A Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography: Being Chiefly Men of the Time (part 4 of 8)

A Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography: Being Chiefly Men of the Time (part 4 of 8)

=Robinson, Samuel Skiffington=, Barrister, Orillia, Ontario, was born in the city of Montreal, Quebec province, on the 6th January, 1845. His father, Arthur Guinness Robinson, was a civil engineer, and superintended the works on the Lachine Canal, at Montreal, when they were first being constructed. His mother was Mary Mulock. His uncle, Charles J. Robinson, is now county judge for Lambton county. The mother of the Hon. Edward Blake and the widow of the late Judge Connor were half-sisters of Arthur G. Robinson. The grandfather of the subject of our sketch, Samuel Robinson, M.D., belonged to Dublin, Ireland, and in July, 1832—along with his son Arthur G.; William Hume Blake, his wife, mother and sisters, and his brother, Rev. D. E. Blake; the late Archdeacon Brough, who had married Miss W. Blake; the late Justice Connor; and the late Rev. Mr. Palmer, archdeacon of Huron—sailed for Canada. The vessel which they had chartered for the voyage—the Ann, of Halifax—had scarcely been at sea three days when one of the crew was seized with cholera and died, and the body before morning was thrown overboard. In consequence of this untoward circumstance, the party felt inclined to return to Ireland, but owing to the sanitary measures adopted by Dr. Robinson the plague was stayed. After a voyage of seven weeks they reached the St. Lawrence, and found that cholera had become epidemic in Canada. They were subjected to a short quarantine at Grosse Isle, and were then permitted to pursue their journey to Toronto (Little York), where they remained about six weeks, and here the party separated. Mr. Brough went to Oro, on Lake Simcoe, Dr. Skiffington Connor to Marchmont village, Orillia township, and the Blakes to the township of Adelaide, of which the Rev. D. E. Blake had been appointed rector by Sir John Colborne, the then governor of the province. Dr. Robinson returned to Ireland, taking his son Arthur G. with him, who, the following season, returned with his brother Charles (now county judge of Lambton), and settled in Orillia township, Charles going farther west. Samuel Skiffington Robinson received his education in Upper Canada College, from which he graduated; and having adopted the law as a profession, he entered the office of Blake, Kerr, Lash & Cassels, in Toronto, where he remained until he was called to the bar. He shortly afterwards moved to the beautifully-situated town of Orillia, which he has had the satisfaction of seeing rise from a backwoods village to a thriving town of four thousand inhabitants. He has succeeded well in his profession, and is at present solicitor for the Dominion Bank agency there, and holds several other important positions. Mr. Robinson has not entirely confined himself to his professional duties, and as a consequence his fellow citizens have honoured him by electing him mayor of the town, which position (1887) he now occupies. He held the office of churchwarden in the St. James Episcopal Church of Orillia, for a number of years; and for several years was president of the Reform Association. He, too, has devoted some attention to the militia, and holds an ensign’s commission in the Simcoe battalion. In politics Mr. Robinson is a Liberal; and in religion is an adherent of the Episcopal church. On the 13th December, 1871, he was married to Elizabeth Millar. Mrs. Robinson’s brother, Melville Millar, was the first mayor of Orillia, which position he held for several terms.

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=Baillairgé, Louis de Gonzague=, Queen’s Counsellor and Chevalier-Commandeur of the Illustrious Order of St. Gregory the Great, is a son of the late Pierre Florent, city treasurer of Quebec under the magistrates, and of Marie Louise Cureux de Saint-Germain, daughter of the late Antoine Cureux de Saint-Germain, captain of transatlantic mercantile vessels. This pious and venerable lady, whose mortal remains rest beneath the vaults of the Basilica, died at Quebec, at the advanced age of ninety, on the 16th of July, 1859. Pierre Florent, her husband, was one of the writers of the Canadien, wherein he published some satirical articles in verse, although he was not a poet, against the administration of Sir James Craig, the governor-general, who on that occasion ordered the seizure of the type and entire plant of the printing office, on the 17th March, 1810. His excellency, at the same time, issued an order to arrest him, together with his friends, Judge Bédard and Lefrançois, who were both imprisoned. Florent, however, escaped imprisonment through the influence of one of his friends, Mr. Young, a magistrate. L. G. Baillairgé now occupies the building, the door of which was burst open by a squad of soldiers armed with rifles and fixed bayonets, under command of Capt. Thos. Allison, of the 5th regiment of infantry, who was also a justice of the peace, where they seized the Canadien printing office, machinery and papers. Mr. Baillairgé is the grandson of Jean Baillairgé, architect and engineer, who was born at Saint-Antoine de Villaret, Poitou, France, on the 30th of October, 1726, and emigrated, in 1748, to Quebec, Canada, where he acted as assistant to Viscount de Léry for the construction of the city gates connected with the fortifications which still surround it. He fought in the battle of the Plains of Abraham, on the 13th September, 1759, and served in the army during the blockade of Quebec in 1775-76 by Montgomery and Arnold. He and his son François, who had studied painting, architecture, and statuary at the Royal Academy of Paris, are the artists who decorated the interior of the Basilica, and designed and executed the “baldaquin” which surmounts the main altar of the sanctuary, and is so much admired. Six of the twelve surrounding statues were sculptured by them; those of Saint-Ambroise and Saint-Augustin, in the lateral chapel of Sainte-Anne, were executed by Thomas, the son of François, who also sculptured the basso-relievo representing the Supper of Emmaus, on the front of the central altar in the church of Sainte-Anne de la Pocatière, respecting which he was highly congratulated by Lord Dalhousie, who took great interest in works of art. The statues of Saint-Louis, king of France, and Saint-Flavien, on either side of the principal altar of the Quebec Basilica, and the two others in the lateral chapel of Sainte-Famille, were executed by artists in France. These specimens of Canadian and European art are such that even the experienced eye of a keen observer can with difficulty decide which of them displays the greatest artistic skill. François Baillairgé’s studio and workshop were in the building now occupied as a livery stable, on St. Louis street, by Mr. Driscoll. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria, paid frequent visits to the artist in this studio, and gave him orders for the execution of various artistic works, as a proof of his appreciation of his ability, and in order to give him all the encouragement he could. He also induced him to organize a club of young men to give theatrical performances, and afterwards invited them to play a comedy in the casemated barracks of the citadel near St. Louis gate. Jean Baillairgé, his son François, and Thomas, the son of the latter, may be justly considered as the fathers of Canadian architecture, sculpture and statuary. Louis de Gonzague Baillairgé, the subject of our sketch, is the uncle of George Frederick, deputy minister of Public Works of Canada, and of Charles, the city engineer of Quebec, chevalier of the order of Saint-Sauveur de Monte Reale, in Italy. He completed his classical course of studies in 1830, at the Seminary of Quebec, and afterwards studied law under the Hon. Philippe Panet. When the latter was appointed judge, he continued his legal course under the Hon. R. E. Caron, and was admitted to practice at the bar on the 12th October, 1835. In 1844 he became the partner of the latter, who was then the mayor of the city of Quebec, and was later on appointed as successor to Sir Narcisse Belleau, as lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. In 1850 Mr. Baillairgé was appointed, together with Mr. Caron, his associate, as joint attorneys of the corporation of Quebec. In 1853, on his partner being appointed one of the judges of the Court of Queen’s Bench, the partnership was dissolved, and the entire practice of the firm, one of the most extensive of the bar of Quebec, remained with him. He continued to act for the corporation of the city until the 22nd of February, 1861, when the council passed a resolution containing the following:—“That L. G. Baillairgé, attorney of the corporation, having efficiently contributed to the economical administration of justice by means of his legal advice, laborious application and praiseworthy disinterestedness, and having also by means of his persevering energy, ensured the collection of considerable sums of money which the city would have lost by the extinction of its mortgages if he had not acted in such energetic manner; he is entitled to the respect of this council, and to the confidence of the public.” Pursuant to this resolution, Mr. Baillairgé was nominated sole attorney and legal adviser of the corporation, in which capacity he continued to act until the 9th of October, 1885. He then requested the city council to grant him an associate for the transaction of city affairs, in the person of the Hon. A. P. Pelletier, of whom he was the patron, and who practised as a lawyer in his office for more than twenty years. The city council readily assented to this proposal, and accordingly passed the following resolution on the same day:—“That this council, taking into consideration the letter of L. G. Baillairgé, Q.C., most willingly avails itself of the opportunity to express its high appreciation and its gratitude for the eminent professional services rendered by Mr. Baillairgé to the city of Quebec during so many years, for the honour and advantage of the city, and accedes with pleasure to Mr. Baillairgé’s request.” In 1885, the government having decided to appoint assistant judges for the Superior Court during the existence of the Seignorial Court, offered him one of the appointments. In 1856, the government tendered him the recordership of the city of Quebec, which had been created, for the first time, by the Act 19, 20 Vict., chap. 106. In 1860, when Chief Justice Bowen retired from the bench, he was invited to replace him during the time of his retirement. In 1860-61, he was called upon to fill the seat rendered vacant in the Superior Court by the death of Judge Power on 1st July, 1860. However lucrative and honorary these appointments might be, he declined accepting any of them; their value, in his estimation, could not, he thought, compensate him for the loss of his personal independence. In 1863, he was appointed Queen’s counsellor, under the Dorion administration. In 1873 he became bâtonnier of the bar of Quebec, and was considered as one of its most trustworthy and distinguished members and one of its most eloquent orators. In 1882 he conceived the noble and philanthropic idea of getting a church or missionary’s chapel constructed in each of the five parts of the world, under the name of one of the members of his family, together with a Canadian oratory, under the name of his patron saint. These churches are either completed or in course of construction, one of them being in Southern and the other in Equatorial Africa. The one erected at the southern end of lake Victoria, Nianza, is named, “St. Pierre de Bukumbi,” and is the first church which has been constructed of stone, in the centre of Africa. The journal of Les Missions Catholiques contains the following, in regard to this church: Monseigneur Livinhac, vicar apostolic of Nianza, has selected this church for his cathedral, and blessed it accordingly, on All Saints day, in 1886. It excites the admiration of the natives, who come from afar in great numbers to examine it, and afterwards return to their homes to speak of the marvellous temple they have seen. They all say that they never saw such a wonderful edifice, it being the first architectural structure ever erected in these regions, in honour of the Divinity. Another of these churches is in course of construction in the province of Nouba, in Central Africa, as agreed upon with Cardinal Sagaro, through the Reverend Father Bouchard, who accompanied the Canadian contingent of Voyageurs to the Nile; and another has been constructed at Rapid Creek, near Palmerston, in the Pacific Ocean. As regards the oratory at Jerusalem, Mr. Baillairgé has not yet succeeded in obtaining the requisite “firman,” permitting its construction from the Turkish government. Objections have been made, but hopes are entertained that they will be finally overcome. Mr. Baillairgé is one of the members and founders of the National Society of Saint-Jean Baptiste of Quebec. He succeeded Sir Narcisse Belleau as “Commissaire Ordonnateur” of the society, and afterwards was elected as its president, in which capacities he acted during a term of fifteen years, until 1859, when he resigned on account of the pressure of professional duties, but remained a member of the society. During this long period, Mr. Baillairgé spared no efforts to establish the society on a solid and lasting basis, and to establish and strengthen its connection with the other national societies of the city. He was also one of the founders of the “Institut Canadien,” whose début was so humble in its origin, but which is now flourishing, and may at present be considered as the focus of learning and of the national aspirations of Canadian youth. In 1873, he was chosen as one of its honorary presidents. He is one of those who first conceived the idea of collecting and afterwards depositing, in June, 1854, in one grave, the scattered remains of the brave warriors of the 78th Highlanders, and of the French “Grenadiers de la Reine,” who were slain during the battle, on the heights of Ste. Foye, between Generals Lévis and Murray. To his exertions and those of his friend, Dr. Robitaille, we are chiefly indebted for the construction of the monument, “Aux braves de 1760, érigé par la Société St. Jean-Baptiste de Quebec, 1860,” which now stands over the graves, in order to commemorate the victory won by the French, on the 28th of April, 1760, six months after the battle of the Plains of Abraham. The solemnity of the proceedings, on this occasion, was never surpassed, except during the official reception of Cardinal Taschereau. The event was witnessed by about 12,000 persons. The British military authorities graciously assented to all the requests of the St. Jean-Baptiste Society, in connection with the inauguration of this monument, and furnished two regiments of the line with a company of artillery and its guns, who placed themselves next to a detachment of the French navy from the Imperial corvette La Capricieuse, then visiting Quebec. The monument consists of a bronzed iron column, resting on a pedestal of masonry, surmounted by a bronze statue of Bellona, which was donated to the Society of St. Jean-Baptiste by Prince Napoleon Bonaparte. The name of “Murray,” with the arms of Great Britain, is inscribed on the side opposite the city, and that of “Lévis,” with the arms of France, on the opposite side of the pedestal. The inscription, “Aux braves de 1760, érigé par la Société St. Jean-Baptiste de Québec, 1860,” with its surrounding laurel wreath, is upon the face fronting the Ste. Foye road; on the opposite side, facing the Laurentides, there is a bas-relief representing the windmill, one of the most contested points of the battle-field; a bronze mortar rests on each corner of the pedestal. Before the departure of Prince Napoleon from Quebec, Mr. Baillairgé met his friend, Dr. Bardy, ex-president of the society, who requested him on behalf of the society to visit the Prince at the Russell Hotel, and to request him to grant a statue for the crowning of the monument. The Prince, after conferring with Baron Gauldrée de Boileau, graciously assented to the request. The design of the monument, which is about 90 feet in height, was made by Chevalier Charles Baillairgé, the city engineer. The country is indebted to Mr. Baillairgé for the possession of the “Standard of Carillon.” This ancient relic of the past, whenever it appears in the ranks of the procession of St. Jean-Baptiste, awakens the memories of the valiant deeds of their forefathers during the memorable day of the 8th July, 1758. He searched, during more than ten years, with incredible perseverance, for this old standard, and finally succeeded in finding it in the abode of an old friend of his family, Frère Louis Bonami, of the order of Saint François d’Assize, at Quebec, beneath a mass of old articles half reduced to dust by decay, at the bottom of an old trunk. Father Berry, superior of the Recollets at Quebec, was one of the almoners of the army of Carillon under Montcalm. After the campaign of 1758 he took charge of the standard, and brought it back to Quebec, where it was suspended to the vault of the Recollet Church, and remained there until the church was destroyed by fire on the 6th of September, 1796. Frère Bonami and another rushed into the church to save what articles they could, threw them into a trunk, and were hurrying out with them at the moment when the standard dropped near their feet, from the vault of the nave, and, picking it up, also threw it into the trunk, which he carried off, with his companion, to a place of safety, and afterwards sent it to his dwelling, where it was found by Mr. Baillairgé, after a lapse of more than half a century. (See Revue Canadienne of 1882, vol. II., page 129). On various occasions, and especially in 1857, he was invited to present himself as a candidate to parliament for Quebec, but always declined the proffered honour. He was one of the founders of the Courrier du Canada, at Quebec, and helped it out of numerous difficulties which generally attend the establishment of a new journal. The Courrier has been in existence ever since, and will, it is hoped, continue to prosper for many years hereafter. In 1863 he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd battalion of the militia of Quebec, under Lord Elgin. On the 24th of February, 1885, Mr. Baillairgé founded a chair of sacred and profane eloquence in connection with the faculty of arts of the Laval University at Quebec, known as “La Chaire Baillairgé.” On the 26th of July, 1886, his Holiness the Pope Leo XIII., addressed an autograph letter to his Eminence Cardinal Archbishop Taschereau, respecting the newly founded professorship, which contains the following:

We have learned with great pleasure that we are indebted to the generosity of a distinguished advocate of Quebec, Mr. Baillairgé, for a new chair, which has been created in addition to the chairs already existing in the Laval University, over which you preside as Apostolic Chancellor. We are greatly rejoiced on account of this new endowment, the object of which is to benefit studious young men who wish to perfect themselves in literature and eloquence.

Our beloved son, whom we have already named, has thus, in our estimation, not only contributed to the development of arts and letters in his native land, but he has also erected a lasting monument in his own honour, and is worthy of the praise of his contemporaries and of the commendation of posterity.

The distance which separates us, prevents us from expressing personally to the illustrious founder, our feelings of paternal affection and our ardent desire that he may receive from God the ample reward due to his worthy deed. We, therefore, request you to do so in our name.

His Eminence Cardinal Taschereau accordingly addressed the following letter to Mr. Baillairgé, on the 21st of August, 1886:

SIR,—You will receive herewith the Latin text and French translation of the letter I have just received:

His Holiness the Pope Leo XIII., wishing to give unto the Laval University a proof of the interest he feels in this institution, bestows his praise on the chair of eloquence which you have so generously founded, and commends your action as an example to be followed by those who desire to make a noble use of their fortune. A monument of marble is an object of interest only to a few, and any interest which may be attached to it, seldom lasts beyond one generation. The founder of a work such as yours, sir, will be known and loved by all those whom it will benefit directly or indirectly, until the end of time.

The deep interest I take in the Laval University and in the education of the youth of our native country, will enable you, sir, to estimate the vivacity and sincerity of the gratefulness with which I have the honour to subscribe myself,

Your very devoted servant, E. A., CARDINAL TASCHEREAU, Archbishop of Quebec.

To L. G. Baillairgé, Esq., Advocate.

The Hon. Mr. Fabre, who published this letter in the Paris-Canada, a newspaper which is printed at Paris, adds:

Mr. Baillairgé belongs to one of the most genuine French families of Canada. The high distinction by which he has just been honoured is the worthy reward of his generous act, and an acknowledgement of the exalted sentiments by which he has been guided.

Cardinal Taschereau’s letter was followed by his “Pastoral Letter” of the 8th of December, 1886, respecting the Laval University, and alluding to the chair founded in that institution by Mr. Baillairgé. On the 18th of May, 1887, his Holiness the Pope Leo XIII., nominates Mr. Baillairgé “Chevalier-Commandeur of the illustrious order of St. Gregory the Great,” by Apostolical Letters-patent of the same date. These Letters-patent were presented by order of his Eminence Cardinal Taschereau to Mr. Baillairgé, by Monseigneur Légaré, the Grand Vicaire, and by Monseigneur Marois, secretary of his eminence, acting as his special delegates on this occasion. His Eminence Cardinal Simeoni, chief of the Propaganda, is said to have contributed to this nomination. The uniform and insignia of a Chevalier-Commandeur is as follows:—Uniform—A dark blue, long-tailed dress-coat, with silver embroidery of laurel leaves, and silver buttons on the front; collar, facings, and the lower portion on the back, also embroidered with silver; long white chamois pantaloons, with a silver band on the sides; small black boots; black cocked hat with short black spiral plumes and silver clasp. INSIGNIA:—Maltese cross of gold with a circular medallion at the centre, containing the miniature of Gregory the Great; gold-hilted sword at the side, etc. In 1887 a statue of the Saviour was presented by Mr. Baillairgé to the Grey Nuns of Quebec. It was blessed by his Eminence Cardinal Taschereau, and placed on the summit of the tower above the main entrance of the Grey Nuns’ Church, on the 18th of September of the same year. The statue is about fifteen feet in height, is plated on the outside with gilded sheet lead, and weighs about 4,000 lbs. It was sculptured by Mr. Jobin, an artist of the old capital.

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=Dionne, Narcisse Eutrope=, S.B., M.D., Quebec, Co-Editor of Le Courrier du Canada, was born at St. Denis, county of Kamouraska, province of Quebec, on the 18th of May, 1848, from the marriage of Narcisse Dionne and Elizabeth Bouchard. Dr. Dionne received his education at the College of Ste. Anne de Lapocatière, and after completing his classical course, studied theology two years at the Grand Seminary of Quebec, returned to Ste. Anne for another year, and completed his theological studies at Levis College. He then chose the medical profession, and for that purpose entered Laval University, where he graduated M.D., in 1873, and removed to Stanfold, county of Arthabaska, and practised his profession in that place until 1875. Then he removed to Quebec, where he found a wider field, not only in regard to his profession, but to follow his inclinations to literary pursuits. He has lived in that city ever since. In 1876, the Cercle Catholique, of which he was one of the founders, was established in the city of Quebec, and he was elected on the board of directors and librarian, a position he held until the year 1883; he was then elected vice-president, and still holds that position. He was also one of the founders of the “Presse Associée de la province de Quebec,” with other journalists of the city of Quebec. This association was incorporated by an act of the legislature of Quebec, in 1883. Dr. Dionne has been acting secretary of the society since its foundation, and took a most prominent part in the reception accorded the Canadian Press Association, on the occasion of the latter body’s excursion to the Saguenay in 1883. In token of their gratitude, the Ontario pressmen gave him a splendid gift in recognition of the courtesies extended them. In August, 1886, he was also elected secretary to the Quebec Conservative Club, and in January, 1887, was appointed to the same position, which he filled during the Federal elections of the 22nd of February, of the same year. Dr. Dionne holds a high rank among the littérateurs of his native province, the first work which brought him to prominence being a pamphlet, published in 1880, intituled, “Le Tombeau de Champlain.” The year previous, his Excellency the Count de Premio-Real, consul-general of Spain in Canada, had offered two prizes for the best essay on a series of questions relating to Canadian history, and Mr. Dionne was the winner of both. In 1881, he published a pamphlet on agricultural societies, and then-value to the farmers, intituled, “Les Cercles Agricoles dans la Province de Québec,” and delivered many lectures throughout the province on that important subject. In 1882 appeared the report of the excursion of the Canadian Press Association to the United States, Manitoba, and the North-West, also due to Dr. Dionne’s pen; and still later, in 1883 he published the report of the French-Canadian convention, held at Windsor, county of Essex. As a political writer, the doctor is in the foremost rank of the Conservative journalists of the province, having been editor-in-chief of Le Courier du Canada, a daily paper published in Quebec, from April, 1880, until the 1st of February, 1884. He also filled the same position on the staff of Le Journal de Québec, from February to May, 1886. On the 22nd of February, 1887, he resumed the duties of co-editor to Le Courier du Canada, a position which he still holds. The first editors of the latter newspaper had been Dr. J. C. Taché, deputy minister to the department of Agriculture, and Sir Hector Langevin. In addition to his medical practice and journalistic duties, Dr. Dionne was chief license inspector under the Federal Act of parliament, from the 19th February, 1884, until December, 1885; and visiting physician to the Quebec Marine Hospital since the 17th February, 1882. In 1885, he visited New Orleans, during the World’s Exposition. He is corresponding member of the Institut-Canadien, of Ottawa; L’Union Catholique, Mauritius Island; and titulary member of the Académie des Muses Santonnes, France. He was married on the 13th of October, 1873, to Marie Laure Bouchard, second daughter of the late Pierre Victor Bouchard, of her Majesty’s customs, Quebec, and Julie Huot. He has issue ten children, five sons and five daughters.

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=Archibald, Peter S.=, Moncton, New Brunswick, Chief Engineer of the Intercolonial Railway, was born at Truro, Nova Scotia, on the 21st March, 1848. His parents were William and Elizabeth Archibald, and were both natives of Nova Scotia. Peter S. Archibald received his education at the Truro Model and Normal schools, and joined the railway service in 1867, when scarcely out of his teens. Since then he has gradually risen, through all the grades from rodman, until he now occupies the position of chief engineer. He joined the volunteers as a private, and served in that capacity for three years, and was afterwards promoted to a lieutenancy in the 73rd battalion. Mr. Archibald is a member of the American Institute of Civil Engineers. As a living example of what can be done by a young man who sets his mind on rising in his profession, he is a good example, and deserves a great deal of praise for his pluck and perseverance, and his example is well worthy of imitation by our young men who wish to get on in the world. In April, 1874, Mr. Archibald was married to Clara G. Lindsay, daughter of T. S. Lindsay, of Rockland, Maine, U.S.

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=Mathews, Rev. George D.=, D.D., Pastor of Chalmer’s (Presbyterian) Church, Quebec, one of the best known of our Presbyterian divines in the old as well as the new world, was born in the town of Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1828. As in the case of others of our distinguished men in America, the three nationalities of the motherland are to be found represented in him, for, though born in Ireland, he had for his father a true-hearted Scotchman, while his mother was a native of England. The subject of our sketch spent his earliest years in the city of Dublin, where he received his education at the hands of private tutors who prepared him for entering Trinity College as an undergraduate in arts. His career at this celebrated seat of learning was in every sense a most satisfactory one, so that he took his degree in 1848. It is needless to say that the classical and literary tastes which he acquired at college have never left him, as those who have had the pleasure of his acquaintance, or who have had the opportunity of sitting under his ministrations as a pastor, can readily bear witness. After leaving college he devoted himself for a time to the study of law, but that profession becoming more and more distasteful to the young student, as his mind matured on social questions and the solemn responsibilities of life, he subsequently forsook the pathways which Coke, Blackstone and Hale have in vain endeavoured to make smooth, for a more peaceful retreat with the school of the prophets. Entering the United Presbyterian Hall of Divinity at Edinburgh, he there had the privilege of receiving instruction from such distinguished theologians as Dr. John Brown, Dr. Eadie, and a number of other teachers, whose lives and characters have moulded the history and polity of the U. P. Church in Scotland. Under such men Rev. Dr. Mathews felt more and more the serious mission he had to perform in life. With zeal he entered upon the examination of the theology of the times, fortifying himself with the most careful study of mental science, and obtaining for himself the credit of being a devoted investigator in the realms of thought, and a keen observer of the many paths into which advanced thinkers are ever leading their fellowmen. Yet, never for a moment did the young student deviate from the faith; and never, throughout his long career as a minister has he had to endure the scorn of those whose chief delight it often is to rail at the ministers of advanced opinions. His preaching has ever been thoroughly orthodox, notwithstanding the wide scope of his knowledge and scientific attainments. Possessed of a remarkable fluency of speech, his discourses are generally given extempore, being marked at the same time with an eloquence which is all the more attractive from the simplicity of the language he employs. In December, 1853, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Glasgow, and immediately thereafter was ordained at Stranraer, a town of about eight thousand inhabitants, in Wigtonshire, Scotland. No more delightful locality could have been selected for a man of such tastes and predispositions as the subject of our sketch. The town of Stranraer, as is well-known, stands upon an arm of the sea at the head of Loch Ryan, and for the beauty and natural sweetness of its surroundings is all but unequalled by the other towns in the south of Scotland. Here the young preacher found his first charge among a people kindly disposed and hospitable, and here his efforts to do good were well received, not only by those of his own congregation, but by the whole community. No duty was overlooked, public or pastoral; and yet amidst the pressure of work which always falls to the lot of a young and conscientious pastor, the literary spirit did not forsake the youthful clergyman during his spare moments from pulpit work and pastoral ministrations, as many of the old numbers of the “Dublin University Magazine” can bear witness. For several years he continued to contribute to this and other periodicals, and it need hardly be said that his contributions even then gave promise of the literary and administrative abilities which have brought the Rev. Dr. Mathews’ name so prominently before the denomination of which he is a minister. At length, in 1868, while on a visit to the United States, the U. P. minister at Stranraer received a call to one of the city charges in New York. In the following year he reluctantly gave up his charge in Scotland, and to the universal regret of his people and fellow townsmen, set sail for America. Nor did the feeling in his favour fail to show itself in a tangible form. A beautiful testimonial was presented by the community to the retiring pastor with many and valuable accompanying presents. Shortly after his arrival in New York, Dr. Mathews undertook the editorship of “The Christian Worker,” a monthly magazine devoted mainly to religious topics. This duty he performed in addition to his pastoral work. Under his management the periodical rose into favour until at length its circulation brought the editor into prominence all over the continent. The editor of the “Worker” also took an active part in all church affairs, expressing an influence in the church courts and on church problems which has always been respected. As an evidence of this growing influence, in 1873, when the proposal was mooted by Rev. Dr. McCosh, of Princeton, and Rev. Dr. Schaff, that the various Presbyterian Churches throughout the world should come into close relationship with one another, Dr. Mathews was chosen secretary of the first committee formed for the carrying out of definite plans to promote such brotherly alliance. Two years later, he was sent to London by the Presbyterian Church in the Northern States as one of its commissioners to confer with the representatives from other Churches as to the feasibility of a union of Presbyterianism throughout the world. This was the origin of the Presbyterian Alliance, which has since become a household word in the Presbyterian church. The first important conference was held in London, England, where it was agreed to form an “Alliance of the Reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian system,” and at the first meeting of this new association of Presbyterians, Dr. Mathews was appointed American secretary—a position which he has held for many years, and which through his energy and administrative skill has become one of the most influential in the Presbyterian church of to-day. While performing the duties of this office, Dr. Mathews has been engaged from time to time in preparing many new and reliable tables of statistics together with a series of concise and tabular sketches of the Presbyterian Churches of the world. In 1879 he became associate editor of the Catholic Presbyterian, the organ of the Alliance, and a periodical of the highest literary dignity and style. At the meeting of the Alliance in 1884, at Belfast, he was further appointed by its general council to edit the record of its proceedings, filling a volume of no less than seven hundred pages. Included within this volume, there is to be found a very valuable and exhaustive statistical report, or rather series of reports, compiled by the painstaking secretary, a work for which he has received the highest commendation from his brethren and others who have carefully examined it. As the fruit of prolonged labour and original enquiry, it carries within it information of the most interesting kind, not only to Presbyterians but to all Protestant churches. In recognition of Dr. Mathews’ great services to the Presbyterian cause, and the prominent position he had attained to in church affairs, the Western University of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. At the present writing, the secretary of the Pan-Presbyterian Council is pastor of Chalmers Church, Quebec. Some years ago he was chosen one of the governors of Morrin College, being at the same time professor of systematic theology in that institution. Since 1883 he has also taken charge of the classes in moral philosophy. In ordinary educational affairs he has always taken a deep interest, having been for years a member of the Council of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec. As with many other men of business habits, Rev. Dr. Mathews has a favourite recreation. His is in numismatic research, and possessing a very valuable collection of coins: he published, in 1876, a volume on the “Coinages of the World,” which has had a large circulation. He was married, in 1856, to Maria F. Irvine, of Dublin, by whom he has had a family of two sons and a daughter, all of whom survive their mother, who died in 1880.

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=Bentley, Hon. George Whitefield Wheelock=, Kensington, Commissioner of Public Works for Prince Edward Island, was born at Margate, Prince county, P.E.I., on the 21st December, 1842. He is the youngest son of Thomas Bentley and Hannah Smith. His father, Mr. Bentley, sen., emigrated from Yorkshire, England, to Prince Edward Island, in 1817; and his mother, Hannah Smith, came to the same island in 1800 with her parents, she having been born on the passage out from England. The father of this lady was the youngest son of a family of twenty-two children. The Bentley family first settled in Cavendish, one of the oldest settlements on the island, and afterwards removed to Prince county, and took up their abode at a place they named Margate, after the celebrated watering-place in England. George, the subject of our sketch, received an ordinary English education in his native place. After leaving school he devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and in 1874 removed to Kensington, his present residence, where he has since carried on business as a merchant and as a farmer. In 1879 he was elected to the House of Assembly of P.E.I., by the electors of the 4th electoral district of Prince county; again at the general election in 1882, and again in 1886, he was each time returned at the head of the poll. In January, 1887, he was appointed a member of the Executive Council, and in the following month was chosen commissioner of Public Works. This appointment necessitated another appeal to the electors, and he was again returned in spite of determined opposition. Mr. Bentley has been a life-long advocate of temperance, and has for the last twenty-five years been connected with the order of the Sons of Temperance. He has held the office of grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of Prince Edward Island, and is now a member of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America. He has travelled through all the provinces of British North America, and many of the states of the neighbouring republic. Politically Mr. Bentley belongs to the ranks of the Conservative party; and in religious matters he is an adherent of the Methodist church. On the 9th February, 1870, he was married to Emma Jane, daughter of William Dennis, of Margate, P.E.I.

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=Jack, William Brydone=, M.A., D.C.L. The deceased Dr. William Brydone Jack was born in the parish of Tinwald, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, on the 23rd November, 1819. He received his elementary education at the schools of the parish, and was afterwards sent to the academy of Hutton Hall, Caerlaverock, where he was prepared for entering college. In 1835 he went to St. Andrews, and became a student in the United College of St. Salvador and St. Leonard’s. During his course he was distinguished for proficiency in mathematics and physics, carrying off the highest prizes in these departments of study. Shortly after graduating with the degree of M.A. in 1840, he was offered the professorship of physics in the Manchester New College, in succession to the celebrated Dr. Dalton, and about the same time the position of professorship of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy in King’s College, Fredericton (now the University of New Brunswick), was tendered to his acceptance. Sir David Brewster, who was then principal of the college at St. Andrews, and with whom Dr. Jack had been a favourite pupil, thought that the duties and responsibilities of the situation at Manchester would, at the first outset in life, be rather hazardous and trying for one so young and inexperienced. Accordingly, in deference to Sir David’s advice and that of other friends, Dr. Jack accepted the professorship in New Brunswick, and assumed its duties in September, 1840. As King’s College was at first under the management of the Church of England, it failed to command the confidence and sympathy of the general public, and consequently it was never so prosperous as it should have been. Many and violent attacks were therefore made upon it both in and out of the legislature, till after much worry and struggle it was, in 1860, re-modelled and named the University of New Brunswick, over which all denominations were admitted to an equal control. In 1861 Dr. Jack was appointed president of the university, and for many years he laboured and laboured successfully in bringing the college into repute, and securing the general acceptance and confidence of the public. He spent his vacations largely in travelling about the province, and by public addresses making the college known and the benefits of the higher education appreciated. On the inauguration of the Free School system he was made, ex-officio, a member of the Board of Education. In 1885, after a service of forty-five years as professor and president, failing health induced him to resign his appointments, and seek the ease and quiet of private life. In 1886 the government was pleased to appoint him a member of the Senate of the University, in whose progress and prosperity he continued to take the warmest interest. Dr. Jack was always a devoted student of astronomy, and after the establishment of lines of telegraph communication, he was among the first to make use of them, determining distances of longitude. By connection with Harvard Observatory, Mass., the true longitude of Fredericton was ascertained. Taking Fredericton as the starting point, he obtained, at the instance and expense of the local government, the longitude of St. John, and afterwards of some places on the boundary survey of the province. The determinations were of service to Sir William Logan in the construction of his geological map of Canada. Dr. Jack died at Fredericton, New Brunswick, on the 23rd day of November, 1886, on his sixty-sixth birthday.

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=Cowperthwaite, Rev. Humphrey Pickard=, A.M., Pastor of the Queen Square Methodist Church, St. John, New Brunswick, was born in Sheffield, New Brunswick, on the 30th of November, 1838. His father was Hugh Cowperthwaite, and his mother, Elizabeth Ann Hunter; she was of Scotch descent. His grandfather, on his father’s side, was a United Empire loyalist, and came from New Jersey in 1783. His great-grandfather was an officer in the British army, during the American revolutionary war of independence. Humphrey received his education in the parish school, and afterwards at Sackville College, where he graduated in arts in 1867. He adopted the clerical profession, and is now an active minister of the Methodist church, in connection with the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island conference. For several years he was chairman of the Prince Edward Island district, and secretary of the conference for two terms. On two occasions he visited the province of Ontario, on matters connected with his church, and attended as a delegate the conferences which met at Hamilton and Belleville a few years ago. On the 19th of July, 1867, he was married to Annie S. Buchanan, of Glasgow, Scotland, youngest daughter of W. M. Buchanan, editor of the “Practical Mechanics’ and Engineers’ Magazine,” and for some time lecturer on geology in the Glasgow University.

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=Lachapelle, Emmanuel Persillier=, M.D., Montreal, was born on the 21st December, 1845, at Sault-au-Récollet, province of Quebec. His parents were Pierre Persillier-Lachapelle, and Marie Zoé Toupin. Dr. Lachapelle received a classical education at the Montreal College, and took a course in medicine and surgery at the Montreal Medical and Surgical School, and after passing very brilliantly his examination, was admitted to the practice of medicine in 1869. In 1872 he was appointed surgeon to the 65th battalion, and held that position until 1886. In 1876 he was elected, and is still, a governor and treasurer of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec; and in 1885, during the small-pox epidemic, he took a leading part in the working of the Central Board of Health, and was appointed president of the first Provincial Board of Health recently organised. Dr. Lachapelle was the promoter and one of the founders of Notre Dame Hospital, one of the most useful charitable institutions of Montreal to-day. In 1884, wishing to free the hospital from debt, he, together with friends and the board of management, organized a grand kermesse which netted about $15,000 in one week. When the establishment of the branch of Laval University in Montreal was decided upon, he became one of its most ardent supporters and contributed in a great measure to its formation. He was elected general president of the Saint Jean Baptiste Society in 1876. As a journalist, Dr. Lachapelle is favourably known, having been the proprietor and editor of L’Union Médicale from 1876 to 1882. He is doctor in medicine of Laval and Victoria Universities, secretary of the Medical Faculty of Laval University, professor of general Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence, and an associate member of the “Société Française d’Hygiène,” Paris. He commenced practising in Montreal in 1869, and took a foremost rank in the galaxy of young men who about that time were entering on their professional life, and have since risen to high positions in Canadian society. Dr. Lachapelle enjoys the confidence of the general public, and through his genial disposition, has made a host of friends. He has been closely identified with all the scientific, national and political movements of the day, and his influence and advice have great weight and are highly appreciated.

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=Allen, Hon. John C.=, Fredericton, Chief Justice of New Brunswick, was born in the parish of Kingsclear, county of York, N.B., on the first of October, 1817. His grandfather, Isaac Allen, was a United Empire loyalist, and resided in Trenton, New Jersey, where he practised law. During the revolutionary war, which broke out in 1776, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the second battalion of New Jersey Volunteers, one of the provincial regiments raised during the war. At the peace in 1783, he settled in Nova Scotia, and when the province of New Brunswick was established, he was appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court, a position he held until his death, in October, 1806. His wife was Sarah Campbell, of Philadelphia. His son, the father of the present chief justice, was John Allen, formerly a captain in the New Brunswick Fencibles, a corps raised in New Brunswick during the war of 1812, and commanded by General John Coffin. This regiment was disbanded in 1817, and Captain Allen was subsequently appointed lieutenant-colonel and inspecting field officer of the militia of New Brunswick, and when that office was abolished, was appointed quarter-master-general of the militia. He represented the county of York in the House of Assembly from 1809 to 1847. He died in April, 1875, aged ninety-one years, and his wife died in 1822. Chief Justice Allen was educated at the Fredericton Grammar School; studied law with the Hon. John Simcoe Saunders, son of the then chief justice in Fredericton; was admitted as an attorney in October, 1838; and to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1840. In 1845 he was appointed one of the commissioners for settling the claims to lands, under the fourth article of the treaty of Washington, 1842. While the boundary between the province of New Brunswick and the United States was in dispute, the portion of the country known as “the disputed territory,” extending from near the Grand Falls of the river St. John to the head of the river, and including the whole Madawaska settlement on both sides of the river, was being occupied by settlers, principally Acadian French, who held by possession only, the government refusing to make any grants of the land. By the treaty, the channel of the river, from a point about three miles above the Grand Falls to the mouth of the river St. Francis, a tributary of the St. John, about seventy miles above the falls, was fixed as the boundary between the two countries, and the fourth article of the treaty provided that all equitable possessory claims, arising from a possession and improvement of any land for more than six years before the date of the treaty, should be deemed valid, and be confirmed to the persons so in possession. The commission was appointed to investigate and settle the claims of the persons in possession of that portion of the lands in dispute, which fell within the dominion of Great Britain. During the years 1845 and 1847, they heard and determined the claims of all the settlers between the Grand Falls and the St. Francis, and grants of the lands were afterwards issued by the government to the respective parties, in accordance with the report of the commissioners. The other commissioner was the late James A. Maclauchlan, who was formerly an officer in the 104th regiment, and served in Canada between 1813-15, and who had for many years acted as warden of the disputed territory, by appointment of the British government, for the purpose of preventing the cutting of timber upon it. The most valuable part of the “disputed territory,” the fertile valley of the Aroostook, was awarded to the United States by the treaty. Hon. Mr. Allen was appointed clerk of the Executive Council of New Brunswick in November, 1851, and held that office till January, 1856, when he resigned it, and in February following was elected a member of the House of Assembly for York county. In May following, was appointed solicitor-general, which position he held until May, 1857, when the government resigned, having been defeated at the general election of that year. In 1852 was elected mayor of Fredericton and continued to hold the office till 1855, when he resigned. In 1860 he was offered the position of Queen’s counsel, but declined. He was speaker of the New Brunswick Assembly from 1862 until that house was dissolved, in 1865, for the purpose of ascertaining the opinion of the people upon the question of confederation, as agreed upon by the delegates assembled at Quebec, in September previous. Having been again elected as a representative opposed to confederation, in April, 1865, he was appointed attorney-general, which office he held until the 21st September following. In June of that year he was sent by the Provincial government, with the Hon. Albert J. Smith (afterwards Sir Albert), as a delegate to the British government, for the purpose of urging the objections of New Brunswick to the confederation of the provinces. Soon after his return from England, on the 21st of September, 1865, he was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, a vacancy having been caused by the resignation of Sir James Carter, and on the 8th of October, 1875, he was made chief justice of New Brunswick, as successor to the Hon. William Johnston Ritchie, who at that time was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. On the 8th of October, 1866, he was appointed vice-president of the Court of Governor and Council, for determining suits relating to marriage and divorce. By an act of the Legislative Assembly, passed in 1791, a court was constituted, consisting of the lieutenant-governor of the province and his Majesty’s council, for the determination of suits and questions concerning marriage and divorce and alimony, the governor to be president of the court. The governor was also authorized to appoint the chief justice, or one of the judges of the Supreme Court, or the Master of the Rolls, to be vice-president of the court, and to act in his place. In 1860, a new court for the trial of matrimonial causes was created by the Act 23 Vic., c. 37, and all suits pending in the court before the Governor and Council, except those in which evidence had been examined, which were to be proceeded with as before, were transferred to the new court. Justice Neville Parker was appointed the judge under this act, and we therefore presume Mr. Allen’s appointment as vice-president of the Court of Governor and Council was for the purpose of hearing some case commenced under the old law, in which evidence had been examined; but, so far as we can learn, he has never acted under his commission. In June, 1878, he was appointed, in the place of the late Governor Wilmot, one of the arbitrators for settling the North-West boundary of the province of Ontario. The other arbitrators were Sir Edward Thornton, the British Minister at Washington, and Chief Justice Harrison, of Ontario. The time appointed for the meeting of the arbitrators having been fixed for the early part of July, and difficulties existing in the way of a postponement, Chief Justice Allen was obliged to resign the appointment, as his judicial duties prevented him from attending to it, the trial of the Osborne family for the alleged murder of Timothy McCarthy, coming on at the Circuit Court then about to open, at which he was to preside. Among the most notable criminal cases which Chief Justice Allen has tried may be mentioned that of John A. Munroe, in 1869, for the murder of Sarah Margaret Vail and her child, at St. John; and in 1875, of a number of persons at Bathurst, in the county of Gloucester, who participated in the Carraquet riots, which originated in resisting the enforcement of the Common Schools Act; also that of Chasson and ten others, for the murder of one Gifford, who had aided the sheriff’s officers in arresting the Carraquet rioters mentioned above. He also tried the Osborne family twice for the alleged murder of Timothy McCarthy, at Shediac, in the county of Westmoreland. The first trial, in July and August, 1878, occupied six weeks. The jury having disagreed, the prisoners were again tried in November and December of the same year, the trial occupying nearly six weeks, and, as before, the jury failed to agree. In 1847 Hon. Mr. Allen published a book of the Rules of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, and the Acts of Assembly relating to the practice of the courts. He has also rendered much valuable service to the legal profession, in the compilation and publication of six volumes of law reports, embodying the decisions of the court extending over a number of years. In his younger days the Chief Justice took an active interest in the militia of the province. About the year 1835 he joined a volunteer company of artillery, in Fredericton. In 1838 the several companies of artillery in the province, viz., at Fredericton, St. John, St. Andrews, and St. Stephens, were formed into a regiment called “The New Brunswick Regiment of Artillery,” under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Hayne, formerly of the Royal artillery, and in 1838 Mr. Allen was appointed second lieutenant in the regiment; afterwards first lieutenant and adjutant, and captain, in July, 1841. The militia law having been materially altered in 1865, he has not since that had any active connection with the force. In 1844 he was appointed Provincial aide-de-camp to Sir William Colbrooke, the lieutenant-governor of the province, and continued so till he resigned the government, in 1848. In 1882 the honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on Chief Justice Allen by the University of New Brunswick. Chief Justice Allen is a member of the Church of England, and for nearly forty years has been a member of the church corporation in Fredericton. He has also held the position of churchwarden in the parish church for over twenty-five years, and on several occasions has been elected delegate to the provincial synod at Montreal. In 1845 he married Margaret A. Drury, daughter of the late Captain Charles Drury, 29th Regiment of foot, who died at St. John in 1835. He has five children living—William, Thomas Carleton (the prothonotary of the Supreme Court), Edmund H., George W., and Henry.

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=Chapman, Robert Andrew=, Dorchester, New Brunswick, was born in Dorchester, county of Westmoreland, New Brunswick, on the 2nd of February, 1835, where he has resided ever since. His father was Robert B. Chapman, and his mother, Margaret Weldon. Both Mr. Chapman’s great-grandfather and grandfather emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1775, and both represented the county of Westmoreland in the New Brunswick legislature. The wife of the latter was Sarah Black, sister to William Black, commonly known as “Bishop Black,” the father of Methodism in the Maritime provinces. Margaret Weldon’s grandfather on the paternal side, came to America from North Allerton, Yorkshire, in 1770, and her ancestors on the maternal side—the Killams—were United Empire loyalists. Robert A. Chapman received his primary education in the public schools, and afterwards studied under an Irish teacher, who was noted as a mathematician. When he grew up to manhood, he adopted mechanical pursuits, went largely into ship building, and from 1860 to 1878 built upwards of thirty vessels, principally barques and ships, varying from 600 to 1,500 tons burthen. Mr. Chapman holds a captain’s commission in the reserve militia. He has been a justice of the peace for a long time; and was high sheriff of the county of Westmoreland from 1879 to 1886. On the organization of the municipal council for Westmoreland county, he was, along with Hon. P. A. Landry, elected a member by acclamation for Dorchester parish, and continued to sit in this body until he was made high sheriff; and again, in 1886, he was elected to this council. He was an unsuccessful candidate in his county for a seat in the New Brunswick legislature in 1872; and again in 1878, against Sir A. J. Smith, for a seat in the House of Commons, at Ottawa. On both occasions, however, he polled a large vote. In politics, Mr. Chapman is a Conservative; and in religion, is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married on the 18th of October, 1859, to Mary E. Frost, daughter of Stephen Frost, late of Chatham, New Brunswick.

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=Steele, Rev. D. A.=, A.M., Baptist Minister, Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born in the village of Barewood, Herefordshire, England, on the 17th September, 1838, and came to America in 1845. His ancestry on the paternal side came from Annandale, Scotland. He was educated at Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, from which institution he graduated with the degree of A.M. He was ordained to the ministry there, on the 20th June, 1865. He took charge of the Baptist Church in Canso for two years; and then, in 1867, removed to Amherst and took the pastorate of the church which had for many years been presided over by the late Rev. Charles Tupper, D.D., father of Sir Charles Tupper, finance minister of Canada. The Rev. Mr. Steele was one of the promoters of the independent foreign missions of the Baptist church in the Maritime provinces, and is a member of the Foreign Mission Board. He is a member of the Senate of Acadia College, and also chairman of the Board of School Commissioners for Cumberland county. Rev. Mr. Steele has been an active worker ever since he assumed the pastoral office, and has left his mark for good on his adopted county. In 1865 he was married to Sarah Hart, the only surviving daughter of Spinney Whitman, whose ancestors came from New England to Annapolis on the expulsion of the Acadians.

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=Flint, Thomas Barnard=, M.A., LL.B., Yarmouth, Barrister, and Assistant Clerk to the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, was born on the 28th April, 1847, at Yarmouth, N.S. His parents were John Flint and Ann S. Barnard, who were married in 1834, and were respectively descended from Thomas Flint, of Marblehead, Massachusetts, and of Benjamin Barnard, of Salem, in the same state. Thomas Flint, the ancestor of all the family of that name in the western portion of Nova Scotia, came to Yarmouth, in 1771, and his descendants are very numerous in that part of the country. Benjamin Barnard, of Salem, came to the same part of Nova Scotia, in 1770, and although his descendants in Yarmouth are numerous, yet the family name has completely died out. It is however perpetuated in the names of Barnard street and Barnard lane in the town of Yarmouth. Both these families were, of course, thoroughly identified with the history of Yarmouth town and county, which were mainly settled from New England, and which still retain many of the New England characteristics. Thomas B. Flint, the subject of our sketch, received his early education at Yarmouth, and subsequently went to Wesley College, Sackville, New Brunswick, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1867; and of M.A. in 1875; and in the same year he carried off the “Moore” prize for the best essay on “John Milton.” He also took a course at the Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1872, and received the degree of LL.B. from that university. He adopted law as a profession, and studied in the office of Senator (now ex-judge) Ritchie, and on being admitted to the bar he began the practice of his profession in 1872. For years Mr. Flint has taken an active interest in educational matters, and in the temperance reform movement. For a long period he held office as a school trustee, and was secretary of the High School committee several years. He is a member and secretary of the Board of Governors of the Yarmouth Seminary. He was appointed high sheriff of the county of Yarmouth in the autumn of 1883, but resigned the same at the end of the year 1886. At the opening of the session of 1887 he was elected assistant clerk of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, in the place of the late assistant clerk, who was promoted to the chief clerkship. Mr. Flint, a Liberal and anti-Confederate in politics, was defeated as a candidate for the local legislature in 1873, when he contested the county against a former representative, who was declared returned by a majority of two votes. Although the return was contested by Mr. Flint, his opponent was confirmed in his seat. He was also a candidate for the House of Commons in 1878, in opposition to Frank Killam. Mr. Killam was elected by a substantial majority. As both gentlemen were supporters of the Liberal party, merely personal and local issues were involved in the contest. He was again a candidate for the local legislature in 1882 on the Liberal ticket, but was unsuccessful, having been defeated by a small majority. Mr. Flint was for many years engaged in shipbuilding; the management of shipping and various public enterprises; a stockholder in the Western Counties Railway Company, and other corporations. He is prominent in the Masonic fraternity, and is a past master of Scotia lodge, No. 31, R.N.S.; past district deputy grand master of District No. 3, and secretary of Scotia lodge. Since 1872 he has taken an active part, in the Liberal interest, in political discussions through the press and on the platform, particularly on occasions of general elections, and assisted in obtaining the Liberal repeal victory in Yarmouth county in February, 1887, when, however, the province generally returned a majority of representatives in opposition to the further continuance of the repeal agitation. He married, on October 14th, 1874, Mary Ella, daughter of Thomas B. Dane, of Yarmouth, who was also a descendant of a New England family that settled in Yarmouth county in 1789.

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=Wickwire, William Nathan=, M.D., Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Cornwallis, Kings county, N.S., on the 18th November, 1839. His parents were Peter and Eliza Wickwire. Dr. Wickwire received his education, chiefly at Horton Academy and Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., and graduated at the latter in 1860, taking the degree of B.A. In 1863 Acadia College also conferred upon him the degree of M.A. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1860 to 1864, and there received the degree of M.D. In the autumn of 1864 he formed a medical co-partnership with Dr. Tupper (now Sir Charles), at Halifax, which partnership existed till Dr. Tupper took up his residence at Ottawa, in 1870. For several years he was surgeon to a volunteer company; from 1867 to 1872 he held the office of assistant inspecting physician for the port of Halifax, and since that date to the present time has held the position of inspecting physician for the same port. For several years the doctor has been vice-consul for the Netherlands at Halifax. He enjoys a good practice. In politics Dr. Wickwire is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Episcopal church. He was married in 1870 to Margaret Louisa, daughter of the late Hon. Alexander Keith, of Halifax.

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=Mathieu, Hon. Michel=, Judge of the Superior Court, Montreal, was born at Sorel, Richelieu county, on the 20th December, 1838, from the union of Joseph Mathieu, farmer, and justice of the peace, residing at Sorel, and Edwidge Vandal. Mr. Mathieu the elder was a farmer of little means, but had his son educated under the care of the Rev. Messire Augustin Lemay, formerly curé of the parish of Ste. Victoire (which was founded by the dismemberment of the old parish of St. Pierre de Sorel), where Mr. Mathieu had resided. His ancestors were of an ancient French family. The subject of our sketch completed his course of classical studies at the college of St. Hyacinthe. Leaving that institution in 1860, he matriculated, and was admitted to the study of the profession of a notary in the office of Jean George Crébassa, notary public, of the town of Sorel, and was admitted to practice on the 20th of January, 1864. In 1861 he had been also admitted to the study of law. He practised as a notary for a year, when he was admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec, and abandoned his former profession to engage exclusively in law practice. On the 11th of June, 1866, he was appointed sheriff of the district of Richelieu, in the place of Pierre Rémi Chevalier, who had resigned in his favour, and held that position until the 14th of August, 1872. The entrance of Mr. Mathieu into political life dates from that period, when he entered the lists and was elected to the House of Commons over his opponent, George Isidore Barthe, who, in turn, defeated him in 1874. In the following year he was elected by acclamation member of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec for Richelieu county; and again, on the 1st of May, 1878, by a majority of 186 over Pierre Bergeron, a physician of St. Aimé. Mr. Mathieu always wielded a powerful influence in his county, and was mainly instrumental in securing the election of L. H. Massue to the House of Commons at Ottawa in the election of the 1st of September, 1878. In politics he is a Conservative, and has always been a faithful adherent and a strong supporter of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier and Sir John A. Macdonald. On the 11th of October, 1880, he was made a Queen’s counsel, and on 3rd October, 1881, he accepted the position of justice of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, and removed to Montreal, where he resides at the present time. Until his elevation to the judicial bench, he was one of the directors of the Montreal, Portland and Boston and of the South-Eastern Railway Companies. He also published La Revue Légale for many years. Of undaunted energy, and possessed of sterling capacities, Hon. Mr. Mathieu always took a deep interest in the advancement of his native town, and occupied its civic chair during seven years, from 1875 to 1881. He was also one of the founders of the College of Sorel. As a private citizen he is esteemed for his affability and kindness of manners to all who require his advice, or have business to transact with him, and his courteousness has made him hosts of friends everywhere. Justice Mathieu was twice married—the first time, on the 22nd of June, 1863, to Marie Rose Délima Thirza, a daughter of the late Captain St. Louis, of Sorel; she died on the 23rd of March, 1870. By his first marriage he has three children, one son and two daughters, living. On the 30th October, 1881, he married Marie Amélie Antoinette, a daughter of the Hon. David Armstrong, member of the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec, and of Léocadie de Ligny. The fruit of his second union was one son, living. Madame Mathieu’s name is always to be found among the charity workers of the city of Montreal, and she is blessed by the poor.

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=Johnston, Hon. James William=, Judge in Equity, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The late Judge Johnston was by descent a Scotchman, and by birth a West Indian. His grandfather, Dr. Lewis Johnston, was born in Scotland, and claimed to be entitled to the now long dormant title of Marquis of Annandale, but never pressed his claim in the courts. He married Laleah Peyton, a lady of Huguenot descent, and settled in Savannah, Georgia, then a British colony, where he owned an estate called Annandale. Previous to the rebellion, Dr. Johnston filled the office of president of the council and treasurer of the colony of Georgia. On the breaking out of the revolutionary war his sons all entered the British army and fought on the side of the king. His eldest son, William Martin Johnston, the father of Judge Johnston, held the rank of captain of the New York volunteers in the year 1775. He was engaged in the defence of Savannah, was at the capture of Fort Montgomery on the Hudson, and took part in various other engagements during the war. At its close Dr. Johnston returned to Scotland, and Captain Johnston, who had lost all his property in consequence of espousing the cause of Britain, studied medicine, and graduated in the University of Edinburgh. He married Elizabeth Lichtenstein, the only daughter of Captain John Lichtenstein, of the noble and ancient Austrian family of that name. Captain Johnston subsequently removed to Kingston in the island of Jamaica, where his son James was born on the 29th of August, 1792. He was early sent to Scotland for his education, and was placed under the care of the late Rev. Dr. Duncan, of Ruthwell. The family afterwards settled permanently in Nova Scotia. James William Johnston studied law in Annapolis in the office of Thomas Ritchie, afterwards one of the judges of the Common Pleas, and was admitted to the bar in 1815. He commenced the practice of his profession in Kentville, the shire town of Kings county, but shortly after removed to Halifax and entered into partnership with Simon Bradstreet Robie, at that time the leading practitioner in the province. Mr. Johnston rose rapidly in his profession, and soon attained the highest rank, which he continued to hold unchallenged until his elevation to the bench of the Supreme Court. In cross-examination he displayed peculiar tact and skill, extracting from the most reluctant and perverse witness the minutest facts within his knowledge. Among the intellectual features that marked his professional career may be noted a strong and comprehensive grasp, a memory that seemed ever obedient to his will, together with a rapidity of perception, that gave wonderful readiness at repartee, seizing like lightning on the mistakes or unwise or weak arguments of an opponent, and turning them to the disadvantage of the opposite side, and to the manifest advantage of his own. This mental superiority, aided as it was by untiring perseverance and industry, was alone sufficient to win the highest honours of the bar. Few, if any, of Mr. Johnston’s forensic efforts have been preserved; but in cases where the battle was to be fought against wrong and oppression, he was especially powerful; rising to the occasion his bursts of impassioned eloquence swept with the force of a tornado carrying all before it. In the year 1835 Mr. Johnston was appointed solicitor-general of the province, which office was then non-political; but in the year 1838, at the earnest solicitation of Sir Colin Campbell, then lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, he entered the Legislative Council and commenced his political life, and at once became the acknowledged leader of the Conservative party. On the elevation of the Hon. S. G. W. Archibald to the Court of Chancery as master of the rolls in 1843, Mr. Johnston was appointed attorney-general, and at the general election held in that year, resigned his seat in the Legislative Council, and stood for the important county of Annapolis, for which he was returned by a large majority, and which constituency he continued uninterruptedly to represent in the House of Assembly until 1863, when he took his seat on the bench. One of the first acts he placed on the statute book was the Simultaneous Polling Act, which provided for the holding of elections throughout the province on one and the same day, instead of being as theretofore held at different times, and the polls moved round in different places in each constituency, entailing large additional expense and much loss of time. He also successfully advocated the introduction of denominational colleges, and their partial endowment by the state. Hon. Mr. Johnston was one of the delegates selected to meet Lord Durham, the high commissioner for settling the difficulties in Canada, and to confer with him on the contemplated changes in colonial government. Hon. Mr. Johnston might justly have claimed the honour of being the first statesman who in the halls of legislature advocated the union or confederation of the North American colonies. In the year 1854, on the floor of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, in a speech which for breadth of conception, deep research, fervent patriotism, and glowing eloquence, has rarely been equalled, and which by many has been considered his greatest effort, Hon. Mr. Johnston moved:—

That the union of the British North American provinces on just principles, while calculated to perpetuate their connection with the parent state, would promote their advancement and prosperity, increase their strength and influence, and elevate their position.

And though before the union was consummated he had retired from public life, and was therefore in no way responsible for the details of the scheme, yet his advocacy of the measure on its broad basis tended in no slight degree to create and educate public opinion, and smoothed the way for those who eventually succeeded in effecting the important change in the constitution he was the first to advocate. In the year 1857 Hon. Mr. Johnston, then attorney-general and leader of the government, pursuant to a resolution passed in the House of Assembly, proceeded to England to adjust the differences that for years existed between the province and the General Mining Association, who, as assignees of the Duke of York, to whom they had been granted, claimed the exclusive right to the mines and minerals of Nova Scotia, and who, by virtue thereof, possessed a practical monopoly of the coal trade. After a protracted negotiation, a compromise was effected and an agreement entered into by which the General Mining Association ceded to the government all their right and title to, and over, all the unworked mines and minerals. Thus was a grievance of long standing amicably settled, and their right to the great wealth hidden in the bowels of the earth secured to the people of Nova Scotia. In the year 1863, after a labourious and active professional life, and a somewhat turbulent political career, Hon. Mr. Johnston accepted a seat on the bench as judge in Equity and judge of the Supreme Court. The duties of his office were discharged with assiduity and the strictest integrity, and his decisions were received by the bar as clear, logical, and exhaustive expositions of the law. In the summer of 1872, Hon. Mr. Johnston obtained leave of absence, and proceeded to the south of France in the hopes that a milder and more genial climate might remove a bronchial affection from which he was suffering, but the beneficial results anticipated did not follow. He was offered in the following year the lieutenant-governorship of his adopted country, vacant by the demise of the late Hon. Joseph Howe, but this position the state of his health compelled him to decline. Early in life Mr. Johnston connected himself with the Baptist Church, and to the end continued a member of that communion. For years he devoted his time, energies and talents to the advancement of that body, socially, politically and educationally. The Baptist Academy at Wolfville, as well as Acadia College, owe their existence in a large measure to his personal labours, influence, and untiring exertions both in parliament and out. Of the latter institution he was one of the first governors, and continued to hold the office uninterruptedly, by repeated re-elections, to the time of his death. He was several times elected president of the Baptist Convention of the Maritime provinces, who, on his leaving the country, marked their great appreciation of his character and their sense of their lasting obligations to him by the unanimous adoption of the following resolution:—

This convention, having learnt that the health of our esteemed brother, Hon. Judge Johnston, a member of the Board of Governors of Acadia College, has induced him to seek a residence in Europe, Therefore resolve that we take this opportunity to tender to him the tribute which his high character, and long continued and important services in the cause of education seem to demand, by thus recording the sense we entertain of the value of those services, his devoted and consecrated talents, and of his great worth as a man, as a Christian gentleman, and especially as a Christian legislator and judge, the influence and grateful memory of which we trust will not be effaced; and although at his advanced age it may almost seem to be hoping against hope, yet this convention would still trust that a perfect restoration to health and strength may yet, in the good providence of God, return our valued brother, as well as his excellent lady, to their former position and relations in this country.

Hon. Mr. Johnston was twice married. His first wife was Amelia Elizabeth, daughter of the late William James Almon, surgeon, who was assistant surgeon to the Royal Artillery in New York, in June, 1776, and Rebecca Byles, granddaughter of the Rev. Dr. Byles, of Boston, Massachusetts. By her he had three sons, the eldest of whom is now the judge of the County Court for the metropolitan city and county of Halifax, and three daughters. Of these, two sons and one daughter are alive. His second wife was Louise, widow of the late Captain Wentworth, of the Royal Artillery, by whom he had one daughter and three sons; the daughter and two sons are living. Mr. Johnston’s physicians advised that his state of health would not permit of his return to Nova Scotia, and he determined to pass the winter of 1873 at Cheltenham, England, where, on the 21st day of November, in that year, at the ripe age of eighty-one years, and in the full possession of his mental faculties, he died, full of honours, leaving behind him a name untarnished, a character above reproach, and a reputation as a statesman, jurist and judge worthy of emulation by those who shall hereafter fill the places vacated by him.

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=Macdonald, Charles John=, Post Office Inspector for the Province of Nova Scotia, Halifax. Lieut.-Colonel Macdonald, the subject of this sketch, is of Scotch descent, his father, the late Robert Macdonald, having been a native of Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and for many years a resident of Halifax. Charles was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the 4th April, 1841, and received his education at Dalhousie College. He studied law in the office of the Hon. J. S. D. Thompson (now minister of justice at Ottawa), and was called to the bar in 1872. In 1878 he presented himself for parliamentary honours, and was returned a member of the Nova Scotia legislature as representative of the city and county of Halifax, and occupied the position of member of the Executive Council in 1878 and 1879 without portfolio. Lieut.-Colonel Macdonald, commander of the 66th battalion Princess Louise Fusiliers, served as major in the Halifax Provincial battalion during the North-West rebellion, having had under his command a detachment of one hundred and eighty men from the 63rd Rifles and Halifax Garrison Artillery. He occupied the position of paymaster for the volunteers from 1872 to 1878; and has been an alderman of the city of Halifax; president of the North British Society; deputy grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons; grand high priest of the Grand Chapter, and representative of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. In 1879 he was appointed to the office of inspector of post offices for the province of Nova Scotia, and this position he still occupies. In politics he leans towards Liberal-Conservatism, and in religion he is a Presbyterian. The colonel has been twice married—first to Mary Tamson, daughter of William Evans, and second to Annie, daughter of James McLearn.

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=Berryman, Daniel Edgar=, M.D. C.M., and A.R.S. (Edin.), is a native of New Brunswick, having been born in the city of St. John, on the 16th of August, 1848. His father, John Berryman, sen., was born in 1798, in the parish of Castle Dowson, Antrim county, Ireland, where his ancestors, who came from Devonshire, England, with the army of Oliver Cromwell, settled in the seventeenth century. He emigrated to this country about the year 1816, and settled in St. John, and died on the 2nd January, 1880. His wife, the mother of the subject of this sketch, whom he married in February, 1826, was Maria Wade, grand-daughter of Colonel Ansley. Her father was a merchant in St. John, and her mother came as a child with her parents, who were U. E. loyalists when St. John was first settled. The dates and particulars of the family history were destroyed in the great fire of 1877. To this worthy couple were born a family of thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, and of those nine still survive, and are filling important positions in various parts of the world. Daniel E., who was the youngest son, was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, under Drs. Bryce and Smidtz, and also at Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where he attended the art classes. In 1868 he again went to Edinburgh, and entered the university of that city as a medical student, and during the curriculum he took honours in several classes, besides receiving a special honorary diploma from the professor of midwifery and diseases of children (Simpson). Dr. Berryman was then appointed house surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, and also acted as private assistant for over a year to Sir Robert Christison, baronet, D.C.L., professor of materia medica, Sir Robert having at that time been physician to H.M. the Queen, for Scotland. He also acted as, and held the position of, hospital surgeon and physician, assistant to Dr. Joseph Bell, surgeon to the Eye and Ear Hospital, and was besides surgeon to the Edinburgh Maternity Hospital for nine months, and Hospital for Children, and held temporary appointments under Sir Joseph Lester and Doctors Gillespie, Saunders, and John H. Bennett; and also occupied the position of class assistant to Professor A. R. Simpson, professor of midwifery and diseases of children. On his return to his native city he began the practice of his profession, and has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In 1880 he was appointed police surgeon for the city; in 1883 he was gazetted coroner; and in 1886 he was made a justice of the peace. Outside the practice of his profession, Dr. Berryman has devoted considerable time to other matters, and we find him occupying the position of member of the Canada Medical Society; St. John Medical Society; treasurer of the New Brunswick Medical Society; a provincial Medical Examiner; a member of the executive of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; the corresponding secretary of the St. John Agricultural Society; a member of the St. John Historical Society; a member of the order of Oddfellows, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. The doctor is a Liberal in politics, being corresponding secretary of the St. John Liberal Society, and in religious matters is an adherent of the Baptist church.

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=Bell, John Howatt=, M.A., Barrister, M.P.P. for the Fourth District of Prince, Summerside, Prince Edward Island, was born at Cape Traverse, Prince Edward Island, on the 13th December, 1846. His father, Walter Bell, emigrated from Dumfries, Scotland, in 1820, and settled at Cape Traverse. His mother was Elizabeth Howatt, daughter of Adam Howatt. Mr. Bell received his education at the Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, and at Albert University, Belleville, Ontario, at which latter institution he took the degrees of B.A. and M.A. He studied law as a profession with Thomas Ferguson, Q.C., Toronto, and was called to the bar of Ontario in 1874. He then went to Ottawa, and in partnership with R. A. Bradley, practised his profession for eight years in that city. In 1882 Mr. Bell removed to Emerson, Manitoba, and was admitted a member of the bar of Manitoba, in 1882, and practised in Emerson for two years. In 1884 he went to Prince Edward Island, and having passed the necessary examination, he became a member of the bar of that island, and has since resided at Summerside successfully engaged in his profession. At the last general election held in Prince Edward Island Mr. Bell was returned to represent the fourth electoral district of Prince in the island House of Assembly. In politics he is a Liberal, and in religion he belongs to the Presbyterian church. On the 7th July, 1882, he was married to Helen, daughter of Cornelius Howatt, of Summerside, P.E.I.

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=Mackay, Norman E.=, M.D., C.M., M.R.C.S., Eng., etc., Surgeon Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born in Upper Settlement, Baddeck, Victoria county, Cape Breton, in March, 1851. His father was Neil Mackay, and mother Catharine McMillan. The family were among the first settlers in the district, and farmed a considerable portion of land. Dr. Mackay received his primary education in the Baddeck and Pictou academies, and for some time taught school. He then chose the medical profession, and in the winter of 1875-6 began to study with this end in view. He applied himself diligently to his allotted tasks, and in the second year was chosen prosector for his class. At the end of his third year he was awarded the prize for passing the best primary examination. In April, 1879, the Halifax Medical College conferred upon him the degree of M.D., C.M., and the University of Halifax, that of B.M. in May of the same year. After graduating, he began the practice of his profession with success at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and after residing in this place for a year, he removed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, where he remained for three years. In April, 1884, he was appointed surgeon to the Prince Edward Island Hospital. In 1883-4 he took a post graduate course in the London (England) hospitals and medical schools, and was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in January, 1884. He began to practice medicine in Halifax, N.S., in January, 1885, and was appointed surgeon to the Victoria General Hospital of that city in October of the same year. In January, 1886, he received the appointment of physician to the Halifax Dispensary; and in October following was elected a member of the Provincial Medical Board. In politics Dr. Mackay is a Liberal, and in religion a Presbyterian. He was married on the 9th July, 1884, to Isabella, eldest daughter of Lemuel Miller, principal of West Kent School, Charlottetown, P.E.I.

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=Proudfoot, Hon. William=, Justice of the Chancery Division of High Court of Justice of Ontario, Toronto, was born near Errol, a village in Perthshire, Scotland, on the 9th of November, 1823. He is the son of the late Rev. William Proudfoot, who for many years was superintendent of the Theological Institute of the United Presbyterian church, at London, Ontario. The Rev. Mr. Proudfoot was one of the earliest missionaries sent out to this country by the United Secession Church of Scotland, as it was then called, and reached Canada with his family in 1832, and after a few months spent in Toronto (then Little York), he removed to London, where he organized a church, in which he officiated until his death, in January, 1851. This old secession minister was a staunch Reformer, and naturally came under suspicion, when almost everybody who dared to differ from the dominant party during the troubles of 1837 was suspected. He, however, boldly met the aspersions of his political enemies, and secured himself from molestation. The subject of our sketch, the Hon. Vice-Chancellor Proudfoot, is the third son of this venerable minister, and he received his educational training under the paternal roof, never having entered a public institution of learning. Having resolved to adopt law as a profession, and having passed his preliminary examination before the Law Society of Upper Canada, Mr. Proudfoot entered the office of Blake & Morrison, barristers, Toronto, Mr. Blake afterwards becoming chancellor of Upper Canada, and Mr. Morrison a justice of the Court of Appeal, both now deceased, where he remained the five years prescribed as the period of study for an articled clerk, and during the Michaelmas term in 1849, he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. He then entered into partnership with the late Charles Jones, and practised his profession with this gentleman in Toronto until 1851, when he was appointed the first chancery-master and deputy-registrar at Hamilton. This appointment was rendered necessary by the thorough re-organization of the Equity Court, accomplished on the representation of chancellor W. H. Blake. After retaining this position for three years, Mr. Proudfoot, preferring to return to the active work of his profession, resigned his office, and entered into partnership with Freeman & Craigie, under the style of Freeman, Craigie & Proudfoot, barristers. This firm stood at the head of the Hamilton bar, and Mr. Proudfoot had charge of the equity practice. In 1862, he left the firm and practised with other partners until 1874, when he succeeded Vice-Chancellor Strong (who had been promoted to the Supreme Court) upon the bench. In 1872, he was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the Ontario government. Prior to his elevation to the bench, he was an active Reformer in politics; and he still remains true to the church of his fathers, as a member of a Presbyterian Church in Toronto. As a lawyer and judge, Hon. Mr. Proudfoot is deeply read, and continues still to be a devoted student of the great authorities on equity. Being very conversant with the Latin and French languages, he is well-grounded in the Roman and civil law, and his judgments are models of lucid expression and technical accuracy. He is, what is supposed still better, thoroughly judicial in the extent of his mind, and has proved himself a distinguished ornament to the Ontario bench. In 1853, Judge Proudfoot married Miss Thomson, a daughter of the late John Thomson, of Toronto, and by this lady he had a family of six children. She died in 1871. He married his second wife in 1875. She was Miss Cook, daughter of the late Adam Cook, of Hamilton, and she died in 1878, leaving one son.

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=Wilkinson, William=, of Bushville, Chatham, New Brunswick, the present judge of the County Courts of Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, son of John and Catherine Wilkinson, both now deceased, was born at Liverpool, England, on the 11th February, 1826. He came out to New Brunswick in 1840, arriving at Chatham on the 11th September, after a long passage of forty-nine days, by the encouragement of, and to be with his half-brother, the late James Johnson, who had arrived in the country about six years before, and who had then lately entered into business as a merchant on his own account. He remained with his brother as apprentice clerk for two years, and then with the sanction and good will of all friends, he entered the law office of the late Hon. John M. Johnson, jun., as a law student, and was entered as such in Michaelmas term, 1842. In the same term of 1847, having satisfactorily passed the necessary examinations as to his fitness, he was duly sworn in and enrolled as an attorney of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, and also received his commission to act as notary public. In Michaelmas term, 1849, he was duly called to the bar. For a few years after his admission he practised alone, but on the 20th December, 1852, he entered into partnership with the late Hon. John M. Johnson, jun., which partnership continued up to the time of Mr. Johnson’s death, November, 1868. During its continuance they were engaged in many very important and interesting causes, and always had the reputation of being very careful, successful, practitioners. The first governmental office Mr. Wilkinson received was that of surrogate and judge of Probates for the county of Northumberland, which was on the resignation of the office by the late Hon. Thomas H. Peters, on the 8th July, 1851. This office he resigned in the spring or summer of 1870, with the view of becoming a candidate for the New Brunswick legislature. And it may be mentioned that during all the time Mr. Wilkinson held the office, no appeal was ever made from any decision or judgment made by him in any cause before him. In the spring or summer of 1852, Mr. Wilkinson was appointed (under the first Education Act of New Brunswick authorising inspectors, passed in the previous winter) inspector of schools for his county, Northumberland, which office he held for several years, until, fearing that the increasing professional demands on his time and attention might induce a less careful and thorough performance of his duties as inspector, or interfere with professional duties, he resigned the office into the hands of the government, stating these reasons. But his resignation was much to the regret of the then superintendent, Marshal D’Avary, who was most desirous that he should continue in office and become a district inspector under the new act then, or about to be, passed. On the 8th November, 1870, he was appointed by the commissioners of the Intercolonial Railway for examining and reporting upon the titles of lands taken for railway purposes through the county of Northumberland, and later by the railway authorities to perform a similar duty in regard to many unsettled and disputed cases in the adjoining counties of Gloucester and Restigouche. And at intervals for several years after his first appointment as railway solicitor, he was appointed one of the appraisers with one or other of the paymasters of the Intercolonial Railway, for the time being, to appraise and (after the preparation and execution of the proper transfer of title) pay the land damages for rights of way, water courses, and conduits taken for the railway purposes through all these counties. In the fall of 1872 he was appointed by the Dominion government immigrant agent for Northumberland, on the resignation by John G. G. Layton. This office he held for a few years, when, on a change of government, a new policy in regard to immigration was inaugurated. But on the cessation of the office, courteous and full acknowledgment was made by the then government of the ability and zeal with which the duties had been performed. On the 2nd April, 1873, he was appointed by the Dominion government one of Her Majesty’s Counsel Learned in the Law. On the 6th March, 1877, he was appointed surrogate of the Vice-Admiralty Court of New Brunswick, by the Vice-Admiralty Court, and on the 11th March, 1881, on the resignation of Judge Williston, he received the appointment of judge of the County Courts of Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, and on the next day was duly sworn in and held his first county court at Bathurst, Gloucester county. On the 12th February, 1884, he was ex-officio appointed first commissioner under the Liquor License Act of 1883, for the several license districts of Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, and held the same till the decision of the Privy Council declared the act ultra vires. On the 26th October, 1885, he was appointed under separate commissions the revising officer of the electoral districts of the counties of Northumberland and Restigouche respectively, under the Electoral Franchise Act, passed in 1884. Judge Wilkinson is a member of the Church of England, adhering strongly to the views developed by the Oxford movement. For thirty years, and without a break, he was the vestry clerk of the church corporation in Chatham, where he has always lived, and only resigned the office a few years ago, because of his necessary frequent absence from home, to fill judicial appointments. For a like period, with very rare exceptions, he has been a delegate to the Diocesan Church Society, and to the Diocesan Synod at, and ever since its formation, and on several occasions has been elected by the Diocesan to the Provincial Synod. At the formation of the Diocesan, he strongly espoused the right of concurrence of the bishop in all acts of the synod, so in the Provincial he was with those who held and voted that the House of Bishops should have a veto power on all nominations to the episcopate, both of which views, though not without much opposition, ultimately carried. On St. James’ day, 1850, he was married to Eliza Lovibond, only child of the Rev. Samuel Bacon, D.R. (the first rector of Chatham, and who continued such for the long period of forty-seven years, dying at his post on the 16th February, 1869), and granddaughter of the celebrated sculptor, the elder John Bacon, by whom he has had six children, only three of whom are now living: namely, Eliza Bacon, wife of John P. Burchill, M.P.P.; the Rev. William James, rector of Bay du Vin; and Mary Edith, the wife of William R. Butler, B.E., professor of mathematics at, and vice-president of, King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. It is said that after the marriage of the latter, it was observed by the Bishop of Fredericton, the present Metropolitan of Canada, that he could say in this instance what, perhaps, could not be said by any other in Canada of any one else, that it had been his great happiness to marry the mother as well as her two daughters.

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=Cargill, Henry=, Manufacturer of Lumber, Cargill, Ontario, M.P. for East Bruce, was born in the township of Nassagaweya, Halton county, on the 13th August, 1838. His father, David Cargill, and mother, Anne Cargill, were natives of the county of Antrim, Ireland, and having emigrated to Canada in 1824, settled in the county of Halton, Ontario, over sixty years ago. Henry received his primary education at the schools in his native county, and afterwards took a course at Queen’s College, Kingston. He commenced the lumber business in 1861; and in 1878 removed from Nassagaweya to Guelph, and in April of the following year to Greenock township, east riding of Bruce county, where he still resides. Although the manufacture of lumber has been Mr. Cargill’s chief business, he has engaged, to a limited extent, in mercantile pursuits, and has done some farming. He has also a flour mill and a sash and door factory, and on the whole has succeeded very well in all he has undertaken. He was for some time the postmaster at Cargill; and for the last three years has been the reeve of the township of Greenock. Mr. Cargill has been an active politician for many years; and in 1887, on presenting himself for parliamentary honors, was elected to represent East Bruce in the Dominion parliament. In 1879 he generously gave to the Wellington, Grey & Bruce (now the Grand Trunk) Railway a piece of land on which he built a station, and this was the starting of the village of Cargill, which is named after him. In politics he is a Conservative; and in religion he belongs to the Presbyterian denomination. On the 11th March, 1864, he was married to Margaret Davidson, daughter of William and Anne Davidson, of Halton, and has a family of four children.

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=Stennett, Rev. Canon Walter=, Cobourg, Ontario, was born in Kingston, Ontario, in 1821, of English parents, who had emigrated, in 1811, to the West Indies, and in 1817, at the close of the American war, passed through the United States and settled in Kingston. His father was a typical Englishman, whose politics were never swayed by considerations of advantage to himself; hence, though always a staunch Conservative, he neither sought nor received any government office or emolument, but through a long life continued true to his principles of loyalty and integrity, unrewarded. In 1837, when the “American sympathizers” (as they were then called) aided the rebellion of Mackenzie, he commanded a body of provincial artillery opposite Navy Island, and he will be remembered by many still living as president of the officers’ mess of the militia on the Canadian shore. His son, the subject of this sketch, a boy of sixteen, was just ending a successful career at Upper Canada College, where he won many prizes, both in classics and mathematics. On the opening of King’s College University, young Stennett was one of the first to matriculate, and soon proved that his early promise in Upper Canada College would not disappoint those who expected somewhat from him. Amongst these was the Rev. Dr. McCaul, with whom young Stennett soon became a great favorite, and who especially recognized his talent for Latin and English verse. It was in mathematics, however, that his highest development showed itself, so much so that the then professor of mathematics, on leaving for England, wished young Stennett to enter Cambridge, in which English university he assured him of a high wranglership. While still pursuing his student career in King’s College, the vacancy of third classical master in Upper Canada College occurred, and Mr. Stennett was immediately chosen as one very fit to fill it. Hence he commenced his course as master in the institution in which he had received his earliest classical training. After a few years, and while still completing with éclat his course at King’s College, and reading in divinity under the late Rev. Dr. Beaven and Professor Hirschfelder, he received his degrees of B.A. and M.A.; but was prevented from proceeding to B.D. and D.D. by the abolition of the chair of divinity, and with it the power of King’s College to confer degrees in that faculty. Meanwhile, by the lamented death of the Rev. W. H. Ripley, Mr. Stennett was made second classical master in Upper Canada College, and afterwards, by a series of events which caused the retirement of the then principal—the late F. W. Barron, M.A.—Mr. Stennett was, without the least solicitation on his own part, promoted to the vacant post, as one fitted in every way, by his talents, disposition, and acquirements, adequately to fill the position of principal of the Eton of Canada. A few years before, in 1852, Mr. Stennett had married the daughter of the then Ven. Archdeacon of York, and, on returning from his marriage tour, was, while in London, commissioned to obtain from Downing Street, and to bring out with him, the Royal Charter of Trinity College, Toronto. Though always by his feelings naturally inclined to the Church University, Mr. Stennett has never taken an ad eundem degree in Trinity College, but his name still continues on the roll of what has ever been to him the rightful representative of his own university. Thus has the onward tide of things not increased his academic honors. While principal of Upper Canada College, Mr. Stennett had the honor of personally presenting the address of that institution to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, then on a visit to this country. About the sixth year of Mr. Stennett’s prosperous conduct of Upper Canada College, contentions unhappily arose with the Senate of the University of Toronto, the leading spirits of which desired alterations in the classical scheme of teaching, and changes in the mode of discipline, of which changes Mr. Stennett, from his experience, did not approve. Under the worry produced by conscientiously resisting these changes, and honestly upholding a system under which some of the finest minds in the country had had their training, Mr. Stennett’s health broke down. His honest efforts to resist what he regarded as a mongrel and lowering system brought on a serious brain affection, which demanded his resignation in self-defence, and this resignation was, greatly to the indignation of Sir Edmund Head, the then governor-general (himself a scholar and a gentleman), accepted, though he offered Mr. Stennett a special Royal commission. To recover from this affection of the brain (the effects of which have never entirely left him), Mr. Stennett retired to a small property on Lake Simcoe, where, after an interval of needful rest, he built, and for some time conducted successfully, the private school known as “Beechcroft.” From this Mr. Stennett was, in 1866, at the especial desire of Bishop Strachan, promoted to the important rectory of Cobourg, then about to become vacant by the election of its rector to the dignity of coadjutor bishop of Niagara. For now over twenty years Mr. Stennett has ably and successfully conducted the affairs of the parish of Cobourg; but for some time a return of some of the symptoms which caused his retirement from Upper Canada College, has prevented him from actively discharging parish duties, which he has been obliged largely to delegate to his assistant, the Rev. Dr. Roy. It must not be supposed, however, that Mr. Stennett, while principally engaged in teaching, neglected the higher duties of a Christian clergyman. Called to the diaconate in 1847, and to the priesthood in the year following, he was immediately appointed assistant minister in the church of the Holy Trinity, Toronto, the congregation of which church he worked hard in building up, and for five years he served that congregation without fee or reward. He was afterwards chiefly instrumental in building, and in collecting the congregation for, the church at Carlton, near Toronto. He served for long periods, in the absence of their own clergy, the church at Norway, and the three churches of the Rev. Mr. Darling, in the township of Scarboro’, all this without compensation of any kind. Finally, on his retirement to Lake Simcoe, he built, and served gratuitously for several years, the beautiful little stone church of Christ’s Church, Keswick. In fact, until he was inducted into the rectory of Cobourg, Mr. Stennett had never received a penny in the way of stipend. To the efficient manner in which the affairs of his parish in Cobourg have been managed, the records of the church can testify. Large returns have been regularly made for all the purposes for which the synod required collections. A beautiful chancel has been added to St. Peter’s Church; one of the best organs in the diocese has been placed therein, and many other improvements are in course of being made. Canon Stennett having had the great misfortune to lose his estimable wife by a lingering illness, was, early in 1882, married by the Bishop of Toronto to Julia Veronica, daughter of the late Norman Bethune, of Montreal, and niece of the late Dean Bethune, of Christ’s Church Cathedral in that city. Her tact, energy and ability have been prominently shown in those parts of parochial work which need the skilled guidance of an accomplished lady. This slight sketch would be left imperfect, did we fail to mention that Canon Stennett’s labors were not confined altogether to the routine duties of his own parish, but that under three successive bishops his scholarly and theological attainments were utilized to the benefit of the diocese at large, in his conducting, periodically, the examinations for holy orders, until the brain malady, from which he still suffers, obliged him to resign this portion of his duties into the hands of his bishop.

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=Bélanger, Rev. François Honoré=, Curé of the Parish of St. Roch, Quebec, was born at Montreal on the 26th April, 1850. He is the son of François Bélanger, who was manager of the Queen’s printer’s establishment during many years, and Elmire Chalut, a member of a family having numerous representatives in all parts of the province of Quebec. Mr. Bélanger, sen., died in September, 1857, and Mrs. Bélanger, in September, 1859. Having completed a course of classical and theological studies at the Seminary of Quebec, he determined to enter holy orders. He was ordained priest on the 28th of May, 1876, and was appointed vicar at the Basilica, Quebec city, on 29th of May of the same year, a position he held for nine years and a half. On the 4th of October, 1885, he was given the charge of the important parish of St. Roch, succeeding the Rev. Mr. Gosselin, and the Rev. Mr. Charest, whose memory will forever survive, chiefly in connection with the signal services he rendered his flock on the occasions of the disastrous conflagrations Quebec has so often been visited with, and also of the riots, when his presence and his voice quelled the most turbulent as by magic. Rev. Mr. Bélanger has built the St. Roch’s School, probably the finest building held by the Christian Brothers in the Dominion. This school is the property of the parish of St. Roch.

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=Joseph, Abraham=,—The late Abraham Joseph, Merchant, of Quebec, was born on the 14th of November, 1815, at Berthier, near Montreal. He was the son of Henry Joseph and Rachel Solomon. After the death of his father, who succumbed to the cholera plague of 1832, he removed to Quebec, where he continued to reside up to his death, which occurred on the 20th of March, 1886. The other branches of the family have all settled in Montreal. Mr. Joseph married in 1846 Sophia David, daughter of Samuel David and Sarah Hart, of Montreal, and she died in 1866, leaving a family of eleven children, four sons and seven daughters. Of these all but one have survived their father. Mr. Joseph was a successful man of business throughout his long career; his name was identified with almost every commercial enterprise of his time, and in most instances appeared among their active directors. As president of the Quebec Board of Trade, he appeared for several years at the head of the business community, and in his turn presided over the then flourishing Dominion Board of Trade. He was one of the original directors of the Banque Nationale, where was seen the unusual spectacle of eight men, all middle-aged or more, sitting at the same board for over eleven years without change. The first break in the board (since, however, much changed), was made when Mr. Joseph resigned his position, to take the presidency of the Stadacona Bank, then being established. This institution had a fairly successful career, but after passing through the greater part of a period of commercial depression, was put into liquidation by a vote of the shareholders. The president himself never lost faith in the institution, and his assertions of its complete soundness were amply proved by the fact, that in spite of the losses and expenses incidental to liquidation, the shareholders received back the whole of their capital. Mr. Joseph’s public services, however, were not confined strictly to commercial life. Proud of his English descent, he was a life member of the St. George’s Society, and more than once its president. He sat in the city council, and once stood for the mayoralty, being only defeated by a small and very questionable majority. He took a lively interest, but no prominent part, in politics. He served in the Quebec light infantry, during the rebellion of 1837-8, and in time attained the rank of major in the militia. He held the position of vice-consul for Belgium for over thirty years. A Jew by birth and conviction, he brought up his large family, with the assistance of his revered wife, as long as she lived, in all the teachings of their religion, both ceremonial and moral—a task of no slight difficulty in the absence of anything like an organized community. Though truly religious, however, he was as far removed as possible from any taint of bigotry, and his integrity, kind-heartedness and intelligent sympathy, made him the friend alike of Catholic and Protestant, rich and poor, English and French. It is doubtful, indeed, whether in his long career he made any enemies. It is very characteristic of the man’s liberal views, that of the only two public legacies left by his will, one was for a Christian object, the other for a Jewish. His habits were thoroughly domestic and sociable, and his residence, Kincardine Place, was long known as one of the most hospitable residences in Quebec city. He was never happier than when surrounded by the young friends of the family, or by his grandchildren, eight of whom he lived to see.

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=Pelletier, Hon. Honoré Cyrias=, Puisné Judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, with place of residence at Rimouski, was born at Cacouna, in the county of Kamouraska, on the 28th November, 1840, from the marriage of François Pelletier, farmer, and Françoise Caron, who lived in Cacouna, and removed later on to St. Arsène, county of Temiscouata. Justice Pelletier was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, and graduated bachelier-ès-lettres et ès-sciences at Laval University, where he also followed the law course for three years. He then entered the law office of L. G. Baillairgé, in Quebec, and was called to the bar of the province on the 8th of October, 1866. He practised his profession in Quebec, forming partnerships successively with A. Benoit, H. J. J. Duchesnay, and J. E. Bédard. In 1879 he was made a Queen’s counsel; and was elevated to the bench on the 12th of April, 1886, on the death of the late Judge Mousseau. Judge Pelletier was married twice, the first time to Tharsile Gourdeau, a daughter of F. Gourdeau, who was harbor master of Quebec, in 1869; and the second time to Célina Moraud, a daughter of J. B. Moraud, N.P., of Lotbinière, in 1877.

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=Fizét, Louis Joseph Cyprien.=—This well known French Canadian poet was born in Quebec, on the 3rd October, 1825. His mother was Mary Powers, of London, England, daughter of an officer of the Royal navy; and his father the Hon. Louis Fizét,—descended from an old French family which left Dieppe, in Normandy, in 1656, and settled in Canada,—held several important official positions, including that of district judge for the district of Gaspé, and took an active and influential part in the political events that occurred in the district of Quebec anterior to the year 1840. He died in January, 1867. At a meeting of the bar of Lower Canada, held in the city of Quebec, on the 8th of that month, Hon. Charles Alleyn being in the chair, the following resolution, amongst others, was unanimously adopted: “Proposed by the Hon. J. N. Bossé, seconded by Charles J. Holt, Esq., Q.C., and resolved, that this section of the bar believes it to be its duty to render homage publicly to the memory of the deeply lamented Hon. Louis Fizét, to his virtues as a citizen, upright and honorable, who has given universal satisfaction in the fulfilment of the duties of the various public offices which he has filled, and who has deserved from all the highest testimonials of esteem in his public and private life by his constant affability, courtesy, and kindness of heart.” Louis Joseph C. Fizét, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the private school of the celebrated Doctor Wilkie, and subsequently at the Seminary of Quebec, where he had for professors, among others, the Rev. Alexandre Taschereau, who is now his Eminence Cardinal Taschereau; the Rev. Jean Langevin, now his Grace the Bishop of Rimouski; and the Rev. M. Bouchy, a distinguished French professor of rhetoric. At this latter institution he exhibited a more than ordinary aptitude and taste for literature, which evinced at this early period, that he was likely to shine as a literary man of ability later on, and which expectation has since been fully justified. As an instance of his early taste for literature, at the age of twelve years he wrote a story entitled “Vincent, le Naufragé,” the fruit of his young imagination, though distantly connected with Robinson Crusoe. When the manuscript was concluded, he would not be satisfied until he had illustrated it with colored designs, showing his hero in various adventures, and then bound it with his own hands. This early effort, though far from being a masterpiece, showed the bent of his mind at that early age. Mr. Fizét has travelled through Europe, and is well acquainted with all its more important cities, hence his natural talents have had the advantage of development through observation of the habits and customs of peoples of many different nationalities. While in Dieppe, in Normandy, France, he called on the mayor of that city, who courteously gave him an opportunity of consulting its archives. He there found the certificate of birth of the founder of his family in Canada, to whom he had traced his origin by means of certain documents and the registers of births deposited in the archives of Quebec. The certificate of birth of his ancestor, found at Dieppe, is in the following terms: “Le 31 août, 1635, est né dans cette ville Abraham, fils d’Abraham Fizét et de Catherine de la Brecque, nommé par Jacques de la Brecque et Catherine de Caux, lesquels ont signé.” This certificate satisfied him that his family name ought to be spelled thus: “Fizét,” and not Fiset. He studied law under the Hon. Ed. Bacquet, who was later appointed one of the justices of the Superior Court, and the Hon. Charles Alleyn, Q.C., and at one time provincial secretary of the united provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and was duly admitted to the bar on the 24th of November, 1848. In 1849, like many of the young men of that time, he took an interest in politics, and was an ardent admirer of the late Sir L. H. Lafontaine, then at the head of the Lafontaine-Baldwin administration. On the day following the burning of the parliamentary buildings at Montreal, by an infuriated mob, he took passage for that city, then in the greatest agitation, and with many others, offered his services to the government to assist in the maintenance of order; but Lord Elgin, at that time governor-general of Canada, being averse to the arming of the citizens, his offer was not accepted. On that memorable occasion he wrote the following extemporaneous song which has remained in the possession of one of his then youthful friends, and which indicates the excitement prevailing at that period:

I.

Voyez venir la horde meurtrière . . . Voyez venir les bourreaux de trente-huit! Ils ont lancé la torche incendiaire Contre nos toîts dans l’ombre de la nuit!

CHŒUR.

Serrons nos rangs, luttons contre l’orage . . . Soyons unis, vaillants comme autrefois! Courons, courons arracher à l’outrage Nos saints autels, notre langue et nos lois!

II.

O Liberté qu’insulte leur audace! C’est en ton nom qu’on veut nous égorger! . . . Fille du ciel, protège notre race . . . Accorde-nous l’honneur de te venger! Serrons nos rangs, etc., etc.

III.

Vaincre ou mourir! fut le grand cri de guerre Que nos aïeux ont cent fois répété . . . Vaincre ou mourir! . . . Au sein de l’Angleterre Qu’il retentisse! . . . il sera respecté! Serrons nos rangs, etc., etc.

Later on, when the war feeling was at its height in Canada, and when hostilities were expected to break out between England and the United States on account of the Trent affair, he contributed to form a drill association, for the purpose of raising volunteer regiments, to assist the regulars in defending the country. One of the associations was called “Les Chasseurs de Québec,” and he wrote for them the following song, so far inedited:

LE CHANT DES CHASSEURS.

I.

Entendez-vous ces cris de rage? L’aigle du nord, vainqueur là-bas, Vient assouvir sur ce rivage La mort qui le pousse aux combats! Marchons! sa haine héréditaire Nous vaudra de nouveaux lauriers . . . Pour nos autels, pour nos foyers Soyons un peuple militaire!

CHŒUR.

Ce bruit sourd qu’apporte le vent, C’est la voix du canon qui tonne! . . . A la baïonnette . . en avant! Pressons le pas; la charge sonne! Pour chasser les envahisseurs Soyons chasseurs! Soyons chasseurs!

II.

Dans la paix vous trouviez des charmes, O vous, qui révez le bonheur! Mais, Dieu le veut! l’appel aux armes Nous guide au sentier de l’honneur . . . Amis, nous sommes de ces races Que la peur ne flétrit jamais! Anglo-Saxons, Normands Français, De nos aïeux suivons les traces!

CHŒUR.

Ce bruit sourd, etc., etc.

III.

Gloire à toi, jeunesse intrépide, A toi le poste du danger; Déjà ton cœur bat, plus rapide, Du noble espoir de nous venger! La paix énervait ton courage . . . Méprisant un lâche repos, Tu l’as compris, les vrais héros, Eclairs, jaillissent de l’orage!

CHŒUR.

Ce bruit sourd, etc., etc.

IV.

L’Américain ne fera guère Dans nos hameaux un long séjour; Nos pères l’ont vaincu naguère Leurs enfants le battront un jour! Fils d’Albion, fils de la France, On veut en vain vous asservir! Soyons soldats! plutôt mourir Que de perdre l’indépendance!

CHŒUR.

Ce bruit sourd, etc., etc.

Some time after, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the reserve militia. His intention had been to devote his life to politics, and the practice of his profession, having adhered for some time in politics, to the views of the late Hon. Joseph Cauchon, subsequently lieutenant-governor of Manitoba; but in 1861, he was offered, by the administration of Sir George Cartier, and accepted the office of joint prothonotary of the Superior Court, and still retains the position. Having exhibited such a taste for literature in his early youth, it is not surprising to find him with a strong tendency to poetry, which was developed so far that he is familiarly known as one of the poets of Lower Canada, for he has written some of the most graceful poems and lyrics published in this country. Upon the occasion of the visit of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860, M. Fizét was invited by Sir Hector Langevin, at that time mayor of Quebec, to compose the ode of welcome for that city to the young prince, which was much admired, and for which he was complimented and received the thanks of our good Queen’s son. Mr. Fizét was jointly with the Hon. M. A. Plamondon, the founder of the Canadian Institute of Quebec (“l’Institut Canadien de Québec”) of which he afterwards became president, and for several terms subsequently held, and still holds, the office of honorary president. In 1856, while holding this office, he offered thirty pounds for the best essay on the subject: “Quels seraient les moyens à adopter pour créer en Canada une littérature nationale.” In 1878, he also put up to competition a prize of twenty-five pounds, to be adjudged by the said institute for the best essay on the following subject: “Eloge de l’agriculture; de l’état de l’agriculture dans la province de Québec; des moyens à prendre pour en activer le progrès.” Hon. Senator Fabre, at present Canadian agent in Paris, France, in a public lecture delivered in Quebec, said, regarding the subject of this sketch, Mr. L. G. C. Fizét, “Imagination charmante, au vol gracieux; poète délicat, au vers élégant.” Most of his published poems have appeared in La Ruche Littéraire, Les Soirées Canadiennes, La Littérature Canadienne, Le Foyer Canadien, Le journal de l’Education, and some of the leading French journals. The following extracts from “L’Histoire de la Littérature Canadienne,” by Lareau, of Montreal, may possibly tend to show the high repute in which M. Fizét is held in that city. In 1867, Mr. Fizét obtained the silver medal, at a poetical competition, opened to all comers, by the Laval University, on the following subject, viz., “The Discovery of Canada.” The competitors were numerous, and the report of the jury, speaking of his poem, read as follows; “A happy variety of rhythm, adapted with great art to the different parts of the subject, a great elevation of style and ideas, life and brilliancy, real lyrical inspiration which sustains itself nearly from one end of the poem to the other. The first two chants have merited a very particular mention for their loftiness of ideas, and the sustained beauty of the versification.” In 1873, M. Fizét was preparing a complete edition of his poems and lyrics, most of which were unpublished when his manuscripts were burnt and lost in the Court house of Quebec, which was destroyed by fire on the 1st of February, of that year. Ever since, his numerous official and other occupations have prevented him from devoting any of his time to the restoration of his lost manuscripts, and the further culture of literature, but with the high commendation he has so deservedly received, emanating from the source it does, it may well be remarked, that Quebec, with honest pride, gratulates itself that she possesses such a poet and scholar in one of her sons, as we find the subject of our sketch, who in various situations, some of them very trying, as we are told, has always shown a kindly disposition, a high sense of honor, a remarkable combination of powers, great sagacity, integrity of motive, energy of character and undaunted will-power as testified by general report. His motto is, “Fais ce que dois, advienne que pourra.”

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=Kilgour, Robert=, Paper Bag Manufacturer, Toronto, was born at Beauharnois, province of Quebec, on the 29th April, 1847. His father, William Kilgour, was a native of Edinburgh; and his mother, Ann Wilson, a native of Loch Winnoch, in Scotland. Both came to Canada while young, and after marrying settled in Beauharnois, where Mr. Kilgour carried on the carpenter and building trade. Robert received his education at the public school of his native town, and when a lad entered the office of Messrs. Molson, of Montreal, where he remained for some time. He then came to Toronto, and became book-keeper for Livingston, Johnson and Co., wholesale clothiers, and here remained until 1870. He then returned to Montreal, and went into the paper bag business in partnership with J. C. Wilson, and on the expiration of this partnership, in 1874, returned to Toronto and established, with his brother, Joseph Kilgour, the business of Kilgour Brothers, paper bag manufacturers, who are now carrying on the largest business of its kind in Canada. Mr. Kilgour is a very active citizen, and takes part in everything tending to elevate the race. For a number of years he has been treasurer for the Young Men’s Christian Association, and is also connected with several other benevolent institutions. In politics he is a Reformer; and in religion a member of the Presbyterian church. On the 15th July, 1886, he was married to Clara, daughter of the late William Govan, manufacturer, who for a number of years was one of Glasgow’s (Scotland) greatly respected magistrates.

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=Casgrain, Thomas Chase=, Q.C., LL.D., M.P.P., Advocate and Professor of Criminal Law at Laval University, Quebec, was born in Detroit, Michigan, on the 28th of July, 1852. He is descendant from one of the oldest French families in Canada. His paternal ancestors belonged to an ancient family at Ervault, in Poitou, France. The first who came to Canada was Jean Baptiste Casgrain, an officer in the French army, who landed about 1750. His son, Pierre, was lord of the Seigniories of Rivière Ouelle and L’Islet. Maternally he is descended from Jacques Babie, an officer of the Regiment of Carignan-Salières, who landed in Quebec in 1665, and whose descendants of that name have occupied high and responsible positions in the country. His grandfather was the late Hon. Charles Eusèbe Casgrain, lieutenant-colonel, unattached, who sat for Cornwallis in the Lower Canada Assembly from 1830 to 1834, was a member of the Special Council of Lower Canada from 1838 to 1840, and at his death held the office of assistant commissioner of Public Works of Canada. His father, the Hon. Charles Eugène Casgrain, C.M., M.D., is one of the senators of the Dominion. He was educated in Quebec, and studied medicine in McGill College, Montreal. He began the practice of his profession in Detroit, U.S., in 1851, but removed to Sandwich in 1856, and now resides at Windsor. He has held various prominent positions in his country; and was created a knight of the order of the Holy Sepulchre in 1884. He was called to the Senate in 1887. His mother is Charlotte Mary Chase, a daughter of the late Thomas Chase, of Detroit, Michigan, and Catherine Caroline Adelaide Bailli de Messein, of Quebec. Thomas, the subject of our sketch, is the eldest son of this union. He was educated in classics at the Quebec Seminary, in Quebec, where he graduated with high honors in 1872, having stood at the head of his class for five years. In mathematics, sciences, moral philosophy, at Laval University, Quebec, and law, also at Laval, where he graduated a master-in-law (licencié en droit), summa cum laude in June, 1877, carrying off the Dufferin medal for that year. He was called to the bar in August, 1877, and settled in Quebec, where he began the practice of law in partnership with Col. Guillaume Amyot, M.P., whom he left in 1881 to join the extensive law firm of Langlois, Larue, Angers & Casgrain. Mr. Langlois having died, and Mr. Larue having been appointed a judge of the Superior Court, Mr. Casgrain, in 1887, on his appointment as a Queen’s counsel, became the senior partner of the firm of Casgrain, Angers & Hamel, which has one of the most extensive practices in the district of Quebec. He was appointed a member of the Law Faculty of Laval University in October, 1878, and its secretary in November of the same year. He was also appointed professor of Criminal Law in the same institution, and granted the degree of Doctor of Civil Law in October, 1883. He represented the Crown in Quebec with the late Judge Alleyn, at two terms of the Court of Queen’s Bench, criminal side, in 1882, and was deprived of the office by Attorney-General Loranger, because his views did not agree with those of the government on the sale of the North Shore Railway to Mr. Sénécal. He was junior counsel for the Crown at the trial of Louis Riel and other rebel leaders, at Regina, in July and August, 1885. Mr. Casgrain was chairman in 1879 and 1880 of the Cartier Club, a political organization; and is now one of the directors of the Conservative Club of Quebec. He was elected a member of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec in October, 1886, by 196 of a majority, after a severe contest in which the Riel cry was worked to its utmost. His opponent was the Hon. Pierre Garneau, the leader of the Parti National. He is a strong Conservative. He was offered the position of stipendiary magistrate for Alberta, when it became necessary to appoint a French magistrate, but he declined the honor. Mr. Casgrain is a nephew of the Abbé H. R. Casgrain, a celebrated French Canadian writer, and of P. B. Casgrain, Q.C., member of the House of Commons for l’Islet. He married, in Quebec, on the 15th May, 1878, Marie Louise, eldest daughter of the late Alex. LeMoine.

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=McDonald, Alexander Roderick=, River du Loup (en bas), province of Quebec, Superintendent of the Quebec and St. Flavie District of the Intercolonial Railway, and President of the Temiscouata Railway Company, River du Loup (en bas), Quebec, was born on the 9th of August, 1846, at Montreal. His parents were James Ronald McDonald, and Adèle Quevillon. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, and went through the classical course. Mr. McDonald entered the railway service, April, 1864, as station master on the Grand Trunk Railway, from which position he retired in October, 1871, to enter mercantile business in Kamouraska, Quebec province; but in January, 1880, he again entered the railway service as assistant superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway. In October, 1881, he was promoted to be the district superintendent of the same road, which position he now holds. In January, 1885, he formed a company for the construction of a line from River du Loup, Quebec, to Edmundston, in New Brunswick, under the name of the Temiscouata Railway Company, of which he was elected president, and which office he has held since. This line is now in an advanced state of construction, and will be completed in the fall of 1887. In politics, Mr. McDonald is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion, a member of the Roman Catholic church. He has been twice married. First on September 14th, 1866, to A. Blondeau, of St. Paschal, who died 10th of February, 1873; and secondly, on May 16th, 1881, to Marie Langevin, of Quebec, sister of Sir Hector L. Langevin, minister of Public Works of Canada, and of his Lordship the bishop of Rimouski.

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=Clark, Rev. W. B.=, Quebec.—This worthy divine was born at Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on January 27th, 1805. His father was William Clark, a respectable country merchant, who died when his son was only two years old. Thus in the providence of God the charge of a family of six devolved on his widow, Janet Brown, who did her best to bring them up in the fear of the Lord, to provide for their wants, and give them a good education. William was educated chiefly at the parish school of Biggar, where he obtained a knowledge of the elements of Greek, with a pretty accurate and extensive knowledge of Latin. But when he was ready to go to college, in consequence of family reverses he could not be sent. He remained some time at home therefore, and got a still more extensive acquaintance with the Latin classics. But he was anxious to do something for his own support, and betook himself to teaching. By the assistance of James Hogg, the “Ettrick Shepherd,” he was enabled to open a small school in the parish of Yarrow. Mr. Hogg kindly provided a school-room, with an apartment and free board for the teacher in the farm house of Mont Benger. This farm was rented by the poet, and was situated about a mile from the cottage of Altrive Luke, where he resided, and the house was occupied only by a servant, who looked after the cattle, etc. At that time Mr. Hogg had no children of his own old enough to be instructed, but he interested himself in this school partly for the accommodation of the neighbors, and partly, perhaps, from kindness to the young teacher, who had been introduced to him the year before by Henry Scott Riddell, who afterwards married his sister—the Eliza of one of his popular songs. During his leisure hours, Mr. Clark wrote a tale, which he showed to the shepherd, who made a large addition to it, and published it in Constable’s Magazine, and generously gave the money paid for it to the young teacher. At the close of April, when some of the young people had to resume field work, the school at Mont Benger had to be broken up; but Mr. Clark found employment at Manor, in Peeblesshire, where two farmers, for their own children’s sake, organised a school, in the house of one of whom—Mr. Murray, of Cademuir—the teacher was kindly and freely boarded. In the beginning of November, 1822, Mr. Clark entered the University of Edinburgh, having saved money enough to pay all personal and college expenses during the session. On going to Edinburgh, Mr. Hogg furnished him with a letter of introduction to Professor Pillans, who treated him very kindly and presented him with a free ticket to his class. In this class he gained two prizes, one on the direct and indirect forms of speech, and another for superiority in private studies. At the close of the session he returned to his old employment at Manor, where he remained till the following November, when he went home to Biggar, where he taught a short time, and then accepted a school at Roberton, in Lanarkshire. About this time his mother died, and shortly afterwards, his own health failing, he returned to Biggar, and spent the summer and fall in teaching a son of Mr. Gillespie, Biggar Park. At the opening of the college session of 1824, he had not saved money enough to support himself and pay the necessary college expenses; but an old lady, a friend of the family, lent what was necessary to make up the deficiency. During this session, he seems to have devoted his energies chiefly to Latin, and gained a prize for an essay on the eighth satire of Juvenal. At the close of this session he received an appointment as tutor in a large boarding school at Eddleston, in Peeblesshire, where he remained for eighteen months. It was here that a favorable change took place in his spiritual condition. He had for a long time had doubts and difficulties on the subject of religion; but at this time, after a careful study of “Chalmers’ Evidences of Christianity,” his doubts were removed, his difficulties solved, and he became a believer in revealed truth, so far as the exercise of the intellectual faculties could make him so. From this time he had a deep conviction that the reading of the heathen classics had deeply injured his moral and spiritual condition. The contempt which an intelligent mind cannot but feel for the heathen mythology, seems to have confirmed his doubts in regard to religion altogether. And it is indeed surprising that Christian people should encourage the study of the heathen classics to the neglect of the ancient Christian classics. In this way we believe that unspeakable mischief is done. And there is no excuse for it; for some of the ancient Christian classics wrote sufficiently pure Greek and Latin. We have often been surprised that the dialogue entitled Octavius, of Minutius Felix, and the letters of Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, should not have been generally introduced into our schools and colleges. Their latinity is beautiful, and their religious and moral teaching such as cannot fail to exercise a beneficial influence on all who read them with attention. The same thing may be said in regard to the writings of Justin Martyr, whose Greek, if not so pure as that of Xenophon or Plato, is sufficiently good for all practical purposes. His first Apology, addressed to the emperor Antoninus Pius, is especially valuable, and ought to be read by all students of divinity. On leaving Eddleston, at the end of October, 1826, he had saved money enough to pay the little debt which he had contracted the year before, and to meet all his expenses during the ensuing session at college. But before returning to Edinburgh, a friend had procured for him abundance of private teaching, so that he had now money enough and to spare. From this time he had private teaching enough, so that he no more required to lose a session at college. But what was of more importance, his faith in the glorious truths of the gospel was now confirmed, and he was growing slowly in grace and Christian experience. In 1828, Mr. Clark entered the Divinity Hall the same year in which Dr. Chalmers came to the University of Edinburgh as professor of divinity. It is needless to say that he profited greatly by the teaching of that devout and extraordinary man, who not only communicated instruction in the most effective and memorable manner, but infused somewhat of the fire of his own soul into the minds of his students. Mr. Clark not only made great progress in the systematic knowledge of divine truth, but imbibed something of the spirit of his master. One of the exercises prescribed to Mr. Clark was an exegesis on the subject, “An Christus sit colendus summo cultu deo patri debito?” that is, “Ought Christ to be worshipped with the supreme worship due to God the Father?” This led him to an investigation, on biblical principles, of the grand fundamental truths of the gospel, which resulted in a firm conviction in his mind of the truth of the grand evangelical principles embodied in the Westminster Confession of Faith. The preparation of this discourse produced a most salutary effect on his mental character; but it did more, it deepened his religious convictions, and called forth in his soul more lively emotions of gratitude and love to the God of salvation. Soon after this, Dr. Chalmers recommended Mr. Clark for one of the government bursaries, and it was conferred upon him. The bursary was one of ten pounds a year; but it had been vacant for a year, so that he got twenty pounds sterling the first year and ten pounds a year for the two succeeding years. With his revenue from private teaching, this placed him in very comfortable circumstances. And as he succeeded about this time to a small property left him by his father, he had now more than sufficient for all his wants. In the summer of 1832, Mr. Clark was licensed to preach the gospel by the presbytery of Biggar, but as there was at that time a superabundance of preachers in connection with the Established Church, no opening appeared for him in that line, so he continued his labors as a private teacher. His work now consisted almost exclusively in assisting in their studies young gentlemen attending the Edinburgh Academy. About this time a society was formed by the preachers of the Establishment in Edinburgh for voluntary missionary labors among the poor in the most destitute parts of the city. Mr. Clark was chosen by the venerable Dr. Inglis to labor in his parish of Old Greyfriars, and the scene of his operations was the Cowgate, with the closes extending from it to the Lawn market and High street. Dr. Inglis soon after this died, and was succeeded by the Rev. John Sym, a young man of fine talents, very popular as a preacher, and of genuine Christian character. Mr. Clark was soon after his appointment introduced to Mr. Sym, when he engaged him at a respectable salary as his assistant, to labor among the poor of the parish. As Old Greyfriars was a collegiate charge, his services were not required in the parish church; but he preached regularly in an old church in the Cowgate, whose spire is still visible from the South Bridge. At that time it had passed out of the hands of the church, and was the property of the Society of Hammermen, who kindly gave the use of it for missionary meetings. It was in this church that the first General Assembly of the Church of Scotland was held, and it has now happily passed into the possession of the Free Church. The scenes of poverty and wretchedness and vice which Mr. Clark had to encounter in his visits among this people were often heartrending. On one occasion, when urging a poor woman to attend the church, he was met by the reply, “Oh, sir, our thoughts are mainly taken up about how we are to get the next meal of meat.” It was not uncommon to find houses in which there was no bed, and only some litters of straw, or even shavings, as a substitute. This was afterwards the scene of Dr. Guthrie’s labors when he became colleague to Mr. Sym, in the parish of Old Greyfriars, and no doubt furnished the materials for his book on the sins and sorrows and sufferings of the great cities of the old world. When Mr. Clark’s health was beginning to fail, he was relieved from the severe and often painful work which he had to perform in the Cowgate and its closes. In 1835 he was recommended by Dr. Chalmers to Lady Maxwell, of Springkell, who had requested him to send a young man to take charge of the parish of Half-Morton. This parish was then in a peculiar condition. It was still a distinct parish quo ad civilia, but was united, quo ad sacra to the parish of Langholm, of which the minister was a Pluralist, having to preach three Sabbaths in the month at Langholm and one at Half-Morton. A suit was afterwards instituted in the Court of Tiends for the separation of the two parishes, which was successful; and in 1839 Mr. Clark was presented by the Crown to the resuscitated parish of Half-Morton. Meanwhile he had been married to a distant relation of his own, Jane Brown, a daughter of James Brown, of Edmonston, but as there was no suitable residence for them in the parish, they had to reside at Longtown, a village of Cumberland, on the English side of the border, till a manse was built at Half-Morton. Here they spent four years in comfort and happiness, till the disruption took place, when they had to leave their pleasant home. They found a temporary residence at Annan, a town ten miles from the church of Half-Morton. This distance from the scene of his labors occasioned great additional labor and hardship to Mr. Clark, more especially as he had often to preach in the adjoining parishes of Canonbie and Langholm, where a strong feeling in behalf of Free Church principles had been excited. During the summer of 1843, the preaching in country places had to be done chiefly in the open air; but at Canonbie a marqué, capable of sheltering several hundred people, was erected in a pasture field near the road-side. Mr. Clark had officiated only two Sabbaths in this place when he was interdicted by the Duke of Buccleugh, who was the sole proprietor of the parish. The duke’s interdict was obeyed, but preaching was immediately begun on the road-side, where increasing numbers attended. A preacher was immediately procured for Canonbie, and when Mr. Clark appeared after a few Sabbaths’ absence, he chose for his text, Philippians i., 12: “I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the gospel.” The opposition of the duke only intensified the determination of the people. It is only justice, however, to his grace to add, that some time afterwards he granted a site for a church and manse with a piece of land on easy terms. Towards the close of 1843, Mr. Clark was called to Maxwelltown, a suburb of Dumfries, but the presbytery refused to release him from Half-Morton. In the spring of 1844, however, difficulties having arisen in the congregation of Maxwelltown, the call to him was renewed. This time the presbytery withdrew their opposition to his removal, and he was transferred to Maxwelltown in the spring of 1844. With a good manse and large and beautiful garden which he had planted with the choicest fruit trees, and in the midst of a satisfied and increasing congregation, here Mr. Clark lived with his family in great happiness and comfort till the spring of 1853, when, under the impression that he was called of God, he removed to Canada. This was a great trial to him, more especially as his wife, who was in delicate health, was unwilling to go. She was too good a woman, however, to resist what her husband believed to be a call from God, and, trusting in the Lord, consented to go. In February, 1853, Mr. Clark sailed for New York alone, thinking it better to leave his family to come out the following summer. On reaching New York, he proceeded immediately to Quebec, which he reached on the 1st of March, and immediately entered upon his labors there. He was treated with great kindness by the late James Gibb, of Woodfield, who very handsomely kept him in his house till the arrival of his family in September. Mrs. Clark was very feeble when she arrived at Quebec; the sea voyage appeared to have weakened her, and she did not improve much by the change of air and rest which she now enjoyed. And when the cold weather set in, she began gradually to sink. But she had perfect faith in Jesus, no complaint escaped her lips, and in February, 1854, she died in the full assurance of a blessed resurrection. Instead of enlarging on her beautiful character now, it will answer the purpose better to insert a poem which Mr. Clark wrote on the occasion of her death:—

With a sorrowful heart, She prepared to depart From dear old Scotland’s shore; For well she knew, That its mountains blue, Her eyes should behold no more.

But when duty called, No danger appalled That heart so devoted and true. She had left, for the truth, The sweet manse of her youth, And now bade her country adieu.

In weakness and pain, O’er the dark, stormy main, She came to this old fortress town; Where, in slow decay, She wasted away, My faithful Jeanie Brown.

But severe though her pain, She did not complain; For it taught her, she told us, to see More clearly the woe, In the regions below, From which the redeemed are set free.

By St. Lawrence’s side, As he rolls, in his pride, To the great Atlantic down, By a walnut’s shade, The dear dust we laid Of my sweet Jeanie Brown.

And now she sleeps, Where the green wave sweeps Past the ocean’s river’s shore; But I’ll meet her again, In that blessed domain, Where the weary part no more.

Mr. Clark remained unmarried for sixteen years, when he was united in marriage to Amelia Torrance, widow of Thomas Gibb, of Quebec. She has been to him a wise counsellor, a true and affectionate wife, and while she was able, a help meet for him in his great work. After some time, however, she was seized with rheumatism, which at first gave little inconvenience; but it gradually increased in severity, till at last, in the winter of 1872, it completely prostrated her. Towards the summer of 1873 she recovered a little, and it was thought advisable to try the effect of a sea voyage upon her. Mr. Clark, also feeling his strength giving way, after having labored in Quebec for upwards of twenty years, thought himself justified in resigning that important and laborious charge. Accordingly they sailed for the old country in the autumn of 1873; and Mrs. Clark felt more benefit from the sea voyage than from all the medical treatment which she had received. After visiting Mr. Clark’s sister, the widow of Henry Scott Riddell, at Tiviot Head, they spent the winter partly at a hydropathic establishment, near Melrose; partly in Edinburgh, and partly in Dumfries. They then started for the south, spending a short time in London, a week in Paris, and then started for Aix-les-Bains, in Savoy, famous for its hot sulphur springs. After spending some time there they returned to Scotland, through Switzerland and France, arriving in Edinburgh near the end of May, a little before the closing of the Free Church General Assembly. They spent the remainder of the summer very pleasantly among their friends in the rural parts of the counties of Roxburgh, Peebles, and Dumfries, and in the neighborhood of Glasgow, from which port they sailed, and reached Quebec in safety in September, 1874. Mr. Clark was now too old to think of looking after another ministerial charge, but preached occasionally at Quebec and elsewhere as circumstances required till 1880, when he was called to be professor of Church History in Morin College, Quebec, which situation he still holds. While in Half-Morton he prepared a book for family worship, which was published by T. Nelson & Sons, Edinburgh, and obtained a large circulation. While in Maxwelltown, after the death of his only son, he wrote a little volume entitled, “Asleep in Jesus,” which was also published by the Nelsons, and extensively circulated. This little book was afterwards published in Philadelphia without the author’s knowledge. Mr. Clark produced another little work, entitled “The Promise of the Spirit,” which was published by Robert Kennedy, at Prescott. This book did not attract much attention, and was never republished.

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=Thompson, Hon. John Sparrow David=, Q.C., Minister of Justice and Attorney-General of the Dominion of Canada, Ottawa, was born at Halifax, on the 10th of November, 1844. He is a son of John Sparrow Thompson, a native of Waterford, Ireland, who, after coming to this country, was for a time Queen’s printer, and afterwards superintendent of the money order system of Nova Scotia. Hon. Mr. Thompson chose law as a profession, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia, in July, 1865, and appointed a Queen’s counsel in May, 1879. He was for six years alderman of the city of Halifax, and for five years a member of the Board of School Commissioners, being for some time chairman of the board. He was also a member of the Senate of the University of Halifax. He was for the last two years of his residence in Halifax honorary lecturer in the Halifax Law School, on evidence and the construction of statutes. He entered the political arena in 1877, and was elected for Antigonish county a member of the Nova Scotia legislature, by a majority of 517. He was returned by the same constituency at the general election of 1878, and was appointed attorney-general in 1878, and was again elected by acclamation. In 1882, on the retirement of the Hon. Mr. Holmes, he was chosen premier and attorney-general; and at the election that followed that year, he was returned by a majority of over five hundred. In July, 1882, he resigned office, and was appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. This office he held until the 25th of September, 1885, when he resigned, and was chosen by Sir John A. Macdonald to fill the important offices of minister of justice and attorney-general for the Dominion of Canada. He sat in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia from December, 1877, until his elevation to the bench in 1882; and was first elected to the House of Commons, at Ottawa, in October, 1885, and re-elected at the general election of 1887, for Antigonish. Hon. Mr. Thompson in politics is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church. In 1870, he was married to Annie E. Affleck, daughter of Captain Affleck, of Halifax, and has a family of five children.

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=MacLean, Alexander=, Parliamentary Printer, Ottawa, was born on the 9th December, 1834, in the township of Dumfries, county of Brant, Ontario. His parents were John MacLean and Isabella McRae, both natives of Inverness, Scotland, from which country they emigrated, and settled in Canada. Alexander received his education in the public and grammar schools, and remained at home, his father being a farmer, taking a share of the farm work, until he was twenty years of age. He subsequently taught school for a while, and also served for some years as a mercantile clerk. He abandoned these pursuits for the newspaper press, to which he had become a casual contributor, and became the publisher, in 1865, of the Cornwall Freeholder, then the home organ of the late Hon. Sandfield Macdonald, and continued its publisher until shortly after that gentleman’s death, in 1872. He then joined the staff of the Toronto Globe, as its Ottawa correspondent, and this position he held for several years, until he became (with Mr. Roger) one of the contractors for the printing of the Senate and House of Commons, and of the government at Ottawa, and such he has been for the last fourteen years. Mr. MacLean is a justice of the peace for the united counties of Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry; a director of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company; of the Canadian Granite Company, both of Ottawa; and of the Cornwall Gas Company. He is also interested in several other public enterprises. He early joined the Masonic order, and is now a past worshipful master. He is a Liberal in politics, and in religion, belongs to the Presbyterian denomination. On November 20th, 1863, he was married to Sarah, daughter of John Smith, St. George, county of Brant.

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=Perrigo, James=, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.S., (Eng.), Montreal, was born in the city of Montreal in 1846. His parents were John Perrigo and Eleanor Reeves. The doctor’s family have always been Conservative in politics, and we find that in the war of 1812 his grandfather served against the Americans; and it was in consequence of his patriotic services on this occasion that he escaped being expelled from the country during the troublesome times of 1837, he having commanded the rebels in the skirmish that took place near Beauharnois in that year. He received his education at McGill University, and afterwards went to England, where he further prosecuted his medical studies, and while there he was elected honorary secretary of the Obstetrical Society of London. Returning to Montreal in 1872, he began the practice of his profession, and now occupies a front rank as a medical practitioner in that city. He is a professor of surgery in Bishop’s College Medical School. In religion Dr. Perrigo is an adherent of the Episcopal form of worship; and in politics is a Liberal-Conservative. In 1885 he was married to Marion G., daughter of the late H. Chandler, who, during his lifetime, was a merchant in Montreal.

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=Medley, Rev. Charles Steinkopff=, B.A., Rector of Sussex, New Brunswick, is of English birth, having been born in Truro, Cornwall, on the 16th September, 1835. He is a son of the Right Rev. John Medley, D.D., bishop of Fredericton, and Christiana Bacon, a granddaughter of the great English sculptor of that name. The Rev. Mr. Medley received his early education in the classics and mathematics at Marlborough College, Wiltshire, England, and came out to New Brunswick in 1855, his father having preceded him. Shortly after his arrival he entered King’s College, Fredericton, where he took the arts course. He studied theology under his father. In June, 1859, he was ordained deacon by his father, and the following year priest. He was first sent to the mission of Douglas, York county, New Brunswick, where he labored fifteen months, serving meanwhile as a school trustee, and doing good religious and literary work. At the end of this period Rev. Mr. Medley returned to Fredericton to assist his father in the Cathedral. After a short residence in Fredericton he removed to St. John’s, Newfoundland, where he was incumbent of St. Mary’s Church for three years, and then returned to New Brunswick in 1867, to become rector of Sussex. Since his settlement here he has done good work for the Master. A neat and tasty church edifice has been erected, with black ash and pine sheathing, one of the finest houses of worship of its kind in the province. The old church whose place it took was one of the earliest built in this part of New Brunswick, Sussex having been settled by U. E. loyalists. It is situated about half a mile from the village, and, like the residence of the rector a few rods from it, has beautiful rural surroundings, and is a most inviting place for man to worship God. Rev. Mr. Medley was appointed canon to the cathedral at Fredericton in 1869; and rural dean in July, 1880. He is an excellent scholar, a polished writer, a sound theologian, and has a pleasant delivery in the pulpit. Canon Medley was married on the 21st April, 1864, to Charlotte, daughter of Robert Bird, of Birdtown, York county, New Brunswick.

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=Macdonald, Charles De Wolf=, B.A., Barrister, Pictou, Nova Scotia, was born on the 23rd October, 1854, at Pictou, N.S. His father was the late Alexander Cameron Macdonald, Q.C., barrister, who, during his lifetime, represented the county of Pictou in the Nova Scotia legislature for eight years, and occupied the position of speaker in the House of Assembly, previous to the confederation of the provinces. His mother, who still survives, Sarah Amelia De Wolf, is a descendant of a well-known loyalist family, of German noble origin. Charles received his primary education at Pictou Academy; matriculated in 1869 at Dalhousie College, Halifax, when fifteen years of age, taking the first provincial scholarship, and, making the highest aggregate each year; graduated in 1873. He took first prizes throughout his course for Latin, Greek, French and German. Since leaving college he has made a special study of modern languages, and is now widely known as a linguist. He adopted law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1875, when only twenty-one years of age. For the past twelve years he has practised in Pictou, and is now one of the leading barristers in the county. Mr. Macdonald has always taken a deep interest in military affairs, and is a lieutenant in the 78th Highlanders, Colchester, Hants and Pictou volunteers. He is a Liberal in politics, and is an active politician. From 1882 to 1885, in addition to his usual law practice, he edited the Pictou News, which was the first paper to advocate the repeal of the federal compact, and ranks among the best conducted weeklies in the Maritime provinces. He is a member of the Presbyterian church.

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=Bethune, John Lemuel=, M.D.C.M., M.P.P. for the county of Victoria, Baddeck, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, was born at Loch Lomond, Richmond county, N.S., in 1850. His parents were Roderick Bethune, postmaster, and Mary Bethune, who came from the Highlands of Scotland to Cape Breton about fifty years ago. The Rev. Thomas McLauchlin, F.S.A.S., in his “Celtic Gleanings,” says that the descendants of the Beatons, or Bethunes, or as they styled themselves, McVeaghs (McBeths), in a family tree contained in an old manuscript of theirs still in existence, trace themselves up to Nial of the Nine Hostages, King of Ireland. One Ferchar Bethune came into prominence by being the means of curing King Robert II. of Scotland of a painful and dangerous disease, and there is among the Scottish registers of charters a copy of a charter from that king conveying to Bethune, as an expression of his gratitude, possession of all the islands on the west coast of Scotland from the Point Store in Assynt to that of Armidale in Farr. How long Ferchar’s descendants were physicians is not known, but they can be traced back as such by means of existing documents for three hundred and fifty years from the middle of last century. However, the great progenitor of the race would seem to be a certain Fergus the Fair, probably the Fergus Bethune who lived in the year 1408, and was then physician to McDonald of the Isles of Islay. There are several MSS. belonging to this family in existence. One is a small quarto in vellum, now in possession of David Laing, of the Edinburgh Signet Library. It was written by John Beaton, who flourished in 1530. It is full of comments on the writings of Constantius and other medical continental writers of that period. It also contains a long treatise on astrology, and another on the phenomena of color as an indication of health or disease. This and other writings of theirs indicate an amount of cultivation in the Gaelic to qualify it for being the language of science from which it has sadly declined. Dr. Bethune, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Normal School in Truro, and in Dalhousie University, where he took the degree of M.D.C.M. in 1875, and then began the practice of his profession. In 1881 he was appointed paymaster, with the honorary rank of captain, in the 94th battalion Argyll Highlanders, and the same year was made census commissioner. He is a justice of the peace, coroner, commissioner of schools, and is a commissioner for taking affidavits, etc., in the Supreme and County courts of Victoria county. He takes an interest in all movements for the good of his fellow men. He is a past master of St. Mark’s lodge of the Masonic brotherhood; and is also a member of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of Nova Scotia. He occupied a seat in the municipal council from 1879 till 1886, when he resigned; and for three years from June, 1880, he was warden of the county. The doctor was for three years secretary of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Victoria county; and at the general election held in 1886 he was selected to represent his adopted county, as an Independent, in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. His religious views are in accordance with the teachings of the Presbyterian Church of Canada. He was married January 20th, 1885, to Mary C., only daughter of the late Robert A. Jones, registrar of deeds for Victoria county, who was a descendant of a Jones, a loyalist, who came to Cape Breton at the time of the American rebellion, and to whom was granted large tracts of land at Big Baddeck, Washabuck and other places in Cape Breton.

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=Hatt, Samuel Staunton=, Quebec, Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, Legislative Council, province of Quebec, was born at Chambly, Quebec province, on the 18th February, 1844. He is the eldest son of the late Augustus Hatt, and of Charlotte Emelie de Salaberry, of Chambly. He is also a grandson of Colonel de Salaberry, the hero of Chateauguay, and of the Hon. Samuel Hatt, of Chambly. Mr. Hatt received his education at the High School of St. Johns, and at St. Hyacinthe College. He received his civil service certificate when only about sixteen years of age, and in 1861 entered the Militia department. He served on the frontier at St. Albans during the time of the Fenian raids, with the rank of captain and adjutant; and also commanded a detachment, at Huntingdon, of the 3rd Administration battalion, under command of Lieut.-Colonel Taylor. While Captain Hatt was stationed at Laprairie, he and the men under him rendered great service in subduing a fire which endangered the whole town, and were afterwards publicly thanked by the municipal council for the important service rendered on the occasion. Mr. Hatt was appointed under Royal commission Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod for the Province of Quebec, on the 23rd December, 1867, and still holds this office. He was married in 1883, to Mrs. N. F. Hoole, of Philadelphia, United States.

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=McMaster, Hon. William.=—Senator McMaster, who died in Toronto, on the morning of Friday, 23rd September, 1887, was a good representative of that class on whom we bestow the title of merchant princes. He was born in 1811, in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, and his father was the late William McMaster, a linen merchant, who did business for many years in the county where the subject of our sketch was born. His son’s early education was a very careful one, he having attended a private school, the best in the parish, presided over by Mr. Halcro, one of the most eminent teachers in the north of Ireland. In 1833, Mr. McMaster left Ireland, and on the 9th of August of the same year he came to Toronto. Since then the town of seven thousand people, with only two brick houses in it, has become the flourishing metropolis, with a population of over one hundred thousand, and the social and commercial centre of the leading province of a great dominion. In that time the young immigrant, with his capital of only brains, energy, and good habits, had become one of Canada’s most noted citizens, an object of emulation to all young men, and of gratitude to the many who have been benefited by his practical kindness. Landing in New York at the age of twenty-two, he was advised to proceed to Canada to enter into business with a son of the British consul, who had established himself in a trading business west of Toronto. Proceeding by the old-time flying express route along the canal, the young fortune-seeker found himself in Oswego, whence a trip across the lake in a steamer brought him to Toronto. Life in Canada West at that time was not altogether attractive to a young man conscious of his ability to fill a large sphere, and it did not take young McMaster long to decide that in Toronto, if anywhere in the province, he must look for success. He entered the service of Mr. Cathcart, who at that time kept a dry-goods establishment on King street, opposite the old Court-house, now York Chambers. Before two years had passed his assistant had grown so valuable to him, that Mr. Cathcart could not afford to run any risk of losing him, so offered him a partnership. This was accepted, and for ten years the firm went on prospering well. At the end of that time the senior partner retired, leaving the whole business in Mr. McMaster’s hands. The concern up to this time had been doing a wholesale and retail business, but shortly after assuming control, Mr. McMaster resolved to confine his attention solely to wholesale. New premises were opened on Yonge street, below King, and here the success which had attended the young merchant continued and increased. Subsequently a handsome building was erected, adjoining the Montreal Bank, on Yonge street. But other business connections which he had formed demanded his whole attention, and in 1865 he sold out his interest to his two nephews, who had been associated with him. These continued the business until the death of A. R. McMaster and the retirement of W. F. McMaster, when the firm was re-organised with the accession to its ranks of H. W. Darling, under the title of McMaster, Darling & Co. This was about eighteen months ago. The present firm occupy handsome warerooms on Front street near Yonge. The causes which contributed to the great success which Mr. McMaster met with in this business are those which characterize the career of almost every successful business man. Even during those times when there was the greatest temptation to “display” and to bid for a large business, Mr. McMaster steadily refused to allow his business to grow beyond the basis of his own capital. His caution in this respect enabled him to tide over the hard times of 1857 and other bad years, and even during the depth of the hard times to do a profitable trade. Rivals overtaken by the financial storm, with all canvas spread, were wrecked. Yet while pursuing this cautious policy he showed, by the way in which he enlarged his establishment, that there was nothing niggardly about his management. Whenever he deemed the circumstances favorable for the use of his capital he used it freely, and thus added yearly to the magnitude of his returns. He left commercial life in order that he might make the greater success of the financial operations in which he had become interested. He had been for some time director of the Montreal Bank and of the Ontario Bank, and now he purposed throwing himself, with all his customary energy, into the organization of a new concern. The charter was procured and the company organized on a sound basis, and Mr. McMaster was chosen the first president of the new Bank of Commerce, which was the title chosen. That was about twenty years ago, and the position of honor and trust which he then achieved he retained until about a year ago, when advancing years compelled him to relinquish the presidency and simply to give to the bank as a director the benefit of his immense business experience. He was succeeded in the presidency by Henry W. Darling above mentioned. During all the time of Mr. McMaster’s Canadian life, Toronto has been making, year by year, a strange history-record. Four years after Mr. McMaster’s arrival came the rebellion under William Lyon Mackenzie, which, with the tremendous agitation leading up to and following it, naturally interfered very much with the operations of peace-loving merchants. Immense political changes took place, changing the province from a mere crown colony, with practically no such thing as political freedom, to a self-governing country with representative institutions, and manhood suffrage in the near distance. The city itself had to expand north, east, west, and even south, for the Esplanade works redeemed in all a great tract of land from the bay, and made sites for some of the largest buildings in the city to-day. Railway communication, then unknown, had to be made to all parts of the province, and the city had to bear its share of the expense of the facilities thus afforded. Though never afraid to express his opinions in favor of a liberal policy, Mr. McMaster kept out of active political life long after his friends would have had him a representative of the people, had he agreed to put himself up for election. At length, however, the crisis came which brought him out. North York and South Simcoe were at that time united for the purpose of elections to the Legislative Council of the province. There was a vacancy in the constituency, and John D. Gamble became the Conservative candidate. He was a strong man, and although it was known that York would give a majority against him, it was fully believed that unless he was opposed by the very strongest man who could be put up against him, Tory South Simcoe would far more than neutralise this vote. In their dilemma the Liberals applied to Mr. McMaster to act as their standard-bearer. At first he strenuously opposed the idea, but seeing that it was to the interest of what he believed to be true that he should accede to their wishes, he finally did so. Though he prosecuted his canvass with his characteristic energy, the Liberal candidate set an example of moderation and forbearance in conducting the campaign utterly unknown in those days, and (more’s the pity) very little practised since. Though not pretending to any talent of oratory, Mr. McMaster conducted himself while on the platform with such transparent honesty that even the Tory stronghold was captured, and beside a majority of 1,100 in York, he came out with a majority of about 300 in Simcoe, giving him such a sweeping victory that even his friends were astonished and his opponents confounded. The elections for the Council then took place once every eight years, and Mr. McMaster would doubtless have stood for re-election, but that in the meantime confederation took place, and under the new order of things he was called upon to take his seat in the Senate. During the whole of his political life he gave close attention to the duties devolving upon him. He never sought to move the house by eloquence, but in committee, where measures are really elaborated, and where most of the work, except the talking, is done, he was found keenly alive to all that passed, and ever exerting an influence in favor of liberal and progressive measures. But however great his commercial success, Mr. McMaster’s name will be best remembered on account of the many generous acts which have been associated with it. For many years he has been the pillar and mainstay of the Baptist denomination in Toronto. His own congregation—that now worshipping in the beautiful building on the corner of Jarvis and Gerrard streets—owes much to his vigorous initiative and substantial pecuniary aid. Mr. McMaster and his present wife, contributed $50,000 toward the fund for building the church, and in addition to this, Mrs. McMaster paid for the organ, one of the finest instruments in the country; and about four years ago the worthy Senator surprised his co-trustees, at a meeting called for the purpose of considering the best means of providing for the church debt, by pulling out of his pocket a deed, showing that a few hours before the meeting he had discharged all the debt. The Baptist book-room and The Canadian Baptist were purchased mainly with his money, and put in such a form that the enterprises now practically belong to the denomination. To his munificence is due the successful condition of the Superannuated Ministers’ Society of the Baptist Church. Upper Canada Bible Society, a non-sectarian institution, owes much to him. To add to all these instances there could be brought forward a long list of public and private benefactions, but the whole of them are overshadowed by the magnificent gift which he has presented to his fellow-Christians in the Baptist College, now one of the chief ornaments of Toronto. During the last years of his life Mr. McMaster devoted much attention to the development of his plans for the advancement of education. When he founded Toronto Baptist College, at a cost of $100,000 paid to the Toronto University authorities for the ground, and $90,000 for furnishing the building, he only thought of putting up a structure at his own expense, and endowing the presidency, looking to the denomination to provide the means, through annual collections, for the support of two other chairs. But with the development of the college and its increasing prosperity from year to year, he saw the necessity of adding two more professors to the staff, and subsequently two additional professors, making a staff of six besides the president. Seeing that the denomination was sufficiently burdened with its large home and foreign work, he relieved it of all responsibility for the support of the entire staff, whose aggregate salaries amount to $14,500 annually; and by his will it is provided that McMaster University will ultimately receive, subject to the payment to the Home Missionary Society of $2,000, about $800,000, in addition to what the testator gave for the same object during his lifetime. At the beginning of the discussion of the university confederation question, on the recommendation of some of the educational leaders in the Baptist denomination, Mr. McMaster proposed to found an arts college in Toronto, in affiliation with Toronto University, on condition that the denomination would raise the amount of $88,000 for the more thorough endowment and equipment of Woodstock college, which was to continue as a preparatory school. Of this sum he himself proposed to contribute $32,000. After considerable effort had been made to secure the sum proposed, it was found that the denomination was not in hearty sympathy with the scheme, for very little of the necessary amount was ever subscribed. However, in the spring of 1886, at a time when, to all appearances, the confederation scheme had failed through the refusal of several of the more prominent colleges of Ontario to enter confederation, it was proposed to Mr. McMaster that he should transfer to Woodstock college the amount which he had intended for the establishment of an arts college in Toronto. After mature consideration he cheerfully acceded to the proposal, believing that the preservation and enlargement of Woodstock college, with its traditions and associations, were of more importance to the welfare of his people than the establishment of the arts college in Toronto. Within a few weeks of the announcement of Mr. McMaster’s donation, nearly $50,000 was secured by the Rev. Drs. Rand and MacVicar for new buildings and equipment at Woodstock, from members of the denomination. It was then felt by the leaders of the denomination that Woodstock had the prospect of sufficient funds in the near future to warrant the development of its curriculum into a full university course. Accordingly a committee was appointed to obtain the charter, which was granted by the Ontario Legislature at its session in 1887, and in accordance with a universal feeling amongst the Baptists of the country, the name of McMaster University was given to the new institution. This charter embraces both Woodstock and Toronto Baptist colleges. The Hon. Mr. McMaster during his lifetime held several important financial and other offices. As well as being a director of the Bank of Commerce, he was a member of the University Senate, president of the Freehold Permanent Building and Savings Society, vice-president of the Confederation Life Association, director of the Toronto General Trusts Company; of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway Company, etc. His whole estate is valued at $1,200,000. He had been twice married—first, in 1851, to Miss Henderson, of Hew York, who died in 1868; secondly, in 1871, to his present wife, Susan Molton, widow of James Fraser, of Newburgh-on-the-Hudson, N.Y. He had no children.

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=Rutherford, John=, Justice of the Peace for the County of Grey, Owen Sound, Ontario, was born at Toronto, on the 9th February, 1839. His parents were Peter Rutherford and Martha Henderson, who died when he was a mere lad—the mother in 1844 and the father in 1846. The late James Lesslie, who then published the Toronto Examiner, adopted the orphan and educated him in the Toronto Academy. In this benevolent gentleman’s family he remained until 1851. During this year he was bound out as an apprentice to Christie & Corbet to learn the trade of iron moulder at Owen Sound, and at this trade he worked for six years. In 1857, business becoming very depressed throughout the country, especially that in iron, Mr. Rutherford was forced to look for some other means to earn a livelihood. Having fortunately learned during his boyhood, in the Examiner office, the art of setting type, he found temporary employment as a compositor on the old Comet newspaper; and some time afterwards got on the staff of The Times. A few years later on, he, in conjunction with David Creighton, now M.P.P. for North Grey, bought out this paper, which was conducted by them, under the firm name of Rutherford & Creighton, until 1868, when the partnership was dissolved and the plant divided, Mr. Creighton retaining The Times and Mr. Rutherford the job department. Since then his business has steadily grown, bookbinding has been added, and his office is now one of the institutions of the thriving town of Owen Sound. He was a member of the town council in 1875, ’76, ’77 and ’79; High School trustee in 1884, ’85, and ’86, and has been re-appointed to fill the office for another term. He was chosen by acclamation to fill the office of mayor for 1885 and 1886, and faithfully served the people during his term. In August, 1866, he joined the Masonic brotherhood, and is now a past master of St. George’s lodge. He is also second principal of Georgian Chapter, No. 56, R.A.M. He takes a deep interest in the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is one of its past district deputy masters of the Georgian district. Mr. Rutherford is an adherent of the Methodist church; and in politics is a Liberal-Conservative. He has been twice married, and has had a family of ten children, nine sons and one daughter; two of his sons have died.

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=Kerr, William=, M.A., Q.C., LL.D., Barrister, Cobourg, Ontario, was born in the township of Ameliasburg, in the county of Prince Edward. He is a son of the late Francis Kerr, formerly of Enniskillen, in the county of Fermanagh, Ireland, who for some years taught school in Prince Edward, and afterwards removed to the county of Hastings. After the death of his father and mother, which occurred when he was a child, Mr. Kerr removed with his half-sister and her husband to the township of Clarke, where he worked on their farm and went to school. He prepared for college under Dr. William Ormiston, now of the Collegiate Reformed (Dutch) Church, New York, who at that time was the Presbyterian minister at Newtonville, and kept a private academy. He entered Victoria College at Cobourg as a senior matriculant in 1852, and graduated in the arts department in 1855. The class consisted of four, all now living, viz., Dr. Carman, senior superintendent of the Methodist church; Dr. Moses Aikins, the well-known physician in the county of Peel; Dr. E. B. Ryckman, ex-president of the London Conference; and the subject of this sketch. He studied law in the office of Smith and Armour at Cobourg, and began the practice of his profession in the town of Cobourg, September, 1858. His brother, John W. Kerr, who was appointed county attorney and clerk of the peace in 1877, on the elevation of Mr. Armour to the bench, joined him in 1860. They have the largest practice in the united counties of Northumberland and Durham. He entered the town council in 1862, and served as a councillor for five years. In 1867 he was elected mayor, and was elected five times in succession by acclamation to the same office. On presenting himself for the sixth time he was opposed, but, after a hot contest, in which he was supported by the leaders of both political parties, he was re-elected by 175 majority. Although frequently urged to enter into political life, it was not until 1874, on Mr. Armour’s (now Mr. Justice Armour) refusing the Liberal nomination for the House of Commons, that he consented to do so, when he entered the field about three weeks before the election, and defeated the Hon. James Cockburn, the Speaker of the House of Commons, by 231 majority. He was unseated, however, on petition, but was re-elected over the Hon. Sidney Smith, ex-postmaster-general, by 155 majority. He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1878, 1882, and 1885, being defeated by narrow majorities, owing to the influence of the so-called national policy and the opportune building of government works in his constituency, in the years 1882 and 1885. In politics he is a strong Liberal, and a warm admirer of the Hon. Edward Blake. For many years past he has been one of the most active Liberals in the united counties of Northumberland and Durham, taking part in all election contests in West Northumberland, and lending a helping hand whenever occasion required in the neighboring ridings. He was president of the Liberal Association of West Northumberland from 1878 to 1882, and is vice-chancellor of Victoria University, to which position he has been twice elected by the almost unanimous vote of the graduates. He married Myra, third daughter of the late John Field, a well known and highly respected merchant of Cobourg, and sister of John C. Field, ex-M.P.P., and C. C. Field, M.P.P. Has seven children, four sons and three daughters.

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=David, Laurent Olivier=, Barrister, Montreal, M.P.P. for Montreal East, was born at Sault-au-Récollet, county of Hochelaga, near Montreal, on the 24th of March, 1840. His father was Major Stanislas David, of Sault-au-Récollet. Young David was educated at the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, in which institution he underwent a thorough course of classical studies. On his leaving college he entered the law office of Mousseau & Labelle, and was admitted to practice at the bar of the province of Quebec, in August, 1864. Like the majority of the French Canadian youths who leave college possessing high class and interesting lore, but totally unfit for the battle of life, Mr. David had to fight his way through the world without help. As he had a natural penchant for writing, and a facile pen, he soon made his way to the press and was an able and welcome contributor to the daily newspapers and periodicals of the time. In 1870, when George E. Desbarats, a son of the Queen’s printer, founded L’Opinion Publique, a twelve-page pictorial weekly, he was chosen as chief editor of the publication, and a better choice could hardly be made. The paper was published until 1884, when it collapsed, owing to various causes, after having reached a subscription list of over fifteen thousand. It may be said that the newspaper failed on account of having received too much encouragement, because in the province of Quebec as elsewhere, a great number seem to think that when they have subscribed for a newspaper, it does not matter much to the publisher and editor whether the subscription is paid or not. Among the collaborateurs to L’Opinion Publique may be more especially mentioned the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, the late Hon. Justice Mousseau, A. C. DeCelles, the present chief librarian of parliament, C. A. Dansereau, the brilliant and gifted editor of La Presse, and many others. In 1874, Mr. David, in conjunction with Mr. Beausoleil, founded Le Bien Public, a daily paper published in the interests of the Liberal party, taking the place of Le Pays, the organ of the advanced liberals of the province of Quebec, which had been founded on the ruins of L’Avenir, the first Liberal paper of note in Canada, published by Messrs. Dorion, and having on its staff at different periods, N. Aubin, L. A. Dessaulles, Joseph Doutre, and a score of other Liberal writers. Le Bien Public was in turn superseded by Le National, founded by the late Hon. M. Laframboise, who lost both his money and his health in the enterprise, and was finally rewarded by his party with an appointment to the bench a few years before his death. La Patrie was the next journalistic Liberal venture, in 1879, and, for a wonder, it proved a financial success under the energetic and able management of Honoré Beaugrand. Le Temps also came out as an exponent of liberal views in 1881, but the shareholders having fallen into the same error as their predecessors, placed a man totally unfit for the position at its head; and as a natural consequence the paper lived only a few months. A fearless exponent of the Liberal programme, La Patrie probably did more to advance the cause of liberalism in the province of Quebec than any other newspaper. Mr. Beaugrand, who is not only an able financier, but also a judge of literary merits, grouped together the young writers of the new school, led by Buies and Fréchette. In their ranks were found Arthur Globensky, the graceful poet; the late T. H. Bienvenu, the profound political writer; Ernest Tremblay (now editor of L’Union, St. Hyacinthe); J. E. Robidoux, M.P.P. for Chateauguay, and a score of others. Mr. David, who is an uncompromising Liberal, and who never faltered in his political principles, was a more or less frequent contributor to most of these newspapers. Besides his contributions to the press he found time to publish a volume entitled “Biographies et Portraits de nos principaux Canadiens-Français,” and another entitled “Patriotes de 1837-38.” The mantle of the greatest and most popular tribune whom French Canada will forever honor and remember, Papineau, who contributed more than any other to preserve intact the rights and privileges guaranteed to the conquered race by the Treaty of Utrecht, may be said to have fallen on the shoulders of Mr. David; no national fête, no popular demonstration is complete without him; and since 1864 he has taken an active part in all the national movements. He is considered in the province of Quebec as the standard-bearer of national ideas; yet he is ever willing and ready to grant to other races the rights he asks for his own race. His pen and voice (he is a fluent and agreeable speaker) have always been employed in the defence of right and to elevate the standard of public opinion among his countrymen, and to convince them that true and effective patriotism, national and religious strength consist more of deeds than of words and noisy affirmations and declarations, and he often said boldly on public platforms that he would not encourage injustice towards other nationalities to please his countrymen, even should the madness of a few irresponsible penny-a-liners, who are paid to carry on their nefarious work, goad them to reprisals. In 1886, Mr. David presented himself to the suffrages of the voters of Montreal East, and carried the day against two formidable opponents, the Hon. L. O. Taillon, premier of the province, probably the most influential man the Conservatives could bring forward, and Adélard Gravel, the nominee of the Labor party, who polled the entire labor vote of the constituency. The Reformers, however, rallied around their standard-bearer, and by presenting a united front, succeeded in electing him by a handsome majority. Mr. David was a partner in the law firm of Longpré and David. Mr. Longpré was appointed September, 1887, prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district of Montreal by the Mercier administration. In religion he is a Roman Catholic of broad views. He married, in 1868, Albina Chenet, a daughter of Pierre Chenet. She died in August, 1887. He is the father of eleven children, one son and ten daughters.

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=Mountcastle, Clara H.= (“Caris Sima”), Clinton, Ontario, is the third surviving daughter, and seventh child of the late Sydney Harman Mountcastle, and Frances Laura, his wife, and was born in Clinton, Ontario, on the 26th of November, 1837. She is descended on her father’s side from James, eldest son of Lord Claude Hamilton, who was created Baron of Mountcastle and Kilpatrick on the 10th July, 1606; and on her mother’s side from an eminent civil engineer, who died in the year 1811, aged 92, and was buried at Preston, East Lothian, Scotland, where the following lines are inscribed on his tombstone:—“To the memory of Andrew Meikle, who steadily pursued the example of his ancestors, and by inventing and bringing to perfection a machine for separating corn from straw, constructed on the principle of velocity, rendered to the agriculturists of Britain and other nations a more beneficial service than any hitherto recorded in the annals of ancient or modern science.” Her maternal grandfather, James Meikle, held a prominent position in his Majesty’s Ordnance Department, with headquarters in the Tower of London, and was frequently consulted by the Duke of Wellington upon the defences of the country during the Peninsular campaign. And we can well imagine, from the massive intellect displayed in a portrait of this gentleman now in possession of Miss Mountcastle, that the “Iron Duke” had no mean adviser. Mr. Mountcastle, father of the subject of our sketch, was born in London, England, on the 12th of January, 1803, and came to Canada in 1832, bringing with him his wife, who still survives, and two children, who died shortly after his arrival. Having a small capital he purchased land on the Huron Road, county of Huron, Ontario, and erected two dwellings, at different periods, on the same. The latest of these is the childhood’s home of “Caris Sima,” a small picture of which, executed in oil, now hangs on the wall of her studio in Clinton, and represents a low hewn log dwelling, with gables to the road, as described in her poem, “Lost,” and literally embowered in trees and flowers. We clip the following from an obituary notice that appeared in a local paper at the time of her father’s death. Alluding to him, the writer says, “He made a good clearing on his land, and erected a comfortable dwelling, which in later years, as his young family grew up, became a seat of refined and cordial hospitality, the remembrance of which will be long retained by the many friends who were privileged to enjoy it.” Miss Mountcastle received the chief portion of her education at home, under the direct supervision of her parents. When a child she was dreamy and reflective, rarely rousing from a state of abstraction unless to defend anyone whom she thought injured or oppressed, or to comfort her pets when in pain or trouble. Her sympathy with the dumb creatures of the universe was intense. If she discovered a caterpillar on her clothes, she would try to think where it came from, and would walk a long distance to restore it to its “afflicted family.” Oftentimes would she carry tiny toads in her little pinafore, and would take them in her hands to warm them, saying “They were so cold, poor things.” And when a trap was set to catch mice, she would listen for the click, then silently release the little prisoner. In winter her chief pleasure seemed to be found in gazing at the glowing embers in the wide, open fireplace, and she seldom joined in the romps of the other children. She did not care for study in these days. At twelve years of age she knew little more than her letters, and was dubbed “the dunce of the family.” This roused in her a desire to excel, and from that time she acquired the rudiments of knowledge with remarkable rapidity. Long ere this she showed a decided talent for drawing, which was carefully fostered by her father and mother, both of whom possessed considerable artistic taste—her mother being a good amateur artist, and her father an excellent judge of a picture. Yet they were not qualified to bring forth the latent powers of their child, else her name had been known long before 1870, when she exhibited at the Provincial Exhibition at Toronto, carrying off five prizes for paintings in water colors. From this time she made art her profession, being utterly unconscious of a still greater talent yet to be developed, and which her devotion to art as a means of livelihood seems for a time to have entirely obscured. Though her father knew her ability, and tried to induce her to write, yet her natural diffidence prevented her, and it was not until 1879 that, through the urgent entreaties of her sister Ellen, she turned her attention to literature. Miss Mountcastle is, in every sense, what is termed “a late ripe.” Not only was she backward in her studies as a child, but she remained a child for an unprecedentedly long period of time. At the age of twenty she was an unformed girl, and continued growing in stature for some years afterwards. As an artist, we would say that her sketches are masterly, and embrace almost every conceivable subject, but she has not yet attained that high finish which only study under the best masters can give. It is in the field of letters where she excels. The power, the pathos, and passion of her writings bespeak for her a high place in the literature of this and the future ages. Her first work, “The Mission of Love,” published by Hunter, Rose and Co., Toronto, is well described by J. E. Collins, in “The Life and Times of Sir John A. Macdonald,” as “a garden in which there are several unseemly weeds growing side by side with a number of delightful flowers.” These weeds were an error in judgment. Many poets have erred in the same way, and afterwards tried to suppress their early work, but the flowers are imperishable. As in art, so also in literature, Miss Mountcastle’s genius is peculiarly versatile. No poet living or dead ever wrote in such varied style. Hear the music in “The Voice of the Waters.” Mark the light debonair tone in “See that he be virtuously brought up,” and yet how full of feeling and reverence; while the airy grace of her lyrics (valentines), combined with rare delicacy of feeling, is inimitable, and shows the writer entertains higher views of love than are likely ever to be realized in this mundane sphere. And what exquisite delicacy of thought is apparent in “Reflections on a Faded Rose,” “At the Falling of the Leaf,” “Day Dreaming,” “Art Thou Thinking of Me?” etc. While what depth of pathos is felt in the wailing of “Hope Deferred.” But it is in her unpublished work, some of which we have seen, that her genius becomes more apparent. Unsurpassed by modern poet is the verse wherein she reproaches the sea for causing the death of Sappho, the celebrated Greek poetess:

Oh, sea, had’st thou no power to save, Could’st thou not raise that glorious face; Nor let thy suffocating breath, That heaven-born life of song erase; Nor calm that wild heart unto death.

And grand enough for Milton are the concluding lines:

Oh, cold, cold wave, that pressed her cheek, I hear thy murmuring undertone. For ages wilt thou sob and moan, In vain repentance o’er thy deed: The howling winds shall lash thy breast, And zephyrs mourn around thy shore, And murmur all thy rocks along; And thou, who stilled the voice of song, Thy deep great heart shall know no rest— Shall know no peace for evermore.

Of Miss Mountcastle’s prose writing, we would say, that her novelette, “A Mystery,” lately published by Hunter, Rose & Co., Toronto, shows, as a first work, great ability. It is written in a pleasing, vivacious style. We take the following extract from a local paper, which does it no more than justice: “The plot is good, the moral inculcated equally so. The characters are well sustained. There is much wit and dry humor in their development, and the sketches of character and scenes show a close observation of nature; and without being in any way sensational, the interest in the story is well sustained to the end.” We would here remark, that the beautiful lines that appear in this volume, under the title of “Only a Little While,” emanate from the pen of the author’s sister, Ellen, who has written several short poems of much merit. Miss Mountcastle has written three essays on questions of the day, showing great power and originality of thought, and is now engaged on a tale of Canadian life, entitled, “Crow’s Hollow,” which we hope soon to see in print. To sum up the whole, we feel assured that, though now comparatively unknown, “Caris Sima” will ere long be recognized as one of the greatest poets of her time, and likewise rank as one of the most brilliant writers of fiction, on account of the vivid life, and intense human feeling, that is evinced in all her writings, whether in prose or verse. “Carissima,” that well-known Italian term of endearment, from which she derives her nom de plume, was an appellation conferred upon her in early girlhood by her father’s friend, the late Henry William Cole, M.D., a physician of great ability, to whom she was much attached, and is well adapted to the sweet, tender, womanly style of her writings, which show that, though in childhood she dwelt in a wilderness, she was reared in the lap of refinement. As a girl, “Caris Sima” was peculiarly simple and unsophisticated, and these traits of character still cling to her, as she, even now, gives little attention to the conventionalities of life. In stature, she is tall and commanding. Her features, which are irregular, are marked, when in repose, by an expression that might be termed sad, severe or stern; but when she speaks or smiles, her whole face illuminates like the sun breaking through a cloud, and she keeps on illuminating with expressions as versatile as her genius. In conclusion, we may say Miss Mountcastle is one of a family of twelve children, seven of whom died in infancy and early childhood. Of her sisters, Ellen, the eldest surviving, is, as we have already mentioned, a clever writer of fugitive verse. Eliza, the second daughter, is an amateur artist, and we may likewise say an amateur physician, as she studied medicine for six years under the late Dr. Cole, and practises among her own family with great success. The youngest, Alice, is married, and has one child, a bright boy, who seems likely to follow in the footsteps of his mother’s race. While her only surviving brother, Edmund Mountcastle, is a practical engineer of rare abilities, and, as we have seen, a descendant of the Andrew Meikle before mentioned, who was the first inventor of the threshing machine now in use.

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=Williams, Rev. John Æthuruld=, D.D., Toronto, a General Superintendent of the Methodist church.—Dr. Williams is one of the most notable figures in the history of Canadian Methodism. For over forty years he has been intimately identified with its progress, and has deservedly, and with universal acceptance, attained the highest position in the gift of that church. Dr. Williams is a man who would anywhere command attention. He bears his seventy years with wonderful vigor. His fresh complexion, keen bright eyes, and remarkable alertness and energy, both of body and mind, seem to belong to a much younger man. He comes of sturdy Welsh stock, as his name—John Æthuruld Williams—indicates. He was born at Caermarthen, in South Wales, December 19th, 1817. He early lost his father, and was deprived of his only remaining parent at the age of twelve. He was thrown into the world of London, and there learned to develop that independence and energy of character by which he is marked. He received a good education at the Academy of Hoxton, near London. He came to Canada in his seventeenth year, and found a home in the town of Prescott, where the early years of his Canadian life were spent. He united with the Wesleyan Methodist church two years later, and for some time was engaged in secular business. His talents and religious zeal led to his entering the Methodist ministry in the year 1846, and to his ordination in 1850. He soon reached a leading position in the ministry, and in 1859 was elected chairman of the Owen Sound district. Such was the fitness which he evinced for that office that he has generally been elected chairman of the districts in which his pastoral charge has been situated. He has occupied several of the leading pulpits of the Methodist church: in Toronto, London, Port Hope, Brockville, Milton, Simcoe, St. Thomas, Goderich, St. Catharines, etc. When the London conference was organized in 1874, he was appointed its first president, in which office he was continued for a second term. He was a delegate to the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church of the United States in 1876. In 1878 he received from Victoria University, in recognition of his wide reading, his general culture, and his distinguished ability, the degree of D.D. At the general conference of 1882 he was elected vice-president of that body; and at the united general conference of 1883, at which arrangements for the unification of Canadian Methodism were completed, he was unanimously elected president. The duties of this delicate and difficult position, at an important crisis in the history of the church, he discharged with such ability and impartiality as to command the admiration of the entire body. At the Centennial Conference of American Methodism, which met in Baltimore, in 1884, Rev. Dr. Williams and the Rev. Dr. Gardiner were the Canadian delegates. On that occasion Dr. Williams read an able paper, which commanded much attention, on the rise and progress of Canadian Methodism. On the lamented death of Rev. Dr. Rice, in 1885, it was the Rev. Dr. Williams whom the executive committee of the general conference selected as his successor in the office of general superintendent till the ensuing general conference. So ably did he discharge the important duties of that office that the general conference of 1886, by an almost unanimous vote, re-elected him to that position. In association with his colleague, the Rev. Dr. Carman, he has travelled with indefatigable energy throughout the length and breadth of the Dominion in promotion of the varied interests of the church of which he is a general superintendent.

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=Ker, Rev. Robert=, Rector of Trinity Church, Mitchell, Ontario.—The subject of this brief biographical notice was born in the North of Ireland, some time about the year 1842 or ’43, and is the eldest son of the late Robert Ker, of Newbliss, county Monaghan. Having received an excellent common school education, and being very zealous in Sunday-school and other Christian work in his native place, it was intended that he should enter the ministry of the Church of England; but circumstances for the moment turned his thoughts in another direction. So early as 1857, Mr. Ker organized a Young Men’s Christian Association in his native town, and although quite unaware of the ultimate development of the movement, or of the parties even then working in it, the rules he drew up for the management of the association would be found to be not much dissimilar from the leading features of Young Men’s Christian Association work at the present. At a very early period Mr. Ker evinced a marked taste for newspaper writing, and took an active part in the controversy respecting the more general adoption of the National School system of education by the Protestants of Ireland. He vigorously denounced the system as an unworthy attempt to displace the Bible in the public schools, and succeeded in arousing a good deal of local hostility to the movement. About 1862 Mr. Ker entered the Normal Training College in Dublin, where his abilities as a thoughtful educationist attracted considerable attention, and he was awarded one of the four scholarships at the disposal of the committee, and on graduating from the institution he was one of three placed in the coveted rank of first class. Mr. Ker was promptly appointed to Lord Powerscourt’s chief school, which he taught with distinguished success for several years, and was awarded four honorary certificates from the Incorporated Society for the success of his pupils. Mr. Ker finally resigned the position, and at the invitation of the late Major Knox, proprietor of the Irish Times, Dublin, he became the special correspondent for that journal in Belfast. Those were exciting days on the Irish press, and very often the collecting of news involved a good many personal risks, and the subject of this sketch had his full share of them. Few of the leading public men of those days were unknown to Mr. Ker, and many are the incidents which he relates of the events of that stormy period, culminating, as it did, in the disestablishment of the Irish Church. It was Mr. Ker who reported the famous speech made by the Rev. John Flanagan respecting the kicking of the Queen’s crown into the Boyne, and which aroused the wrath of the London Times, and set the country in a blaze. Mr. Ker has occupied, at one time or another a position on every leading Irish paper. Late in 1872 he came to Canada, and was immediately engaged on the Toronto Leader, then an influential factor in Canadian politics. He remained on the staff of the Leader for some time, and while there edited the Patriot, well known for its sterling defence of Protestant principles. In 1874, circumstances appeared favorable for carrying out the never wholly-abandoned idea of entering the ministry of the church, and after due matriculation Mr. Ker entered Trinity College, Toronto, under Provost Whitaker, and subsequently took charge of St. John’s High School, province of Quebec, as principal, and it was while occupying that position that he was, in 1877, ordained to the diaconate by the Right Rev. Dr. Oxenden, Metropolitan, who forthwith appointed him to the mission of Chelsea, Templeton and Portland. This was a very trying district, entailing long drives over bad roads, but Mr. Ker soon became a prime favorite, and was greatly missed upon leaving. During his incumbency he had the debt paid off the Chelsea church and a new one consecrated at Portland. The following year he was advanced to the priesthood, and appointed to succeed the late Rev. Dr. Clarke, as incumbent of St. Stephen’s Church, Buckingham, province of Quebec. From there he was transferred to St. Paul’s Church, Mansonville, and while there he was called, in 1880, to the rectorship of Trinity Church, Quebec city. Rev. Mr. Ker labored in the ancient capital for nearly seven years. Trinity congregation was by no means wealthy, but he succeeded in gathering around him an earnest body of workers, to whom he became greatly attached, and the congregation returned the feeling very heartily. He purchased the church building from the Sewell family at $8,300, and paid off $4,300 of the amount within the year, leaving the balance as a mortgage upon the building. During the seven years of the Rev. Mr. Ker’s pastorate in Trinity Church, it was a great centre of attraction for the young, and when he decided upon accepting a charge in Ontario, the feeling of regret was wide-spread and profound. For about four years of his residence in Quebec, Rev. Mr. Ker, in addition to his other duties, filled the position of vice-rector in the Boys’ High School. He was also appointed by the Lieutenant-governor-in-Council a member of the Board of Protestant Examiners, and that body subsequently elected him their secretary. Rev. Mr. Ker was also for a time inspector of the schools for the Colonial Church Society in the district of Quebec, and vice-president of the Quebec Teachers’ Association; so that, altogether he has rendered good service to the country of his adoption. As to his theological views, he wishes to be described simply as “a churchman,” irrespective of party distinctions, which he looks upon as injurious and uncalled for. In 1863 he was initiated into the Masonic order; and since then has held a leading position in its ranks, having been elected worshipful master of Albion lodge, and subsequently, in 1885, he was elected to the position of grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, and re-elected again in 1886. The Rev. Mr. Ker has been a constant contributor to leading periodicals, and is an editorial writer of recognized ability; in fact, in every sense he has been one of our hard workers. As a preacher he is held in high esteem, for, while avoiding sensationalism on the one hand and the dry conventionalities of ordinary preaching on the other, he addresses himself in plain and forcible language to the wants of his hearers, and denounces in vigorous terms the prevailing hollowness of religious professors. He participated to some extent in the controversies carried on by churchmen a few years ago, but this he very sincerely regrets, believing as he does that unquestioning loyalty to the Church and Christian forbearance to the brethren are clear and imperative duties. On the 23rd August, 1874, he was married at New Brighton, S. I., to Lizzie, youngest daughter of the late Thomas Wilkin. Their family consists of three sons and two daughters. The Rev. Mr. Ker is at present rector of Trinity church, Mitchell, in the diocese of Huron; and his brother, the Rev. John Ker, is rector of All Saints Church, Dunham, province of Quebec, in the diocese of Montreal, and is esteemed by Bishop Bond as one of the most active and most successful missionaries.

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=Pelton, Sandford Harrington=, Q.C., Barrister, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born in New York, on the 28th September, 1845. His father was Milo Sandford Pelton, who was of English descent, and his mother, Louisa Maria Harrington, was a Nova Scotian. Sandford received his early educational training at the public school of Antigonish, Nova Scotia, and studied classics, mathematics, and the higher branches under the Rev. R. F. Brine, Episcopal minister at Arichat, Cape Breton. He studied law with the late Charles F. Harrington Q.C., of Arichat, who for some time represented Richmond county in the Nova Scotia legislature, and also with the Hon. Daniel Macdonald, formerly M.P.P. for Antigonish county, and attorney-general for Nova Scotia. On the 22nd October, 1867, he was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia as a barrister and attorney, and commenced business in Yarmouth, on the 20th November, 1867, and here he has resided since, and has built up an extensive practice. He was appointed by the Nova Scotia government, on May 27th, 1876, a Queen’s counsel. Mr. Pelton is an active Mason, and occupies a prominent position in the order; is a past district deputy grand master, and a past junior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia. In temperance work, too, he has taken a hand, and is a member of several societies. In politics, he is a Liberal, and worked actively for his party during the last elections. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. On the 16th November, 1869, he was married to Mary Georgina Darby, youngest daughter of the late Captain Jos. W. E. Darby (who was for some years employed by the Nova Scotia government in the fishery protection service as commander of the cutter Daring, and died on board that vessel in 1851; he made quite a name for himself by his skill and ability in the discharge of his duties), and granddaughter of the late Superintendent Darby, of Sable Island.

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=Shakespeare, Noah=, General Agent, Victoria, British Columbia, M.P., for Victoria, was born at Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, England, on the 26th of January, 1839. His parents were Noah and Hannah Shakespeare. The father was a distant relation of William Shakespeare, the bard of Avon. Mr. Shakespeare received his education in the public schools of his native place. He left school at an early age, and being of an independent turn of mind, and anxious to get on in the world, he worked as hard and as long hours, as any lad in England. Having heard of British Columbia as a field in which a young man might get on, he determined to try his fortune in that far-off land, and accordingly left England, and landed in Victoria, on the 10th of January, 1863, and has since that time been a resident of the province. Arriving like many another poor lad in Canada, without scarcely a penny in his pocket, he availed himself of the first job that offered, namely, that of a place in the Vancouver collieries. Here he faithfully performed the duties assigned to him for some years, until he saw an opportunity of bettering his condition. He then moved to Victoria city, and began to climb the path which has since led to distinction. His first public position was that of councillor, and being a workingman himself, his efforts during the four years he was in the council, were always directed in favour of the workingman. In 1882, he was elected mayor of the city, by a large majority of the ratepayers, and never, it may be said, had Victoria a better chief magistrate, and its affairs better managed than under his administration. This same year he was elected president of the Mechanics’ Institute; and at the general election of 1882, he was sent to Ottawa, to represent Victoria in the House of Commons; and again re-elected to the same position at the general election in the spring of 1887. In 1885, Mr. Shakespeare was elected to the presidency of the British Columbia Agricultural Association; and in 1886, he was also made president of the British Columbia Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of which he was the principal organizer in Victoria. He is a friend of all movements adopted for the good of his race. He was president of the Anti-Chinese Association of Victoria, in 1879; was elected grand worthy chief of the Grand Lodge of Good Templars of Washington Territory and British Columbia, in 1877; again elected to the same position in 1878; and in 1886, he filled the honourable office of president of the Young Men’s Christian Association of Victoria. In 1884 he introduced and succeeded in getting carried a resolution in favor of restricting Chinese immigration into the Dominion of Canada. He is a justice of peace for the Province of British Columbia. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion, an adherent of the Methodist church. On December 26th, 1869, he was married to Eliza Jane Pearson.

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=Fielding, Hon. William Stevens=, Premier of Nova Scotia, and M.P.P. for the city and county of Halifax, was born at Halifax, on the 24th of November, 1848, and is of English descent. He was educated in his native city, and has devoted the greater part of his life to journalism. At the age of sixteen he entered the office of the Morning Chronicle, in Halifax, the leading Liberal paper in Nova Scotia, as a clerk, and gradually worked through the reportorial and editorial departments to the position of managing editor, which office he resigned in 1884, when called upon to fill a high position in the government of his native province. During these twenty years, he did not confine his writing exclusively to his own province, but contributed to various journals abroad. For fourteen years he was connected with the Toronto Globe, as Nova Scotia correspondent. In 1882, at a convention of the Liberal party held at Halifax, after the resignation of the Thompson government, the positions of premier and provincial secretary were offered to Mr. Fielding, but he declined the honor. He, however, entered the administration of the Hon. W. T. Pipes, on the 22nd of December, of the same year, without a portfolio, having previously declined the offer of a seat in it. In May, 1884, he resigned. On the retirement of the Hon. W. T. Pipes, on the 15th of July following, he was called upon to reorganize the cabinet, which he succeeded in doing, and became premier and provincial secretary, on the 28th of July, 1884, and this position he still holds. He was first returned to the House of Assembly at the general election held in 1882, re-elected on his accepting office, 20th of August, 1884, and again at the last general election in 1886. The Hon. Mr. Fielding is a Liberal in politics, and favors the withdrawal of the Maritime provinces from the Canadian confederation, and the formation of a Maritime union. As will be seen, he has for the past five years played an important part in the politics of his country, and being yet a comparatively young man, there is yet a brilliant future before him. In religion, he is attached to the Baptist church. On the 7th of September, 1876, he was married to Hester, daughter of Thomas A. Rankine, of St. John, New Brunswick.

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=Hetherington, George A.=, M.D., L.M. (Dublin), St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Johnston, New Brunswick, on the 17th March, 1851. His father, James Grierson Hetherington, was of English descent, his father (the grandfather of the subject of our sketch) having been born in England, and came out to St. John, N.B., about seventy years ago, and established a merchant tailoring business there, which was one of the first in that then very young and small city. Mary Jane Clark, his mother, was a native of New Brunswick, and of U. E. loyalist descent. George A. Hetherington received the rudiments of his education at the place of his birth; then he went to the Normal School at St. John, N.B., where he took a teacher’s certificate in 1860, and taught school for a short time. Subsequently, for two years, he attended the Baptist Seminary at Fredericton, N.B., and then spent a year in the medical department of the University of Michigan, United States. He then received an appointment in the Washtenaw Almshouse Hospital and Insane Asylum, as resident physician, and this office he held for a year, during which period he took a partial course, after the first year’s full course, in the same university. He then went to Cincinnati, where he further prosecuted his studies in medicine and surgery in the General Hospital and in the Cincinnati College, and graduated M.D., in 1875. Returning to his native country he successfully practised his profession for nearly five years, and then went to Great Britain. Here he spent a short period in the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and then went to Dublin, where he took the full qualification of Rotunda Hospital for Women (Lic.Mid.); also a special course certificate for diseases of women and children. After this Dr. Hetherington received an appointment in the same hospital as assistant clinical instructor and clerk, having charge of an extensive maternity department. At the close of his engagement he returned to St. John, N.B., in 1882, and began a general practice, and is now one of the leading practitioners of that city. He is a licentiate of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick; and a member of the British Medical Association. In 1871 he attended the Military School at Fredericton, N.B., and was the recipient of a second-class certificate. In 1877 he was appointed coroner for the county of Queens, and, after removing to St. John, surgeon to the St. John Firemen’s Mutual Relief Association in 1885. The doctor is also a past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias; supreme vice-chief ranger of the Independent Order of Foresters, and past high physician of the same order, and a member of the brotherhood of Freemasons. He has travelled considerably, having visited all the important points in the Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario, the Eastern States, New York, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, and Great Britain and Ireland. In politics he is a Liberal; and in religion a Baptist. He was married on 5th September, 1876, to Sybil McIntyre, of Sussex, New Brunswick.

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=Wallace, Joseph James=, Truro, Nova Scotia, Superintendent of the Halifax and St. John District of the Intercolonial Railway, was born in Albert county, New Brunswick, on the 20th of April, 1847. His parents were David and Mary Wallace. Mr. Wallace received his education in the High School, Hillsboro’, New Brunswick. He entered the service of the European and North-American Railway Company, on the 25th of May, 1865, and continued in its service until November, 1872, during which period he filled the various positions of telegraph operator at Salisbury, New Brunswick; clerk and telegraph operator in the superintendent’s office, at St. John, New Brunswick; station master, telegraph operator, and postmaster, at Salisbury, New Brunswick; assistant accountant in the superintendent’s office, at St. John, New Brunswick; and in November, 1872, and on the absorption of the above railway by the Intercolonial Railway Company, he was made auditor of the latter company. This office he held until May, 1883, when he was appointed to the more important position of superintendent of the Halifax and St. John district, which office he holds to-day. Mr. Wallace has shewn by his integrity, industry, and perseverance, what a young man can do when he once determines to rise in his profession. In 1870, he joined the Masonic brotherhood, and is now a past master of his parent lodge. In May 26th, 1868, he was married to Ruth M. Hopper, and the fruit of this union has been five children, three of whom survive.

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=Loranger, Hon. Louis Onesime=, one of the judges of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, with place of residence in Montreal, was born at Ste. Anne d’Yamachiche, on the 10th April, 1837. He is the son of Joseph Loranger and Marie Louise Dugal, and a brother to the late Hon. Justice T. J. J. Loranger, commandeur of the Order of Pius IX., who died in 1885; to the late Rev. C. A. Loranger, and to J. M. Loranger, Queen’s counsel, now practising at the bar of Montreal. Justice Loranger was educated at the College of Montreal, where he went through a brilliant course of classical studies, and was admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec on the 3rd of May, 1858. He at once entered into partnership with his two brothers, the late Hon. T. J. J. Loranger, who was then a member of the Macdonald-Cartier administration, and J. M. Loranger, Q.C. He continued in active practice of the law until the 5th of August, 1882, when he was appointed to the puisné judgeship of the Superior Court of Quebec, the position he now holds. In February, 1868, Judge Loranger was elected an alderman of the city of Montreal, and twice re-elected by acclamation. In 1874, the citizens of Montreal, wishing to recognize the important services he had rendered the city, elected him vice-president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, and president of the committee entrusted with the organization of the celebration of the Fête Nationale of that year. The sister societies had been invited to co-operate, and the invitation met with a hearty response from all parts of the American union and the Dominion of Canada, delegates being sent from every society on the continent, and in some cases societies themselves coming to Montreal with their full membership. The idea of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, as founded by the late Ludger Duvernay, in 1834, had been to form a tie of cohesion among the diverse groups of French Canadians who were divided among themselves, and bring them all under one banner, with “Our Religion and Our Language” as motto. Mr. Duvernay, the first journalist of note among the French, was the first to understand that if the systematic course of petty persecution which obtained in his days were not stopped, the French Canadian element would soon be lost in the flood of British emigration then setting in towards this fair country. The Briton, with his keen commercial insight and his eminent qualities as a colonist, had discovered that the land which Voltaire had described as “a few acres of snow-covered ground” had a future before it, and he at once resolved to make the country what it is to-day. The St. Jean Baptiste Society struggled on for several years with a slight membership and scanty financial resources until 1860, when a determined effort was made to place it on an efficient footing. Then with the help of such men as Cartier, Langevin, L. O. David, the Lorangers, and scores of others who were carried forward by the enthusiasm and patriotic fire of their leaders, it took gigantic strides, and to-day it numbers over one hundred thousand members. In 1874, Mr. L. O. Loranger, as a member of the executive committee of the society, rendered great services. In July, 1875, Judge Loranger presented himself for the first time to the electorate of the county of Laval, and was sent to the Legislative Assembly as a supporter of the de Boucherville administration. An unswerving adherent of the Conservative party, he was soon recognized as one of its leaders, and considered one of the strongest debaters in the Assembly. He took a leading part in the discussion on the Letellier coup d’état. He was re-elected three times consecutively by acclamation in his county. After the defeat of the Joly administration he was offered the portfolio of attorney-general, which he accepted (November, 1879), and retained until his elevation to the bench in 1882. The codification of the Provincial statutes and the judicial reforms now being completed (1887), were commenced when he was attorney-general under the Chapleau-Loranger administration. Judge Loranger is a hard worker, having in the midst of his parliamentary duties attended to the needs of an extensive clientèle, and he was considered one of the most noted lawyers of the Montreal bar. He is a fluent and graceful speaker; he is also distinguished for his practical mind, sound judgment, and impressive, though cautious, disposition. He married, on the 3rd October, 1867, Marie Rosalie, daughter of the late Hon. M. Laframboise, founder of Le National, who afterwards was appointed one of the judges of the Superior Court for the province of Quebec, and Rosalie Dessaulles, a niece of the late Hon. Louis Joseph Papineau. Mrs. Loranger died in 1883, leaving seven children, three sons and four daughters.

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=Alexander, Rev. Finlow=, M.R.C.S., (England), and L.S.A., sub-Dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born on the 17th April, 1834, at Walkhampton, near Tavistock, Devonshire, England. He is a son of the late Rev. Daniel Alexander, M.A., vicar of Bickleigh, near Plymouth, England. The Rev. F. Alexander received his educational training at Mount Pleasant House Academy, Milbay Road, Plymouth, and subsequently at Marlborough College, in Wiltshire. After leaving school, in 1850, he entered on the study of medicine at the Middlesex Hospital, London; and in 1855 received the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons, adding in 1857 that also of the Society of Apothecaries, Blackfriars Bridge, London. After visiting the East, in the employ, as a surgeon, of the Peninsular and Oriental Company, Mr. Alexander, in 1860, came to Canada, and engaged for three years in the practice of his profession, at Gore’s Landing, Ontario. In 1863 he married Anna Cecille, daughter of Thomas S. Gore, of Gore Mount, county Antrim, Ireland; and determining on taking holy orders, removed to Cobourg, Ontario, where he pursued the studies necessary to that end, under the direction of the Venerable Archdeacon Bethune, afterwards Bishop of Toronto. In February, 1866, Mr. Alexander was admitted to the diaconate by the Right Rev. Bishop Strachan; and in May, 1867 was ordained to the priesthood. He was appointed in the first place to the curacy of Port Hope, Ontario, in 1866; and in the following year was transferred, on the death of the rector, the Rev. Jonathan Shortt, D.D., to the curacy of Guelph, Ontario. This appointment he held until the resignation of the rector, the Venerable Archdeacon Palmer, in 1875. In the autumn of that year the offer was made to him by the bishop of the diocese of Fredericton, New Brunswick, now Metropolitan of Canada, of the position of sub-dean in his cathedral; this office he accepted and still (1887) retains.

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=Ross, Hon. David Alexander=, Q.C., Barrister, “Westfield,” St. Foye Road, Quebec city, member of the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec, was born at Quebec, on the 12th March, 1819. His father was the late John Ross, who for many years filled the position of joint prothonotary of the King’s Bench, at Quebec. His mother, Margaret Ross, was a native of Prince Edward Island. His paternal grandfather, John Ross, who was born in Tain, Ross-shire, Scotland, with a number of other Highlanders, formed themselves into a volunteer company to fight during the French war only, and having been attached to the 78th Highland regiment, were among the brave men who in the pitchy darkness of the early morn of the 13th September, 1759, climbed, with the immortal Wolfe, the cliffs near Cape Diamond, Quebec, and won for Great Britain, on the Plains of Abraham, one of the finest possessions of the British Crown. Mr. Ross was severely wounded in the engagement; and after the conquest he became a citizen of Quebec, and commanded a company of militia in 1776, when Montgomery and Arnold attempted to retake Quebec, and did good service for the Crown. The Hon. Mr. Ross received a classical education in the school taught by the late Dr. Daniel Wilkie, and at the Seminary of Quebec, and then followed a course of civil and Roman law at the University of Laval. He is conversant with both languages. He adopted law as a profession; was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1848, and appointed a Queen’s counsel in 1873. Being fully imbued with the spirit of his ancestors, he entered the Military College, and obtained a first-class certificate for company and battalion drill; and during the first Fenian invasion raised a company of fifty men, fully equipped, and ready to march to the frontier when called upon. He is now a lieutenant-colonel in the militia. He entered political life in 1878, and was returned to the Quebec legislature, at the general election of that year, for the county of Quebec, and sat for that constituency until the general election of 1881, when he withdrew from politics for a time. On the 8th March, 1878, he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and became attorney-general in the Joly administration, and held office until the 30th of October, 1879, when he resigned with his colleagues. In 1887 he was called to the Legislative Council of his native province, and was appointed a member of the Hon. Mr. Mercier’s cabinet, without a portfolio. The Hon. Mr. Ross is a director of the Lake St. John Railway. For several years he was president of the St. Andrew’s Society; of the Quebec Literary and Historical Society; of the Quebec Auxiliary Bible Society; and has been twice elected bâtonnier (president) of the Quebec bar. He has made himself very familiar with the Dominion of Canada, and has found time from his numerous duties to visit the United States of America, England, Scotland, France, Italy, Spain, Gibraltar, Sicily and Egypt, and upwards of fifty cities and towns. In politics Mr. Ross is a Liberal; and in religion an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married in March, 1872, to Harriet Ann Valentine, widow of the late James Gibb, in his lifetime one of the leading merchants of Quebec.

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=Ingram, Andrew B.=, St. Thomas, M.P.P. for West Elgin, was born on 23rd April, 1851, at Strabane, county of Wentworth, Ontario, and is the second son of Thomas and Mary Ann Ingram, of that place. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Ingram, was a native of the county Tyrone, Ireland, and served his country for nineteen years under Lord Wellington, participating in the Peninsular campaign, as well as Quatre Bras and Waterloo. The subject of our sketch received a common school education at Morristown, Ontario, and his early youth was passed in agricultural pursuits. Becoming dissatisfied with a rural life, he bade adieu to the farm and proceeded to London, where his uncle, who was a resident of that city, prevailed upon him to learn a trade. Having selected that of a collarmaker, he served the usual apprenticeship, and in 1870 was duly accredited a journeyman. For some years he labored at the occupation of his choice. In August, 1879, he connected himself with the Canada Southern Railway, commencing at the foot of the ladder as brakeman, and by strict attention to the duties of that position, soon won the confidence of the officials, and was promoted to a conductorship. A place was then offered to him on the Wisconsin Central in a similar capacity, which he accepted, but owing to unforeseen circumstances, he resigned and returned to St. Thomas, when he entered the employ of the Grand Trunk Company, and faithfully performed the duties assigned him for about three years, when he was elected standard-bearer by the Conservatives of West Elgin, on the 15th July, 1886. When it came to the knowledge of his employers that he had been selected to contest West Elgin, they notified him to decline the honor or leave the service. After consulting his friends, he decided on the latter course, and entered into active politics. When the general elections were held on the 28th December, 1886, he was declared elected to represent West Elgin in the Ontario legislature, and has since served in the capacity of representative. Mr. Ingram took an active part in the formation of the St. Thomas Feather Bone Company, in which he is a stockholder, and which promises to become one of the leading enterprises in the city of his adoption. He joined Forest City lodge, I.O.O.F., London, on the 21st August, 1871, and remained an active worker in the same until the 5th November, 1877, when he took his withdrawal card. In 1881 he joined the Brakemen’s Benevolent Association of Canada and the United States, served as president one term, and was elected grand vice-president at a convention held in Brockville in March, 1882. On the 25th June, 1885, he joined Local Assembly Knights of Labor, St. Thomas; and in July of the same year attached himself to Headlight Assembly, No. 4,069. He served as master workman of the same for two terms; and was elected a member of District Assembly, No. 138, in which he holds the position of statistician. He was a delegate to the General Assembly convened at Richmond, Va., U.S., on 8th October, 1886. He originated the St. Thomas Trades and Labor Council in January, 1886, and was elected its first vice-president for the first term, president for the second term, and now fills the position of honorary president. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. Mr. Ingram has taken an active part in provincial, federal and municipal politics since confederation, in the counties of Wellington, Perth, Huron, Essex, and Elgin, and been a hard worker in various Conservative associations. He held a position of trust under the Clarke administration in Manitoba, and was one of the sheriff’s posse who arrested Andrew Nault and others for complicity in the murder of Thomas Scott. Although returned to parliament as a Liberal-Conservative, Mr. Ingram has ever in view and will support any measure brought forward that will advance the true interests of the toiling masses, who in him have an able and conscientious advocate, and who from actual experience is conversant with the disadvantages under which they labor. In religious matters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church. And to sum him up in a few words, is an able, honest man, who commands the respect of the community which he so ably represents. In 1882 he married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Allen McIntyre, of Aberfoyle, whose great grandfather was the Earl of Home, a Scottish nobleman.

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=McGee, Hon. Thomas D’Arcy=, B.C.L., M.R.I.A., was born on the 13th of April, 1825, at Carlingford, Ireland. His father, James McGee, was in the coast-guard service, and his mother was Dorcas Catharine Morgan, a daughter of a Dublin bookseller, who had been imprisoned and financially ruined by his participation in the conspiracy of 1798. Both on his father’s and his mother’s side he was descended from families remarkable for their devotion to the cause of Ireland. When he was eight years of age his family removed to Wexford, and shortly afterwards he suffered a heavy blow in the death of his mother. Of his father he was wont to speak as an honest, upright, religious man; but his mother he loved to describe as a woman of extraordinary elevation of mind, an enthusiastic lover of her country, its music, its legends, and its wealth of ancient lore. Herself a good musician and a fine singer, it was to the songs of her ancient race she rocked her children’s cradle, and from her dear voice her favorite son, the subject of our sketch, drank in his music. His passionate and inextinguishable love for the land of his birth, her story and her song, may be traced to the same source. He attended a day school in Wexford, obtaining there the only formal education he ever received. But the boyish years of the future statesman and historian were not passed in mean or frivolous pursuits. His love for poetry and for old-world lore grew with his growth, and by the age of seventeen he had read all that had come within his reach relating to the history of his own and other lands. He was a little over seventeen, and seeing little prospect of advancement at home, he, with one of his sisters, emigrated to America. After a short visit to his aunt in Providence, Rhode Island, he arrived in Boston, just at the time the “repeal movement” was in full strength amongst the Irish population of that city, warmly aided by some of the prominent public men of America of that day. He arrived in Boston in June, 1842, and on the 4th July he addressed the people. The eloquence of the boy-orator enchained the multitudes who heard him then, as the more finished speeches of his later years were wont “the applause of list’ning senates to command.” A day or two later he was offered and accepted a situation on the Boston Pilot, and became chief editor two years later. It was a critical period in the history of the Irish race in America; they were proscribed and persecuted on American soil, disgraceful riots occurring in Philadelphia, which resulted in the sacking and burning of two Catholic churches. With all the might of his eloquence, young McGee advocated the cause of his countrymen and coreligionists against the hostile party, the “Native Americans,” as they were called. This outburst of fanaticism soon subsided, but the popularity which the young Irish editor gained during the struggle continued to grow and flourish until O’Connell himself referred to his splendid editorials as the “inspired writings of a young exiled Irish boy in America.” He was invited by the proprietor of the Dublin Freeman’s Journal, the leading Irish paper, to become its editor. So at the age of twenty he took his place in the front rank of the Irish press. But the Freeman was too moderate in its tone, so he accepted an offer from his friend, Charles Gavin Duffy, to assist him in editing The Nation, in conjunction with Thomas Davis, John Mitchell, and Thomas Devin Reilly. In such hands The Nation became the organ of the “Young Ireland” party. The immediate result was the secession of the war party from the ranks of the National or Old Ireland party led by O’Connell. But the end came, and a sad end it was. The great “Liberator” died, while on foreign travel, a broken-hearted man. Famine had stricken the land, and the “Young Irelanders” were ripe for rebellion. McGee was one of those deputed to rouse the people to action, and after the delivery of a speech at Roundwood he was arrested, but soon after obtained his release. Nothing daunted by his first mishap, he agreed to go to Scotland, for the purpose of enlisting the sympathy of the Irish in the manufacturing towns, and obtaining their co-operation in the contemplated insurrection. He was in Scotland when the news reached him that the “rising” had been attempted in Ireland, and had signally failed—that some of the leaders had been arrested, and a reward offered for the apprehension of himself, and others who had effected their escape. He had been married less than a year before, and a fair young wife anxiously awaited his return. He succeeded in crossing in safety to Ireland, and in the far north was sheltered by Dr. Maginn, the bishop of Derry. Here he was visited by his wife, as he would not leave Ireland without seeing and bidding her farewell. He left Ireland in the disguise of a priest, and landed in Philadelphia on the 10th October, 1848, and on the 26th day of the same month appeared the first number of his New York Nation. Feeling sore at the utter failure of his party in Ireland, Mr. McGee threw the blame of the failure on the priesthood, which brought him in conflict with Bishop Hughes, who defended the Irish clergy, and as a consequence the New York Nation never recovered the effect of this controversy. In 1850 he removed to Boston, and commenced the publication of the American Celt. During the first two years of the Celt’s existence, it was characterized by nearly the same revolutionary ardor, but there came a time when the great strong mind of its editor began to soar above the clouds of passion and prejudice into the region of eternal truth. He began to see that the best way of raising his countrymen was not by impracticable utopian schemes of revolution, but by teaching them the best of their possibilities, to cultivate among them the acts of peace, and to raise themselves, by the ways of peaceful industry and enlightenment to the level of their more prosperous sister island. Some years after Mr. McGee transferred his publication office to Buffalo. Besides his editorial duties, he delivered lectures throughout the cities of the United States and Canada to crowded audiences. At a convention of leading Irishmen, convened in Buffalo by Mr. McGee, for the purpose of considering the subject of colonization on the broad prairies for his countrymen, instead of herding together in “tenement houses,” he was strongly urged by Canadian delegates to take up his abode in Montreal. After some negotiation on the subject, he sold out his interest in the American Celt, and removed with his family to Montreal, where he at once commenced the publication of a journal called The New Era. Before the end of his first year in Montreal he was elected as one of three members for Montreal, although his election had been warmly contested. It was not long before he began to make his mark in the legislative halls of his new country, and before the close of his first session, the Irish member for Montreal was recognized as one of the most popular men in Canada. Yet, at times, his early connection with the revolutionary party was made the subject of biting sarcasm. On one of these occasions, when being twitted with having been a “rebel” in former years, he replied: “It is true, I was a rebel in Ireland in 1848. I rebelled against the mis-government of my country by Russell and his school. I rebelled because I saw my countrymen starving before my eyes, while my country had her trade and commerce stolen from her. I rebelled against the Church establishment in Ireland; and there is not a liberal man in the community who would not have done as I did, if he were placed in my position, and followed the dictates of humanity.” About the year 1865 he was presented by his friends in Montreal and other cities with a handsome residence in one of the best localities in that city, as a mark of their esteem. In 1862 he accepted the office of president of the Executive Council, and also filled the office of provincial secretary. It was during this active time that he completed his “History of Ireland,” in two 12mo volumes. In 1865 Mr. McGee visited his native land, and while staying with his father in Wexford delivered a speech in that city on the condition of the Irish in America, which gave offence to his countrymen in the United States, as he took pains to show that a larger proportion of them became more demoralised and degraded in that country than in Canada. In 1867 he was sent to Paris by the Canadian Government as one of the commissioners from Canada to the great Exposition held in Paris. From there he went to Rome as one of a deputation from the Irish inhabitants of Montreal, on a question concerning the affairs of St. Patrick’s congregation in that city. In London he met, by previous appointment, some of his colleagues in the Canadian Cabinet, who had gone to England to lay before the imperial government the plan of the proposed union of the British provinces. In the important deliberation which followed he took a leading part. He was then minister of agriculture and emigration, which office he continued to hold up to the time when, in the summer of 1867, the confederation was at last effected. But with all his great and well deserved popularity, and the high position he had attained amongst the statesmen of the Dominion, he had made for himself bitter enemies by his open and consistent opposition to the Fenian movement, in which he saw no prospect of permanent good for Ireland. But it was in regard to Canada and their avowed intention of invading that country that he most severely denounced them. He rightly considered that it was a grievous wrong to invade a peaceful country like Canada, only nominally dependent on Great Britain, and where so many thousands of Irishmen were living happily and contentedly under just and equitable laws of the people’s own making. At the general election of 1867 he secured his seat, but only after a severe struggle, the Fenian element of his countrymen doing all in their power to secure his defeat. The victory, however, cost him dear, for the evil passions of the basest and most degraded of his countrymen had been excited against him, and he was thenceforth a doomed man. On the very night preceding his cruel murder he delivered one of the noblest speeches ever heard within the walls of a Canadian parliament on the subject of cementing the lately formed union of the provinces by bonds of mutual kindness and good-will. He had reached the door of his temporary home, when a lurking assassin stole from his place of concealment, and coming close behind, shot him through the head, causing instantaneous death. This was on the morning of April 7th, 1868. His body was removed to Montreal, where a public funeral was held, the streets along the procession being lined by regiments of the British army. St. Patrick’s Church, in which his obsequies were solemnised, was crowded with Protestants and other leading citizens to mourn over the great loss the country sustained by his death. McGee had outgrown long before his death the antipathy that many had to him on his arrival in Montreal. With the Montreal Caledonian Society especially he was a great favorite, and his orations at their concerts were the special feature of the evening. At their annual celebration of “Hallowe’en,” when it is customary to read prize poems on that old Scotch festival, of forty-six poems sent in competition on the Hallowe’en following his death, thirty-seven contained some touching allusion to that sad event. From one of the poems to which prizes were awarded, we quote the following stanzas:—

Ah! wad that he was here the nicht, Whase tongue was like a faerie lute! But vain the wish: McGee! thy might Lies low in death—thy voice is mute. He’s gane, the noblest o’ us a’— Aboon a’ care o’ warldly fame; An’ wha se proud as he to ca’ Our Canada his hame?

The gentle maple weeps an’ waves Aboon our patriot-statesman’s heed; But if we prize the licht he gave, We’ll bury feuds of race and creed. For this he wrocht, for this he died; An’ for the luve we bear his name, Let’s live as brithers, side by side, In Canada, our hame.

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=Dunnet, Thomas=, Hat and Fur Manufacturer, Toronto, was born in the Royal burgh of Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland, on the 21st April, 1847. His parents were William Dunnet and Janet Black, both natives of Caithness; and Mr. Dunnet carried on the saddling business for many years in Wick. He died about twelve years ago, and his widow is now a resident of Portobello, near Edinburgh. Young Dunnet received his education at the Free Church School in Wick, where he graduated. He then for a number of years acted as one of the teachers in the same school, and subsequently removed to the city of Aberdeen. Here he remained for about nine months as organization master in Charlotte street school. Feeling dissatisfied with the prospects in his native country, he determined to leave for America, and reached Kingston in Canada, in 1866. In the Limestone City he found employment as a teacher, and for about eighteen months he taught young Canada in Barriefield school. A more lucrative situation offering as purser on board a steamer plying between Kingston and Cape Vincent, Mr. Dunnet bade farewell to the scholastic profession, and since then has devoted his attention to mercantile pursuits. He began business in Toronto as “Briggs & Dunnet,” in 1880, and six years afterwards Mr. Briggs retired, leaving Mr. Dunnet sole partner. Since then the business has steadily increased, so much so that in February, 1887, he took into partnership Malcolm McPherson, and these two are now the members forming the firm of Dunnet, McPherson & Co., hat and fur manufacturers, Front street, Toronto. Mr. Dunnet is in politics a staunch Reformer, and in religion may be classed among the Liberal-Christians. He was married in June, 1875, to Jessie McCammon, daughter of Robert McCammon, of Kingston, Ontario.

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=Doutre, Joseph=, Q.C., Montreal.—The late Mr. Doutre was born at Beauharnois, in 1825, educated at Montreal College, and admitted to the bar in 1847. The history of his life is that of the struggles of his countrymen for civil and religious liberty, and is therefore of more than personal interest. His ancestors were from the old province of Roussillon, in the department of Pyrenées-Orientales. His grandfather came from the immediate neighborhood of Perpignan, and had hardly arrived in Canada when the country passed under the dominion of England. In 1844, at the age of eighteen, his first work, a romance of five hundred pages, entitled “Les Fiancés de 1812” (The Betrothed of 1812), was published. He was an early adherent of the Institut Canadien, and ever since the warm friend of that institution, which obtained its charter under his presidency. As soon as L’Avenir newspaper had taken a fair start, in 1848, Mr. Doutre became one of its contributors. He was a liberal contributor to the press, and most of the journals of the province have at times published contributions from him. In 1848 he published “Le Frère et la Sœur,” which was afterwards republished in Paris. In 1851 he was the author of the laureate essay paid for by the late Hon. Mr. de Boucherville, on “The Best Means of Spending Time in the Interests of the Family and the Country.” In 1852 was published “Le Sauvage du Canada.” To these should be added a series of biographical essays on the most prominent political men of that date, which appeared in L’Avenir. As one of the secretaries of the association formed in 1849 for the colonisation of the townships, he was instrumental in starting the first settlements of Roxton and its vicinity. In 1853 Mr. Doutre took the direction of the great struggle for the abolition of the feudal tenure, and by means of meetings held throughout the country, and diligence and care in the preparation of practical measures, the agitation came to a crisis at the general election of 1854, when the parliament, filled with moderate abolitionists, passed a law which did away with this mediæval system of land tenure, to the mutual satisfaction both of the seigneurs and tenants. Another campaign began immediately after, for making the legislative council elective, instead of being nominated by the Crown, and a law was passed to this effect in 1856, at which time Mr. Doutre was requested to stand as candidate for the division of Salaberry, but he was defeated. In 1858 there commenced, in a decided manner on the part of the Roman Catholic bishop of Montreal, the long looming work of destruction against everything which gave manifestation of life in the minds of educated Catholics. Mr. Doutre stood foremost in the hand-to-hand battle which followed, and the victory was a painful one, being achieved in the face of the conscientious opposition of many friends. In 1861 he accepted, under party pressure, the candidature of Laprairie, which resulted in another defeat. This election, however, had the good effect of drawing attention to the evil system of two days polling, as it was evident that his first day’s majority had been upset by large sums of money being brought into play upon the second day. This is the last time we find the subject of our remarks in the arena of politics. He subsequently devoted himself entirely to his profession. In 1863 he became Queen’s counsel. In 1866 he delivered a lecture before the Institut Canadien, on “The Charters of Canada,” a remarkably concise and complete synopsis of the political constitution of the country under the French government. In the same year he was entrusted with the defence of Lamirande, the French banking defaulter, whose extradition was sought for before our courts. After the kidnapping of the man, when he was about to be released, he followed up the demand for his restoration to the jurisdiction of our courts, through the Foreign Office, in London, to a point when the British and French governments were very seriously out of harmony, when Lamirande solved the difficulty by surrendering all claims to further negotiations. In 1869, the refusal of the Roman Catholic authorities to bury Guibord, because he was a member of the Institut Canadien, brought Mr. Doutre face to face with the necessity of choosing between a direct contest with the authorities of his church or renouncing his right to belong to a literary society, which implied the right of any personal liberty of action. His choice in this matter entailed political ostracism, and imposed upon him the most arduous task of following the case in question from court to court, through all the degrees of jurisdiction in Canada, in order to obtain the burial of Guibord, and of continuing the same in England, where he went to argue before the Privy Council, not only without fee, but at daily expense, finally winning the case; and Guibord was buried in Côte des Neiges Cemetery by order of the Queen’s mandate. The Institut Canadien handed over its valuable library of eight thousand volumes to the Frazer Institute, and is now open gratuitously to the public. Mr. Doutre died on the 3rd of February, 1886, and was buried, at his own request, in Mount Royal Cemetery (Protestant), his remains being followed to the grave by the leading citizens of all denominations and nationalities.

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=Thorne, William Henry=, Hardware Merchant, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 12th September, 1844, in St. John, N.B. His father, Edward L. Thorne, came from Granville, Nova Scotia, settled in St. John, in 1814, and was for many years one of the leading business men of that city. The members of the Thorne family who first settled in Granville, N.S., were of the old loyalist stock who left New York on the close of the revolutionary war and came over to the Maritime provinces. The mother of the subject of our sketch was Susan Scovil, and her parents settled in New Brunswick about the same time as the Thornes did in Nova Scotia, and belonged to the same body of loyalists who refused to sever their allegiance with the mother country. W. H. Thorne was educated at the Grammar School in St. John, and afterwards adopted the mercantile profession. He had several years’ experience as clerk with the firm of J. & F. Burpee & Co.; and commenced the hardware and metal business on his own account, in 1867. In 1873 he admitted R. O. Scovil as a partner. This gentleman having died in 1884, Mr. Thorne continued the business, taking into partnership, in 1885, two young men who had been in his employ for several years—namely, Arthur T. Thorne and T. Carlton Lee, and who are still members of the firm, and actively engaged in the business, under the style of W. H. Thorne & Co. The business of this firm has steadily grown until it is now amongst the largest in the Maritime provinces. The stock kept by it is the largest and best selected of its kind in the province, and their travellers may be daily met with in Quebec, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Mr. Thorne, the head of the firm, takes a deep interest in everything that tends to advance the interests of his native city. He is a vice-president of the Board of Trade, and is connected with several other useful institutions. He is a progressive man, and may be classed among the Liberals; and in religious matters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church.

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=Creelman, Hon. Samuel=, Round Bank, Upper Stewiacke, member of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia, was born at Upper Stewiacke, Colchester county, Nova Scotia, 19th November, 1808. He is a son of William and Hannah (Tupper) Creelman, his father being the grandson of Samuel Creelman, who with his family emigrated from Newton Limavady, county of Londonderry, Ireland, in 1760. After residing for a time in Lunenburg and Halifax, he settled in Amherst, and at the time of the taking the census in 1872, was possessed of the largest stock of cattle owned in the township. Thence he removed to the locality now known as Princeport, Truro. His eldest son, Samuel, was one of the original grantees of the Upper Stewiacke grant, where he settled with his family in 1784, and where he died in 1834, aged 84 years. He became the possessor of sufficient land to furnish each of his six sons with a good sized farm on the river. Hannah Tupper, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was the great granddaughter of the late David Archibald, the eldest of the four Archibald brothers who emigrated to Truro from Londonderry, Ireland, by the way of New Hampshire, U.S. He was the first representative for Truro in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, and the first justice of the peace appointed in Truro. His name also stood at the head of the first list of Presbyterian elders in the Truro congregation. Her grandfathers, Colonel Robert Archibald and Eliakim Tupper, and Samuel Tupper, her father, all held the office of justice of the peace, and of elders in the Presbyterian Church. The Hon. Mr. Creelman received a common school education in Stewiacke, and studied for one winter under the late James Ross, D.D., Dalhousie College, at West River. He resided with his father and labored on the farm until of age, when, owing to delicacy of health, he spent a winter, as above stated, and in the spring followed teaching for a time, when he then engaged in trade, in which he was moderately successful. After his marriage he engaged in agricultural pursuits, which he has since followed. In 1842 he was appointed a justice of the peace, and a trustee of Truro Academy. Shortly after entering political life, he was elected in 1847 to represent the county of Colchester in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia and represented this constituency until 1851, when he was chosen for South Colchester, and from that year until 1855 he represented it, when he was defeated at the polls. He was financial secretary of the government from 1851 to 1856; and was appointed a member of the Legislative Council in 1860. He was leader of the opposition in the Assembly until the resignation of the Hill administration in 1878, when he accepted the portfolio of commissioner of public works and mines in the Thompson administration that followed. This office he held until the fall of the administration, which took place in 1882. At this time the Hon. Mr. Creelman was in London, England, as a delegate on behalf of his government, whose object was the carrying out an arrangement with a syndicate for consolidating the railways of Nova Scotia. The new government recalled him and appointed another delegate in his place, but shortly afterwards the scheme was abandoned. He was reappointed to the Legislative Council, in 1867. Hon. Mr. Creelman has been very active in promoting all measures for the advancement of education and temperance. He introduced the bill for the establishment of a Provincial Normal School; and was the chairman of the commission appointed by the government for the erection of the first Normal School building in Truro, in 1854. When financial secretary he supported the bill for the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors, which was carried through the House of Assembly, but defeated in the Legislative Council. Here we may say that the Hon. Mr. Creelman is the oldest member of the Nova Scotia legislature, and that the Hon. Judge Henry is the only one now living (besides himself) who held a seat in it when he first entered it. He is a large shareholder in the Hopewell Woollen Mills Company, and was formerly the principal shareholder in the Mulgrave Woollen Company, Upper Stewiacke. In 1830 he joined a Temperance society, and has been a total abstainer ever since, and an earnest and efficient worker in the cause. In 1849 he became a Son of Temperance, and in 1868 was elected grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of Nova Scotia. He has been president of the Nova Scotia Alliance, and is a vice-president at present and a member of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America, having been initiated in that body in 1871. In 1878 he occupied the position of president of the Sunday-school Convention for the Maritime Provinces, held at Truro. He is a life member of the Nova Scotia Bible Society, and a member of the Young Men’s Christian Association, Halifax. He has also been a member of the Historical Society of Halifax for some years past. In 1882 he visited London, Liverpool, and several cities in England; Edinburgh and Glasgow, in Scotland; Paris, in France; and Belfast, Newton Limavady and Derry, in Ireland. He and his father were both elected elders in the Presbyterian church in 1851. On several occasions Mr. Creelman has been sent as a delegate to the General Assembly of that church, and attended its meetings at Montreal, Ottawa, and Halifax; and he has also attended meetings of the Synod of the Maritime provinces in connection with the same religious body. He has been a Sabbath school teacher for over fifty years. Previous to confederation Hon. Mr. Creelman worked in union with the Liberal party, having for his associates Hon. Messrs. Howe, the Youngs, Archibald, Uniacke, etc., but since then he has become a Liberal-Conservative. Owing to the infirmities of age, especially defective hearing, he is now unable to take the very active part in the legislature and in other public bodies which he previously did. Round Bank, the farm on which he now resides, is within a mile of his birth place. When in government offices his residence was in Halifax. On the 11th February, 1834, he married Elizabeth Elliot Ellis, who still survives. She is the eldest daughter of the late John Ellis, whose father emigrated from the North of Ireland nearly 100 years ago. Her mother was the daughter of the late James Dechman, of Halifax, who came from Scotland many years ago.

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=Hind, Professor Henry Youle=, M.A., Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born in Nottingham, England, on the 1st of June, 1823, and came to Canada in 1846. The family, on the paternal side, came originally from the county of Cumberland, England, where some of the old stock still remain on lands which have been in the family for several centuries. On the mother’s side (who was a Miss Youle), they came from Scotland, a portion of the Youle family having settled in Newark, Nottinghamshire, in 1680. Until the age of fourteen years, Henry was educated as a private pupil, jointly with his cousin, J. R. Hind, now the astronomer, by the Rev. W. Butler, head master of the Nottinghamshire Grammar School, then he was sent to Leipsic to the Handel Schule, where he remained two years. After two years further study in England, under the Rev. W. Butler, he went to Cambridge, where he resided several terms, but did not graduate, going to France for further proficiency in the French language. In 1846 he returned to England, and soon after sailed for America. In 1848 he was appointed mathematical master and lecturer in chemistry of the Provincial Normal School, Toronto, where he remained about five years, or until he accepted the chair of chemistry and geology, in the University of Trinity College, Toronto, and this chair he filled for thirteen years. In 1857, while still a professor in Trinity College, he was named by the Canadian government as geologist to the first Red River expedition. In 1858 he was placed in command of the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan exploring expedition. In 1860 the Imperial government published his reports on these expeditions; and in these blue books we find the first map of the now celebrated “fertile belt” of the North-West, as described and delineated by Professor Hind. In 1861, assisted by the Canadian government, he explored a portion of the interior of the Labrador peninsula, reaching, by Moisie river, the sources of the rivers which flow from the great Labrador plateau to Hudson Bay, the north-east Atlantic, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In his account of these explorations, published by Longmans, in 1863, Professor Hind first describes the then known extent and character of the Canadian fisheries. In 1864 he resigned his professorship in Trinity College to undertake a preliminary geological survey of New Brunswick, for the government of that province. Up to this date the literary work accomplished by the subject of this notice is as follows:—“The Canadian Journal;” a repertory of Industry, Science and Art. Edited 1852-1855. Three vols., quarto. Toronto: Maclear & Co. “Prize Report on the Improvement and Preservation of Toronto Harbor, 1854.” Published separately, also in “Canadian Journal” for 1855, with maps and plans. “Prize Essay on the Insects and Diseases injurious to the Wheat Crops,” pp. 139. Toronto: Lovell & Gibson, 1857. “Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857, and of the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition of 1858.” Two vols., with maps, wood cuts, and chromoxylographs. London: Longmans, 1860. “The Journal of the Board of Arts and Manufactures for Upper Canada.” Vols. I., II., III. Edited 1861-1863. Toronto: W. C. Chewitt & Co. “The British American Magazine.” Vols. I. and II. Edited 1863. Toronto: Rollo & Adam. “Explorations in the Interior of the Labrador Peninsula.” Two vols., with maps, wood cuts and chromo-lithographs. London: Longmans, 1863. “Eighty Years’ Progress of British North America.” Articles—“Physical Features of Canada;” “The North-West Territory,” &c., &c. Toronto, 1863. In 1866, his family growing up, Professor Hind purchased a property near Windsor, Nova Scotia, to facilitate the education of his sons, first at the Collegiate School, then at King’s College, the oldest Protestant chartered institution of learning in the provinces. In the years 1869, 1870, and 1871, under the instructions of the government of the Province of Nova Scotia, he conducted geological explorations to a considerable extent of the gold districts of that province. These are hereafter enumerated. In 1876 professional engagements led him to the mineral field of the north-eastern part of the Island of Newfoundland, and thence on the Atlantic coast of Labrador, nearly as far north as the town of Nain, or about 350 miles north of the Straits of Belle Isle. On this voyage of exploration Professor Hind discovered and mapped an extensive series of cod banks stretching for several hundred miles north-west of Belle Isle, and about twenty or thirty miles from the coast line. These are described in a paper addressed to the Hon. F. B. T. Carter, attorney-general of Newfoundland. This paper is also published in Part II., page 68, of the work on the Canadian fisheries, hereafter referred to. At the close of 1876 the Newfoundland government secured the services of Professor Hind for the year 1877 to examine and report on the newly-discovered cod banks, as far as Hudson’s Straits, but just as the Professor was starting from St. John’s, in May, 1877, on his northern exploration, a telegram from the government at Ottawa to the Newfoundland authorities was received which urged the necessity of his presence at the city of Halifax to assist in the scientific portion of the Canadian case in the fisheries contention then about to open. He was consequently compelled to relinquish his scientific investigations, and proceed forthwith to Ottawa. From Ottawa he went to Halifax, and remained there during the continuance of the arbitration. At its close, all the documents and records of proceedings on both sides were placed in his hands for analysis and indexing. The Analytical Index forms a quarto volume of sixty closely printed pages, and supplies the guide to the answers submitted during the examination of witnesses to a vast amount of matter connected with the six months fisheries inquiry at Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1878 Professor Hind prepared for the Paris Exhibition a series of charts illustrating the movements of fish in the North Atlantic waters during summer and winter, together with the spring and fall spawning grounds of the herring, the coastal movements of the cod, the seasonal movements of the halibut, the summer and winter migrations and movements of the harp seal, &c. For this novel series the jury of “Class XVI.” awarded the professor a gold medal and a diploma. The present whereabouts of these fish charts is not known. They disappeared after the Paris exhibition, not having been returned to the author. The following are his further publications since 1863:—“Reports on the Waverley Gold District,” with geological maps and sections, 1869. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Report on the Sherbrooke Gold District, together with a paper on the Gneisses of Nova Scotia,” with maps, 1870. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Report on the Mount Uniacke, Oldham and Renfrew Gold Mining Districts,” with plans and sections, 1872. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Notes on the Northern Labrador Fishing Ground.” Blue book. St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1876. Also page 68, Part II., of “The effect of the Fishery clauses of the Treaty of Washington on the Fisheries and Fishermen of British North America.” Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “On the Influence of Anchor Ice in relation to Fish Offal and the Newfoundland Fisheries.” Parts I. and II. Official papers. St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1877. “The effect of the Fishery Clauses of the Treaty of Washington on the Fisheries and Fishermen of British North America.” Parts I. and II., imperial oct. With maps, sections, and diagrams. Part I., pp. 169; Part II., pp. 74. Halifax: Charles Annand, 1877. This work has been exhaustively and very favorably reviewed by Dr. Carpenter of the London University. See Nature, June 13th and 27th, 1878. This enumeration does not include various papers published in the journals of the Royal Geographical Society, London, of the Geological Society, the Society of Arts, and the Statistical Society, London, England. Professor Hind was married at York Mills, near Toronto, on February 7th, 1850, to Katharine, the second daughter of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Duncan Cameron, C.B., of the 79th Highlanders, who commanded the light companies of the Highland Brigade during the passage of the Nive and the Nivelle in the Peninsula campaign, and was wounded at Quatre Bras on the eve of Waterloo. Two of Professor Hind’s sons are clergymen of the Church of England; one, the Rev. Duncan Henry Hind, is rector of Sandwich, Province of Ontario; the other, the Rev. Kenneth Cameron Hind, M.A., is rector of Newport, near Windsor, Province of Nova Scotia.

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=Knowles, Charles Williams=, Publisher, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born in Newport, Nova Scotia, on July 3rd, 1849, and came with his family to Windsor when he was about five years of age, and here he has resided ever since. His father, Charles W. Knowles, who died at Windsor on the 15th of December, 1886, at the advanced age of eighty-one years, was one of the oldest inhabitants of Hants county, widely known in the district, and universally respected as an industrious, honest man, and a good citizen. His mother, Eliza Bacon, died in 1854. The Knowles family came originally from England, and are closely associated with the early history of Hants county. The founder of it was Captain Henry Knowles, a merchant, great grandfather of Charles Williams Knowles, the subject of our sketch. In 1756 he, with others, came from Newport, Rhode Island, and took up their abode at a place in Hants county, Nova Scotia, and bestowed on it the name of their old residence, and it is known by the name of Newport to the present day. There is a tradition in the family that the vessel in which the worthy captain came, in sailing up the St. Croix river with the tide, grounded on the flats opposite an island, which afterwards came into his possession, and is now called Knowles’ Island; and the farm Captain Henry Knowles owned, with this island, is still in the possession of the Knowles family, its present owner being W. H. Knowles, municipal councillor for Avondale. The captain was a widower, and had on board with him an infant son, named Jonathan. There was also on board his vessel, as a passenger, a Miss Williams, said to have been a near relative of the celebrated Roger Williams, the founder of Providence, Rhode Island. The captain and Miss Williams were both members of the Baptist denomination, which at that time was being cruelly persecuted in some of the New England states, and were in search of a place where they could worship God in accordance with their religious convictions. They naturally felt a deep interest in each other, and a mutual affection sprang up between them, which subsequently ended in marriage, and the fruit of the union was three sons, Nathan, Henry, and William, and two daughters, William becoming the grandfather of the subject of our sketch. The bodies of the brave captain and his devoted wife, and those of all the older members of his family, have for long years been mouldering to dust in their graves in the burying-ground on the old homestead property. Jonathan and his family are buried in Rawdon. Upon his tombstone there is the following rather quaint inscription: “Here rests the body of Jonathan Knowles, who gradually sank into the arms of death, falling asleep in the Redeemer, November 9th, 1821, in the 65th year of his age.” Branches of the Knowles family are resident in Rawdon, in Hants county, in Yarmouth county, and in New Brunswick, in the city of St. John, and in a village called by their name, Knowlesville. Charles received his education in the public schools in Windsor, and when about eighteen years of age became connected with journalism, and managed the Saturday Mail, a weekly local paper, then owned by M. A. Buckley. After a few years Mr. Knowles succeeded in purchasing this property, and having thrown more life into it, made it one of the best weekly papers in Nova Scotia. In 1883 he sold out the Mail, and for three years subsequently engaged in other pursuits; but in 1886 he again embarked in journalism, having purchased the Windsor Tribune, the paper he is now publishing. He has also an interest in the book and stationery business in Halifax; and elsewhere, and is the patentee of a valuable invention in connection with the manufacture of paper, which is used extensively in Great Britain. Mr. Knowles has proved himself an active and enterprising citizen, being a member of the town council of Windsor, and is also closely identified with various public and private undertakings. He was married in 1871, to Lydia Lockhart, of Falmouth, and has a family of five children.

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=Woodland, Rev. Jas. Barnaby=, Pastor of “The Temple” Baptist church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born at Wallace, Nova Scotia, on the 13th of August, 1840. He is a son of the late Richard Woodland, who came from Ireland to America with his wife, Annie Coulter, shortly after their marriage. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was an officer in the Home Guards during the Irish rebellion, and, on account of his loyalty to the Crown, suffered much in property and estate. Rev. Mr. Woodland was educated for the ministry at the Baptist Institutions at Wolfville, but failing health compelled him to retire before he completed the course. Being shut out from study, he started the Maritime Sentinel, a weekly newspaper, which he successfully conducted for several years, first at Oxford, and afterwards at Amherst, N.S. During this time he was twice nominated and several times solicited to become a candidate to represent the interests of Cumberland county in both the Local and Dominion parliaments, but always having in view a return to the ministry, he invariably declined. After quietly pursuing literary work and studies for some years, and regaining vigour, he sold out his newspaper, and re-entered the ministry. His first pastorate was in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, where he was ordained in 1878, and laboured for about seven years. He then removed to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and accepted the pastorate of “The Temple,” one of the three Baptist churches in that city, which position he occupies at the present time. He held, during the period previous to his ordination to the ministry, several positions of trust indicative of public confidence. For years he acted as justice of the peace in the towns where he resided, and for four or five years was grand provincial secretary of the old order of British Templars. He was one of the committee who drafted the original constitution of the Dominion Alliance, and assisted to institute it at Montreal years ago, and has continued ever since to be a prominent advocate of temperance and prohibition, whose assistance in temperance campaign work is widely sought for over the Maritime provinces. He was for a long time one of the active leaders in the Independent Order of Good Templars, and resigned the office of grand chief in 1886. For several years he has been a member of the Baptist Home Mission Board, and is at present vice-president of that institution. He is a master Mason, and at the present time senior warden of Hiram lodge, No. 12, at Yarmouth, N.S. On the 28th of December, 1865, Rev. Mr. Woodland was united in marriage to Marie Julia Livingstone, eldest daughter of Angus Livingstone, a native of Scotland, and a relative of the late Dr. Livingstone, the African explorer.

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=Drummond, Andrew Thomas=, B.A., LL.B., was born on the 18th of July, 1844, at Kingston, Ontario. His father, Andrew Drummond, was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, being born there in 1811. He received a university education, and intended adopting the profession of writer to the Signet, but in 1833, he was invited to remove to Canada by his uncle, Robert Drummond, who was then executing extensive works on the Rideau Canal. A few months after his arrival in Canada, his uncle died from the Asiatic cholera of 1834, and he was then compelled to close up his uncle’s business. After accomplishing this, he entered the service of the Commercial Bank of Canada, at Kingston, and has occupied a prominent position in that and the Bank of Montreal, as manager in a number of the cities of Canada, for a period of fifty years. He retired in 1885, on a well earned competence, and is this year (1887) still in the enjoyment, at the age of seventy-six, of every faculty, having just completed, with his wife, a three months trip across the continent. In 1838, he married Margaret Sinclair, an adopted daughter and niece of the father of the Hon. O. Mowat. Miss Sinclair was born at Peterhead, Scotland, in 1816, where her father was a Custom-house officer, but he dying when she was a child, it fell to her lot to be provided for in Canada. Although seventy, she is still hale and healthy, and both, with their nine children still form a family unbroken by a death. Andrew Thomas Drummond, the subject of this sketch, was their third child, and when a few months old he removed to Bytown (now Ottawa), where his father was appointed manager of the Commercial Bank. Here he received his elementary education, and, at the age of nine, when his father was appointed manager of the Bank of Montreal at Kingston, he was sent to Queen’s College school, and began the study of Latin. In 1857, when he was scarce thirteen, he entered Queen’s College, after passing a successful entrance examination, and is believed to have been the youngest student to enter the college before, and perhaps since. He was always noted as extremely studious, and at the age of sixteen had taken his degree of B.A. at the university. During his university studies which he still continued, he developed a strong desire for the acquisition of a knowledge of geology and botany, and was a large collector of specimens, which in later years he presented to the college. In 1868, he received his degree of LL.B., and on leaving his college life, he decided upon the profession of a barrister. With this in view he entered the law office of Sir Alexander Campbell, at Kingston, and in 1866, passed his examination for barrister with much credit at Toronto. He practised in London, Ontario, with Mr. Abbott, and later on originated the law firm of Campbell & Drummond, at Ottawa. About 1869, an opportunity opened in Montreal for his engaging in commercial pursuits, and he removed thither, where he has since been largely interested in this line, much of it being in the development of the North-West. In this class of business he has been very successful, as he leans rather to the side of cautiousness than otherwise. He is a director in the Manitoba and North-Western Railway; a director in the Montreal and Western Land Company; trustee of Queen’s University, at Kingston; trustee of Trafalgar Institute, Montreal; and one of the editors of the Record of Science. He is author of the following articles:—In “Canadian Monthly,” “Imperial and Colonial Confederation, Our Public Indebtedness.” In “Canadian Naturalist,” “Observations on Canadian Geographical Botany;” “Catalogue of Canadian Lichens;” “Distribution of Plants in Canada, in some of its relations to Physical and Past Geological Conditions;” “Statistical Features of the Flora of Canada;” “Introduced and Spreading Plants of Canada;” “Botanical and Geological Notes.” In Montreal Horticultural Society’s Reports, “Canadian Timber Trees;” “Forestry in Canada.” In “Magazine of Science,” “Note on Canadian Forests.” In British Association Reports, “Distribution of Canadian Forest Trees in its relations to Climate.” In “Handbook for Canada,” published for British Association meeting, the article on “Forestry and Lower St. Lawrence Flora.” In “Record of Science,” “Our North-West Prairies, their Origin and Forests,” “The Distribution and Climatic Relations of British North American Plants;” “Affinities of the Tendrils in the Virginian Creeper.” In 1881, he married Florence Wonham, the eldest daughter of a well-known Montreal wholesale merchant, and has a family of two children.

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=Hewson, Charles Wentworth Upham=, M.D., L.R.C.P., and L.M. (Edinburgh), Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born in Jolicure, New Brunswick, on the 28th February, 1844. His parents were William A. Hewson and Elizabeth Chandler. He received his education at the Sackville, Mount Allison, and St. Joseph colleges, New Brunswick, and adopted medicine as a profession. He began his practice in River Herbert, in Nova Scotia, and for eleven years carried it on very successfully. Then, in 1883, he went to Scotland, and for some time attended the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, where he took the degrees of L.R.C.P. and L.M. On his return he settled in Amherst, Nova Scotia, in May, 1884, where he has since enjoyed a lucrative practice. Dr. Hewson is coroner for the county of Cumberland. Some years ago he joined the Masonic fraternity, and takes an active interest in this ancient order of brotherhood. In politics the doctor is a Liberal, and in religion is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married on the 29th of December, 1874, to Mary E. Hapgood, a native of Calais, Maine. The fruit of this marriage has been four children, only two of whom survive, namely, Florence R. and Charles E.

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=Allison, Charles=, Inspector of Weights and Measures, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born at Kentville, Kings county, Nova Scotia, on the 22nd of September, 1821. His father was Samuel Leonard Allison, prothonotary of Kings county, who was grandson of Joseph Allison, who emigrated from Newton Limavady, a town on Lough Foyle, near Londonderry, Ireland, and settled in Horton, Kings county, Nova Scotia, in 1774. Joseph Allison, the great grandfather of the subject of our sketch, had four sons, namely: John, William, James and Joseph, and all the old stock of the Allisons in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia are descended from them. Many of this family have attained marked prominence, as witness: David Allison, LL.D., is the present Superintendent of Education of Nova Scotia; Charles Allison, the founder of Mount Allison University; Henry Allison, ex-M.P., and others that will occur to Maritime province readers. Of Joseph’s sons, Israel (deceased), was sheriff of Colchester, for some years; Jonathan (deceased), who was one of Halifax’s most successful business men; Edward (deceased), who removed to St. John, New Brunswick, and entered mercantile life. The latter gentleman was the father of Dr. Allison, and J. C. Allison, C.E., of St. John. Two other sons of Joseph, Henry and Joseph, died at an early age. Charles Allison’s mother was Sophia Barss, of Liverpool. Deacon Samuel Barss, the founder of the Barss family, was of English origin, settling in Connecticut, where he married a daughter of the celebrated John Alden, a contemporary and friend of Miles Standish. In the latter part of the last century, the family emigrated to Nova Scotia, and settled in Annapolis. Joseph Barss settled in Liverpool, and was the founder of the Queen’s county branch of the Barss family. At one time, while away with his vessel, he was captured by a French privateer and taken to France, where he was kept prisoner until exchanged. Charles Allison was first sent to the school at Kentville, in his native county, and afterwards attended for a time the academy at Liverpool, in Queens county, and picked up such an education as could be procured in these institutions in those early days. On leaving school he was sent to Halifax, where he became a clerk in a dry goods store, and served four years in this place. He then left Halifax, and joining his father and the rest of the family at Kentville, they shortly afterwards removed to Kempt, in Queens county, and bought a farm with some improvements. Here Mr. Allison resided for forty years. He took an active interest in military affairs, and in 1864, when the provincial militia was organized, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd Queens county regiment, and retired a few years ago, retaining his rank. He has held a number of public offices during his active life time. In 1858, he was appointed a justice of the peace; and in 1863, he entered the field of politics, was elected to a seat in the Provincial Legislature, for Queens county, and was one of the number who helped to carry the free school bill in 1866, and the following year the act for the confederation of the provinces. On the dissolution of the House of Assembly, and the formation of the new government, Mr. Allison was chosen commissioner of Mines and Works. In September, 1867, an appeal was made to the country, with the result that the whole “Union party” were defeated, Mr. Allison being among the number, with the exception of Sir Charles Tupper, in Cumberland, and Hon. Hiram Blanchard, the attorney-general, in Inverness. Mr. Allison has once since presented himself for legislative favours, but was defeated; he nevertheless continues to take an interest in all the measures that come up in the local and Dominion parliaments. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Baptist church. He was married at Caledonia, Queens county, on the 19th July, 1847, to Lavinia Freeman, whose grandfather, Simeon Freeman, of English Puritan descent, was the first male child born in Queens county. The fruit of this union has been nine children, seven of whom are living,—two boys, Henry and Charles Edward, and five daughters, four of whom are married, one a resident of Liverpool, Nova Scotia, and three residing with their husbands in Boston.

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=Lyman, Frederick Styles=, B.A., B.C.L., Barrister, Montreal, was born in that city on the 6th of January, 1844. He is a son of Henry Lyman, senior partner of the firm of Lyman, Sons & Co., of Montreal, and Lyman Brothers & Co., of Toronto, president of the Citizens’ Insurance Company, and one of the directors of the Canada Shipping Company, etc. The Lymans came originally from Kent, in England, and were among the early settlers of Massachusetts, where a number of them still reside. Frederick received his primary education at the High School and McGill University, Montreal, and then went to England, and studied at St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A., in 1867. On his return to Montreal he received the degree of B.C.L. from McGill University. He selected law as a profession, and after having passed a creditable examination, travelled for a year in Europe, visiting the chief cities of Britain and the continent with great pleasure and profit to himself. On his return he entered into a law partnership with John Dunlop, under the style of Dunlop & Lyman, as advocates and solicitors, commissioners for Ontario and Nova Scotia, etc., and has proved himself a successful legal practitioner. Mr. Lyman, in politics, is a Liberal; and in religion, is an adherent of the Church of England. He was married on the 15th August, 1871, to Louisa Lyman, and has a family of two children.

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=Robertson, Andrew=, Chairman of the Board of Harbor Commissioners, Montreal, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Paisley, in Scotland, on the 18th June, 1827. He is the eldest and only son of the late Alexander Robertson, of Paisley, by his first wife, Grant Stuart Macdonald. Mr. Robertson received his education at the Paisley Grammar School, going through the usual curriculum of English, Latin and Greek. Shortly after leaving school, like the majority of Scotch boys, he learned a trade, that of weaving. He went, in 1840, to Glasgow to push his fortune. Here he served for four years in a dry goods store, and then took a position in a manufacturer’s establishment. In this new position he worked hard, and having gained the confidence of his employers, he was four years afterwards, in 1848, admitted a partner in the business. A few years later on, his health having given way, he was admonished by his medical adviser to leave Glasgow, and try the effects of either the climate of Australia or Canada on his enfeebled constitution. He decided on the latter country, and along with his wife and two sons came to Montreal in 1853. Shortly after his arrival he went into the dry goods business, and soon became one of the leading men in the trade, as senior partner in the firm of Robertsons, Linton and Co., of that city. Business having succeeded, Mr. Robertson was enabled to retire from it in 1885, and he is now enjoying other and perhaps more congenial pursuits. Being a public spirited gentleman, he never shirked his responsibilities as a citizen. In 1868 and 1869 he accepted the position of president of St. Andrew’s Society of Montreal; in 1876 he was president of the Dominion Board of Trade; in 1876 and 1877 he was president of the Montreal Board of Trade; was the first president of the Dominion Travellers’ Association; has been the president of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company since 1876; and president of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada since its organization in 1880. In 1872 Mr. Robertson became one of the governors of the Montreal General Hospital, and since that period has filled the offices of treasurer, vice-president, and is now president. In 1879 he was elected chairman of the Board of Harbor Commissioners for Montreal, and he has occupied this position ever since. He has also taken an interest in military affairs, and in 1861, during the Trent excitement, he was first lieutenant and quartermaster of the Montreal Light Infantry Company. Mr. Robertson is an adherent of the Presbyterian church; and as for politics, we think he would rather act the part of the Good Samaritan than indulge in political discussions. He was married on the 19th April, 1850, to Agnes, youngest daughter of the late Alexander Bow, of Glasgow, and has had a family of four sons and six daughters, two of the latter are dead.

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=Rosebrugh, John Wellington=, M.D., Hamilton, Ontario, President of the Ontario Medical Association, 1887, and member of the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. This distinguished medical gentleman was born near Galt, in the county of Waterloo, Ontario, on the 5th November, 1828. His father was the late Thomas Rosebrugh, of Dumfries, who, when a lad of sixteen, took up his gun, went to the frontier, and fought for his young country at the battles of Lundy’s Lane and Queenston Heights. His grandfather was a U. E. loyalist. Dr. Rosebrugh received his early education at the schools of his neighborhood, the Galt High School and Victoria College. In 1850 he commenced the study of medicine under the Hon. Dr. Rolph, Dr. Joseph Workman, and others, afterwards called the Toronto School of Medicine; and later on the Medical department of the University of Victoria College. At the end of two years he passed his examination, and received his licence to practice from the Medical Board of Canada in 1852. He then went on to New York, attended an additional course of lectures at the University of New York city, from which institution he received the degree of doctor of medicine, in 1853. During his sojourn in New York, he faithfully followed up all the great advantages derivable from the lectures and clinics, and witnessed a large number of surgical operations in the hospitals of that city. Having a natural inclination for surgery, he cultivated his bent in that direction, and thus laid the foundation for his great success in after life. His career is an excellent example of what can be gained by one who sets before himself a high ideal of life, and the steadfast purpose and determination to rise to a useful and exalted position in his profession. Only force of character, unusual energy, and strenuous devotion to his high purpose could win such signal success as he has attained without the adventitious aids of an artificial society, professorships, or hospital appointments. Success is always a relative term, and is used appropriately only when employed to describe conditions in which effort guided by intelligence and skill to definite purpose accomplishes its aims. If this be true, then no physician in Canada to-day has a stronger claim to this distinction than the subject of this sketch, for his effort and perseverance have placed him in the front rank of his profession. He is a licentiate of the Canada Medical Board, 1852; M.D., University of New York city, 1853; M.D., University Victoria College, 1855; member of the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Ontario; member of the Ontario Medical Association; member of the Canada Medical Association; member of the British Medical Association; member of the International Medical Congress; honorary member of the American Medical Association; fellow of the British Gynecological Society; corresponding member of the Boston Gynecological Society, etc. It will thus be seen that he has already reached a higher degree of prominence in the medical profession of the country than has been the fortune of but few disciples of Æsculapius to enjoy. His success as a physician and surgeon is the fruit of hard work, persevering research and natural adaptability to his chosen profession. His cheerful presence is a blessing to any sick chamber, and his mild and gentle manners bring cheer and comfort to the suffering and desponding ones, while his quiet though earnest assurances of recovery infuse hope and joy into the desponding heart. He always had a penchant for surgery, and, besides his hospital practice during the time the railways were being constructed about Hamilton and Dundas, had quite a large experience in surgical operations, so that before he took up his specialty, he had the reputation of being an excellent general surgeon. His practice, however, during the last few years has gradually drifted more and more into gynecology and abdominal surgery. His great skill and wonderful success as an ovariotomist and abdominal surgeon, soon attracted the attention of his medical brethren, and they sent him the difficult cases which they did not wish to undertake themselves. In order to improve his knowledge as an abdominal surgeon, he has made frequent visits to the United States, Great Britain, and the continent of Europe. In this way he became practically acquainted with the methods of the most celebrated abdominal surgeons in the world, including Sir Spencer Wells, Thomas Keith, Lawson Tait, Granville Bantock, Knowsly Thornton, Carl Schrœder, and A. Martin. Dr. Rosebrugh commenced the practice of his profession in the town of Dundas, where he resided for a period of three years, and then accepted a partnership with Dr. Billings, of Hamilton. This co-partnership at the end of three years was dissolved by mutual consent, and Dr. Rosebrugh since that time has practised by himself. While residing in Dundas he was appointed coroner for the county of Wentworth, and after removing to Hamilton he was appointed coroner for the city, and, associated with the late Hon. H. B. Bull, he presided with noted ability and dignity at the celebrated inquest concerning the Desjardins Bridge accident, where about sixty persons were killed and a large number wounded. In 1858 he was appointed president of the Mechanics’ Institute, at that time and for some years subsequently a flourishing institution of the city. In the year 1860 he was elected a member of the city council, and immediately gave his particular attention to the reorganization of the city hospital system, which was at that time more a hole-and-corner concern, or a house of refuge, than a hospital. At first he met with a formidable opposition to all efforts at reform, but his personal popularity and influence gradually won over a majority of the friends of the old régime, and towards the end of his second year in the council he carried his by-law of reform. This by-law was so perfect in all its details that it stands to-day at the end of a quarter of a century, with scarcely an alteration. After carrying through his scheme, he remained in the council another year as chairman of the hospital committee, in order to get the new by-law into good working order. In educational matters he has always taken a deep interest, and for a number of years was a member of the Grammar and Public School Board. He was also one of the promoters, and is still a director of the Ladies’ College. He has always taken a lively interest and an active part in the great temperance movement, and is a liberal supporter of that cause. He was born and brought up in the Methodist Church, and has never left its fold. He was one of the promoters of the Centenary Church, and has held the office of trustee and steward from the time that church was erected. Dr. Rosebrugh is an active and enterprising member of the medical profession, determined from the beginning to keep fully abreast with the literature and knowledge of the times, taking the best medical journals and purchasing the newest books. He was one of the first elected under the new by-law as attending physician to the hospital, which he held as long as he wished, and was then chosen one of the consulting physicians. During the time of his service he was for some years chairman of the staff. He was one of the active founders of the Hamilton Medical and Surgical Society, which is still in a flourishing condition, and was president of the same. To him more than any one else belongs the honor of the formation of the Ontario Medical Association, as he was the first to urge the medical journals to write the matter up; and he attended the preliminary meeting in Toronto for the purpose of drafting the by-laws for the management of the same. This growing and flourishing association has now been in existence about seven years, and this year chose Dr. Rosebrugh president for 1887-8.

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=Lewis, William James=, M.D., Hillsborough, M.P.P. for Albert county, New Brunswick, was born in 1830, in Hillsborough, N.B. He is the eldest son of the Hon. John Lewis, member of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, and Lavinia Lewis. His father’s ancestors emigrated from Wales about 1750, and settled in New York. Being United Empire loyalists, they left the United States at the close of the revolutionary war in 1783, and took up their abode in Moncton, New Brunswick, where a good many of their descendants are still to be found. His mother’s ancestors came from Londonderry, Ireland, over a hundred years ago and settled in the Maritime provinces. Mr. Lewis was first educated in the common schools of the parish where he was born, and afterwards at Sackville Academy, Westmoreland county, New Brunswick. Having chosen the medical profession, he went over to Scotland and studied medicine at the Glasgow University, where he graduated with honors in 1855, and also at the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh in May of the same year. On his return to Hillsborough he began the practice of his profession, and has continued there ever since, having built up a lucrative business. For the last twenty-five years he has held the position of coroner for Albert county. In 1878 he entered political life, and was at the general election of that year returned as a member of the House of Assembly of New Brunswick; re-elected at the general election of 1882, and again at the general election of 1886. In 1882 he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and took office without a portfolio in the Harrington-Landry administration, but resigned with his colleagues in February, 1883. In politics, Dr. Lewis is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion, following in the footsteps of his parents, his sympathies are with the Baptist church. He has been twice married; first, in 1877, to Melissa, daughter of Richard E. Steever, postmaster of Hillsborough. She died in October, 1882, without issue. He was again married in August, 1885, to Catharine Duffy, daughter of the late John Duffy, of Hillsborough, N.B., and has issue a daughter.

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=Daly, Thomas Mayne=, M.P., Barrister, Brandon, Manitoba, was born on the 16th August, 1852, at Stratford, Ontario. He is the second son of the late Thomas Mayne Daly, by his wife Helen McLaren Ferguson, a native of Crieff, Perthshire, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1844 with her father, the late Peter Ferguson, of Stratford, architect. He is a grandson of the late Lieut.-Colonel I. C. W. Daly, who settled in Stratford in 1832, and who was for many years after agent of the Canada Company, and also of the Bank of Upper Canada in Stratford. He was a member of the first council of the district of Huron in 1842, and he was also the first mayor of Stratford (1858). He died on the 1st April, 1878, in the eighty-third year of his age, being at the time of his death the oldest militia officer, magistrate and coroner in the whole of the country formerly comprising the old Huron district, and now comprising the counties of Huron, Perth and Bruce. The history of the last half century of his life is very intimately connected with the history of the old “Huron Tract.” Thomas Mayne Daly, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born at Hamilton, Ontario, in 1827, and died at Stratford 5th March, 1885. He was educated at Upper Canada College, Toronto. He entered public life in 1848, being elected in that year as a district councillor from Downie, in the Huron district. In 1850 he was elected first reeve of North East Hope, and was mayor of Stratford during the years 1869, and 1876-77 and ’78. He was the first representative sent to the Legislative Assembly of Canada from the county of Perth after its organization as a separate county in 1854. He was again elected in 1857, over the Hon. Wm. McDougall. He was defeated at the general election, 1861, by the Hon. M. H. Foley, but that gentleman having been also elected for South Waterloo, he resigned his seat for Perth, and at the election which followed Mr. Daly was returned in opposition to the late Robert Macfarlane, who, however, defeated him at the next general election. At the first election after confederation, the county being then divided into two ridings, Mr. Daly unsuccessfully opposed James Redford for North Perth; but at the general election in 1872 he defeated Mr. Redford, and was government “whip” during the celebrated “Pacific Scandal” session at Ottawa, and the mover of the adjournment of the debate the night previous to the resignation of the Macdonald-Cartier administration. Mr. Daly in 1874 was elected for North Perth to the Ontario legislature, and sat out the term of the second parliament. Having been defeated for the local legislature at the general provincial elections of 1875, he was tendered the Conservative nomination for North Perth at the general Dominion election in 1878, but declined for private reasons, and then retired from public life. Thomas Mayne Daly, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the Upper Canada College in Toronto. Having adopted law as a profession he was admitted to the Ontario bar in Michaelmas term, 1876, and began practice in the city of Stratford, Ontario, on 10th January, 1877, and continued until May, 1881, when he removed to Manitoba, and took up his residence in Brandon in that province, on the 18th July, 1881. Here he has resided ever since, and is now the senior member of the firm of Daly & Coldwell, barristers, etc. Mr. Daly was among the pioneer settlers of Brandon; and was the returning officer at the first general election held in the district for the local legislature in October, 1881, and was also returning officer for the first municipal election in the county of Brandon in December of the same year. In 1882 he was elected the first mayor of the city of Brandon; and was re-elected to the same office in 1884. He was chairman of the Western Judicial District Board of Manitoba, 1884. He is a bencher of the Law Society of Manitoba, and a member of the Protestant Board of Education of that province. He was president of the first Conservative Association formed in Brandon in July, 1882; is now vice-president for Selkirk of the Conservative Union of Manitoba, and president of the Liberal-Conservative Association of the county of Brandon. During Mr. Daly’s residence in Ontario he took an active part in public affairs, and was for several years quartermaster of the 28th Perth battalion of militia, and retired from the service in 1881 with the rank of captain. He occupied the office of president of the Young Men’s Conservative Association, which was formed in Stratford in 1878, and during the years 1880-81 he held a seat in the town council of Stratford; and was a member of, and subsequently became the chairman of, the school board of that place. In politics Mr. Daly is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Church of England. He was married on the 4th of June, 1879, at Stratford, Ontario, to Margaret Annabella, eldest daughter of P. R. Jarvis.

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=Borden, Frederick William=, B.A., M.D., M.P., Canning, Nova Scotia, was born on the 14th May, 1847, at Canard, Kings county, N.S. His father, Jonathan Borden, M.D. (whose great grandfather, Samuel Borden, was one of the original grantees of the township of Cornwallis, in the reign of King George III., A.D. 1764), practised medicine at Canard for thirty years. Maria Frances Brown, his mother, was a descendant on the maternal side from the family of Major Dennison, one of the agents from Connecticut who in May, 1759, visited the districts of Grand Pré and Canard, in Kings county, from which the Acadians had been expatriated, with a view to re-settling the said districts with a colony from that state. Her brother, Dr. E. L. Brown, sat in the legislature of Nova Scotia from 1847 till 1859, and from 1863 till 1871, having been defeated in 1859 by another brother, J. L. Brown, who held the seat until 1863. Both parents are dead. Mr. Borden graduated in arts at the University of King’s College, Windsor, N.S., in June, 1866, and at Harvard University in medicine in July, 1868. He was a member of King’s College University Rifle Corps; was appointed assistant surgeon of the 68th battalion active militia 22nd October, 1869, surgeon on the 22nd October, 1879, and principal medical officer of the brigade camp at Aldershot in September, 1887. Dr. Borden has been agent of the Bank of Nova Scotia at Canning since September, 1882. He was elected to represent Kings county in the House of Commons at Ottawa in February, 1874; and re-elected in September, 1875. He was an unsuccessful candidate in June, 1882, but was again elected in February, 1887, by a majority of 448 votes. The doctor has practised his profession (medicine) continuously at Canning since September, 1869, whither he had removed from Canard (the old homestead), about four miles distant. He married, first, Julia Maude Clarke, on 1st October, 1873. She died April 2nd, 1880. He married again, on June 12th, 1884, Bessie Blanche Clarke, daughter of John H. Clarke, of Canning, N.S. Her mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Tupper, and she was a daughter of Augustus Tupper, who contested Kings county several times unsuccessfully for a seat in the Nova Scotian Assembly, and who was an uncle of Sir Charles Tupper.

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=Silver, William Chamberlain=, President of the Chamber of Commerce, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on December 3rd, 1814. He is a son of William Nyren Silver, of Port Lee, Hampshire, of the Silvers of Ropley, Whitechurch, Southampton, England; and of Elizabeth Chamberlain, whose family left New England at the close of the revolutionary war. Mr. Silver received his education at the Halifax Academy. When only twenty years of age he served as a colour sergeant in the Light Infantry volunteers, and participated in the military display held in honour of the coronation of Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, in 1838. He went early into business, and only of late years relaxed his habit of constant application, so far as to spend the summer months with his family, at a beautiful spot about six miles from Halifax, known as River Bank, overlooking a long reach of Little Salmon River, a stream well stocked with sea trout and salmon. This place was for a long time the country seat of his father, and here Mr. Silver, when young, naturally developed a strong penchant for the “gentle art,” and became a devoted disciple of Izaak Walton. Although he has taken a close interest in politics, and been repeatedly pressed to accept nominations for the Local and Dominion legislatures, as well as for the mayoralty of his native city, yet, in consequence of lack of robust health, and the heavy demands on his time of other public and private duties, he has invariably declined. Mr. Silver, throughout the whole course of his life, has incessantly laboured in the ranks of the temperance reformers, and his name has stood prominent in every fresh effort to advance a cause he has so much at heart. He joined the order of the Sons of Temperance soon after its introduction into Nova Scotia, and in 1882 the brotherhood conferred upon him the office of grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of Nova Scotia. He has served as president of the Halifax School Association, an association which carried to a successful issue the object for which it was formed, viz., the establishment of a public high school, the elevation of the standard of education in the city schools, and the securing of equal rights to all in the educational system. For many years he was vice-president of the Halifax Chamber of Commerce, and as chairman of the Internal Trade Committee, he, with others, took an active part in urging the government to base the tariff of the Intercolonial Railway Company on principles adapted to national development, as distinguished from trade principles. Mr. Silver also served as chairman of the Joint Committee of Citizens and the Chamber of Commerce, whose urgent representations to the government of the great importance of extending the Intercolonial Railway to a more central point of the city than the Richmond terminus, of the necessity for building a deep water terminus and grain elevator, and of landing the British mails at Halifax instead of Portland, contributed largely to the accomplishment of these objects. Since 1884 Mr. Silver has been president of the Chamber of Commerce. For many years he acted as treasurer, and is now president of the Halifax Western Agricultural Society, and was always an active promoter of the industrial and agricultural exhibitions held in Halifax from time to time. For about twenty years he has been treasurer of the Institute of Natural Science, a society whose useful work is well known, and whose valued publications are widely distributed through the scientific world. He has also filled the office of president of the St. George’s Society, and for some years was vice-president of the Halifax Library (eventually transferred to the city). For many years he has been president of the Halifax Medical Dispensary, and vice-president of the School for the Blind of the Maritime provinces. In politics he was a Conservative up to the time of confederation, when he joined the Liberals in opposing it. After the Hon. Joseph Howe’s return from England, when it became clear that repeal was impossible, he accepted the situation, and returned to the ranks of the Conservatives, but on the unearthing of the Pacific scandal he again changed sides. He took no part in the recent attempts to separate Nova Scotia from the confederation. Mr. Silver has travelled a good deal. In January, 1840, he sailed from Halifax for Liverpool in the barque Corsair, steam navigation at that date being still in its infancy. After a succession of heavy gales the ship was cast away near the mouth of the Mersey river, when Mr. Silver and the other passengers were saved by a lifeboat. On other occasions he has visited Europe with Mrs. Silver, and in 1879 spent part of the summer in that garden of England, the Isle of Wight. He has been a member of the Church of England from childhood, but has always been found working shoulder to shoulder for the common good with members of other religious bodies. He has acted as representative of the church, first in the Diocesan Church Society, and in later years both in the local and provincial synods, the latter of which holds its sessions in Montreal. Among other offices connected with church work, he filled the post of vice-president of the British and Foreign Bible Society; president of the Halifax Church Institute; vice-president of the Young Men’s Christian Association; chairman of the Church Endowment Fund; vice-president of the Alumni of King’s College; and governor of the same university. In 1885 he took part in an effort to confederate the colleges of Nova Scotia, which, however, failed to effect the object aimed at. Mr. Silver was married on the 2nd September, 1840, to Margaret Ann, daughter of Benjamin Etter, of “Bellevue,” Halifax, N.S. Mrs. Silver’s mother was the daughter of a loyalist (and also Mr. Silver’s mother). They left fortune and position in New England at the close of the war of independence to follow the British standard to Nova Scotia. Eight sons and five daughters were the fruit of this union, all of whom are still living save two. Three of his sons are associated with him in business; one, a graduate of Kings College and a LL.B. of Harvard University Law Faculty, is practising law in Halifax; and another is preparing for the medical profession at the University of Edinburgh. One of his daughters is the wife of John Y. Payzant, solicitor; another is married to Rev. John Morton, organizer of a most extensive and successful missionary enterprise in the island of Trinidad, British West Indies.

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=Murphy, Martin=, Civil Engineer, Halifax, Nova Scotia, second son of Thomas Murphy, contractor, was born at Ballindaggin, near Enniscorthy, county Wexford, Ireland, on the 11th November, 1832. He received his education at the best schools in his native county; and having selected engineering as a profession, he has been employed without intermission as a civil engineer and contractor from 1852 to the present time. When only nineteen years, of age he joined the engineering staff of the late William Dargan, and continued in the same employment for eleven years. During this period his practice extended over the various public works of the time constructed by Mr. Dargan throughout Ireland. At the age of twenty-four he was engineer and manager of railway construction, and at thirty was resident engineer of the Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway, then in operation to Enniscorthy, in which position he continued until he came to America in 1868. He was employed during 1869 and 1870 as engineer for extension of streets and sewerage in the city of Halifax; then for the next two years in making surveys for the extension of railways in Nova Scotia. For the next four years he was contractor on the Intercolonial Railway of Canada. He was appointed provincial government engineer for the province of Nova Scotia in 1876, a position which he still holds. In Nova Scotia he exercised supervision over the construction of the Western Counties, the Eastern Extension, and the Spring Hill and Parrsboro’ railways, now in operation, and the Nova Scotia Central and Maccan and Joggins railways, now being constructed. He was consulted by the colonial government of Newfoundland respecting railways. He has replaced nearly all the old wooden bridges of the province of Nova Scotia with permanent structures of stone, concrete and iron, and is now urging a system of road-making and maintenance. Mr. Murphy is a member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers; a member of the council of the Institute of Natural Science of Nova Scotia; and also the author of several engineering papers. In 1861 he married Maria Agnes Buckley, youngest daughter of Cornelius Buckley, of Banteer, county Cork, Ireland.

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=Barclay, Rev. John=, D.D., Presbyterian Minister, and honorary Chaplain of the St. Andrew’s Society of Toronto, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and died at Toronto on the 27th September, 1887, in his seventy-fifth year. He came to Canada in 1842, and in December of the same year was inducted pastor of the St. Andrew’s Church, then on the corner of Church and Adelaide streets, Toronto. He retained the pastorate of this church until 1870, when he was succeeded by the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell. Shortly after this event the congregation divided, the majority going west to the new church erected on the corner of King and Simcoe streets; and the remainder, after a few more years occupation of the venerable church edifice, also removed to a handsome church erected on the corner of Jarvis and Carlton streets, the old pile being then removed to give place to a block of new buildings. During his lifetime Rev. Dr. Barclay was one of the business men of the church, and for some years clerk of the presbytery; a member of the Temporalities Board; a trustee of Queen’s College; and withal an ardent curler. In 1855 the University of Glasgow conferred upon him the degree of D.D. He was not in good health for some time previous to his death. The deceased gentleman began immediately after his arrival in this country to take an active interest in curling, and many of his friends remonstrated with him at that time, considering it unbecoming a clergyman to indulge in such recreation; but he maintained that the mind and body were only strengthened by such invigorating exercise as the participation in this sport afforded, and now-a-days there are many enthusiastic curlers in the ministry. About seven years ago a controversy arose in the Ontario branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club, as to whether the Ontario branch should cut loose altogether from the older institution. James Russell proposed that the Ontario branch should retain its connection with the R.C.C.C., on condition that it be permitted to make its own laws and regulations, and spend its money in the way best calculated to promote curling in Ontario. Dr. Barclay strongly opposed any change from the original arrangement, by which the Ontario branch was subservient to the R.C.C.C., but after a struggle, Mr. Russell’s idea was adopted. Dr. Barclay was chaplain of the Toronto Club for many years, and of the Ontario branch since its formation. He made many friends in the city of his adoption during his long and useful career, and his remains were conveyed to their last resting place accompanied by a large concourse of his acquaintances.

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=Laviolette, Hon. Joseph Gaspard=, Montreal, M.L.C. for the Division of De Lorimier, is a son of the late Lieut.-Colonel Laviolette, of St. Eustache, county of Two Mountains, and Madame Adelaide Lemaire, St. Germain, and was born at St. Eustache, on the 2nd March, 1812. After attending the primary schools of his native town, he was sent to the College of Montreal to complete his education, and went through a thorough course of classical studies. He is seignior of the seigniory of Sherrington, county of Napierville, and holds a commission of lieutenant-colonel in the militia. He was appointed census commissioner by the government of Canada in 1860, and again in 1870 by the same government. He has occupied the post of warden of the county of Napierville, and was also elected mayor of the town, and held a commission of justice of the peace and commissioner for the summary trial of small causes. Hon. Mr. Laviolette has always been an active politician and a supporter of the Conservative party. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec, in 1876, for the division of De Lorimier. For several years he was a director of the Montreal and Champlain Railway. He was married twice, the first time to Célanire, a daughter of the late Lieut.-Colonel Portelance, M.P.P.; the second time to Corine, a daughter of André Bédard, N.P., brother to Justice Bédard. He has a family of six children, two sons and four daughters; one son is a merchant in San Francisco, Cal., the other a druggist and M.D., in Montreal; three sons-in-law: A. Bélaire, merchant, of St. Eustache, J. Girouard, M.D., of Longueuil, A. Marsolais, M.D., of Montreal, and the late L. N. Duverger, merchant, of Montreal.

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=Campbell, Francis Wayland=, M.A. (Bishop’s College), M.D. (McGill), L.R.C.P. (London, England), was born in the city of Montreal, where he still resides, on the 5th November, 1837. His father, the deceased Rollo Campbell, for many years carried on the business of printer and publisher, and was the proprietor of The Pilot, a political newspaper that exerted a great influence in its day. This gentleman was born at Dunning, Perthshire, Scotland, and settled in Canada many years ago. He could trace his descent as far back as 1670, there being in the village in which he was born a stone cottage, with a slab over the doorway with the initials engraven thereon of “R. C. and J. F., 1670,” these letters standing for “Rollo Campbell” and “Janet Fenton,” and from this pair Dr. Campbell has sprung. On the maternal side, Dr. Campbell’s mother was Elizabeth Steel, who was a native of Kilwinning, Scotland. He received his general education at the Baptist College, Montreal; his medical education he received at McGill University, in the same city, graduating in 1860, and subsequently at the universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and finally at London, where he took the English qualification of licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. On his return to Montreal he commenced practice, and has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In 1872 Dr. Campbell joined with the late Drs. David and Smallwood, and Drs. Hingston and Trenholme, in organizing the present medical faculty of Bishop’s College in Montreal, and he was appointed professor of physiology, and registrar. These offices he filled till 1882, when, on the death of Dr. David, he was chosen to fill the chair of practice of medicine, and elected dean of the faculty, both of which positions he still fills. Dr. Campbell represents Bishop’s College in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec; and for the last seven years has been the secretary of this—the licensing board of that province. He is a physician to the Montreal General Hospital, and to the Western Hospital. This latter is at present the only hospital in Canada devoted to the diseases of women. Although others were connected with him in the early organization of this hospital corporation, its equipment, and its actual commencement of work, was due to Dr. Campbell, who assumed its rental, organized its committee, and, till self-sustaining, supplied for two years a considerable amount of money to sustain it. He is a consulting physician to the Montreal Dispensary. Dr. Campbell is known as one of the best life insurance medical men in the Dominion. Since 1868 he has been an examiner for the New York Life, and two years ago was given charge, by this company, of all its medical matters in Canada. His work with this company occupies much of his time. He is also the chief medical officer of the Citizens’ Life and Accident Company of Montreal; this he has held for over eight years. Dr. Campbell takes a deep interest in the volunteer movement, and his record as a volunteer is one of which any man might be proud. He is surgeon of B. company Infantry School Corps, permanent militia, and was lately promoted surgeon-major after twenty years service as surgeon. He joined No. 2 company of Montreal Independent Rifles as a private in the summer of 1855, at the age of sixteen years. In 1858, when it formed No. 2 company of the 1st Battalion Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada, he became hospital sergeant of the battalion. In May, 1860, on his graduation as M.D., he was gazetted its assistant surgeon, and in 1866 served with it (then become the 1st Prince of Wales Rifles) on the eastern frontier during the Fenian raid. On the 6th October, 1866, he was gazetted surgeon of the regiment, and again served with it at Pigeon Hill and St. John’s, Quebec, during the Fenian raid of 1870. He continued as surgeon of the Prince of Wales Rifles till the 21st December, 1883, when he was transferred to the permanent force as surgeon of Infantry School Corps. On leaving the Prince of Wales Rifles, with which he had been connected for twenty-eight years, Dr. Campbell addressed a letter to his brother officers, in which he made a statement such as few men in the force could make, viz.: that up to that date, during his entire connection with it, the regiment had never turned out, either for active service or holiday parade, that he had not been with them. What this means can only be fully appreciated by those who know the large amount of varied service which the Prince of Wales Rifles have performed. Dr. Campbell is a past master of Victoria lodge, late C.R., A. F. and A. M., and now an active member of Royal Albert lodge. He is president of the Upsalquitch Salmon Club, holding a lease on the Restigouche river, in New Brunswick, and is an enthusiastic salmon fisherman. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and a member of the Junior Conservative Association of Montreal. He has travelled a good deal, having crossed the Atlantic twelve times, and been over most of the European continent. In religious matters he is a Baptist. He was married in October, 1861, in Greenock, Scotland, to Agnes Stuart Rodger, of the same town. Her maternal grandfather, Walter Washington Buchanan, was born at Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A., and was christened in General Washington’s arms, Kosciusko and Lafayette being his godfathers. On Washington’s death, he bequeathed to him his camp knives and forks, which are now in possession of Mrs. Campbell’s brother, Walter Washington Buchanan Rodger, of Bagatelle, Greenock. In Dr. Buchanan’s early life he was an intimate playmate of Washington Irving, and the two have often rolled hoops around New York city. He subsequently entered the American navy, and was afterwards professor of midwifery in Columbia College, New York. While in the navy he served under Commodore Sands, and was on Lake Ontario during the war of 1812. He subsequently inherited property in Scotland, and removed thither, where he died.

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=Park, William A.=, Newcastle, M.P.P. for the County of Northumberland, New Brunswick, was born at Douglastown, Miramichi, N.B. on the 27th June, 1853. His father, William Park, a merchant in Newcastle, N.B., is a native of Dumfries, Scotland, who settled in Miramichi about five years before the great fire of 1825, and engaged extensively in the milling and lumbering business. His mother, Margaret McLaggan, is a native of New Brunswick, and is a daughter of the late Alexander McLaggan, of Blackville, Northumberland, N.B. William A. Park, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the Presbyterian Academy, Chatham, and at Harkin’s Seminary in Newcastle. He studied law as a profession; was admitted as an attorney for New Brunswick in April, 1875, and called to the bar of the same province in April, 1876. He carries on his practice in Newcastle, and does a good business. For some time Mr. Park was connected with the volunteer militia, but of late years his numerous other engagements have precluded him from taking an active interest in the force. From 1876 to 1879 he was a municipal councillor for Newcastle; and was warden of the county of Northumberland in 1877. In 1882, at the general election held that year, he was elected to the New Brunswick legislature for Northumberland county, and was again returned at the general election in 1886. Mr. Park is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and has always supported the policy of the Dominion government, led by Sir John A. Macdonald. In religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church.

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=Inch, James R.=, M.A., LL.D., Sackville, New Brunswick, President of the University of Mount Allison College, Sackville, is one of the veteran educationists of Canada, having been engaged in the work of teaching for the last thirty-seven years. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. His parents, Nathaniel Inch and Anne Armstrong, emigrated from the neighbourhood of Enniskillen to New Brunswick in 1824, and settled in Petersville, Queens county, where the subject of this sketch, the youngest of eight children, was born on the 29th of April, 1835. His early education was in the district school of his native place and at the High School of Gagetown, the county town. In 1850, after attendance at the St. John Training School, he received the license of a first-class teacher. After spending three years in the Public school service, he accepted in 1854 a situation at Mount Allison Academy, an institution founded by the late C. F. Allison, at Sackville, and then under the principalship of the Rev. H. Pickard, D.D. In 1862 Mount Allison College was organized with university powers. Mr. Inch entered the junior-class, and took his B.A. degree in 1864, and M.A. three years later. Upon receiving the baccalaureate degree in 1864, he was called to the charge of the Ladies’ Academy, at that time without financial resources, heavily burdened with debt, and having but a slight hold upon public confidence. In the arduous and important work of building up this branch of the Mount Allison institutions he laboured for fourteen years, and not without marked success; for when in 1878 he was elected to the presidency of the college, he left the Ladies’ Academy in a high state of efficiency, the buildings having been renovated, greatly enlarged and refurnished, the debt paid, and the public confidence and patronage fully secured. Before entering upon the duties of the presidency and of the chair of philosophy and logic, he was honoured by his alma mater with the degree of LL.D. As president of the college, Dr. Inch has been obliged, in addition to his professional duties, to devote much of his time and energy to the work of extending and strengthening the material resources of the institution. Under his régime, besides many general improvements, the endowment fund has been increased, by about one hundred thousand dollars, and a handsome stone university building erected at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars. In 1876 the government of Nova Scotia appointed Dr. Inch a Fellow of the University of Halifax, a degree-conferring university, modelled after the University of London, and intended to consolidate university education in the province of Nova Scotia. The University of Halifax, from causes which need not be here mentioned, had but a brief existence; yet during its organization and its subsequent history, Dr. Inch, as a member of the Senate and examiner in mental science and logic, rendered it loyal and valuable service. In 1880, accompanied by his daughter, Dr. Inch spent three months in Europe, travelling extensively in England, Scotland, Ireland, Holland, Germany, France, and Switzerland. In crossing the Atlantic the steamship Anchoria, in which he had taken passage, when about three hundred miles from Sandy Hook, came into collision, during a dense fog, with the steamship Queen, both vessels being under full headway. The Anchoria was struck abaft the foremast and cut down nearly to the keel; the Queen, though not so badly damaged as the Anchoria, had her bow completely demolished and her forward compartment opened to the waves. The Anchoria’s passengers hastily took to the boats, were transferred to the Queen, and brought in safety back to New York. More than a thousand human beings, many of them women and children, were by this accident placed for hours in deadly peril, and yet, through the mercy of Providence, not a life was lost. It is doubtful whether the records of ocean disaster furnish a parallel case. Dr. Inch is an active member of the Methodist church, and a member of the General Conference Special Committee, to whose care the general interests of the denomination are entrusted during the interim between the conference sessions. As representative of his district he has attended all the general conferences except the first—at Montreal in 1878, at Hamilton in 1882, at Belleville in 1883, and at Toronto in 1886. He is also a member of the Board of Management of the Church Educational Society, and lay treasurer of the fund for supernumerary ministers. In 1886 he was elected vice-president for the province of New Brunswick of the American Institute of Christian Philosophy. Dr. Inch was married in 1854 to Mary Alice Dunn, of Keswick, York county, and has one daughter, now the wife of Prof. Sidney W. Hunton, of Mount Allison University.

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=Evanturel, Francis Eugene Alfred=, LL.B., St. Victor d’Alfred, M.P.P. for Prescott, was born at Quebec, on 31st August, 1849. He is the eldest son of the Hon. Francis Evanturel, who was minister of agriculture in the Macdonald-Sicotte administration in 1862. His grandfather, François Evanturel, after serving in the French army under Napoleon Bonaparte, when he took part in some of his great battles, emigrated to Canada and settled in Quebec, where he died. Mr. Evanturel received his education at the Seminary of Quebec, and after completing his classical studies at that institution, followed the law course of Laval University, graduated B.A. and LL.B. in 1870, and was admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec in January, 1872. He then entered into partnership with the late Judge McCord, and they practised for a year under the firm name of McCord & Evanturel. At that period he was offered a position in the civil service at Ottawa; he accepted and removed to the latter city, where he remained for several years. During his residence in Ottawa he took a prominent part in the organization of the Institut-Canadien and St. Jean Baptiste Society. He was elected school trustee in 1874, for the most important ward—Wellington—of Ottawa, and held the position for two years. In 1878 he resigned his position in the civil service and removed to Prescott county, where the French population was fast coming to the front, and had no interpreter before the public and the courts. In 1883 he presented himself to the electorate of the county of Prescott, for the Provincial legislature, against Mr. Hagar, the old member, and was defeated by a few votes. At the last general election, however (December, 1886), he again entered the field against James Molloy, and was elected by a majority of 200, as a supporter of the Mowat administration. Mr. Evanturel had always been a supporter of the Tory party until that period, but the savage attacks of the Mail upon the French Canadians and the Catholics of the country, coupled with the intolerance and bigotry displayed by a certain portion of the population of Ontario, caused him to sever his connection with the Conservatives, and become an out-and-out Liberal. He did effective work in the county of Ottawa during the by-election held in that county in September, 1887, and it was largely due to his exertions that Mr. Rochon, mayor of Hull, was elected to the legislature of Quebec by an immense majority (over 1,200), as a supporter of the Mercier cabinet. Mr. Evanturel, who is a distinguished English scholar, and an eloquent and forcible speaker, had the honor to be chosen by the Hon. Mr. Mowat to second the address in reply to the speech from the Throne, at the opening of the session of 1887, of the Ontario legislature. The speech he delivered on this occasion was highly praised, even by the newspapers which are the bitterest foes of the race he so ably represents in the legislature. A couple of obscure sheets tried to cast aspersions on his able effort, and yet the manly and independent stand he took forced the admiration of all, and he was accorded “British fair play,” in the broadest sense of the term, by almost the entire community of Ontario. He was also greatly admired for his attitude on the home rule question when it was brought up in the legislature during the same session. Having inherited the chivalrous nature of his ancestors, he could not see a people oppressed without raising his voice on their behalf. Mr. Evanturel has a bright future before him, and the capabilities he displayed on the threshold of his parliamentary career will soon bring him to the front rank of the able politicians of the country, and he will thus enjoy the pre-eminence attained by his father in Canadian politics. He was invited by the French societies of the counties of Essex, Russell, Glengarry, etc., to deliver orations on important occasions. As a writer, Mr. Evanturel is well known, having contributed several articles on political topics to the English and French press, and at the present time he is editor-in-chief of L’Interpréte, a newspaper published at Alfred, Ontario, in the interests of the French population of Eastern Ontario. In 1873 he married Louisa Lee, granddaughter of the late Justice Van Felson, judge of the Superior Court for the district of Montreal, by whom he has issue two children, one son and one daughter.

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=Jolliffe, Rev. William John=, B.C.L., Methodist Minister, Quebec city, was born in Liskeard, Cornwall, England, on the 22nd December, 1846. His father, John Jolliffe, who was born in Liskeard, was reared in the Church of England, but when a young man joined the Methodist denomination. His mother, Ann Berbeck Vyvyan, was a native of Plymouth, in Devonshire, England. She died in 1873. The Rev. Mr. Jolliffe’s father, intending his son to follow business, educated him in the public and private schools of his native place, the former of which he left when thirteen years of age. But young Jolliffe, having a strong impression that he would some day enter the ministry, and, being very fond of reading, his further studies were pursued with that end in view. On his eighteenth birthday he preached his first sermon. While preparing to enter the ministry in England he was induced by the late Rev. Mr. Saunders, then of Oshawa, Ontario, who was at that time on a visit to Britain, to come out to Canada. Accordingly he left his native land, and landed in Quebec in November, 1868. Proceeding west he was appointed a junior preacher in the Bowmanville circuit, the Rev. Richard Whiting, now an ex-president of the Montreal Conference, being his first superintendent. He was ordained in London, Ontario, in June, 1873, the Rev. Dr. Rice being the president of the conference. While stationed in Montreal the Rev. Mr. Jolliffe entered McGill University as a law student, and graduated in 1882 with the degree of B.C.L. For some time he was stationed at Coaticooke, a growing town in the Eastern Townships, province of Quebec; and is now pastor of the Methodist Church in the ancient capital. He is also chairman of the Quebec district. The Rev. Mr. Jolliffe, we have no hesitation in saying, is a minister of very superior abilities, “rightly dividing” and clearly expounding the Word of God. He has been highly esteemed in every station he has occupied, and may be considered in every respect a fine example of what a Christian minister should be—faithful to duty, and most courteous in his intercourse with all classes of the community. He has been active in all good works, especially in the temperance movement, and been connected with the Sons of Temperance and the Good Templars. In politics he has always voted for the man and not the party. While in England he was allied with the Liberal party, and would still be if he were residing there, but in Canada his sympathies incline to the Conservative party. Rev. Mr. Jolliffe has two brothers in the Methodist ministry: the Rev. C. E. Jolliffe, now stationed in England, and the Rev. E. Jolliffe, a missionary in British Honduras. While a strong believer in the doctrines of the Methodist church, the Rev. Mr. Jolliffe is in favor of the extension of the pastoral term, and believes, as many others also do, that it would be in the interests of the church as a whole if the time-honored system of frequent changes were abolished. He was married on the 8th of July, 1874, to Clara Robinson, fifth daughter of Isaac Robinson, of Toronto.

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=Armstrong, Hon. James=, Q.C., C.M.G., Sorel, province of Quebec, son of Charles Logie Armstrong, descendant of a United Empire loyalist, and of Marjory Ferguson, daughter of Alexander Ferguson, of Restigouche, district of Gaspé, was born at Berthier, province of Quebec, in 1821. He was educated at Berthier and Sorel academies, and called to the Quebec bar, 1844. Mr. Armstrong was appointed Crown prosecutor for the district of Richelieu in 1864, and as such conducted the trial of Provencher, for the murder of Joutras, poisoned by strychnine, being the first case actually tried for such an offence in Canada, and when the “color test” of Messrs. Girdwood & Rogers was established. The Evening Telegraph of the 15th April, 1867, referring to the celebrated trial, said: “The crime was clearly proved on a trial of unusual length. We mention the matter particularly now to express in a marked manner our appreciation of the way in which the case was got up and conducted throughout for the Crown. Having followed it day by day, and carefully gone over the evidence since, we feel justified in saying that there has not been these twenty years in Lower Canada a criminal case of the magnitude and difficulty so carefully and thoroughly prepared, and so completely and convincingly placed before the jury. If it lacked the fire-work flashes of eloquence, to which too many criminal lawyers trust, it showed at every step of its long course the true genius, intelligence directing patient labor in mastering every difficulty, seeking for, finding, and welding into one chain the many far scattered and deep hidden links of evidence.” He was appointed chief justice of St. Lucia, West Indies, 1871, where the old French law was in force, and in 1880 to the chief justiceship of Tobago, which he held, conjointly with that of St. Lucia. He was created a companion of the most distinguished order of Saint Michael and Saint George in 1879. He is author of a “Treatise on the Law of Marriage of the Province of Quebec,” and of the “Law of Intestacy of the Dominion” (1886). In conjunction with Sir George William Desveaux, then governor, he prepared the civil code of St. Lucia, based in a great measure upon that of Quebec in civil matters, and succeeded in having laws passed by the legislature, enacting that the laws of England should prevail in commercial and criminal matters. He afterwards prepared a code of civil procedure. He received the thanks of the Legislative Council of St. Lucia “for the great service rendered by him in the preparation of the codes.” He resigned office in December, 1881. The governor, in announcing this to the Legislature, said: “He regretted to have to inform the Council that he had received a despatch from the Secretary of State, notifying him of the retirement of Chief Justice Armstrong, which he considered would be a serious loss to the colony.” The Legislature passed a vote of thanks embodying the opinion of the governor. In a despatch to the Earl of Kimberley, the governor wrote: “I cannot close this despatch without placing on record my appreciation of the invaluable services rendered to the colony by Mr. Armstrong during his term of office of chief justice,” and after mentioning Mr. Armstrong’s labors on the code and revision of the statutes, added: “Measures such as these will stamp Mr. Armstrong’s term of office as one which, whilst reflecting the greatest credit upon himself, will be remembered in this island as the inauguration of a new and more simple machinery for the administration of law and justice.” Mr. Armstrong was appointed, in 1886, by the Dominion government, a member of the commission for the purpose, among others, of inquiring into and reporting upon the subject of labor, its relation to capital, and to inquire into and report on the practical operations of courts of arbitration and conciliation in the settlement of disputes between employers and employees, and the best mode of settling disputes. He is married to Charlotte, daughter of the late Major Hercule Olivier, who was wounded in the engagement at Plattsburg, in 1812.

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=Steeves, Chipman Archibald=, Barrister, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Hillsborough, N.B., on the 28th of January, 1880. His father, Joseph A. Steeves, was descended from a German family, formerly called “Steiff,” a common name in Germany, who, after leaving Fatherland, resided for some time in Pennsylvania, and then made their home in New Brunswick a few years before the arrival of the U. E. loyalists. His mother, Rebecca Taylor, is of Irish descent, her people having come from the north of Ireland. Mr. Steeves was educated at the public schools in Albert county, and at the Baptist Seminary in Fredericton; and studied law with the present Judge Palmer, at St. John, N.B. He was admitted an attorney on the 21st October, 1876. In September, 1878, Mr. Steeves was appointed by the Mackenzie government official assignee under the Insolvency Act of 1875, for the county of Westmoreland, and this office he held until the repeal of the law. At present he is one of the school trustees for the town of Moncton, and is also a member of the Moncton town council. From early youth he has been connected with the temperance movement, though at this moment he is not a member of any of the existing temperance organizations. Mr. Steeves has travelled, accompanied by his wife, through portions of the United States and Europe, and has visited Rome and Naples, and been up Vesuvius and down into the Catacombs. He was brought up in the Baptist faith, and is a member of the Baptist church. On the 15th November, 1877, he was married, at St. John, N.B., to a daughter of Dr. W. Y. Theal, formerly of that city. This lady has a number of brothers and sisters, one of whom, George M. Theal, resides in, and fills a government position at, Cape Town, South Africa, and has written and published several works on the history, geography, and folk-lore of Africa, which have been adopted and used in public schools. Mr. Steeves has two brothers, who are masters of British iron steamers, and one sister, who is married, and resides in St. John, N.B.

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=Bourinot, John George=, LL.D., Ottawa, Honorary Secretary of the Royal Society of Canada, Fellow of the Statistical Society of London, Honorary Corresponding Secretary of the Royal Colonial Institute, Clerk of the House of Commons, Canada, and author of several important works and essays, was born at Sydney, Nova Scotia, on the 24th of October, 1836. He is a son of the late Hon. J. Bourinot, senator of the Dominion, and grandson of Judge Marshall, of Nova Scotia. His mother was a daughter of the late Judge Marshall, well-known as an advocate of temperance, and for his works on religious and social topics. His father’s family came originally from Normandy, were Huguenots, and settled in the Island of Jersey. The Marshalls were Irish originally. The father of Judge Marshall was a captain in the British army, and a loyalist. In his early days Mr. Bourinot received his intellectual training under the tutorship of the Rev. W. Y. Porter, at Sydney. The preceptor saw much promise in the lad, and often spoke highly of his quickness and perception, and of the strength of his intellectual grasp. When this period of tutorship was over, his father conceived the idea of sending him to the University of Trinity College, Toronto. At college young Bourinot distinguished himself, and he always was a prominent figure in his class. His industry frequently called forth admiration; and he secured the Wellington and other scholarships. When he left college he could not easily decide upon a calling. It was with the young graduate as it has been with all men possessed of a pervading literary instinct. He was restive, and looked with dissatisfaction at any course of life that promised only a drudgery and a routine, removed from the dear aspiration that was in him. The newspaper press has always afforded a sort of escapement for literary yearning; and as was quite natural to expect, to the newspaper press the young man attached himself in the meantime. He became parliamentary reporter and editor, continuing in such position for some time. Subsequently, in 1860, he established the Halifax Reporter, and was chief editor of that journal for a number of years. From 1861 to the year of confederation, Mr. Bourinot was likewise chief official reporter of the Nova Scotia Assembly. In 1863 he was appointed to the Senate as shorthand writer, and this office he retained until appointed second clerk assistant of the House of Commons, in April, 1873. In February, 1879, he was appointed first clerk assistant, and on the 18th of December, 1880, he became chief clerk of the House of Commons. Through the greater part of his life Mr. Bourinot has been a tireless literary worker, and his articles are remembered by all who take an interest in the discussion of important public questions. His essay on the “Intellectual Development of Canada,” which appeared in the pages of the “Canadian Monthly,” was a careful, elaborate and valuable treatise on the intellectual development of the colonies as an unwedded brotherhood, and of Canada subsequent to the union. He has contributed to many leading papers of this continent, to the Toronto Mail in its inception, and to the New York World. He was for years one of the best known contributors to the “Canadian Monthly.” His desire has always been to create a love for Canadian subjects. He has contributed papers to the Royal Colonial Institute, which have attracted much attention. One of these papers, which referred to the federation of the empire, was deemed so important that Justin McCarthy devoted a whole chapter of his “History of our Times” to its consideration. An article in “Blackwood” (to which he has been one of the very few Canadian contributors), on the “Progress of the New Dominion,” was reviewed by the London Times as “the best article that has yet appeared on the subject in a British periodical.” He has also written other papers in the “Westminster Review,” the “London Quarterly,” the “Scottish Review,” and other leading British periodicals, with the view of making Canada better known to the British world. A monograph on “Local Government in Canada,” which appeared in 1886, attracted much attention in England and Canada, and was reprinted in the series of historical and political science, which is published by the Johns Hopkins University, Maryland. Of late years he has devoted his leisure time for the most part to constitutional and parliamentary studies, and has written a large work on “The Practice and Procedure of Parliament, with a review of the origin and growth of parliamentary institutions in the Dominion of Canada,” which has been most favorably reviewed in England and Canada, and has already been accepted as a constitutional authority in every dependency of the Crown. The London Times, in a three-column review, wrote most approvingly of the work, and the Australian press has also noticed it in very eulogistic terms. Mr. Bourinot is an advocate of the grand idea of Imperial Federation, and a member of the executive committee appointed at a public meeting in Montreal, in May, 1885, with the object of promoting the scheme. In April, 1887, Mr. Bourinot received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Queen’s University, Kingston. Mr. Bourinot was married in October, 1865, to Emily Alden Pilsbury, daughter of the American consul at Halifax, who was distinguished for her remarkable beauty and many accomplishments. She died in September, 1887, amid the regrets of a very large circle of friends. She belonged to a well-known family of Maine, which is connected with that of the famous Governor Endicott, who played so important a part in the annals of the old colonial times of New England.

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=Moles, Robert George=, Arnprior, Ontario, was born in the township of Yonge, county of Leeds, on the 7th October, 1845. He is the youngest son of the late Edward Moles, Leeds county. Mr. Moles received his education in the public school of his township; and in 1866 he began business as a photographer in the city of Hamilton, and remained there until 1868, when he removed to Arnprior, in which place he has since resided and built up a good business. In 1873 he established the Art Union Copying Company, of which he was manager for several years; and did a large business throughout Canada in copying and enlarging portraits for the trade. In 1874 Mr. Moles took an active part in the establishment of Vivian lodge, No. 146, Independent Order of Oddfellows, of which he was a charter member, and was four times elected to represent it in the Grand Lodge of Ontario. He is also an active Freemason, and for several years held the position of master in Madawaska lodge, No. 196. Mr. Moles has been a member of the Arnprior Board of Education for the past fifteen years; and in 1884 and 1885 occupied a seat in the municipal council. In January, 1886, he was chosen reeve of Arnprior, and occupied the position with honour to himself and credit to the town. He has always been closely identified with every enterprise which has had for its object the improvement and advancement of the place in which he resides, and his fellow-citizens duly appreciate his work. In politics Mr. Moles is a Conservative, and is secretary of the South Renfrew Conservative Association. On the 20th March, 1866, he was married to Mary, youngest daughter of John Burgess, Hamilton, and has a family of six children, four daughters and two sons.

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=Doney, Charles=, Merchant, Ottawa, province of Ontario, was born at Lannevet, in Cornwall, England, on the 10th March, 1854. His father, William Doney, was one of the earliest railway contractors in Great Britain, and aided in the construction of most of the trunk lines in the west of England. He is at present one of the twenty-five individuals who receive a life pension from the Railway Association of Officers in Great Britain as a reward for distinguished railway services. This pension is granted by a majority of votes from the railway officers throughout the kingdom. His mother, Elizabeth Hawke, is descended from one of the oldest families and landed proprietors of Cornwall; her father being Thomas Hawke, of Tintagel, whose father was Thomas Hawke, of St. Kew. They owned estates in different parts of the county, and carried on business at (1) the Pollard Tucking Mills, weaving blankets; (2) the St. Tudy flouring mills; (3) the Polrade farms and the Soloden’s farm in the parish of St. Tudy; (4) the Trevilla farm in the parish of St. Teath; (5) the Fenteonadel farm, in the parish of St. Brewevard; (6) the Tippen farm, in the parish of Tintagel, near King Arthur’s castle; and (7) the Beslow farm, in the parish of Tintagel. Mr. Doney’s parents now reside in Plymouth, England. Charles Doney, the subject of our sketch, being of an adventurous and speculative turn of mind, decided against his parents’ wishes, to leave his native land, and sailed for America. Arriving in Canada on the 2nd of February, 1874, he went direct to the city of Ottawa, where he filled a humble position until November of the same year, when he decided to prepare himself for a commercial career. Entering the Ottawa Business College, after three months’ study, the shortest on record, he graduated, receiving a diploma. He then received the position of book-keeper and assistant manager of the Clarendon Hotel, Ottawa. He remained here nine months, and then was appointed, through the introduction of the late Hon. James Skead, caterer to the Senate of Canada. At the same time he received the appointment of steward of the steamer Queen Victoria, of the Ottawa River Navigation Company, which gave him employment during the summer months. Two years after the Queen Victoria was destroyed by fire, and then he made use of his time by travelling through the Western States and Canada, and spent some months studying the French language in the College of Ste. Thérèse, in the province of Quebec. In 1881 he resigned his position as caterer to the Senate for the purpose of entering into business as a retail shoe merchant, and opened a store at 65 Sparks street, Ottawa, where after three years he removed to his new and handsome store in the Scottish Ontario Chambers, 52 Sparks street. Within six years after this he placed himself at the head of the shoe business in Ottawa, being now president of the Ottawa Shoe Company, and proprietor of the store in the Scottish Ontario Chambers, which is recognized as being the leading shoe establishment in Ottawa. As a merchant, for his years, and without any other aid or capital to start him in his Canadian career, save youth and energy, he has certainly been remarkably successful; but as a writer he stands out unique. The talents which make a successful trader and those which tend to success in the field of literature are generally supposed to be diametrically opposed to each other, and they really are; yet he has demonstrated beyond dispute that he is possessed of both. In 1881 he started out in his career as a trader; in 1887 he is the recognized leader in his city of his particular line of trade. In May, 1886, he entered the field of “trade” literature in the United States. To-day, 1887, he is recognized and has fairly earned the recognition of being the first and best writer throughout the continent of America among shoe merchants. In the early part of 1886 the publishers of the Boot and Shoe Recorder, of Boston, the leading shoe paper of the United States, offered three prizes, first, second, and third, for the best essays from shoe merchants, on “How to Manage a Retail Shoe Store.” Mr. Doney was the first to reply, sending in his essay within four days after the prizes were offered. The Recorder acknowledged the receipt of the essay with many compliments, and decided to publish it in their next issue, May 19, 1886. From this day it can be fairly claimed that Mr. Doney has been famous throughout America as a writer upon shoe topics, and his name is continually in the ascendency. This competition went on for over five months, and although all the other writers had the advantage of reading Mr. Doney’s essay, and the president of the Shoe Dealers’ Association of the United States was among the competitors, yet by vote throughout the United States and Canada, the shoe merchants awarded Mr. Doney the first prize, giving to their president the second. The Boot and Shoe Recorder on June 8, 1887, forwarded to him a beautiful silver tea and coffee service of six pieces in recognition of first prize. Inscribed on the coffee pot are the words, “Presented to C. Doney for Prize Essay, 1886.” Mr. Doney is the only known shoe merchant holding a prize for a similar effort or for any other production in the field of literature throughout America. In his youth he always found pleasure in writing upon subjects beyond his years. When a boy of fourteen he wrote for self-amusement an essay upon the “Lord’s Supper,” which obtained quite a circulation among his private circle. During the time he held the position of caterer to the Senate, about 1877, he wrote a small temperance novel of one hundred pages, and published it some five years after it was written, its title being “John the Flunky.” This little work has many faults, some of them slightly ridiculous; but the book, as a boy’s mere free will effort, shows the bent of the author’s mind and undoubted mental capacity. He has completed a second novel which he intends to publish in 1888, and as G. W. Bengough has consented to illustrate it, we may infer that it is at least creditable. It will make a book of 244 pages, and with illustrations by Mr. Bengough, will become a volume of 275 pages. Its title is “David Morrice; or the Reunion of the Races.” Mr. Doney is a constant contributor to the Boot and Shoe Recorder, of Boston; the Shoe and Leather Review, of Chicago, and occasionally to The Merchant, of Toronto, and Leather Gazette, of St. Louis. The Review, of Chicago, pays him regularly for editorials for its shoe dealers’ department. As an inventor he is the possessor of two patents; one for a plate for the heel of a rubber shoe which it is generally conceded will bring him good returns. It is a simple device, but being a universal want in a climate such as Canada possesses, it has the merit of being an excellent commercial idea. The other is a plate for the heel of a leather boot or shoe. This plate will also in all probability become much used, as it is decidedly the best of its kind ever invented. We think it is not too much to predict for Mr. Doney a successful career.

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=Longworth, Hon. John=, Q.C., Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island. The Hon. Mr. Longworth, who died at Charlottetown, on the 11th of April, 1885, in the seventy-first year of his age, was born in Charlottetown, on the 19th September, 1814, and was a son of Francis Longworth, who came to the island when a young man, and during his residence there held many important and responsible offices. He was a member of a highly respectable Irish family, and married Agnes Auld, a native of Prince Edward Island, her parents being from Ayrshire, Scotland. Hon. Mr. Longworth received his education at the old Central Academy, Charlottetown, and studied law with Sir Robert Hodgson, when he was attorney-general of the province. He was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Court in the autumn of 1837, and was called to the bar in the autumn of the next year. He went to England for a year, and returning to Charlottetown, opened a law office there in 1840, and was created a Queen’s counsel on the 23rd of May, 1863. He served as a deputy judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court of the province, a member of the legislature for twelve years, a member of the government for eight years, at various times, as Queen’s counsel, and as attorney-general, with credit to himself and advantage to the country. The administration of which he was an influential member, first led by the Hon. Edward Palmer, now chief justice of the province, afterwards by the Hon. Colonel Gray, C.M.G., was a strong and able one, and during its existence many measures of great importance to the well being of the province were carried into effect. Amongst them was the purchase by the government of the Selkirk and Cunard estates, two of the largest and most valuable estates in the province, made upon terms highly favourable to the interests of the government and tenantry; and as a mark of the Queen’s approval of the general policy of the administration, Mr. Longworth and his colleagues, on their retirement in May, 1867, received Her Majesty’s special sanction and authority to retain the rank and title which they held as members of Her Executive Council. Mr. Longworth’s politics were Conservative, but it is well known that the acts and legislation of the present Dominion government, especially in connection with the Pacific Railway, and its trade or national policy, did not meet his approval, this policy being especially, in Mr. Longworth’s opinion, highly detrimental to the most vital interests of Prince Edward Island and the other Maritime provinces. The deceased gentleman was well known as a consistent and devoted member of St. Paul’s, Church of England. He was a man of sound Christian character, generous impulses, a kind friend to the unfortunate, and his career as a public and private member to the community, won for him the warm respect of all who had the pleasure of being intimately acquainted with him. He married in March, 1847, Elizabeth W. Tremaine, daughter of Richard Tremaine, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and by her had six children, of whom three died. He left a widow, two sons and one daughter to mourn his loss.

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=Hossack, William=, of Mount Pleasant, Quebec, was born in the ancient capital, on the 12th January, 1814, and has continued to reside there ever since. He is the eldest of twelve children of the late William Hossack, who for so many years was engaged in the grocery trade in Quebec. The Hossacks came to Quebec from Morayshire, Scotland, about the middle of last century, though their origin is Danish. For several generations the name has been a prominent one in Quebec in connection with the grocery trade, the family business being still in the hands of a member of the family, George Hossack, of Garden street. The subject of our sketch, after receiving a good English and commercial education at old Mr. Thom’s Academy, became associated with his father in business, and continued with him until he was in a position to start in life for himself. His first venture was in the leather trade, but the great fire of Quebec in 1845, which destroyed millions worth of property, destroyed Hossack’s tannery and warehouse, involving the young and enterprising owner of it in what seemed at one time the commercial ruin of the city. Nothing daunted, however, the young merchant set to work to recruit his fallen fortunes. A short time after the terrible calamity which befell his native city, he once more took to his father’s line of business, and soon forgot his first commercial drawback in the prosperity which began to smile on his new enterprise. After many years of close attention to his business, he eventually found himself in a position to retire on a competency. His inclinations had always been those of a careful reader of books and events, and now, when he found leisure on his hands, even while he had but yet attained to the prime of life, he determined to travel in Europe and Egypt, where for months he passed from city to city, visiting the scenes of historic interest, and deepening the impressions gained of such by desultory study. Even while busily engaged with his daily occupations as a business man, he was known to be one who was fond of what people call heavy reading; and he was now able to mature his native intelligence within the broader and deeper light of a personal experience with the scenes of which he had read. On his return to Quebec he began to take an active part in public affairs. For eight years he represented St. Louis ward in the city council, and was at the end of that period chosen mayor of Quebec, an office, however, which he held only for a short period, on account of some legal technicality in connection with his residing beyond the city limits. In addition to this high honor conferred upon him by his fellow councillors, he was for some time president of the St. Andrew’s Society, president of the Eastern Townships Colonization Society, and vice-president of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Few men have been more highly respected as a public man. Straightforward in his dealings, he has easily won and retained the confidence of those associated with him in conducting public business. At present he is president of the Quebec City Mission; vice-president of the Literary and Historical Society, and chairman of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners. These offices he has held for a long period of years. For fifteen years he fulfilled the duties of treasurer of Chalmers’ Church, Quebec, a congregation in which he is one of the most highly-respected members and adherents. Indeed, in every good work Mr. Hossack is always to be depended upon to take his share. In 1868 he married Helen, daughter of the late Philip Peebles, of Quebec. His youngest sister is married to William Cassils, one of Montreal’s most prominent citizens.

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=Smith, Robert Barry=, Barrister, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Portland, St. John, N.B., on the 15th May, 1852. His father was the Rev. William Smith, Wesleyan minister, who came to Nova Scotia from Nottingham, England, as a missionary, in 1827, and who died at St. Andrew’s, N.B., in 1862. His mother, Ellen Barry, was the fourth daughter of Robert Barry, who went to Virginia in one of the king’s ships, and having procured his discharge, settled there, and when the revolutionary war began left a very valuable property and emigrated to Nova Scotia, settling near Shelburne, and afterwards removing to Liverpool, N.S., where he died in 1839, greatly esteemed. Mr. Smith was educated at Mount Allison College, Sackville, N.B., and went through the arts course, but left without taking any degree. He studied law with A. A. Stockton, LL.D., now member of the New Brunswick legislature for St. John city and county. He was admitted an attorney in 1874, and called to the bar in 1875. In 1880 he removed to Dorchester, and practised in partnership with J. B. Beck, then clerk of the courts. In 1881 he, however, returned to Moncton, and has since been engaged in nearly every important case tried in the county. In 1885 he argued the “Scott Act Scrutiny” case before the Supreme Court of Canada at Ottawa, in the interests of the liquor dealers, in which, after six months’ consideration, a majority of the court gave an adverse opinion. In 1886 he argued before the same court against an appeal taken by the town of Moncton from the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, which had decided that the mode in which the town carried on its tax-sales of land was illegal, and was successful. He was counsel in the Cadby extradition case, in the interest of the United States, and succeeded in obtaining the prisoner’s extradition after much delay and argument. In this case he was associated with W. F. MacCoy, Q.C., of Halifax, and C. A. Palmer, of St. John, leading on the arguments. Mr. Smith is thought to be successful in criminal trials, and is generally employed for the defence. In 1884 he was appointed clerk of the circuits for Westmoreland county, and in the same year a police judge for Moncton, and holds these offices still. In 1886 he entered into a professional partnership with James Kay, and the firm is now doing a large business. Mr. Smith is a strong Liberal in Dominion politics, and supporter of the present local government. He has taken an active part in politics, both in canvassing and speaking throughout the constituency. In municipal politics he offered, in March, 1887, as a candidate for councillor in the 2nd ward, but was defeated by a small majority, on account of his opposition to the Scott Act. In religious matters he inclines to Methodism in most points, but is generally opposed to creeds and dogmas. He was married on the 29th June, 1875, to Miss T. W. Knapp, daughter of Charles E. Knapp, clerk of the peace for Westmoreland county, and a great-granddaughter of Major Dickson, who was a sturdy Indian fighter, and who commanded Fort Beauséjour (Cumberland) for some time. She was also a direct descendant of U. E. loyalists who settled near the fort.

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=Kennedy, James Thomas=, Contractor and Builder, Indiantown, St. John, New Brunswick, was born in 1809, at Westfield, Kings county, New Brunswick. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Kennedy was born at Covent Garden, London, Eng., and before he attained his majority sailed for America in the frigate Cumden, which was laden with supplies for the loyalists during the American revolution. This vessel was cast away on the east end of Long Island, but the crew and passengers escaped with their lives. Soon after this, James Kennedy joined one of his Majesty’s foot regiments stationed near Boston, in which he served until the close of the war, and was afterwards removed to Fredericton, where he got his discharge. Here he married Elizabeth Belmain, who was born in Londonderry, Ireland, May 27th, 1750, and settled in Westfield, Kings county, where he died, leaving four children—James, Anne, John and Joseph, all of whom are now dead. John Kennedy, the father of James Thomas, was born at Westfield, June 27th, 1788, and was married to Mary Trott in 1810, by Parson Scoville, rector of the Episcopal Church, at Kingston, Kings county, by whom he had a family of twelve children—John, James T., Elizabeth, Mary B., Joseph E., Kate A., William D., Polly S., Samuel P., Sophia R., Sarah C., and Moses R., seven of whom are now residing in California. On 1st November, 1819, John Kennedy removed with his family from Westfield to the United States, James T. being at this time about ten years of age. They set sail from St. John in the fishing schooner Bunk, but as the war of 1812 had not yet been brought to a close, they were landed in a small boat at the mouth of the Penobscot river, and shipped in the coasting schooner Seven Brothers. The weather was cold and stormy, and on the 1st of December they were wrecked during a snowstorm on Cranberry Island. Here they remained on the beach from eight o’clock in the evening until two o’clock the following day. Mrs. Kennedy and the children suffered great hardships, the passengers having been brought to land by boats attached to a line. After a short delay on the island they sailed for Castine in a fishing schooner, and on their arrival at this place the unfortunate castaways were treated with great kindness by the inhabitants. The family remained in Maine until 1822, when they returned to New Brunswick and settled in Carleton county. James Thomas Kennedy, the subject of this sketch, received his education in Westfield, and was married on the 4th July, 1838, to Cynthia Waters, of Westfield, who was of loyalist descent. This lady died on the 17th July, 1839; and on the 27th November, 1845, he married Eliza Lingley, also of Westfield. Miss Lingley was a daughter of Abraham Lingley, a grandson of Jane Astor, a sister of the late John Jacob Astor, of New York, who came with a party of U. E. loyalists to New Brunswick in 1773. Her grandfather bore arms through the revolutionary war, and at its close settled at Nerepis Creek, Kings county, where he died in 1861, at the age of ninety-one years, and was buried on the anniversary of his birth. His wife died three weeks after him in the same place at the age of eighty-six years. Early in life Mr. Kennedy displayed that aptitude in business which has made nearly every enterprise in which he has engaged a success. In 1842 and 1843, we find him sailing a passenger steamer, and also in command of a boat, towing logs from Fredericton to St. John. And about the same time he erected two sawmills which he worked successfully. In 1841 he removed his family from Westfield to Indiantown, St. John, where he took up his residence. In 1843 he transported in boats from Spoon Island the granite that was used in the construction of the North Wharf buildings in St. John; and also conveyed from the same quarries the granite used in the building of the custom-house on Prince William street, destroyed by the great fire in 1877. This was one of the most imposing buildings erected in the Maritime provinces previous to confederation. He also transported the stones used in the fortifications about St. John, including those at Partridge Island, the Hampton Jail, and for the capital of the province at Fredericton. During the years 1878, ’79, ’80 Mr. Kennedy was engaged in the construction of the deep-water terminus of the Intercolonial Railway at Lower Cove, St. John, which is one of the most substantial structures of the kind on the coast of the Dominion; and in 1882 he completed the St. Peter’s canal at St. Peter’s, Cape Breton. It is half a mile in length, fifty-eight feet in breadth, eighteen feet in depth, and has a lock two hundred feet long and forty-eight wide. This canal—its usefulness being of great value—will stand for centuries as a monument to its builder. He took a great interest in the centennial celebration of the landing of the U. E. loyalists in St. John, which was held on the 17th May, 1873; and on the occasion presented to Portland an elegant freestone drinking fountain for man and beast, in commemoration of the day, and in memory of his only son, born 24th November, 1854, and who died on the 30th October, 1877. Mr. Kennedy was made a freeman of the city of St. John in 1839, and was appointed a magistrate in 1873. Although his business life has been a most active one, yet he has found time to travel through several of the states of the neighbouring Republic and in the provinces of Canada. During these rambles he has been a keen observer, and never failed to store his mind with facts likely to prove useful to him in the prosecution of his business. He has never been an aspirant for official honours, the only office he ever accepted being a seat in the Portland town council in 1874 and 1875. He has always been a constant advocate of temperance, and is a member of several temperance societies. In religious matters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church. Active in all movements calculated to improve the condition of the poor and to elevate the masses to a better appreciation of the duties and responsibilities of life. Five children have been born to Mr. Kennedy, one son and four daughters. Mr. Kennedy, we may add, is a Conservative in politics.

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=Cameron, Charles=, Manager of the Great Northern Transit Company, Collingwood, Ontario, was born on the 24th February, 1835, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He is the son of Donald Cameron, of Appin, Argyleshire, one of the clan of Lochiel, and a slate manufacturer. His mother was Isabella Harper, and belonged to the parish of Marnoch, in Banffshire, Scotland. Mr. Cameron received a liberal education at the public schools of his native town, and was apprenticed to the joiner and millwright trade, and came to America in 1853. After spending one season in Cleveland, Ohio, and a second in Toronto, he went north to Collingwood, arriving in that place on the 7th February, 1855. After working at his trade for about two years, on the fine railway station, which is so conspicuous an ornament of the town of Collingwood, he went into the hotel-keeping, combining therewith livery stables, and controlling the principal mail stage routes of the vicinity, until 1871, when he retired from this business, and since that time has devoted his time mostly to the shipping enterprises with which he has since become identified. Mr. Cameron has ever been in the front with any and every undertaking calculated to benefit the town he has chosen as his home. He built the first schooner ever launched in the port, and was the primary promoter of the Collingwood Tug and Wrecking Co., the Georgian Bay Transportation Co., the Great Northern Transit Co., and the Collingwood Iron Foundry—all of them pioneer enterprises. Mr. Cameron is also an active member of the Agricultural and Horticultural societies in the county of Simcoe, and has been of great service to the farming community of this part of the province. He has aided greatly in the importation of valuable draught stallions, and thus gave an early impulse to the improvement of the breed of horses, now so noticeable in the local fall shows. Mr. Cameron held the offices of a councillor, reeve, and deputy-reeve for nine years, closing with the office of warden, to which he was elected by a unanimous vote of the county council of Simcoe, which at that time numbered fifty-four members, and ranked the fourth largest legislative body in the dominion. Although declining all municipal honours since 1881, he still enjoys the esteem of his former colleagues by representing them on the Collegiate Institute board, and this position he has held for the past fourteen years consecutively. Mr. Cameron is also vice-president of the Farmers’ North-West Land and Colonization Co., a director of the Collingwood Horticultural Society, treasurer of the North Simcoe Conservative Association, and manager of the Great Northern Transit Co. He is the largest property-owner in the town of Collingwood, and one of the largest in the county of Simcoe. Mr. Cameron is a Knight Templar of the Masonic order, in which he has held the office of eminent preceptor. He is a strong Conservative in politics, and in his religious opinions adheres to the Presbyterian church of his ancestors. He was married, in February, 1860, to Margaret Barron, daughter of George Lunan, formerly of Lower Canada, by whom he has had seven children. Four are living, viz., Isabella H. (married to Chas. E. Holmes, of Toronto), Alexander B., Chestena C., and Charles H. M. Mrs. Cameron died 12th April, 1885.

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=Cameron, William=, Farmer, Sutherland River, Pictou, M.P.P. for Pictou county, Nova Scotia, was born at Sutherland River, Pictou, N.S., on the 25th September, 1847. His parents were Alexander Cameron and Margaret McKay, of New Glasgow. His paternal grandfather emigrated from Inverness, Scotland, and settled in Pictou about 1801, and his maternal grandmother came from the same place about 1790, and her parents were among the earliest settlers in New Glasgow. Mr. Cameron received his education at Dalhousie College, Halifax, and graduated from that institution in 1873 with the degree of B.A. He taught school for some years before going to college, and afterwards during college recess. He was for a time principal of the high schools of Westville, River John, and Bridgewater, and closed his teaching career in the mathematical department of the New Glasgow High School. For two years Mr. Cameron studied medicine at the Medical School at Halifax, but his health failing, and on account of the death of his brother, which took place in 1877, he abandoned his medical studies, and returned home to assist his father, who was now growing old, and his mother very infirm, both of whom demanded his company as well as his care. He has been auditor of the municipality of Pictou since 1884. In 1873 he joined the Masonic brotherhood, and has ever since taken an interest in the order. On the 8th March, 1887, a vacancy having occurred in Pictou county, in consequence of the resignation of A. C. Bell, the sitting member, Mr. Cameron offered himself as a candidate, and was elected for his native county to a seat in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. In politics he is a Conservative, of the independent type, and is a thoroughly practical man. In religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. In 1882 he was married to Mary Catherine Dawson, of Little Harbor, Pictou county, N.S.

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=Strothard, Rev. James=, Pastor of Grafton Street Methodist Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Tadcaster, a small market town in Yorkshire, England, on the 5th August, 1847. His parents were Joseph and Mary Strothard. His father held a position of trust under the first Lord Londesborough, of Grimston Park, Yorkshire; and his maternal grandfather was a person of considerable wealth and importance, and for many years was a surveyor of highways. As a lad the Rev. Mr. Strothard attended the National Grammar School in the village of Ulleskelf, and from a very early age developed a love for books, often pursuing his studies long after the rest of the family had retired to rest. He won his first prize at school when only seven years of age, and a few years later received as a prize a fine Reference Bible. After leaving the Grammar School he spent two years in study at two first class boarding schools, and by this means he secured a good English education. He was religiously brought up in the Episcopal church, but having been converted in his fourteenth year, joined the Wesleyan Methodist Church in his native town. After attending the Sabbath-school as a scholar and teacher for four years, he was sent out as a local preacher when eighteen years of age. For several years he continued his theological studies under the guidance and with the assistance of the several ministers who successively occupied the circuit. Moving to Barnsley in 1868, he had also the advantage for two years of listening to the theological lectures from the Rev. Thos. H. Leal, at that time stationed there. While pursuing his theological studies with a view of offering himself to the English Wesleyan Conference for the West African mission field, he received in November, 1870, a letter from the Rev. Humphrey Pickard, D.D., who was then president of the Conference of Eastern British America, informing him that he had been chosen for the ministry in the Maritime provinces, and urging him to come out and accept an appointment at once. Believing this to be a call of Providence, he responded by embarking at Liverpool for Halifax on the 17th of December, 1870. His clerical companions were the Rev. Caleb Parker, now at Souris River, Manitoba, and the Rev. W. H. Emsley, of the Toronto Conference. After a stormy voyage of sixteen days, the City of Limerick steamed up Halifax harbor on Monday morning, 2nd January, 1871. His destination was Miramichi, New Brunswick. He labored on that circuit under the superintendence of the late Rev. Ingham Sutcliffe, until the conference of 1872; and was then appointed to take charge of the Charles Street Church in the city of Halifax, this being a small mission church at that time, and he was its first pastor. During his three years incumbency, the congregation and Sunday-school grew so rapidly as to necessitate an enlargement of the building. At the last session of the Conference of Eastern British America, held at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, in 1874, presided over by the Rev. John McMurray, D.D., he was ordained to the Methodist ministry, together with twelve other candidates, among whom were Rev. W. W. Brewer, of Centenary Church, St. John; Rev. W. Dobson, of Fredericton, and the Rev. Ralph Brecken, of Sackville, New Brunswick. From the conference of 1875 to 1878 he was stationed at Avondale, Hants county. During this period the circuit was visited with a gracious revival, and a large number was added to the church. The next three years were spent in Canning, Kings county. From thence he removed to Granville Ferry, Annapolis county, where he remained the full term. In 1884 he was invited to take charge of Providence Church, Yarmouth; and after three years of successful work in Yarmouth, he is now back in Halifax, having received an invitation to the Grafton Street Church, of which he is now pastor and doing good work in the Master’s vineyard. As a youth the Rev. Mr. Strothard served seven years in the First West York Battalion of Rifle Volunteers. He was admitted when only fourteen years of age (the regulation age being seventeen), being exceptionally tall for his age. He is associated with the Independent Order of Oddfellows; with the Independent Order of Good Templars; and with the order of Sons of Temperance, and for two years filled the office of Grand Chaplain of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of Nova Scotia. He has travelled a good deal, and has twice visited Great Britain and France via Boston and New York. He was married on the 8th of July, 1874, in the old Centenary Methodist Church at St. John, N.B., by the Rev. Henry Pope, D.D., to Alice Eliza, second daughter of Henry S. Beek, bookseller and bookbinder. Mr. Beek was born in Cork; Ireland, but came to New Brunswick early in life, his father being connected with the Crown Lands office in the city of Fredericton. He was married to Olivia, the daughter of Dr. Smith, of the Royal navy, by whom he had five sons and two daughters.

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=Trueman, Harmon Silas=, M.D., Sackville, New Brunswick, was born on the 20th August, 1858, at Point de Bute, Westmoreland county, N.B. His father, Martin Bent Trueman (now, 1887, aged seventy-four years) was a son of Harmon Trueman, whose father, William Trueman, came to Westmoreland, then part of Cumberland, Nova Scotia, in 1775, from Yorkshire, England. He came in company with his parents, his father being also named William, and he William, junior, the only son. He, the younger William, left, however, a large family, and those descended from him now number over six hundred. Dr. Trueman’s mother, who is also still living, and aged sixty-nine years, is Bethia Purdy, daughter of Samuel Purdy, and grand-daughter of the late Colonel Gilbert Purdy. This gentleman served in the British forces during the American revolutionary war. For his bravery he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and on the declaration of peace received a life pension. His home was for many years in New York state, where he married one Phœbe Wood, and from which place he with his wife and two of his brothers removed to Cumberland, Nova Scotia, at the close of the war, they being of the true loyalist stock. Dr. Trueman received his primary education in his native parish, and afterwards carried to partial conclusion a course in arts at Mount Allison Academy and College. He took the regular medical course at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, during the years 1877-1880 inclusive. In the autumn of 1880 he settled in Sackville, and having purchased the premises of Dr. A. Fleming, who was leaving for Manitoba, he began the practice of his profession, and has ever since carried on practice without any interruption. He belongs to the Royal Arcanum. In politics he is a moderate Conservative, but takes no active part in political movements. He was brought up in the Methodist church, and still adheres to the same denomination. In 1880 he visited Europe, and travelled considerably in England and France. He has also visited most of the New England cities. The doctor takes an interest in military affairs, and has been a surgeon for two years in the 74th battalion of Canadian infantry. On the 22nd June, 1881, he was married to Priscilla Carlisle Bliss, daughter of the late A. A. Bliss, of Halifax, and closely connected with the Bliss family now largely distributed throughout America.

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=Dobson, Rev. William=, Methodist Minister, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Bedeque, Prince Edward Island. His father, William Dobson, was a native of Yorkshire, and came to America in 1821, and settled in Prince Edward Island, where he began farming. In 1823 he married Ann Moys, the eldest daughter of Captain Thomas Moys, of Bedeque, and the subject of our sketch is the second son of this union. Rev. Mr. Dobson received his primary education at the public schools of his native place, and when about eighteen years of age entered the Grammar School, where he remained two years. He then went to Mount Allison College, where for a time he studied Greek, Latin, German, and theology. After leaving school he entered the ministry of the Methodist church, and since then he has occupied churches in Guysborough and Digby, in Nova Scotia; and Jacksonville, Sheffield, Albert, Potton, St. John, and Fredericton, in New Brunswick. He entered his present charge in Fredericton in 1886, and is very much respected by his congregation. Rev. Mr. Dobson takes an active interest in any movement calculated to advance the Redeemer’s kingdom on earth. On the 11th of August, 1874, he was married to Ella A. Morehouse, of Digby, N.S. Her parents were of the old loyalist stock, who settled in Nova Scotia during the American rebellion.

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=Robertson, George=, Merchant, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 30th January, 1844, at Kingston, Kent county, N.B. His father, the late Duncan Robertson, ship-builder, was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, whose forefathers had come from Perthshire and settled in Aberdeen. The mother of the subject of our sketch was Georgina Jardine, a native of Wamphray, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. Both parents first settled in Kingston, about the year 1834. Mrs. Robertson’s brothers, J. & T. Jardine have had a long and successful career as ship-builders and ship owners in Kingston; and her mother, Janet Paterson, came of a family which has provided some men of historical note: among others, William Paterson, the founder of the Bank of England, one of the promoters of the disastrous Darien scheme, etc., and Sir Walter Scott’s “Old Mortality,” etc. Mr. Robertson was educated in the English branches at the public schools, and at Sackville Academy, and spent the greater part of his boyhood in Moncton and Cocagne. He acquired some general knowledge of ship-building, shop-keeping, and farming; and in 1858-9 lumbered in a small way on his own account. The family having returned to Moncton in 1860, he shortly afterwards left for St. John in search of employment, and to make his way in the world. On his arrival in that city he found an opening in the establishment of James Macfarlane, then a leading grocer, and this gentleman he served in the capacity of clerk for seven years. In 1868, Mr. Robertson having saved some money, he began business on his own account, and continued to prosper until 1877, when the great fire occurred in St. John, and swept away a considerable portion of his property. He then retired from active business for about a year, in the meantime putting his affairs in order. In 1878 he made a fresh start, and since that period the world has gone well with him. He is now at the head of the firm of George Robertson & Co.,—having taken S. A. Corbitt, a few years ago, into partnership,—carrying on a large wholesale and retail business in groceries, and as importers of West India and Mediterranean produce. Their office is at 50 King street, and their warehouse at 17 Water street. Like all men in business, Mr. Robertson has had the usual amount of losses and worries, but has now the satisfaction of feeling that he has nevertheless succeeded, and also gained the esteem and respect of his fellow-citizens, and others, who have done business with him for many years past. Mr. Robertson was a captain in the St. John city light infantry militia. He is also a member of the St. Andrew’s Society of St. John; the Board of Trade, and a director of the Maritime Warehousing and Dock Company. He has taken part in various political discussions, and has strongly advocated trade reciprocity with the United States; St. John as a winter port for the Dominion; the short line railway with Montreal; St. John Harbor Commission, etc. In religion he is in accord with the Presbyterian form of worship, and is an elder in St. Andrew’s Church. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. He was married to Agnes Turner, a lady of Scotch descent, on the 18th June, 1873, and has a family of six children.

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=Hopper, Rev. John Elisha=, M.A., D.D., Pastor of the Brussels Street Baptist Church, St. John, New Brunswick, is a native Canadian, having been born in Salisbury, Westmoreland county, N.B., on 18th December, 1841. He is son of Robert Hopper, whose father came from Hamilton, Yorkshire, England, among the earliest settlers in New Brunswick. He married Sarah Peck, a descendant of Joseph Peck, of Hingham, Norfolk county, England, who, with his brother, Rev. Robert Peck, in 1636, fled from persecution with other Puritans to New England, and settled in Hingham, Massachusetts, where, in addition to being a representative of the general court, he held other important offices. John Elisha Hopper completed his academic studies in the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, N.B., and matriculated in Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., taking its course of study, save that of the junior year, which he spent at Madison University, New York, and graduating A.B. in June, 1862. His theological studies were pursued in part under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Cramp, of Acadia College, and in part at Regent’s Park College, London, England, with Rev. Dr. Angus and Rev. Dr. Ben. Davis, the celebrated Hebraist. Here we may say Dr. Hopper comes of Baptist parentage, and was baptized by the Rev. W. A. Coleman, at Harvey, Albert county, N.B., in December, 1858, and preached his first sermon, 29th April, 1860, in Greenfield, N.S. In 1865, after completing his theological studies, he for a short time preached at Shediac, Petitcodiac, and Sussex Vale. At the latter place the first regular services in connection with the Baptist denomination were held by him, and resulted in the establishment of one of the strongest churches in the place. In the same year he accepted an invitation to become associate principal with Rev. Dr. Spurden, of the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, and the following year he succeeded him as principal. In September, 1868, Dr. Hopper was ordained a minister at Fredericton. In 1869 he resigned the principalship of the Baptist Seminary, and on the invitation of the Baptists of St. Stephen, began there the work of organizing a Baptist church. A handsome church edifice and parsonage were erected, and a good congregation and Sabbath-school gathered; and then in 1872 he accepted the pastorate of the First Baptist Church, Burlington, Iowa, and remained there six years, receiving into the fellowship of the church in that time over two hundred persons. In April, 1878, Dr. Hopper having purchased a half interest in the Christian Visitor newspaper, published in St. John, N.B., returned to Canada, Rev. Dr. George Armstrong becoming associated with him. In 1879 he bought the other half of the paper, and enlarged the printing, publishing and book business, editing and publishing the Christian Visitor, Canadian Record, Youth’s Visitor, Gem, and International Sunday school lessons. This business he carried on until 1885, when he sold it out, and assumed the pastoral charge of the Brussels Street Baptist Church. His relationship with this church began in 1880, and is still continued. He, however, still edits and publishes the Canadian Record and Sunday school papers. In 1870 Rev. Mr. Hopper received the degree of M.A. from Acadia College; and in 1882 that of D.D., from Morgan Park Theological Seminary, Chicago. In August, 1867, he married Emma, daughter of Deacon John Smith, of St. John.

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=Irvine, Matthew Bell=, C.B., C.M.G., Commissary-General, Quebec, was born on the 7th January, 1832, in Quebec city. He is descended from an ancestry that have left their mark on Canada. Adam Irvine, son of Adam and grandson of Peter Irvine (spelt Irving in the Orcadian records of 1730), of Garson, in the Orkney islands, North of Scotland, came to Canada soon after the conquest, and was accidentally killed at Quebec, on the 7th May, 1776. His son, James Irvine, born in England in 1766, was a member of the mercantile firm of Irvine, McNaught & Co., of Quebec, and for a number of years was a member of both the Executive and Legislative councils of Lower Canada. In 1822 this gentleman was commissioned president of the Court of Appeal of the Executive Council in the absence of the chief justices of Montreal and Quebec; and in 1824 was nominated by letters-patent under the Great Seal, arbitrator for Lower Canada to adjust the duties between Upper and Lower Canada. He served in the militia of the province from 1803 until 1822, when he retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. James Irvine married on the 13th July, 1801, Anne, eldest daughter of John George Pyke, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and had issue two sons, John George and James. The latter died young; and the Hon. James Irvine died at Quebec on the 27th September, 1829. John George Irvine, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born at Quebec on the 31st December, 1802, and passed his early life in the firm of Irvine, McNaught & Co. In 1837, on the outbreak of the rebellion, he was appointed a captain in the Royal Quebec Volunteers. In 1838 he was gazetted a lieutenant-colonel and deputy-quartermaster-general of militia; and on the 5th November of the same year was commissioned major of the Queen’s Volunteers, a regiment raised for active service. He was appointed extra Provincial A.D.C. to the governor-general of Canada on the 14th November, 1851; Provincial A.D.C. on the 1st November, 1852; and principal A.D.C. on the 2nd October, 1868. On the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales in 1860, Colonel Irvine was nominated acting adjutant-general to attend on his Royal Highness during his official tour in Canada. He married, on the 4th February, 1826, Anne, third daughter of the Hon. Matthew Bell, of Three Rivers, and had issue four sons and four daughters. He died at Quebec on the 1st November, 1871, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. Of this family three sons and two daughters still survive; namely, Hon. George Irvine, judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court, Quebec; Acheson Gosford Irvine, lieutenant-colonel and late chief Commissioner of the North-West Mounted Police; Matthew Bell Irvine, commissary-general, Quebec; Eliza Inglis Irvine, and Frances Isabella Irvine. Commissary-General Irvine was educated at the High School of Quebec. On the 30th March, 1848, when a mere lad, he joined her Majesty’s Commissariat department of the army, and in this branch of the service he remained until the 1st of April, 1881, when he retired with the honorary rank of commissary-general. During this period he served in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Australia. He was present in Turkey and the Crimea during the latter part of the Eastern campaign, in 1855-56. He was created a companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, for services as senior control officer on the Red River expedition of 1870, under Colonel (now Lord) Wolseley; and was also created a companion of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath in 1874, for services as senior control officer during the Ashantee campaign under Major-General Sir Garnet Joseph (now Lord) Wolseley, K.C.M.G., C.B. In religion he is an adherent of the Church of England. He was married at Bayswater, London, England, on the 2nd June, 1875, to Charlotte Feodore Louisa Augusta, only child of the Rev. N. Guerout, of Berthier, en haut, Quebec, and widow of George A. L. Wood, of Quebec.

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=Wilson, Daniel=, LL.D., F.R.S., President of the University of Toronto, was born in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1816. His father, Archibald Wilson had a large family. One of his sons, Dr. George Wilson, well known as an eminent chemist, was for some time professor of technology in the University of Edinburgh, and died in 1859. Dr. Daniel Wilson, the subject of our sketch, after passing through the High School, entered the University of his native city; and when he had reached his twenty-first year, went to London, England, to push his fortune. After a residence there of several years, during which he relied for support chiefly on the reward of his literary labors, he again turned north, and continued to wield his pen in Edinburgh, where he soon became distinguished for his ardent love for archæological studies. In his twenty-seventh year he came to Canada, at the insistance of the historian Hallam, who, with Lord Elgin, the then governor-general of Canada, warmly recommended the appointment of the young littérateur and zealous secretary of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries to the chair of history and English literature in University College, Toronto. The removal to Canada was a grave step in itself. But it was more than this when it broke in, as it did, upon serious studies pursued with great ardor, severed the dearest ties, social and professional, and withdrew from a promising field of labor one who was not only fast making his way to the front, but whose genuine abilities and true scientific devotion, had he remained in it, would doubtless have gained him rich pecuniary rewards, with many accompanying honors. However, to Canada he came, and one of the interesting as well as valuable souvenirs of his parting with his Scottish friends and scientific associates is a costly service of silver in the learned doctor’s possession, the inscription on which bears the testimony of his associates in the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, “To Dr. Wilson’s intelligent and faithful labors as secretary, and to their admiration of his great learning and genius so successfully devoted to the investigation of the archæology of Scotland.” Devoted student as he was of archæology, and much as he had done in Scotland to enrich the subject by laborious local research, Dr. Wilson, in coming to Canada, found a wide field for its pursuit on the American continent; and much has he assiduously gathered in the interval to add to the stores of information and reasonable conjecture in this interesting branch of science. The fruit of this is abundantly found in important treatises on the subject which have come from his pen, as well as in the many occasional papers contributed to the scientific journals and transactions of learned societies in both hemispheres. The number and bulk of the latter would fill many portly volumes, and are in themselves a monument of intellectual labor. In the brief space at our disposal we can give but a bald enumeration of the more important works which have come from Dr. Wilson’s pen. The first of these was “Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden Time,” a work in two volumes, published in 1847, with illustrations from the author’s facile pencil. This interesting work, with his “Reminiscences of Old Edinburgh,” published in 1878, reveal Dr. Wilson’s tastes as an antiquary and his varied accomplishments in undertaking the work of tracing the history, antiquities and local traditions of the Scottish metropolis. A contemporary critic affirms of the first of these books, that “these volumes will do the author honor in his native city so long as the ancient capital of Scotland stands.” In 1851 appeared a kindred but more ambitious work in the wider field of Scottish antiquities, entitled “The Archæology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland.” This scholarly and elaborate production drew from the historian Hallam the criticism that it was the most scientific treatment of the archæological evidences of primitive history which had ever been written. The reviewers were also equally laudatory, a high authority saying that the work was “full of original views, bearing everywhere the stamp of independent investigation and of an independent judgment,” and calculated “to form an epoch in the study of the earlier antiquities of Scotland and of Britain at large.” Another competent authority speaks of this work as “one of extraordinary merit, particularly in the lucidity of its scientific combinations and inductions, the charm of its style, and the perfect fidelity of its many pictorial illustrations.” A second edition being called for, the author in 1863 republished the work, with large additions and a careful revision, under the shorter title of “Prehistoric Annals of Scotland.” The term “Prehistoric” in its earlier use, in 1851, it may be worth noting, was, we believe, a coinage of the author’s; he, at least, was the first to bring the word into vogue. In 1863 also appeared what may be considered the author’s magnum opus, a work embodying the results of researches in archæology and ethnology in both hemispheres, and of which two subsequent editions, considerably re-written, have appeared. Of this production, which bears the title of “Prehistoric Man: Researches into the Origin of Civilisation in the Old and the New Worlds,” the Edinburgh Witness at the time under the editorship of the geologist, Hugh Miller, remarks that “the topic is not only vast in range, complex in material, and difficult from its nature, but brings the man who ventures to discuss it into contact with momentous and perplexing questions touching the origin of civilisation, the unity of the human race, and the time during which man has been a denizen of this planet. Dr. Wilson proves himself at all points equal to his task.” This emphatic verdict has been endorsed in other eminent quarters, and high commendation passed upon the book, not only for its scientific value, but for the attractiveness of its literary style. To these works have to be added three volumes, which, though notable in themselves, by no means represent the bulk of Dr. Wilson’s purely literary labors. They are respectively entitled “Chatterton: a Biographical Study” (1869); “Caliban, the Missing Link” (1873); and “Spring Wild Flowers,” a volume of graceful verse. In the Chatterton biography, the author has lovingly gathered all that is worthy of record in the career of the ill-fated Bristol dreamer; and the volume is the best tribute known to us to the young poet’s genius. “Caliban” is an interesting Shakespearian study, combining great imaginative power with a strong critical faculty, and giving the reader much curious information, with not a little fanciful disquisition, on the Evolution theory. The little volume dedicated to the Muses, of which two editions have appeared, emphasises the twin sisterhood of Science and Poetry, and enshrines some thoughtful lines on religious and moral subjects, with several happy examples of lighter verse. In addition to these published works, a whole library of contributions from the author’s pen is scattered through the “Proceedings” of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the London Anthropological Institute, the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution, the British and American Associations for the Advancement of Science; the “Journal” of the Canadian Institute (for some years edited by Dr. Wilson); and the “Transactions” of the Royal Society of Canada. Of this latter society, to the vice-presidency of the literature section of which Dr. Wilson was nominated by its founder, the Marquis of Lorne: the doctor has been the chief working supporter, and to it has contributed many valuable papers, both in literature and science. To the present (ninth), as well as to the earlier (eighth), edition of the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” Dr. Wilson has also been an extensive contributor. In the current edition, the articles on “Canada,” “Confederation,” and “Toronto” are from his pen, as are the biographical articles on “Ferguson” and “Chatterton”; while the article on “Edinburgh,” it is understood, was written by him, and, oddly enough, was sent to Scotland from Toronto. Besides this mass of literary work, a number of contributions from the same source, on literary and historical subjects, with a good many reviews, art critiques, and academical addresses, have from time to time appeared in the pages of the “Canadian Monthly,” the “Canada Educational Monthly,” The Week, and other native journals. These, with other important philanthropic and Christian labors in Toronto, covering the period of half a lifetime, bear witness to Dr. Wilson’s untiring industry, and the force and range of his mental powers, as well as mark the nobleness of his personal character. A sketch, however brief, of the life and work of Dr. Wilson would be singularly incomplete which contained no reference to his labors as an educationist, and to his onerous duties in University College, both as professor and since 1881, when he succeeded Dr. McCaul, as its executive head. In some respects, and perhaps with truth, it may be said that Dr. Wilson would have done more justice to himself if he had made a choice in his life’s work between literature and science rather than, as he has done, given the prose side of his mind to archæological studies, and reserved its poetical side for literature. But the financial circumstances of the institution with which he has been so long connected, made this from the first impossible, and compelled him, laboriously and ardently, to toil on in dual and somewhat incongruous fields of work. With the result, however, no one can reasonably quarrel, for in both fields it must be said he has acquitted himself well and won merited fame. He who would trace Dr. Wilson’s life in the sphere of his academic labors must do so with real enthusiasm, with loving sympathy, and with hearty admiration for the scholar and the man. His lifelong interest in Toronto University, the many sacrifices he has made for it, his devotion to the subjects he has so ably taught in the college, and his inspiring and elevating influence upon the students who have successively come under his care, are matters that require little dwelling upon by any local pen. Nor is there need to say a word to any graduate, of the college at any rate, of the learned doctor’s ever ready courtesy, of his kindness of heart, of his simplicity of character, or of his high moral worth. Testimony to these and other lovable qualities in the president of University College is, we are sure, as abundant as testimony is emphatic to the learning and genius of their gifted possessor. If the state, strangely enough, has done little to mark Dr. Wilson’s services, both to science and education, throughout a long and unwearying life, he has at least this consolation, that, among those who have had the honor of personally knowing him, appreciation of their number and worth lies deep in every breast. The passing years have dealt kindly with the subject of this brief sketch; the figure, always spare, is still erect, and the step has lost little in the march of time of its early elasticity. The eyes look at you with the old-time keen, rapid glance; and there is the same kindly note in the voice, which rises and falls with that familiar, soft, measured cadence, which belongs distinctively to those who hail from the Scottish metropolis. For thirty-five years President Wilson has been connected with the University and College of Toronto, and has given to that institution the abundant fruitage of a rich, matured, and industrious life. During that long period, though he has daily gone in and out among almost all classes of the people of Toronto, and in many ways has contributed to the intellectual life and to the enriching of the scientific thought of Canada, and, indeed, of the continent, there are not many, we fear, outside of academic circles who recognise the genius, the learning, and the pre-eminent abilities of Dr. Wilson, or who appreciate him as a man at his true worth. In a general way the few in Toronto may know him as a learned scientist, and perhaps as an accomplished littérateur; but to the mass of his fellow-citizens he is little more than a prominent educationist, and the head of the national university. If this statement seems unfair, let us ask, how many know of his great reputation and high recognised status in the first scientific circles of the Old World, or who think of him in the light of his deserts—as one of the foremost men of the age in his own special departments of archæological and ethnological science? Canada as yet has not been fertile in great men; but here doubtless is one, if we are to take the measure of his worth not only from his books, though these undoubtedly are an author’s best and truest memorial, but from the estimation in which he is held in high scientific circles abroad, and the unsought honors conferred upon him by many of the learned societies of Europe. Only eminent services to science could have secured him the recognition of crowned heads and the issue of royal diplomas setting forth these services, with enrolment among the distinguished honorary members of the great scientific societies and learned institutions of the mother land, and of France, Italy, and Denmark. Dr. Wilson has now reached the evening of his days, and as the lengthening shadows fall athwart him and his labors, the writer of this, with many who love him, may well wish that a life so singularly pure and worthy may be prolonged and continued for many years yet at the service of his adopted country. But when the line of the allotted span has been crossed, wishes we know must be vain; and the granite shaft in yonder cemetery, with its touchingly beautiful tribute “to the wife of his youth,” who “was the bright sunshine of a long and happy life,” is a monition which neither he nor any wise friend can disregard, however distant all may wish the day when the Master’s summons shall come to one who has been eminently faithful, and the sombre curtain shall drop for ever upon his work.

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=Miller, John Stewart=, Centreville, Ontario, Treasurer of the Township of Camden, M.P.P. for Addington, was born on the 17th September, 1844, in the township of Camden, county of Addington. He is the only son of Thomas Miller and Christina Madden. The family came originally from Ireland and settled in New England. During the revolutionary war they left that country and moved to Three Rivers, and subsequently, in 1790, took up their abode in the Bay of Quinté. He received his primary education in the schools of his native place, and then entered the Commercial College at Belleville, where he graduated in 1871. He then began farming on the homestead, lot No. 30, seventh concession of Camden, and here he continued his agricultural pursuits until 1886. In 1883 Mr. Miller began with a partner, business as a general merchant in the village of Centreville, and is still engaged in mercantile pursuits. He has taken a deep interest in military affairs, and in 1879 held the rank of lieutenant in the 48th battalion, and on the disbandment of this corps became attached to the 47th battalion. In 1875 he was appointed clerk of Camden township, and on resigning this office in 1886, received the appointment of treasurer of the same township, and this office he still holds. He joined the Orange Association in 1864, and served as county master in 1878-9. He became a member of Prince of Wales lodge, No. 146, of the Free and Accepted Masons in 1869; assisted in organizing Victoria lodge, No. 229, and was its master in 1870-71; and in 1883 he helped to organize Lorne lodge, No. 404, and was elected its first master, holding the office for three years. Mr. Miller has always taken an active interest in politics, and in 1880 was elected secretary-treasurer of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Addington. He presented himself in 1886 for parliamentary honors, and in December of the same year was elected to represent his native county in the Ontario legislature by a handsome majority over his opponent. In politics, as will be seen above, Mr. Miller is a Liberal-Conservative. His mother joined the Methodist church in 1828—who, by the way, is still alive, and a member of the same church—and the son is connected with the same religious body. He has been twice married; first, in 1871, to Carrie, second daughter of James Hawley. She died on the 24th February, 1874. He married, the second time, in 1877, Anne, eldest daughter of the late Robert Robertson, of Kingston.

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=Choquette, Philippe Auguste=, LL.B., Advocate, Montmagny, Quebec province, M.P. for the county of Montmagny, was born on the 6th January, 1854, at Belœil, county of Verchères. His ancestors came from Amiens, Picardie, France, in 1643, and settled in Varennes, in the county where the subject of our sketch was born. His parents were Joseph Choquette, farmer, and Marie Thaïs Audet. He received his education at St. Hyacinthe College, and at Laval University, Quebec, and graduated B.C.L. from the latter institution in 1880, having previously taken the silver medal given by the governor-general, Lord Lorne. While he was prosecuting his studies at Laval, he acted as private secretary to the Hon. Honoré Mercier, then solicitor-general in the Joly administration, and now premier of Quebec province. He held, for about three years and a half, the position of book-keeper in a wholesale boot and shoe establishment in St. Hyacinthe before he began to study law. He then returned to Quebec in 1877, and entered the office of the Hon. François Langelier, M.P., and mayor of Quebec, to study law. After being admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1880, he removed to Montmagny, where he successfully practised his profession. Since 1877 he has been a contributor to L’Union, of St. Hyacinthe, and L’Electeur, of Quebec; and was publisher of La Sentinelle, a weekly paper at Montmagny, during the years 1883 and 1884. In 1878 he began to take an active part in politics; and in 1882 he ran for a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa against A. C. P. R. Landry, the Conservative candidate, but was defeated by a majority of 120 votes. At the general election held in 1887 he again presented himself in opposition to Mr. Landry, and this time carried his election by a majority of 193 votes. Mr. Choquette has travelled through the principal parts of the United States. He has been secretary of the Reform Club of the county of Montmagny since 1881. In politics he is a strong Liberal, a free trader, in favor of commercial union, and would not object to annexation to the United States. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church, but objects to the clergy interfering and mixing in political contests. On the 29th August, 1883, he was married to Marie, daughter of A. Bender, prothonotary of the Superior Court, and granddaughter of the late Sir E. P. Taché baronet, A.D.C. to her Majesty the Queen, and one of the promoters of confederation.

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=Méthot, Right Rev. Michel Edouard=, A.M., D.D., Quebec, Domestic Prelate of his Holiness, also Professor of Literature at Laval University, and of Moral Theology at the Grand Seminary of Quebec, member of the Archiepiscopal Curia of Quebec, was born on the 28th July, 1826, in the parish of Ste. Croix, county of Lotbinière, province of Quebec. His parents were Joseph Méthot, farmer, and Marie Xavier Desrochers. In 1839 he entered the Little Seminary of Quebec, where he followed the literary and scientific course of that institution. In 1847, having completed a classical course of instruction, he entered the Grand Seminary of Quebec, and went through a course of theology, being admitted to the holy orders in 1849. It may truly be said that Monsignor Méthot has devoted his entire life to the education of the youth of his country, teaching at first in the Little Seminary of Quebec, and then successively at the Grand Seminary and at Laval University, where he gave a public course of literature. He was also prefect of studies for ten years at the Little Seminary, twice director of the Grand Seminary, librarian of Laval University, and lastly, superior of the Seminary and rector of the University for seven years. He was the first vice-rector of the branch of Laval University in Montreal, which positions he resigned at the end of the academic year 1886-7 owing to ill-health. He visited Europe twice, the first time in 1860, when he went to England, France, and Italy. Our readers need not be surprised if we tell them that Monsignor Méthot visited the principal institutions of learning, colleges, museums, the most celebrated libraries, and monuments of arts of those countries, his taste and eagerness for learning leading him to choose those attractions in preference to all others. In 1866, having obtained leave of absence to recuperate from the exhausting labor of teaching, he crossed the Atlantic a second time and passed a whole year in Belgium. Rest, however, consisted in further studies. On his arrival in Belgium he went to the Catholic University of Louvain and applied himself to the study of theology, scriptures, and ecclesiastical history in that celebrated institution of learning. He has contributed to the newspaper and periodical press of the Province of Quebec several articles, biographical sketches and literary essays, which will help the historian of the future to write accurately the history of our Dominion. Mgr. Méthot was elevated to the dignity of domestic prelate by his Holiness Pope Leo XIII. in 1887.

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=Cloran, Henry Joseph=, B.C.L., Barrister, Montreal, was born in that city on the 8th May, 1855. His father and mother are both Irish. The former, Joseph Cloran, is a native of county Galway, and the latter, Ann Kennedy, is from county Limerick. Having received his primary education in the Christian Brothers’ School at home, and passed a year in the public schools of New York, he entered the Montreal College in 1868, where he made a complete and successful course of classical studies. On graduating from college in 1875, he left for Europe, where during three years he prosecuted a course of scientific, philosophical and theological studies in the celebrated college of St. Sulpice, in Paris. During his sojourn in Europe he visited Italy, Switzerland, France, England and Ireland, and returned to Canada strongly equipped for the combats of the future with an extensive stock of knowledge, and a precious ensemble of information on the Irish question and general European politics. On his return home, Mr. Cloran filled for a year a professorship of English literature in his alma mater, the Montreal College. He then took a course of law in the Universities of Laval and McGill, and graduated from the latter with the degree of B.C.L. He studied in the offices of the eminent legal firm of the late Edward Carter, Q.C.; Hon. R. Church, now judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench; and of Hon. J. A. Chapleau, ex-premier of Quebec, and now Secretary of State. At the close of his law studies, the editorship of the Montreal Post and of the True Witness became vacant in 1882 by the resignation of J. C. Fleming. This responsible and important position was offered to Mr. Cloran, who accepted, and then commenced a journalistic career which has been crowned with marked success. We have no need to dwell upon the cleverness, judgment and ability displayed by Mr. Cloran in the functions of editor, nor upon the success he achieved. The Post is the only Irish daily paper in America, and he made it the organ of Irish Canadian opinion, esteemed by friends and feared by foes. The articles from Mr. Cloran’s pen have been widely reproduced and commented on by the leading papers in Canada and the United States, and even in the European press. In 1886 when the board of directors wished to give the support of the Post to certain Tory candidates in the general provincial elections of that year, the young editor declined to obey their mandate, and rather than write a single line inconsistent with his convictions, he threw up the editorship of the paper. Mr. Cloran is a man of principle, and has on all occasions the courage of his convictions. There is no hypocrisy in his nature; he is at all times manly and straightforward. Animated by no prejudice, he bends and yields to none. His public opinions are also his private ones—a trait which is not always to be discovered in the character of public men. He is an ardent lover of fair play, and finds his pleasure in championing the cause of the weak and the wronged. An Irish Canadian, and an uncompromising Home Ruler, like all patriotic Irishmen, he ranks among the number of those broad and liberal minds who do not shut themselves up in the narrow circle of an exclusive programme. The cause of the half breeds of the North-West—which is, after all, the same in many respects as that of the Irish people—naturally found in Mr. Cloran a willing and earnest advocate. His attitude on the North-West and Riel questions was inspired by the purest and most patriotic of motives. Living in the midst of French Canadians, whose friend he is, and a patriot from a Canadian as well as an Irish standpoint, Mr. Cloran rightly believed he was consistent with himself in joining with them in the province of Quebec to defend provincial rights and autonomy. He finds, with much reason, that Home Rule, if it is good for Ireland, is equally good for Canada; and he has in consequence labored with all liberal minds for the cause of provincial autonomy, which is, in Canada, the condition necessary to ensure union and harmony among the different races, and consequently the condition essential to the future grandeur and prosperity of our country. Mr. Cloran’s public and political career began on the 16th November, 1885, when he was unanimously chosen at a meeting of citizens, jointly with George H. Duhamel, now the solicitor-general of the province, to fill the position of secretary to the national movement that was inaugurated to secure the defeat and overthrow of Sir John A. Macdonald’s government, for the mal-administration of the North-West Territories, and the execution of the leader of the half breeds. He took a prominent part in the historic mass meeting of fifty thousand people assembled, from all parts of the province, on the Champ de Mars, Montreal, where he distinguished himself at one bound as an orator capable of speaking in both the French and English languages. He went through the famous winter campaign of 1886, and during the late provincial elections he fought a brilliant and victorious battle in company with Messrs. Laurier, Mercier, Bellerose, Duhamel and Bergeron, which resulted in the final overthrow of the old Conservative government, and the general break-up of the Tory and “Bleu” party which had controlled the destinies of Quebec almost uninterruptedly since confederation. No one contributed more to the establishment of the National administration of Hon. Honoré Mercier in Quebec than Mr. Cloran. There was not a National candidate who made a vain appeal to him for assistance. Always in the breach, and always at the disposal of his friends, Mr. Cloran covered almost the entire province; he addressed mass meetings in over forty counties, and everywhere he appeared he won the esteem and the confidence of the people who heard him. In the short space of one year he became one of the most popular orators, and one of the political lights of the province. Mr. Cloran placed himself at the service of the Liberal party to fight out the election campaign in Ontario, and put down the “No Popery” brigade in favor of the Mowat administration, which carried the standard of honest government and of civil and religious liberty. He took an active part in the struggle in the counties of Glengarry, Stormont and Prescott, where the three Liberal candidates were elected by large majorities. In showing no hesitation to go to Ontario to assist the Liberal government of Mr. Mowat, Mr. Cloran and his Quebec friends contributed much towards giving its true signification to the National movement. They clearly proved thereby that in the minds of none of them there never was harbored the slightest thought of a war of races, as was pretended by the Tory press and speakers; that far from attempting to divide and separate the different races, they were, on the contrary, ready and willing to strengthen more firmly than ever the bonds that unite us from one end to the other of the Dominion, irrespective of race and creed. In the general elections of 1887 for the House of Commons at Ottawa, Mr. Cloran was selected by the Liberal party as their standard bearer for Montreal Centre, one of the largest and most important constituencies in the Dominion. Although defeated, he almost doubled the Liberal vote given in the election of 1882, and succeeded in reducing the previous majority of his opponent, J. J. Curran, Q.C., M.P., by some five hundred votes. Before becoming one of our most noted public men, Mr. Cloran had occasion, at different times, to give proof of his energy and ability in occupying honorary positions in a number of literary, athletic and national and other organisations to which he was called by the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. It was thus that he was elected president of the Catholic Young Men’s Society, of Montreal, in 1880 and 1881. He was chosen secretary of the Parnell Reception Committee, which was the grandest accorded the great Irish leader in his memorable visit to America seven years ago. He has filled the office of president of the Press Association of the province of Quebec. An amateur of Canadian sports, he is the president of the renowned Shamrock Lacrosse Club. A Home Ruler, he is president of the Montreal branch of the Irish National League. He was a delegate to the Irish National Convention at Chicago in 1886, where he distinguished himself by two eloquent speeches. He was chairman of the organisation that gave Michael Davitt, the father of the League, a reception which has never been surpassed for brilliancy and enthusiasm. He is first vice-president of the St. Patrick’s Society; and is a director of the Montreal Diocesan Colonization Society, under the presidency of his Grace Mgr. Fabre. At the convention of the Young Liberals of the Dominion, held last July, he was elected as the Irish representative from Quebec province on the executive committee. Mr. Cloran was also a delegate to the Central Trades and Labor Council, in the foundation of which he took an active part. Since his début in public life he has not ceased to interest himself in the welfare of the working classes. His pen and voice were always at their service. He was also the chief organiser of the immense popular demonstrations and receptions accorded to William O’Brien, M.P., editor of United Ireland, on the memorable occasion of the latter’s visit to Montreal. Having abandoned journalism, he prepared himself for the bar, and on the 7th July, 1887, after a severe and brilliant examination, he was admitted with honors to the practice of the law. Although still young in years Mr. Cloran has acquired much valuable experience, and, as has been seen, has played an honorable and influential rôle in society, and has rendered distinguished service to his country. Mr. Cloran married, in 1882, Agnes, the third daughter of Michael Donovan, a leading Irish citizen and business man of Montreal, and for years president of the St. Patrick’s Society, and of the Irish National League.

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=Edwards, William Cameron=, Manufacturer of Lumber, Rockland, Ontario, M.P. for the county of Russell, was born in the township of Clarence, Russell county, in 1844. His father, William Edwards, was a native of Portsmouth, England, and came to Canada about 1820, and settled in Clarence township. Here, for a long period, he took a leading part in all movements intended for the advancement of the district in which he resided, and was for over twenty years reeve of the township. The mother of the subject of our sketch, Ann Cameron, was a native of Fort William, Scotland. William was educated in the Ottawa Grammar School, and when he had reached the age of nineteen was employed by Cameron & Edwards, lumbermen, of Thurso, and here he remained for a number of years. In 1868 he joined in a partnership with James Wood, and they, having built a small steam sawmill at Rockland, on the Ottawa river, commenced the lumber business under the firm name of W. C. Edwards & Co. The business having proved successful, in 1871 Cameron & Edwards gave up their establishment at Thurso, and threw in their lot with W. C. Edwards & Co., at Rockland. A large mill was then erected, and their business steadily increased. In 1875 a fire visited the locality, and unfortunately destroyed the whole premises of the firm, including mills, docks, buildings, plant, and indeed everything pertaining to the establishment, and besides a large stock of sawn lumber. And to add to this misfortune, the amount of their insurance did not cover one-third of the loss. Nothing daunted, the firm went to work, the same year, to rebuild, and in the spring of 1876 they were at work again. Since this time their business has largely increased, and the firm now give employment to a great number of hands. Previous to the opening of the mills at Rockland there were only two or three houses in the place; but to-day the village has a population of about fifteen hundred; is incorporated; and has a post office, telegraph office, stores, school house, churches, a good public hall, a division court, etc. Mr. Edwards has always been the sole manager of the firm’s business, and, as may be seen, has very successfully conducted its affairs. In 1866 he succeeded in forming the Thurso infantry company, and for three years, up to his leaving the village, was captain of this company. He has been for many years a justice of the peace, and has also been reeve of the village of Rockland. During the past four years he has been president of the County of Russell Agricultural Society, and has done considerable towards promoting the improvement of stock and the general advancement of agriculture in the county. He is a Liberal in politics, and in 1882 he unsuccessfully contested Russell for a seat in the House of Commons against Moss Kent Dickinson. Again at the last general election he entered the field, and was elected by a majority of 156 votes over C. H. McIntosh, who opposed him. Mr. Edwards is an adherent of the Baptist church. In 1885 he was married to Catherine M., eldest daughter of William Wilson, of Cumberland, Ontario, who for many years has been the leading business man of his township, and over twenty years its reeve, and a justice of the peace.

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=Jones, Sir David=, Brockville.—The late Sir David Jones, who was born in 1794, died on the 23rd August, 1838, at Brockville, Ontario, where he and his family long resided. Few men were more respected, and none could be held in higher estimation by his countrymen. He was an uncompromising supporter of British interests. On visiting England in 1835, as agent of the Brockville Loan and Trust Company, he received the honor of knighthood from His Majesty William IV., at Windsor Castle, being the first native of Ontario who had the honor of receiving so distinguished a mark of royal favor. Sir David died after an illness of only five days, and his early demise cast a gloom over his native place.

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=Kemble, William=, Quebec.—This talented journalist was a native of Surrey, England, and a member of a distinguished mercantile family in London, one of whom, at the time of Mr. Kemble’s death, was a member of the Imperial parliament, for the county above mentioned. He was born in 1781, and died at Quebec, on the 25th February, 1845. While editing the Quebec Mercury, from 1823 to 1842, he greatly distinguished himself as a writer, and the spirit and raciness that characterized his writings will long be remembered by his confrères of the press. His talents were of a high order. He was also a generous contributor to many periodicals, including the then celebrated “Simmond’s Colonial Magazine,” of London, England.

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=McMicken, Hon. Gilbert=, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Agent of the Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, England, is a native of England, having been born in London in 1813, but was from earliest infancy brought up in Glenluce, Wigtonshire, Scotland, of which country, his father was a native. He left Scotland in 1832, and landed at the port of Quebec on the 1st July of the same year. He proceeded to Montreal, and remained there about three weeks, and then went to Toronto (then Little York). From Toronto he removed, in September, to Chippewa, and engaged in the forwarding business. In July, 1838, he was appointed collector of customs, at Queenston, and subsequently held the same office at Suspension Bridge, near Niagara Falls. In 1851 was warden of the united counties of Lincoln and Welland; and was the first mayor of Clifton, and served for several subsequent terms in the same office. In 1857 Mr. McMicken entered the political field, and was elected to represent the county of Welland in the parliament of Canada, which he did for four years. In 1860 he moved to the county of Essex; and in 1864 was appointed stipendiary magistrate with jurisdiction over the whole Western Canada frontier, and in this capacity he successfully quieted frontier excitement, especially in the cities of Detroit and Buffalo, and afterwards received the special thanks of Lord Monck, the then governor-general of Canada, for his services on this occasion. He managed the extradition of Burley, for piracy on lake Erie; and also adjudicated upon and extradited the parties in the two celebrated express robbery cases of Reno and Anderson and of Morton and Thomson. He discovered and arranged the settlement of the disputed line of international boundary at the St. Clair flats canal. In 1865 Mr. McMicken was specially charged to watch over the Fenian movement in the United States in that year, and continued to do so until their last efforts at invasion failed in 1870. During these exciting times, and on the occasion of the murder of T. D’Arcy McGee, on Sparks street, Ottawa, he had committed to his care the government and parliament buildings in that city, and the persons of the members of the government and of parliament then at the capital; and protected, by convoy, the persons of Black, Richot and Scott, delegates from Manitoba, from the United States to Ottawa, during the first troubles in the North-West. In 1869 he was appointed to accompany his Royal Highness Prince Arthur, and his suite, with Governor-General Young, Lady Young, and Colonel Elphinstone, in their tour through Ontario, thence to Montreal, and then on to Ottawa, and for the valuable services rendered the party he received the special thanks of Prince Arthur, accompanied by a valuable souvenir. In 1871 he was made agent of the Dominion lands in Manitoba, and assistant receiver-general, Dominion auditor, manager of the Dominion savings banks, and immigration agent. In the same year he was instrumental in preventing a rising of the Metis when the Fenians offered to come over from the United States to help them. From 1874 to 1877 he was the acting inspector of the Manitoba Penitentiary, and in the latter year he retired from the government service on a pension, having served the Dominion faithfully and well. In 1879 he was elected to represent Cartier in the Manitoba legislature, was chosen speaker of that body, and retired from political life on the dissolution of the parliament in 1883. In 1879 he was appointed agent of the Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, England, and this position he still holds. Though greatly advanced in age, he is still hale and hearty, and a good many years of usefulness are still apparently before him. Hon Mr. McMicken married at Chippewa, on the 19th February, 1835, Ann Theresa, grand-daughter of Commodore Grant.

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=Masson, Lt.-Colonel Louis François Roderique=, ex-Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, was born at Terrebonne, on November 7th, 1833. He is the fourth son of Hon. Joseph Masson, a member of the Legislative Council of Canada, at the time of his death, and M. G. Sophie Raymond, of Laprairie. Mrs. Masson died in 1883, at Terrebonne, where she was buried. The ceremonies of her funeral were very impressive, the archbishop of Montreal officiating; the musical service, under the leadership of Professor Guillaume Couture, of Montreal, with a select choir of forty male voices, was the grandest ever performed in the country. Besides distributing a considerable fortune to her children and relatives, she left princely legacies to various charitable institutions, the Deaf Mute Institution of Montreal receiving for its share a sum of $20,000. The ancestors of Mr. Masson came to Canada very early, and settled originally in Saint Eustache. At the present time the ramifications of the family spread over the whole province of Quebec. The subject of our sketch was educated at the Jesuits’ College, Georgetown, Worcester, Mass., and at St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, where he completed his classical studies. During this period he travelled for two years through Europe and the Holy Land, in company with that distinguished scholar, Rev. Mr. Désaulniers, of St. Hyacinthe College. Their tour lasted twenty four months, and was productive of immense benefit to young Masson, both in a physical and mental point of view. At the conclusion of his classical course he entered the law office of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier, in Montreal, where he resided three years, and in November, 1859, he was admitted to the bar. He never, however, practised his profession. Since October, 1862, he has held a commission in the Canadian volunteer force. On August 21st, 1863, he was appointed brigade-major 8th military district of Lower Canada, doing active duty on the frontier during the first Fenian raid, March, 1866; and also during the second raid in the same year, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1867. Colonel Masson has held various offices in the municipality of his native town, and was mayor of Terrebonne in 1874. In 1867 he was first elected to parliament as representative for the county of Terrebonne, and at every subsequent election he was re-elected by acclamation. He is perhaps the most popular man in the province of Quebec among his constituents. He is a Conservative, and stands very high in the estimation of his chiefs. In 1873 he was offered a seat in the Macdonald cabinet, but declined; the outspoken views he held on the amnesty for political offences in Manitoba, and on the settlement of the New Brunswick mixed schools question, forbade his acceptance of the honour proffered, unless he should make a sacrifice of principles. He is in favour of a reciprocity treaty with the United States, provided Canada is able to get equitable terms; of a moderately protective tariff, and he always advocated the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway wholly on Canadian soil. In 1878, when the Mackenzie administration resigned, Mr. Masson, who was travelling in Europe, was offered a portfolio in the new cabinet, and he sailed immediately for Canada. On his arrival (19th October), he was sworn in a member of her Majesty’s Privy Council and minister of militia and defence. Under his energetic administration numerous improvements and useful changes were effected in the Canadian militia organization,—more especially the establishment of drill associations in educational institutions, the supply of military clothes from Canadian manufacture, the manufacturing in the country of gunpowder, cartridges, heavy guns, etc. For reasons of health he was forced to discontinue the arduous labours he had undertaken, and on the 16th January, 1880, he resigned his position of minister of militia and defence, and was appointed president of the Privy Council. Mr. Masson resigned his seat in the cabinet in 1880, and in 1882 was called to the Senate. In 1884 he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and he held that position until the 7th November, 1884, when he resigned, to assume the duties of lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. In 1856 Col. Masson married Louise Rachel, eldest daughter of Lieut.-Col. Alexander Mackenzie, and granddaughter of Hon. Roderique Mackenzie, once a member of the Legislative Council of Canada, and a partner in the North-West Fur Company; by this marriage he had issue five children, three sons and two daughters. Mrs. Masson died, and in 1884 he married his second wife, Cécile Burroughs, eldest daughter of John H. Burroughs, prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Canada.

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=Belleau, Sir Narcisse=, K.C.M.G., Q.C., ex-Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, was born on the 20th October, 1808, in the city of Quebec, where he was educated, and where he still resides. Shortly after leaving school he chose law as a profession, and soon built up a lucrative business. Being a public spirited gentleman, he took an active part in municipal affairs, and in 1860, when the Prince of Wales visited Canada, Mr. Belleau was mayor of Quebec, and on this auspicious occasion he had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him. He entered the Legislative Council in 1852, soon made his mark there, and in 1857 was elected speaker of that body. This elevated position he retained until 1862, when he received the appointment of minister of agriculture in the Cartier-Macdonald administration. In 1865 he was persuaded to undertake the responsible duties of premier and receiver-general, and held these important offices until appointed lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec in 1867. Sir Narcisse took an active part in all the most celebrated trials at this time in contested election cases, and his voice was no insignificant one in all and more than peculiarly delicate questions which so frequently arose during the time he was speaker of the upper house before confederation. As a legal adviser in civil cases he had few compeers at the time of his practising in Quebec that were recognized as his equal, still less his superior. Though now well advanced in years he still possesses a large circle of friends inside and outside of politics, and is a gentleman highly respected in his native city. His excellency Señor Don Boniface de Blas, minister of foreign affairs, by order and in the name of his Majesty the King of Spain, for services rendered on the occasion of the projected invasion of Cuba by the filibusters, conferred upon him the dignity of commander and grand officer of the royal order of Isabella la Catolica, in 1872, and on the 24th May, 1879, he had the still higher honour conferred upon him of being made a knight commander of the order of St. Michael and St. George, by her Majesty Queen Victoria, at the hands of the Marquis of Lorne, late governor-general, in the presence of her Royal Highness the Princess Louise. Sir Narcisse Belleau, now an old man, can look back on his past record as barrister, mayor, speaker of the Legislative Council, minister of agriculture, receiver-general, premier and lieutenant-governor of his native province, with satisfaction—having filled these high offices with credit to himself and honour to his country—and enjoy the remainder of his days as a public benefactor and a humane sympathetic Christian gentleman should always be able to do. On the 15th September, 1835, Sir Narcisse was married to Mary, daughter of the late L. Gauvreau, at one time a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. There is no issue by the marriage.

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=Desaulniers, François Sévère Lesieur=, B.C.L., Yamachiche, M.P. for St. Maurice, Quebec Province. The subject of this sketch is a member of one of the oldest, most well known and respectable families of the province of Quebec—the Desaulniers having come from France to Canada some time during the seventeenth century (1642), and settled in the district of Three Rivers. He is descended from Charles Lesieur, who was a notary royal and solicitor general under the French government, and of Françoise de Lafond, a niece of Pierre Boucher, the illustrious governor of Three Rivers under the government of M. de Mésy (1663). Mr. Desaulniers is the son of the late François Lesieur Desaulniers, and of the late Marguerite Pothier, and was born at Yamachiche on the 19th September, 1850. He received his education at Nicolet College, an institution to which both church and state are greatly indebted for having produced many citizens who distinguish themselves in the various walks of public life. After successfully passing his examinations, Mr. Desaulniers was admitted to the bar on the 13th January, 1879, at Three Rivers, and is now a member of the legal firm of Desilets, Desaulniers & Duplessis of that city. But his love for journalism was evidently greater than for the law, for we meet him, while studying law, editing the Constitutionnel at Three Rivers, a journal founded by one of the most distinguished French Canadian writers, the late Hon. E. Gérin, legislative councillor. Later on, from 1875 to 1877, we find him in Quebec, as assistant editor of Le Canadien, whilst he contributed several editorials and political articles to the Revue Canadienne of Montreal, to Le Foyer Domestique of Ottawa, as well as to several other papers. Mr. Desaulniers’ political career began in 1878, when he was, for the first time, returned to the Quebec parliament, at the general elections, for his native county, St. Maurice, P.Q. He was elected by a majority of 245 votes over his opponent, L. A. Lord. At the general elections of 1881 he was re-elected for the same constituency by a majority of 110 votes over S. J. Remington. While in the Quebec parliament he was a moderate Liberal-Conservative, and a strong supporter of the conciliatory and moderate policy inaugurated by the Chapleau government. In 1886, at the late provincial elections, Mr. Desaulniers withdrew from the political arena to accept a charge from the provincial government. Upon the recommendation of the Hon. M. de la Bruère, speaker of the Legislative Council, he was, on the 2nd November, 1886, appointed by the Ross government deputy-clerk and clerk of the private bills of the Legislative Council of Quebec, vice J. A. Jodoin, resigned. Lately a vain attempt was made to deprive him of this office, but by a unanimous vote of the Legislative Council his appointment was confirmed. On the 22nd February, 1887, Mr. Desaulniers was returned to the Dominion parliament for his old and faithful constituency of St. Maurice, where he enjoys a well-deserved popularity. He won the contest this time by a majority of 267 votes over his opponent, L. A. Lord. While devoting all his energies to the fulfilment of his numerous duties as representative of the people, Mr. Desaulniers, who takes a deep interest in agriculture, has been unanimously elected for ten years consecutively as president of the Agricultural Society of the county of St. Maurice. He has also been a justice of the peace since 1878. In politics Mr. Desaulniers is a staunch Conservative. He strongly endorses the protective policy adopted some years ago, and is a warm supporter of the Sir John A. Macdonald administration. In July, 1877, he married, at St. Guillaume d’Upton, Marie Aglaé Maher, daughter of Francis Maher, merchant, whose ancestors came from Stuttgart, Germany. They have five children living. Mr. Desaulniers is extremely popular in his own constituency and in the neighbouring counties, where he has often addressed large meetings on all the vital issues of the day, and performed many acts of kindness and liberality—winning, at the same time, for himself the esteem and respect of all by his social qualities, his proverbial hospitality, his sterling integrity, and his devotedness to the public interests.

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=McClelan, Hon. Abner Reid=, Senator, Riverside, Hopewell, New Brunswick, was born where he now resides, in 1831. He is the youngest son of the late Peter McClelan, who was for a considerable period a justice of the peace, and of the common pleas, in the county of Albert. His paternal ancestry were Irish; but his mother (Robinson) was descended from the Clarkes, of New Hampshire. A. R. McClelan was educated at the district school, and at the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy, of which he was subsequently one of the Board of Governors. In 1854, Mr. McClelan was elected one of the representatives of his native county in the New Brunswick legislature, and continued to hold the position till the union, in 1867. He is liberal in politics, and united with the Hon. Charles Fisher, the Hon. S. L. Tilley, and other Liberals of that day, in the overthrow of the Conservative administration, and in the establishment, on a firmer basis, of the rights of all under the responsible system of government. Mr. McClelan was an ardent supporter of the treaty of 1854, which secured free reciprocal trade with the United States. In addition to other reforms, he succeeded in obtaining amendments to the law of inheritance, including the removal of the rights of primogeniture, and in providing postal regulations for the better observance of the Sabbath day. His efforts were always employed to obtain a fair and equitable distribution of the public appropriations, and the county which he so long represented derived considerable advantages thereby. In 1865, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the speakership of the Assembly. During that year he helped to lead the opposition against the government formed to oppose the union, and on the resignation of the ministry, he accepted a seat in the new administration with the portfolio of public works, which he held till the union, when he was called to the Senate. He advocated the construction of the railway from Shediac to St. John, now a part of the Intercolonial, and subsequently the establishment of branch lines, including an ample subsidy for the Albert Railway, which was guaranteed by the Dominion government, upon the special request of the friends and promoters of the road. Mr. McClelan at the outset urged the government which he was then supporting to subsidize a short line to Hillsboro’, which was done, and the road afterwards extended to Hopewell. He prepared and introduced the original Act of Incorporation, assisted in securing the aid of the Dominion guarantee, and asked for and obtained a loan of rails to facilitate a branch line to Hillsboro’. As a member of the Dominion parliament, Mr. McClelan has continued on the side of liberalism and free trade, believing and affirming that the policy of protection is not based on equitable principles, that it is generally injurious in its tendencies, and especially detrimental to the smaller provinces by the sea. Though formerly in mercantile business, the Hon. Mr. McClelan has partially retired therefrom, owing to delicate health. In the Senate, it may be added, he is a man of much usefulness, for he gives to public questions a thoughtful and impartial study. To the broad interests of Canada, the Hon. Mr. McClelan has been always loyal, and there is nothing hollow about his patriotism. He is married to Anna J., eldest daughter of W. J. Reed, of Harvey, New Brunswick.

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=Clemo, Ebenezer=, Inventor, was a native of London, England, and came to Canada in 1858. He was, although young, a person of great genius and ability. On his arrival in Montreal he was reduced to such necessity, that he applied to John Lovell, publisher of that city, for employment as a message boy; but Mr. Lovell knowing his acquirements, engaged him to write a couple of books. Hence “Simon Seek,” and “The Canadian Homes,” which appeared in the same year. Not works of the highest standard of literature certainly, but evincing much talent, and giving a good insight into Canadian character and life. He was the inventor and discoverer of making paper pulp out of straw, an industry which has grown to great proportions since his day; and when engaged in erecting machinery for the manufacture of such paper at Morristown, New Jersey, died in 1860, at the early age of thirty.

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=Fullerton, James S.=, President of the Osgoode Literary and Legal Society, Toronto.—Mr. Fullerton is a native Canadian, having been born on April 3, 1843, in the township of South Dorchester, Elgin county, Ontario. Early in life he formed a taste for the law, and finally came to Toronto a student. He studied with N. G. Bigelow, John Leys and Beverly Jones, and ten years ago he was admitted to the bar. He had the honor of taking third and fourth year scholarships. He has now practised his profession for a decade, and is senior partner in the firm of Fullerton, Cook & Miller. He has had more of the successes of life than fall to the lot of most men. His practice has steadily increased, and it is said in legal circles that in three years he has only lost a couple of cases—and those it was well nigh impossible to win. His reputation for office work is great, and his unusual capabilities for making a jury think as he thinks have given him considerable counsel work to do.

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=Begg, Alexander=, Dunbow Ranch, North-West Territory, Canada, is a native of the parish of Watten, Caithness-shire, Scotland, and was born 7th May, 1825. He is a son of Andrew Begg, farmer, and Jane Taylor, of Houstry, Dunn, Watten. His father was also miller of the mill of Dunn until about fifty years ago, when it and similar small oatmeal mills throughout Caithness were discontinued. The work of kiln-drying oats, formerly done by every farmer at home on his own kiln,—the winnowing of the shelled grain after it had first passed between the mill stones, and the sifting of the meal had to be done by hand; but about that time was transferred to larger mills erected by each proprietor for his tenants. The modern mill was furnished with a fanning mill to clean the shelled oats, and sieves which sifted the meal thoroughly. A kiln was also attached for the use of the tenants, who were bound each to bring his grain to the mill belonging to the estate on which his farm was situate and pay toll there. Mr. Begg received his elementary education at a somewhat celebrated select school, taught by William Campbell, near his father’s house at Backlass, Dunn. Up to the age of eighteen he assisted on the farm and attended the Watten parish school. Subsequently he attended the Normal School at Edinburgh, from which he received a diploma qualifying him as a teacher. This he utilized by teaching at Cluny, Aberdeenshire, until 1846, when he emigrated to Canada. Soon after his arrival at Belleville, where some of his school fellows had formerly emigrated, he taught school in the townships of West Huntingdon and Madoc, and afterwards at Oshawa. There he met J. E. McMillan (now sheriff in Victoria, B.C.), and joined him in publishing The Messenger, the first newspaper published in Bowmanville. After a couple of years he sold out to Mr. McMillan, and purchased the plant of the Cobourg Sun, removing it to Brighton, Ontario, and published The Sentinel, the first newspaper published there. He afterwards started The Advocate at Trenton, also the pioneer newspaper of that place. Shortly afterwards he disposed of his interest in the printing business, and visited his native land. On his return to Canada he received an appointment in the customs, serving at the ports of Morrisburg, Port Dover, Brockville and Cornwall; and in 1869 was promoted to be collector of customs and inspector of inland revenue for the North-West Territories, accompanying the lieutenant-governor, Hon. Wm. McDougall and party, as far as Pembina, when the French half-breeds under Riel stopped their advance, compelling their return. To conciliate certain parties, another collector of customs was sent out to Fort Garry after Riel’s flight to the United States. Mr. Begg was transferred to the Inland Revenue department, but being dissatisfied at being deprived of his position without any fault on his part, he left the service of the Dominion government, and accepted the office of emigration commissioner in Scotland for the Ontario government. In that work he was remarkably successful, and during several years continued to send out a superior class of emigrants. Owing to a change in the emigration policy, only one agent for Ontario was retained for Great Britain, at Liverpool. Mr. Begg then turned his attention to the establishment of a temperance colony in the Parry Sound district. The township of McMurrich was chosen as being then without any settlers. A grist mill, saw and shingle mills were erected by him at Beggsboro’ in 1874, to encourage the settlement; and although by a decision of the Provincial government, that settlers, other than strictly temperance men, could be admitted to the colony, it became and still continues a prosperous settlement. Whilst engaged in opening up roads through the wilderness and fostering the colony, Mr. Begg became editor and joint proprietor of the Muskoka Herald, published at Bracebridge; and soon afterwards commenced in Toronto the publication of the Canada Lumberman, a paper devoted to the interest of lumber dealers. This paper was purchased by a Peterboro’ firm, and has attained a leading position in the lumber trade. Next we find him, in 1879, at the World’s Exposition in Paris, where he had on view, and received prizes for, a landau carriage from London, Ontario, and a sleigh from Orillia, at which latter place his family have resided since their return from Scotland. He also brought across the Atlantic with him from the Muskoka lakes, a number of live black bass, the first ever brought alive across the ocean from the new to the old world. Some of the bass were deposited at Dunrobin, the seat of the Duke of Sutherland’s family in Scotland; some in England, and a few more taken across the English channel to Paris, for which latter he received a medal from the Paris Société d’Acclimatation. In 1881 Mr. Begg made a tour to the North-West by way of Chicago, St. Paul and Bismarck, as the Toronto Mail correspondent; taking the steamer up the Missouri to Fort Benton, the head of navigation, the Northern Pacific Railway not having been completed farther than Bismark at that time. The journey onward and northward from Benton to Fort McLeod was made by team and on horseback, camping out by the way. His Excellency the Marquis of Lorne reached McLeod from Battleford and Calgary on his tour across the continent at the same time Mr. Begg arrived from the south, so he had the opportunity of meeting the governor-general and party, and of including in his correspondence the earliest written news of their arrival there, and the enthusiastic reception given them by the Bloods, Piegans and a party of Indians (Blackfeet), under Chief Crowfoot. From McLeod, Mr. Begg proceeded to Morley, where one of his sons (Magnus) was farm instructor of the Stoney tribe of Indians on the reserve there. Magnus has since been promoted to be chief agent at the Blackfoot reserve. From Morley, Mr. Begg rode up Bow River to the foot of the Rockies, where an advance party of the Canadian Pacific Railway engineers were at work to ascertain if the railway line could be located by that route. Returning to Calgary, he proceeded north to Edmonton and St. Albert; then eastward to Battleford, Prince Albert and Duck Lake, on to Humboldt, Fort Qu’Appelle, Fort Ellice and Brandon, which latter place the Canadian Pacific Railway had just reached. At Humboldt he was obliged to sell his saddle and pack horses and take the stage, as winter had fairly set in, and travelling alone was no longer safe, especially without stopping places for the night. Next year, Mr. Begg returned to the North-West by the same route, taking one of his sons (Robert) with him to establish a sheep, cattle and horse ranch (Dunbow) at the confluence of High river with Bow river. This summer (1887) another of his sons (Roderick) joined him on the ranch, which is now well stocked and flourishing. His sons, Alexander and Peter, have recently been engaged in the Eastern States in connection with a printing establishment; another son, Ralph, is attending the Military School in Toronto, whilst the sixth, Colin, is studying at the High School in Orillia, where Mrs. Begg and five daughters yet reside. This autumn Mr. Begg was appointed emigration commissioner by the government of British Columbia, to arrange with the Crofter fishermen of Scotland to settle on the western shores of the island of Vancouver, to develop the valuable deep sea fisheries of the Pacific. On this important mission he left Canada in October, having formulated a scheme which will, he considers, solve the difficulty which has hitherto prevented the Imperial government from advancing funds to assist the emigration of the Crofters.

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=Panneton, Louis Edmond=, Q.C., B.C.L., LL.M., Barrister, Sherbrooke, province of Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, in that province, on the 6th July, 1848. His parents were André Panneton and Marie Blondin. Mr. Panneton received his education at the college of Three Rivers, where he took the classical course. In 1865 he removed to Sherbrooke, and in 1870 was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada. He was elected a school commissioner in 1877, and in the same year was appointed a member of the Catholic Board of Examiners for granting diplomas to teachers. In 1878 he was elected president of the Club Cartier (Conservative Association), and a member of the city council in 1886. The degree of B.C.L. was conferred upon him in 1882, and that of LL.M. in 1885. He is a professor of civil law at Bishop’s University. He was chosen president for the years 1885 and 1886 of the Eastern Townships Typographical Company, which published Le Pionnier. He was made a Queen’s counsel in 1887, and in the same year was elected president of the bar of the district of St. Francis. Mr. Panneton travelled through the United States in 1876, and made an extended tour through Europe in 1878. In religion, he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church, and in politics, a Conservative. He was married on the 6th July, 1886, to Corinne Dorais, of St. Gregoire, daughter of L. T. Dorais, M.P.P. for the county of Nicolet, Province of Quebec.

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=Blair, Frank I.=, M.D., St. Stephen, New Brunswick, was born on 6th January, 1855. His father, Dugald Blair, M.D., was a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Greenock, Scotland, and afterwards settled in New Brunswick. His mother, Sarah Henrietta Marks, was a native of St. Stephen, and was a descendant of Captain Nehemiah Marks, a noted loyalist. Dr. Blair received his early education in Sunbury Grammar School and the University, Fredericton; and adopting medicine as a profession, completed his studies at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. He then returned to his native province, and began the practice of his profession in St. Stephen, where he has succeeded in building up a good business. He takes an interest in Masonry, and is a Knight Templar. He has travelled a good deal, and found time to visit Europe, California, and several other Western states of America. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Church of England. On the 1st of December, 1881, he was married to Alice J. Owen, of St. Stephen.

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=Irving, Andrew=, Registrar of the County of Renfrew, Pembroke, Ontario, was born at Chatham, Miramichi, Northumberland county, New Brunswick, on the 14th of December, 1820. His father, Andrew Irving, was a second cousin of the celebrated preacher and divine, Edward Irving, the founder of the sect known as the “Irvinites,” and was born in the parish of Middlebec, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. He emigrated to New Brunswick in 1816, and lived a quiet life as a farmer on the banks of the Miramichi river, about a mile from the town of Chatham, where he died in 1864. His mother, Margaret Henderson, came to this country some time after her husband, and died at a ripe old age in 1871. Mr. Irving’s grandfather, John Henderson, married Clarinda Douglas, the daughter of Sir Archibald Douglas, of Castle Milk, and had the Cleugh Brae farm presented to him by Sir Archibald on the day of his marriage. He died at the age of fifty-eight. Having made his will only eight days before his death, it was declared illegal, from the circumstance that at that time the law of Scotland required that a testator must attend both kirk and market, and live six weeks after making his will, otherwise it would be null and void. The family contested the validity of this will in the courts, with the usual results, namely that of financial ruin to them all. Andrew, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Grammar School at Chatham, and afterwards studied medicine for three years with Dr. Key, then the most successful practitioner in New Brunswick. Finding, however, that too close application to study was endangering his health, he abandoned medicine, and resolved to seek his fortune in Western Canada. With this object in view, in the summer of 1842 he began his journey westward, and rather than slowly voyage on board a schooner from Miramichi to Quebec he chose the land route. He rode on horseback from Miramichi to Dalhousie, a distance of over a hundred miles, then crossed the Restigouche river at Campbelltown with his provisions on his back, and walked across the country to the St. Lawrence river at Metis, a distance of nearly a hundred miles. The road for the greater part of the route was only a footpath, and the sole guide he and his party had was the Indian blaze; and it took three hard days’ travel to make the journey. He then walked the entire distance, two hundred miles, from Metis to Quebec, in five days. When he arrived at Bytown (now Ottawa city), he crossed the Ottawa river, and was driven to Aylmer in a vehicle called a stage, a distance of nine miles, by a man named Moses Holt, who is still alive, though bordering on his one hundredth year. The next day he took passage in a bark canoe, working his way as far as Fitzroy Harbor, a small village on the south banks of the Upper Ottawa. The following day he embarked on the steamer George Buchanan, which at her best could not steam more than five miles an hour, and came on with her as far as Farrel’s Wharf, in the township of Horton. The distance from this point to Pembroke by the then route was nearly fifty miles, and our dauntless young Scotch settler accomplished the distance in a day and a half, arriving at his destination in good health and spirits. At this time it took a traveller three days from Ottawa to Pembroke, and now the journey can be made in about as many hours. In January, 1842, he began his career as a teacher in Pembroke, the settlers having erected for him a log school-house, in the bush, and agreeing to pay him a salary of forty pounds ($60) and board for a year, which, we may say, was not always promptly paid. However, our young teacher was satisfied, and his indomitable pluck carried him through all difficulties, and he is now one of the leading men in his county. For about three years Mr. Irving filled the office of clerk of the township and village of Pembroke, and was Division Court clerk for over twenty years. In 1861 he was chosen county treasurer, and held the office until 1875. He was local superintendent of education for a part of the county before the law abolishing this office came into force; and was a member of the Board of Education for a number of years, during three of which he acted as its chairman. In 1861 he was appointed a justice of the peace; and for upwards of ten years was license inspector. In 1866 he was appointed registrar of the county of Renfrew, and this office he still holds, and devotes all his time to the performance of his duties. Mr. Irving has always taken a deep interest in municipal affairs, and it was he who during the years from 1861 to 1865 led in the county town struggle for Renfrew county, and it has since been conceded by both friends and foes that it was through his good management that Pembroke came off victorious. He has been an ardent politician, and was always found fighting in the Reform ranks. On one occasion, during a hard election contest, he was approached by an old and valued friend, and offered a lucrative office if he withdrew his opposition to the government candidate, but, with true Scotch pride, he replied, “My principles are my own; they are neither those of John A. Macdonald or George Brown, and you would think very little of me if I would abandon them for any such offer.” This answer led to an estrangement between him and his friend, but after some years his friend admitted he was right, and so the matter was forgotten. Unfortunately Mr. Irving is not so liberal in his religious views as he is in his political. He is a very strict Presbyterian; and the highest of Calvinists, and would resist to the death any innovation or reform in his church standards. In 1844 he was married to Jane Reid, the eldest daughter of the late Peter Whyte, the first settler in Pembroke. She died in 1852, and two of her children survive her. He again married in 1860, his second choice being Mary, daughter of the late Doctor William Cannon, of the Royal navy. This lady is still alive, and has been the mother of five children, four of whom are living.

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=Laliberté, Jean Baptiste=, Fur Merchant, St. Roch, Quebec, was born in the city of Quebec, in 1843. His father, who was the owner of one of the largest tanneries located on St. Valier street, in that city, sent him early to the Quebec Normal School, where he received a sound commercial education. On leaving school he commenced work with a merchant, and was afterwards apprenticed for a few years to a furrier to learn the trade. Here he soon acquired a thorough knowledge of it in all its branches, and laid the foundations of a successful business career. In May, 1867, he began, in a small way, on his own account. Being attentive and obliging and keeping all the latest styles in his stock, customers came dropping in; and at the end of five years, having worked very hard, he had accumulated sufficient means to enable him to re-build the store in which he had begun, and which had now become too small to accommodate his growing trade. After a lapse of a few more years he began again to be crowded for room; and he then decided to enlarge his premises. This time he erected a handsome building on St. Joseph street, St. Roch’s, containing six floors, 110 x 45 feet, which he now occupies. On the top of the building is a dome and flag-staff, on which he always hoists the French flag on the 24th of June of each year, this being the anniversary of his patron saint, St. Jean-Baptiste. Mr. Laliberté has made it a rule to purchase his goods in the best markets of the world, and to offer for sale only articles which may, by their excellence in regard to quality and workmanship, defy the keenest competition. Not content with visiting only the fur markets of New York, London, Paris and Leipsic, he, in 1880, and every year since, has visited in person the great fur emporium of Russia, being the first furrier from the province of Quebec who has done this. He has now branch offices in the principal cities of Europe, and his managers at these places advise him weekly as to prices, etc. Mr. Laliberté employs over three hundred persons, several of whom are constantly employed trapping and hunting in our own northern forests, and are paid the highest prices for furs and peltries in season and of the best grades. He is both an importer and exporter, and when a choice set of furs is wanted, even for the far west, the St. Roch fur emporium is generally called upon to supply it, as it is well known that from his immense stock, said to be the largest in Canada, it can readily be selected. Mr. Laliberté is erect in stature, manly in bearing, and is noted for his courteous demeanour to his fellow men. In short, he is a fair representative of the progressive French Canadian of the present day.

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=Macdonald, Augustine Colin=, Merchant, Montague, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 30th June, 1837, at Panmure, P.E.I. He is a son of Hugh Macdonald, who came from Moydart, Inverness-shire, Scotland, to Prince Edward Island in 1805, and settled at Panmure. The mother of the subject of our sketch was Catherine, daughter of A. Macdonald, of Rhue Arisaig, Inverness-shire. Augustine Colin Macdonald received his education at the Grammar School of Georgetown, and at the Central Academy, Charlottetown, P.E.I. He has taken part in all matters pertaining to the interests of the island in which he was born, and has been on several occasions a commissioner for managing the Exhibition of Local Industry for Prince Edward Island. He, too, is interested in military matters, and is captain in one of the local companies. He was first returned to the Legislative Assembly, as representative for the third electoral district of Kings county, P.E.I., in 1870. He supported the Railway bill, and on a dissolution of the house was again elected by his political friends. In 1873 he once more appealed to his constituents, and, as a supporter of “confederation” and “better terms,” was elected. When Prince Edward Island became part of the confederacy, Mr. Macdonald was returned a member of the Dominion parliament as a supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald. At the general election, held in 1874, he suffered defeat at the polls, being beaten by a small majority; but at the general election, held in 1878, he was again elected to a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa. In politics Mr. Macdonald is a Liberal-Conservative, and during his parliamentary career at Ottawa rendered good service to the government when they were carrying through the Canadian Pacific Railway bill and the national policy resolutions. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He married at Charlottetown, on the 27th June, 1865, Mary Elizabeth, sixth daughter of the late Hon. John Small Macdonald, and has a family of seven children.

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=Harris, John Leonard=, Merchant and Manufacturer, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born in Norton, Kings county, on the 27th September, 1833. He is the second son of Michael Spurr Harris, who came to Moncton with his family in 1836. Here John L. Harris received his education, and in early life became engaged with G. &. J. Salter, shipbuilders, as their bookkeeper and chief business man. About the year 1856 he associated with him his brother, C. P. Harris, in the shipbuilding business, which they carried on under the firm name of J. & C. Harris. And since 1858, as general merchants, they have largely imported British, foreign and West India goods. From this business it may be said was developed some of the most important industries of the town of Moncton, viz.: a sugar refinery and a cotton mill—and these were established in 1880 and 1882, under the supervision of this firm—J. L. Harris being the president and managing director of both companies. But it is largely to Mr. Harris’s own personal exertions and untiring energy that his native town is indebted for the accomplishment of its most important public benefit—a work which has been of equal benefit to every citizen, and has not only placed Moncton at once in a position to prosecute the industries and arts of life, but has fixed a permanent value to real estate, while it protects property from fire, and insures health, cleanliness and comfort for future generations. It was in 1878 that he organized the Moncton Gas Light and Water Company, the works of which, although extensive, were carried to completion with great promptness and success during the same year. Within three months 30,000 days’ labor were performed; and combined with this was erected the gas works, during the same year, which subsequently included a system of electric lighting. Mr. Harris has been the president and managing director of this company, as well as of the sugar and cotton manufacturing companies, from their organization to the present time; and he has for many years been active in advocating and promoting a harbor improvement enterprise for Moncton, having, with his colleagues, obtained acts of the Dominion and Local parliaments incorporating the Moncton Dock and Harbor Improvement Company. He has also been identified with other public enterprises in the town, and generally those called into existence by reason of the national policy of Canada, which he has warmly supported. He is an upholder of the principles of the Liberal-Conservative party. In 1881 and 1882 Mr. Harris was elected to the position of mayor, and thus served two years as presiding officer of the Moncton town council. He has been for many years very active in Freemasonry, and is a past master of Keith lodge; past first principal of Botsford Royal Arch Chapter; a member of the order of Knights Templars, and has taken other advanced degrees. In religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married August 11th, 1864, to Mary, second daughter of the late Alexander Cowie, M.D.

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=Joncas, Louis Zephrin=, General Agent, Grand River, M.P. for Gaspé, is of Norman descent, and was born at Grand River, in the county of Gaspé, province of Quebec, on the 26th July, 1846. His parents were Léon Joncas and Esther Beaudin. His family was during many years engaged in the fishing industry. Mr. Joncas, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the College Masson, in Terrebonne, near Montreal, and after having gone through his classical course of studies he began studying law in Montreal, but in consequence of ill health was obliged to discontinue it and go back to his native village, where during twelve years he has carried on the business of fish-curing. In 1876 Mr. Joncas was appointed sheriff of the county of Gaspé, in place of John Short, and this office he held until the 20th February, 1887, when he resigned to run for the House of Commons. Under the name and style of L. Z. Joncas & Co., he keeps at Grand River a general agency and accountant’s office. In 1883 he was chosen by the Dominion government one of the commissioners to represent Canada, and more especially the province of Quebec, at the International Fisheries Exhibition, held in London, England, and in this capacity he won golden opinions both from the British and from the Canadian press. At the Fishery Congress in connection with the International Fisheries Exhibition, Mr. Joncas read a paper on the “Fisheries of Canada,” which has been greatly appreciated both abroad and at home. Speaking of this lecture, the London Canadian Gazette of the 5th July, 1883, said: “At a conference held on Monday, the 2nd day of July inst., at the Fisheries Exhibition, the Hon. A. W. McLelan, minister of marine of Canada, presiding, a remarkably comprehensive and interesting paper upon the various fisheries of British North America was read by Mr. L. Z. Joncas, one of the Canadian commissioners at the Exhibition. The subject was a large one, but Mr. Joncas’ practical knowledge of it enabled him to do justice to all its branches, and he concentrated in his paper much information of great value upon all sections of the trade. We hope at an early date to give some extracts from it of interest to our readers. By order of the executive committee of the Exhibition this work has been published and thousands of copies are being distributed.” The London Daily Telegraph, alluding to the same paper, says: “The most important of the papers yet read at the International conference was that of Monday, 2nd instant., on the ‘Fisheries of Canada,’ by Mr. L. Z. Joncas, one of the executive commissioners for Canada, which was at once able, valuable, and as far as possible exhaustive.” In 1884 Mr. Joncas was asked to lecture on the same subject before the members of the British Association then assembled in Montreal, and he read a paper considering the fisheries from an economical point of view. This paper, which makes a pamphlet of over sixty pages, has been largely distributed both in Europe and in Canada by the Dominion government. In 1887, when Dr. Fortin, who had represented Gaspé in the House of Commons since 1867, signified his intention of resigning, Mr. Joncas was asked to come forward by a large number of the electors of Gaspé, and he was elected at the general election held on the 22nd March, 1887, to the House of Commons of Canada. In politics he is an independent Conservative; and in religion is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. On the 18th July, 1870, he married Emerentienne Blouin, of St. Valier, in the county of Bellechasse, province of Quebec, a sister to the Right Rev. F. A. Blouin, curé of Carleton, Bonaventure county, and general vicar of the diocese of Rimouski, P.Q.

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=Law, William=, Shipping and Commission Merchant, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Yarmouth, was born in Belfast, Ireland, on 5th August, 1833, and in October, 1847, he came to Yarmouth. Here he remained until 1849, when he went to Oxford, in the state of Massachusetts, and did business there until 1855, when he again took up his abode in Yarmouth. Since that time Mr. Law has been extensively engaged in business, as head of the firm of William Law & Co., shipping and commission merchants. In 1870 he was appointed a justice of the peace for Yarmouth county. He has filled the office of president of the Oriental Marine Insurance Company for eight years; and was appointed manager, for Nova Scotia, of the Boston Marine Insurance Company, in 1881. In 1886 he was chosen to represent Yarmouth county in the Nova Scotia legislature. In politics he is a Liberal, and is a strong advocate of free trade and commercial union with the United States. In his religious views he is an independent. While living in Oxford, Mass., he was married to Mary A., daughter of Enoch and Abigail Brown, of Douglas, Mass. Mr. Brown represented the town of Douglas in the Massachusetts legislature.

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=Laurie, John Wimburn=, Major-General, Oakfield, Nova Scotia, was born on the 1st October, 1835, in London, England. He is the eldest son of John Laurie, M.P. for Barnstaple, of 10 Hyde Park Terrace, London, and Marshalls, Havering atte Bower, in Essex; justice of the peace for Middlesex and Essex, and deputy-lieutenant for both counties. His mother is Eliza Helen Collett, youngest daughter of Kenrick Collett, master in Chancery, of Holcrofts, Fulham, Middlesex, England. Major-General Laurie received his education at Harrow, and Dresden, Saxony, and graduated with honors at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, obtaining a commission without purchase. He was appointed to the 2nd Queen’s Royals in depot, in 1853, and volunteered for active service against the Russians in 1854, and appointed to the 4th King’s Own regiment of foot. With this regiment he served ten months at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was twice wounded in the trenches, and was mentioned in despatches for his gallant defence of advanced positions against a largely superior force of Russians. He never missed a day’s duty during the twenty months he spent in the Crimea, except when wounded. He was present at the attacks on Sebastopol on the 18th June, with a storming party on Barrack battery on the 8th September, and at the capture of the stronghold on the 9th. September, 1855. He served at Mauritius in 1857, to keep order among the Indian coolies during the excitement consequent on the Indian mutiny; and in Central India against the rebellious Sepoys during 1858-59-60, as staff officer of a field force with irregular cavalry and camel corps, making forced marches in the Rewah and Mahi Kante districts. He was promoted to major, unattached, for distinguished service, in 1861. In 1854 and 1856 Major Laurie attended the School of Musketry at Hythe, and took a prominent part in introducing musketry instruction and rifle practice in the army. He passed a competitive examination, and entered Staff College at Sandhurst in 1861; but on the occurrence of the Trent affair he volunteered for active service, and was sent to Canada to organize the militia, and was retained in Nova Scotia by the Marquis of Normanby and General Sir Hastings Doyle, and remained as inspecting field officer until that province joined the confederation. In 1866 he placed 15,000 men under arms to repel the threatened Fenian invasion, and also took over the garrison duties at Halifax, so that the regular troops might go to the New Brunswick frontier. In 1869 he took over the duties of brigade major, and succeeded to the position of deputy adjutant-general on the death of Colonel Sinclair, continuing in command in Nova Scotia until 1881, when he was transferred to British Columbia. When on leave in England, in 1877, he offered to raise a regiment in Canada for active service against the Russians, and for this he received the personal thanks of the secretary of war; and in 1881 he volunteered and accompanied Sir Frederick Roberts to South Africa, with the expedition against the Boers of the Transvaal. On the conclusion of peace he returned and assumed command in British Columbia, and remained there until 1882, in which year he was promoted, by selection, to the rank of major-general in the army. In 1885, on the outbreak of the Servo-Bulgarian war, he was appointed commissioner to the headquarters of the Servian army, under the Red Cross Convention, and remained until the conclusion of peace in 1886, in charge of hospitals organized by him, and in carrying aid to the wounded and those suffering from contagious and epidemic diseases; and with Baron Mundy, the eminent philanthropist of Austria, jointly organized an ambulance train for the conveyance of wounded from the field by railway trains, for all of which services he received the personal and repeated thanks of the King and Queen of Servia, as well as of the Red Cross Society of Great Britain, and of Austro-Hungary. On the outbreak of Riel’s rebellion in the North-West of Canada, he volunteered for service under General Middleton, who was his junior in the army, and after joining the advanced column, was appointed commandant of base and line of communication, which position he filled until the close of the campaign. He has received, as decorations for his war services: from her Majesty, Queen Victoria, the Crimean medal, with clasp for Sebastopol, Indian mutiny medal for Central India, North-West Canada medal; from the Sultan of Turkey the Russian war medal and the Imperial Order of the Medjijie; from the King of Servia the Servian war medal and the decoration of Knight Commander of the order of St. Sava; and from the Queen of Servia, the order of the Red Cross for saving life. Major-General Laurie was elected councillor for his district, and first warden of Halifax county on the organization of the municipality in 1879, and again in 1880. He was appointed a justice of the peace for Halifax county in 1869. For ten years he has been president of the Provincial Board of Agriculture in Nova Scotia, and has been active in organizing joint stock companies for the development of manufactures. He carries on a large experimental farm at Oakfield, about twenty miles from Halifax. He has been elected for ten years grand master of the Freemasons of Nova Scotia; and was also president of the St. George’s Society of Halifax; and aided in organizing the Royal British Veteran Society, a self-supporting benefit society, composed of members who have served in the army or navy, and of which he is president. He contested Shelburne county, a Liberal stronghold, at the general election of 1887, as an independent supporter of the national policy, and was defeated by thirty-four votes. During the thirty-four years of his active service, Major-General Laurie served her Majesty in a campaign in every quarter of the globe; has written descriptive articles for the contemporary press, and was called upon by the Admiralty authorities in Britain to publish his views as to the most suitable position for a naval base for Great Britain in the Pacific. He is a strong advocate for closer union and more harmonious united work amongst all Evangelical denominations. He married, in 1863, Frances Robie, youngest daughter of the Hon. Enos Collins, of Gorsebrook, Halifax, granddaughter of the late Chief Justice Sir Brenton Haliburton, and great-granddaughter of Bishop Inglis, of Nova Scotia, who, as rector of Trinity Church, New York, at the time of the revolution, continued to offer prayers for the king, although levelled guns warned him that his life would be taken unless he desisted. Two sons are now serving in the army: the elder in the 4th King’s Own, in which General Laurie won his spurs, and the younger in the old 86th, now the Royal Irish Rifles.

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=Hall, John Smythe=, Jun., B.A., B.C.L., Q.C., M.P.P. for Montreal West, is a native of Montreal, having been born there on the 7th August, 1853. He is the son of John S. Hall and Emma Robins Brigham. Mr. Hall, sen., was a member of the old firm of Grant, Hall & Co., extensive lumbermen, and subsequently flour millers. Mr. Hall, jun., received his primary education at Bishop’s College School, Lennoxville, and afterwards entered McGill University, taking the degree of B.A. in 1874, and that of B.C.L. in 1875. He was called to the bar in 1876, and at once took a prominent place. He is now a member of the well-known law firm of Chapleau, Hall, Nicholls & Brown. He has always taken a deep interest in educational matters. In 1883 he was chosen representative fellow-in-law, and became a member of the corporation of McGill University, and re-elected to the same position in January, 1886. He was also president of the University Literary Society; in 1884 president of the Graduates’ Society; and in 1887 president of the University Club. In politics he is a Conservative, and an active member of the Junior Conservative Club, occupying the position of president in 1885. This year (1887) he was made a Q.C. Mr. Hall has taken an active interest in the volunteer force, and is now a captain in the Montreal Field Battery of Artillery. He is a member of the Church of England; and on the 3rd January, 1883, married Victoria Brigham, daughter of the late T. C. Brigham, of Ottawa. At the last general election for the province of Quebec, Mr. Hall contested Montreal West against G. W. Stephens, Liberal, and W. W. Robertson, workingman’s candidate, for a seat in the Quebec legislature, and was returned by a majority of 127 over Mr. Stephens, and 1,000 over Mr. Robertson.

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=Labelle, Rev. François Xavier Antoine=, the “Apostle of Colonization,” Parish Priest, St. Jerome, county of Terrebonne, Province of Quebec, was born in the village of Ste. Rose, Laval county, on the 14th November, 1834, his father being Antoine Labelle, a master shoemaker, who was married to Angélique Mayer. In 1844 he was sent to the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, and in that institution completed a full course of classical studies. He was chiefly remarkable at college for his sound judgment and his happy and retentive memory. The consideration he enjoyed among his fellow-students caused him to be chosen president of the Grammar Society, and vice-president of the Literary Society of the college. His favorite studies were history and philosophy, and his favorite authors DeMaistre, Balmès, DeBonald, and Nicholas, chiefly the latter, whom he possessed almost by heart, and thereby gained the surname of “Nicholas,” given him by his companions. He chose the ecclesiastical state, and received the first of the minor orders in 1852, at the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, where during three years he was a teacher, performing at the same time the humble duties of recreation room master and attendant of the convocation room. In 1855 he went to the Grand Seminary of Montreal, where he devoted himself exclusively to the study of theology. He was only twenty-two years old when he was ordained priest, in 1856, in his native village, by Mgr. Pinsonneault, eight days after the consecration of that prelate. By virtue of an edict of the Holy See the privilege of ordaining a certain number of priests before they had attained the required age, was granted to the bishop of Montreal, and Father Labelle was one of the first on whom the honor was conferred. He was appointed vicar to Father Vinet, since promoted to the dignity of prelate to the Holy See, then parish priest of the beautiful and wealthy parish of Sault-au-Récollet. The young vicar rendered great services to his curé in the difficulties the latter had to encounter in connection with the building of the Convent of the Sacred Heart. Father Labelle resided two years and a half in the parish of Sault-au-Récollet, and the parishioners expressed the livliest regret when he was sent to help the parish priest of St. Jacques-le-Mineur, Rev. Father Morin, who required rest; in this parish he resided nine months. In 1859 he was appointed parish priest of St. Antoine Abbé, a mixed parish on the border. Here he had many difficulties to smooth over as first resident curé of this parish, which had been divided in two for civil purposes by the division of the counties of Huntingdon and Chateauguay. In the midst of the greatest obstacles he had to create everything; he succeeded, however, in having the parish civilly erected and organized as a scholastic and municipal corporation, in spite of the electoral influences which prevented him from attaining his aim immediately. Religious embarrassments also existed, but thanks to the energy and tact displayed by Father Labelle, these were overcome. The impetus given to St. Antoine Abbé during the four years’ residence of the curé in that parish, placed it in the way of progress, and it is at the present day one of the most prosperous in the province of Quebec. A few years ago the humble chapel, which had been erected in the first days of the village, was demolished, and in its place stands one of the finest church edifices in the county. It was here that Rev. Father Labelle experienced a deep sorrow in the death of his father, who had followed the fortunes of his only son. In 1863 he was sent to Lacolle by his bishop, Mgr. Bourget, who had had occasion to appreciate his energy and charity. Grave difficulties had arisen, owing to the choice of a site for a new church, which had been selected outside of the village as the centre of the parish, causing division, fed by a few Protestants, who went even so far as to offer help to build the church in the village. When Father Labelle arrived to take the place of Father Bourbonnais, the situation was almost desperate; but the inhabitants of St. Antoine predicted to those of Lacolle that nothing would resist the efforts of their new pastor. And, in fact, despite the intelligence and wealth in league against him, despite the efforts of the Protestants who owned the greater portion of the territory, he succeeded through perseverance and diplomatic acuteness to make Lacolle what it is to-day, one of the finest villages in the country. When he left the parish, both Protestants and Catholics recognized his ability and admitted the justice of his previous claims. It was during his sojourn in Lacolle that the Fenian invasion of 1866 took place. The spot offered an easy access to the enemy, being at the entrance of the plain leading to St. John’s. The patriotism roused by the curé, however, in the hearts of his parishioners caused the enemies of the country to choose another point to enter Canada. “If the Fenians come here,” the pastor said, “I will place myself at your head to repel them.” In 1868 he was transferred to the curacy of St. Jerome. After having passed his first years of priesthood in the midst of struggles, it was a welcome change to the good man to settle in a quiet and well organized parish. He fell on his knees on the threshold of his presbytery to return thanks to God for his mercy. He discovered in his parishioners the spirit of union, so efficacious in the performance of noble works. The site of the village, the progress already made, the intelligence and ambition of its inhabitants, everything tended to forebode an era of happiness such as he had never before experienced. He knew the North only from geographical descriptions and hearsay; but the position of St. Jerome at the foot of the Laurentian mountains, in that broad and fertile valley of the Ottawa river, opened up to his view the perspective of a vast field for the exercise of his patriotism. He wanted to convince himself de visu of the resources of the country, and with that end in view, he organized an expedition to explore the valley to its most extreme limits, and he returned with the conviction that this vast plain should be the cradle of a numerous and vigorous population, whose industry and needs would develop an important trade. The best means to attain that end, he thought, was to build a railroad, which, reaching the Gatineau, would in after years be an immense feeder to Montreal, whilst helping to colonize that part of the province; for he had found, during his voyage, a fertile soil and a wealth of timber and minerals hardly surpassed in any other part of the Dominion. He was also thinking of the great number of willing and vigorous workers who, after receiving so many favors in their native land, left it to go and enrich the foreigner, while their own country’s resources were undeveloped for the want of their sturdy sinews. “Any subject,” he would say, “who willingly leaves the benevolent shadow of the British flag, proves a loss to the country and an evil to the subject.” Before undertaking to build a railroad, however, colonization roads must be built, the country must be opened; so he turned his attention to the roads at once. Public men know what it costs to obtain favors from a government which, in spite of its patriotism and good-will, is often-times hampered in the distribution of its favors. The influences of the southern part of the province, which set up the plea that they had not obtained enough at the hands of the government, tempered the generous impulses of the ministers. To this Father Labelle offered a strong argument: “The south has received a great deal, the north almost nothing; when the south receives, the north derives no benefit; whilst, when the north is prosperous, the overflow of its wealth benefits the south.” He begged and supplicated, but was repulsed. Nothing daunted, he kept asking. “I wish you would send your curé to his parishioners,” a minister said one day to the member for Terrebonne. “You can do that yourself,” said the latter; “if he annoys you, give him what he asks, otherwise you will never get rid of him.” After months of waiting and innumerable requests, the ministry acquiesced to the just demands of the north, and granted subsidies according to the means at the disposal of the government. Let us say right here that the zeal of Father Labelle was vigorously seconded by the Hon. Mr. Chapleau, who has always done all he could in the interest of his constituents, and also by the Hon. Mr. Masson, the late lieutenant-governor of the Province of Quebec, and the then representative of the county in the House of Commons. The zealous priest was also sustained by the successive administrations of the province, and by the sympathy and energy of the citizens of St. Jerome, among whom may be mentioned Messrs. Laviolette, M. J. B. Lefebvre-Villemure, Prévost, de Montigny, William Scott, J. A. Hervieux, and many others. The whole parish is in accord with its curé, for, in French Canada, when works of public utility are in view, political divisions are laid aside. The priests of the adjoining parishes also accorded a loyal and energetic support to Father Labelle. The principal work of this indefatigable man is certainly the railroad commenced under his auspices, known at first under the name of “Chemin à lisses de bois,” but laid to-day with steel rails. His matchless energy was displayed in its construction; and in the pursuit of this object he undertook struggles, voyages, writing, etc., the recital of which would be the recital of the stormy beginnings of two great railways which at the present day are the pride of the country. Father Labelle has always looked upon the “Colonization Railroad of the North” as part of the Canadian Pacific, and also took a great interest in the latter, which he considered as the artery destined to carry the wealth of the West, as well as the treasures of Japan and China, to our seaports through Canadian territory, favoring and feeding industry and commerce all along its immense length. He admired the plan of Sir George E. Cartier, and regretted the failure of Sir Hugh Allan, through the intrigues of his opponents, in his attempt to float the loan necessary to its construction. He foresaw, in the construction of the Pacific Railway, a powerful means of immigration, and calculated that in ten years, the indirect contributions paid by the new settlers into the Federal treasury, and the increase in value of the North-West lands, would pay the largest portion of the debt contracted for the undertaking. It is needless to add that his predictions were correct, as it has been amply proved since. His appreciation of the advantages and disadvantages offered by the diverse routes proposed, reveal the foresight of a true statesman. He worked also in the interest of the North Shore road, and helped it by his writings, visits and timely interference at critical periods. But his favorite road has always been the Colonization road. He is called its father, and he cannot possibly disclaim his offspring. He said one time, on the occasion of a visit paid him by the members of the Montreal press, that such children were the only ones the members of his calling were allowed to beget. At the same time he thanked the newspapers for the tender care they had exercised in nursing and clothing his child. If doubts existed on any one’s mind as to the important share of glory accruing to Father Labelle on account of this work, the following extracts which were communicated to us by an indiscreet friend of the curé of St. Jerome, would be sufficient to dissipate them. Sir Hugh Allan wrote him on the 25th July, 1883:—

MY DEAR FATHER LABELLE,—You have been happy to hear, I am sure, that the contract for the construction of the Colonization railroad has at last been signed. This result is in a great measure due to your industry and increasing efforts, and if there is a man who ought to reap any glory from the completion of this work, that man is yourself.

The Hon. Mr. Abbott wrote from London, under date May 5, 1873:—

It is to be regretted that your holy office should prevent you from occupying in the enterprise the position to which your efforts and influence entitle you. I know, however, that the satisfaction of having accomplished a good work on behalf of your countrymen will reward you sufficiently, from your own standpoint, for the important help you have given us from the beginning.

To-day the road is completed, and whoever is entitled to merit should receive it. Everyone knows that in consequence of unforeseen difficulties the future of the road was threatened even after the work had been undertaken. Father Labelle had arranged to get one million dollars voted by the city of Montreal, and he induced the ministry of the province to take the road under its control and to complete it. It is also said that the idea of getting the “Grand Trunk of the North” built by the government originated with him. The part he had taken in these events was recognized in a measure by the commissioners who named one of the first engines placed on the line, “Rev. A. Labelle.” On the fiftieth anniversary of Father Labelle’s birthday, at a dinner given at St. Jerome, on the 29th November, 1884, were gathered together ministers, journalists, members of parliament, aldermen and representative men from all parts of the province, and all with common accord applauded the work he had done. And we may say here that the tact he displayed in the circumstance justified what had been said of him on a previous occasion by a citizen distinguished among his English and Protestant brethren: “Father Labelle,” he said, “should be prime minister of Canada instead of curé of St. Jerome.” The following is an extract of a speech delivered on that eventful occasion:—

Father Labelle to-day can look back on thirty years of feverish and unceasing activity; thirty years of courageous and plodding energy; his career has been stormy rather than peaceful, and has already borne more abundant fruit than many ordinary existences. His physical health is good, but requires a rest which the will instinctively refuses on account of this fever of labor and activity which unceasingly devours and consumes. The mind is ever vigorous and keenly perceptive, while the intellect and judgment have ripened under the influence of work and time, and to-day the results are most abundant and precious. The nature of our good curé is so full of vigor and exuberance that in his fiftieth year he spreads movement, activity and life everywhere around him; his character is so essentially expansive that his ideas, his projects, his hopes, so clearly elucidated, pervade those who come in contact with him. He carries so much conviction that one must needs yield to him. Is it astonishing that he should have wielded, in all spheres, an influence often dominating and decisive? The grandeur of conception, the vigor displayed in the execution of the most difficult enterprises, his proverbial disinterestedness, his sound judgment constantly seconded by deep and varied studies, an astonishing memory, a character bending itself to the most dissimilar circumstances, unassailable honesty of purpose, an openness of heart which has always proved to him the best of policies, are certainly, among others, enough qualities to make him, perhaps, the most popular and most enlightened man of our country. His influence has been felt everywhere. His counsels have ever been wise and cautious. His practical mind was never embarrassed by the most difficult problems of theology or social and political economy. His courage has ever been undaunted, either before obstacles or adversaries, and his honesty has never flinched or given way to the wiles of a corrupt world. The holy robes he wears have never been soiled, and at the present time they are as immaculate as on the day the young Levite donned them to devote himself to the service of the Divine Master. As the drop of water, slowly and patiently wending its way through the obstacles which men and accidents may throw on its passage; as the impetuous torrent upsetting all obstacles in its mad race, Father Labelle has succeeded in all his enterprises; but then these enterprises were great, they were national, they were undertaken in the interest of religion and for the welfare of the country, and only those who were traitors to their religion and their country were opposed to their execution. Is it to be wondered at, under such conditions, that he was enabled to occupy the most difficult positions and master fortresses, until his advent thought impregnable? He was never known, however, to soil his hands with the booty of the vanquished, to take a share of the spoils of the victor, or impose hard and unjust conditions under the assumption that might is right. He never exalted his victories over the weakness of those he disarmed. He always looked forward to the triumph of truth and justice and the greatness of our country; not to the humiliation of men and the abasement of character. Richelieu once said: ‘I never undertake anything without mature reflection; but my resolution once taken, I go straight to the end I have in view; I break all obstacles and I cover the whole with my purple robe.’ In his case the prince of the church gave way to the statesman. In the latter respect, it was not Richelieu who was the model of Father Labelle. But let us change the scene; we will transport ourselves to a more genial climate, far from the tainted atmosphere of the court of Louis XIII., far from the bloody fields of battle, of murder and assassination, where Richelieu had to play his rôle of statesman, and we will find, from the Canadian standpoint, a great similarity of character and works between the great French minister and the humble Canadian priest who, in the course of a few years, will change the face of a considerable portion of this province. The former contributed in large measure to the foundation of the colony; the latter, when his colonization scheme will be realized in all the grandeur of its conception, will have doubled the value, the wealth, the power of our province; both will have had the same energy and the same courage; on a different theatre, they will have obtained wonderful success. Let me add that the life of Father Labelle is an illustrious example to those who aim at being true patriots: to serve God and country. He is one of the most accomplished types of that hardy Franco-Canadian race which is called upon to accomplish grand and noble deeds, provided its descendants remember the history of its origin, its struggles and its triumphs; and rise to the height of the mission assigned them by Providence. To attain that end they must set aside the cruel broils of politics, the rancour of partyism we witness to-day, and they must work together for the common good of our common country, and, following the example of the beloved pastor, take as a motto: ‘Energy, faith in God, and hope in the future.’ The true Franco-Canadian race, the French-Catholic race, has become incarnate in the large heart of Father Labelle, and even to-day a monument might be raised to him bearing the inscription dedicated to the heroes of all times and all climes: ‘To Father Labelle, a tribute of love from a grateful country.’

Father Labelle’s winning affability is proverbial, and in the midst of his enormous labors he always finds a moment to speak on any subject that might be of interest to his listeners. Ever ready to help the humblest of his parishioners, his generosity often oversteps the limit of his means, for he has not the leisure to figure up his fortune. The following incident is an example of his charity, which we publish at the risk of raising his ire: During a very severe winter the price of cordwood had risen in the city of Montreal to the fabulous figure of $20 a cord, owing to a “combine” of men who would have been insulted had anyone dared to assert that they were not honest. Father Labelle called on his parishioners, in the name of charity, to help the poor of Montreal in their sore need of fuel, and the result was that an immense procession of sleds loaded with cordwood, the good curé leading, was seen wending its way from St. Jerome to Montreal (a distance of thirty-three miles), and there distributed to the most needy and deserving poor of the city. This generous action was repeated the following winter. Besides his railroad undertakings, Father Labelle has been the means of a college being built in St. Jerome; a three-story brick building, having a frontage of eighty feet, with a lateral chapel, where the youth of the surrounding district receive a commercial, agricultural, and religious education under the direction of the Rev. Fathers of the Holy Cross. As soon as the railroad was completed to St. Jerome, Father Labelle undertook to supply the necessary traffic. He is convinced that the Laurentian range contains considerable mineral wealth, and geological reports prove his assertions. With the view of working and developing these mines, he immediately applied at every door to raise the necessary capital. His parishioners subscribed a few thousand dollars; but the resources are so slender, and the expenses so heavy to start on a solid basis, that he must receive more substantial help. It may be said, by the way, that minerals being one of the greatest sources of wealth of a country, there is no reason why the government should not give grants to the energetic men who undertake to search for those treasures in a practical manner. His many and varied occupations do not interfere with the exemplary regularity of the exercise of his holy ministry. His sermons are always remarkable for their characteristic clearness and practical common sense. Thoroughly orthodox, he never deviates from the strict doctrines of his church, which he believes accords with progress; as a result, in his parish, church and state go hand-in-hand, to the satisfaction of all parties. Far from feeling any pride in his successes, he makes them subservient to the glory of God, the primary cause and author of all greatness. The theological lore of Father Labelle is very profound, and he has had many occasions to elucidate very intricate questions. His lordship, Bishop Duhamel, honored him with his confidence, and delegated to him a part of his power for the purpose of erecting canonical parishes in the southern part of his diocese. Right Rev. Mgr. Conroy, delegated by the Holy See to adjust certain differences which had arisen in Canada in connection with the establishment of the branch of Laval University, at Montreal, wrote the following letter to Father Labelle, on the 19th March, 1877: “I reckon on your great and well-deserved influence. I shall always be glad to see you, and I shall do my best to meet your wishes as far as I possibly can do so.” After the decision of the Holy See in favor of Laval, Father Labelle was one of the most energetic workers, and did no small amount of work in connection with the establishment of the branch university in Montreal. The late Bishop Bourget was ably seconded by Father Labelle in the erection, for civil purposes, of the new parishes of Montreal. After the Guibord case had been settled, a bill was passed to prevent the recurrence of such difficulties and to meet the views of her Majesty, Queen Victoria, as intimated by her to Lord Dufferin; Father Labelle was entrusted with the drawing up of the bill. He was also instrumental, and did more than his share of the work, both here and at Rome, to obtain the division of the ecclesiastical provinces of Montreal and Ottawa. Since 1883, he has been sent to France by the Federal government for the purpose of making our country better known in Europe and promoting more extended commercial relations. At the present time (1887), he is engaged on the extension of the Montreal and Western Railway to Lake Temiscamingue, and there are already seventy miles under contract. He is also interested in a new cattle ranch at Wood Mountain, near Regina, N.W.T., etc. We cannot conclude this imperfect sketch without mentioning the charming bonhomie which in Father Labelle’s case, takes the place of the most refined courteousness. When his wine cellar is empty, his smoking-room is abundantly supplied, and in either case he receives the most illustrious men of the country with the greatest ease. Let us add that his venerable mother, who presides over the internal administration of his household, contributes, by her politeness and kind attentions, to make the presbytery of St. Jerome the most popular resort of the surrounding parishes. The priests of the neighborhood and the notable men of the province frequently visit the worthy pastor when in need of information, or in quest of rest and relaxation from their onerous duties.

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=Hale, Frederick Harding=, Lumber Merchant, Woodstock, M.P. for Carleton, New Brunswick, was born at Northampton, in the county of Carleton, N.B., on the 8th December, 1844. His father, Martin Hale, was born in Ireland, and came to Canada, when a child, with his parents. His mother was Hulda Dickinson, daughter of Harding Dickinson, a U. E. loyalist. Mr. Hale received his education in the schools in Carleton county; and afterwards turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and for the last twenty-five years has been heavily engaged in the manufacture and sale of all kinds of lumber at Northampton and Woodstock. A few years ago he entered the political arena, and at the general election held in the spring of 1887 was elected to represent the county of Carleton in the Dominion parliament at Ottawa. Mr. Hale is a director of the St. John Valley Railway. He takes an interest in Masonry, and is a member of the Woodstock lodge; and also a member of the Woodstock Royal Arch Chapter. In politics he is a Liberal; and in religion an adherent of the Free Baptist church. Mr. Hale has been twice married. On the 20th June, 1869, to Rhoda, daughter of the late George McGee; she died on the 16th June, 1870. And on the 17th June, 1873, to Emma E., daughter of Moses Boyer.

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=Nelles, Samuel Sobieski=, D.D., LL.D., who died at Cobourg, on the 17th October, 1887, on his sixty-fourth birthday, was born of worthy Methodist parents at Mount Pleasant, near Brantford, Ontario, on 17th October, 1823. He attended the Lewiston Academy, New York, during 1839 and 1840, under the tutorship of the poet, J. G. Saxe, whose peculiarly pungent wit the doctor often rivalled in after life. The year following he entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, where he was converted and where he connected himself with the Methodist church. Two years later he became one of the two first matriculating students at Victoria University, Cobourg, the institution that was afterwards to achieve prosperity under his guidance, then presided over by Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D. During the two subsequent years spent at Victoria College he obtained a local preacher’s license, and distinguished himself, the venerable Dr. Carroll says, for “intellect and eloquence.” Seeking his degree at an older institution, he graduated at the Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn., in 1846, and spent the next year as head master of the Newburgh Academy, whence he was recommended to the ministry by the Napanee Quarterly Official Board. In 1847 he was received on trial at Port Hope, and preached during 1848 and 1849 at Toronto East, in the old Adelaide street church, which has since been replaced by the Metropolitan, when he was received into full connection, ordained and sent to London as colleague of Rev. John Carroll, D.D., for the first quarter of 1850. It was then that the church wanted a man to take the presidency of their connexional university at Cobourg, an institution that had been founded in 1837 as an academy, had been created a university in 1841, and was then fighting a hard battle for a precarious existence. Samuel S. Nelles, M.A., was the man unanimously chosen, and taken, sorely against his will, from the London charge early in 1850 and installed as successor to the Rev. Alex. McNabb, D.D., in the president’s chair of Victoria University. From this time forward the career of Dr. Nelles is very closely identified with that of the college to which he fully devoted his best energies, his keen intellect, his marvellous power of management and his ripe culture. Finding the institution financially feeble, he travelled the country with persistent energy, appealing, and seldom in vain, to Methodists to support their college, and its rapid growth and success in keeping abreast with the times are largely due to his untiring labors. Together with the late Rev. Dr. Punshon, he undertook to raise an endowment of $100,000 for the college, and the best comment upon their faithful efforts is that they succeeded in swelling that amount to $150,000. Some ten years ago this indefatigable worker persuaded the people of Cobourg to erect a magnificent science building, known as Faraday Hall. In 1861 he received the honorary degree of D.D. from Queen’s University, which was followed in 1872 by the degree of LL.D. He was elected General Conference representative to the conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, United States, in 1864; and associate representative to the Eastern British American Conference in 1868; to the English Wesleyan Conference with Rev. Dr. Dewart in 1873, and to the British Conference, held in Newcastle, in 1883. The deceased was professor of moral and mental philosophy, as well as president at Victoria College, since his first connection with that institution; and in the University Act, passed at the time of Methodist union, he was created chancellor of the university. The doctor was one of the original framers of the University Federation scheme, and gave it vigorous advocacy by platform and press, but as the face of the scheme was changed, largely because of the defection of other colleges, he withdrew his support. He was married early in life to the eldest daughter of Rev. Dr. Wood, of Davenport, who survives him. Four children have blessed the union, all of whom are living. The only son is now practising law with Cameron & Co., at Tilbury Centre; the eldest daughter is the widow of the late Kenneth Dingwall, an eminent barrister of Hamilton, while the two youngest are still unmarried.

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=Drolet, Jacques Francois Gaspard=, Quebec, Auditor of the Province of Quebec, was born at Quebec on the 23rd January, 1828. His parents were Gaspard Drolet, advocate; and Marie Antoinette LeBlond, daughter of Jacques LeBlond, advocate. He received a full and complete course of classics at the Quebec Seminary. He entered the public service in 1862 in the department of Public Works of Canada; and was appointed auditor of the province of Quebec in 1867, under section 20 of the Treasury Department Act, 31 Vict., cap. 9, province of Quebec; 46 Vict., cap. 4, section 3, 1883, which enacts “that the provincial auditor shall hold office during good behavior, but be removable by the lieutenant-governor upon an address of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly.” He was president of the Institut Canadien in 1859-60. In 1869, he, along with J. W. Dunscomb, collector of her Majesty’s Customs at the port of Quebec, and François Vézina, cashier of La Banque Nationale, were appointed a Board of Commissioners to enquire into and report upon the civil service of the province. In 1875 he was on a commission with J. G. Bossé, Q.C., and James Dunbar, Q.C., to enquire into the settlement of the Quebec Fire Loan; and in 1883 he was appointed a commissioner along with L. Tellier and Lieut.-Colonel A. A. Stevenson, on an enquiry on the public service. He has taken an active interest in the Volunteer movement; and during the Trent difficulty held the rank of captain in the 7th battalion of Chasseurs. Mr. Drolet is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and holds the position of church warden. He was married at Montreal, in August, 1850, to Marie Louise Eugénie, daughter of the Hon. Jean Casimir Bruneau, judge of the Superior Court, and niece of the Hon. F. P. Bruneau, one of the Legislative councillors appointed by Lord Sydenham in 1841, and of Dr. Bruneau, for a number of years professor and lecturer of McGill College, Montreal. The living issue of this marriage is three sons and three daughters. The eldest son is Joseph Eugène, advocate; Jean Casimir, Roman Catholic priest; third son, Joseph Charles Gaspard, captain in the 9th battalion Quebec Rifles. Captain Joseph C. G. Drolet went through the North-West campaign with his regiment, and is now adjutant of the Royal School of Mounted Infantry at Winnipeg, Manitoba.

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=Whitney, Henry A.=, Moncton, New Brunswick, Mechanical Superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway, was born at St. Stephen, New Brunswick, on the 11th February, 1834. His parents were Beriah Whitney and Lucy Hall, and both were descended from very early settlers in America. The first of the Whitney family emigrated from Wales, England, about the year 1640, and settled in the state of Connecticut. Of the mother’s progenitors, the Howland branch came over with the Pilgrim Fathers in 1620; and the Hall branch emigrated from Hull, England, about 1650, and made their home on Long Island. Henry A. Whitney received a common school education at St. Stephen, New Brunswick, and at Calais, Maine. As early as 1852 he began his connection with railways, and with the exception of a short interval in the years 1853-4, has been in the railway service ever since. During these thirty years he has occupied various positions on government railways, such as foreman, engine driver, shop hand, locomotive foreman, and is now mechanical superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway. He has been obliged to change his residence several times since he began his useful career, having removed from St. Stephen to Moncton in 1857; to St. John in 1858; to Shediac in 1861; and lastly to Moncton in 1872, where he has since resided. In politics Mr. Whitney takes little interest; but in religion he may be classed among the Universalists, having held, from youth up, that our Heavenly Father will finally bring all his erring children home to his house of many mansions. He was married on the 13th of December, 1861, to Margaret J. Lindsay, of St. John, New Brunswick. This lady died on the 22nd May, 1872. On the 5th of May, 1874, he was married to his second wife, Henrietta Elliott, of Moncton, New Brunswick.

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=Fitch, Edson=, Manufacturer, Quebec, Grand First Principal of Royal Arch Masonry in the province of Quebec, is a native of Glen’s Falls, New York state, having been born there in 1838. He is a direct descendant of Governor Thomas Fitch, who was governor of the colony of Connecticut, in 1756, under the reign of George II. The family is one of the oldest in the United States. They were originally from Eltham, county of Kent, England, and came to America, landing in Boston, Mass., in 1634. The homestead of the governor, in Norwalk, Conn., is still in possession of the family, being owned by the subject of this sketch and his sister. Mr. Fitch received his educational training in his native parish. In 1861 he entered the American army as a lieutenant, and was at once sent to the front on active service. During the winter of 1862-3 he received a commission as captain, and was present with General McClellan during the peninsular campaign, and took part in all the principal engagements until the first day’s fight in the battle of the Wilderness, 5th May, 1864, when he was severely wounded, having been shot through the body. This confined him to the rear for about three months, at the end of which time he returned to his post, where he remained till the close of 1864, when, his time having expired, he was mustered out of the service. He was on staff duty most of the time, having been in twenty-seven engagements, fighting under Generals McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Grant. When he returned from the service he held the position of acting assistant inspector-general and chief of staff of the first brigade of the second division of the Second Army Corps. On that occasion he received the following flattering letter:—

HEAD-QUARTERS 1ST BRIGADE 2nd Div. 2nd Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, near Petersburg, Va. Nov. 3, 1864. Capt. Edson Fitch, Brig. In. 2nd Brig. 2nd Div., 2nd A.C.,

CAPTAIN,—Having learned that you are about to retire from the military service of the United States government, I avail myself of what may be the only opportunity I shall have of communicating to you an expression of the high regard I entertain for you as a brave, competent, efficient and gentlemanly officer, and of the regret that you are to be even temporarily lost to the service which you have honored on so many occasions by your gallant conduct. As chief of staff of the brigade which I had the honor to command at the late battle at Hatcher’s Run, you in no small degree contributed to that success which won for our brave troops the encomiums of the generals commanding. To the consciousness of having faithfully discharged your whole duty, which you will carry with you to private life, I desire to add the assurance that you also have the confidence and kindest regards of your old comrades in arms, who still hope, at no very distant period, to welcome you again to the tented field.

I am, Captain, very truly yours, JAS. M. WILLET, Col. 8th N. Y. H. Art’y, Comdg. 1st Brigade.

In 1867, Captain Fitch came to Canada with the intention of organizing the business he is now engaged in, that of manufacturing match splints, and settled at Montmorency, Quebec, but was burnt out there. He then removed to Etchemin, county of Levis, where he established his business, and has had a most successful career. Twice he has seen his factory destroyed by fire, but his indomitable pluck and perseverance have carried him through. The business of manufacturing match splints is one the magnitude of which few outsiders can realize. The factory owned by Mr. Fitch is the largest of its kind in the world, making nearly ninety millions of matches in a single day To reach this almost inconceivable result, five hundred hands are employed, and no less than twenty millions of feet of timber are cut up in the course of a single year. Early in life Mr. Fitch connected himself with Masonry, having, in 1861, been initiated in Senate lodge, No. 456, G.R. of N.Y., held at Glen’s Falls. In 1868, desiring further knowledge in Masonry, he applied for the Royal Arch degrees to Stadacona Chapter, No. 2, G.R.Q., and was exalted in that chapter on 22nd October, 1868. In 1873, he affiliated with Tuscan lodge, No. 28, G.R.Q., held at Levis, and occupied the worshipful master’s chair in that lodge in 1876 and 1877. In 1877 he was elected grand senior warden of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, and in 1880 was appointed D.D.G. Master for Quebec and Three Rivers district, and held that office two years and a half. In 1882 he was unanimously elected deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge. In 1884, the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons chose him as their grand third principal; in 1885 and again in 1886 as grand second principal, and at the last meeting of the Grand Chapter, held in the city of Montreal, in January, 1887, he was placed, by the voice of the companions assembled, in the exalted position of grand first principal. He was one of the charter members of William de la More, the Martyr Preceptory of Knights Templars at Quebec, with which body he is still connected. He has been chairman of the Committee of Benevolence and Charity of the Grand Lodge since 1882. He is representative in Quebec of the Grand Lodge of California and Grand Chapter of Indiana. And he has always taken an active part in all matters pertaining to the craft in his district and province, and is an ardent supporter of the principle of Grand Lodge sovereignty. In politics Mr. Fitch is a Liberal; and in religion is an adherent of the Baptist church. He was married to Mary A., second daughter of the late James Bowen, of Quebec.

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=Badgley, Rev. Prof. E. I.=, M.A., B.D., LL.D., Victoria University, Cobourg.—Professor Badgley, of United Empire loyalist descent, was born in Prince Edward county, which county was also the birth place of his father and mother. At the time of the American revolution his great-grandfather owned a large landed property in the state of New Jersey, but having espoused the royalists’ cause, his property was confiscated. Preferring citizenship under the British Crown rather than in the Republic, he determined to find a home in the then wilderness of Canada. Pursued as an enemy and a fugitive, he suffered many hair-breadth escapes. For several days he lay concealed in his hayloft, where more than once the enemy searched for him, repeatedly walking over him as he lay buried beneath the hay. From this place of concealment he escaped to find refuge for three days in a potato pit. After many adventures scarcely less perilous, he finally was enabled to reach Canada, whither his family in due time followed him. They settled about six miles from Belleville, in what is now the township of Thurlow. Dr. Canniff, in his work on the “Settlement of Upper Canada,” mentions him and his sons as among the first settlers north of the village of Cannifton. His wife’s name was Lawrence, whom he married in England, and through that connection repeated efforts have been made to secure for the heirs a supposed fortune lying to their credit, so far, however, without any success. One of the sons, Professor Badgley’s grandfather, finally settled in Prince Edward county, from which place he went to Kingston to do service for his country, in 1812. By an exchange of property the family removed to Thurlow, where his mother, whose maiden name was Howard, still lives. With an ardent desire for a better training than the public school could furnish, Professor Badgley left the farm when seventeen years of age, and entered as a student at Belleville Seminary, afterwards Albert University. He graduated with the second-class in 1868, and immediately entered upon the work of the ministry, in connection with the late Methodist Episcopal church. After three years of successful labor, he returned to Albert College as an adjunct professor in metaphysics and mathematics. Three years later, on the election of Dr. Carman, president of the university, to the episcopacy, Professor Badgley was appointed to the chair of mental and moral philosophy, which he satisfactorily filled for a period of ten years. While in the ministry, and during the period he served as adjunct professor, he pursued a definite line of reading, and regularly graduated in both theology and law. As a result of Methodist union, Albert University was consolidated with Victoria, in 1884, since which date he has held the chair of mental philosophy and logic in the latter university. For several years Professor Badgley was a regular contributor to the editorial columns of the Canada Christian Advocate, and has frequently written for the “Canadian Methodist Magazine.” He was a delegate to the Ecumenical Methodist Conference, in London, in 1881, where he read an important paper on ministerial education. At different times and places he has delivered several addresses on metaphysical and philosophical subjects, the publication of which has been frequently requested. In May, 1887, he delivered the tenth annual lecture before the Theological Union of Victoria University, on “Faith, vs. Knowledge.” In 1870 he was married to Emma Bell, daughter of John S. Bell, Napanee, whose father was an officer in the British army, and on whose confiscated property a part of the city of Albany now stands. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.

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=McConnell, John=, M.D., M.C.P.S.O., Toronto, Lieutenant 12th Battalion York Rangers, was born in the township of Scarboro’, on the 4th March, 1846. His father, John McConnell, served under Mr. Howard, of High Park, in the defence of Little York (Toronto), during the time of the William Lyon McKenzie rebellion. He was an adherent of the Methodist church, and acted in the capacity of local preacher for about forty years; he was also a justice of the peace, and a man greatly respected in his day. His mother, Elizabeth McGaw, was a daughter of the late Andrew McGaw, of Port Hope. Both families first settled in Scarboro’ about 1836. Dr. McConnell’s father, after a residence of about ten years there, bought the farm, lot twenty-three, second concession, of Markham, and removed there in 1849. The subject of our sketch was the fourth son of the above union, born in the old homestead in Scarboro’, and accompanied his parents to their new home. He received his primary education in the public schools of Markham, where he remained until 1859. Then he began to entertain ideas of supporting himself, and hired out to a farmer at $10 a month, for the summer season. This engagement completed, he returned home, and his father sent him to the Grammar School, Richmond Hill, then under the charge of the late Rev. John Boyd, B.A. Soon after he entered this school, Mr. Boyd resigned, and was succeeded by L. H. Evans, B.A., of Trinity College, under whose able tuition young McConnell remained for three years. Early in 1863 he underwent an examination, and succeeded in gaining a second-class A. certificate, which gave him great satisfaction. He then applied for a situation as teacher in a number of school sections, but owing to his youth, he did not succeed until December of that year, when he obtained a school in York township, with a salary of £67 10s. per annum, when he began his real battle with the world. During the following year he undertook the somewhat difficult task of preparing himself for a matriculation examination in the Toronto University, and also to prepare for a first-class certificate as a teacher. He succeeded in both, and moreover, secured an advance of £10 to his salary for the next year, which was of great use to him. During 1864 he commenced the study of medicine. In 1866 he left York township and removed to Scarboro’, where he secured a school at £90 a year. From here he was in the habit of driving thirteen miles four days a week to prosecute his medical studies in Toronto, and the following spring he matriculated in medicine. He continued teaching until October, when he relinquished his school and became a student in the Toronto School of Medicine. In the spring of 1867 he passed his primary examination at the University of Toronto, and was admitted as an undergraduate in the Toronto Hospital, and also placed in charge of the Burnside Lying-in Hospital, Sheppard street. Notwithstanding these somewhat onerous duties, he attached himself to the military school in connection with the 13th Hussars, a British regiment of cavalry then stationed at the New Fort, Toronto, under the command of the late Colonel Jennings, one of the heroes of the Light Brigade, and from whom he received many evidences of respect and kindness. He was attached as an officer of the Oak Ridge troop of cavalry, to which he had belonged from 1860, when, on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales, it was stationed in Toronto, and was with this troop, under arms, at Richmond Hill (headquarters) during the Fenian troubles, in 1866. Before leaving the Military School, in the autumn of 1868, he received from Colonel Jennings a first-class certificate, which he is proud still to possess. He then returned to his lectures in the university—still retaining his position in the hospital—and worked hard both in and out of school, so that when the examination came on in the spring, he passed a most critical examination, and succeeded in securing the degree of M.B. He received his diploma on the 11th June, 1869, and commenced to practise his profession at Thornhill, township of Vaughan, York county, where he practised for fifteen years, when he removed to Brockton, in 1882, then a suburb of, and now part of, the city of Toronto. Shortly after taking up his residence in Brockton, he was elected reeve of the village by acclamation; and in 1884, when it was annexed to Toronto as St. Mark’s ward, the doctor represented it in the city council. He is coroner for the county of York, and has held the position of president of the West York Reform Association, and also of the Reform Association of Vaughan. In June, 1886, Dr. McConnell was gazetted second lieutenant of the 12th Battalion York Rangers, and in June, 1887, was attached to “C.” Royal School of Infantry, New Fort Barracks, Toronto, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Otter, and was awarded a second-class certificate, and received his commission as first lieutenant of the York Rangers. As a professional man, he is endowed with a kindly disposition, and is never slow to help any poor person-visiting his office for medical advice or medicine. Dr. McConnell has been for four years attendant physician to the Protestant Orphans’ Home, of Toronto, where two hundred orphan children are supported by the charitable people of the city and neighborhood, and his watchful care has not only been gratuitous, but productive of the most gratifying results. Besides practising his profession, he has interested himself in real estate, and is now one of the largest property owners in the ward of St. Mark. His career points a moral which our young men would do well to study, showing as it does that perseverance and attention to duty is a greater requisite to success in life than to be born to affluence. He was married previous to his beginning his practice, to Miss Powell, of York township, and during their residence at Thornhill, eight children were born to them, five daughters and three sons, and of these, three daughters and one son survive.

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=Roberts, Charles George Douglas=, M.A., Professor of Modern Literature, King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born at Douglas, near Fredericton, New Brunswick, on the 10th of January, 1860. His father, the Rev. G. Goodridge Roberts, M.A., rector of Fredericton, was the eldest son of the late George Roberts, Ph.D., a gentleman of English descent, formerly headmaster of Fredericton Collegiate School, and professor of classics in the University of New Brunswick. Our poet comes of a line of ancestors more or less conspicuous as scholars, upon both maternal and paternal sides. His mother, Emma Wetmore Bliss Roberts, daughter of the late Judge Bliss, also of Fredericton, comes of an old loyalist family, of which Emerson’s mother was a member. Mr. Roberts, the subject of this sketch, was educated at Fredericton Collegiate School, where he took the Douglas medal for classics. In 1877, while at the University of New Brunswick, he took a classical scholarship, with honors in Greek and Latin; in 1878, the alumni gold medal for an essay in Latin; and in 1879 graduating with honors in metaphysics and ethics. In this year he was appointed head-master of Chatham, New Brunswick, Grammar School. In 1880 his first volume of verse, entitled “Orion and other Poems,” was published by J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia; and in 1881 he took his degree of M.A., and according to the ordinary acceptation of the term, “finished his education,” though a man’s education may never truly be said to be finished while he is an inhabitant of this mortal sphere, and retains his faculties. Yet the foregoing statements prove that Mr. Roberts had acquired much knowledge at a very early age, and at a very early age was inspired by the soul of song. No one can doubt this who has read the following extract, which we take from his lines entitled “To the Spirit of Song”:

Surely I have seen the majesty and wonder, Beauty, might, and splendor, of the soul of song; Surely I have felt the spell that lifts asunder Soul from body, when lips faint and thought is strong.

These lines are to be found on the first page of his volume, entitled “Orion, and other Poems,” and unquestionably show genius in the boy under twenty years of age, for it would have been impossible for any one not possessed of the soul of song to have conceived them. Had the first, third, fourth, eleventh, and thirteenth lines been equal to those we have quoted, the concluding line—

Lowly I wait the song upon my lips conferred

—would have made the picture of the dark-eyed, dark-haired aspirant for immortality, kneeling before the white-robed angel, a simply perfect creation. The poem “Orion” is an outcome of his early love for classical literature, and when we consider that it was written by a boy standing on the threshold of life, it is wonderful; and shows distinctly what he may attain in coming years, when at the zenith of his power. This poem contains many lines of unsurpassed beauty. We quote the following couplet, which is taken from that part of the poem which describes Orion lying upon the seashore in his utter wretchedness, when the drug administered by the king is beginning to affect him. The scene is described as, at the setting of the sun—

The deep-eyed Night drew down to comfort him, And lifted her great lids, and mourned for him.

And again, later in the night, a slave comes with the king bearing a cup containing the juice with which he puts out Orion’s eyes, and a servitor bearing a torch, before whose light—

All the darkness shuddered and fled back.

And how beautiful are the lines sung by the weeping sea-nymphs—

We all are made heavy of heart, we weep with thee, sore with thy sorrow; The sea to its utmost part, the night from the dusk to the morrow.

And again, when he regains his sight—

All the morning’s majesty And mystery of loveliness lay bare Before him; all the limitless blue sea Brightening with laughter many a league around. Wind wrinkled, etc.

But it may be that the genius of Mr. Roberts is nowhere so apparent as in a short poem of his that we have seen somewhere, entitled, “Off Pelorus,” the first stanza of which is an exquisite piece of word-painting, combined with the very soul of song. We quote from memory—

Crimson swims the sun-set over far Pelorus, Burning crimson tops its frowning crest of pine; Purple sleeps the shore, and floats the wave before us, Eachwhere from the oar-stroke eddying warm like wine.

It is impossible to separate true poetry from its sister, painting, and here the two walk hand in hand. The rich coloring of the painter, the subtle thought and music of the poet, and all developed strongly, so as to come within the immediate grasp of ordinary intelligence. We have not seen Mr. Roberts’ prose writing, but we are informed that he has written much that is masterly in thought and style; can do good battle in a political discussion, and has peculiar and abundant gifts in the field of criticism. In 1882 he was appointed head-master of York Street School, Fredericton. In 1883 he accepted the position of editor of The Week, a Toronto weekly, from which he, finding his tastes did not harmonize with the director’s, retired in four months, when he returned to New Brunswick, and was there engaged with several literary undertakings, till his call, in 1885, to the University of King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, as professor of English and French literature and political economy. In 1887 he published his most important work, “In Divers Tones” (Montreal: Dawson Bros.; Boston: D. Lothrop & Co.), which has been very favorably received. Professor Roberts is a contributor to most of the notable publications printed in the English language; among these may be mentioned “Longman’s,” “The Century,” “Wide Awake,” and “Outing.” Mr. Roberts is a member of the Church of England, and was married December 29th, 1880, to Mary Isabel Fenety, daughter of George E. Fenety, Queen’s printer, of Fredericton, New Brunswick. By this marriage he has three children.

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=Chicoyne, Jerome Adolphe=, Advocate, Sherbrooke, was born on the 22nd August, 1844, at St. Pie, county of Bagot, province of Quebec. His paternal ancestors came over from France at the time Mr. de Maisonneuve was recruiting settlers for the colony of Ville-Marie. His name was Pierre Chicoyne, and his place in France was and is still called Channay, in the old Province of Anjou. He became proprietor of the fief Bellevue, in the parish of Verchères, which fief still belongs to his descendants. Members of the family continue to reside in the same place and vicinity in France, and intercourse is regularly kept up between them from both sides of the ocean. A new settlement, started in the township of Woburn, at the head of Lake Megantic, in the county of Beauce (where the subject of our sketch felled the first tree on the 8th December, 1880), is named Channay, as a reminiscence of the place wherefrom his ancestor came. Mr. Chicoyne was educated at the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe, and followed the usual course—eight years. He was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada on the 17th September, 1868, at Montreal; and after practising at St. Hyacinthe until 1872, was compelled to quit it in consequence of ill-health. He then became attached to the department of agriculture of the province of Quebec, as colonization agent, and has ever since been connected with the colonization movement in the Eastern Townships. In 1875 he left St. Hyacinthe with his family, and settled at La Patrie, one of the new settlements organized by him in his capacity of government agent. In 1880, he started a colonization scheme (under the patronage of both the Provincial and Federal governments) in France, which resulted in the influx of considerable French capital and immigrants to these townships. Some of the results may now be seen in the great progress achieved by the village of Megantic, in the county of Compton, and in the above mentioned settlement of Channay. In January, 1886, he took the direction of Le Pionnier, the oldest French paper in the Eastern Townships, which paper has largely contributed to, and still helps, the settlement of that comparatively new section of the country. He took part for the first time in politics during the elections of 1867, in the Conservative interest, and is still, and has ever been a most devoted and faithful worker in the Conservative ranks. Mr. Chicoyne has made four trips to Europe, and has visited England, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy, and while in these countries studied the political economy and social questions of the age. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic church. On the 7th January, 1868, he was married at St. Hyacinthe, to Dame Caroline Perreault.

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=Elliott, Edward=, Barrister, Perth, Ontario, was born in the township of Elmsley, county of Lanark, Ontario, on the 29th June, 1884. He is of Irish descent, his father, John Elliot, and mother, Rebecca Taylor, both having been born in Ireland. The family came to Canada in 1818, and shortly afterwards settled in Lanark. The subject of this sketch received his education at the Grammar School of Perth. In 1863 he began the study of the law with the late William Oscar Buell, barrister, in Perth. Mr. Elliott was admitted as a solicitor in Michaelmas term 1868, and called to the bar in Hilary term 1869. Though devoted to his profession, he has yet found time to serve his fellow-citizens in various capacities. For ten years he has been a member of the town council, during two of which he served as mayor, namely, in 1879 and 1880. He has been for some time a member of the Board of Education of Perth. In politics, he has taken an active interest, and was a candidate for parliamentary honors, on the Conservative side, in South Lanark, in 1879, but was defeated by only fifty-three of a majority. Again he contested the same riding, in 1883, but again suffered defeat; this time, however, by only twenty-nine of majority. He has resided in Perth since he commenced the study of the law, and is the senior member of the firm of Elliott & Rogers, solicitors, etc., doing a good law business. In 1882 Mr. Elliott was called to the bar of Manitoba. In 1880 he joined the True Britons’ lodge, No. 14, A. F. and A. M., and has taken an interest in the order ever since. He has travelled through the United States, and the greater part of Canada. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion, is a member of the Church of England. He has held the office of warden, and is also a lay delegate to the Diocesan Synod. He was married on the 5th July, 1870, to Harriet, youngest daughter of the late John Rudd, merchant, Perth, and has a family of four girls.

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=La Rue, Thomas George=, Quebec, Notary Public and Collector of Inland Revenue for the Dominion of Canada, in the division of Quebec, is descended from one of the most ancient French families in New France, represented by Jean de La Rue, who settled at Quebec in 1636, and married Jaqueline Pin, in 1663, one of the first pupils of the Ursuline nuns of Quebec. Thomas George La Rue was born at St. Jean, Orleans Island, on the 21st December, 1834, and is the second son of Nazaire La Rue, who was a lieutenant-colonel in the militia, and a notary public. His mother was Adelaide Roy. He was educated at the Laval University, and was admitted to practice his profession on the 4th February, 1856. Mr. La Rue is noted for the lively interest he, in common with the late Dr. Hubert La Rue, and his brother, a professor at the Laval University, has taken in agricultural pursuits in the province of Quebec. In 1867 he published, in the Evénement newspaper, several essays, under the title of “Causeries Agricoles,” bearing on the experiments he had made on his farm on the Island of Orleans, and these were, in 1872, collected and issued in book shape by the Journal d’Agriculture de St. Hyacinthe, and distributed all over the province. He was a member of the Notarial Board for the province of Quebec, from 1862 to 1879, and was elected vice-president of it in 1876. In 1869, jointly with the Hon. Louis Archambault and Emery Papineau, his colleagues, he prepared the constitution which governs the Board of Notaries for the province of Quebec. For twenty-five years he was an active worker in the ranks of the Liberal party, and in 1862 acquired by purchase, assisted by the Hon. Ulric J. Tessier, now a judge in the Court of Appeal; Francis Evanturel, ex-minister of agriculture; the late G. Joly, seignior of Lotbinière, father of the present Hon. H. G. Joly; and J. G. Barthe, barrister, the journal known as Le Canadien. And this newspaper originated in its columns such a fierce opposition to the government of the day—the Cartier-McDonald—on the Militia Bill, that it compelled it to resign and give way for the formation of the McDonald-Sicotte administration. Mr. La Rue was mainly instrumental in securing for the Liberal party the parliamentary division of Quebec East, which, ever since the warmly-contested election of the Hon. Senator Pantaléon Peltier, in 1871, has remained until this day, a fortress to the party. In 1872 he came forward on the Liberal ticket, in the county of Montmorency, but was beaten at the polls by the late Jean Langlois, Q.C. In 1874 the McKenzie administration entrusted him, as a notary, with the settlement of the claims arising from seignorial dues in the province of Quebec. In 1878, Mr. La Rue finally withdrew from politics, and accepted the important appointment of collector of inland revenue for the division of Quebec, the duties of which he has continued to fill ever since. In 1857, he was married to Helen Marie Louise, eldest daughter of the late Pierre Guénette, a merchant in Quebec city.

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=Baynes, William Craig=, B.A., was born in Quebec in 1809. He was educated in England for the service of the East India Company, but on the death of his father gave up the appointment, and later entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1836. In 1839 he was summoned to receive his M.A., but had scruples of conscience as to taking the oath of conformity, and the higher honor was refused. Mr. Baynes came of a military family. His father saw service in Africa, where he assisted in the capture of the Cape in 1795, and in India, and was adjutant-general of the army in Canada and colonel of the Glengarry Fencibles in the war of 1812. Three of his sons also entered the army. Mr. Baynes married in 1841, and in 1843 returned to Canada, and settled in the neighborhood of Kingsey, where his father had purchased land. Here he carried on farming for twelve years, giving it up in 1856, when he received the secretaryship of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning (McGill College, Montreal), which post he held continuously until his death, which took place on Sunday, 9th October, 1887. He leaves four sons. He was for many years the leading member of the Plymouth Brethren in Montreal, and generally conducted their services.

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=Strachan, John=, LL.D., D.D., Bishop of Toronto.—The late Bishop Strachan was born at Aberdeen, Scotland, on the 12th of April, 1778, and received his early education at the Grammar School of that city, and finished his term at King’s College in 1796, when he got his Master’s degree. His father was a poor man, straitened in circumstances; yet, with the characteristic ambition of a Scotchman, he had determined that his son should be well equipped for future conflict with the world. He was only nineteen years of age when he was declared the successful candidate for the parochial schoolmastership of Kettle. There were nearly one hundred and fifty pupils in this school, among them Sir David Wilkie, the artist, and Commodore Robert Barclay, doomed to misfortune on Lake Erie, from no fault of his own. He remained at Kettle three years, when an invitation to Canada came to change the current of his life. It was towards the close of the eighteenth century that some liberal friends of education anxiously contemplating the establishment of a high school and university, bethought themselves of applying to Scotland for a teacher to whom they could confide the training of their sons, and, amongst those, the most directly interested was the Hon. Richard Cartwright, grandfather of the present Sir Richard Cartwright, a man of enterprise and far-sighted views. Mr. Strachan having been engaged for the purpose, towards the end of 1799 he sailed from Greenock, by way of New York, and arrived in Kingston on the last day of the year. His first experience of Upper Canada took the form of disappointment. Governor Simcoe, with that statesmanlike prescience that characterised him, had from the first made the establishment of a university his first and chief desideratum. But unfortunately the first governor had been removed before his patriotic scheme was carried into effect, and just when Mr. Strachan arrived at Kingston there seemed to be no prospect that either the university or grammar school system would be attempted for the present. Mr. Cartwright recognised the trying position of the young teacher, and generously set himself to work on his behalf. He had four sons himself, and his friends could add to the number of pupils, and so provide the young Scot with an honorable and fairly remunerative living until the plans of the government were matured. Mr. Strachan was a Presbyterian, but his father was an Episcopal non-juror—a champion of the lost cause of the Stuarts, and his earliest recollections of church services were those he attended with his father at Aberdeen, presided over by Bishop Skinner. Subsequently he habitually accompanied his widowed mother to the Relief Church, of which she was a member. He was only a Presbyterian by accident. When he arrived at Kingston, and was thrown in contact with the Rev. Dr. Stuart, who, although an Anglican, was the son of a Presbyterian, he was naturally attracted to the church of his father, so that when Mr. Cartwright and Dr. Stuart advised him to study divinity, the change was easily made, and the result was that the future bishop received deacon’s orders in 1803. The bishop of Niagara, who was afterwards one of his pupils at Toronto, has given a graphic description of Mr. Strachan’s methods, and of his remarkable success as a teacher. His great care was to interest the boys in their studies, and to draw out their latent capabilities by attractive means. To him education meant what its etymology implies, not cramming, but development. Perhaps no instructor could boast of a larger number of pupils who obtained eminence in after life. Chief Justice Robinson, and his brother, the Hon. W. B. Robinson, Chief Justices Macaulay and McLean, Judge Jonas Jones, Dean Bethune, of Montreal, and his brother, Bishop Strachan’s successor in the See of Toronto, the Hon. H. J. and G. S. Boulton, Col. Vankoughnet, father of the chancellor, Donald Æneas Macdonell, and others, sat at the feet of the ex-dominie of Kettle. Dr. Strachan removed to York, at the insistance of General Brock, and, in 1812, became rector of York. For the first time he now entered the political sphere, by taking the initiative in forming a loyal and patriotic society. The times were out of joint; war was imminent, and with characteristic vigor the new rector came to the fore. There was a strong heart beating beneath the ecclesiastical vestments, and he had an opportunity soon of showing his mettle. When the long expected shock of war came on, there never was a busier or more useful man than Dr. Strachan. It has been remarked that when York was taken, he was “priest, soldier, and diplomatist,” all in one. At the capture of York, he was incessantly active. After the explosion by which General Pike was killed at the old fort, the Americans threatened vengeance upon the defenceless town which had been evacuated by General Sheaffe and his forces. The rector, however, was equal to the occasion; and, as a contemporary writer puts it, “by his great firmness of character, saved the town of York in 1813 from sharing the same fate as the town of Niagara met with some months afterwards.” The sturdy clergyman at once visited General Dearborn, and threatened that if he carried out his threat of sacking the town, Buffalo, Lewiston, Sackett’s Harbor, and Oswego, should be destroyed as soon as troops arrived from England. His earnestness and determination moved the American, and he spared the little Yorkers from any systematic burning and plunder. But all the danger was not over; marauding parties wandered about the town seeking for plunder, and not unfrequently were confronted by the sturdy little rector. On one occasion two American soldiers visited the house of Colonel Givens, who was an officer in the retreating army. The inmates were absolutely helpless, and the marauders made off with the family plate. Dr. Strachan at once went after them, and demanded back the stolen property. Under the circumstances this was a singularly courageous thing to do, and apparently a hopeless one. But the rector was a man of unwavering resolution, and managed at last, without any other weapon than that which nature had placed in his mouth, to secure the return of the goods to their rightful owner. The pluck and bravery displayed by him throughout that trying time showed sufficiently the real “grit” of the man, and the boldness and strength of will shewn then, characterized his life. In resolution and determined perseverance, he was every inch a Scot. In 1818 began Dr. Strachan’s public life in the ordinary sense of the term; for he was then nominated an executive councillor and took his seat in the Legislative Council. He remained a member of the government until 1836, and of the Upper House up to the union of the provinces in 1841. About the time of Dr. Strachan’s appointment as councillor, began the politico-ecclesiastical conflict which was only brought to a close within the memory of the existing generation. By the Imperial Act of 1774, which conceded to the Gallican clergy the right to collect tithes, provision was made for the support of “a Protestant clergy;” and in 1791, one-seventh of the lands was set apart for that purpose in Upper Canada under the name of Clergy Reserves. In 1819, the Presbyterians of Niagara petitioned the lieutenant-governor, Sir Peregrine Maitland, for a grant of £100 for the support of a Scottish Church minister, and boldly hinted that the grant should come from the funds arising from the Clergy Reserves. This memorial was forwarded in due course to Earl Bathurst, the colonial secretary, who replied that the reserves were intended for the established churches of England and Scotland, and not for “denominations” referred to by the governor. This despatch at once aroused Dr. Strachan, who in 1823 forwarded a memorial protesting against the attempt to distribute funds intended for the Anglican church. His somewhat narrow creed, political no less than ecclesiastical, to be rightly understood, must be viewed from his own standpoint, and it may be readily condoned when one contemplates his vigor and patriotic impulse. The law officers of the Crown decided that the Clergy Reserves were not intended exclusively for the Anglican church. As there were two established churches, each equipped with “a Protestant clergy,” they were of opinion that the Church of Scotland had an equal right with the sister communion to a share in the land endowment. They went still further and vindicated the claims of other Protestant denominations. No sooner was this conceded by parliament than the entire ground was cut from beneath the feet of those who advocated a monopoly in state support for religion. Before the Union of 1841, no less than sixteen measures which had passed the Legislative Assembly for the secularization of the Reserves were rejected by the Legislative Council. It was only after a bitter struggle, lasting over more than thirty years, it was finally set at rest by the Act of 1854. During the whole period Dr. Strachan was faithful to his principles, and could brook no compromise. In 1836 he resigned his place as executive councillor, and in 1839 became the first bishop of Toronto. The following year he ceased to be a member of the Legislative Council, and abstained thenceforth from taking any part in public affairs, save in that department which may be termed church politics. The other subject of intense interest with him was the Provincial University. Twenty-eight years elapsed before any attempt was made to carry out the project of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. In 1827 a Royal charter was granted in favor of King’s College. It was to be essentially an Anglican university. In the four faculties, all the professors were to be “members of the Established United Church of England and Ireland,” and were required “to severally sign and subscribe the Thirty-nine articles.” The only liberal provision in it was an exemption from any religious test on the part of students and graduates in faculties other than that of divinity. King’s College was not opened until 1843, and in 1850 all that made it valuable in the bishop’s eyes were eliminated. All that was distinctly Anglican disappeared. The faculty of divinity was abolished and, as far as education was concerned, “all semblance of connection between church and state,” proclaimed afterwards in the preamble to the Clergy Reserve Act, was done away. The venerable bishop was equal to the emergency, and started on a mission to Britain to raise funds, and in little more than six months he returned with the first fruits,—some sixteen thousand pounds sterling. In the spring of 1857 the corner stone of Trinity College was laid, and in the beginning of the following year the building was so far completed as to be fit for occupation. The Royal charter was secured in 1853. Thus, by the inextinguishable ardor and energy of one zealous prelate was the purpose of his life at last secured. In other directions, the memorable prelate certainly effected work of unquestionable value. So soon as the severance between church and state had been formally proclaimed, his administrative and legislative tact was employed in placing the Anglican church upon a sound governmental basis. To him the laity of that communion owe it that they are represented in the synods of the church as substantially as with the Presbyterians. The bishop’s later years were spent in efforts to extend the usefulness of the church to which he was so ardently attached, and during the evening of his long and eventful life he was universally respected by men of all creeds and political parties. He had lived in the province and been a conspicuous actor in its affairs from the days of Governor Simcoe to the opening year of confederation, and died on the 2nd of November, 1867, in the eighty-ninth year of his age, manful, energetic and courageous to the last. The last tribute of respect was paid to Bishop Strachan by the attendance at his funeral of the two universities, with whose early fortunes his name was indissolubly associated. The national societies, the clergy of all churches, Protestant and Catholic, all the civic dignitaries and institutions, were fully represented on the occasion, and it was not without significance that the troops, regular and other, lined the streets, and that the strains of martial music were heard at the burial of one who was first a churchman of the military type, and next a patriotic citizen.

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=Wallbridge, Hon. Lewis=, Chief Justice of Manitoba, born in Belleville, Ontario, 27th November, 1816, and died at Winnipeg, on the 20th October, 1887, was a grandson of Elijah Wallbridge, a United Empire loyalist, who settled in Canada shortly after the American war of independence. His father was a lumber merchant of Belleville. The family emigrated from Dorsetshire, England, on account of having taken part in the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion against King James. Mr. Wallbridge received his education under the late Dr. Benjamin Workman in Montreal, and at Upper Canada College, Toronto. He studied law in Robert Baldwin’s office, Toronto; was called to the bar in 1839, and created a Queen’s counsel in 1856. In 1858 he was elected to the parliament of Canada, subsequently becoming solicitor-general, and a member of the Macdonald-Dorion government. In 1863, whilst holding the office of solicitor-general, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons, which position he occupied for a little more than four years, and presided over the debate on confederation at Quebec. After retiring from political life he practised law in Belleville, and on the death, in 1882, of Hon. E. B. Wood, chief justice of Manitoba, was appointed to succeed him. Hon. Mr. Wallbridge was one of the last survivors of a long line of prominent Canadian politicians whose records as such are, for the most part, now known only in history. It is almost fifty years since he first began the practice of his profession, and almost the lifetime of a generation since he first entered parliament. He was a moderate Reformer in politics. He was of a kindly genial disposition, and had many personal friends. He was buried at Belleville, Ontario.

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=Brodie, Robert=, Merchant, Quebec, was born in Montreal on the 11th May, 1835. His parents, Charles Brodie and Elizabeth Kerr, emigrated from Innerleithen, Peeblesshire, Scotland, in 1831, and settled in Montreal. Robert, the subject of our sketch, received a common school education in his native city, and in 1850, when but a lad of fifteen years of age, entered the dry goods establishment of Henry Morgan & Co., the then leading retail store in Montreal, and continued in this business until 1855, when he removed to Quebec city. Here he entered the employment of his brother, Charles Brodie, who was at that time carrying on an extensive flour and provision business. In 1859 Charles Brodie died, when Robert, with his brother William, succeeded to the business, and continued to carry it on on a more extensive scale, under the firm name of W. & R. Brodie. In 1868, Thomas Brodie, another brother, was admitted a partner, the firm name remaining unchanged. The operations of the firm then further extended, and the three brothers are now doing the largest business in their line in the ancient capital. Besides an extensive local trade, they send to the Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia annually large quantities of flour and provisions. Outside of business hours, Mr. Brodie has taken an active part in whatever movement happened to be on foot calculated to improve the social condition of the people among whom he resided. He has been a total abstainer all his life, and was one of the first to join the Rechabites, when this temperance order was first introduced into Canada. When it was superseded by the order of the Sons of Temperance at a later date, he joined the new order, and for many years was one of its most active members. He is one of those who firmly believe in the doctrine that the liquor traffic must be ultimately suppressed by law. Apart from social reform, he has also been connected with most of the local enterprises originated in Quebec city during the past fifteen or twenty years, either as an assistant or promoter. He is a shareholder in the Quebec Steamship Company; the Quebec and Levis Ferry Company; the Quebec Fire Insurance Company; the Quebec Bank, etc. He, with others, originated the Quebec Worsted Company and is one of its directors. Mr. Brodie has been a member of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners for a number of years. This board is composed of six members—three being appointed by the city council and three by the local government, and he is the appointee of the city council. He has not had time to extend his travels beyond Canada, but he has visited nearly every point of interest in the Dominion. In religion, he is a Presbyterian. For a number of years he has been an elder in Chalmer’s Church, and was a commissioner from the presbytery of Quebec to the general assembly held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in June, 1887. He has always been a Liberal in politics, and gives a generous support to the Liberal party. In 1865 he was married to Jane, daughter of David Blair, of Lotbinière, Province of Quebec, who emigrated from Scotland in 1831.

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