, Beginning of 449 Colic 454 Constipation 454 Convulsions, in Children 462 Cord, Inflammation of 461 Croup 457 Cystitis (Inflammation of the Bladder) 459 Diabetes Mellitus 458 Diarrhea 453 Diphtheria 451 Diseases of Women 463 Dropsy 455 Dysentery 453 Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation) 464 Ears Boils in the Canal 463 Ear Inflammation of 463 Eczema 460 Endocarditis 458 Enteritis 452 Erysipelas 459 Esophagus, Inflammation of 451 Eyes, Simple Inflammation of 463 Eyes, Stye on Lids 463 Eyes, Weak and Watery 463 Fever, Inflammatory 460 Fever, Intermittent 460 Fever, Spotted 461 Fever, Typhoid 461 Fever, Yellow 461 Gastralgia (Cardialgia) 452 Gastritis, Acute 451 Gastritis, Chronic 451 Glossitis 450 Gout 459 Gums, Diseases of 450 Headache 461 Headache, Sick 462 Heartburn 452 Hematuria 459 Hives 459 Impetigo 460 Influenza 457 Intestine, Large, Inflammation of 453 Itch 459 Jaundice 456 Kidney, Nephritis 458 La Grippe 449 Laryngitis 456 Laryngitis, Chronic 456 Leucorrhea 464 Liver, Enlarged 455 Liver, Inflammation of 455 Lumbago 463 Measles 460 Menorrhagia (too much flow) 464 Menses, Suppression of 463 Metritis (Inflammation of the Womb) 463 Mumps 464 Nerves, Inflammation of 462 Neuralgia 462 Neuritis (Inflammation of the Nerves) 462 Night Sweats 464 Ovary, Inflammation of 464 Painter's Colic 454 Palpitation 458 Palpitation of the Heart 463 Pemphigus 460 Peritonitis 455 Pharyngitis 451 Piles 454 Pleurodynia 458 Pleurisy 458 Pneumonia 457 Psoriasis 460 Pulse, Intermittent 458 Quinsy 451 Renal Calculi 459 Rheumatism 459 Scarlet Fever 460 Sciatica 463 Scurvy 460 Sick Headache 462 Smallpox 460 Spleen, Enlargement 458 Spotted Fever 462 St. Vitus' Dance 462 Stomatitis 449 Stye 463 Teeth, Diseases of 450 Throat feels raw and sore 449 Throat, Inflammation of 450 Tonsils, Tonsilitis and Quinsy 451 Tonsilitis 451 Tonsil, Enlarged 451 Toothache 462 Typhoid Fever 461 Uvula, Inflammation of 450 Veins, Varicose 458 Vomiting 452 Water on the Brain 461 Whites 464 Whooping Cough 457 Worms 455 Yellow Fever 461 Honey (Medical Use) 672 Hordeolum 348 Hot Bath, Hot Air, Vapor and Steam Bath 630 Hot Pack, The 631 Hot Springs of Arkansas 666 Army and Navy Hospital 666 Privileges of Ex-Soldiers 666 Free Baths for Indigent People 667 Physicians' and Medical Regulations 667 Cost of Living at Hot Springs 667 Additional Information 668 Household Articles, their Medical Uses 668 Humid Tetter 63 Hydrochloric Acid, Poison by 404 Hydroperitoneum 135 Hydrophobia 241 Comparative Danger 248 Immediate Treatment of the Wound 248 When to Send Patients to Institutes 248 What to Send for Examination 248 Protection 249 Cities where Pasteur Institutes are located 249 Hydrothorax 43 Causes 43 Physicians' Treatment 44 Hymen, The 491 Hyperaemia of the Brain 295 Hyperaemia of the Kidney 155 Hyperaemia of the Liver 131 Hyperidrosis 75 Hypertrophy of the Prostate 164 Symptoms 164 Treatment, Preventive 164 Hypochondria 427 Hysteria 283 Causes 283 Education 284 Direct Influence 284 Symptoms 284 Symptoms of the Paroxysms 285 During the Convulsion 286 The first thing to do 286 Preventive Treatment of Hysteria 286 Physicians' Treatment 287 1. The Following is Recommended by Dr. Goodell 287 2. Fowler's Solution of Arsenic 287

[926 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

3. Asafoetida 287 4. Sumbul or Musk Root 287 5. The Following is Good 287 6. Tincture of Hops 288 7. General Cautions 288 Hysteria (Herb Remedies) 420, 426, 430, 439, 443

Ice Bags (India Rubber) 632 Ice Cream 647 Ice Poultice 633 Ice Water Coils 633 Indigestion, Chronic 103 Causes 103 Symptoms 103 Mothers' Remedies 104 1. Spice Poultice for 104 2. Oil of Hemlock for 104 3. Ginger and Soda for 104 4. Oil of Peppermint for 104 5. Mustard Poultice and Eggs for 104 6. Hot Plate for 104 Physicians' Treatment 104 Diet 105 Home Treatment 105 1. Drink Cold Water 105 2. Do Not Eat Much Meat 105 3. If the Stomach Wants Tone 105 4. Charcoal in Small Doses 105 5. If a Bitter Tonic is Needed 105 Indigestion, Chronic (Herb Remedies) 411, 414, 425 Indigestion in Older Children 602 Imperial Drink 650 Infantile Paralysis 307 Causes 307 Symptoms 307 Treatment 307 Infantum, Chlora 112 Inflammations (Herb Remedies) 431, 444 Inflammation, Douche to Allay 641 Inflammation of the Bladder 162 Causes 162 Symptoms 162 Bladder Trouble 162 1. English Oil of Sandal Wood for 162 2. Effective Herb Tea for 163 Treatment 163 Diet 163 Inflammation of the Bladder (Herb Remedies) 425 Inflammation of the Bladder, Chronic 163 Causes 163 Treatment, Preventive 163 Inflammation of the Bowels 118 Mothers' Remedies 118 1. An Excellent Remedy for 118 2. Red Beet Poultice for 118 3. Hop poultice for 118 4. Griddle Cake poultice for 118 5. Spice Poultice for Child or Adult 118 6. Simple Remedy Always at Hand 118 7. A Rather Unique Remedy for 118 8. Marshmallow Leaves, A Canadian Remedy for 118 9. Syrup of Rhubarb for 118 Inflammation of the Bowels 678 Inflammation of the Smaller Bronchi and Lungs 40 Inflammation of the Brain 296, 617 Inflammation of the Bronchial Tubes 30 Inflammation, Simple, of the Eustachian Tubes 360 Inflammation of the Eyes at Birth, Diagnosis of 4 Inflammation of Eyes of Newly-Born 350 Inflammation of the Iris 352 Inflammation of the Kidneys, Acute 156 Inflammation of the Larynx 24 Inflammation of the Middle Ear 365 Inflammation of the Nail 78 Inflammation of the Nose, Chronic 14 Inflammation of the Nerves 276 Inframaxillary Neuralgia 265 Inflammation of the Peritoneum 133 Inflammation of the Pharynx 21 Inflammation of the Pleura 41 Inflammation of the Retina from Bright's Disease 355 Inflammatory Rheumatism, Diagnosis of 4 Inflammation of the Skin 62 Varieties 62 Physicians' Treatment 62 Inflammation of the Thyroid Gland 258 Inflammation of the Veins 345 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 166 Infection and Contagion 166 Infectious Diseases, Table of 167 Influenza 192 The Onset 192 Mothers' Remedies 193 1. Red Pepper or Cayenne for 193 2. An Easy Remedy for 193 3. Pleasant and Effective Remedy for 193 4. To Allay Fever in 193 5. Poor Man's Herb Vapor Bath 193 6. Red Pepper Treatment from Canada 193 Physicians' Treatment 194 Corn Sweat 194 Fever 194 Irritating Cough 194 Sore Throat 195 Medicines 195 Aspirin 195 Diet 195 Influenza (Herb Remedies) 414, 428 Ingrowing Toe-Nail 395 Causes 395 Treatment 395 Mothers' Remedy for 395 1. Popular Remedy for 395 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 677 1. Home Treatment for 677 2. A Good Canadian Remedy for 677 3. Camphor for 678 Injuries to the Head 302 Symptoms 302 Treatment 303 Injuries to the Spinal Cord 303 Insane, General Paralysis of 298 Softening of the Brain 298 Symptoms 298 Treatment 299 Insanity 308 History 308 Causes or Insanity 309 Other Causes of Insanity, Imperfect Nutrition 311 Blows end Falls Upon the Head 311 Fright is Another Cause 311 Insanity is most Prevalent among the Working Classes 311 Social Pleasure 312 Classification 312 Ischio-Rectal Abscess 151 Insects and Other Bites 378 Insects and Other Bites (Herb Remedies) 434 Insomnia 299 Definition 299 Causes 299 Primary Causes 299 Nervous or Simplest Causes 299 Sleeplessness 299 Mothers' Remedies 299 1. Hop Pillow Stops 299 2. Easy and Simple Remedy for 299

[MEDICAL INDEX 927]

3. Ginger at Bedtime for 300 4. Milk Will Stop 300 Physicians' Treatment 300 Treatment of the Congestive Insomnia 300 1. Hot or Warm General Baths 300 2. Cold Spongings 300 3. The Patient Should Stand in Water 300 4. The Cold Abdominal Pack is Valuable 300 5. Exercise 300 Diet 300 Medicines if you must use them 301 Insomnia (Herb Remedies) 426, 430, 439 Intercostal Neuralgia 265 Internal Piles 149 Interstitial Nephritis, Chronic 159 Intestinal Colic 124 Intestinal Obstruction 121 Causes 121 1. Strangulation 121 2. Intussusception 121 3. Twists and Knots 121 4. Strictures and Tumors 121 5. Abnormal Contents 121 Symptoms and Obstruction 121 Recovery 122 Treatment 122 Diet 122 INTOXICANTS AND SUNSTROKES 371 Intubation, Operation of 664 Iodine, Poison by 404 Iritis, Diagnosis of 3 Iris, The 347 Iritis (Inflammation of the Iris) 352 Causes 352 Symptoms 352 Course and Recovery 352 Mothers' Remedies 353 1. Sensible Remedy for 353 Treatment--What to do first 353 Local Treatment 353 The Diet 353 Cautions 353 Injuries to the Iris 353 Iron Tonic Bitters (Rare Prescription) 477 Icterus 127 Itch, Common 81 Cause 81 Mothers' Remedies 81 1. Mustard Ointment for 81 2. Grandmothers' Cure for 81 3. Herb Ointment for 81 4. Elecampane Root Ointment for 81 5. Oatmeal for 82 6. A Mother at Parma, Michigan, sends the following 82 7. Kerosene for 82 8. Splendid Ointment for Itch 82 Physicians' Treatment for Itch 82 First thing to do 82 Ointments 82 1. Simple Sulphur Ointment Alone 82 2. For Itch 82 3. For Itch 82 4. For Children 83 5. The Following for Adults 83 Second 83 Third 83 Itch, Common (Herb Remedies) 447 Itch, Disease 79 Symptoms 79 Definitions 79 Course of Disease 79 Causes 80 Physicians' Treatment 80 Arsenic 80 1. Local Treatment 80 2. Good Application 80 3. Tar Remedy 80 4. Tar and Sulphur for 80 5. A Good Combination 80 6. Another Good Local Application 81 Itching of the Anus 143 Causes 143 After Operation 144 Symptoms 144 Physicians' Treatment 144 Preventive and Palliative 144 Diet 144 May Take 144 Must Not Take 144 Remedies for Bath 144 1. Separate the Buttocks with Gauze 144 2. Dr. Allingham Recommends 144 3. Local Applications Soothing Remedies 145 4. The Following is Good to Dust the Parts 145 5. The Following is Good for Raw Parts 145 6. The Following is good for the Itching 145 7. For Constipation 145 8. For Injections 145 9. For the Same Purpose 145 Itch Ointment (Rare Prescription) 478 Itching Piles 143 Ivy Poisoning 92 Symptoms 92 Mothers' Remedies 92 1. Buttermilk and Copperas for 92 2. Cure for 93 Ivy Poisoning (Herb Remedies) 410, 434

Jacket Poultice, The 632 Jaundice 127 Causes 127 Symptoms 127 Mothers' Remedies 127 1. Sweet Cider Sure Cure for 127 2. Lemon Juice for 127 3. Peach Tree Bark for 127 4. Mandrake Root for 127 5. Dandelion Root Tea for 127 6. Boneset Tea for 128 7. Mandrake Leaves for 128 8. Mullein Leaf Tea for 128 Physicians' Treatment for Liver Trouble 128 1. For Liver Trouble 128 2. The Following is Good 128 3. Severe Type and Epidemic Form 128 4. The Common, Simple Kind of Jaundice 128 Jaundice (Herb Remedies) 411, 441, 446 Jaundice, Catarrhal 128 Causes 128 Symptoms 128 Physicians' Treatment 129 1. Sodium Phosphate for 129 2. Calomel for 129 Jaundice, Malignant 131 Jaw, Bandage for Broken 382 Jaw, Big 234 Jaw, Dislocation of 379 Jaw, Lump 234 Johnson's Liniment 484 Joint, Shoulder Dislocation 380 June Cold 17

Kelly's Tonic 486 Kellog's Red Drops 481 Kickapoo Indian Oil 481 Kidneys 152 Kidney Trouble 154 Mothers' Remedies 154 1. Cornsilk for 154 2. Flaxseed and Lemons for 154 3. Temporary Relief for 154 4. Buchu Leaves for 154 5. Common Rush Root for 154

[928 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

6. Effective and Easy Cure for 154 7. Sheep Sorrel Excellent for 154 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 678 1. An Easily Prepared Remedy for 678 Kidneys (Herb Remedies) 411, 415, 416, 417, 419, 422, 426, 435, 446 Kidneys, Acute Inflammation of the 156 Kidneys, Chronic Congestion of 155 Kidneys, Acute Congestion of 155 Treatment 155 Kidneys, Diseases of 152 Kidney, Floating 154 Kidneys, Hypeaemia of the 155 Kidney and Liver Cure (Rare Prescription) 478 Kidney, Movable 154 Causes 154 Symptoms 155 Treatment 155 Diet for Movable Kidney 155 Kidneys, Plate of 153 Kidneys, Stomach, Prostate, etc., Operation for 665 Kidney Stones, Diagnosis of 3 Kidney Stone 161 Symptoms 161 Treatment 161 Diet 162 Queen of the Meadow 162 Kidney Stone (Herb Remedies) 435 Knee Joint Disease 236 Treatment 236

Labia Majora, The 490 Labia Minora, The 490 Labor 528 Laceration of the Brain 302 La Grippe, Diagnosis of 3 La Grippe 192 The Onset 192 Mothers' Remedies 193 1. Red Pepper or Cayenne for 193 2. An Easy Remedy for 193 3. Pleasant and Effective Remedy for 193 4. To Allay Fever in 193 5. Poor Man's Herb Vapor Bath 193 6. Red Pepper Treatment from Canada 193 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 678 1. Red Pepper Treatment from a Canadian Mother 678 Physicians' Treatment 194 Corn Sweat 194 Fever 194 Irritating Cough 194 Sore Throat 195 Bowels 195 Medicines 195 Aspirin 195 Diet 195 Lard (Medical Use) 672 Laryngeal Diphtheria 181 Laryngitis, Acute 26 Diet in Laryngitis 26 Laryngitis, Oedamatous 26 Larynx, Inflammation of 24 Laudanum, Poison by 404 Laxatives (Herb Remedies) 431, 445 Laxative Bromo-Quinine Tablets 468 Lead Poisoning 374 Causes 374 Symptoms of Acute Case 374 Chronic Case 374 Symptoms 371 Treatment 374 For Chronic Poisoning remove the cause 374 Constipation 374 For Pain 374 Lemonade 649, 650 Lemonade Albuminized 650 Lemon Jelly 646 Lemon (Medical Use) 669 Lemon Velvet 647 Length of Time to Cook Cereals 651 Lens, for Glasses 335 Lentigo 75 Lepra Anesthetica (Nerve Leprosy) 240 Lepra Maculosa 240 Lepra Trophomenrotica 240 Lepra Tuberosa (Tuberculated, Nodulated or Tegumentary Skin Leprosy) 238 Leprosy 236 Definition 236 History 237 Cause 237 Symptoms 238 Leprosy, Atrophic 240 Leprosy, Skin 238 Leucorrhea (The Whites) 510 Leucorrhea (Herb Remedies) 411, 412, 413, 419, 420, 422, 425, 431, 432, 441, 442, 446 Leukaemia 252 1. Spleen and Bone-Marrow (Spleen-Medullary type) 252 2. Lymphatic type 252 Causes 252 Symptoms 252 Treatment 252 Leukaemia, False 252 Causes 252 Symptoms 253 Treatment 253 Light 624 Lime Water 648 Liniment 678 Liniment (Rare Prescription) 479 Linseed Meal Poultice 631, 635 Lip, Hare 369 Liquid, Diet 644 Liver, Abscess of the 132 Liver, Chronic Congestion of the 131 Liver, Circulatory Disturbances of 131 Causes 131 Symptoms 131 Abscess 132 Recovery 132 Treatment 132 Diet in Liver Troubles 132 May Take 133 Must Not Take 133 Liver, Circulatory Disturbances of (Herb Remedies) 414, 416, 421, 425, 429, 445 Liver, Cirrhosis of the 131 Liver (Description of) 125 Liver, Hard 131 Liver, Hobnail 131 Liver, Gin Drinkers' 131 Liver Pills (Rare Prescription) 479 Liver, Sclerosis of the 131 Liver Spots 61 Causes 61 Physicians' Treatment 61 Local Treatment 61 Local Baths and Packs 630 Local Peritonitis 134 Lochia, The 540 Lochia, The (Herb Remedies) 420, 430, 132 Lockjaw, Diagnosis of 3 Lockjaw 231 Causes 231 Symptoms 231 Recovery 232 1. Successful Remedy for 232 2. Smoke as a Cure for 232 Physicians' Treatment 232 Locomotor Ataxia 305 Lombard Secret Cancer Remedies 471 Loss of Appetite 587

[MEDICAL INDEX 929]

Lotions 633 Louse, Body 78 Louse, Diseases of the Skin Produced by 78 Treatment 78 Louse, Head 78 Lumbago 323 Mothers' Remedy 678 1. Ointment for 678 Lump Jaw 234 Lungs, Abscess of the 43 Lungs, Acute Inflammation of 40 Lungs, Acute Inflammation of (Herb Remedies) 419, 427 Lungs, Bleeding from 38 Lungs, Bleeding from (Herb Remedies) 412, 446 Lungs, Tuberculosis of the, Diagnosis of 5 Lung Fever 218 Lurschkas Tonsil 8 Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 469 Lye, Poison by 404

Madame Rupert's Face Bleach 473 Malarial Fever, Diagnosis of, 3 Malarial Fever 228 Causes 228 Intermittent Malarial Fever 228 (a) Tertian 228 (b) Quartian 228 (c) Quotidian 228 Symptoms 228 Remittent or Continuous Malarial Fever 228 Pernicious Malarial Fever 229 Treatment--Prevention 229 Malarial Fever (Herb Remedies) 414 Malignant Anthrax 231 Malignant Jaundice 131 Malnutrition (Marasmus) 615 Malta Fever 230 Mania 312 Mastoiditis, Chronic 365 Mastoid, Operation for 663 Matches, Poison by 406 Measles, Diagnosis of 4 Measles 175 Incubation 176 Symptoms and description of ordinary type 176 Eyes 177 Mortality in Measles 177 Diagnosis 177 Treatment--Prevention 177 Mothers' Remedies 177 1. Lemon Remedy from a Canadian Mother 177 2. Elder Blossom Tea to drive out 177 General Treatment 178 Cold Drinks 178 Cough in Measles 178 1. For Measles 178 2. For Measles 178 3. For Irritation of the Skin 178 4. For Scaling 178 Diet 178 Teas 178 Caution 179 Measles, German, Diagnosis of 4 Measles, German 179 Incubation period runs 179 Rash 179 Treatment 179 Medicine Chest 637 Melancholia 312 Causes 312 Acute Melancholia 312 Chronic Melancholia 312 Membranous Croup 184 Meningitis 210 Treatment 210 Meningitis, Basilar 210 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 1 MOTHERS' DIAGNOSIS 1 Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal 209 Cause 209 Conditions 209 Symptoms, Ordinary Form 209 Malignant type 210 Spinal Meningitis 210 Meningitis, Tubercular 210 Menopause (Change of Life) 513 Menorrhagia 505 Menorrhagia (Herb Remedies) 420, 441, 443, 446 Menstrual Headache 271 Menstruation 494 Menstruation (Herb Remedies) 415, 428 432 Menstruation Delayed 504 Menstruation Delayed (Herb Remedies) 428, 432, 440 Menstruation Difficult 507 Menstruation Difficult (Herb Remedies) 415, 443 Menstruation and Its Disorders 504 Menstruation and Its Disorders (Herb Remedies) 430 Menstruation Premature 504 Menstruation Vicarious (in place of) 505 Mercuric Chloride, Poison by 405 Midwifery, or Obstetrics 515 Migrane, Hemicrania 272 Mild Plaster for Children 634 Milk Leg 542 Milk of Lime, to Prepare 625 Milk Porridge 647 Milk Poison, Popular Remedy for 680 Miscarriage 524 Miscarriage (Herb Remedies) 413, 422, 444 Mitchell's Eye Salve 482 Mitral Insufficiency or Incompetency 343 Symptoms 343 Mitral Stenosis 343 Moist Heat, for 631 Mole 77 Physicians' Treatment 77 Causes 77 Mons Veneris 490 Morbus Coxarius 236 Morphine Habit 373 Symptoms 373 Treatment 373 Morphinism 373 Morphine, Poison by 405 Mosquito Bite 377 Mothers' Flour and Water Poultice 634 Mothers' Remedies Unclassified 674 Mother Seigel's Syrup 482 Moth Patch 61 Mountain Dew 647 Mouth, Sore 97, 551 Mouth, Sore (Herb Remedies) 410, 420, 442, 444 Mouth and Teeth, Care of 628 Spongy and Sore Gums 628 Cloths for Washing the Teeth and Mouth 628 Mouth Wash, Antiseptic 120 Antiseptic Mouth Wash 120 Simple and Unsurpassed 121 Mouth Wash (Herb Remedies) 410 Mulled Wine 650 Multiple Neuritis 278 Mumps, Diagnosis of 4 Mumps 180 Treatment 180 Muscular Rheumatism 323 Causes 323 Symptoms 323 Lumbago 323 Torticollis (Stiff or Wry Neck) 323 Pleurodynia, Pain in the Chest Muscles, etc 323

[930 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Diet for Rheumatism from a Head Nurse of a Prominent Hospital 324 May Take 324 Must Not Take 324 Treatment for Stiff Neck 324 Mothers' Remedies for Stiff Neck 324 1. Hot Salt and Oil of Sassafras 324 Physicians' Treatment, Preventive 324 Liniment 325 Menthol Liniment for Lumbago 325 Mothers' Remedies 325 1. Vinegar and Salt for Weak Back 325 2. Simple Remedy for Weak Back 325 3. Good Liniment for Weak Back 325 4. Chloroform Liniment for Lameness 325 5. Plaintain Leaves and Cream for 325 Mothers' Remedies for Rheumatism 325 1. Salt Petre Good In Cases of 325 2. Rochelle Salts for 325 3. Flowers of Sulphur will Relieve Pain of 325 4. Three Simple Ingredient Liniment for 326 5. Sulphur Good for 326 6. Horse Radish for 326 7. Simple Remedy to Relieve pain of 326 8. Liniment for Chronic 326 9. Herb Remedy for 326 10. Three Things that will Help 326 11. Good Liniment for 326 12. Camphor and Alcohol for 327 13. Sweet Fern Tea Excellent for 327 14. Well-known Celery Remedy for 327 15. Flowers of Sulphur Relieves 327 16. Poultice for 327 17. Novel Relief for 327 18. Snake Root and Lemons for 327 19. Another Good Liniment for 328 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 680 1. Mountain Leaf Tea for 680 2. Beef Gall for 680 Mustard Leaves or Sinapisms 633, 635 Mustard (Medical Use) 673 Mustard Plaster 633, 634, 635 Mustard Poultice 633 Mustard Stupe 634 Myelitis 304 Causes 304 Symptoms 304 Recovery 305 Treatment 305 Myocarditis 345 Myxoedema 260 Causes of Cretinism 260 Symptoms 260 (a) Cretinism 260 (b) Myxoedema proper 261 Operative Type 261 Symptoms 261 Treatment 261

Naevus 77 Nail, Enlarged 77 Nail, Inflammation of the 78 Nail Wound, Rusty 393 Mothers' Remedies 394 1. Iodoform and Vaselin Salve 394 2. Turpentine Good 394 Tincture of Myrrh for Fresh 394 Nasal Catarrh, Acute 10 Nasal Growths 8 Nasal Polypus 19 Nausea (Herb Remedies) 424, 433, 440 Neonatorum Ophthalmia 4 Nephritis, Acute 156 Nephritis, Chronic (Diffuse Desquamative) 158

Nephritis, Chronic Interstitial 159 Causes 159 Arteria-Sclerotic Form 159 Symptoms 159 Recovery 160 Treatment 160 Diet as Followed by a Prominent Hospital 160 May Take 160 Must Not Take 160 Nephritis, Chronic (Parenchymatous) 158 Ncphritis, Chronic (Parenchymatous) (Herb Remedies) 419 Nephritis, Tubal 158 Nephro-Lithiasis 161 Nephroptosis 154 Nerves, Inflammation of 276 Nerve Leprosy 240 Nerve Tumors 276 Varieties, True and False Nerve Tumors 276 Symptoms 276 Physicians' Treatment 276 Nervousness 261 Mothers' Remedies 267 1. Catnip Tea for 267 2. Hops will Stop 267 3. Effective Remedy for 267 4. Five-Ingredient Remedy that Relieves 268 5. Lady's Slipper Breaks up 268 Nervousness (Herb Remedies) 416, 423, 426, 430, 439 Nervous Dyspepsia 105 Nervous Exhaustion 280 Nervous Headache 269 Treatment 269 Nervous Prostration 280 Causes 280 1. Hereditary Causes 280 2. Acquired 280 Symptoms 280 Physicians' Treatment 281 First, then, is Rest 282 Nervousness (Rare Prescription) 480 Nervous System, Plate of 262 NERVOUS SYSTEM, Diseases of (Chapter) 261 Nettle Rash 89 Nettle Rash (Herb Remedies) 442 Neuralgia 261 Causes 261 Symptoms 261 Nervous System, Plate of 262 Varieties 263 Mothers' Remedies 263 1. Lemon Juice as Liniment for 263 2. Salt and Vinegar Will Relieve 263 3. Quinine Will Cure 263 4. Four-Ingredient Remedies for 263 5. Good Liniment for 263 6. Menthol Liniment for 263 7. Belladonna Plaster for 263 Physicians' Treatment for 263 1. Cure for 264 2. Antipyrine 264 3. If Caffeine in First Prescription Causes Nervousness 264 Neuralgia (Herb Remedies) 439 Neuralgia (Rare Prescription) 481 Neuralgia of the Fifth Pair of Cranial Nerves 265 Neuralgia and Earache 631 Mothers' Remedy (Unclassified) 679 1. Soothing Ointment for 679 Neuralgia, Facial 265 Treatment 265 Neuralgic Headache 270 Neuralgia, Intercostal 265 Causes 265

[ MEDICAL INDEX 931]

Symptoms 266 Physicians' Treatment 266 Local Treatment 266 Neuralgia of the Rectum 137 Neuralgia of the Stomach 107 Causes 107 Symptoms 107 Physicians' Treatment 107 Neuralgia of the Trigeminus 265 Neuralgia Trifacial 265 Neurasthenia 230 Neuritis 276 Causes 277 Neuritis, Simple 277 Neuritis, Multiple 278 Neuroma 276 New York Sun Cholera Cure 480 Night Sweats 44 Mothers' Remedies 44 1. Salt Bath for 44 2. Cold Sage for 44 Physicians' Treatment 44 1. Atropine for 44 2. Tonics to Keep up the Appetite 44 Nitric Acid, Poison by 405 Normal Salt Solution 626 Nose, Anatomy of the 6 Nose-Bleed 19 Mothers' Remedies 19 1. Remedy sent us by a Public School Teacher 19 2. Alum as a Cure for 19 3. Remedy that Succeeded in a Severe Case 19 4. Simple Remedy for 20 5. Another Home Remedy for 20 6. Puff-Ball for 20 7. Vinegar and Water for 20 Physicians' Treatment for Nose-Bleed 20 Nose-Bleed (Herb Remedies) 420 Nose, Broken 383 Nose, Chronic Inflammation of the 14 Nose, Things in the 396 Nose, Tumor of the 10 Physicians' Treatment 19 Nursing 565 NURSING DEPARTMENT, Including Care of Sick and Sick Room) 123 Albumin Water 649 Alcohol Sponge Bath 631 Almond Milk 649 Appendicitis, for 633 Apple Water 649 Arrowroot Custard 647 Arrowroot Gruel 652 Baked Custard 647 Barley Gruel 652 Barley Water 647 Baths 629 Bed Pan, How to Use 641 Bed Sores, Prevention and Care of 628 Treatment, Preventive 628 Treatment of Sore Proper 628 Blistered Skin, to Dress 635 Boric Acid 626 Bran Bath 630 Brandy and Egg Mixture 649 Brown Bread 653 Capsicum and Belladonna Plasters 635 Carbolic Acid 625 Care and Disinfection of an Infected Room 626 Care of Discharges (Excreta) 624 Sputum Cups 624 Bed Pans and Urinals 624 Soiled Dressing and Linen 624 Caudle 649 Cereals and Cereal Gruels 651 Chestnut Puree 652 Chicken Broth 648 Chloride of Lime 625 Cinnamon Tea 647 Common Tables of Measures, Apothecaries' Weight 636 Convalescent Diet 644 Cold 632 Cold Compresses 632 Contents of Medicine Chest 637 Cold Pack, The 631 Cornmeal Gruel 652 Corrosive Sublimate or Dichloride of Mercury 625 Counter-Irritants 633 Coughs of Long Standing, Syrup for 650 Cracker Gruel 652 Cream of Celery Soup 653 Cream of Potato Soup 653 Cream Soup 647 Cream Toast 646 Cream of Tomato Soup 653 Crust Coffee 647 Cupping, Wet and Dry 635 Currant Juice 649 Daily Care of the Room by the Nurse 620 Dead, How to Care for the 638 Diabetic Bread 648 Diet 643 Diet in Debility sent us from one of our Leading Hospitals May Take 646 Soups, Fish, Meats, Eggs, Farinaceous Vegetables, Desserts, Drinks 646 Must Not Take 646 Diets in Fevers, Furnished us by a Trained Nurse in Hospital May Take 645 Food, Drinks--Must not Take 645 Dishes for the Sick Room 646 Disinfection 624 Disinfectants 625 Disinfecting the Room 626 Dose for Children, How to Determine 636 Dose in Drops for Different Ages 636 Rule Usually Followed 636 Douches 641 Dry Cupping 635 Dry Salt Bath sent us with Mothers' Remedies 630 Ear (Aural) Douche 641 Egg Broth 649 Eggnog, Hot 649 Eggnog, Cold 649 Egg Cordial 649 Eggs, Dainty Way to Serve on Toast 648 Egg Gruel 648 Enemata 638 A High 638 A Low 639 Position 639 Amount 639 What Material 639 Syringe 639 Laxative Enema, Sometimes is Necessary 639 Laxative Enema for Infants and Children 639 Formula No. 1 640 Formula No. 2 640 3. Molasses and Laxative Enema 640 Enemata, Astringent 611 Enemata, Nutritive 640 Formula No. 1 640 Formula No. 2 640 Enemata, Salt 641 Enemata, Stimulating 641 Black Coffee 641 Enemata, Turpentine 641

[932 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

External Applications 631 Farina Gruel 652 Fever Cases and to Disguise the Taste of Bad Medicines, Syrup of Lemon for 650 Fever Drinks for 648 Flaxseed Tea 650 Fomentations 634 Foods for Different Meals for Those Who Can Eat But Who Do not Have Much Appetite 645 Breakfast, Dinner, Supper 645 Foods that May Be Taken Together 645 Foods That Should Not be Taken Together 645 Foods and Drinks for the Sick Room 643 Food, the Kind of 643 Foot Baths in Bed 629 Fruit Juices, How to Albuminize 644 Germicides 625 General and Local, For Dry Heat 631 Germs, The 625 Gluten Gruel 652 Grape Juice 650 Heat and Chemicals 624 Hot Bath, Hot Air, Vapor and Steam Bath 630 Hot Pack, The 631 Ice Bags (India Rubber) 632 Ice Cream 647 Ice Poultices 633 Ice Water Coils 633 Inflammation, To Allay 641 Imperial Drink 650 Jacket Poultice, The 632 Lemonade 649, 650 Lemonade Albuminized 650 Lemon Jelly 646 Lemon Velvet 647 Length of Time to Cook Cereals 651 Light 624 Lime Water 648 Linseed Meal Poultice 635, 631 Liquid Diet 644 Local Baths and Packs 630 Lotions 633 Medicine Chest 637 Mild Plaster for Children 634 Milk of Lime to Prepare 625 Milk Porridge 647 Moist Heat, For 631 Mothers' Flour and Water Poultice 634 Mountain Dew 647 Mouth and Teeth, Care of 628 Spongy and Sore Gums 628 Cloths for Washing the Teeth and Mouth 628 Mulled Wine 650 Mustard Leaves or Sinapisms 635 Mustard Plaster 634, 635 Mustard Poultice 633 Mustard Stupe 634 Neuralgia and Earache, For 631 Normal Salt Solution 626 Nursing Department 623 Oatmeal, Barley or Rice Water, From the Grain 650 Oatmeal Gruel 646, 648, 652 Odors 647 Omelet 648 Orangeade 650 Oyster Stew 653 Peptonized Milk, Cold Process 653 Plasters, Capsicum and Belladonna 635 Poultices of Peach Tree Leaves from Our Mothers' List 634 Pulse 642 Raspberry Shrub 646 Raspberry Vinegar 647 Rectal Douche 641 Respiration (Breathing) 642 Root Beer 646 Sago Custard 647 Salt Water Bath, Tonic Action 630 Soft Diet 644 Soiled and Stained Linen 624 Spice Plaster 634, 635 Spice Poultice 634 Spice Poultice from a Stanlyton, Va., Mother 634 Sponge Bath 630 Starch Bath 630 Starch and Laudanum 641 Starch Poultice 632 Sterilization 624 Sterilizing, A Simple method of 625 Summer Complaint, Prepared Flour for 648 Table 636 Tapioca Jelly 652 Temperature (Fever) Under the Tongue and Arm-pit 612 Temperature of the Room 624 Tongue, The 642 Ulcers 643 High Fevers 643 Dark Brown or Blackish Coating 643 Strawberry Tongue 643 Cankered Tongue 643 Cholera Infantum 643 Constipation 643 Biliousness 643 Tub Bath (Common) 631 Tuberculous Patients, How to Treat Sputum from 627 In Diphtheria 627 Bed Pans 627 Sheet and Clothing 627 Turpentine and Mustard Stupes, for see above 635 Turpentine Stupes 634 Vaginal Douche the, For Cleansing 641 Vanilla Snow 648 Ventilation 623 Warm Baths (90 to 100 F.) 630 Wet Cupping 635 Whole Wheat Bread 653 Yeast Poultices 633 Nutmeg Liver 131 Nux Vomica, Poison by 405

Oatmeal, Barley or Rice Water, from the Grain 650 Oatmeal Gruel 648,652, 646 Obesity 330 Treatment 331 Diet 331 For Breakfast 331 Noon Meal Dinner 331 Supper 331 Before Going to Bed 331 Obesity--(Herb Remedies) 434 OBSTETRICS, OR MIDWIFERY 515 Obstruction, Intestinal 121 Odors 647 Oedema of the Glottis 26 Oedematous Laryngitis 26 Olive Oil (Medical Use) 672 Omelet 648 Onion (Medical Use) 669 Onychia 78 Onychauxis 77 Operations 662 Operations, Special 663 Opium, Poison by 405 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 350 Ophthalmia Neonatorum, Diagnosis of 4 Orangeade 650 Organs, Diseases of the Digestive 97

[MEDICAL INDEX 933]

Organic Diseases of the Spinal Cord 304 Symptoms 304 Treatment 304 Organs of Generation, The Internal 491 Osteopathy 661 Ovaries, The 493 Ovaries, Inflammation of 503 Ovaries, Tumors of 504 Ovaries, Tumors of the Operation for 663 Ovaritis 503 Ovary, Diseases of 503 Oxalic Acid, Poison by 405 Oxyuria Vermicularis 46 Oyster Stew 653 Ozena 16 Causes 16 Physicians' Treatment 16 Home Treatment 16 1. Solution for 16 2. The Following Ointment 16 3. Dr. Ferguson of New York uses the Following 17

Pain or Rheumatism 679 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 679 1. Tansy and Smartweed for 679 2. Horseradish Poultice for 679 3. Liniment to Relieve 679 4. Vinegar and Pepper for 679 Paine's Celery Compound 488 Pain Killer, External 481 Palate, Cleft 369 Palpitation of the Heart 337 Causes 337 Symptoms 337 Mothers' Remedies 338 1. Tea of Geranium Root for 338 2. Hot Foot Bath and Camphor for 338 3. Valuable Herb Tea for 338 Mothers' Remedies for Heartburn 338 1. Home Remedy for 338 2. Soda a Popular Remedy for 338 3. Excellent Remedy for 338 4. Remedy for Stout Person 338 Physicians' Treatment for Palpitation 338 When Caused by the Stomach 338 Difficult Breathing 339 Physicians' Cautions 339 Diet 339 The Heart 339 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 679 1. Salt Baths for 679 Palsy 294 Causes 294 Symptoms 294 (a) Paralysis of the Ocular (eye) Muscles 294 (b) Paralysis of the Muscles of Mastication (eating) 294 (c) Paralysis of the Facial (Face) Muscles 295 (d) Paralysis of the Muscles of the Upper Extremity 295 (e) Paralysis of the Muscles of the Lower Extremities 295 (f) Toxic (Poison) Paralysis, Lead Paralysis 295 Physicians' Treatment 295 Palsy, Shaking 291 Paralysis 294 Paralysis Agitans 291 Paralysis, General of the Insane 298 Paralysis, Infantile 307 Paralysis, Diseases Caused by Animal 44 Paresis, General 298 Paretic Dementia 298 Parotitis 180

Parry's Compound Sarsaparilla Blood Purifier 483 Parry's, Grave's Disease 260 Pasteur Institutes, Location of 249 Patch, Moth 61 PATENT MEDICINES AND RARE OLD PRESCRIPTIONS 465 Ague, Chills and Fever (Rare Prescription) 467 Allen's World's Hair Restorer 465 Anti-Constipation Pad 465 Ayer's Cherry Pectoral 466 Ayer's Hair Vigor 466 Ayer's Sarsaparilla 467 Barker's Bone and Nerve Liniment 467 Blood and Liver Regulator (Rare Prescription) 466 Blotches and Pimples (Rare Prescription) 473 Brinkerhoff System of Treating Piles 468 British Oil 488 Brodie's Liniment for Asthma 484 Bull's Blood Syrup 470 Burns and Scalds (Rare Prescription) 466 California Liniment 470 Cancer Paste 471 Carter's Little Liver Pills 472 Castoria 472 Catarrh Ointment (Rare Prescription) 468 Cathartic and Sure Cure for Constipation 468 Catarrh of Long Standing 467 Chamberlain's Colic, Cholera and Diarrhea Remedy 473 Colic, Cholera and Diarrhea (Rare Prescription) 469 Colic in Infants 471 Constipation 471 Corns 472 Coughs 468 Croup 459 Cuticura Ointment 474 Cuticura Resolvent 474 Diarrhea, Flux and Dysentery (Rare Prescription) 472 Dyspepsia Tonic 473 Earache (Rare Prescription) 470 Edward's Alterative and Tonic Bitters 487 Ely's Cream Balm 474 Fellow's Hypophosphites 475 Female Regulator (Rare Prescription) 474 Fever, For (Rare Prescription) 474 Flux (Rare Prescription) 474 General Tonic 475 Genuine White Oil Liniment 476 Good Samaritan Liniment 476 Grandmother's Own Cough Remedy 476 Green Mountain Salve 477 Gunn's Rheumatic Liniment 478 Haines's Golden Specific for Opium Habit 478 Hair's, Dr. B. W., Cure 473 Hall's Hair Renewer 479 Hamburg Breast Tea 488 Hamburg Drops 479 Hamlin's Wizard Oil 480 Harter's Wild Cherry Bitters 487 Headache (Rare Prescription) 476 Heartburn (Rare Prescription) 476 Heart Diseases, Fluttering, etc, (Rare Prescription) 471 Hinkley's Bone Liniment 480 Holloway's Ointment 481 Iron Tonic Bitters (Rare Prescription) 477 Itch Ointment (Rare Prescription) 478 Johnson's Liniment 484 Kellog's Red Drops 481 Kelly's Tonic 486 Kickapoo Indian Oil 481 Kidney and Liver Cure (Rare Prescription) 478

[934 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Laxative Bromo-Quinine Tablets 468 Liniment (Rare Prescription) 479 Liver Pills (Rare Prescription) 479 Lombard's Secret Cancer Remedies 471 Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 469 Madame Rupert's Face Bleach 473 Mitchell's Eye Salve 482 Mother Siegel's Syrup 482 Nervousness (Rare Prescription) 480 Neuralgia (Rare Prescription) 481 New York Sun Cholera Cure 480 Pain Killer, External 481 Paine's Celery Compound 488 Parry's Comp. Sarsaparilla Blood Purifier 483 Patterson's Emulsion of Pumpkin Seeds 483 Perry Davis's Pain Killer 484 Pierce's Compound Extract of Smartweed 488 Poison Oak and Ivy (Rare Prescription) 481 Radway's Pills 488 Relief from Asthma (Rare Prescription) 465 Rheumatism, Internal Use (Rare Prescription) 482 Royal Catarrh Cure 467 Sage's Catarrh Cure 484 Salve for Boils and Old Sores (Rare Prescription) 466 Saul's Catarrh Remedy 485 St. Jacob's Oil 485 Scald Head (Rare Prescription) 482 Scrofula (Rare Prescription) 482 Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair Grower 485 Skinner's Dandruff Mixture 485 Smith's Electric Oil 470 Sore Eyes (Rare Prescription) 470 Sore Throat (Rare Prescription) 475 Southern Cholera Cure 483 Syrup of Figs 485 Tape Worm (Rare Prescription) 483 Thomas's Electric Oil 486 Tonic, General (Rare Prescription) 475 Toothache (Rare Prescription) 483 Van Buskirk's Fragrant Sozodont 486 Watt's Anti-Rheumatic Pills 487 White's Cough Syrup 487 Whooping Cough (Rare Prescription) 484 Patterson's Emulsion of Pumpkin Seeds 483 Pediculus Capitis 78 Pediculus Corporis 78 Pediculus Pubis 78 Pelvis, The 490 Pemphigus 79 Peptonized Milk 594 Peptonized Milk 653 Cold Process 653 Pericarditis 341 Primary or First Cause 341 Symptoms 341 Treatment of Pericarditis 341 Periproctitis 137, 151 Perineum and Cervix, operation for 664 Peritoneum, Inflammation of the 133 Peritonitis, Acute; General 133 Causes 133 Symptoms 133 Recovery, Prognosis, etc 134 Peritonitis, Local, 134 Symptoms 134 Treatment of Acute Peritonitis 134 For Vomiting 134 Diet 134 Peritonitis, Tubercular 134 Symptoms 134 Treatment 134 Permanent Teeth, Usual Order 619

Pernicious Anaemia 250 Condition 250 Symptoms 250 Treatment 250 Pernicious Malarial Fever 229 Perry Davis's Pain Killer 484 Pertussis 180 Pterygium 352 Pruritus Ani 143 Pharyngitis, Acute 21 Pharyngeal Catarrh, Acute 21 Pharyngeal Diphtheria 184 Pharyngeal Tonsil 8 Pharynx, Inflammation of 21 Phlebitis 345 Causes 345 Symptoms 345 Treatment 345 Pierce's Comp. Extract of Smart weed 488 Piles 145 Varieties 146 Causes 146 External Piles 146 Skin Piles, (Cutaneous) 147 Mothers' Remedies 147 1. Sulphur and Glycerin for 147 2. Strongly recommended remedy for 147 3. Good Salve for 147 4. Smartweed Salve for 147 5. Cold Water Cure for 147 6. Simple Application and Relief from 147 7. Steaming with Chamomile Tea for 147 Physicians' Treatment for Piles 148 What to do first 148 Lead and Laudannm Wash 148 1. Soothing Ointment for 148 2. Salve for 148 3. For External Piles 148 4. If there is much Itching 148 5. I Use quite frequently 148 Operation for Piles 149 Cutaneous Skin Piles Operated upon 149 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 679 1. Prescription for 679 Piles (Herb Remedies) 410, 420, 423, 426, 442 Piles, Internal 149 Symptoms 149 Recovery, Pain, etc 150 Physicians' Treatment for Piles 150 1. For Inflamed piles 150 2. For Bathing the Piles 150 3. When there is Slight Bleeding 150 4. If the Protruded Piles are Inflamed 150 5. An Ointment 151 6. Tea of White Oak Bark for 151 7. Take a rectal Injection 151 Preventive, Treatment 151 For Constipation 151 Habits 151 Diet 151 Foods Allowed 151 Piles, Itching 143 Pile, Operation for 664 Pimples 61 Pinworms 46 Placenta Praevia 527 Plague 225 Causes 225 Bubonic Plague 225 Septicemia type 225 Pneumonia type 225 Symptoms 225 Pneumonic Plague 226 Septicemic Plague 226 Treatment, Prevention 226 Plague, Bubonic 225 Plasters, Capsicum and Belladonna 635

[MEDICAL INDEX 935]

Pleura, Inflammation of the 41 Pleurisy Diagnosis of 4 Pleurisy, Acute 41 Causes 42 Diet and Nursing 42 Physicians' Treatment 42 1. Home Treatment 42 2. Other Home Remedies 42 3. Fomentations 43 4. Camphorated Oil for 43 5. Adhesive Plaster 43 6. Tincture of Aconite 43 7. Hypodermic of Morphine 43 Pleurisy, Acute (Herb Remedies) 420, 428, 434, 444 Pleurisy, Operation for 664 Pleurodynia 323 Plumbism, Saturnism 374 Pneumonia, Diagnosis of 4 Pneumonia 218 Causes of pneumonia 218 Symptoms 218 Mothers' Remedies 219 1. Salt Pork for Inflammation for 219 2. Raspberry Tincture for Inflammation of 219 3. Herb Ointment 219 4. Mullein for 219 5. Salve for Weak 219 Physicians' Treatment for Lungs 219 Fomentations 220 Pneumonia (Herb Remedies) 434 Pneumonia, Brancho 40 Poisoning 621 POISONS, ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES (Chapter) 376 Poisoning, Bland Drink After 438 Poisoning, Food 374 Poisoning, Ivy 92 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 679 1. Buttermilk and Salt Heals 679 2. Lead Water and Laudanum 679 3. Excellent Cure for 679 Poisoning, Lead 374 Poison Oak and Ivy, (Rare Prescription) 481 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 680 1. Gunpowder and Lard for 680 POISONS, SYMPTOMS, TREATMENTS, ANTIDOTES AND STIMULANTS 400 Poisoned Wounds 377 Polypus, Nasal 19 Posterior Spinal Sclerosis 305 Post Nasal Growths 8 Poultice (Herb Remedies) 424, 429 Poultice of Peach Tree Leaves from our Mothers' List 634 Pregnancy, Accidents of 524 Pregnancy, Cramps during (Herb Remedies) 420, 439 Premature Labor 524 Prevention of Conception 494 Prickly Heat Rash 76 Symptoms 76 Cause 76 Mothers' Remedies 76 1. Soda Water for 76 2. Relief from pain of 76 3. Burnt Cornstarch for 76 4. Soothing Ointment for 76 Physicians' Treatment for Prickly Heat 77 Chafing 77 Mothers' Remedies for Chafing 77 1. Fuller's Earth Eases 77 2. Good Home Remedy for 77 3. Borax and Zinc stops 77 4. Common Flour Good to Stop 77 Proctitis 137 Podogra 315 Prolapse 137 Proprietary Foods 622 Prostate, Diseases of the 163 Prostate, Hypertrophy of the 164 Symptoms 164 Treatment, Preventive 164 Prostration, Nervous 280 Pruritis 495 Pseudo-Leukaemia 252 Psoriasis 79 Pulse 642 Purifier, Blood (Herb Remedies) 422 Purpura 253 Symptoms 253 1. Symptomatic Purpura 253 2. Type Arthritic Purpura 253 Purpura Haemorrhagic 253 Symptoms 253 Treatment 254 Pyelitis 160 Symptoms 161 Treatment 161 Diet 161 Pyemia 223 Symptoms 223 Local Treatment 223 General Treatment 223 Quinsy 190 Radway's Pills 488 Rash, Nettle 89 Rash, Nettle (Herb Remedies) 442 Rash, Prickly Heat 76 Raspberry Shrub 646 Raspberry Vinegar 647 Rectal Douche 641 Rectocele 514 Rectum, Abscess around the 151 Rectum, Diseases of the 136 Rectum. Neuralgia of the 137 Relief for Asthma (Rare Prescription) 465 Remittent Fever 228 Renal Calculus 161 Respiration (Breathing) 642 RESPIRATORY DISEASES 6 Resuscitate the Drowned, To 397 Retina 347 Retina, Inflammation of the 355 Retinitis, Albuminuric 355 Rheumatism 678 Liniment sent us from a Gentleman in Canada 678 Rheumatic Arthritis 314 Rheumatism Articular 317 Rheumatism Chronic 321 Rheumatism, Chronic (Herb Remedies) 414, 434, 435, 440 Rheumatic Fever, Diagnosis of 4 Rheumatic Rever (Articular Rheumatism) 317 Causes 317 Predisposing 318 Condition 318 Symptoms 318 Fever 318 Mothers' Remedies 318 1. Salicylate of Soda Treatment 319 2. Cotton Excellent for Inflammatory 319 Prevention 319 1. Physicians' Causes 320 2. Hot Fomentations 320 3. The Following is Good 320 4. A Prescription 320 5. A Layer or Two of Gauze Saturated with Methylsalicylate 320 6. Internal 320

[936 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

7. Dr. Hare Recommend 320 Nursing 321 Diet 321 Rheumatism, Gonorrheal 236 Rheumatism, Gonorrheal (Herb Remedies) 429, 430 Rheumatic Gout 314 Rheumatic Anthritis 314 Arthritis Deformans 314 Causes 314 Conditions 314 Symptoms 314 Acute 314 Chronic Type 315 Monarticular or One Joint Type 315 Recovery 315 General Treatment 315 Local 315 Rheumatic Headache 268 Rheumatism, Diagnosis of Inflammatory 4 Mothers' Remedy (Unclassified) 677 1. Salt Petre and Sweet Oil for 677 Rheumatism, Internal Use (Rare Prescription) 482 Rheumatism, Muscular 323 Rheumatism, Muscular (Herb Remedies) 415, 426, 434 Rhinitis, Acute 10 Rhinitis, Chronic 14 Ribs, Broken 382 Rickets 614 Ringworm 86 Varieties 86 Ringworm of the Body 86 Mothers' Remedies 86 1. Gunpowder and Vinegar for 86 2. Cigar Ashes for 86 3. Kerosene for 86 4. Ontario Mother Cured Boy of 86 5. Another from a Mother at Valdosta, Georgia 86 6. Egg Skin Remedy for 86 7. From a Mother at Owosso, Michigan 86 Physicians' Treatment 86 1. For Infants and Children 86 2. Corrosive Sublimate 87 3. Ammoniated Mercury 87 4. For Ringworm 87 5. For Ringworm 87 Ringworm (Herb Remedies) 413 Ringworm of the Beard 87 Ringworm of the Scalp 87 Cautions and Treatment 87 1. Carbolic Acid 87 2. Oleate of Mercury 87 3. Sulphur Ointment 87 4. Tincture of Iodine 87 Root Beer 646 Rose, Cold 17 Rough on Rats, Poison by 406 Round Worm 44 Royal Catarrh Cure 467 Rupture 122 Location 123 Symptoms 123 Mothers' Remedies 123 1. Poultice for 123 Physicians' Treatment 123 Irreducible Ruptures 123 Strangulated Hernia or Rupture 124 Symptoms 124 Mothers' Remedies 124 1. Hop Poultice 124 Physicians' Treatment 124 To Reduce 124 Caution 124 Mothers' Remedy (Unclassified) 680 1. Herb Remedy for 680 Rupture in a Baby 620 Rupture of the Spleen 256

St. Jacob's Oil 485 Sad Mania 312 Sage's Catarrh Cure 484 Sago Custard 647 Salpingitis 502 Salt (Medical Use) 668 Saltpetre, Poison by 406 Salt Rheum 67 Mothers' Remedies 67 1. Alum Wash and Cathartic for 67 2. Ammonia and Camphor 68 3. Cactus Leaf Cure for 68 4. Pine Tar for 68 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 680 1. Well Tried Remedy for 680 Salt Rheum (Herb Remedies) 416, 434 Salve for Boils and Old Sores (Rare Prescription) 466 Salve, Splendid General 681 Santonin, Poison by 407 Saul's Catarrh Remedy 485 Scalds, Mothers' Remedies for 387 Scalds (Herb Remedies) 420 Scald Head 617 Scald Head (Rare Prescription) 482 Scalding Urine (Herb Remedies) 440 Scalp, Care of 550 Scalp, Ringworm of the 87 Scarlet Fever, Diagnosis of 5 Scarlet Fever 167 Definition 167 Modes of Conveying 167 Remains in the Room, How Long? 168 Age, Occurrence, Susceptibility 168 How Often? 168 Incubation 168 Contagion 168 Onset 168 Rash 168 Fever 168 Sore Throat 169 Tongue 169 Scaling 169 Complications, Nose 169 Ear 169 Eye 169 Kidneys 170 Heart 170 Joints 170 Chorea 170 Diagnosis 170 From Measles 170 Recovery 170 Sanitary Care of Room and Patient 170 City and State Supervision 171 How to Prevent and Avoid Scarlet Fever 171 Sanitary Care of Infected and Sick Persons and Rooms 172 The Room in Which One is Sick with this Disease 172 Soiled Clothing, Towels, Bed Linen, etc 172 The Discharges 173 All Cups, Glasses, Spoons, etc 173 Foods and Drinks 173 Persons Recovering from Scarlet Fever 173 Diet and Nursing 173 During the Sickness 174 Special Treatment 174 Dropsy in Scarlet Fever 175 How Soon May a Convalescent Person Associate with the Healthy 175 Caution 175 Scarlet Fever (Herb Remedies) 422 Scarlatina, Diagnosis of 5 Schaefer Method of Artificial Respiration 397

[MEDICAL INDEX 937]

Sciatica 266 Schools at Medicines 660 Sclerosis of the Liver 131 Scrofula 212 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 681 1. A Good Remedy for 681 Scrofula (Herb Remedies) 415, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 444, 445, 447 Scrofula (Rare Prescription} 482 Scurvy 615 Scurvy (Herb Remedies) 434, 444, 447 Sebaceous Cyst 85 Seborrhea 83 Secretion, Lessened Sweat 57 Senile Cataract 354 Symptoms of Senile (Old Age) Cataract 354 Course 354 Septicemia 222, 223 Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair Grower 485 Shingles 74 Definition 74 Symptoms 74 Causes 74 Mothers' Remedies 74 1. Herb Remedy for 74 2. Mercury Ointment for 74 Physicians' Treatment 75 Shocked, Electrically 397 Shoulder Joint Dislocation 380 Sick Headache (Herb Remedies) 413, 414 Simple Acne 53 Simple Angina 21 Skin, Diseases of the 52 Macule Spots (Patches) 53 Papule (Pimple) 53 Tubercle (Node Lump) 53 Tumors 53 Wheel 53 Vesicle 53 Bleb 53 Pustule 53 Scale 53 Crust 53 Excoriation 53 Fissures 53 Ulcer (Sores) 53 Scar 53 Pigmentation 53 Skin, Diseases of the (Herb Remedies) 415, 430, 435, 436, 438, 447 Skin Diseases Produced by Lice 78 Skin, Inflammation of the 62 Skin, Inflammation of the (Herb Remedies) 412 Skinner's Dandruff Cure 485 Sleep 603 Sleeplessness 299 Sleeplessness (Herb Remedies} 426, 430, 439 Smallpox, Diagnosis of 4 Smallpox 201 Causes 201 Symptoms 201 Eruptions 201 Confluent Form 201 Varioloid 201 Treatment 202 Diet 202 Nursing 202 General Rule for Disinfection 203 Hands, Body, etc 203 Vaccination and Re-vaccination and its Prevention of Smallpox 203 A Good Time to be Vaccinated 203 Why Vaccinate? 203 Smallpox entirely prevented by re-vaccination 204 Who Should Be Vaccinated 204 Who Should Not Be Vaccinated 205 When Should a Person be Vaccinated? 205 Vaccination after Exposure to Smallpox 205 With what should one be vaccinated? 206 Where Vaccination Should Be Performed? 206 After Vaccination 206 Common Appearances after Vaccination 206 What to do during and after Vaccination? 207 Make a Record of your Vaccination? 207 Lives Saved from Smallpox in Michigan 207 Smith's Electric Oil 470 Smooth Tonsilitis, Diagnosis of 5 Snake Bites 377 Symptoms of a Snake Bite 378 Treatment 378 First thing to do 378 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 680 1. Simple Poultice for 680 2. Onions and Salt for 681 Snake Bite (Herb Remedies) 434 Soda (Medical Use) 669 Salt Water Bath, Tonic Action 630 Softening of the Brain 298 Soft Diet 644 Soothing Syrup, Overdose of 622 Sore Eyes (Rare Prescription) 470, 549 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 681 1. Camphor and Breast Milk for 681 Sore Mouth, Canker 97 Sore Mouth, Canker (Herb Remedies) 410, 420, 442, 444 Sore Throat 21 Symptoms 21 Chronic 21 Prevention of the Chronic Kind 21 Prevention of the Acute Kind 21 Mothers' Remedies 21 1. Used for Years Successfully 21 2. Splendid Liniment for 22 3. Simple Gargle for 22 4. Home Made Salve for 22 5. Cold Packs Sure Cure for 22 6. Ointment for 22 7. Remedy from a Mother in Johnson City, Tenn 22 8. Gargle and Application for 23 9. Vinegar Gargle for 23 10. Alum and Vinegar for 23 11. Kerosene for 23 12. Remedy always at hand 23 13. Simple Remedy for 23 Physicians' Treatment for Sore Throat 23 1. Inhalation of Steam 23 2. Sulphur and Cream for 23 3. Good Old Mothers' Remedies 23 1. Physicians' Local Treatment 24 2. When the Attack is Mild 24 3. I like the following at the beginning 24 4. For Chronic Catarrh 24 5. Other Gargles 24 6. Snuff 24 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 681 1. Mustard Plaster for 681 Sore Throat (Herb Remedies) 418, 420, 431, 434, 442 Sore Throat (Rare Prescription) 475 Sores or Ulcers 72 Sores or Ulcers (Herb Remedies) 410, 412, 413, 416, 431, 434, 447 Southern Cholera Cure 483 Spasms 542, 616 Spasms (Herb Remedies) 420, 432 Spasmodic Asthma 37 Spasm of the Glottis 26 Special Diseases 265 Spice Plaster 635 Spice Poultice 634 Spice Poultice from a Stanlyton, Va., Mother 634

[938 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Spinal Cord, Injuries of 303 Causes 303 Symptoms 303 Treatment 303 Traumatism of the Cord 303 Symptoms 303 Recovery 304 Treatment, Immediate 304 Spinal Cord, Organic Diseases of 304 Spine, Concussion of the 303 Splinters 621 Splinter, to Extract 682 Splints 381 Spoiled Foods, Poison by 407 Sponge Bath 630 Spots, Liver 61 Spotted Fever, Diagnosis of 4 Sprains 383 Sprains (Herb Remedies) 410 Squint 356 Internal or Convergent Squint 356 External or Divergent Squint 356 Causes of Convergent (Internal) Squint 356 Treatment 356 External (Divergent Squint) 356 Squint, Operation for 664 Stab Wounds 303 Stammering 301 Mothers' Remedies 301 1. Easy Cure for 301 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 681 1. Canadian Mother's Treatment for 681 Physicians' Treatment 301 Starch Bath 630 Starch and Laudanum 641 Starch Poultice 632 Steatoma 85 Sterilization 624 Sterilized Milk 593 Sterilizing, A Simple Method of 593 Stiff Neck 324 Stimulant (Herb Remedies) 433 Stings 379 Mothers' Remedies 379 1. Leaves of Geranium Good for Bee or Wasp 379 2. Simple Remedy for 379 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 681 1. Old Tried Canadian Remedy for 681 2. From Nettles 681 Stings (Herb Remedies) 412, 443 Stomach, Bleeding from 107 Stomach, Cancer of the 106, 334 Stomach Headache 270 Stomach, Neuralgia of the 107 Stomach, Operation for 665 Stomach, Acute Inflammation of the 111 Stomach Trouble 103 Stomach Trouble (Herb Remedies) 439, 442, 443 Stomach, Diagnosis of Ulcer of the 5 Stomatitis Aphthous 97 Stomatitis, Gangrenous 99 Strabismus 356 Strychnine, Poison by 407 Stye 348 Causes 348 Symptoms 348 Course 348 Mothers' Remedies 348 1. Home Method to Kill 348 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 681 1. Common Tea Leaves for 681 Treatment 349 Suffocated, Treatment of 397 Sugar, Kind to Use 578 Sulphuric Acid, Poison by 407 Sulphur (Medical Use) 670 Summer Complaint, Prepared Flour for 648 Sunburn 90 Mothers' Remedies 91 1. Lemon Juice and Vinegar for 91 2. Ammonia Water for 91 3. Relief from Pain and Smarting of 91 4. Preparation for 91 Physicians' Treatment 91 1. For Sunburn 91 2. For Sunburn 91 3. The following is a good combination 91 Sunstrokes 375 Symptoms 375 Prognosis 376 Mothers' Remedies 376 1. Quick Method to Relieve 376 Treatment 376 For Severe Cases 376 Medicine 376 Sunstrokes and Intoxicants (Chapter) 371 Superficial Felons 70 Suppurative Tonsilitis 190 Sweating, to Cause (Herb Remedies) 441, 443, 444 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 681 1. Sweating, to Cause 681 2. Another 682 Sweating, Excessive 75 Symptoms 75 Causes 75 Treatment 75 Application for the Local Treatment 75 White Oak Bark for 75 Sweating, Excessive (Herb Remedies) 426, 432, 434 Sweating, Foul 57 Symptoms 57 Mothers' Remedies 57 1. Alum Water for 57 2. Borax and Alcohol for 57 3. Simple Home Remedy for 57 Physicians' Treatment 57 1. Dressing Powders 57 2. Boric Acid, powdered, may also be used 57 3. Dusting Powder 57 4. One per cent Solution 58 Sweat, Lessened Secretion of 57 Sweats, Night 44 Swellings (Herb Remedies) 429, 443 Swelling of the Glottis 26 Symptoms 26 Sympathetic Inflammation of the Eye 334 Sympathetic Ophthalmia 354 Syphilis 415 Syphilis (Herb Remedies) 415, 429, 434, 435, 436, 438, 440 Syrup of Figs 485

Table 636 Taenia Saginata 48 Taenia Solium 48 Talipes 370 Tape Worm 48 Tape Worm (Rare Prescription) 483 Tapioca Jelly 652 Tartar Emetic, Poison by 407 Taste 307 Taste Buds 307 Taste Buds, Plate of 308 Teeth 563 Teething 560, 618 Tegumentary (Skin) Leprosy 238 Temperature (Fever) Under the Tongue, Arm-pit 642 Temperature of the Room 624 Tetanus 231 Tetter, Dry 63

[MEDICAL INDEX 939]

Tetter, Humid 63 Things in the Ear 395 Things in the Nose 396 Thomas's Electric Oil 486 Thread Worm 46 Throat, Sore 21 Throat, Sore (Herb Remedies) 418, 420, 425, 431, 434, 437, 442, 444 Thrush 551 Thumb, Dislocation 380 Thyroid Gland, Diseases of 258 Symptoms 258 Treatment 258 Thyroiditis 258 Tic Doloureux 265 Tickling in Throat 25 Tinea Trichophytina 86 Tobacco, Poison by 407 Toe-Nail, Ingrowing 395 Tongue, The 642 Ulcers 643 High Fever 643 Dark Brown or Blackish Coating 643 Strawberry Tongue 643 Cankered Tongue 643 Cholera Infantum 643 Constipation 643 Biliousness 643 Tonic (Herb Remedies) 424, 425, 428, 432, 444, 445 Tonic, General (Rare Prescription) 475 Tonsilitis, Diagnosis of 5 Tonsilitis, Acute 187 Follicular, Inflammation of 187 Causes 187 Symptoms 187 Diagnosis Between Acute Tonsilitis and Diphtheria 188 Mothers' Remedies 188 1. Raw Onion for 188 2. Peppermint Oil good for 188 3. Borax Water for 188 4. Salt and Pepper with relieve 188 5. Peroxide of Hydrogen will cure 188 6. A Remedy Effective for 188 Physicians' Treatment for Tonsilitis 189 1. Home Treatment 189 2. Smartweed 189 3. Salt Pork for 189 4. Liniment 189 5. Internally 189 6. Hot Water 189 7. Thyme 189 8. Steaming with Compound Tincture of Benzoin 189 9. For the Pain 189 10. Medicines, Parke, Davis & Co., Anti-Tonsilitis Tablet No. 645 is very good 190 11. Aspirin 190 12. Dr. Hare of Philadelphia 190 Tonsilitis, Suppurative 190 Tonsils, Operation for 665 Tonsil, Pharyngeal 8 Toothache 119 Mothers' Remedies 119 1. Dry Salt and Alum for 119 2. Oil of Cloves quick relief for 119 3. Home Made Poultice for 119 4. Clove Oil and Chloroform 119 5. Sure Cure for 119 6. Salt and Alum Water for 119 7. Oil of Cinnamon for 119 8. Reliable Remedy for 119 9. From Decoyed Teeth 120 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 682 1. Benzoin for 82 2. Oil of Cinnamon for 682 Physicians' Treatment 121 Toothache (Herb Remedies) 418 Toothache (Rare Prescription) 483 Tooth Powders 120 Mothers' Tooth Powders 120 1. The Ashes of Burnt Grape Vine 120 2. Tooth Powder 120 3. Tooth Powder 120 4. Tooth Powder 120 5. Tooth Wash 120 6. Commonly Used 120 Torticollis 323 Tracheotomy and Intubation, Operation for 664 Traumatism of the Cord 303 Symptoms 303 Recovery 304 Treatment, Immediate 304 Tremens, Delirium 372 Trichiniasis 50 Modes of Infection 51 Symptoms 51 Physicians' Treatment 52 Tricuspid Stenosis (narrowing) 344 Recovery 344 Treatment: (a) While Compensated 344 (b) The Stage of Broken Compensation 344 Tricuspid (Valve) Insufficiency 344 Cause 344 Trifacial Neuralgia 265 Tub Bath (common) 631 Tuberculosis of the Lungs, Diagnosis of 5 Tuberculosis 211 Forms-The Lungs 211 Ordinary Consumption 211 1. Acute Miliary Tuberculosis 211 (a) Acute General Miliary Tuberculosis 211 (b) Pulmonary (Lung) Type 211 (c) Tubercular Meningitis 211 2. Tuberculosis of the lymph nodes (glands) 212 3. Tuberculous Pleurisy 212 4. Tuberculous Pericarditis 212 5. Tuberculous Peritonitis 212 6. Tuberculosis of the Larynx 212 7. Acute Pneumonia (Pulmonary Tuberculosis) or Galloping Consumption 212 8. Chronic Ulcerative Pulmonary Tuberculosis 212 9. Chronic Miliary Tuberculosis 212 10. Tuberculosis of the Alimentary Canal 212 11. Tuberculosis of the Brain 212 12. Tuberculosis of the Liver, Kidneys, Bladder, etc 212 13. Tuberculosis of Joints 212 Mesenteric Kind 212 Mothers' Remedies 212 1. Simple Home Method to Break Up 212 2. Physicians' Treatment 212 Physicians' Treatment for Consumption 213 Sanitary 213 Prevention of Tuberculosis 213 Second 213 Individual Prevention 213 General Measures 214 At Home 214 Diet-Treatment 214 Diet in Tuberculosis Furnished by a Hospital 214 May Take 214 Must Not Take 214 What every person should know about Tuberculosis, whether he has had the disease or not 214 Tuberculosis (Herb Remedies) 437 Tuberculosis Patients, How to Treat the Sputum from 627 Tuberculosis, Cervical 212

[940 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Tuberculated Leprosy 238 Tubercular Meningitis 210 Tubercular Peritonitis 134 Tuberculous Tumors 297 Tumors 336 A Benign Tumor 336 A Malignant Tumor 336 Some Varieties 336 Malignant Sarcoma (Sarcomata) 336 Diagnosis 337 Treatment 337 Tumors (Herb Remedies) 412, 434, 447 Tumors of the Brain 296 Causes-Predisposing 296 Gumma 296 Tuberculous Tumors 297 Glioma 297 Sarcoma and Cancer 297 Symptoms 297 Treatment 297 For Headache 297 For Vomiting 297 Tumor of the Nose 19 Turpentine (Medical Use) 670 Turpentine and Mustard Stupes 635 Turpentine Stupes 634 Typhoid Fever, Diagnosis of 5 Typhoid Fever 195 Cause 195 Symptoms 196 Time 196 Incubation 196 First Week 196 Second Week 196 Third Week 196 Fourth Week 197 Special Symptoms and Variations 197 Walking Type 197 Digestive Symptoms 197 Diarrhea 107 Perforation of the Bowel 197 Treatment 197 Prevention 197 Sanitary Care 197 Sanitary Care of the Household Articles 198 Diet and Nursing in Typhoid Fever 198 Cold Sponging 199 The Bath 199 Medical Treatment 199 Management of the Convalescent 199 Typhus Fever 200 Symptoms 200 Eruptions 200 Fever 201 Treatment like Typhoid 200

Ulcers 72 Causes 72 Treatment 72 Chronic Ulcer 72 Mothers' Remedies 72 1. The Potato Lotion for 72 2. Chickweed Ointment for 72 3. Healing Ointment for 72 4. Excellent Salve for 72 5. An Old German Remedy for 72 6. An Antiseptic Wash for 72 7. Chickweed and Wood Sage Poultice for 73 8. Blood Root and Sweet Nitre for 73 9. A Good Combination for 73 10. A Four Ingredient Remedy for 73 11. Carrots will heal 73 12. A Remedy that Cures 73 13. Bread and Indian Meal for 13 Physicians' Treatment for Ulcers 73 Balsam of Peru is good for 74 A Salve 74 Poultice 74 Indolent Sluggish Ulcer 74 Poultice for 74 Ulcers (Herb Remedies) 410, 412, 413, 416, 431, 434, 447 Ulcer of the Cornea, Diagnosis of 5 Ulcer of the Cornea 351 Ulcer of the Stomach, Diagnosis of 5 Ulcer of the Stomach and Duodenum 106 Symptoms 106 Physicians' Treatment 106 1. Rest 106 2. Feed by the Rectum 106 Uraemia, Acute 156 Uraemia, Acute (Herb Remedies) 435 Uraemia, Chronic 156 Uraemia, Toxaemia 166 Urethritis 235 Urethritis (Herb Remedies) 415 Urinary Passage 164 Mothers' Remedies 164 1. Dandelion Root win clean 164 Urinary Passage (Herb Remedies) 411, 415, 432, 436, 443 Urine, Blood in the 156 Urine, Scalding (Herb Remedies) 440 Urticaria 89 Uterus, Cancer of the 334

Vaccination 208 Symptoms 208 Vagina, The 491 Vaginal Douche, for Cleansing the 641 Vagina, Inflammation of 496 Vaginismus 497 Vaginitis 496 Van Buskirk's Fragrant Sozodont 485 Vanilla Snow 648 Varicella 179 Varicose Veins 345 Predisposing Causes 346 Exciting Causes 346 Physicians' Treatment 346 Palliative 346 Varicose Veins (Herb Remedies) 410 Variola 201 Varix 345 Vaselin (Medical Use) 670 Venereal Diseases 494 Ventilation 623 Verucca 80 Vestibule, The 491 Vinegar (Medical Use) 673 Vomiting 115 Mothers' Remedies 115 1. Spice Poultice to Stop 115 2. Mustard Plaster to Stop 115 3. Parched Corn, Drink to Stop 115 4. Peppermint Application for 115 5. Mustard and Water for 115 6. Warm Water for 115 Physicians' Treatment 115 1. For Vomiting 115 2. For Nervous Vomiting 115 3. A Little Brandy 116 4. Oil of Cloves 116 5. Lime Water 116 6. Vinegar Fumes 116 7. Seidlitz Powder 116 8. Mustard Plaster 116 9. One-tenth drop of Ipecac 116 10. One-half drop of Fowler's Solution 116 Vomiting (Herb Remedies) 423, 433, 440 Vulva, Cysts of 406 Vulva, Inflammation of 491 Vulva, Itching of 495 Vulvitis 494

[MEDICAL INDEX 941]

Warm Baths (90 to 100 F.) 630 Wart 89 Mothers' Remedies 89 1. An Application for 89 2. Match and Turpentine for 89 3. Muriate of Ammonia for 89 4. Turpentine for 89 5. Warts, to Remove 89 6. Milkweed Removes 89 7. For Warts 89 Warts (Herb Remedies) 413, 416 Watt's Anti-Rheumatic Pills 487 Weak Back 682 Mothers' Remedies (Unclassified) 682 1. Liniment for 682 2. Turpentine, and Sweet Oil for 682 Weaning 569 Wen 85 Treatment 85 Wet Cupping 635 Whites, The 510 White's Cough Syrup 487 White Swelling 236 Whitlow 69 Whole Wheat Bread 653 Whooping Cough, Diagnosis of 5 Whooping Cough 180 Symptoms 181 The First Stage 181 Spasmodic or Second Stage 181 Stage of the Decline 182 Complications 182 Diagnosis 182 Mortality 182 Mothers' Remedies 182 1. Chestnut Leaves for 182 2. Chestnut Leaves and Cream for 182 3. Mrs. Warren's 182 4. Raspberry Tincture for 182 Physicians' Treatment for Whooping Cough 183 Medical Treatment 183 1. Good Powder 183 2. Tincture of Aconite 183 3. The Best Treatment 183 Diet 183 Whooping Cough (Herb Remedies) 437, 439 Whooping Cough (Rare Prescription) 484 Wine of Antimony (Poison by) 407 Wind-pipe, Bleeding from 38

WOMAN'S DEPARTMENT 489 Abortion (Accidents of Pregnancy) 524 Causes 525 Causes--Due to the Father--Paternal 525 Foetal Causes 525 Symptoms 525 Threatened Abortion 526 Inevitable Abortion 526 Treatment--Preventive 526 Treatment of Threatened Abortion 526 Treatment of the Inevitable Abortion 527 Placenta Praevia 527 Treatment 527 Amenorrhea 505 Causes 505 Symptoms 505 Treatment 505 Bleeding after Delivery 540 Breast Broken, Abscess 538 Breasts, Care of 538 Breasts, Inflammation of 538 Abscess, Broken Breast 538 Treatment-Preventive 538 Mothers' Remedies for Sore Breasts 539 1. A Never Failing Remedy for 539 2. An Herb Treatment for 539 3. A Hot Poultice for 539 4. Fresh Hops for 539 5. A Poultice of Peach Leaves for 539 Mothers' Remedies for Sore Nipples 539 1. A Good Wash for 539 2. A Good Family Ointment for 539 Cervix, Diseases of 497 Tear of the Cervix (Laceration) 497 Causes 497 Symptoms, Immediate and Remote 497 Remote Symptoms 497 Treatment 498 Cervix, Inflammation of the 498 Cause 498 Symptoms 498 Treatment 498 Cervix, Tear of 497 Childbirth 494 Clitoris, The 491 Convulsions (Eclampsia) 542 Treatment 542 Criminal Abortion 494 Cystocele 514 Causes 514 Symptoms 514 Treatment 514 Diseases of Women, Causes of 493 Menstruation 494 Dress 494 Prevention of Conception 494 Criminal Abortion 494 Childbirth 494 Venereal Diseases 494 Dress 494 Dysmenorrhea 507 Eclampsia 542 Endometritis 498 Endometritis, Putrid 500 Symptoms 500 Treatment 500 Diet 500 Endometritis, Septic, Puerperal 499 Symptoms 499 Treatment 499 Fallopian Tubes, Diseases of 502 Fallopian Tubes, Inflammation of 502 Fibromata 501 Genital Organs, Female, Anatomy of 490 Glands of Bartholin, The 401 Hemorrhage, Post-Partum (Bleeding After Delivery) 540 Causes 540 Symptoms 540 Treatment 540 Pulse and Temperature 541 Treatment 541 Diet 542 Hymen, The 491 Labia Majora, The 490 Labia Minora, The 490 Labor 528 Premonitory Signs of Labor 528 Stages of Labor 529 The First Stage 529 Second Stage 529 Third Stage 530 Management of Labor 530 Preparation of the Bed 530 Preparation of the Patient 530 Examination of the Patient 531 Management of the Second Stage 532 Dr. Manton, of Detroit, Says: 532 Management of the Third Stage 534 The Child 534 Another Method 535 The Mother 535 Rest 537 After-Pains 537

[942 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

The Bladder 537 The Bowels 533 Leucorrhea (The Whites) 510 Causes 510 From a Torn Cervix 510 In Inflammation of the Canal of the Cervix 510 Inflammation of the Body of the Womb 510 If the Inflammation Is Caused by Gonorrhea 510 Symptoms 510 Mothers' Remedies 510 1. Slippery Elm for 510 2. Glycerin for 511 3. Common Tea for 511 4. Witch-Hazel for 511 5. White Oak Bark for 511 6. A Good Herb Remedy for 511 7. Common Vinegar for 511 8. An Easily Prepared Remedy for 511 9. Home-Made Suppositories for 511 10. A Good Home Remedy for 512 11. A New York Doctor's Remedy for 512 Physicians' Treatment 512 Local 512 1. One Ounce of White Oak Bark 512 2. Tannic Acid and Glycerin 512 3. Lloyd's Golden Seal 512 4. This Combination Gives Good Service 512 5. Witch-Hazel in Warm Water 512 6. Many other Simple Remedies 512 Lochia, The 540 Diet 540 Menorrhagia 505 Causes 505 Local Causes 505 Symptoms 506 Physicians' Treatment for Profuse Menstruation 506 1. An Easily Prepared Remedy for 506 2. In Young Girls 506 3. Blaud's Pills Will Do Well 506 4. If the Appetite Is Poor 506 5. Tincture of Nux Vomica 506 6. Golden Seal Root 506 7. Oil of Erigeron or Flea-bane 506 8. Oil of Cinnamon 506 9. Cranesbill (Geranium Maculatum) 507 Menopause (Change of Life) 513 Symptoms 513 Mothers' Remedies 513 1. A Useful Herb Remedy for 513 2. An Old Tried Remedy for 513 3. Good Advice From an Experienced Mother 513 Physicians' Treatment 513 Menstruation 494 Menstruation, Delayed 504 Causes 505 Mothers' Remedies, Obstruction of Monthly Flow 503 1. An Herb Remedy for 505 2. Smartweed for 505 Menstruation, Difficult 507 Causes 507 Symptoms 507 Mothers' Remedies for Painful Menstruation 507 1. A Good Tonic for 507 2. A Home Remedy for 507 Physicians' Treatment 507 1. For the Attack 507 2. If the Patient's Nervous System Is Run Down 508 3. Fluid Extract of Blue Cohosh 508 4. Tincture of Pulsatilla 503 5. Tincture of Cocculus 508 Menstruation, Premature 504 Treatment 504 Menstruation, Vicarious (In Place of) 505 Midwifery, or Obstetrics 515 Milk Leg 542 Symptoms 542 Treatment 543 Diet 543 Miscarriage 524 Mons Veneris 490 Obstetrics, or Midwifery 515 Small Bodies 515 The Embryo or Impregnated Egg 515 Development of the Different Months 515 First Month 515 Second Month 515 Third Month 515 Fourth Month 516 Fifth Month 516 Sixth Month 516 Seventh Month 516 Eighth Month 516 Ninth Month 516 Nausea and Vomiting 517 Breasts 517 Bladder 517 Abdominal Changes 518 Pigmentation 518 Quickening 518 The Blood 518 Nervous System 518 Constipation Is the Rule 518 The Foetal Heart-beat 518 Pelvic Signs 519 Duration of Pregnancy 519 How to Determine Date of Confinement 519 Position of the Womb 519 Twins 519 Sex 519 Diagnosis 519 Hygiene of Pregnancy 519 Clothing 520 Food 520 Bathing 520 The Bowels and Bladder 520 Exercise, Rest and Sleep 521 The Vagina 521 The Breasts and Nipples 521 Nervous System 521 Disorders of Pregnancy 521 Mothers' Remedies 522 1. A Great Aid for 522 2. Nausea of Pregnancy, Menthol and Sweet Oil for 522 3. Bouillon or Broth for 522 4. Indigestion and Heartburn 522 Teeth 523 Constipation 523 Difficult Breathing 523 Varicose Veins and Piles 523 Piles 523 Albumin in the Urine (Albuminuria) 524 Treatment 524 Organs of Generation, The Internal 491 Ovaries, The 493 Ovary, Diseases of 503 Ovaries, Inflammation of the 503 Causes 503 Symptoms 503 Treatment 503 Physicians' Treatment 503 Ovaries, Tumors of the 504 Symptoms 504 Treatment 504 Ovaritis 503 Pelvis, The 400 Placenta Praevia 527 Pregnancy, Accidents of 524 Premature Labor (Accidents of Pregnancy) 524

[MEDICAL INDEX 943]

Prevention of Conception 494 Pruritis 495 Rectocele 514 Causes 514 Symptoms 514 Treatment 514 Salpingitis 502 Causes 502 Symptoms 502 The Symptoms of the Chronic Variety 502 Treatment of the Acute Kind 503 For the Chronic Variety 503 Vagina, The 491 Vagina, Inflammation of 496 Varieties 496 1. Catarrhal or Simple Form 496 2. Granular 496 3. Gonorrheal Form 496 4. Diphtheritic 497 5. Senile Type 497 Symptoms 497 Treatment (In Acute Cases) 497 In Chronic Cases 497 Vaginismus 497 Treatment 497 Vaginitis 496 Venereal Diseases 494 Vestibule, The 491 Vulva, Cyst of 496 Cause 496 Symptoms 496 Condition 496 Treatment 496 Vulva, Inflammation of the 494 Causes 494 Other Causes 494 In Infants 495 Symptoms and Condition of the Parts 495 Treatment 495 1. If There Is Much Pain 495 2. For Chronic Form 495 Vulva, Itching of the 495 Causes 495 Parts Irritable 495 Symptoms 495 Treatment 496 Local 496 Vulvitis 494 Whites, The 510 Womb, Cancer of the Body of 500 Treatment 500 Womb, Displacements 508 Causes 508 Symptoms 508 Treatment 509 Operations 509 Womb, Falling or Prolapse of 509 For the Incomplete Falling 509 For the Complete Falling 509 Mothers' Remedies 509 1. Unicorn Root for 509 2. A Fine Herb Combination for 509 3. A Physician's Treatment for 509 4. A Never-Failing Remedy for 510 5. White Oak Bark for 510 Womb, Fibroid Tumors of 501 1. Interstitial 501 2. Sub-Mucus (Under the Mucous Membrane) 501 3. Sub-Peritoneal 501 Causes 501 Symptoms 501 Mothers' Remedy 501 1. Common Wood Cactus for 501 Treatment 501 Symptoms Calling for an Operation 501 Womb, Inflammation of the Lining of the 498 Causes 498 Acute Variety 498 Gonorrheal Variety, Symptoms 498 Mothers' Remedy 499 1. A Good Tonic for 499 Physicians' Treatment 499 Womb, Malignant Diseases of 500 Causes 500 Symptoms 500 Treatment 500 Womb, Subinvolution 501 Causes 501 Symptoms 501 Results 502 Treatment 502 Womb, Bleeding from the (Herb Remedies) 412, 413, 423 Womb, Cancer of the Body of 500 Womb, Displacements of 508 Womb, Falling or Prolapse 509 Womb, Fibroid Tumors of 501 Womb Headache 271 Womb, Inflammation of the Lining of 498 Womb, Malignant Disease of 500 Womb, Subinvolution 501 Wool Sorters' Disease 230 Worms, Flesh 61 Worms, Pin 46 Worm, Round 44 Symptoms 45 Mothers' Remedies 45 1. Sage Tea for 45 2. Tansy Remedy for 45 3. Peach Leaf Tea for 45 Physicians' Treatment 45 1. Dr. Osler of Oxford, England, recommends as follows 45 2. Dr. Ritter's Santonin Remedy 45 3. Dr. Douglas, of Detroit, Michigan 46 4. The Following Is from Professor Stille 46 Worm, Round (Herb Remedies) 414, 432, 446 Worm, Tape 48 Symptoms 48 Treatment, Preventive 49 Mothers' Remedies 49 1. Pumpkin Seed Tea for 49 2. Another Good Remedy for 49 3. Ontario Mothers' Remedy for 49 4. Successful Remedy for Children or Adults 49 Physicians' Treatment 49 Preparing the Patient 49 Giving the Remedy and Receiving the Worm 49 1. Light Diet 50 2. Pelletierine Remedy for 50 3. Infusion and Emulsion for 50 4. An Old-Time Remedy for 50 Worm, Thread 46 Mothers' Remedies 46 1. Aloes Treatment for 46 2. Pink Root for 46 3. Quassia Chips for 47 4. Lime Water Injection for 47 5. Salt Water Remedy for 47 Physicians' Treatment 47 1. Santonin in Small Doses and Mild Purgative Like Rhubarb 47 2. Santonin for 47 3. Dr. Tooker of Chicago, Illinois 47 4. Dr. Tooker Gives Another Method 47 5. Another Remedy for 47 6. Spearmint Treatment for 47 7. Internal Treatment for 48 8. Tincture of Cina, to Accompany Injection 48

[944 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Worm, Thread (Herb Remedies) 423, 432, 446 Wounds 621 Wounds, Punctured 393 Wounds, Rusty Nail 393 Wounds, Stab 392 Wounds, Torn 393 Wounds, Torn (Herb Remedies) 430, 434, 443 Writer's Cramp 292 Causes 292 Symptoms 292 Recovery 292 Physicians' Treatment 292 Wry Neck 324 Yeast Poultice 633 Yellow Fever 224

INDEX TO MANNERS AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS INCLUDING PAGES 683 TO 790

MANNERS' AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS 683 Afternoon Wear 768 Incongruity in Dress 768 Appropriate Dress for Women 768 Bachelor Hospitality 704 Bachelor and the Chaperon, The 764 Cheaper Ways of Entertaining 765 Bachelor's Chafing Dish, The 765 Village Society, In 766 Should He Offer His Arm? 766 The Outside of the Walk 766 Minor Matters of Men's Etiquette 766 Cards and Calls 766 Bad Habits 767 Car Fare Question, The 767 Balls, the Etiquette of 722 Calls, the Etiquette of 690 Time and Manner 690 Men's Demeanor 690 "Pour Prendre Conge" 691 Girls' Manners 691 First Calls 691 Calls After Wedding 740 Card, Calling, Etiquette 688 For Women 688 A General Rule 688 After Social Functions 688 After Absence 688 For Men 689 Letters of Introduction 689 At a Hotel 689 Styles in Cards 689 Uses of Names 689 Carriage Etiquette 777 Minor Items 778 Children's Parties 727 Games 727 Supper 727 Games for Older Children 727 Christening Ceremonies 747 Ceremony, The 747 Sponsors 748 Church Christenings 748 Church Etiquette 776 Friendly Advances 776 Demeanor 776 Civility in Public 778 Rude Tourists 778 Telephone Etiquette 779 Concerning Introductions 685 Women and Introductions 685 When Calling 685 General Introductions 686 Men and Introductions 686 A Few Things Not to Do 686 In Company 687 School Girls' Etiquette 687 Cook's Work, The 781 Should Understand Duties 781 Nurse, The 782 Debutante, The 721 A Grave Mistake 721 Her Dress 721 If Not a Belle 722 Decollette Gowns Are Worn When? 769 Wearing the Hat 769 Ornaments 769 Debutante's Dress, The 769 Dressing on Modest Allowance 770 Dinner, The Informal 700 Family Dinners 701 Requirements 701 Setting the Table 702 Dinners and Luncheons 698 Formal Dinners 698 Serving the Dinner 698 The Help Required 699 Precedence 700 Be Prompt 700 Dress for Elderly Women 770 Suitable, The 770 Duties of a Chaperon 771 Mothers as Chaperons 771 Chaperon's Lot Not Easy 771 Chaperon a Social Help 771 Chaperon of the Motherless Girl, The 772 Avoid Espionage 772 Girls and the Chaperon, The 772 Chaperon in Middle Class Society, The 772 Duties and Dress of Servants 779 Maid, The One 779 Instructing the Maid 780 Maid's Serving, the 780 Duties of Waitress and Cook 781 Engagements, Announcement of 729 How Disclosed 729 After the Announcement 730 Girl's Behavior, The 730 Length of Engagement 730 Breaking Off 731 Wedding Trousseau, The 731 Engagements, Concerning 728 Parental Wishes 728 Entertainments, At Small 723 Card Parties 724 At the Party 724 Etiquette for Children 726 First Lessons 726 Etiquette of Correspondence, The 755 Essentials, The 756 Letter Forms 756 Abbreviations 757 What Not to Do 757 Placing the Stamps 758

[ MANNERS AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS 945]

When to Write 758 Care in Writing 758 Keeping Letters 759 Letters of Congratulation and Condolence 759 Etiquette of Dress, The 767

Garden Parties 723 Refreshments 723 Guests, What is Expected of the 712 Dress at Week-End Visits 712 Men's Wear 712 Guests, The Obligations of 715 About Being Thoughtful 715 Outside Acquaintance 716 Other Points to Observe 716 Concerning Departure 716 At Home Again 717

Hat, The Etiquette of the 761 Coachman's Salute, The 762 Hat, When to Raise the 762 At Other Times 762 Hat and Coat When Calling 763 Home Wedding, The 740 Correct Attire 740 After the Wedding 742 Wedding Gifts 742 What to Give 742 Acknowledgments 743 Wedding Decorations 743 Hospitality in the Home 708 Real Hospitality 703 Short Visits 709 The Unexpected Visit 709 The Inopportune Arrival 709 Visits that Save Expense 710 Hostess, The Duties of 713 The Visitors' Comfort 713 Preparing for Company 713 The Hostess's Invitations 714 The Visitor's Entertainments 714

Invitations 692 Invitations, Formulas for 692 Replies 693 Must Not Ask Invitations 694 Other Particulars 694 Informal Invitations 694 Afternoon Tea 695 The Verbal Invitation 695

Luncheons 703 Formal Luncheons 703 Minor Particulars 703 Large Luncheons 704

Manners for Men 760 Value of Courtesy 760 Manners of the Gentleman, The 760 Training, A Matter of 761 Politeness an Armor 761 Manners and Social Customs 683 Importance of Knowledge 684 A Matter of Habit 634 Men's Dress 767 Mourning Garments 751 Expense of Mourning, The 752 Mourning Wear 752 Period of Mourning, The 753 French Mourning 753 Mourning for Men 754 Duties of Friends, The 754 Mourning Etiquette 749 Funerals, Conduct of 749 Undertaker, The 749 Duties of the Next Friend, The 750 House Funeral, The 750 Church Funerals 751 Flowers 751

Neighborhood Etiquette 777 Borrowing 777 Receptions 707 Receiving 707 Decorations 707

Rules for Precedence 763

Smoking, About 763 Smoke, Where not to 764 Expectoration, About 764 Social Affairs, The Young Girl's 718 Girl and the Chaperon 719 Girl and the Young Men, The 719 About Gifts 720 Telephone, The 720 Speech, Good Form in 773 Use of Slang and Colloquialisms 773 Form of Address 774 Courtesy of Conversation 774 "Stag" Dinners 725 Subjects of Conversation 775 Discourtesies 778 Some Things to Avoid 775 The Speaking Voice 776 Summary 782

Table Etiquette 704 At the Table 705 Using the Fork 705 Vegetables, Fruits, etc 705 The Spoon 706 Finger Bowls 707 Tea, the Musical and Informal 725 Visiting Etiquette for Girls 717 Deference to Age 718 Wedding-Anniversaries 745 Wedding, The 745 Silver Wedding, The 745 Golden Weddings, The 746 Courtesies of the Occasion, The 746 Gifts 747 Wedding Festivities 732 Engagement "Showers" 732 How Presented 732 Refreshments 733 Wedding Invitations and Announcements 696 Correct Form 696 The Bridegroom's Family 697 Other Items 697 Wedding Preparations 738 The Expense of the Wedding 733 Bride's Privileges, The 734 Who Pays? 735 Wedding Gown, The, 735 Later Wear of the Wedding Gown 735 Bridal Flowers 736 Widow's Bridal Attire 786 Man's Wedding Garments, The 736 Bride's Mother, The 737 Church Wedding, The Formal 737 Bride's Father, The 738 Another Form 738 Best Man's Duties, The 738 Duties of the Ushers 739 Wedding Reception, The 739 Refreshments 739 Going Away 739 Weddings, The Simplest of 744 Week-End Visits 710 Invitation, The 710 Amusements 711 Hostess's Arrangements 711 Young Girls' Parties 724 Birthday Party 725

[946 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

MISCELLANEOUS INDEX PAGES 790 TO 908 Including Chapters on "Beauty and the Toilet," "Nursery Hints and Fireside Gems," "Domestic Science," "Canning and Pickling," "Candy" "General Miscellaneous" and "Glossary"

Acid or Lye, Burns from 858 Account Book, Kitchen 867 "Affection" (Quotation) 808 "After the Burial," from Lowell 809 "All Girls and Boys" (Quotation) 808 Almonds, Salted 830 Ants, Troubled With 886 Apples, The Quickest Way to Core 877 Awkwardness Due to Eyes 811

Baby, Amusing 814 "Baby-Class Tree, The" (Poem) 805 Baby's Fine Dresses 803 Baby's Kimona 802 Baby's Layette 801 Baby's Meals 807 Baby's Nerves 803 Baby's Nose 814 Baby's Outing 802 Baby's Petticoats 811 Baby, Pretty Things for 802 "Baby's Purpose" (Quotation) 808 Baby (Quotations) 801, 802 Baby, Rather Hard On 810 Baby's Sleeves 813 Baby's Veil 814 Baking, Apples Cored for 874 Baking Dishes, Discolored China 877 Baking Help 868 "Barefoot Boy" (Quotation) 804 Barefoot, Going 803 Basting Thread, To Save 885 Bathing the Baby, Hints for 866 Bathrobe, A 812 Bathtub, Folding 816 BEAUTY AND THE TOILET 790 "Be Discreet" (Quotation) 813 Bed Sheeting 872 Bed Time 815 Beef, Creamed 829 Beef-Tea, Preparing, A Way of 866 Bindings, Book With Delicate 890 Black Ants, How to Kill 861 Blacking, Soap With Stove 857 Blackheads 790 Blankets, To Remove Stains from 858 Blankets, To Wash White Woolen 889 Bowl, Finger 883 Boy's Garments 802 "Boys" (Quotation) 802 Bread, To Freshen 865 Breakfast Food, Cooking 884 Breakfast Food, To Open Packages 871 Broom Bags 864 Broom, How to Preserve the Household 880 Bruise or Cut, For 858 Brush, To Sweep Stairs With Paint 859 Bunions 799 Bureau Drawers That Stick 891 Buttons for Future Use 885 Buttonhole, To Make a Neat 876 Buttons, Sewing on 888

Cake Tins, Greasing 873 Cake Tins, Non-Sticking 860 Cake Tins, To Prevent Sticking 865 Canary Seed, To Keep Mice Away from 879 Candle Grease, To Remove 863 Candle Grease, To Take Out of Linen 881 Candles, To Keep in Warm Weather 879 CANDY MAKING 848 Candy Making at Home 848 Chocolate Candy, Plain 851 Chocolate Candies 850, 851 Chocolate Caramels 851 Chocolate Fudge 851 Chocolate Nut Caramels 851 Chocolate Peppermint Wafers 852 Chocolate Creams 850 Chocolate Creams, No. 2 851 Cocoanut Caramels 852 Cocoanut Cream Bars 851 Cocoanut Snow Balls 852 Confectioners' and Common Candy 848 Cream Dates 854 Crystallized Fruits 854 Bonbons, Making the 850 Butter Scotch 853 Flavor and Color 849 Fondant, French or Boiled 849 Fondant, Making the 849 Hints, A Few 855 Hoarhound Candy 854 Maple Balls 852 Maple Candies 852 Maple Creams, No. 2 852 Maple Creams 852 Marron Glaces 854 Marshmallows 854 Molasses Candies 852 Molasses Taffy 852 Molasses Taffy No. 2 853 Nougat 853 Nut Bars 853 Nut Loaf 853 Other Candies 854 Peanut Candy 853 Popcorn Baskets 853 Popcorn Candy 853 Sour Drops 853 School Girl's Delight 854 Stick Candy 854 Sugar, Boiling the 848 Wafers 852 CANNING 831 Apples 832 Apples and Quinces 831 Apple Sauce 832 Butter, Apple 832 Canning Fruits, Table for 833 Corn 833 Grapes 833 Peaches 832 Peaches, Brandy 832