Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) (part 3 of 3)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) (part 3 of 3)

? friction of the outgoing breath in the throat, mouth, etc., when the glottis is wide open; aspiration; the sound expressed by the letter h. 10. (Gr. Gram.) A mark to indicate aspiration or its absence. See Rough breathing, Smooth breathing, below. Breathing place. (a) A pause. ½That c‘sura, or breathing place, in the midst of the verse.¸ Sir P.Sidney. (b) A vent. Ð Breathing time, pause; relaxation. Bp. Hall. Ð Breathing while, time sufficient for drawing breath; a short time. Shak. Ð Rough breathing (spiritus asper) (?). See 2d Asper, n. Ð Smooth breathing (spiritus lenis), a mark (') indicating the absence of the sound of h, as in ? (ienai). Breath¶less (?), a. 1. Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath. 2. Not breathing; holdingÿthe breath, on account of fear, expectation, or intense interest; attended with a holding of the breath; as, breathless attention. But breathless, as we grow when feeling most. Byron. 3. Dead; as, a breathless body. Breath¶lessÏly, adv. In a breathless manner. Breath¶lessÏness, n. The state of being breathless or out of breath. ØBrec¶cia (?), n. [It., breach, pebble, fragments of stone, fr. F. brŠche; of German origin. See Breach.] (Geol.) A rock composed of angular fragments either of the same mineral or of different minerals, etc., united by a cement, and commonly presenting a variety of colors. Bone breccia, a breccia containing bones, usually fragmentary. Ð Coin breccia, a breccia containing coins. Brec¶ciÏa·ted (?), a. Consisting of angular fragments cemented together; resembling breccia in appearance. The brecciated appearance of many specimens [of meteorites]. H.A.Newton. Bred (?), imp. & p.p. of Breed. Bred out, degenerated. ½The strain of man's bred out into baboon and monkey.¸ Shak. Ð Bred to arms. See under Arms. Ð Well bred. (a) Of a good family; having a good pedigree. ½A gentleman well bred and of good name.¸ Shak. [Obs., except as applied to domestic animals.] (b) Well brought up, as shown in having good manners; cultivated; refined; polite. Brede, or Breede (?), n. Breadth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brede (?), n. [See Braid woven cord.] A braid. [R.] Half lapped in glowing gauze and golden brede. Tennyson. Breech (?), n. [See Breeches.] 1. The lower part of the body behind; the buttocks. 2. Breeches. [Obs.] Shak. 3. The hinder part of anything; esp., the part of a cannon, or other firearm, behind the chamber. 4. (Naut.) The external angle of knee timber, the inside of which is called the throat. Breech, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Breeched (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Breeching (?).] 1. To put into, or clothe with, breeches. A great man ... anxious to know whether the blacksmith's ?oungest boy was breeched. Macaulay. 2. To cover as with breeches. [Poetic] THeir daggers unmannerly breeched with gore. Shak. 3. To fit or furnish with a breech; as, to breech a gun. 4. To whip on the breech. [Obs.] Had not a courteous serving man conveyed me away, whilst he went to fetch whips, I think, in my conscience, he would have breeched me. Old Play. 5. To fasten with breeching. Breech¶block (?), n. The movable piece which closes the breech of a breechÐloading firearm, and resists the backward force of the discharge. It is withdrawn for the insertion of a cartridge, and closed again before the gun is fired. Breech¶cloth· (?), n. A cloth worn aroundÿthe breech. Breech¶es (?), n. pl. [OE. brech, brek, AS. brÇk, pl. of brÓc breech, breeches; akin to Icel. brÓk breeches, ODan. brog, D. broek, G. bruch; cf. L. bracae, braccae, which is of Celtic origin. Cf. Brail.] 1. A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes. His jacket was red, and his breeches were blue. Coleridge. 2. Trousers; pantaloons. [Colloq.] Breeches buoy, in the lifeÐsaving service, a pair of canvas breeches depending from an annular or beltlike life buoy which is usually of cork. This contrivance, inclosing the person to be rescued, is hung by short ropes from a block which runs upon the hawser stretched from the ship to the shore, and is drawn to land by hauling lines. Ð Breeches pipe, a forked pipe forming two branches united at one end. Ð Knee breeches, breeches coming to the knee, and buckled or fastened there; smallclothes. Ð To wear the breeches, to usurp the authority of the husband; Ð said of a wife. [Colloq.] Breech¶ing (?), n. 1. A whipping on the breech, or the act of whipping on the breech. I view the prince with Aristarchus' eyes, Whose looks were as a breeching to a boy. Marlowe. 2. That part of a harness which passes round the breech of a horse, enabling him to hold back a vehicle. 3. (Naut.) A strong rope rove through the cascabel of a cannon and secured to ringbolts in the ship's side, to limit the recoil of the gun when it is discharged. 4. The sheet iron casing at the end of boilers to convey the smoke from the flues to the smokestack. Breech¶load·er (?), n. A firearm which receives its load at the breech. For cavalry, the revolver and breechloader will supersede the saber. Rep. Sec. War (1860). Breech¶Ðload·ing, a. Receiving the charge at the breech instead of at the muzzle. Breech¶ pin· (?), Breech¶ screw· (?). A strong iron or steel plug screwed into the breech of a musket or other firearm, to close the bottom of the bore. Breech¶ sight· (?). A device attached to the breech of a firearm, to guide the eye, in conjunction with the front sight, in taking aim. Breed (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bred (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Breeding.] [OE. breden, AS. brÇdanÿto nourish, cherish, keep warm, from brÓd brood; akin to D. broedenÿto brood, OHG. bruoten, G. brten. See Brood.] 1. To produce as offspring; to bring forth; to bear; to procreate; to generate; to beget; to hatch. Yet every mother breeds not sons alike. Shak. If the sun breed maggots in a dead dog. Shak. 2. To take care of in infancy, and through the age of youth; to bring up; to nurse and foster. To bring thee forth with pain, with care to breed. Dryden. Born and bred on the verge of the wilderness. Everett. 3. To educate; to instruct; to form by education; to train; Ð sometimes followed by up. But no care was taken to breed him a Protestant. Bp. Burnet. His farm may not remove his children too far from him, or the trade he breeds them up in. Locke. 4. To engender; to cause; to occasion; to originate; to produce; as, to breed a storm; to breed disease. Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton. 5. To give birth to; to be the native place of; as, a pond breeds fish; a northern country breeds stout men. 6. To raise, as any kind of stock. 7. To produce or obtain by any natural process. [Obs.] Children would breed their teeth with less danger. Locke. Syn. - To engender; generate; beget; produce; hatch; originate; bring up; nourish; train; instruct. Breed, v.i. 1. To bear and nourish young; to reproduce or multiply itself; to be pregnant. That they breed abundantly in the earth. Gen.viii.17. The mother had never bred before. Carpenter. Ant. Is your gold and silver ewes and rams? Shy. I can not tell. I make it breed as fast. Shak. 2. To be formed in the parent or dam; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth. 3. To have birth; to be produced or multiplied. Heavens rain grace On that which breeds between them. Shak. 4. To raise a breed; to get progeny. The kind of animal which you wish to breed from. Gardner. To breed in and in,ÿto breed from animals of the same stock that are closely related. Breed, n. 1. A race or variety of men or other animals (or of plants), perpetuating its special or distinctive characteristics by inheritance. Twice fifteen thousand hearts of England's breed. Shak. Greyhounds of the best breed. Carpenter. 2. Class; sort; kind; Ð of men, things, or qualities. Are these the breed of wits so wondered at? Shak. This courtesy is not of the right breed. Shak. 3. A number produced at once; a brood. [Obs.] µ Breed is usually applied to domestic animals; species or variety to wild animals and to plants; and race to men. Breed¶bate (?), n. One who breeds or originates quarrels. [Obs.] ½No telltale nor no breedbate.¸ Shak. Breed¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, breeds, produces, brings up, etc. She was a great breeder. Dr. A.Carlyle. Italy and Rome have been the best breeders of worthy men. Ascham. 2. A cause. ½The breeder of my sorrow.¸ Shak. Breed¶ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of generating or bearing. 2. The raising or improving of any kind of domestic animals; as, farmers should pay attention to breeding. 3. Nurture; education; formation of manners. She had her breeding at my father's charge. Shak. 4. Deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life; manners; knowledge of, or training in, the ceremonies, or polite observances of society. Delicacy of breeding, or that polite deference and respect which civility obliges us either to express or counterfeit towards the persons with whom we converse. Hume. 5. Descent; pedigree; extraction. [Obs.] Honest gentlemen, I know not your breeding. Shak. Close breeding, In and in breeding, breeding from a male and female from the same parentage. Ð Cross breeding, breeding from a male and female of different lineage. Ð Good breeding, politeness; genteel deportment. Syn. - Education; instruction; nurture; training; manners. See Education. Breeze (?), n., Breeze¶ fly· (?). [OE. brese, AS. bri¢sa; perh. akin to OHG. brimissa, G. breme, bremse, D. brems, which are akin to G. brummen to growl, buzz, grumble, L. fremereÿto murmur; cf. G. brausen, Sw. brusa, Dan. bruse, to roar, rush.] (Zo”l.) A fly of various species, of the family Tabanid‘, noted for buzzing about animals, and tormenting them by sucking their blood; Ð called also horsefly, and gadfly. They are among the largest of twoÐwinged or dipterous insects. The name is also given to different species of botflies. [Written also breese and brize.] Breeze, n. [F. brise; akin to It. brezza breeze, Sp. briza, brisa, a breeze from northeast, Pg. briza northeast wind; of uncertain origin; cf. F. bise, Pr. bisa, OHG. bisa, north wind, Arm. biz northeast wind.] 1. A light, gentle wind; a fresh, softÐblowing wind. Into a gradual calm the breezes sink. Wordsworth. 2. An excited or ruffed state of feeling; a flurry of excitement; a disturbance; a quarrel; as, the discovery produced a breeze. [Colloq.] Land breeze, a wind blowing from the land, generally at night. Ð Sea breeze, a breeze or wind blowing, generally in the daytime, from the sea. Breeze (?), n. [F. braise cinders, live coals. See Brasier.] 1. Refuse left in the process of making coke or burning charcoal. 2. (Brickmaking) Refuse coal, coal ashes, and cinders, used in the burning of bricks. Breeze, v.i. To blow gently. [R.] J.Barlow. To breeze upÿ(Naut.), to blow with increasing freshness. Breeze¶less, a. Motionless; destitute of breezes. A stagnant, breezeless air becalms my soul. Shenstone. Breez¶iÏness (?), n. State of being breezy. Breez¶y (?), a. 1. Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy. ½A breezy day in May.¸ Coleridge. 'Mid lawns and shades by breezy rivulets fanned. Wordsworth. 2. Fresh; brisk; full of life. [Colloq.] ØBreg¶ma (?), n. [Gr. ? the front part of the head: cf. F. bregma.] (Anat.) The point of junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull. BregÏmat¶ic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the bregma. Bre¶hon (?), n. [Ir. breitheamh judge.] An ancient Irish or Scotch judge. Brehon laws, the ancient Irish laws, Ð unwritten, like the common law of England. They were abolished by statute of Edward III. Breme (?), a. [OE. breme, brime, fierce, impetuous, glorious, AS. brÇme, br?me, famous. Cf. Brim, a.] 1. Fierce; sharp; severe; cruel. [Obs.] Spenser. From the septentrion cold, in the breme freezing air. Drayton. 2. Famous; renowned; well known. Wright. [Written also brim and brimme.] Bren (?), Bren¶ne (?), } v.t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Brent (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brenning.] [See Burn.] To burn. [Obs.] Chaucer. Consuming fire brent his shearing house or stall. W.Browne. Bren, n. Bran. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bren¶nage (?), n. [OF. brenage; cf. LL. brennagium, brenagium.ÿSee Bran.] (Old Eng. Law) A tribute which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which they were obliged to furnish for his hounds. Bren¶ningÏly, adv. Burningly; ardently. [Obs.] Brent (?), Brant (?), a. [AS. brant; akin to Dan. brat, Icel. brattr, steep.] 1. Steep; high. [Obs.] Grapes grow on the brant rocks so wonderfully that ye will marvel how any man dare climb up to them. Ascham. 2. Smooth; unwrinkled. [Scot.] Your bonnie brow was brent. Burns. Brent, imp. & p.p. of Bren. Burnt. [Obs.] Brent, n. [Cf. Brant.] A brant. See Brant. Breq¶uet chain· (?). A watchÐguard. Brere (?), n. A brier. [Archaic] Chaucer. Brest (?), 3d sing.pr. for Bursteth. [Obs.] Brest, Breast (?), n. (Arch.) A torus. [Obs.] Bres¶te (?), v.t. & i. [imp. Brast; p.p. Brusten, Borsten, Bursten.] To burst. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brest¶sum·mer (?), n. See Breastsummer. Bret (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Birt. Bret¶ful (?), a. [OE. also brerdful, fr. brerd top, brim, AS. brerd.] Brimful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Breth¶ren (?), n.; pl. of Brother. µ This form of the plural is used, for the most part, in solemn address, and in speaking of religious sects or fraternities, or their members. Bret¶on (?), a. [F. breton.] Of or relating to Brittany, or Bretagne, in France. Ð n. A native or inhabitant of Brittany, or Bretagne, in France; also, the ancient language of Brittany; Armorican. Brett (?), n. Same as Britzska. Bret¶tice (?), n.; pl. Brettices (?). [OE. bretasce, bretage, parapet, OF. bretesche wooden tower, F. bretŠche, LL. breteschia, bertresca, prob. fr. OHG. bret, G. brett board; akin to E. board. See Board, n., and cf. Bartizan.] The wooden boarding used in supporting the roofs and walls of coal mines. See Brattice. Bret¶walÏda (?), n. [AS. Bretwalda, br?ten walda, a powerful ruler.] (Eng. Hist.) The official title applied to that one of the AngloÐSaxon chieftains who was chosen by the other chiefs to lead them in their warfare against the British tribes. Brande & C. Bret¶zel (?), n. [G.] See Pretzel. Breve (?), n. [It. & (in sense 2) LL. breve, fr. L. brevis short. See Brief.] 1. (Mus.) A note or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was formerly of a square figure (as thus: ? ), but is now made oval, with a line perpendicular to the staff on each of its sides; Ð formerly much used for choir service. Moore. 2. (Law) Any writ or precept under seal, issued out of any court. 3. (Print.) A curved mark [?] used commonly to indicate the short quantity of a vowel. 4. (Zo”l.) The great ant thrush of Sumatra (Pitta gigas), which has a very short tail. BreÏvet¶ (?), n. [F. brevet, LL. brevetum, fr. L. brevis short. See Brief.] 1. A warrant from the government, granting a privilege, title, or dignity. [French usage]. 2. (Mil.) A commission giving an officer higher rank than that for which he receives pay; an honorary promotion of an officer. µ In the United States army, rank by brevet is conferred, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for ½gallant actions or meritorious services.¸ A brevet rank gives no right of command in the particular corps to which the officer brevetted belongs, and can be exercised only by special assignment of the President, or on court martial, and detachments composed of different corps, with pay of the brevet rank when on such duty.

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BreÏvet¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brevetted (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brevetting.] (Mil.) To confer rank upon by brevet. BreÏvet¶, a. (Mil.) Taking or conferring rank by brevet; as, a brevet colonel; a brevet commission. BreÏvet¶cy (?), n.; pl. Brevetcies (?). (Mil.)ÿThe rank or conditionÿof a brevet officer. Bre¶viÏaÏry (?), n.; pl. Breviaries (?). [F. br‚viarie, L. breviarium summary, abridgment, neut. noun fr. breviarius abridged, fr. brevis short. See Brief, and cf. Brevier.] 1. An abridgment; a compend; an epitome; a brief account or summary. A book entitled the abridgment or breviary of those roots that are to be cut up or gathered. Holland. 2. A book containing the daily public or canonical prayers of the Roman Catholic or of the Greek Church for the seven canonical hours, namely, matins and lauds, the first, third, sixth, and ninth hours, vespers, and compline; Ð distinguishedÿfrom the missal. Bre¶viÏate (?), n. [L. breviatus, p.p. of breviareÿto shorten, brevis short.] 1. A short compend; a summary; a brief statement. I omit in this breviate to rehearse. Hakluyt. The same little breviates of infidelity have ... been published and dispersed with great activity. Bp. Porteus. 2. A lawyer's brief. [R.] Hudibras. Bre¶viÏate (?), v.t. To abbreviate. [Obs.] Bre¶viÏaÏture (?), n. An abbreviature; an abbreviation. [Obs.] Johnson. BreÏvier¶ (?), n. [Prob. from being originally used in printing a breviary. See Breviary.] (Print.) A size of type between bourgeous and minion. µ This line is printed in brevier type. ? BreÏvil¶oÏquence (?), n. [L. breviloquentia.] A brief and pertinent mode of speaking. [R.] Brev¶iÏped (?), a. [L. brevis short + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. br‚vipŠde.] (Zo”l.) Having short legs. Ð n. A breviped bird. Brev¶iÏpen (?), n. [L. brevis short + penna wing: cf. F. br‚vipenne.] (Zo”l.) A brevipennate bird. Brev·iÏpen¶nate (?), a. [L. brevis short + E. pennate.] (Zo”l.) ShortÐwinged; Ð applied to birds which can not fly, owing to their short wings, as the ostrich, cassowary, and emu. Brev·iÏros¶tral (?), Brev·iÏros¶trate (?), } a. [L. brevis short + E. rostral, rostrate.] (Zo”l.) ShortÐbilled; having aÿshort beak. Brev¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Brevities (?). [L. brevitas, fr. brevis short: cf. F. briŠvit‚. See Brief.] 1. Shortness of duration; briefness of time; as, the brevity of human life. 2. Contraction into few words; conciseness. Brevity is the soul of wit. Shak. This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant brevity and simplicity. Bp. Porteus. Syn. - Shortness; conciseness; succinctness; terseness. Brew (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brewed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brewing.] [OE. brewen, AS. bre¢wan; akin to D. brouwen, OHG. priuwan, MHG. briuwen, br?wen, G. brauen, Icel. brugga, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and perh. to L. defrutum must boiled down, Gr. ? (for ??) a kind of beer. The original meaning seems to have been to prepare by heat. û93.ÿCf. Broth, Bread.] 1. To boil or seethe; to cook. [Obs.] 2. To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt and hops, or from other materials, by steeping, boiling, and fermentation. ½She brews good ale.¸ Shak. 3. To prepare by steeping and mingling; to concoct. Go, brew me a pottle of sack finely. Shak. 4. To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to contrive; to plot; to concoct; to hatch; as, to brew mischief. Hence with thy brewed enchantments, foul deceiver! Milton. Brew (?), v.i. 1. To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing or making beer. I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour. Shak. 2. To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing, forming, or gathering; as, a storm brews in the west. There is some ill aÐbrewing towards my rest. Shak. Brew (?), n. The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed. Bacon. Brew¶age (?), n. Malt liquor; drink brewed. ½Some wellÐspiced brewage.¸ Milton. A rich brewage, made of the best Spanish wine. Macaulay. Brew¶er (?), n. One who brews; one whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors. Brew¶erÏy (?), n. A brewhouse; the building and apparatus where brewing is carried on. Brew¶house· (?), n. A house or building appropriated to brewing; a brewery. Brew¶ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of preparing liquors which are brewed, as beer and ale. 2. The quantity brewed at once. A brewing of new beer, set by old beer. Bacon. 3. A mixing together. I am not able to avouch anything for certainty, such a brewing and sophistication of them they make. Holland. 4. (Naut.) A gathering or formingÿof a storm or squall, indicated by thick, dark clouds. Brew¶is (?), n. [OE. brewis, brouwys, browesse, brewet, OF. brouet, Ïs being the OF. ending of the nom. sing. and acc. pl.; dim. of OHG. brod. û93. See Broth, and cf. Brose.] 1. Broth or pottage. [Obs.] Let them of their Bonner's ½beef¸ and ½broth¸ make what brewis they please for their credulous guests. Bp. Hall. 2. Bread soaked in broth, drippings of roast meat, milk, or water and butter. Brews¶terÏite (?), n. [Named after Sir David Brewster.] A rare zeolitic mineral occurring in white monolitic crystals with pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, baryta, and strontia. Brez¶iÏlin (?), n. See Brazilin. Bri¶ar (?), n. Same as Brier. BriÏa¶reÏan (?), a. [L. Briareius, fr. Briareus a mythological hundredÐhanded giant, Gr. ?, fr. ? strong.] Pertaining to, or resembling, Briareus, a giant fabled to have a hundred hands; hence, hundredÐhanded or manyÐhanded. Brib¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being bribed. A more bribable class of electors. S.Edwards. Bribe (?), n. [F. bribe a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals (that are generally given to a beggar), LL. briba scrap of bread; cf. OF. briber, brifer, to eat gluttonously, to beg, and OHG. bilibi food.] 1. A gift begged; a present. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position of trust. Undue rewardÿfor anything against justice is a bribe. Hobart. 3. That which seduces; seduction; allurement. Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these ever?blooming sweets. Akenside. Bribe, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bribed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bribing.] 1. To rob or steal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To give or promise a reward or consideration to (a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe to. Neither is he worthy who bribes a man to vote against his conscience. F.W.Robertson. 3. To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a bribe. Bribe, v.i. 1. To commit robbery or theft. [Obs.] 2. To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of trust, by some gift or promise. An attempt to bribe, though unsuccessful, has been holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted. Bouvier. The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe. Goldsmith. Bribe¶less, a. Incapable of being bribed; free from bribes. From thence to heaven's bribeless hall. Sir W.Raleigh. Bribe¶er (?), n. 1. A thief. [Obs.] Lydgate. 2. One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices. 3. That which bribes; a bribe. His service ... were a sufficient briber for his life. Shak. Bribe¶erÏy (?), n.; pl. Briberies (?). [OE. brybery rascality, OF. briberie. See Bribe, n.] 1. Robbery; extortion. [Obs.] 2. The act or practice of giving or taking bribes; the act of influencing the official or political action of another by corrupt inducements. Bribery oath, an oath taken by a person that he has not been bribed as to voting. [Eng.] Bric¶Ða brac· (?), n. [F.] Miscellaneous curiosities and works of decorative art, considered collectively. A piece of bricÐaÐbrac, any curious or antique article of virtu, as a piece of antiquated furniture or metal work, or an odd knickknack. Brick (?), n. [OE. brik, F. brique; of Ger. origin; cf. AS. brice a breaking, fragment, Prov. E. brique piece, brique de pain, equiv. to AS. hl¾fes brice, fr. the root of E. break. See Break.] 1. A block or clay tempered with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular form, usually rectangular, and sunÐdried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or stack called a clamp. The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of bricks baked in the furnace than the Babylonians. Layard. 2. Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind of material; as, a load of brick; a thousand of brick. Some of Palladio's finest examples are of brick. Weale. 3. Any oblong rectangular mass; as, a brick of maple sugar; a penny brick (of bread). 4. A good fellow; a merry person; as, you 're a brick. [Slang] ½He 's a dear little brick.¸ Thackeray. To have a brick in one's hat, to be drunk. [Slang] µ Brick is used adjectively or in combination; as, brick wall; brick clay; brick color; brick red. Brick clay, clay suitable for, or used in making, bricks. Ð Brick dust, dust of pounded or broken bricks. Ð Brick earth, clay or earth suitable for, or used in making, bricks. Ð Brick loaf, a loaf of bread somewhat resembling a brick in shape. Ð Brick noggingÿ(Arch.), rough brickwork used to fill in the spaces between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick filling. Ð Brick tea, tea leaves and young shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or mixed with fat, etc., and pressed into the form of bricks. It is used in Northern and Central Asia. S.W.Williams. Ð Brick trimmer (Arch.), a brick arch under a hearth, usually within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard against accidents by fire. Ð Brick trowel. See Trowel. Ð Brick works, a place where bricks are made. Ð Bath brick. See under Bath, a city. Ð Pressed brick, bricks which, before burning, have been subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of shape and texture which are common in molded bricks. Brick, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bricked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bricking.] 1. To lay or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with bricks. 2. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by smearing plaster with red ocher, making the joints with an edge tool, and pointing them. To brick up, to fill up, inclose, or line, with brick. Brick¶bat· (?), n. A piece or fragment of a brick. See Bat, 4. Bacon. Brick¶kiln· (?), n. A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt; or a pile of green bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or fuel for burning them. Brick¶lay·er (?), n. [Brick + lay.] One whose pccupation is to build with bricks. Bricklayer's itch. See under Itch. Brick¶lay·ing, n. The art of building with bricks, or of uniting them by cement or mortar into various forms; the act or occupation of laying bricks. Bric¶kle (?), a. [OE. brekil, brokel, bruchel, fr. AS. brecan, E. break. Cf. Brittle.] Brittle; easily broken. [Obs. or Prov.] Spenser. As stubborn steel excels the brickle glass. Turbervile. Bric¶kleÏness, n. Brittleness. [Obs.] Brick¶mak·er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make bricks. Ð Brick¶makÏing, n. Brick¶work· (?), n. 1. Anything made of bricks. Niches in brickwork form the most difficult part of the bricklayer's art. Tomlinson. 2. The act of building with or laying bricks. Brick¶y (?), a. Full of bricks; formed of bricks; resembling bricks or brick dust. [R.] Spenser. Brick¶yard· (?), n. A place where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place. ØBriÏcole¶ (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) A kind of traces with hooks and rings, with which men drag and maneuver guns where horses can not be used. Brid (?), n. A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brid¶al (?), a. [From Bride. Cf. Bridal, n.] Of or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; as, bridal ornaments; a bridal outfit; a bridal chamber. Brid¶al, n. [OE. bridale, brudale, AS. br?dealo brideale, bridal feast. See Bride, and Ale, 2.] A nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage. Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright, The bridal of the earth and sky. Herbert. Brid¶alÏty (?), n. Celebration of the nuptial feast. [Obs.] ½In honor of this bridalty.¸ B.Jonson. Bride (?), n. [OE. bride, brid, brude, brud, burd, AS. br?d; akin to OFries. breid, OSax. br?d, D. bruid, OHG. pr?t, br?t, G. braut, Icel. br??r, Sw. & Dan. brud, Goth. br33s; cf. Armor. pried spouse, W. priawd a married person.] 1. A woman newly married, or about to be married. Has by his own experience tried How much the wife is dearer than the bride. Lyttleton. I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. Rev.xxi.9. 2. Fig.: An object ardently loved. Bride of the sea, the city of Venice. Bride, v.t. To make a bride of. [Obs.] Bride¶Ïale· (?), n. [See Bridal.] A rustic wedding feast; a bridal. See Ale. The man that 's bid to brideÐale, if he ha' cake, And drink enough, he need not fear his stake. B.Jonson. Bride¶bed· (?), n. The marriage bed. [Poetic] Bride¶cake· (?), n. Rich or highly ornamented cake, to be distributed to the guests at a wedding, or sent to friends after the wedding. Bride¶cham·ber (?), n. The nuptial appartment. Matt.ix.15. Bride¶groom· (?), n. [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br?dguma (akin to OS. br?digumo, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr?tigomo, MHG. briutegome, G. br„utigam); AS. br?dÿbride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Icel. gumi, OHG. gomo, L. homo; the insertion of r being caused by confusion with groom. See Bride, and cf. Groom, Homage.] A man newly married, or just about to be married. Bride¶knot· (?), n. A knot of ribbons worn by a guest at a wedding; a wedding favor. [Obs.] Bride¶maid· (?), n., Bride¶man (?), n. See Bridesmaid, Bridesman. Brides¶maid· (?), n. A female friend who attends on a bride at her wedding. Brides¶man (?), n.; pl. Bridesmen (?). A male friend who attends upon a bridegroom and bride at their marriage; the ½best man.¸ Sir W.Scott. Bride¶stake· (?), n. A stake or post set in the ground, for guests at a wedding to dance round. Divide the broad bridecake Round about the bridestake. B.Jonson. Bride¶well (?), n. A house of correction for the confinement of disorderly persons; Ð so called from a hospital built in 1553 near St. Bride's (or Bridget's) well, in London, which was subsequently a penal workhouse. Bridge (?), n. [OE. brig, brigge, brug, brugge, AS. brycg, bricg; akin to Fries. bregge, D. brug, OHG. bruccu, G. brcke, Icel. bryggja pier, bridge, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and prob. Icel. br?ÿbridge, Sw. & Dan. broÿbridge, pavement, and possibly to E. brow.] 1. A structure, usually of wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over a river or other water course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to make a passageway from one bank to the other. 2. Anything supported at the ends, which serves to keep some other thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in engraving, watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or staging over which something passes or is conveyed. 3. (Mus.) The small arch or bar at right angles to the strings of a violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise them and transmit their vibrations to the body of the instrument. 4. (Elec.) A device to measure the resistance of a wire or other conductor forming part of an electric circuit. 5. A low wall or vertical partition in the fire chamber of a furnace, for deflecting flame, etc.; Ð usually called a bridge wall. Aqueduct bridge. See Aqueduct. Ð Asses' bridge, Bascule bridge, Bateau bridge. See under Ass, Bascule, Bateau. Ð Bridge of a steamerÿ(Naut.), a narrow platform across the deck, above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in charge of the ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle boxes. Ð Bridge of the nose, the upper, bony part of the nose. Ð Cantalever bridge. See under Cantalever. Ð Draw bridge. See Drawbridge. Ð Flying bridge, a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for the passage of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a cable with an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to bank by the action of the current or other means. Ð Girder bridgeÿor Truss bridge, a bridge formed by girders, or by trusses resting upon abutments or piers. Ð Lattice bridge, a bridge formed by lattice girders. Ð Pontoon bridge, Ponton bridge. See under Pontoon. Ð Skew bridge, a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as sometimes required in railway engineering. Ð Suspension bridge. See under Suspension. Ð Trestle bridge, a bridge formed of a series of short, simple girders resting on trestles. Ð Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the Victoria bridge at Montreal. Ð Wheatstone's bridge (Elec.), a device for the measurement of resistances, so called because the balance between the resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between two points of the apparatus; Ð invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone.

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Bridge (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bridged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bridging.] 1. To build a bridge or bridges on or over; as, to bridge a river. Their simple engineering bridged with felled trees the streams which could not be forded. Palfrey. 2. To open or make a passage, as by a bridge. Xerxes ... over Hellespont Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined. Milton. 3. To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty; Ð generally with over. Bridge¶board· (?), n. 1. (Arch.) A notched board to which the treads and risers of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened. 2. A board or plank used as a bridge. Bridge¶head· (?), n. A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge, and prevent the enemy from crossing; a tˆteÐdeÐpont. Bridge¶less, a. Having no bridge; not bridged. Bridge¶pot· (?), n. (Mining) The adjustable socket, or step, of a millstone spindle. Knight. Bridge¶tree· (?), n. [Bridge + tree a beam.] (Mining) The beam which supports the spindle socket of the runner in a grinding mill. Knight. Bridge¶Ðward· (?), n. 1. Aÿbridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge. [Obs.] Sir W.Scott. 2. The principal ward of a key. Knight. Bridge¶ing (?), n. (Arch.) The system of bracing used between floor or other timbers to distribute the weight. Bridging joist. Same as Binding joist. Bridge¶y (?), a. Full of bridges. [R.] Sherwood. Bri¶dle (?), n. [OE. bridel, AS. bridel; akin to OHG. britil, brittil, D. breidel, and possibly to E. braid. Cf. Bridoon.] 1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages. 2. A restraint; a curb; a check. I.Watts. 3. (Gun.) The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc. 4. (Naut.) (a) A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle. (b) A mooring hawser. Bowline bridle. See under Bowline. Ð Branches of a bridle. See under Branch. Ð Bridle cable (Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4, above. Ð Bridle hand, the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left hand. Ð Bridle path, Bridle way, a path or way for saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles. Ð Bridle port (Naut.), a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed. Ð Bridle rein, a rein attached to the bit. Ð Bridle road. (a) Same as Bridle path. Lowell. (b) A road in a pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise. Ð Bridle track, a bridle path. Ð Scolding bridle. See Branks, 2. Syn. - A check; restrain. Bri¶dle, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bridled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bridling (?).] 1. To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to bridle a horse. He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. Drake. 2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to check, curb, or control; as, to bridle the passions; to bridle a muse. Addison. Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. Burke. Syn. - To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master; subdue. Bri¶dle, v.i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; Ð usually with up. ½His bridling neck.¸ Wordsworth. By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus. Tatler. Bri¶dle i·ron (?). (Arch.) A strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a stirrup, one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing can be had; Ð called also stirrupÿand hanger. Bri¶dler (?), n. One who bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a bridle. Milton. BriÏdoon¶ (?), n. [F. bridon, from bride; of German origin. See Bridle, n.] (Mil.) The snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts independently of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein. Campbell. Brief (?), a. [OE. bref, F. brief, bref, fr. L. brevis; akin to Gr. ? short, and perh. to Skr. barhÿto tear. Cf. Breve.] 1. Short in duration. How brief the life of man. Shak. 2. Concise; terse; succinct. The brief style is that which expresseth much in little. B.Jonson. 3. Rife; common; prevalent. [Prov. Eng.] In brief. See under Brief, n. Syn. - Short; concise; succinct; summary; compenduous; condensed; terse; curt; transistory; shortÐlived. Brief, adv. 1. Briefly. [Obs. or Poetic] Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. Milton. 2. Soon; quickly. [Obs.] Shak. Brief (?), n. [See Brief, a., and cf. Breve.] 1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words. Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal. Shak. And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief. Shak. 2. An epitome. Each woman is a briefÿof womankind. Overbury. 3. (Law) An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument. It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a brief. Sir J.Stephen. µ In England, the brief is prepared by the attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs. 4. (Law) A writ; a breve. See Breve, n., 2. 5. (Scots Law) A writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence. 6. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in churches, for any public or private purpose. [Eng.] Apostolical brief, a letter of the pope written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the secretary of briefs, dated ½a die Nativitatis,¸ i.e., ½from the day of the Nativity,¸ and sealed with the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a bull, in its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See Bull. Ð Brief of title, an abstract or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the chain of title to any real estate. Ð In brief, in a few words; in short; briefly. ½Open the matter in brief.¸ Shak. Brief, v.t. To make an abstract or abridgment of; to shorten; as, to brief pleadings. Brief¶less (?), a. Having no brief; without clients; as, a briefless barrister. Brief¶ly (?), adv. Concisely; in few words. Brief¶man (?), n. 1. One who makes a brief. 2. A copier of a manuscript. Brief¶ness (?), n. The quality of being brief; brevity; conciseness in discourse or writing. Bri¶er, Bri¶ar (?), n. [OE. brere, brer, AS. brÇr, br‘r; cf. Ir. briar prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. preas bush, brier, W. prys, prysg.] 1. A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles; especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax. 2. Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the feelings. The thorns and briers of reproof. Cowper. Brier root, the root of the southern Smilax laurifolia and S. Walleri; Ð used for tobacco pipes. Ð Cat brier, Green brier, several species of Smilax (S. rotundifolia, etc.) Ð Sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa). See Sweetbrier. Ð Yellow brier, the Rosa Eglantina. Bri¶ered (?), a. Set with briers. Chatterton. Bri¶erÏy (?), a. Full of briers; thorny. Bri¶erÏy, n. A place where briers grow. Huloet. Brig (?), n. A bridge. [Scot.] Burns. Brig, n. [Shortened from Brigantine.] (Naut.) A twoÐmasted, squareÐrigged vessel. Hermaphrodite brig, a twoÐmasted vessel squareÐrigged forward and schoonerÐrigged aft. See Illustration in Appendix. BriÏgade¶ (?), n. [F. brigade, fr. It. brigata troop, crew, brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. briga trouble, quarrel. See Brigand.] 1. (Mil.) A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general. µ Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or corps d'arm‚e. [U.S.] 2. Any body of persons organized for actingÿor marching together under authority; as, a fire brigade. Brigade inspector, an officer whose duty is to inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into service. Ð Brigade major, an officer who may be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his duties. BriÏgade¶, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brigaded; p.pr. & vb.n. Brigading.] (Mil.) To form into a brigade, or into brigades. Brig·aÏdier¶ gen¶erÏal (?). [F. brigadier, fr. brigade.] (Mil.) An officer in rank next above a colonel, and below a major general. He commands a brigade, and is sometimes called, by a shortening of his title, simple a brigadier. Brig¶and (?), n. [F. brigand, OF. brigant lightÐarmed soldier, fr. LL. brigans lightÐarmed soldier (cf. It. brigante.) fr. brigare to strive, contend, fr. briga quarrel; prob. of German origin, and akin to E. break; cf. Goth. brikanÿto break, brakja strife. Cf. Brigue.] 1. A lightÐarmed, irregular foot soldier. [Obs.] 2. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter. Giving them not a little the air of brigands or banditti. Jeffery. Brig¶andÏage (?), n. [F. brigandage.] Life and practice of brigands; highway robbery; plunder. Brig¶anÏdine (?), n. [F. brigandine (cf. It. brigantina), fr. OF. brigant. See Brigand.] A coast of armor for the body, consistingÿof scales or plates, sometimes overlappingÿeach other, generally of metal, and sewed to linen or other material. It was worn in the Middle Ages. [Written also brigantine.] Jer.xlvi.4. Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet, And brigandine of brass. Milton. Brig¶andÏish (?), a. Like a brigand or freebooter; robberlike. Brig¶andÏism (?), n. Brigandage. Brig¶anÏtine (?), n. [F. brigantin, fr. It. brigantino, originally, a practical vessel. See Brigand, and cf. Brig] 1. A practical vessel. [Obs.] 2. A twoÐmasted, squareÐrigged vessel, differing from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail. 3. See Brigandine. Brig¶ge (?), n. A bridge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bright (?), v.i. See Brite, v.i. Bright (?), a. [OE. briht, AS. beorht, briht; akin to OS. berht, OHG. beraht, Icel. bjartr, Goth. ba¡rhts. û94.] 1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light; shining; luminous; not dark. The sun was bright o'erhead. Longfellow. The earth was dark, but the heavens were bright. Drake. The public places were as bright as at noonday. Macaulay. 2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent. From the brightest wines He 'd turn abhorrent. Thomson. 3. Having qualities that render conspicuous or attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye; resplendent with charms; as, bright beauty. Bright as an angel newÐdropped from the sky. Parnell. 4. Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent. 5. Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery. Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak. 6. Illustrious; glorious. In the brightest annals of a female reign. Cotton. 7. Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes; clear; evident; plain. That he may with more ease, with brighter evidence, and with surer success, draw the bearner on. I.Watts. 8. Of brilliant color; of lively hue or appearance. Here the bright crocus and blue violet grew. Pope. µ Bright is used in composition in the sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; as, brightÐeyed, brightÐhaired, brightÐhued. Syn. - Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty; clear; vivacious; sunny. Bright, n. Splendor; brightness. [Poetic] Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear. Milton. Bright, adv. Brightly. Chaucer. I say it is the moon that shines so bright. Shak. Bright¶en, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brightened (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brightening.] From Bright, a.] 1. To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of; to give a brighter hue to. 2. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to add luster or splendor to. The present queen would brighten her character, if she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her people. Swift. 3. To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or removing that which obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to make cheerful; as, to brighten one's prospects. An ecstasy, which mothers only feel, Plays round my heart and brightens all my sorrow. Philips. 4. To make acute or witty; to enliven. Johnson. Bright¶en, v.i. [AS. beorhtan.] To grow bright, or more bright; to become less dark or gloomy; to clear up; to become bright or cheerful. And night shall brighten into day. N.Cotton. And, all his prospects brightening to the last, His heaven commences ere world be past. Goldsmith. Bright¶Ðhar·nessed (?), a. Having glittering armor. [Poetic] Milton. Bright¶ly, adv. 1. Brilliantly; splendidly; with luster; as, brightly shining armor. 2. With lively intelligence; intelligently. Looking brightly into the mother's face. Hawthorne. Bright¶ness, n. [AS. beorhines. See Bright.] 1. The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster; brilliancy; clearness. A sudden brightness in his face appear. Crabbe. 2. Acutenessÿ(of the faculties); sharpness 9wit. The brightness of his parts ... distinguished him. Prior. Syn. - Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence; brilliancy; effulgence; glory; clearness. Bright's¶ disÏease¶ (?). [From Dr. Bright of London, who first described it.] (Med.) An affection of the kidneys, usually inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of Bright's disease are now recognized, differing in the part of the kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid process. Bright¶some (?), a. Bright; clear; luminous; brilliant. [R.] Marlowe. BriÏgose¶ (?), a. [LL. brigosus, It. brigoso. See Brigue, n.] Contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Puller. Brigue (?), n. [F. brigue, fr. LL. briga quarrel. See Brigand.] A cabal, intrigue, faction, contention, strife, or quarrel. [Obs.] Chesterfield. Brigue, v.i. [F. briguer. See Brigue, n.] To contend for; to canvass; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Hurd. Brike (?), n. [AS. brice.] A breach; ruin; downfall; peril. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brill (?), n. [Cf. Corn. brilli mackerel, fr. brith streaked, speckled.] (Zo”l.) A fish allied to the turbot (Rhombus levis), much esteemed in England for food; Ð called also bret, pearl, prill. See Bret. ØBrilÏlan¶te (?), adv. [It. See Brilliant, a.] (Mus.) In a gay, showy, and sparkling style. Bril¶lance (?), n. Brilliancy. Tennyson. Bril¶lanÏcy (?), n. [See Brilliant.] The quality of being brilliant; splendor; glitter; great brighness, whether in a literal or figurative sense. With many readers brilliancy of style passes for affluence of thought. Longfellow.

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Bril¶liant (?), a. [F. brillant, p.pr. of brillerÿto shine or sparkle (cf. Pr. & Sp. brillar, It. brillare), fr. L. beryllus a precious stone of seaÐgreen color, Prov. It. brill. See Beryl.] 1. Sparklingÿwith luster; glittering; very bright; as, a brilliant star. 2. Distinguished by qualities which excite admiration; splended; shining; as, brilliant talents. Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to perform brilliant exploits. Fisher Ames. Syn. - See Shining. Bril¶liant, n. [F. brillant. See Brilliant, a.] 1. A diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a principal face, called the table, which is surrounded by a number of sloping facets forming a bizet; below, it has a small face or collet, parallel to the table, connected with the gridle by a pavilion of elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the rose diamond, which is entirely covered with facets on the surface, and is flat below. This snuffbox Ð on the hinge see brilliants shine. Pope. 2. (Print.) The small size of type used in England printing. µ This line is printed in the type called Brilliant. ?? 3. A kind of kotton goods, figured on the weaving. Bril¶liantÏly, adv. In a brilliant manner. Bril¶liantÏness, n. Brilliancy; splendor; glitter. Brills (?), n. pl. [CF. G. brille spectacles, D. bril, fr. L. berillus. See Brilliant.] The hair on the eyelids of a horse. Bailey. Brim (?), n. [OE. brim, brimme, AS. brymme edge, border; akin to Icel. barmr, Sw. br„m, Dan. br‘mme, G. brame, br„me. Possibly the same word as AS. brim surge, sea, and properly meaning, the line of surf at the border of the sea, and akin to L. fremere to roar, murmur. Cf. Breeze a fly.] 1. The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow vessel used for holding anything. Saw I that insect on this goblet's brim I would remove it with an anxious pity. Coleridge. 2. The edgeÿor margin, as of a fountain, or of the water contained in it; the brink; border. The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the brim of the water. Josh.iii.15. 3. The rim of a hat. Wordsworth. Brim, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Brimmed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brimming.] To be full to the brim. ½The brimming stream.¸ Milton. To brim over (literally or figuratively), to be so full that some of the contents flows over the brim; as, cup brimming overÿwith wine; a man brimming over with fun. Brim, v.t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top. Arrange the board and brim the glass. Tennyson. Brim, a. Fierce; sharp; cold. See Breme. [Obs.] Brim¶ful (?), a. Full to the brim; completely full; ready to overflow. ½Her brimful eyes.¸ Dryden. Brim¶less, a. Having no brim; as, brimless caps. Brimmed (?), a. 1. Having a brim; Ð usually in composition. ½BroadÐbrimmed hat.¸ Spectator. 2. Full to, or level with, the brim. Milton. Brim¶mer (?), n. A brimful bowl; a bumper. Brim¶ming, a. Full to the brim; overflowing. Brim¶stone (?), n. [OE. brimston, bremston, bernston, brenston; cf. Icel. brennistein. See Burn, v.t., and Stone.] Sulphur; See Sulphur. Brim¶stone, a. Made of, or pertaining to, brimstone; as, brimstone matches. From his brimstone bed at break of day AÐwalking the devil has gone. Coleridge. Brim¶sto·ny (?), a. Containing or resembling brimstone; sulphurous. B.Jonson. Brin (?), n. [F.] One of the radiating sticks of a fan. The outermost are larger and longer, and are called panaches. Knight. Brin¶ded (?), a. [Cf. Icel. br”ndÓttr brindled, fr. brandr brand; and OE. bernen, brinnen, to burn. See Brand, Burn.] Of a gray or tawny color with streaks of darker hue; streaked; brindled. ½Three brinded cows,¸ Dryden. ½The brinded cat.¸ Shak. Brin¶dle (?), n. [See Brindled.] 1. The state of being brindled. 2. A brindled color; also, that which is brindled. Brin¶dle, a. Brindled. Brin¶dled (?), a. [A dim. form of brinded.] Having dark streaks or spots on a gray or tawny ground; brinded. ½With a brindled lion played.¸ Churchill. Brine (?), n. [AS. bryne a burning, salt liquor, brine, fr. brinnan, brynnan, to burn. See Burn.] 1. Water saturated or strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence, any strong saline solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother liquor resultingÿfrom the evaporation of natural or artificial waters. 2. The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt lake. Not long beneath the whelming brine ... he lay. Cowper. 3. Tears; Ð so called from their saltness. What a deal of brine Hath washed thy sallow cheecks for Rosaline! Shak. Brine flyÿ(Zo”l.), a fly of the genus Ephydra, the larv‘ of which live in artificial brines and in salt lakes. Ð Brine gauge, an instrument for measuring the saltnessÿof a liquid. Ð Brine pan, a pit or pan of salt water, where salt is formed by cristallization. Ð Brine pit, a salt spring or well, from which water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt. Ð Brine pump (Marine Engin.), a pump for changing the water in the boilers, so as to clear them of the brine which collects at the bottom. Ð Brine shrimp, Brine wormÿ(Zo”l.), a phyllopod crustacean of the genus Artemia, inhabiting the strong brines of salt works and natural salt lakes. See Artemia. Ð Brine spring, a spring of salt water. Ð Leach brine (Saltmaking), brineÿwhich drops from granulated salt in drying, and is preserved to be boiled again. Brine (?), v.t. 1. To steep or saturate in brine. 2. To sprinkle with salt or brine; as, to brine hay. Bring (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brought (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bringing.] [OE. bringen, AS. bringan; akin to OS. brengian, D. brengen, Fries. brenga, OHG. bringan, G. bringen, Goth. briggan.] 1. To convey to the place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more distant to a nearer place; to fetch. And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread. 1 Kings xvii.11. To France shall we convey you safe, And bring you back. Shak. 2. To cause the accession or obtaining of; to procure; to make to come; to produce; to draw to. There is nothing will bring you more honor ... than to do what right in justice you may. Bacon. 3. To convey; to move; to carry or conduct. In distillation, the water ... brings over with it some part of the oil of vitriol. Sir I.Newton. 4. To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to guide. It seems so preposterous a thing ... that they do not easily bring themselves to it. Locke. The nature of the things ... would not suffer him to think otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is brought to reflect on them. Locke. 5. To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch; as, what does coal bring per ton? To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect; to accomplish. Ð To bring back. (a) To recall. (b) To restore, as something borrowed, to its owner. Ð To bring by the lee (Naut.), to incline so rapidly to leeward of the course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side suddenly to the windward, any by laying the sails aback, expose her to danger of upsetting. Ð To bringÿdown. (a) To cause to come down. (b) To humble or abase; as, to bring down high looks. Ð To bring down the house, to cause tremendous applause. [Colloq.] Ð To bring forth. (a) To produce, as young fruit. (b) To bring to light; to make manifest. Ð To bring forward (a) To exhibit; to introduce; to produce to view. (b) To hasten; to promote; to forward. (c) To propose; to adduce; as, to bring forward arguments. Ð Toÿbring home. (a) To bring to one's house. (b) To prove conclusively; as, to bring home a charge of treason. (c) To cause one to feel or appreciate by personal experience. (d) (Naut.) To lift of its place, as an anchor. Ð To bring in. (a) To fetch from without; to import. (b) To introduce, as a bill in a deliberative assembly. (c) To return or repot to, or lay before, a court or other body; to render; as, to bring in a verdict or a report. (d) To take to an appointed place of deposit or collection; as, to bring in provisions or money for a specified object. (e) To produce, as income. (f) To induce to join. Ð To bring off, to bear or convey away; to clear from condemnation; to cause to escape. Ð To bring on. (a) To cause to begin. (b) To originate or cause to exist; as, to bring on a disease. Ð Toÿbring one on one's way, to accompany, guide, or attend one. Ð Toÿbring out, to expose; to detect; to bring to light from concealment. Ð To bring over. (a) To fetch or bear across. (b) To convert by persuasion or other means; to cause to change sides or an opinion. Ð Toÿbring to. (a) To resuscitate; to bring back to consciousnessÿor life, as a fainting person. (b) (Naut.) To check the course of, as of a ship, by dropping the anchor, or by counterbracing the sails so as to keep her nearly stationary (she is then said to lie to). (c) To cause (a vessel) to lie to, as by firing across her course. (d) To apply a rope to the capstan. Ð To bring to light, to disclose; to discover; to make clear; to reveal. Ð To bring a sail to (Naut.), to bend it to the yard. Ð Toÿbring to pass, to accomplish to effect. ½Trust also in Him; and He shall bring it to pass.¸ Ps. xxxvii.5. Ð Toÿbring under, to subdue; to restrain; to reduce to obedience. Ð Toÿbring up. (a) To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to educate. (b) To cause to stop suddenly. (c) [v.i. by dropping the reflexive pronoun] To stop suddenly; to come to a standstill. [Colloq.] Ð To bring up (any one) with a round turn, to cause (any one) to stop abruptly. [Colloq.] Ð Toÿbe brought to bed. See under Bed. Syn. - To fetch; bear; carry; convey; transport; import; procure; produce; cause; adduce; induce. Bring¶er (?), n. One who brings. Yet the first bringer of unwelcome news Hath but a losing office. Shak. Bringer in, one who, or that which, introduces. Brin¶iÏness (?), n. The state or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness. Brin¶ish (?), a. Like brine; somewhat salt; saltish. ½Brinish tears.¸ Shak. Brin¶ishÏness, n. State or quality of being brinish. ØBrin¶jaÏree· (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A roughÐhaired East Indian variety of the greyhound. Brink (?), n. [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.] The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. ½The brink of vice.¸ Bp. Porteus. ½The brink of ruin.¸ Burke. The plashy brink of weedy lake. Bryant. Brin¶y (?), a. [From Brine.] Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood. Bri¶oÏny (?), n. See Bryony. Tennyson. Brisk (?), a. [Cf. W. brysg, fr. brys haste, Gael. briosg quick, lively, Ir. broisg a start, leap, jerk.] 1. Full of livelinessÿand activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action; lively; spirited; quick. Cheerily, boys; be brick awhile. Shak. Brick toil alternating with ready ease. Wordworth. 2. Full of spirit of life; effervesc?ng, as liquors; sparkling; as, brick cider. Syn. - Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick; sprightly; vivacious; gay; spirited; animated. Brisk (?), v.t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Bricked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bricking.] To make or become lively; to enliven; to animate; to take, or cause to take, an erect or bold attitude; Ð usually with up. Bris¶ket (?), n. [OE. bruskette, OF. bruschet, F. br‚chet, brichet; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. bryscedÿthe breast of a slain animal, brisket, Corn. vrys breast, Armor. brusk, bruched, the front of the chest, Gael. brisgein the cartilaginous part of a bone.] That part of the breast of an animal which extends from the fore legs back beneath the ribs; also applied to the fore part of a horse, from the shoulders to the bottom of the chest. [See Illust. of Beef.] Brisk¶ly (?), adv. In a brisk manner; nimbly. Brisk¶ness, n. Liveliness; vigor in action; quickness; gayety; vivacity; effervescence. Bris¶tle (?), n. [OE. bristel, brustel, AS. bristl, byrst; akin to D. borstel, OHG. burst, G. borste, Icel. burst, Sw. borst, and to Skr. bh?shti edge, point, and prob, L. fastigium extremity, Gr. ? stern of a ship, and E. brush, burr, perh. to brad. û96.] 1. A short, stiff, coarse hair, as on the back of swine. 2. (Bot.) A stiff, sharp, roundish hair. Gray. Bris¶tle, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bristled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bristling (?).] 1. To erect the bristles of; to cause to stand up, as the bristles of an angry hog; Ð sometimes with up. Now for the bareÐpicked bone of majesty Doth dogged war bristle his angry crest. Shak. Boy, bristle thy courage up. Shak. 2. To fix a bristle to; as, to bristle a thread. Bris¶tle, v.i. 1. To rise or stand erect, like bristles. His hair did bristle upon his head. Sir W.Scott. 2. To appear as if covered with bristles; to have standing, thick and erect, like bristles. The hill of L? Haye Sainte bristling with ten thousand bayonets. Thackeray. Ports bristling with thousands of masts. Macaulay. 3. To show deflance or indignation. To bristle up, to show anger or deflance. Bris¶tleÐpoint·ed (?), a. (Bot.) Terminating in a very fine, sharp point, as some leaves. Bris¶tleÐshaped· (?), a. Resembling a bristle in form; as, a bristleÐshaped leaf. Bris¶tleÐtail· (?), n. (Zo”l.) An insect of the genera Lepisma, Campodea, etc., belonging to the Thysanura. Bris¶tliÏness (?), n. The quality or state of having bristles. Bris¶tly (?), a. THick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough. The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat bristly. Bacon. Bris¶tol (?), n. A seaport city in the west of England. Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface. Ð Bristol brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing cultery; Ð originally manufactured at Bristol. Ð Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near Bristol, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called Bristol diamond. BriÏsure¶ (?), n. [F.] 1. (Fort.) Any part of a rampart or parapet which deviates from the general direction. 2. (Her.) A mark of cadency or difference. Brit, Britt (?), n. (Zo”l.) (a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat. (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed. BriÏtan¶niÏa (?), n. [From L. Britannia Great Britain.] A whiteÐmetal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also Britannia metal. BriÏtan¶nic (?), a. [L. Britannicus, fr. Britannia Great Britain.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; as, her Britannic Majesty. Brite, Bright (?), v.t. To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov. Eng.] Brit¶iÏcism (?), n. A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain. Brit¶ish (?), a. [AS. Brittisc, Bryttisc.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; Ð sometimes restrict to the original inhabitants. British gum, a brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a temperature of about 600ø Fahr. It corresponds, in its properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for gum in stiffering goods. Ð British lion, the national emblem of Great Britain. Ð British seas, the four seas which surround Great Britain. Brit¶ish, n. pl. People of Great Britain. Brit¶ishÏer, n. An Englishman; a subjectÿor inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely] Brit¶on (?), a. [AS. bryten Britain.] British. [Obs.] Spenser.Ð n. A native of Great Britain. Brit¶tle (?), a. [OE. britel, brutel, AS. bryttian to dispense, fr. bre¢tanÿto break; akin to Icel. brytja, Sw. bryta, Dan. bryde. Cf. Brickle.] Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious<-- contrast to flexible; usually hard -->. Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece Of fineÐcut crystal. Cotton. Brittle silver ore, the mineral stephanite. Brit¶tleÏly, adv. In a brittle manner. Sherwood. Brit¶tleÏness, n. Aptness to break; fragility.

<-- p. 183 -->

Brit¶tle star· (?). Any speciesÿof ophiuran starfishes. See Ophiuroidea. Britz¶ska (?), n. [Russ. britshka; cf. Pol. bryczka, dim. of bryka freight wagon.] A long carriage, with a calash top, so constructed as to give space for recliningÿat night, when used on a journey. Brize (?), n. The breeze fly. See Breeze. Shak. Broach (?), n. [OE. broche, F. broche, fr. LL. brocca; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. proc thrust, stab, Gael. brog awl. Cf. Brooch.] 1. A spit. [Obs.] He turned a broach that had worn a crown. Bacon. 2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each end, used by thatchers. [Prov. Eng.] Forby. 3. (Mech.) (a) A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is commonly square and without taper. (b) A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving tools; a drift. 4. (Masonry) A broad chisel for stonecutting. 5. (Arch.) A spire rising from a tower. [Local, Eng.] 6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See Brooch. 7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag. 8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping. Knight. 9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key. Broach, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broached (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Broaching.] [F. brocher, fr. broche. See Broach, n.] 1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit. I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point. Shak. 2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood. Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast. Shak. 3. To open for the first time, as stores. You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the old armories, I will broach my store, and will bring forth my stores. Knolles. 4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation. Those very opinions themselves had broached. Swift. 5. To cause to begin or break out. [Obs.] Shak. 6. (Masonry) To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool. [Scot. & North of Eng.] 7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach. To broach to (Naut.), to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting. Broach¶er (?), n. 1. A spit; a broach. On five sharp broachers ranked, the roast they turned. Dryden. 2. One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher or promoter. Some such broacher of heresy. Atterbury. Broad (?), a. [Compar. Broader (?); superl. Broadest.] [OE. brod, brad, AS. br¾d; akin to OS. brÇd, D. breed, G. breit, Icel. brei?r, Sw. & Dan. bred, Goth. braids. Cf. Breadth.] 1. Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; Ð opposed to narrow; as, a broad street, a broad table; an inch broad. 2. Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; as, the broad expanse of ocean. 3. Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear; full. ½Broad and open day.¸ Bp. Porteus. 4. Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or quality; not limited; not restrained; Ð applied to any subject, and retaining the literal idea more or less clearly, the precise meaning depending largely on the substantive. A broad mixture of falsehood. Locke. Hence: Ð 5. Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged. The words in the Constitution are broad enough to include the case. D.Daggett. In a broad, statesmanlike, and masterly way. E.Everett. 6. Plain; evident; as, a broad hint. 7. Free; unrestrained; unconfined. As broad and general as the casing air. Shak. 8. (Fine Arts) Characterized by breadth. See Breadth. 9. Cross; coarse; indelicate; as, a broad compliment; a broad joke; broad humor. 10. Strongly marked; as, a broad Scotch accent. µ Broad is often used in compounds to signify wide, large, etc.; as, broadÐchested, broadÐshouldered, broadÐspreading, broadÐwinged. Broad acres. See under Acre. Ð Broad arrow, originally a pheon. See Pheon, and Broad arrow under Arrow. Ð As broad as long, having the length equal to the breadth; hence, the same one way as another; coming to the same result by different ways or processes. It is as broad as long, whether they rise to others, or bring others down to them. L'Estrange. Ð Broad pennant. See under Pennant. Syn. - Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy; extensive; vast; comprehensive; liberal. Broad, n. 1. The broad part of anything; as, the broad of an oar. 2. The spread of a river into a sheet of water; a flooded fen. [Local, Eng.] Southey. 3. A lathe tool for turning down the insides and bottoms of cylinders. Knight. Broad¶ax· Broad¶axe· } (?), n. 1. An ancient military weapon; a battleÐax. 2. An ax with a broad edge, for hewingÿtimber. Broad¶bill· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) A wild duck (Aythya, or Fuligula, marila), which appears in large numbers on the eastern coast of the United States, in auntum; Ð called also bluebill, blackhead, raft duck, and scaup duck. See Scaup duck. 2. (Zo”l.) The shoveler. See Shoveler. Broad¶brim· (?), n. 1. A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the society of Friends. 2. A member of the society of Friends; a Quaker. [Sportive] Broad¶Ðbrimmed· (?), a. Having a broad brim. A broadÐbrimmed flat silver plate. Tatler. Broad¶cast· (?), n. (Agric.) A casting or throwing seed in all directions, as from the hand in sowing. Broad¶cast·, a. 1. Cast or dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in sowing; widely diffused. 2. Scattering in all directions (as a method of sowing); Ð opposed to planting in hills, or rows. Broad¶cast·, adv. So as to scatter or be scattered in all directions; so as to spread widely, as seed from the hand in sowing, or news from the press. Broad¶ Church· (?). (Eccl.) A portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who claim to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship, intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine and fellowship. Side by side with these various shades of High and Low Church, another party of a different character has always existed in the Church of England. It is called by different names: Moderate, Catholic, or Broad Church, by its friends; Latitudinarian or Indifferent, by its enemies. Its distinctive character is the desire of comprehension. Its watch words are charity and toleration. Conybeare. Broad¶cloth (?), n. A fine smoothÐfaced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of double width (i.e., a yard and a half); Ð so called in distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide. Broad¶en (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broadened (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Broadening (?).] [From Broad, a.] To grow broad; to become broader or wider. The broadening sun appears. Wordsworth. Broad¶en, v.t. To make broad or broader; to render more broad or comprehensive. Broad¶ gauge· (?). (Railroad) A wider distance between the rails than the ½standard¸ gauge of four feet eight inches and a half. See Gauge. Broad¶Ðhorned· (?), a. Having horns spreading widely. Broad¶ish, a. Rather broad; moderately broad. Broad¶leaf· (?), n. (Bot.) A tree (Terminalia latifolia) of Jamaica, the wood of which is used for boards, scantling, shingles, etc; Ð sometimes called the almond tree, from the shape of its fruit. Broad¶Ðleaved· (?), Broad¶Ðleafed· (?), a. Having broad, or relatively broad, leaves. Keats. Broad¶ly, adv. In a broad manner. Broad¶mouth· (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Eurylaimid‘, a family of East Indian passerine birds. Broad¶ness, n. [AS. br¾dnes.] The conditionÿor quality of being broad; breadth; coarseness; grossness. Broad¶piece· (?), n. An old English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus or Jacobus. Broad¶ seal· (?). The great seal of England; the public seal of a country or state. Broad¶seal·, v.t. To stamp with the broad seal; to make sure; to guarantee or warrant. [Obs.] Thy presence broadseals our delights for pure. B.Jonson. Broad¶side· (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The side of a ship aboveÿthe water line, from the bow to the quarter. 2. A discharge of or from all the guns on one side of a ship, at the same time. 3. A volley of abuse or denunciation. [Colloq.] 4. (Print.) A sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one side only; Ð called also broadsheet. Broad¶spread· (?), a. Widespread. Broad¶spread·ing, a. Spreading widely. Broad¶sword· (?), n. A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore. I heard the broadsword's deadly clang. Sir W.Scott. Broad¶wise· (?), adv. Breadthwise. [Archaic] Brob (?), n. [Cf. Gael. brog, E. brog, n.] (Carp.) A peculiar bradÐshaped spike, to be driven alongside the end of an abutting timber to prevent its slipping. Brob·dingÏnag¶iÏan (?), a. [From Brobdingnag, a country of giants in ½Gulliver's Travels.¸] Colossal' of extraordinary height; gigantic. Ð n. A giant. [Spelt often Brobdignagian.] BroÏcade¶ (?), n. [Sp. brocado (cf. It. broccato, F. brocart), fr. LL. brocare *prick, to figure (textile fabrics), to emboss (linen), to stitch. See Broach.] Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; Ð also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched. A gala suit of faded brocade. W.Irving. BroÏcad¶ed (?), a. 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with raised flowers, etc. Brocaded flowers o'er the gay mantua shine. Gay. 2. Dressed in brocade. Bro¶cage (?), n. See Brokkerage. Broc¶ard (?), n. [Perh. fr. Brocardica, Brocardicorum opus, a collection of ecclesiastical canons by Burkhard, Bishop of Worms, called, by the Italians and French, Brocard.] An elementary principle or maximum; a short, proverbial rule, in law, ethics, or metaphysics. The legal brocard, ½Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus,¸ is a rule not more applicable to other witness than to consciousness. Sir W.Hamilton. Bro¶caÏtel (?), n. [F. brocatelle, fr. It. brocatello: cf. Sp. brocatel. See Brocade.] 1. A kind of coarse brocade, or figured fabric, used chiefly for tapestry, linings for carriages, etc. 2. A marble, clouded and veined with white, gray, yellow, and red, in which the yellow usually prevails. It is also called Siena marble, from its locality. Bro·caÏtel¶lo (?), n. Same as Brocatel. Broc¶coÏli (?), n. [It. broccoli, pl. of broccolo sprout, cabbage sprout, dim. of brocco splinter. See Broach, n.] (Bot.) A plant of the Cabbage species (Brassica oleracea) of many varieties, resembling the cauliflower. The ½curd,¸ or flowering head, is the part used for food. Broch¶anÏtite (?), n. [From Brochant de Villiers, a French mineralogist.] (Min.) A basic sulphate of copper, occurring in emeraldÐgreen crystals. ØBro·ch‚¶ (?), a. [F.] Woven with a figure; as, broch‚ goods. ØBroche (?), n. [F.] See Broach, n. ØBroÏchure¶ (?), n. [F., fr. brocher to stitch. See Broach, v.t.] A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a pamphlet. Brock (?), n. [AS. broc, fr. W. broch; akin to Ir. & Gael. broc, Corn. & Armor. broch; cf. Ir. & Gael. breac speckled.] (Zo”l.) A badger. Or with pretense of chasing thence the brock. B.Jonson. Brock, n. [See Brocket.] (Zo”l.) A brocket. Bailey. Brock¶er (?), n. [OE. broket, F. broquart fallow deer a year old, fr. the same root as E. broach, meaning point (hence tine of a horn).] 1. (Zo”l.) A male red deer two years old; Ð sometimes called brock. 2. (Zo”l.) A small South American deer, of several species (Coassus superciliaris, C. rufus, and C. auritus). Brock¶ish, a. Beastly; brutal. [Obs.] Bale. Brode¶kin (?), n. [F. brodequin, OE. brossequin, fr. OD. broseken, brosekin, dim. of broos buskin, prob. fr. LL. byrsa leather, Gr. ? skin, hide. Cf. Buskin.] A buskin or halfÐboot. [Written also brodequin.] [Obs.] Brog (?), n. [Gael. Cf. Brob.] A pointed instrument, as a joiner's awl, a brad awl, a needle, or a small ship stick. Brog, v.t. To prod with a pointed instrument, as a lance; also, to broggle. [Scot. & Prov.] Sir W.Scott. Bro¶gan (?), n. A stout, coarse shoe; a brogue. Brog¶gle (?), v.i. [Dim. of Prov. E. brog to broggle. Cf. Brog, n.] To sniggle, or fish with a brog. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Brogue (?), n. [Ir. & Gael. brog shoe, hoof.] 1. A stout, coarse shoe; a brogan. µ In the Highlands of Scotland, the ancient brogue was made of horsehide or deerskin, untanned or tenned with the hair on, gathered round the ankle with a thong. The name was afterward given to any shoe worn as a part of the Highland costume. Clouted brogues, patched brogues; also, brogues studded with nails. See under Clout, v.t. 2. A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner of pronouncing English. Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker brogue. Lloyd. Brogues (?), n. pl. [Cf. Breeches.] Breeches. [Obs.] Shenstone. Broid (?), v.t. To braid. [Obs.] Chaucer. Broid¶er (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broidered (?).] [OE. broiden, brouden, F. broder, confused with E. braid; F. broder is either the same word as border to border (see Border), or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. W. brathu to sting, stab, Ir. & Gael. brod goad, prickle, OE. brod a goad; and also Icel. broddr a spike, a sting, AS. brord a point.] To embroider. [Archaic] They shall make a broidered coat. Ex.xxviii.4. Broid¶erÏer (?), n. One who embroiders. [Archaic] Broid¶erÏy (?), n. Embroidery. [Archaic] The golden broidery tender Milkah wove. Tickell. Broil (?), n. [F. brouiller to disorder, from LL. brogilus, broilus, brolium, thicket, wood, park; of uncertain origin; cf. W. brog a swelling out, OHG. prÓil marsh, G. brhl, MHG. brogen to rise. The meaning tumult, confusion, comes apparently from tangled undergrowth, thicket, and this possibly from the meaning to grow, rise, sprout.] A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl; contention; discord, either between individuals or in the state. I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human nature which will which will cause innumerable broils, place men in what situation you please. Burke. Syn. - Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation; dissension; discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar. Broil, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Broiled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Broiling.] [OE. broilen, OF. bruillir, fr. bruirÿto broil, burn; of Ger. origin; cf. MHG. brejen, G. brhen, to scald, akin to E. brood.] 1. To cook by direct exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a gridiron over coals. 2. To subject to great (commonly direct) heat. Broil, v.i. To be subjected to the action of heat, as meat over the fire; to be greatly heated, or to be made uncomfortable with heat. The planets and comets had been broiling in the sun. Cheyne. Broil¶er (?), n. One who excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy quarrels. What doth he but turn broiler, ... make new libels against the church? Hammond. Broil¶er, n. 1. One who broils, or cooks by broiling. 2. A gridiron or other utensil used in broiling. 3. A chicken or other bird fit for broiling. [Colloq.] Broil¶ing, a. Excessively hot; as, a broiling sun. Ð n. The act of causing anything to broil. Bro¶kage (?), n. See Brokerage. Broke (?), v.i. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.] 1. To transact business for another. [R.] Brome. 2. To act as procurer in love matters; to pimp. [Obs.] We do want a certain necessary woman to broke between them, Cupid said. Fanshawe. And brokes with all that can in such a suit Corrupt the tender honor of a maid. Shak.

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Broke (?), imp. p.p. of Break. Bro¶ken (?), a. [From Break, v.t.] 1. Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into fragments; as, a broken chain or rope; a broken dish. 2. Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough; uneven; as, a broken surface. 3. Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered; strained; apart; as, a broken reed; broken friendship. 4. Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or hardships. The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind was broken. G.Eliot. The broken soldier, kindly bade to stay, Sat by his fire, and talked the night away. Goldsmith. 5. Subdued; humbled; contrite. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. Ps.li.17. 6. Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse. 7. Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys hope; blighted. ½Her broken love and life.¸ G.Eliot. 8. Not carried into effect; not adhered to; violated; as, a broken promise, vow, or contract; a broken law. 9. Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming promises made, or of paying debts incurred; as, a broken bank; a broken tradesman. 10. Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; as, broken English; imperfectly spoken on account of emotion; as, to say a few broken words at parting. Amidst the broken words and loud weeping of those grave senators. Macaulay. Broken ground. (a) (Mil.) Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were retarded in their advance by broken ground. (b) Ground recently opened with the plow. Ð Broken line (Geom.), the straight lines which join a number of given points taken in some specified order. Ð Broken meat, fragments of meat or other food. Ð Broken number, a fraction. Ð Broken weather, unsettled weather. Bro¶kenÐbacked· (?), a. 1. Having a broken back; as, a brokenÐbacked chair. 2. (Naut.) Hogged; so weakened in the frame as to droop at each end; Ð said of a ship. Totten. Bro¶kenÐbel·lied (?), a. Having a ruptured belly. [R.] Bro¶kenÐheart·ed (?), a. Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair. She left her husband almost brokenÐhearted. Macaulay. Syn. - Disconsolable; heartÐbroken; inconsolable; comfortless; woeÐbegone; forlorn. Bro¶kenÏly, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner; in a broken state; in broken language. The pagans worship God ... as it were brokenly and by piecemeal. Cudworth. Bro¶kenÏness, n. 1. The state or quality of being broken; unevenness. Macaulay. 2. Contrition; as, brokenness of heart. Bro¶ken wind· (?). (Far.) The heaves. Bro¶kenÐwind·ed, a. (Far.) Having short breath or disordered respiration, as a horse. Bro¶ker (?), n. [OE. brocour, from a word akin to broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, possess, digest, fr. AS. br?canÿto use, enjoy; cf. Fries. broker, F. brocanteur. See Brook, v.t.] 1. One who transacts business for another; an agent. 2. (Law) An agent employed to effect bargains and contracts, as a middleman or negotiator, between other persons, for a compensation commonly called brokerage. He takes no possession, as broker, of the subject matter of the negotiation. He generally contracts in the names of those who employ him, and not in his own. Story. 3. A dealer in money, notes, bills of exchange, etc. 4. A dealer in secondhand goods. [Eng.] 5. A pimp or procurer. [Obs.] Shak. Bill broker, one who buys and sells notes and bills of exchange. Ð Curbstone broker or Street broker, an operator in stocks (not a member of the Stock Exchange) who executes orders by running from office to office, or by transactions on the street. [U.S.] Ð Exchange broker, one who buys and sells uncurrent money, and deals in exchanges relating to money. Ð Insurance broker, one who is agent in procuring insurance on vessels, or against fire. Ð Pawn broker. See Pawnbroker. Ð Real estate broker, one who buys and sells lands, and negotiates loans, etc., upon mortgage. Ð Ship broker, one who acts as agent in buying and selling ships, procuring freight, etc. Ð Stock broker. See Stockbroker. Bro¶kerÏage (?), n. 1. The businessÿor employment of a broker. Burke. 2. The fee, reward, or commission, given or changed for transacting business as a broker. Bro¶kerÏly, a. Mean; servile. [Obs.] B.Jonson. Bro¶kerÏy (?), n. The businessÿof a broker. [Obs.] And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting, And tricks belonging unto brokery. Marlowe. Bro¶king (?), a. Of or pertaining to a broker or brokers, or to brokerage. [Obs.] Redeem from broking pawn the blemished crown. Shak. Bro¶ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? food, ? to eat.] 1. (Med.) Aliment; food. Dunglison. 2. A light form of prepared cocoa (or cacao), or the drink made from it. Bro¶mal (?), n. [Bromine + aldehyde.] (Chem.) An oily, colorless fluid, CBr?.COH, related to bromoform, as chloral is to chloroform, and obtained by the action of bromine on alcohol. Bro¶mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of bromic acid. Bro¶mate (?), v.t. (Med.) To combine or impregnate with bromine; as, bromated camphor. Bro·maÏtol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in the scienceÿof foods. Bro·maÏtol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, food + Ïlogy.] The science of aliments. Dunglison. ØBrome (?), n. [F.] (Chem.) See Bromine. Brome¶ grass· (?). [L. bromos a kind of oats, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) A genus (Bromus) of grasses, one speciesÿof which is the chess or cheat. BroÏme·liÏa¶ceous (?), a. [Named after Olaf Bromel, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a family of endogenous and mostly epiphytic or saxicolous plants of which the genera Tillandsia and Billbergia are examples. The pineapple, though terrestrial, is also of this family. Bro¶mic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; Ð said of those compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, bromic acid. Bro¶mide (?), n. (Chem.) A compoundÿof bromine with a positive radical. Bro¶miÏnate (?), v.t. See Bromate, v.t. Bro¶mine (?), n. [Gr. ? bad smell, stink. Cf. Brome.] (Chem.) One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8. Symbol Br. It is a deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite. Bro¶mism (?), n. (Med.) A diseased conditionÿproduced by the excessive use of bromine or one of its compounds. It is characterized by mental dullnessÿand muscular weakness. Bro¶mize (?), v.t. (Photog.) To prepare or treat with bromine; as, to bromize a silvered plate. Brom¶life (?), n. [From Bromley Hill, near Alston, Cumberland, England.] (Min.) A carbonate of baryta and lime, intermediate between witherite and strontianite; Ð called also alstonite. Bro¶moÏform (?), n. [Bromine + formyl.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, CHBr?, having an agreeable odor and sweetish taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine and caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as chloroform, with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is somewhat similar to chloroform in its effects. Watts. BromÏpi¶crin (?), n. [G. brompikrin; brom bromine + pikrins„ure picric acid.] (Chem.) A pungent colorless explosive liquid, CNO?Br?, analogous to and resembling chlorpicrin. [Spelt also brompikrin.] Brom¶uÏret (?), n. See Bromide. [Obs.] Brom¶yÏrite (?), n. [Bromine + Gr. ? silver.] (Min.) Silver bromide, a rare mineral; Ð called also bromargyrite. ØBron¶chi (?), n. pl. (Anat.) See Bronchus. ØBron¶chiÏa (?), n. pl. [L. , pl. Cf. Bronchus.] (Anat.) The bronchial tubes which arise from the branching of the trachea, esp. the subdivision of the bronchi. Dunglison. Bron¶chiÏal (?), a. [Cf. F. bronchial. See Bronchia.] (Anat.) Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs. Bronchial arteries, branchÿof the descending aorta, accompanying the bronchia in all their ramifications. Ð Bronchial cells, the air cells terminating the bronchia. Ð Bronchial glands, glands whose functions are unknown, seated along the bronchia. Ð Bronchial membrane, the mucous membrane lining the bronchia. Ð Bronchial tube, the bronchi, or the bronchia. Bron¶chic (?), a. (Anat.) Bronchial. Bron¶chiÏole (?), n. (Anat.) A minute bronchial tube. BronÏchit¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to bronchitis; as, bronchitic inflammation. BronÏchi¶tis (?), n. [Bronchus + Ïitis.] (Med.) Inflammation, acute or chronic, of the bronchial tubes or any part of them. Bron¶cho (?), n. [Sp. bronco rough, wild.] A native or a Mexican horse of small size. [Western U.S.] Bron¶choÏcele (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? windpipe + ? tumor.] (Med.) See Goiter. BronÏchoph¶oÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? windpipe + ? sound.] A modification of the voice sounds, by which they are intensified and heightened in pitch; Ð observed in auscultation of the chest in certain cases of introÐthroacic disease. Bron·choÐpneuÏmo¶niÏa (?), n. [Bronchus + pneumonia.] (Med.) Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs; catarrhal pneumonia. Bron¶choÏtome (?), n. [Gr. ? windpipe + ? to cut.] (Surg.) An instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes. BronÏchot¶oÏmy (?), n. (Surg.) An incision into the windpipe or larynx, including the operations of tracheotomy and laryngotomy. ØBron¶chus (?), n.; pl. Bronchi (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? windpipe. Cf. Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one of the two primary divisions. Bron¶co (?), n. Same as Broncho. Brond (?), n. [See Brand.] A sword. [Obs.] Bron¶toÏlite (?), Bron¶toÏlith (?), } n. [Gr. ? + Ïlite, Ïlith.] An a‰rolite. [R.] BronÏtol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? thunder + Ïlogy.] A treatise upon thunder. ØBron·toÏsau¶rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? thunder + ? lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs. A length of sixty feet is believed to have been attained by these reptiles. ØBron·toÏthe¶riÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? thunder + ? beast.] (Paleon.) A genus of large extinct mammals from the moicene strata of western North America. They were allied to the rhinoceros, but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores in front of the orbits, and the fore feet were fourÐtoed. See Illustration in Appendix. ØBron·toÏzo¶um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? thunder + ? animal.] (Paleon.) An extinct animal of large size, known from its threeÐtoed footprints in Mesozoic sandstone. µ The tracks made by these reptiles are found eighteen inches in length, and were formerly referred to gigantic birds; but the discovery of large bipedal threeÐtoed dinosaurs has suggested that they were made by those reptiles. Bronze (?), n. [F. bronze, fr. It. bronzo brown, fr. OHG. br?n, G. braun. See Brown, a.] 1. An alloy of copper and tin, to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell metal and speculum metal. 2. A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze. A print, a bronze, a flower, a root. Prior. 3. A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze. 4. Boldness; impudence; ½brass.¸ Imbrowned with native bronze, lo! Henley stands. Pope. Aluminium bronze. See under Aluminium. Ð Bronze age, an age of the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze. Ð Bronze powder, a metallic powder, used with size or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface. Ð Phosphor bronze and Silicious or Silicium bronze are made by adding phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are characterized by great tenacity. Bronze, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bronzed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bronzing.] [Cf. F. bronzer. See Bronze, n.] 1. To give an appearance of bronzeto, by a coating of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of bronze; as, to bronze plaster casts; to bronze coins or medals. The tall bronzed blackÐeyed stranger. W.Black. 2. To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen. The lawer who bronzes his bosom instead of his forefead. Sir W.Scott. Bronzed skin disease. (Pathol.) See Addison's disease. Bronze¶wing· (?), n. (Zo”l.) An Australian pigeon of the genus Phaps, of several species; Ð so called from its bronze plumage. Bronz¶ine (?), n. A metal so prepared as to have the appearance of bronze. Ð a. Made of bron?ine; resembling bronze; bronzelike. Bronz¶ing, n. 1. The act or art of communicating to articles in metal, wood, clay, plaster, etc., the appearance of bronze by means of bronze powders, or imitative painting, or by chemical processes. Tomlinson. 2. A material for bronzing. Bronz¶ist, n. One who makes, imitates, collects, or deals in, bronzes. Bronz¶ite (?), n. [Cf. F. bronzite.] (Min.) A variety of enstatite, often having a bronzelike luster. It is a silicate of magnesia and iron, of the pyroxene family. Bronz¶y (?), a. Like bronze. Brooch (?), n. [See Broach, n.] 1. An ornament, in various forms, with a tongue, pin, or loop for attaching it to a garment; now worn at the breast by women; a breastpin. Formerly worn by men on the hat. Honor 's a good brooch to wear a man's hat. B.Jonson. 2. (Paint.) A painting all of one color, as a sepia painting, or an India painting. Brooch, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brooched (?).] To adorn as with a brooch. [R.] Brood (?), n. [OE. brod, AS. brÓd; akin to D. broed, OHG. bruot, G. brut, and also to G. brhe broth, MHG. breje, and perh. to E. brawn, breath. Cf. Breed, v.t.] 1. The young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; as, a brood of chicken. As a hen doth gather her brood under her wings. Luke xiii.34. A hen followed by a brood of ducks. Spectator. 2. The young from the same dam, whether produced at the same time or not; young children of the same mother, especially if nearly of the same age; offspring; progeny; as, a woman with a brood of children. The lion roars and gluts his tawny brood. Wordsworth. 3. That which is bred or produced; breed; species. Flocks of the airy brood, (Cranes, geese or longÐnecked swans). Chapman. 4. (Mining) Heavy waste in tin and copper ores. To sit on brood, to ponder. [Poetic] Shak. Brood, a. 1. Sitting or inclined to sit on eggs. 2. Kept for breeding from; as, a brood mare; brood stock; having young; as, a brood sow. Brood (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Brooded (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brooding.] 1. To sit on and cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming them and hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen her chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit quitely, as if brooding. Birds of calm sir brooding on the charmed wave. Milton. 2. To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily on a subject; to think long and anxiously; to be in a state of gloomy, serious thought; Ð usually followed by over or on; as, to brood over misfortunes. Brooding on unprofitable gold. Dryden. Brooding over all these matters, the mother felt like one who has evoked a spirit. Hawthorne. When with downcast eyes we muse and brood. Tennyson.

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Brood (?), v.t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish; as, a hen broods her chickens. 2. To cherish with care. [R.] 3. To think anxiously or moodily upon. You'll sit and brood your sorrows on a throne. Dryden. Brood¶y (?), a. Inclined to brood. Ray. Brook (?), n. [OE. brok, broke, brook, AS. brÓc; akin to D. broek, LG. brÓk, marshy ground, OHG. pruoh, G. bruch marsh; prob. fr. the root of E. break, so as that it signifies water breaking through the earth, a spring or brook, as well as a marsh. See Break, v.t.] A natural stream of water smaller than a river or creek. The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water. Deut.viii.7. Empires itself, as doth an inland brook Into the main of waters. Shak. Brook, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brooked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brooking.] [OE. broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, digest, AS. br?can; akin to D. gebruiken to use, OHG. pr?hhan, G. brauchen, gebrauchen, Icel. br?ka, Goth. br?kjan, and L. frui, to enjoy. Cf. Fruit, Broker.] 1. To use; to enjoy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate; as, young men can not brook restraint. Spenser. Shall we, who could not brook one lord, Crouch to the wicked ten? Macaulay. 3. To deserve; to earn. [Obs.] Sir J.Hawkins. Brook¶ite (?), n. [Named from the English mineralogist, H.J.Brooke.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of titanic oxide, and hence identical with rutile and octahedrite in composition, but crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. Brook¶let (?), n. A small brook. Brook¶lime· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Veronica Beccabunga), with flowers, usually blue, in axillary racemes. The American species is V. Americana. [Formerly written broklempe or broklympe.] Brook¶ mint· (?). (Bot.) See Water mint. Brook¶side· (?), n. The bank of a brook. Brook¶weed· (?), n. (Bot.) A small whiteÐflowered herb (Samolus Valerandi) found usually in wet places; water pimpernel. Broom (?), n. [OE. brom, brome, AS. brÓm; akin to LG. bram, D. brem, OHG. br¾mo broom, thorn?bush, G. brombeere blackberry. Cf. Bramble, n.] 1. (Bot.) A plant having twigs suitable for makingÿbrooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the Cytisus scoparius of Western Europe, which is a low shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue leaves, and large yellow flowers. No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and broom. Wordsworth. 2. An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or attached to a long wooden handle; Ð so called because originally made of the twigs of the broom. Butcher's broom, a plant (Ruscus aculeatus) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks; Ð called also knee holly. See Cladophyll. Ð Dyer's broom, a species of mignonette (Reseda luteola), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's rocket. Ð Spanish broom. See under Spanish. Broom, v.t. (Naut.) See Bream. Broom¶ corn· (?). (Bot.) A variety of Sorghum vulgare, having a joined stem, like maize, rising to the height of eight or ten feet, and bearing its seeds on a panicle with long branches, of which brooms are made. Broom¶ rape· (?). (Bot.) A genus (Orobanche) of parasitic plants of Europe and Asia. They are destitute of chlorophyll, have scales instead of leaves, and spiked flowers, and grow attached to the roots of other plants, as furze, clover, flax, wild carrot, etc. The name is sometimes applied to other plants related to this genus, as Aphyllon uniflorumand A. Ludovicianum. Broom¶staff· (?), n. A broomstick. [Obs.] Shak. Broom¶stick· (?), n. A stick used as a handle of a broom. Broom¶y (?), a. Of or pertaining to broom; overgrowing with broom; resembling broom or a broom. If land grow mossy or broomy. Mortimer. Brose (?), n. [CF. Gael. brothas. Cf. Brewis, Broth.] Pottage made by pouring some boilingÿliquid on meal (esp. oatmeal), and stirring it. It is called beef brose, water brose, etc., according to the name of the liquid (beef broth, hot water, etc.) used. [Scot.] Brot¶el (?), a. Brittle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Brot¶elÏness, n. Brittleness. [Obs.] Chaucer. Broth (?), n. [AS. bro?; akin to OHG. brod, brot; cf. Ir. broth, Gael. brot. û93. Cf. Brewis, Brew.] Liquid in which flesh (and sometimes other substances, as barley or rice) has been boiled; thin or simple soup. I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love broth better than soup. Addison. Broth¶el (?), n. [OE. brothel, brodel, brethel, a prostitute, a worthless fellow, fr. AS. ber¢?an to ruin, destroy; cf. AS. bre¢tan to break, and E. brittle. The term brothel house was confused with bordel brothel. CF. Bordel.] A house of lewdness or ill fame; a house frequented by prostitutes; a bawdyhouse. Broth¶elÏer (?), n. One who frequents brothels. Broth¶elÏry (?), n. Lewdness; obscenity; a brothel. B.Jonson. Broth¶er (?), n.; pl. Brothers (?) or Brethren (?). See Brethren. [OE. brother, AS. brÓ?or; akin to OS. brothar, D. broeder, OHG. pruodar, G. bruder, Icel. brÓ?ir, Sw. & Dan. broder, Goth. brÓ?ar, Ir. brathair, W. brawd, pl. brodyr, Lith. brolis, Lett. brahlis, Russ. brat', Pol. & Serv. brat, OSlav. brat?, L. frater, Skr. bhr¾t?, Zend. bratar brother, Gr. ?, ?, a clansman. The common plural is Brothers; in the solemn style, Brethren, OE. pl. brether, bretheren, AS. dat. sing. brÇ?er, nom. pl. brÓ?or, brÓ?ru. û258. Cf. Frair, Fraternal.] 1. A male person who has the same father and mother with another person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case he is more definitely called a half brother, or brother of the half blood. Two of us in the churchyard lie, My sister and my brother. Wordsworth. 2. One related or closely united to another by some common tie or interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a society, toil, suffering, etc.; Ð used among judges, clergymen, monks, physicians, lawers, professors of religion, etc. ½A brother of your order.¸ Shak. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers, For he toÐday that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother. Shak. 3. One who, or that which, resembles another in distinctive qualities or traits of character. He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov.xviii.9. That April morn Of this the very brother. Wordsworth. µ In Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents, as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more general sense, brother or brethren is used for fellowÐmanÿor fellowÐmen. For of whom such massacre Make they but of their brethren, men of men? Milton. Brother Jonathan, a humorous designation for the people of the United States collectively. The phrase is said to have originated from Washington's referring to the patriotic Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, as ½Brother Jonathan.¸ Ð Blood brother. See under Blood. Broth¶er (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brothered (?).] To make a brother of; to call or treat as a brother; to admit to a brotherhood. Sir W.Scott. Broth¶er ger¶man (?). (Law) A brother by both the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, one by the mother only. Bouvier. Broth¶erÏhood (?), n. [Brother + Ïhood.] 1. The state of being brothers or a brother. 2. An association for any purpose, as a society of monks; a fraternity. 3. The whole body of persons engaged in the same business, Ð especially those of the same profession; as, the legal or medical brotherhood. 4. Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like kind. A brotherhood of venerable trees. Wordsworth. Syn. - Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality. Broth¶erÐinÐlaw· (?), n.; pl. BrothersÐinÏlaw (?). The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's sister. Broth¶erÏliÏness (?), n. The state or quality of being brotherly. Broth¶erÏly (?), a. Of or pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming to brothers; kind; affectionate; as, brotherly love. Syn. - Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender. Broth¶erÏly, adv. Like a brother; affectionately; kindly. ½I speak but brotherly of him.¸ Shak. Broud¶ed (?), p.a. Braided; broidered. [Obs.] Alle his clothes brouded up and down. Chaucer. Brough¶am (?), n. A light, close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and the fore wheels so arranged as to turn short. Brow (?), n. [OE. browe, bruwe, AS. br?; akin to AS. br?w, bre w, eyelid, OFries. brÇ, D. braauw, Icel. br¾, br?n, OHG. pr¾wa, G. braue, OSlav. br?v?, Russ. brove, Ir. brai, Ir. & Gael. abhra, Armor. abrant, Gr. ?, Skr. bhr?. Cf. Bray a bank, Bridge.] 1. The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it, forming an arch above the orbit. And his arched brow, pulled o'er his eyes, With solemn proof proclaims him wise. Churchill. 2. The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow. 'T is not your inky brows, your brack silk hair. Shak. 3. The forehead; as, a feverish brow. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shak. 4. The general air of the countenance. To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow. Milton. He told them with a masterly brow. Milton. 5. The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep place; as, the brow of a precipice; the brow of a hill. To bend the brow, To knit the brows, to frown; to scowl. Brow, v.t. To boundÿto limit; to be at, or form, the edge of. [R.] Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts That brow this bottom glade. Milton. Brow¶beat· (?), v.t. [imp. Browbeat; p.p. Browbeaten (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Browbeating.] To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words or looks; to bully; as, to browbeat witnesses. My grandfather was not a man to be browbeaten. W.Irving. Brow¶beat·ing, n. The act of bearing down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, suspercilious manners, or confident assertions. The imperious browbeating and scorn of great men. L'Estrange. Brow¶bound· (?), a. Crowned; having the head encircled as with a diadem. Shak. Browd¶yng (?), n. Embroidery. [Obs.] Of goldsmithrye, of browdying, and of steel. Chaucer. Browed (?), a. Having (such) a brow; Ð used in composition; as, darkÐbrowed, sternÐbrowed. Brow¶less (?), a. Without shame. L.Addison. Brown (?), a. [Compar. Browner (?); superl. Brownest.] [OE. brun, broun, AS. br?n; akin to D. bruin, OHG. br?n, Icel. br?nn, Sw. brun, Dan. bruun, G. braun, Lith. brunas, Skr. babhru. û93, 253. Cf. Bruin, Beaver, Burnish, Brunette.] Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow. Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. Longfellow. Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army. Ð Brown bread. (a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham bread. ½He would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic.¸ Shak. (b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.] Ð Brown coal, wood coal. See Lignite. Ð Brown hematitre or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See Limonite. Ð Brown holland. See under Holland. Ð Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached materials. Ð Brown sparÿ(Min.), a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part identical with ankerite. Ð Brown stone. See Brownstone. Ð Brown stout, a strong kind of proter or malt liquor. Ð Brown study, a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie. W.Irving. Brown, n. A dark color inclining to red or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue. Brown, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Browned (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Browning.] 1. To make brown or dusky. A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves, Browns the dim void and darkens deep the groves. Barlow. 2. To make brown by scorching slightly; as, to brown meat or flour. 3. To give a bright brown color to, as to gun barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface. Ure. Brown, v.i. To become brown. Brown¶back· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The dowitcher or redÐbreasted snipe. See Dowitcher. Brown¶ bill· (?). [Brown + bill cuttingÿtool.] A bill or halberd of the 16th and 17th centuries. See 4th Bill. Many time, but for a sallet, my brainp?n had been cleft with a brown bill. Shak. µ The black, or as it is sometimes called, the brown bill, was a kind of halberd, the cutting part hooked like a woodman's bill, from the back of which projected a spike, and another from the head. Grose. Brown¶iÏan (?), a. Pertaining to Dr. Robert Brown, who first demonstrated (about 1827) the commonness of the motion described below. Brownian movement, the peculiar, rapid, vibratory movement exhibited by the microscopic particles of substances when suspended in water or other fluids. Brown¶ie (?), n. [So called from its supposed tawny or swarthy color.] An imaginary goodÐnatured spirit, who was supposed often to perform important services around the house by night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping. [Scot.] Brown¶ing, n. 1. The act or operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels, etc. 2. (Masonry) A smooth coat of brown mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the finishing coat of plaster. Brown¶ish, a. Somewhat brown. Brown¶ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The views or teachings of Robert Brown of the Brownists. Milton. Brown¶ism, n. (Med.) The doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine. See Brunonian. Brown¶ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Robert Brown, of England, in the 16th century, who taught that every church is complete and independent in itself when organized, and consists of members meeting in one place, having full power to elect and depose its officers. Brown¶ist, n. (Med.) One who advocates the Brunonian system of medicine. Brown¶ness, n. The quality or state of being brown. Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair); Only in brownness beauty dwelleth there. Drayton. Brown¶stone· (?), n. A dark variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes. Brown¶ thrush¶ (?). (Zo”l.) A common American singing bird (Harporhynchus rufus), allied to the mocking bird; Ð also called brown thrasher. Brown¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) A species 9figwort or Scrophularia (S. vernalis), and otherÿspecies of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous coarse flowers. Brown¶y (?), a. Brownÿor, somewhat brown. ½Browny locks.¸ Shak. Brow¶post· (?), n. (Carp.) A beam that goes across a building. Browse (?), n. [OF. brost, broust, sprout, shoot, F. brout browse, browsewood, prob. fr. OHG. burst, G. borste, bristle; cf. also Armor. broustaÿto browse. See Bristle, n., Brush, n.] The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals; green food. Spenser. Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, On browse, and corn, and flowery meadows feed. Dryden. Browse, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Browsed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Browsing.] [For broust, OF. brouster, bruster, F. brouter. See Browse, n., and cf. Brut.] 1. To eat or nibble off, as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; Ð said of cattle, sheep, deer, and some other animals. Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets, The barks of trees thou browsedst. Shak. 2. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze. Fields ... browsed by deepÐuddered kine. Tennyson.

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Browse (?), v.i. 1. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees, as do cattle, sheep, and deer. 2. To pasture; to feed; to nibble. Shak. Brows¶er (?), n. An animal that browses. Browse¶wood· (?), n. Srubs and bushes upon which animals browse. Brows¶ing, n. Browse; also, a place abounding with shrubs where animals may browse. Browsings for the deer. Howell. Brow¶spot· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A rounded organ between the eyes of the frog; the interocular gland. ØBruÏang¶ (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The Malayan sun bear. Bru¶cine (?), n. [Cf. F. brucine, fr. James Bruce, a Scottish traveler.] (Chem.) A poweful vegetable alkaloid, found, associated with strychnine, in the seeds of different species of Strychnos, especially in the ux vomica. It is powerful than strychnine. Called also bruciaÿand brucina. Bru¶cite (?), n. [Named after Dr. A.Bruce of New York.] (Min.) (a) A white, pearly mineral, occurring thin and foliated, like talc, and also fibrous; a native magnesium hydrate. (b) The mineral chondrodite. [R.] Bruck¶eled (?), a. Wet and dirty; begrimed. [Obs. or Dial.] Herrick. ØBruh (?), n. (Zo”l.) [Native name.] The rhesus monkey. See Rhesus. Bru¶in (?), n. [D. bruin brown. In the epic poem of ½Reynard the Fox¸ the bear is so called from his color. See Brown, a.] A bear; Ð so called in popular tales and fables. Bruise (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bruised (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bruising.] [OE. brusen, brisen, brosen, bresen, AS. br?sanÿor fr. OF. bruiser, bruisier, bruser, to break, shiver, perh. from OHG. brochisÓn. Cf. Break, v.t.] 1. To injure, as by a blow or collision, without laceration; to contuse; as, to bruise one's finger with a hammer; to bruise the bark of a tree with a stone; to bruise an apple by letting it fall. 2. To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals, roots, etc.; to crush. Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs. Shak. Syn. - To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse. Bruise, v.i. To fight with the fists; to box. Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom. Thackeray. Bruise, n. An injury to the flesh of animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion; as, a bruise on the head; bruises on fruit. From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises. Isa.i.6. Bruis¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, bruises. 2. A boxer; a pugilist. R.Browning. Like a new bruiser on Broughtonic aand, Amid the lists our hero takes his stand. T.Warton. 3. A concave tool used in grinding lenses or the speculums of telescopes. Knight. Bruise¶wort· (?), n. A plant supposed to heal bruises, as the true daisy, the soapwort, and the comfrey. Bruit (?), n. [OE. bruit, brut, noise, bruit, F. bruit, fr. LL. brugitus; cf. L. rugireÿto roar; perh. influenced by the source of E. bray to make a harsh noise, Armor. brud bruit.] 1. Report; rumor; fame. The bruit thereof will bring you many friends. Shak. 2. [French pron. ?.] (Med.) An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard on auscultation. Bruit, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bruited; p.pr. & vb.n. Bruiting.] To report; to noise abroad. I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited. Shak. ØBru·maire¶ (?), n. [F., fr. L. bruma winter.] The second month of the calendar adopted by the first French republic. It began thirty days after the autumnal equinox. See Vendemiaire. Bru¶mal (?), a. [L. brumalis, fr. bruma winter: cf. F. brumal.] Of or pertaining to winter. ½The brumal solstice.¸ Sir T.Browne. Brume (?), n. [F. brume winter season, mist, L. bruma winter.] Mist; fog; vapors. ½The drifting brume.¸ Longfellow. Brum¶maÏgem (?), a. [Birmingham (formerly Bromwycham), Eng., ½the great mart and manufactory of gilt toys, cheap jewelry,¸ etc.] Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham. [Slang] ½These Brummagem gentry.¸ Lady D.Hardy. Bru¶mous (?), a. Foggy; misty. Brun (?), n. [See Broun a brook.] Same as Brun, a brook. [Scot.] BruÏnette¶ (?), n. [F. brunet, brunette, brownish, dim. of brun, brune, brown, fr. OHG. br?n. See Brown, a.] A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark complexion. Ð a. Having a dark tint. Brun¶ion (?), n. [F. brugnon (cf. It. brugna, prugna), fr. L. prunum. See Prune, n.] A nectarine. BruÏno¶niÏan (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Brown; Ð a term applied to a system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John Brown, of Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which was, that life is a state of excitation produced by the normal action of external agents upon the body, and that disease consists in excess or deficiency of excitation. Bruns¶wick black· (?). See Japan black. Bruns¶wick green· (?). [G. Braunschweiger grn, first made at Brunswick, in Germany.] An oxychloride 9copper, used as a green pigment; also, a carbonate of copper similarly employed. Brunt (?), n. [OE. brunt, bront, fr. Icel. brunaÿto rush; cf. Icel. brennaÿto burn. Cf. Burn, v.t.] 1. The heat, or utmost violence, of an onset; the strength or greatest fury of any contention; as, the brunt of a battle. 2. The force of a blow; shock; collision. ½And heavy brunt of cannon ball.¸ Hudibras. It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first brunt with some real affair of common life. I.Taylor. Brush (?), n. [OE. brusche, OF. broche, broce, brosse, brushwood, F. brosseÿbrush, LL. brustia, bruscia, fr. OHG. brusta, brust, bristle, G. borste bristle, brste brush. See Bristle, n., and cf. Browse.] 1. An instrument composed of bristles, or other like material, set in a suitable back or handle, as of wood, bone, or ivory, and used for various purposes, as in removing dust from clothes, laying on colors, etc. Brushes have different shapes and names according to their use; as, clothes brush, paint brush, tooth brush, etc. 2. The bushy tail of a fox. 3. (Zo”l.) A tuft of hair on the mandibles. 4. Branchesÿof trees lopped off; brushwood. 5. A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs and small trees in a wood; underbrush. 6. (Elec.) A bundle of flexible wires or thin plates of metal, used to conduct an electrical currentÿto or from the commutator of a dynamo, electric motor, or similar apparatus. 7. The act of brushing; as, to give one's clothes a brush; a rubbing or grazing with a quick motion; a light touch; as, we got a brush from the wheel as it passed. [As leaves] have with one winter's brush Fell from their boughts. Shak. 8. A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or collision; as, to have a brush with an enemy. Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong, And tempt not yet the brushes of the war. Shak. 9. A shoer contest, or trial, of speed. Let us enjoy a brush across the country. Cornhill Mag. Electrical brush, a form of the electric discharge characterized by a brushlike appearance of luminous rays diverging from an electrified body. Brush, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brushed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brushing.] [OE. bruschen; cf. F. brosser. See Brush, n.] 1. To apply a brush to, according to its particular use; to rub, smooth, clean, paint, etc., with a brush. ½A' brushes his hat o' mornings.¸ Shak. 2. To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as with a brush. Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep The waters smooth, and brush the buxom wave. Fairfax. Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings. Milton. 3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; Ð commonly with off. As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed With raven's feather from unwholesome fen. Shak. And from the boughts brush off the evil dew. Milton. To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as with a brush. Ð To brush away, to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion. Ð To brush up, to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or improve; to renew. You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best to brush you up like your neighbors. Pope. Brush, v.i. To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to brush by. Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the wind. Goldsmith. Brush¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, brushes. Brush¶iÏness (?), n. The quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition; shagginess. Dr. H.More. Brush¶ing, a. 1. Constructed or used to brush with; as a brushing machine. 2. Brisk; light; as, a brushing gallop. Brush¶ite (?), n. [From George J.Brush, an American mineralogist.] (Min.) A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium. Brush¶ tur·key (?). (Zo”l.) A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia (Talegalla Lathami) of the family Megapodid‘. Also applied to several allied species of New Guinea. µ The brush turkeys live in the ½brush,¸ and construct a common nest by collecting a large heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel) deposited in it by the females of the flock. Brush¶ wheel· (?). 1. A wheel without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the circumference. 2. A circular revolving brush used by turners, lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing. Brush¶wood (?), n. 1. Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs. 2. Small branches of trees cut off. Brush¶y, a. Resembling a brush; shaggy; rough. Brusk (?), a. Same as Brusque. Brusque (?), a. [F. brusque, from It. bruscoÿbrusque, tart, sour, perh. fr. L. (vitis) labrusca wild (vine); or cf. OHG. bruttisc grim, fr. brutti terror.] Rough and prompt in manner; blunt; abrupt; hluff; as, a brusque man; a brusque style. Brusque¶ness, n. Quality of beingÿbrusque; roughness joined with promptness; blutness. Brit. Quar. Brus¶sels (?), n. A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace, etc. Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the pattern. Ð Brussels ground, a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme finenessÿof the threads. Ð Brussels lace, an expensive kind of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as, Brussels point, Brussels ground, Brussels wire ground. Ð Brussels net, an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery. Ð Brussels point. See Point lace. Ð Brussels sproutsÿ(Bot.), a plant of the Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green heads, or ½sprouts,¸ each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousandÐheaded cabbage. Ð Brussels wire ground, a ground for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly arched. Brus¶tle (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Brustled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brustling (?).] [OE. brustlien and brastlien, AS. brastlian, fr. berstan to burst, akin to G. prasselnÿto crackle. See Burst, v.i.] 1. To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To make a show of firecenessÿor defiance; to bristle. [Obs.] To brustle up, to bristle up. [Obs.] Otway. Brus¶tle, n. A bristle. [Obs. or Prov.] Chaucer. Brut (?), v.i. [F. brouter, OF. brouster. See Browse, n.] To browse. [Obs.] Evelyn. Brut, n. (Zo”l.) See Birt. ØBru¶ta (?), n. [NL., neuter pl., fr. L. brutus heavy, stupid.] (Zo”l.) See Edentata. Bru¶tal (?), a. [Cf. F. brutal. See Brute, a.] 1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as, brutal nature. ½Above the rest of brutal kind.¸ Milton. 2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling; merciless; gross; as, brutal manners. ½Brutal intemperance.¸ Macaulay. Bru¶talÏism (?), n. Brutish quality; brutality. BruÏtal¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Brutalities (?). [Cf. F. brutalit‚.] 1. The quality of beingÿbrutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness. 2. An inhuman act. The ... brutalities exercised in war. Brougham. Bru·talÏiÏza¶tion (?), n. The act or processÿof making brutal; state of being brutalized. Bru¶talÏize (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brutalized (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brutalizing.] [Cf. F. brutaliser.] To make brutal; beasty; unfeeling; or inhuman. Bru¶talÏize, v.i. To become brutal, inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty. [R.] He mixed ... with his countrymen, brutalized with them in their habits and manners. Addison. Bru¶talÏly, adv. In a brutal manner; cruelly. Brute (?), a. [F. brut, nasc., brute, fem., raw, rough, rude, brutish, L. brutus stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp. bruto.] 1. Not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or volition; as, the brute earth; the brute powers of nature. 2. Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking; as, a brute beast; the brute creation. A creature ... not prone And brute as other creatures, but endued With sanctity of reason. Milton. 3. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute beast. Hence: Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless; as, brute violence. Macaulay. The influence of capital and mere brute labor. Playfair. 4. Having the physical powers predominating over the mental; coarse; unpolished; unintelligent. A great brute farmer from Liddesdale. Sir W.Scott. 5. Rough; uncivilized; unfeeling. [R.] Brute, n. 1. An animal destitute of human reason; any animal not human; esp. a quadruped; a beast. Brutes may be considered as either a‰ral, terrestrial, aquatic, or amphibious. Locke. 2. A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners; as unfeeling or coarse person. An illÐnatured brute of a husband. Franklin. Syn. - See Beast. Brute, v.t. [For bruit.] To report; to bruit. [Obs.] Brute¶ly, adv. In a rude or violent manner. Brute¶ness, n. 1. Brutality. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. Insensibility. ½The bruteness of nature.¸ Emerson. Bru¶tiÏfy (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brutified (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Brutifying.] [Brute + Ïfy: cf. F. brutifier.] To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to brutalize. Any man not quite brutified and void of sense. Barrow. Bru¶tish (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent. O, let all provocation Take every brutish shape it can devise. Leigh Hunt. Man may ... render himself brutish, but it is in vain that he would seek to take the rank and density of the brute. I.Taylor. Syn. - Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel; brutal; barbarous; inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual; bestial. Ð Bru¶tishÏly, adv. Ð Bru¶tishÏness, n. Bru¶tism (?), n. The nature or characteristic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme stupidity, or beastly vulgarity. Bru¶ting (?), n. Browsing. [Obs.] Evelyn. BryÏoÏlog¶iÏcal (?), a. Relating to bryology; as, bryological studies. BryÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in bryology. BryÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? moss + Ïlogy.] That part of botany which relates to mosses. Bry¶oÏnin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter principle obtained from the root of the bryony (Bryonia alba and B. dioica). It is a white, or slightly colored, substance, and is emetic and cathartic.

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Bry¶oÏny (?), n. [L. bryonia, Gr. ?, fr. ? to swell, esp. of plants.] (Bot.) The commonname of several cucurbitaceous plants of the genus Bryonia. The root of B. alba (rough or white bryony) and of B. dioica is a strong, irritating cathartic. Black bryony, a plant (Tamus communis) so named from its dark glossy leaves and black root; black bindweed. ØBryÏoph¶yÏta (?), n. pl. See Cryptogamia. ØBry·oÏzo¶a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? moss + ? animal.] (Zo”l.) A class of Molluscoidea, including minute animals which by budding form compound colonies; Ð called also Polyzoa. µ They are often coralike in form and appearance, each small cell containing an individual zooid. Other species grow in delicate, flexible, branched forms, resembling moss, whence the name. Some are found in fresh water, but most are marine. The three principal divisions are Ectoprocta, Entoprocta, and Pterobranchia. See Cyclostoma, Chilostoma, and Phylactolema. Bry·oÏzo¶an (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Bryozoa. Ð n. One of the Bryozoa. ØBry·oÏzo¶um (?), n. [NL. See Bryozoa.] (Zo”l.) An individual zooid of a bryozoan coralline, of which there may be two or more kinds in a single colony. The zoÒcia usually have a wreath of tentacles around the mouth, and a well developed stomach and intestinal canal; but these parts are lacking in the otherzooids (Avicularia, OÒcia, etc.). ØBu·anÏsu¶ah (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The wild dog of northern India (Cuon prim‘vus), supposed by some to be an ancestral species of the domsetic dog. ØBu¶at (?), n. [Scot., of uncertain origin.] A lantern; also, the moon. [Scot.] Sir W.Scott. Bub (?), n. Strong malt liquor. [Cant] Prior. Bub, n. [Cf. 2d Bubby.] A young brother; a little boy; Ð a familiar term of address of a small boy. Bub, v.t. [Abbrev. from Bubble.] To throw out in bubbles; to bubble. [Obs.] Sackville. Bu¶baÏle (?), n. [Cf. F. bubale. See Buffalo, n.] (Zo”l.) A large antelope (Alcelaphus bubalis) of Egypt and the Desert of Sahara, supposed by some to be the fallow deer of the Bible. Bu¶baÏline (?), a. (Zo”l.) Resembling a buffalo. Bubaline antelope (Zo”l.), the bubale. Bub¶ble (?), n. [Cf. D. bobbel, Dan. boble, Sw. bubbla. Cf. Blob, n.] 1. A thin film of liquid inflated with air or gas; as, a soap bubble; bubbles on the surface of a river. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow, Like bubbles in a late disturbed stream. Shak. 2. A small quantity of air or gas within a liquid body; as, bubbles risingÿin champagne or a‰rated waters. 3. A globule of air, or globular vacuum, in a transparent solid; as, bubbles in window glass, or in a lens. 4. A small, hollow, floating bead or globe, formerly used for testing the strength of spirits. 5. The globule of air in the spirit tube of a level. 6. Anything that wants firmnessÿor solidity; that which is more specious than real; a false show; a cheat or fraud; a delusive scheme; an empty project; a dishonest speculation; as, the South Sea bubble. Then a soldier ... Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon's mouth. Shak. 7. A person deceived by an empty project; a gull. [Obs.] ½Ganny's a cheat, and I'm a bubble.¸ Prior. Bub¶ble, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bubbled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bubbling (?).] [Cf. D. bobbelen, Dan. boble.ÿSee Bubble, n.] 1. To rise in bubbles, as liquids when boiling or agitated; to contain bubbles. The milk that bubbled in the pail. Tennyson. 2. To run with a gurdling noise, as if forming bubbles; as, a bubbling stream. Pope. 3. To sing with a gurgling or warbling sound. At mine ear Bubbled the nightingale and heeded not. Tennyson. Bub¶bler, v.t. To cheat; to deceive. She has bubbled him out of his youth. Addison. The great Locke, who was seldom outwitted by false sounds, was nevertheless bubbled here. Sterne. Bub¶bler (?), n. 1. One who cheats. All the Jews, jobbers, bubblers, subscribers, projectors, etc. Pope. 2. (Zo”l.) A fish of the Ohio river; Ð so called from the noise it makes. Bub¶ble shell· (?). (Zo”l.) A marine univalve shell of the genus Bulla and allied genera, belonging to the Tectibranchiata. Bub¶bling Jock· (?) (Zo”l.) The male wild turkey, the gobbler; Ð so called in allusion to its notes. Bub¶bly (?), a. Abounding in bubbles; bubbling. Nash. Bub¶by (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. bbbi, or It. poppa, Pr. popa, OF. poupe, a woman's breast.] A woman's breast. [Low] Bub¶by, n. [A corruption of brother.] Bub; Ð a term of familiar or affectionate address to a small boy. Bu¶bo (?), n.; pl. Buboes (?). [LL. buboÿthe groin, a swelling in the groin, Gr. ?.] (Med.) An inflammation, with enlargement, of a limphatic gland, esp. in the groin, as in syphilis. BuÏbon¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a bubo or buboes; characterized by buboes. BuÏbon¶oÏcele (?), n. [Gr. ? groin + ? tumor: cf. F. bubonocŠle.] (Med.) An inguinal hernia; esp. that incomplete variety in which the hernial pouch descends only as far as the groin, forming a swelling there like a bubo. Bu¶buÏkle (?), n. A red pimple. [R.] Shak. Buc¶cal (?), a. [L. bucca cheek: cf. F. buccal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the mouth or cheeks. Buc·caÏneer¶ (?), n. [F. boucanier, fr. boucanerÿto smoke or broil meat and fish, to hunt wild beasts for their skins, boucan a smoking placeÿfor meat or fish, gridiron for smoking: a word of American origin.] A robber upon the sea; a pirate; Ð a term applied especially to the piratical adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in the 17th and 18th centuries. [Written also bucanier.] µ Primarily, one who dries and smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the French settlers in Hayti or Hispaniola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine. Buc·caÏneer¶, v.i. To act the part of a buccaneer; to live as a piratical adventurer or sea robber. Buc·caÏneer¶ish, a. Like a buccaneer; piratical. Buc¶ciÏnal (?), a. [L. bucina a crooked horn or trumpet.] Shaped or sounding like a trumpet; trumpetlike. ØBuc·ciÏna¶tor (?), n. [L., a trumpeter, fr. bucinare to sound the trumpet.] (Anat.) A muscle of the cheek; Ð so called from its use in blowing wind instruments. Buc¶ciÏnoid (?), a. [Buccinum + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) Resembling the genus Buccinum, or pertaining to the Buccinid‘, a family of marine univalve shells. See Whelk, and Prosobranchiata. ØBuc¶ciÏnum (?), n. [L., a trumpet, a trumpet shell.] (Zo”l.) A genus of large univalve mollusks abundant in the arctic seas. It includes the common whelk (B. undatum). BuÏcen¶taur (?), n. [Gr. ?; ox + ? centaur.] 1. A fabulous monster, half ox, half man. 2. [It. bucentoro.] The state barge of Venice, used by the doge in the ceremony of espousing the Adriatic. ØBu¶ceÏros (?), n. [Gr. ? horned like an ox; ? ox + ? horn.] (Zo”l.) A genus of large perching birds; the hornbills. Buch¶olÏzite (?), n. [So called from Bucholz, a German chemist.] (Min.) Same as Fibrolite. Bu¶chu (?), n. (Bot.) A South African shrub (Barosma) with small leaves that are dotted with oil dlands; also, the leaves themselves, which are used in medicine for diseases of the urinary organs, etc. Several species furnish the leaves. Buck (?), n. [Akin to LG. bke, Dan. byg, Sw. byk, G. bauche: cf. It. bucato, Prov. Sp. bugada, F. bu‚e.] 1. Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of bleaching, or in which clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed. [Obs.] Shak. Buck, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bucked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bucking.] [OE. bouken; akin to LG. bken, Dan. byge, Sw. byka, G. bauchen, beuchen; cf. OF. buer. Cf. the preceding noun.] 1. To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; Ð a process in bleaching. 2. TO wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating them on stones in running water. 3. (Mining) To break up or pulverize, as ores. Buck, n. [OE. buk, bucke, AS. bucca, bua, heÐgoat; akin to D. bok, OHG. pocch, G. bock, Ir. boc, W. bwch, Corn. byk; cf. Zend b?za, Skr. bukka. û256. Cf. Butcher, n.] 1. The male of deer, especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of goats, sheep, hares, and rabbits. µ A male fallow deer is called a fawn in his first year; a pricket in his second; a sorel in his third; a sore in his fourth; a buck of the first head in his fifth; and a great buck in his sixth. The female of the fallow deer is termed a doe. The male of the red deer is termed a stag or hart and not a buck, and the female is called a hind. Brande & C. 2. A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a dandy. The leading bucks of the day. Thackeray. 3. A male Indian or negro. [Colloq. U.S.] µ The word buck is much used in composition for the names of antelopes; as, bush buck, spring buck. Blue buck. See under Blue. Ð Water buck, a South African variety of antelope (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). See Illust. of Antelope. Buck (?), v.i. 1. To copulate, as bucks and does. 2. To springÿwith quick plunging leaps, descending with the fore legs rigid and the head held as low down as possible; Ð said of a vicious horse or mule. Buck, v.t. 1. (Mil.) To subjectÿto a mode of punishment which consists in tyingÿthe wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees. 2. To throw by bucking. See Buck, v.i., 2. The brute that he was riding had nearly bucked him out of the saddle. W.E.Norris. Buck, n. A frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck. Buck saw, a saw set in a frame and used for sawing wood on a sawhorse. Buck, n. [See Beech, n.] The beech tree. [Scot.] Buck mast, the mast or fruit of the beech tree. Johnson. Buck¶Ðbas·ket (?), n. [See 1st Buck.] A basket in which clothes are carried to the wash. Shak. Buck¶ bean· (?). (Bot.) A plant (Menyanthes trifoliata) which grows in moist and boggy places, having racems of white or reddish flowers and intensely bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine; marsh trefoil; Ð called also bog bean. Buck¶board· (?), n. A fourÐwheeled vehicle, having a long elastic board or frame resting on the bolsters or axletrees, and a seat or seats placed transversely upon it; Ð called also buck wagon. Buck¶er (?), n. (Mining) 1. One who bucks ore. 2. A broadÐheaded hammer used in bucking ore. Buck¶er, n. A horse or mule that bucks. Buck¶et (?), n. [OE. boket; cf. AS. buc pitcher, or Corn. buket tub.] 1. A vessel for drawing up water from a well, or for catching, holding, or carrying water, sap, or other liquids. The old oaken bucket, the ironÐbound bucket, The mossÐcovered bucket, which hung in the well. Wordsworth. 2. A vessel (as a tub or scoop) for hoisting and conveying coal, ore, grain, etc. 3. (Mach.) One of the receptacles on the rim of a water wheel into which the water rushes, causing the wheel to revolve; also, a float of a paddle wheel. 4. The valved piston of a lifting pump. Fire bucket, a bucket for carrying water to put out fires. Ð To kick the bucket, to die. [Low] Buck¶et shop· (?). An office or a place where facilities are given for betting small sums on current prices of stocks, petroleum, etc. [Slang, U.S.] Buck¶etÏy (?), n. [A corruption of buckwheat.] Paste used by weavers to dress their webs. Buchanan. Buck¶eye· (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A name given to several American trees and shrubs of the same genus (’sculus) as the horse chestnut. The Ohio buckeye, or Fetid buckeye, is ’sculus glabra. Ð Red buckeye is ’. Pavia. Ð Small buckeye is ’. paviflora. Ð Sweet buckeye, or Yellow buckeye, is ’. flava. 2. A cant name for a native in Ohio. [U.S.] Buckeye State, Ohio; Ð so called because buckeye trees abound there. Buck¶Ðeyed· (?), a. Having bad or speckled eyes. ½A buckÐeyed horse.¸ James White. Buck¶hound· (?), n. A hound for hunting deer. Master of the buckhounds, an officer in the royal house hold. [Eng.] Buck¶ie (?), n. (Zo”l.) A large spiral marine shell, esp. the common whelk. See Buccinum. [Scot.] Deil's buckie, a perverse, refractory youngster. [Slang] Buck¶ing, n. 1. The act or process of soaking or boiling cloth in an alkaline liquid in the operation of bleaching; also, the liquid used. Tomlinson. 2. A washing. 3. The processÿof breaking up or pulverizing ores. Bucking iron (Mining), a broadÐfaced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores. Ð Bucking kier (Manuf.), a large circular boiler, or kier, used in bleaching. Ð Bucking stool, a washing block. Buck¶ish, a. Dandified; foppish. Buc¶kle (?), n. [OE. bocleÿbuckle, boss of a shield, OF. bocle, F. boucle, boss of a shield, ring, fr. L. buccula a little cheek or mouth, dim. of bucca cheek; this boss or knob resembling a cheek.] 1. A device, usually of metal, consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches, used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness, by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the tongue. 2. A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw blade or a plate of sheet metal. Knight. 3. A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl formerly worn; also, the state of being curled. Earlocks in tight buckles on each side of a lantern face. W.Irving. Lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half year. Addison. 4. A contorted expression, as of the face. [R.] 'Gainst nature armed by gravity, His features too in buckle see. Churchill. Buc¶kle (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buckled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buckling.] [OE. boclen, F. boucler. See Buckle, n.] 1. To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles; as, to buckle a harness. 2. To bend; to cause to kink, or to become distorted. 3. To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and earnestness; Ð generally used reflexively<-- buckle down -->. Cartwright buckled himself to the employment. Fuller. 4. To join in marriage. [Scot.] Sir W.Scott.

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Buc¶kle (?), v.i. 1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink. Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys. 2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall. 3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.] The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys. 4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to struggle; to contend. The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as he was with him. Latimer. In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak. To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with zeal. To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow. Before buckling to my winter's work. J.D.Forbes. Buc¶kler (?), n. [OE. bocler, OF. bocler, F. bouclier, a shield with a boss, from OF. bocle, boucle, boss. See Buckle, n.] 1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body. µ In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes. (b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites. 3. (Naut.) A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a halfÐport, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches. Blind bucklerÿ(Naut.), a solid buckler. Ð Buckler mustardÿ(Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields. Ð Buckler thorn, a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See Christ's thorn. Ð Riding bucklerÿ(Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable. Buc¶kler, v.t. To shield; to defend. [Obs.] Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree? Shak. Buc¶klerÐhead·ed (?), a. Having a head like a buckler. Buc¶kling (?), a. Wavy; curling, as hair. Latham. Buck¶ra (?), n. [In the languageÿof the Calabar coast, buckra means ½demon, a powerful and superior being.¸ J.L.Wilson.] A white man; Ð a term used by negroes of the African coast, West Indies, etc. Buck¶ra, a. White; white man's; strong; good; as, buckra yam, a white yam. Buck¶ram (?), n. [OE. bokeram, bougeren, OF. boqueran, F. bougran, MHG. buckeram, LL. buchiranus, boquerannus, fr. MHG. boc, G. bock, goat (as being made of goat's hair), or fr. F. bouracan, by transposing the letter r. See Buck, Barracan.] 1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise. µ Buckram was formerly a very different material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearingÿapparel, etc. Beck (Draper's Dict.). 2. (Bot.) A plant. See Ramson. Dr. Prior. Buck¶ram, a. 1. Made of buckram; as, a buckram suit. 2. Stiff; precise. ½Buckram dames.¸ Brooke. Buck¶ram, v.t. To strengthen with buckram; to make stiff. Cowper. Buck's¶Ðhorn· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn (Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia coronopifolia. Buck¶shot· (?), n. A coarse leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and large game. Buck¶skin· (?), n. 1. The skin of a buck. 2. A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or grayish in color, made of deerskin. 3. A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an American soldier of the Revolutionary war. Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought, An' did the buckskins claw, man. Burns. 4. pl. Breeches made of buckskin. I have alluded to his buckskin. Thackeray. Buck¶stall· (?), n. A toil or net to take deer. Buck¶thorn· (?), n. (Bot.) A genus (Rhamnus) of shrubs or trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long spines or thorns. See Rhamnus. Sea buckthorn, a plant of the genus Hippopha‰. Buck¶tooth· (?), n. Any tooth that juts out. When he laughed, two white buckteeth protruded. Thackeray. Buck¶wheat· (?), n. [Buck a beech tree + wheat; akin to D. boekweit, G. buchweizen.] 1. (Bot.) A plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for food. 2. The triangular seed used, when ground, for griddle cakes, etc. BuÏcol¶ic (?), a. [L. bucolicus, Gr. ?, fr. ? cowherd, herdsman; ? ox + (perh.) ? race horse; cf. Skr. kalÿto drive: cf. F. bucolique. See Cow the animal.] Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd; pastoral; rustic. BuÏcol¶ic, n. [L. Bucolic“n po‰ma.] A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil. Dryden. BuÏcol¶icÏal (?), a. Bucolic. ØBuÏcra¶niÏum (?), n.; pl. L. Bucrania (?). [L., fr. Gr. ? ox head.] A sculptured ornament, representing an ox skull adorned with wreaths, etc. Bud (?), n. [OE. budde; cf. D. bot, G. butze, butz, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. butte in hagebutte, hainbutte, a hip of the dogÐrose, or OF. boton, F. bouton, bud, button, OF. boter to bud, push; all akin to E. beat. See Button.] 1. (Bot.) A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branchÿor flower. 2. (Biol.) A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra. Bud moth (Zo”l.), a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellanaÿand Eccopsis malana on the apple tree. Bud, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Budded; p.pr. & vb.n. Budding.] 1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot. 2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn. 3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness,ÿor growth and promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak. Syn. - To sprout; germinate; blossom. Bud, v.t. To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear. The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm. Dict. Bud¶dha (?), n. [Skr. buddha wise, sage, fr. budhÿto know.] The title of an incarnation of selfÐabnegation, virtue, and wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism. Bud¶dhism (?), n. The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, ½the awakened or enlightened,¸ in the sixth century b.c., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, Nirvƒna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000. Bud¶dhist (?), n. One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism. Bud¶dhist, a. Of or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists. BudÏdhis¶tic (?), a. Same as Buddhist, a. Bud¶ding (?), n. 1. The act or process of producing buds. 2. (Biol.) A processÿof asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea. 3. The act or processÿof ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark. Bud¶dle (?), n. [Prov. E., to cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G. buttelnÿto shake.] (Mining) An apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of rynning water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable portions. Bud¶dle, v.i. (Mining) To wash ore in a buddle. Bude¶ burn·er (?). [See Bude light.] A burner consisting of two or more concentric Argand burnes (the inner rising aboveÿthe outer) and a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is supplied. Bude¶ light· (?). [From Bude, in Cornwall, the residence of Sir G.Gurney, the inventor.] A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil. Budge (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Budged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Budging.] [F. bouger to stir, move (akin to Pr. bojar, bolegar, to stir, move, It. bulicare to boil, bubble), fr. L. bullire. See Boil, v.i.] To move off; to stir; to walk away. I'll not budge an inch, boy. Shak. The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did budge From rascals worse than they. Shak. Budge, a. [See Budge, v.] Brisk; stirring; jocund. [Obs.] South. Budge, n. [OE. bouge bag, OF. boge, bouge, fr. L. bulga a leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr. bolc, Gael. bolg. Cf. Budge, n.] A kind of fur prepared from lambskin dressed with the wool on; Ð used formerly as an edging and ornament, esp. of scholastic habits. Budge, a. 1. Lined with budge; hence, scholastic. ½Budge gowns.¸ Milton. 2. Austere or stiff, like scholastics. Those budge doctors of the stoic fur. Milton. Budge bachelor, one of a company of men clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession. Ð Budge barrel (Mil.), a small copperÐhooped barrel with only one head, the other end being closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn togetherÿwith strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service. Budge¶ness (?), n. Sternness; severity. [Obs.] A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for budgeness. Stanyhurst. Budg¶er (?), n. One who budges. Shak. Øbudg¶eÏrow (?), n. [Hindi bajr¾.] A large and commodious, but generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the Ganges. Budg¶et (?), n. [OE. bogett, bouget, F. bougette bag, wallet, dim. of OF. boge, bouge, leather bag. See Budge, n., and cf. Bouget.] 1. A bag or sack with its contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; as, a budget of inventions. 2. The annual financial statement which the British chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is sometimes applied to a similar statement in other countries. To open the budget, to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the executive government. Budg¶y, a. [From Budge, n.] Consisting of fur. [Obs.] Bud¶let (?), n. [Bud + Ïlet.] A little bud springing from a parent bud. We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another,ÿor the parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring. E.Darwin. Buff (?), n. [OE. buff, buffe, buff, buffalo, F. buffleÿbuffalo. See Buffalo.] 1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. ½A suit of buff.¸ Shak. 2. The color to buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown. A visage rough, Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden. 3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak. 4. (Med.)ÿThe grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under Buffy, a. 5. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc. 6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.] To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright. Buff, a. 1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith. 2. Of the color of buff. Buff coat, a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. Ð Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares. Ð Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing. Buff, v.t. To polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5. Buff, v.t. [OF. bufer to cuff, buffet. See Buffet a blow.] To strike. [Obs.] B.Jonson. Buff, n. [See Buffet.] A buffet; a blow; Ð obsolete except in the phrase ½Blindman's buff.¸ Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent That made him reel. Spenser. Buff, a. [Of uncertain etymol.] Firm; sturdy. And for the good old cause stood buff, 'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras. ØBuf¶fa (?), n.fem. (Mus.) [It. See Buffoon.] The comic actress in an opera. Ð a. Comic, farcical. Aria buffa, a droll or comic air. Ð Opera buffa, a comic opera. See Opera bouffe. Buf¶faÏlo (?), n.; pl. Buffaloes (?). [Sp. bufalo (cf. It. bufalo, F. buffle), fr. L. bubalus, bufalus, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. ? buffalo, prob. fr. ? ox. See Cow the animal, and cf. Buff the color, and Bubale.] 1. (Zo”l.) A species of the genus Bos or Bubalus (B. bubalus), originallyÿfrom India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers. 2. (Zo”l.) A very large and savage species of the same genus (B. Caffer) found in South Africa; Ð called also Cape buffalo. 3. (Zo”l.) Any speciesÿof wild ox. 4. (Zo”l.) The bison of North America. 5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe, below. 6. (Zo”l.) The buffalo fish. See Buffalo fish, below. Buffalo berryÿ(Bot.), a shrub of the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid edible red berries. Ð Buffalo bird (Zo”l.), an African bird of the genus Buphaga, of two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites. Ð Buffalo bug, the carpet beetle. See under Carpet. Ð Buffalo chips, dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel. [U.S.] Ð Buffalo cloverÿ(Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium reflexum and T.soloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the American bison. Ð Buffalo cod (Zo”l.), a large, edible, marine fish (Ophiodon elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; Ð called also blue cod, and cultus cod. Ð Buffalo fish (Zo”l.), one of several large freshÐwater fishes of the family Catostomid‘, of the Mississippi valley. The redÐmouthed or brown (Ictiobus bubalus), the bigÐmouthed or black (Bubalichthys urus), and the smallÐmouthed (B. altus), are among the more important species used as food. Ð Buffalo fly, or Buffalo gnat (Zo”l.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with similar habits. Ð Buffalo grassÿ(Bot.), a species of short, sweet grass (Buchlo‰ dactyloides), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed. [U.S.] Ð Buffalo nut (Bot.), the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (Pyrularia oleifera); also, the shrub itself; oilnut. Ð Buffalo robe, the skin of the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; Ð much used as a lap robe in sleighs.

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Buf¶fel duck (?). [See Buffalo.] (Zo”l.) A small duck (Charitonetta albeola); the spirit duck, or butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous elongated feathers, and thus appears large. Called also bufflehead. Buff¶er (?), n. [Prop a striker. See Buffet a blow.] 1. (Mech.) (a) An elastic apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by the collision of bodies; as, a buffer at the end of a railroad car. (b) A pad or cushion forming the end of a fender, which recieves the blow; Ð sometimes called buffing apparatus. 2. One who polishes with a buff. 3. A wheel for buffing; a buff. 4. A goodÐhumored, slowÐwitted fellow; Ð usually said of an elderly man. [Colloq.] Dickens. Buff¶erÏhead· (?), n. The head of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in railroad carriages. BufÏfet¶ (?), n. [F. buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the root meaningÿto puff, hence (cf. puffed up) the idea of ostentation or display.] 1. A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard. Not when a gilt buffet's reflected pride Turns you from sound philosophy aside. Pope. 2. A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a railroad station, or place of public gathering. Buf¶fet (?), n. [OE. buffet, boffet, OF. buffet a slap in the face, a pair of bellows, fr. buffe blow, cf. F. bouffer to blow, puff; prob. akin to E. puff. For the meaning slap, blow, cf. F. soufflet a slap, souffler to blow. See Puff, v.i., and cf. Buffet sidebroad, Buffoon] 1. A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a cuff. When on his cheek a buffet fell. Sir W.Scott. 2. A blow from any source, or that which affects like a blow, as the violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an adverse action; an affliction; a trial; adversity. Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay. Burke. Fortune's buffets and rewards. Shak. 3. A small stool; a stool for a buffet or counter. Go fetch us a light buffet. Townely Myst. Buf¶fet, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buffeted; p.pr. & vb.n. Buffeting.] [OE. buffeten, OF. buffeter. See the preceding noun.] 1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat; to cuff; to slap. They spit in his face and buffeted him. Matt.xxvi.67. 2. To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or contend against; as, to buffet the billows. The sudden hurricane in thunder roars, Buffets the bark, and whirls it from the shores. Broome. You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own, instead of being buffeted about the world. W.Black. 3. [Cf. Buffer.] To deaden the sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper. Buf¶fet, v.i. 1. To exercise or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to contend. If I might buffet for my love, or bound my horse for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher. Shak. 2. To make one's way by blows or struggling. Strove to buffet to land in vain. Tennyson. Buf¶fetÏer (?), n. One who buffets; a boxer. Jonson. Buf¶fetÏing, n. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves; afflictions; adversity. He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but ... fitted to endure the buffeting on the rudest storm. Wirt. Buf¶fin (?), n. [So called from resembling buff ?eather.] A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns. [Obs.] Buff¶ing ap·paÏra¶tus (?). See Buffer, 1. Buf¶fle (?), n. [OE., from F. buffle. See Buffalo.] The buffalo. [Obs.] Sir T.Herbert. Buf¶fle, v.i. To puzzle; to be at a loss. [Obs.] Swift. Buf¶fleÏhead· (?), n. [Buffle + head.] 1. One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow. [Obs.] What makes you stare so, bufflehead? Plautus (trans. 1694). 2. (Zo”l.) The buffel duck. See Buffel duck. Buf¶fleÐhead·ed, a. Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering. [Obs.] So fell this buffleÐheaded giant. Gayton. ØBuf¶fo (?), n.masc. [It. See Buffoon.] (Mus.) The comic actor in an opera. BufÏfoon¶ (?), n. [F. bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo, buffa, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. bouffer to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See Buffet a blow.] A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merryÐandrew. BufÏfoon¶ (?), a. Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon. ½Buffoon stories.¸ Macaulay. To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances. Melmoth. BufÏfoon¶, v.i. To act the part of a buffoon. [R.] BufÏfoon¶, v.t. To treat with buffoonery. Glanwill. BufÏfoon¶erÏy (?), n.; pl. Buffooneries (?). [F. bouffonnerie.] The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and postures. Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of buffoonery with a ½What makes you blush?¸ Spectator. BufÏfoon¶ish, a. Like a buffoon; consisting in low?jests or gestures. Blair. BufÏfoon¶ism (?), n. The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery. BufÏfoon¶ly, a. Low; vulgar. [R.] Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse. Goodman. Buff¶y (?), a. (Med.)ÿResembling, or characterized by, buff. Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearky colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual. Huxley. ØBu¶fo (?), n. [L. bufo a toad.] (Zo”l.) A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads. Bu¶fonÏite (?), n. [L. bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.] (Paleon.) An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the o”lite and chalk formations; toadstone; Ð so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad. Bug (?), n. [OE. bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan, hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. Bogey, Boggle.] 1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.] Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak. 2. (Zo”l.) A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc. 3. (Zo”l.) An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug. 4. (Zo”l.) One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle. 5. (Zo”l.) One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait bug; salve bug, etc. µ According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. ½God's rare workmanshipÿin the ant, the poorest bug that creeps.¸ Rogers (Naaman). ½This bug with gilded wings.¸ Pope. Bait bug. See under Bait. Ð Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Bug·aÏboo¶ (?), Bug¶bear· (?), n. [See Bug.] Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. ½Bugaboos to fright ye.¸ Lloyd. But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope. The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S.B.Griffin. The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J.Burroughs. Syn. - Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow. Bug¶bane· (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial whiteÐflowered herb of the order Ranunculace‘ and genus Cimiciguga; bugwort. There are several species. Bug¶bear· (?), n. Same as Bugaboo. Ð a. Causing needless fright. Locke. Bug¶bear·, v.t. To alarm with idle phantoms. Bug¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The menhaden. [U.S.] Bug¶ger (?), n. [F. bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called heretics, because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to heretics.] 1. One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite. 2. A wretch; Ð sometimes used humorously or in playful disparagement. [Low] Bug¶gerÏy (?), n. [OF. bougrerie, bogrerie, heresy. See Bugger.] Unnatural sexual intercourse; sodomy. Bug¶giÏness (?), n. [From Buggy, a.] The state of being infested with bugs. Bug¶gy (?), a. [From Bug.] Infested or abounding with bugs. Bug¶gy, n.; pl. Buggies. 1. A light one horse twoÐwheeled vehicle. [Eng.] Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race in a buggy. Beaconsfield. 2. A light, fourÐwheeled vehicle, usually with one seat, and with or without a calash top. [U.S.] Buggy cultivator, a cultivator with a seat for the driver. Ð Buggy plow, a plow, or set of plows, having a seat for the driver; Ð called also sulky plow. Bu¶gle (?), n. [OE. bugle buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. bugle, fr. L. buculus a young bullock, steer, dim. of bos ox. See Cow the animal.] A sort of wild ox; a buffalo. E.Phillips. Bu¶gle, n. [See Bugle a wild ox.] 1. A horn used by hunters. 2. (Mus.) A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; Ð called also the Kent bugle. Bu¶gle, n. [LL. bugulus a woman's ornament: cf. G. bgel a bent piece of metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. biegenÿto bend, E. bow to bend.] An elingated glass bead, of various colors, though commonly black. Bu¶gle, a. [From Bugle a bead.] Jet black. ½Bugle eyeballs.¸ Shak. Bu¶gle, n. [F. bugle; cf. It. bugola, L. bugillo.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Ajuga of the Mint family, a native of the Old World. Yellow bugle, the Ajuga cham‘pitys. Bu¶gled (?), a. Ornamented with bugles. Bu¶gle horn· (?). 1. A bugle. One blast upon his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men. Sir W.Scott. 2. A drinking vessel made of horn. [Obs.] And drinketh of his bugle horn the wine. Chaucer. Bu¶gler (?), n. One who plays on a bugle. Bu¶gleÏweed· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the Mint family and genus Lycopus; esp. L. Virginicus, which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage. Bu¶gloss (?), n.; pl. Buglosses (?). [F. buglosse, L. buglossa, buglossus, fr. Gr. ? oxtongue ? ox + ? tongue.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Anchusa, and especially the A. officinalis, sometimes called alkanet; oxtongue. Small wild bugloss, the Asperugo procumbensÿand the Lycopsis arvensis. Ð Viper's bugloss, a species of Echium. Bug¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) Bugbane. Buhl (?), Buhl¶work (?), n. [From A.Ch.Boule, a French carver in wood.] Decorative woodwork in which tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid, forming scrolls, cartouches, etc. [Written also boule, boulework.] Buhl¶buhl (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Bulbul. Buhr¶stone· (?), n. [OE. bur a whetstone for scythes.] (Min.) A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones. [Written also burrstone.] Build (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Built (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Building. The regular imp. & p.p. Builded is antiquated.] [OE. bulden, bilden, AS. byldanÿto build, fr. bold house; cf. Icel. bÓl farm, abode, Dan. bol small farm, OSw. bol, b”le, house, dwelling, fr. root of Icel. b?a to dwell; akin to E. be, bower, boor. û97.] 1. To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind; to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to fabricate; to make; to raise. Nor aught availed him now To have built in heaven high towers. Milton. 2. To raise or place on a foundation; to form, establish, or produce by using appropriate means. Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks. Shak. 3. To increase and strengthen; to increase the power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; Ð frequently with up; as, to build up one's constitution. I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up. Acts xx.32. Syn. - To erect; construct; raise; found; frame. Build (?), v.i. 1. To exercise the art, or practice the business, of building. 2. To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed reliable; to rely; as, to build on the opinions or advice of others. Build, n. Form or mode of construction; general figure; make; as, the build of a ship. Build¶er (?), n. One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason. In the practice of civil architecture, the builder comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it. Eng. Cyc. Build¶ing, n. 1. The act of constructing, erecting, or establishing. Hence it is that the building of our Sion rises no faster. Bp. Hall. 2. The art of constructing edifices, or the practice of civil architecture. The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes building; but building is frequently employed when the result is not architectural. Hosking. 3. That which is built; a fabric or edifice constructed, as a house, a church, etc. Thy sumptuous buildings and thy wife's attire Have cost a mass of public treasury. Shak. Built (?), n. Shape; build; form of structure; as, the built of a ship. [Obs.] Dryden. Built, a. Formed; shaped; constructed; made; Ð often used in composition and preceded by the word denotingÿthe form; as, frigateÐbuilt, clipperÐbuilt, etc. Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly built. Landor. Buke¶ mus¶lin (?). See Book muslin. ØBuk¶shish (?), n. See Backsheesh. ØBu¶lau (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) An East Indian insectivorous mammal (Gymnura Rafflesii), somewhat like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.

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Bulb (?), n. [L. bulbus, Gr. ?: cf. F. bulbe.] 1. (Bot.) A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which is strictly a bud, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs from a corm in not being solid. 2. (Anat.) A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta. Bulb of the eye, the eyeball. Ð Bulb of a hair, the ½root,¸ or part whence the hair originates. Ð Bulb of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata, often called simply bulb. Ð Bulb of a tooth, the vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the tooth. 3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc. Tomlinson. Bulb, v.i. To take the shape of a bulb; to swell. BulÏba¶ceous (?), a. [L. bulbaceus. See Bulb, n.] Bulbous. Jonson. Bulb¶ar (?), a. Of or pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining to the bulb of the spinal cord, or medulla oblongata; as, bulbar paralysis. Bulbed (?), a. Having a bulb; roundÐheaded. Bulb¶el (?), n. [Dim., fr. bulb, n.] (Bot.) A separable bulb formed on some flowering plants. BulÏbif¶erÏous (?), a. [Bulb, n. + Ïferous: cf. F. bulbifŠre.] (Bot.) Producing bulbs. Bulb¶let (?), n. [Bulb, n. + Ïlet.] (Bot.) A small bulb, either produced on a larger bulb, or on some a‰rial part of a plant, as in the axils of leaves in the tiger lily, or replacing the flowers in some kinds of onion. BulÏbose¶ (?), a. Bulbous. Bul¶boÐtu·ber (?), n. [Bulb, n. + tuber.] (Bot.) A corm. Bulb¶ous (?), a. [L. bulbosus: cf. F. bulbeux. See Bulb, n.] Having or containing bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or structure. ØBul¶bul (?), n. [Per.] (Zo”l.) The Persian nightingale (Pycnonotus jocosus). The name is also applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family Timaliid‘. The green bulbuls belong to the Chloropsis and allied genera. [Written also buhlbuhl.] Bul¶bule (?), n. [L. bulbulus, dim. of bulbus. See Bulb, n.] A small bulb; a bulblet. Bul¶chin (?), n. [Dim. of bull.] A little bull. Bulge (?), n. [OE. bulge a swelling; cf. AS. belganÿto swell, OSw. bulgja, Icel. bÓlginn swollen, OHG. belganÿto swell, G. bulge leathern sack, Skr. b?hÿto be large, strong;ÿthe root meaning to swell. Cf. Bilge, Belly, Billow, Bouge, n.] 1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask. 2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall. 3. (Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge, 2. Bulge ways. (Naut.) See Bilge ways. Bulge, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bulged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bulging.] 1. Toÿswell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall bulges. 2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder. And scattered navies bulge on distant shores. Broome. Bul¶gy (?), a. Bulged; bulging; bending, or tending to bend, outward. [Colloq.] ØBuÏlim¶iÏa (?), Bu¶liÏmy (?), } n. [NL. bulimia, fr. Gr. ?, lit., oxÐhunger; ? ox + ? hunger: cf. F. boulimie.] (Med.) A disease in which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food; a diseased and voracious appetite. ØBuÏli¶mus (?), n. [L. bulimusÿhunger. See Bulimy.] (Zo”l.) A genus of land snails having an elongated spiral shell, often of large size. The species are numerous ingabundant in tropical America. Bulk (?), n. [OE. bulke, bolke, heap; cf. Dan. bulk lump, clod, OSw. bolk crowd, mass, Icel. b?lkast to be bulky. Cf. Boll, n., Bile a boil, Bulge, n.] 1. Magnitude of material substance; dimensions; mass; size; as, an ox or ship of great bulk. Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred ships; not so great of bulk indeed, but of a more nimble motion, and more serviceable. Bacon. 2. The main mass or body; the largest or principal portion; the majority; as, the bulk of a debt. The bulk of the people must labor, Burke told them, ½to obtain what by labor can be obtained.¸ J.Morley. 3. (Naut.) The cargo of a vessel when stowed. 4. The body. [Obs.] Shak. My liver leaped within my bulk. Turbervile. Barrel bulk. See under Barrel. Ð To break bulk (Naut.), to begin to unload or more the cargo. Ð In bulk, in a mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or divided into separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity may be taken or sold. Ð Laden in bulk, Stowed in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks. Ð Sale by bulk, a sale of goods as they are, without weight or measure. Syn. - Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness; largeness; massiveness. Bulk (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bulked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bulking.] To appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell. The fame of Warburton possibly bulked larger for the moment. Leslie Stephen. Bulk, n. [Icel. b¾lkr a beam, partition. Cf. Balk, n. & v.] A projecting part of a building. [Obs.] Here, stand behind this bulk. Shak. Bulk¶er (?), n. (Naut.) A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them. Bulk¶head· (?), n. [See Bulk part of a building.] 1. (Naut.) A partition in a vessel, to separate apartments on the same deck. 2. A structure of wood or stone, to resist the pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in a mine; the limiting wall along a water front. Bulked line, a line beyond which a wharf must not project; Ð usually, the harbor line. Bulk¶iÏness (?), n. Greatness in bulk; size. Bulk¶y (?), a. Of great bulk or dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; as, bulky volumes. A bulky digest of the revenue laws. Hawthorne. Bull (?), n. [OE. bule, bul, bole; akin to D. bul, G. bulle, Icel. boli, Lith. bullus, Lett. bollis, Russ. vol'; prob. fr. the root of AS. bellan, E. bellow.] 1. (Zo”l.) The male of any species of cattle (Bovid‘); hence,ÿthe male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also, the male of the whale. µ The wild bullÿof the Old Testament is thought to be the oryx, a large speciesÿof antelope. 2. One who, or that which, resembles a bull in character or action. Ps.xxii.12. 3. (Astron.) (a) Taurus, the second of the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It contains the Pleiades. At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun, And the bright Bull receives him. Thomson. 4. (Stock Exchange) One who operates in expectation of a rise in the price of stocks, or in order to effect such a rise. See 4th Bear, n., 5. Bull baiting, the practice of baiting bulls, or rendering them furious, as by setting dogs to attack them. Ð John Bull, a humorous name for the English, collectively; also, an Englishman. ½GoodÐlooking young John Bull.¸ W.D.Howells. Ð To take the bullÿby the horns, to grapple with a difficulty instead of avoiding it. Bull, a. Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce. Bull batÿ(Zo”l.), the night hawk; Ð so called from the loud noise it makes while feeding on the wing, in the evening. Ð Bull calf. (a) A stupid fellow. Ð Bull mackerel (Zo”l.), the chub mackerel. Ð Bull pump (Mining), a direct singleÐacting pumping engine, in which the steam cylinder is placedÿaboveÿthe pump. Ð Bull snakeÿ(Zo”l.), the pine snake of the United States. Ð Bull stag, a castrated bull. See Stag. Ð Bull wheel, a wheel, or drum, on which a rope is woundÿfor lifting heavy articles, as logs, the tools in well boring, etc. Bull, v.i. To be in heat; to manifest sexual desire as cows do. [Colloq.] Bull, v.t. (Stock Exchange) To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4. Bull, n. [OE. bulle, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud, knob, LL., a seal or stamp: cf. F. bulle. Cf. Bull a writing, Bowl a ball, Boil, v.i.] 1. A seal. See Bulla. 2. A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope, written in Gothic characters on rough parchment, sealed with a bulla, and dated ½a die Incarnationis,¸ i.e., ½from the day of the Incarnation.¸ See Apostolical brief, under Brief. A fresh bull of Leo's had declared how inflexible the court of Rome was in the point of abuses. Atterbury. 3. A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent congruity, but real incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of expression; so called, perhaps, from the apparent incongruity between the dictatorial nature of the pope's bulls and his professions of humility. And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic, it is a mere contradiction, one of the pope's bulls, as if he should say universal particular; a Catholic schimatic. Milton. The Golden Bull, an edict or imperial constitution made by the emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing what became the fundamental law of the German empire; Ð so called from its golden seal. Syn. - See Blunder. ØBul¶la (?), n.; pl. Bull‘ (?). [L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.] 1. (Med.) A bleb; a vesicle, or an elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery fluid. 2. (Anat.) The ovoid prominence below the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; as, the tympanic or auditory bulla. 3. A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round leaden seal attached to the papal bulls, which has on one side a representation of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the name of the pope who uses it. 4. (Zo”l.) A genus of marine shells. See Bubble shell. Bul¶lace (?), n. [OE. bolas, bolace, OF. beloce; of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bolos, polos, Gael. bulaistear.] (Bot.) (a) A small European plum (Prunus communis, var. insitita). See Plum. (b) The bully tree. BulÏlan¶tic (?), a. [See Bull an edict.] Pertaining to, or used in, papal bulls. Fry. Bullantic letters, Gothic letters used in papal bulls. Bul¶laÏry (?), n. [LL. bullarium: cf. F. bullairie. See Bull an edict.] A collection of papal bulls. Bul¶laÏry, n.; pl. Bullaries (?). [Cf. Boilary.] A place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery. Crabb. And certain salt fats or bullaries. Bills in Chancery. Bul¶late (?), a. [L. bullatus, fr. bulla bubble.] (Biol.) Appearing as if blistered; inflated; puckered. Bullate leafÿ(Bot.), a leaf, the membranous part of which rises between the veins puckered elevations convex on one side and concave on the other. Bull¶beg·gar (?), n. Something used or suggested to produce terror, as in children or persons of weak mind; a bugbear. And being an illÐlooked fellow, he has a pension from the church wardens for being bullbeggar to all the forward children in the parish. Mountfort (1691). Bull¶ bri·er (?). (Bot.) A speciesÿof Smilax (S. PseudoÐChina) growing from New Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and farinaceous rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort of bread, and by the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; Ð called also bamboo brier and China brier. Bull¶combÏer (?), n. (Zo”l.) A scaraboid beetle; esp. the Typh‘us vulgarisÿof Europe. Bull¶dog· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) A variety of dog, of remarkable ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; Ð so named, probably, from being formerly employed in baiting bulls. 2. (Metal.) A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill. Bull¶dog·, a. Characteristic of, or like, a bulldog; stubborn; as, bulldog courage; bulldog tenacity. Bulldog batÿ(Zo”l.), a bat of the genus Nyctinomus; Ð so called from the shape of its face. Bull¶doze· (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bulldozed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bulldozing.] To intimidate; to restrain or coerce by intimidation or violence; Ð used originally of the intimidation of negro voters, in Louisiana. [Slang, U.S.] Bull¶do·zer (?), n. One who bulldozes. [Slang] Bulled (?), a. [Cf. Boln.] Swollen. [Obs.] ØBul¶lenÐbul¶len (?), n. [Native Australian name, from its cry.] (Zo”l.) The lyre bird. Bul¶lenÐnail· (?), n. [Bull large, having a large head + nail.] A nail with a round head and short shank, tinned and lacquered. Bul¶let (?), n. [F. boulet, dim. of boule ball. See Bull an edict, and cf. Boulet.] 1. A small ball. 2. A missile, usually of lead, and round or elongated in form, to be discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol, or other small firearm. 3. A cannon ball. [Obs.] A ship before Greenwich ... shot off her ordnance, one piece being charged with a bullet of stone. Stow. 4. The fetlock of a horse. [See Illust. under Horse.] Bul¶letÐproof· (?), a. Capable of resisting the force of a bullet. Bullet tree. See Bully tree. Ð Bullet wood, the wood of the bullet tree. Bul¶leÏtin (?), n. [F. bulletin, fr. It. bullettino, dim. of bulletta, dim. of bulla, bolla, an edict of the pope, from L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.] 1. A brief statement of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority for the information of the public. 2. Any public notice or announcement, especiallyÿof news recently received. 3. A periodical publication, especially one containing the proceeding of a society. Bulletin board, a board on which announcements are put, particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices, etc. Bull¶faced· (?), a. Having a large face. Bull¶feast· (?), n. See Bullfight. [Obs.] Bull¶fight· (?), Bull¶fight·ing, n. A barbarous sport, of great antiquity, in which men torment, and fight with, a bull or bulls in an arena, for public amusement, Ð still popular in Spain. Ð Bull¶fight·er (?), n. Bull¶finch· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A bird of the genus Pyrrhula and other related genera, especially the P. vulgaris or rubicilla, a bird of Europe allied to the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck, red. µ As a cage bird it is highly valued for its remarkable power of learning to whistle correctly various musical airs. CrimsonÐfronted bullfinch. (Zo”l.) See Burion. Ð Pine bullfinch, the pine finch. Bull¶fist (?), Bull¶fice (?), n. [Cf. G. bofist, AS. wulfes fist puffball, E. fizz, foist.] (Bot.) A kind of fungus. See Puffball. Bull¶ fly·or Bull¶fly· (?), n. (Zo”l.) Any large fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze flies. Bull¶frog· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A very large species of frog (Rana Catesbiana), found in North America; Ð so named from its loud bellowing in spring. Bull¶head· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) (a) A freshÐwater fish of many species, of the genus Uranidea, esp. U. gobioÿof Europe, and U. Richardsoni of the United States; Ð called also miller's thumb. (b) In America, several species of Amiurus; Ð called also catfish, horned pout, and bullpout. (c) A marine fish of the genus Cottus; the sculpin. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) The blackÐbellied plover (Squatarola helvetica); Ð called also beetlehead. (b) The golden plover. 3. A stupid fellow; a lubber. [Colloq.] Jonson. 4. (Zo”l.) A small black water insect. E.Phillips. Bullhead whiting (Zo”l.), the kingfish of Florida (Menticirrus alburnus).

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Bull¶head·ed (?), a. Having a head like that of a bull. Fig.: Headstrong; obstinate; dogged. Bul¶lion (?), n. [Cf. OE. bullyon a hook used for fastening the dress, a button, stud, an embossed ornament of various kinds, e.g., on the cover of a book, on bridles or poitrels, for purses, for breeches and doublets, LL. bullio the swelling of boiling water, a mass of gold or silver, fr. L. bulla boss, stud, bubble (see Bull an edict), or perh. corrupted fr. ?. billon base coin, LL. billioÿbullion. Cf. Billon, Billet a stick.] 1. Uncoined gold or silver in the mass. µ Properly, the precious metals are called bullion, when smelted and not perfectly refined, or when refined, but in bars, ingots or in any form uncoined, as in plate. The word is often often used to denote gold and silver, both coined and uncoined, when reckoned by weight and in mass, including especially foreign, or uncurrent, coin. 2. Base or uncurrent coin. [Obs.] And those which eld's strict doom did disallow, And damm for bullion, go for current now. Sylvester. 3. Showy metallic ornament, as of gold, silver, or copper, on bridles, saddles, etc. [Obs.] The clasps and bullions were worth a thousand pound. Skelton. 4. Heavy twisted fringe, made of fine gold or silver wire and used for epaulets; also, any heavy twisted fringe whose cords are prominent. Bul¶lionÏist, n. An advocate for a metallic currency, or a paper currency always convertible into gold. Bul¶liÏrag (?), v.t. [Cf. bully, n. & v., and rag to scold, rail. Cf. Ballarag.] To intimidate by bullying; to rally contemptuously; to badger. [Low] Bull¶ish (?), a. Partaking of the nature of a bull, or a blunder. Let me inform you, a toothless satire is as improper as a toothed sleek stone, and as bullish. Milton. Bull¶ist, n. [F. bulliste. See Bull an edict.] A writer or drawer up of papal bulls. [R.] Harmar. BulÏli¶tion (?), n. [L. bullire, bullitum, to boil. See Boil, v.i.] The action of boiling; boiling. [Obs.] See Ebullition. Bacon. Bull¶Ðnecked· (?), a. Having a short and thick neck like that of a bull. Sir W.Scott. Bul¶lock (?), n. [AS. bulluc a young bull. See Bull.] 1. A young bull, or any male of the ox kind. Take thy father's young bullock, even the second bullock of seven years old. Judges vi.25. 2. An ox, steer, or stag. Bul¶lock, v.t. To bully. [Obs.] She shan't think to bullock and domineer over me. Foote. Bul¶lock'sÐeye· (?), n. See Bull'sÐeye, 3. ØBul¶lon (?), n. (Zo”l.) A West Indian fish (Scarus Croicensis). Bull¶pout· (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Bullhead, 1 (b). Bull's¶Ðeye· (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A small circular or oval wooden block without sheaves, having a groove around it and a hole through it, used for connecting rigging. 2. A small round cloud, with a ruddy center, supposed by sailors to portend a storm. 3. A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck, roof, floor, ship's side, etc., to let in light. 4. A circular or oval opening for air or light. 5. A lantern, with a thick glass lens on one side for concentrating the light on any object; also, the lens itself. Dickens. 6. (Astron.) Aldebaran, a bright star in the eye of Taurus or the Bull. 7. (Archery & Gun.) The center of a target. 8. A thick knob or protuberance left on glass by the end of the pipe through which it was blown. 9. A small and thick oldÐfashioned watch. [Colloq.] Bull's¶Ðnose· (?), n. (Arch.) An external angle when obtuse or rounded. Bull¶ ter¶riÏer (?). (Zo”l.) A b?eed of dogs obtained by crossing the bulldog and the terrier. Bull¶ trout· (?). (Zo”l.) (a) In England, a large salmon trout of ??? species, as Salmo ??? and S. Cambricus, which ascend rivers; Ð called also sea trout. (b) Salvelinus malma of California and Oregon; Ð called also Dolly Varden troutÿand redÐspotted trout. (c) The huso or salmon of the Danube. Bull¶weed· (?), n. [Bole a stem + weed.] (Bot.) Knapweed. Prior. Bull¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) See Bishop'sÐweed. Bul¶ly (?), n.; pl. Bullies (?). [Cf. LG. bullerjaan, bullerb„k, bullerbrook, a blusterer, D. bulderaar a bluster, bulderen to bluster; prob. of imitative origin; or cf. MHG. buole lover, G. buhle.] 1. A noisy, blustering fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow. Bullies seldom execute the threats they deal in. Palmerston. 2. A brisk, dashing fellow. [Slang Obs.] Shak. Bul¶ly (?), a. 1. Jovial and blustering; dashing. [Slang] ½Bless thee, bully doctor.¸ Shak. 2. Fine; excellent; as, a bully horse. [Slang, U.S.] Bul¶ly, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bullied (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bullying.] To intimidate with threats and by an overbearing, swaggering demeanor; to act the part of a bully toward. For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of voluntrees gone over to bully the French, upon hearing the peace was just singing. Tatler. Syn. - To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer. Bul¶ly, v.i. To act as a bully. Bul¶lyÏrag (?), v.t. Same as Bullirag. Bul¶lyÏrock· (?), n. A bully. [Slang Obs.] Shak. Bul¶ly tree· (?). (Bot.) The name of several West Indian trees of the order Sapotace‘, as Dipholis nigraÿand species of Sapotaÿand Mimusops. Most of them yield a substance closely resembling guttaÐpercha. Bul¶rush· (?), n. [OE. bulrysche, bolroysche; of uncertain origin, perh. fr. bole stem + rush.] (Bot.) A kind of large rush, growing in wet land or in water. µ The name bulrush is applied in England especially to the catÐtail (Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia) and to the lake clubÐrush (Scirpus lacustris); in America, to the Juncus effusus, and also to species of Scirpus or clubÐrush. ØBulse (?), n. A purse or bag in which to carry or measure diamonds, etc. [India] Macaulay. Bul¶tel (?), n. [LL. bultellus. See Bolt to sift.] A bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran. [Obs.] Bul¶ti (?), n. (Zo”l.) Same as Bolty. Bul¶tow· (?), n. A trawl; a boulter; the mod? of fishing with a boulter or spiller. Bul¶wark (?), n. [Akin to D. bolwerk, G. bollwerk, Sw. bolwerk, Dan. bolv„rk, bulv„rk, rampart; akin to G. bohle plank, and werk work, defense. See Bole stem, and Work, n., and cf. Boulevard.] 1. (Fort.) A rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork. 2. That which secures against an enemy, or defends from attack; any means of defense or protection. The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense, ... the floating bulwark of our island. Blackstone. 3. pl. (Naut.) The sides of a ship above the upper deck. Syn. - See Rampart. Bul¶wark, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bulwarked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bulwarking.] To fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by fortification; to protect. Of some proud city, bulwarked round and armed With rising towers. Glover. Bum (?), n. [Contr. fr. bottom in this sense.] The buttock. [Low] Shak. Bum, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bummed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bumming (?).] [See Boom, v.i., to roar.] To make murmuring or humming sound. Jamieson. Bum, n. A humming noise. Halliwell. Bum¶bail¶iff (?), n. [A corruption of bound bailiff.] [Low, Eng.] See Bound bailiff, under Bound, a. Bum¶bard (?). See Bombard.ÿ[Obs.] Bum¶barge· (?), n. See Bumboat. Carlyle. Bum¶bast (?). See Bombast. [Obs.] Bum¶beÏlo (?), n.; pl. Bumbeloes (?). [It. bombola.] A glass used in subliming camphor. [Spelled also bombolo and bumbolo.] Bum¶ble (?), n. [See Bumpÿto boom.] (Zo”l.) The bittern. [Local, Eng.] Bum¶ble, v.i. To make a hollow or humming noise, like that of a bumblebee; to cry as a bittern. As a bittern bumbleth in the mire. Chaucer. Bum¶bleÏbee· (?), n. [OE. bumblen to make a humming noise (dim. of bum, v.i.) + bee. Cf. Humblebee.] (Zo”l.) A large bee of the genus Bombus, sometimes called humblebee; Ð so named from its sound. µ There are many species. All gather honey, and store it in the empty cocoons after the young have come out. Bum¶boat· (?), n. [From bum the buttocks, on account of its clumsy form; or fr. D. bun a box for holding fish in a boat.] (Naut.) A clumsy boat, used for conveying provisions, fruit, etc., for sale, to vessels lying in port or off shore. Bum¶kin (?), n. [Boom a beam + Ïkin. See Bumpkin.] (Naut.) A projecting beam or boom; as: (a) One projecting from each bow of a vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a tack bumpkin. (b) Onr from each quarter, for the mainÐbrace blocks, and called brace bumpkin. (c) A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to extend the mizzen. [Written also boomkin.] ØBum¶maÏlo (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A small marine Asiatic fish (Saurus ophidon) used in India as a relish; Ð called also Bombay duck. Bum¶mer (?), n. An idle, worthless fellow, who is without any visible means of support; a dissipated sponger. [Slang, U.S.] Bum¶meÏry (?), n. See Bottomery. [Obs.] There was a scivener of Wapping brought to hearing for relief against a bummery bond. R.North. Bump (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bumped (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bumping.] [Cf. W. pwmp round mass, pwmpiaw to thump, bang, and E. bum , v.i., boom to roar.] To strike, as with or against anything large or solid; to thump; as, to bump the head against a wall. Bump, v.i. To come in violent contact with something; to thump. ½Bumping and jumping.¸ Southey. Bump (?), n. [From Bump to strike, to thump.] 1. A thump; a heavy blow. 2. A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump or blow; a protuberance. It had upon its brow A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone. Shak. 3. (Phren.) One of the protuberances on the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind; as, the bump of ½veneration;¸ the bump of ½acquisitiveness.¸ [Colloq.] 4. The act of striking the stern of the boat in advance with the prow of the boat following. [Eng.] Bump, v.i. [See Boom to roar.] To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern; to boom. As a bittern bumps within a reed. Dryden. Bump, n. The noise made by the bittern. Bum¶per (?), n. [A corruption of bumbard, bombard, a large drinking vessel.] 1. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over, particularly in drinking a health or toast. He frothed his bumpers to the brim. Tennyson. 2. A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of some favorite performer. [Cant] Bump¶er (?), n. 1. That which bumps or causes a bump. 2. Anything which resists or deadens a bump or shock; a buffer. Bump¶kin (?), n. [The same word as bumkin, which Cotgrave defines thus: ½Bumkin, Fr. chicambault, the luffeÐblock, a long and thick piece of wood, whereunto the foreÐsayle and spritÐsayle are fastened, when a ship goes by the winde.¸ Hence, a clumsy man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood; cf. OD. boomken a little tree. See Boom a pole.] An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout. ½Bashful country bumpkins.¸ W.Irving. Bump¶tious (?), a. SelfÐconceited; forward; pushing. [Colloq.] Halliwell. Bump¶tiousÏness, n. Conceitedness. [Colloq.] Bun, Bunn (?), n. [Scot. bun, bunn, OE. bunne, bonne; fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. bunna, Gael. bonnach, or OF. bugne tumor, Prov. F. bugne a kind of pancake; akin to OHG. bungo bulb, MHG. bunge, Prov. E. bung heap, cluster, bunny a small swelling.] A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk on the top crust. Bunch (?), n. [Akin to OSw. & Dan. bunke heap, Icel. bunki heap, pile, bunga tumor, protuberance; cf. W. pwng cluster. Cf. Bunk.] 1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump. They will carry ... their treasures upon the bunches of camels. Isa.xxx.6. 2. A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; as, a bunch of grapes; a bunch of keys. 3. (Mining) A small isolated mass of ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein. Page. Bunch, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bunched (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bunching.] To swell out into a bunch or protuberance; to be protuberant or round. Bunching out into a large round knob at one end. Woodward. Bunch, v.t. To form into a bunch or bunches. Bunch¶Ðbacked· (?), a. Having a bunch on the back; crooked. ½BunchÐbacked toad.¸ Shak. Bunch¶ber·ry (?), n. (Bot.) The dwarf cornel (Cornus Canadensis), which bears a dense cluster of bright red, edible berries. Bunch¶ grass· (?). (Bot.) A grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In California, Atropis tenuifolia, Festuca scabrella, and several kinds of Stipa are favorite bunch grasses. In Utah, Eriocoma cuspidata is a good bunch grass. Bunch¶iÏness (?), n. The quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness. Bunch¶y (?), a. 1. Swelling out in bunches. An unshapen, bunchy spear, with bark unpiled. Phaer. 2. Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch; having tufts; as, the bird's bunchy tail. 3. (Mining) Yielding irregularly; sometimes rich, sometimes poor; as, a bunchy mine. Page. Bun¶combe, Bun¶kum (?), n. [Buncombe a country of North Carolina.] SpeechÐmaking for the gratification of constituents, or to gain public applause; flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said for mere show. [Cant or Slang, U.S.] All that flourish about right of search was bunkum Ð all that brag about hanging your Canada sheriff was bunkum ... slavery speeches are all bunkum. Haliburton. To speak for Buncombe, to speak for mere show, or popularly. µ ½The phrase originated near the close of the debate on the famous 'Missouri Question,' in the 16th Congress. It was then used by Felix Walker Ð a na‹ve old mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville, in Haywood, the most western country of North Carolina, near the border of the adjacent country of Buncombe, which formed part of his district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was impatiently calling for the 'Question,' and several members gathered round him, begging him to desist. He preserved, however, for a while, declaring that the people of his district expected it, and that he was bound to 'make a speech for Buncombe.'¸ W.Darlington. ØBund (?), n. [G.] League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German states. ØBund (?), n. [Hindi band.] An embankment against inundation. [India] S. Wells Williams. ØBun¶der (?), n. [Pers. bandar a landing place, pier.] A boat or raft used in the East Indies in the landing of passengers and goods.

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ØBun¶desÏrath· (?), n. [G., from bund (akin to E. bond) confederacy + rath council, prob. akin to E. read.] The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The federal council of Switzerland is also so called. µ The Bundesrath of the German empire is presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixtyÐtwo members, who represent the different states of the empire, being appointed for each session by their respective governments. By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland, Ð the Bundesrath Ð is chosen, and the head of this is a president. J.P.Peters (Trans.Mller's Pol. Hist.). Bun¶dle (?), n. [OE. bundel, AS. byndel; akin to D. bondel, bundel, G. bndel, dim. of bund bundle, fr. the root of E. bind. See Bind.] A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old clothes. The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength could bend. Goldsmith. Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it. Weale. Bun¶dle, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bundled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bundling (?).] 1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll. 2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony. They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach. T.Hook. To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony. Ð To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously. Bun¶dle, v.i. 1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony. 2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; Ð applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping. Bartlett. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages of eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W.Irving. Bung (?), n. [Cf. W. bwng orfice, bunghole, Ir. buinne tap, spout, OGeal. buine.] 1. The large spotter of the orfice in the bilge of a cask. 2. The orfice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole. 3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. & Low] You gilthy bung, away. Shak. Bung, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bunged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bunging (?).] To stop, as the orfice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; Ð with up. To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action. [Low] He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have spoken these three years. Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote). Bun¶gaÏlow (?), n. [Bengalee b¾ngl¾] A thatched or tiled house or cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a veranda. [India] ØBun¶gaÏrum (?), n. [Bungar, the native name.] (Zo”l.) A venomous snake of India, of the genus Bungarus, allied to the cobras, but without a hood. Bung¶hole· (?), n. See Bung, n., 2. Shak. Bun¶gle (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bungled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bungling (?).] [Prob. a diminutive from, akin to bang; cf. Prov. G. bungen to beat, bang, OSw. bunga.ÿSee Bang.] The act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner. Bun¶gle, v.t. To make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; Ð sometimes with up. I always had an idea that it would be bungled. Byron. Bun¶gle (?), n. A clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder. Those errors and bungles which are committed. Cudworth. Bun¶gler (?), n. A clumsy, awkward workman; one who bungles. If to be a dunce or a bungler in any profession be shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to be such! Barrow. Bun¶gling (?), a. Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman. Swift. They make but bungling work. Dryden. Bun¶glingÏly, adv. Clumsily; awkwardly. Bun¶go (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a kind of boat used in the Southern United States. Bartlett. Bun¶ion (?), n. (Med.) Same as Bunyon. Bunk (?), n. [Cf. OSw. bunke heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf. Bunch.] 1. A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at night. [U.S.] 2. One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers. 3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of heavy timbers. [Local, U.S.] Bunk, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bunked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bunking.] To go to bed in a bunk; Ð sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. Bun¶ker (?), n. [Scot. bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest, serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank, Bench.] 1. A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat. [Scot.] Jamieson. 2. A large bin or similar receptacle; as, a coal bunker. Bun¶ko (?), n. [Sf. Sp. banco bank, banca a sort of game at cards. Cf. Bank (in the commercial sense).] A kind of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham lottery. [Written also bunco.] Bunko steerer, a person employed as a decoy in bunko. [Slang, U.S.] Bun¶kum (?), n. See Buncombe. Bunn (?), n. See Bun. Bun¶nian (?), n. See Bunyon. Bun¶ny (?), n. (Mining) A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it. Bun¶ny, n. A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel. ØBu·noÏdon¶ta (?), Bu¶noÏdonts (?), } n. pl. [NL. bunodonta, fr. Gr. ? hill, heap + ?, ?, a tooth.] (Zo”l.) A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; Ð so called because the teeth are tuberculated. Bun¶sen's bat¶terÏy (?), Bun¶sen's burn·er (?). See under Battery, and Burner. Bunt (?), n. (Bot.) A fungus (Ustilago fÒtida) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; Ð also called pepperbrand. Bunt, n. [Cf. Sw. bunt bundle, Dan. bundt, G. bund, E. bundle.] (Naut.) The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten. Bunt, v.i. (Naut.) To swell out; as, the sail bunts. Bunt, v.t. & i. To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy. Bun¶ter (?), n. A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman. [Cant] Her ... daughters, like bunters in stuff gowns. Goldsmith. Bun¶ting (?), n. [Scot. buntlin, cornÐbuntlin, OE. bunting, buntyle; of unknown origin.] (Zo”l.) A birdÿof the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillid‘). µ Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the blackÐheaded (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the bayÐwinged or grass (Po”c‘tes or PoÒcetes gramineus); the blackÐthroated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark bunting. Bun¶ting, Bun¶tine (?), n. [Prov. E. bunting sifting flour, OE. bontenÿto sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.] A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals. Bunt¶line (?), n. [2d bunt + line.] (Naut.) One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in. Totten. Bun¶yon, Bun¶ion (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small swelling, fr. OF. bugne, It. bugna, bugnone. See Bun.] (Med.) An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the burs‘ muscos‘), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe. Buoy (?), n. [D. boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie, buie, chain, fetter, F. bou‚e a buoy, from L. boia. ½Boiae genus vinculorum tam ferreae quam ligneae.¸ Festus. So called because chained to its place.] (Naut.) A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, aÿbuoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. Ð Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. Ð Breeches buoy. See under Breeches. Ð Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. Ð Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pearÐshaped. Ð Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. Ð Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. Ð To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. Ð Whistling buoy, aÿbuoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves. Buoy, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buoyed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buoying.] 1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; Ð with up. 2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency. Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke. 3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel. Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin. Buoy, v.i. To float; to rise like a buoy. ½Rising merit will buoy up at last.¸ Pope. Buoy¶age (?), n. Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys. Buoy¶ance (?), n. Buoyancy. [R.] Buoy¶anÏcy (?), n.; pl. Buoyancies (?). 1. The property of floating on the surfaceÿof a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water. 2. (Physics) The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced. Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc. 3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; Ð the opposite of heaviness; as, buoyancy of spirits. Buoy¶ant (?), a. [From Buoy, v.t. & i.] 1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury. ½Buoyant on the flood.¸ Pope. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier. The water under me was buoyant. Dryden. 3. LightÐhearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits. Ð Buoy¶antÏly, adv. BuÏpres¶tiÏdan (?), n. [L. buprestis, Gr. ?, a poisonous beetle, which, being eaten by cattle in the grass, caused them to swell up and and die; ? ox, cow + ? to blow up, swell out.] (Zo”l.) One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus Buprestis and allied genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larv‘ are usually bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to trees. Bur, Burr (?), n. [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan. borre, OSw. borra, burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. bristle (burrÏ for burzÏ), or perh. to F. bourre hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, ½the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are covered,¸ fr. L. burrae trifles, LL. reburrus rough.] 1. (Bot.) Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs. Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton. Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson. 2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2. 3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4. 4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5. 5. The sweetbread. 6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick. 7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; Ð used by dentists. 8. [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zo”l.) The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr.] Bur oakÿ(Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, closeÐgrained, and durable. Ð Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves. Bur¶bolt· (?), n. A birdbolt. [Obs.] Ford. Bur¶bot (?), n. [F. barbote, fr. barbe beard. See 1st Barb.] (Zo”l.) A freshÐwater fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. [Written also burbolt.] µ The fish is also called an eelpout or ling, and is allied to the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An American species (L. maculosa) is found in New England, the Great Lakes, and farther north. Bur·deÏlais¶ (?), n. [F. bourdelais, prob. fr. bordelais. See Bordelais.] A sort of grape. Jonson. Bur¶den (?), n. [Written also burthen.] [OE. burden, burthen, birthen, birden, AS. byr$en; akin to Icel. byr?i, Dan. byrde, Sw. b”rda, G. brde, OHG. burdi, Goth. ba£r?ei, fr. the root of E. bear, AS. beran, Goth. bairan. û92. See 1st Bear.] 1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak. 2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown. Swift. 3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a shipÿof a hundred tons burden. 4. (Mining) The tops or heads of streamÐwork which lie over the stream of tin. 5. (Metal.) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. Raymond. 6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds. 7. A birth. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. Ð Burden of proof [L. onus probandi] (Law), the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed. Syn. - Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome. Bur¶den, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burdened (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burdening (?).] 1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened. 2 Cor.viii.13. 2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. My burdened heart would break. Shak. 3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). [R.] It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge. Syn. - To load; encumber; overload; oppress.

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Bur¶den (?), n. [OE. burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon; cf. LL. burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Bourdon.] 1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer. I would sing my song without a burden. Shak. 2. The drone of a bagpipe. Ruddiman. Bur¶den, n. [See Burdon.] A club. [Obs.] Spenser. Bur¶denÏer (?), n. One who loads; a oppressor. Bur¶denÏous (?), a. Burdensome. [Obs.] ½Burdenous taxations.¸ Shak. Bur¶denÏsome (?), a. Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive. The debt immense of endless gratitude So burdensome. Milton. Syn. - Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive; troublesome. Ð Bur¶denÏsomeÏly, adv. Ð Bur¶denÏsomeÏness, n. Bur¶dock (?), n. [Bur + dock the plant.] (Bot.) A genus of coarse biennial herbs (Lappa), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals. µ The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis. Bur¶don (?), n. [See Bourdon.] A pilgrim's staff. [Written also burden.] Rom. of R. Bu¶reau (?), n.; pl. E. Bureaus (?), F. Bureaux (?). [F. bureau a writing table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. to F. bure, and fr. OF. buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. ? flameÐcolored, prob. fr. ? fire. See Fire, n., and cf. Borel, n.] 1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers. Swift. 2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted. 3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the direction of a chief. µ On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of bureaux; as, the Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In Englandÿand America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the ½Pension Bureau,¸ a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. [Obs.] In Spanish, bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household. 4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture. [U.S.] Bureau system. See Bureaucracy. Ð Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and re‰stablished in Brussels in 1870. BuÏreau¶craÏcy (?), n. [Bureau + Gr. ? to be strong, to govern, ? strength: cf. F. bureaucratie.] 1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system. 2. Government officials, collectively. BuÏreau¶crat (?), n. An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and arbitrary routine. C.Kingsley. Bu·reauÏcrat¶ic (?), Bu·reauÏcrat¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. bureaucratique.] Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy. BuÏreau¶craÏtist (?), n. An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy. Bur¶el (?), n. & a. Same as Borrel. ØBuÏrette¶ (?), n. [F., can, cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.) An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock. Bur¶ fish· (?). (Zo”l.) A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; Ð called also ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish. Burg (?), n. [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.] 1. A fortified town. [Obs.] 2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough. Burg¶age (?), n. [From Burg: cf. F. bourgage, LL. burgagium.] (Eng. Law) A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services relating to trade or handicraft. Burrill. Bur¶gall (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small marine fish; Ð also called cunner. Bur¶gaÏmot (?), n. See Bergamot. Bur¶gaÏnet (?), n. See Burgonet. Bur¶gee (?), n. 1. A kind of small coat. 2. (Naut.) A swallowÐtailed flag; a distinguishing pen?ant, used by cutters, yachts, and merchant vessels. BurÏgeois¶ (?), n. (Print.) See 1st Bourgeous. ØBurÏgeois¶ (?), n. A burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois. [R.] Addison. Bur¶geon (?), v.i. To bud. See Bourgeon. Bur¶gess (?), n. [OE. burgeis, OF. burgeis, fr. burcfortified town, town, F. bourg village, fr. LL. burgus fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG. burc, G. burg. See 1st Borough, and cf. 2d Bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough. Blackstone. µ ½A burgess of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city.¸ Burrill. 2. One who represents a borough in Parliament. 3. A magistrate of a borough. 4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal officers. µ Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular branchÿof the legislature of Virginia were called burgesses; they are now called delegates. Burgess oath. See Burgher, 2. Bur¶gessÐship (?), n. The state of privilege of a burgess. South. Burg¶grave (?), n. [G. burggraf; burg fortress + graf count: cf. D. burggraaf, F. burgrave. See Margrave.] (Gremany) Originally, one appointed to the command of a burg (fortress or castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain attached. Burgh (?), n. [OE. See Burg.] A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland. See Borough. Burgh¶al (?), a. Belonging of a burgh. Burgh¶bote· (?), n. [Burgh + bote.] (Old Law) A contribution toward the building or repairing of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town. Burgh¶brech· (?), n. [Burgh + F. brŠche, equiv. to E. breach.] (AS. Law) The offense of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to keep the peace; breach of the peace. Burrill. Burgh¶er (?), n. [From burgh; akin to D. burger, G. brger, Dan. borger, Sw. borgare. See Burgh.] 1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess ½the true religion professed within the realm¸), the opposite party being called antiburghers. µ These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the ½United Associate Synod of the Secession Church.¸ Burgh¶erÏmas·ter (?), n. See Burgomaster. Burgh¶erÏship (?), n. The state or privileges of a burgher. Burgh¶mas·ter (?), n. 1. Aÿburgomaster. 2. (Mining) An officer who directs and lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; Ð called also bailiff, and barmaster. [Eng.] Burgh¶mote· (?), n. (AS. Law) [Burgh + mote meeting.] A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a borough court held three times yearly. Bur¶glar (?), n. [OE. burg town, F. bourg, fr. LL. burgus (of German origin) + OF. lere thief, fr. L. latro. See Borough, and Larceny.] (Law) One guilty of the crime of burglary. Burglar alarm, a device for giving alarm if a door or window is opened from without. Bur¶glarÏer (?), n. A burglar. [Obs.] BurÏgla¶riÏous (?), a. Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary. To come down a chimney is held a burglarious entry. Blackstone. BurÏgla¶riÏousÏly, adv. With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar. Blackstone. Bur¶glaÏry (?), n.; pl. Burglaries (?). [Fr. Burglar; cf. LL. burglaria.] (Law) Breaking and entering the dwelling house of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or not. Wharton. Burrill. µ By statute law in some of the United States, burglary includes the breaking with felonious intent into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are established. Bur¶goÏmas·ter (?), n. [D. burgemeester; burgÿborough + meester master; akin to G. burgemeister, brgermeister. See 1st Borough, and Master.] 1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to mayor in Englandÿand the United States; a burghmaster. 2. (Zo”l.) An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions. Bur¶goÏnet (?), n. [F. bouruignotte, because the Burgundians, F. Bouruignons, first used it.] A kind of helmet. [Written also burganet.] Shak. Bur¶goo (?), n. [Prov. E. burgood yeast, perh. fr. W. burym yeast + cawl cabbage, gruel.] A kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen. [Written also burgout.] Bur¶grass· (?), n. (Bot.) Grass of the genus Cenchrus, growing in sand, and having burs for fruit. Bur¶grave (?), n. [F.] See Burggrave. Bur¶gunÏdy (?), n. 1. An old province of France (in the eastern central part). 2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France. Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) by melting in hot water and straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters. Burh (?), n. See Burg. [Obs.] Bur¶hel, Burr¶hel } (?), n. (Zo”l.) The wild Himalayan, or blue, sheep (Ovis burrhel). Bur¶iÏal (?), n. [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.] 1. A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.] The ert?e schook, and stoones weren cloven, and biriels weren opened. Wycliff [Matt.xxvii.51, 52]. 2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment. ½To give a public burial.¸ Shak. Now to glorious burial slowly borne. Tennyson. Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close airÐtight, for the preservation of a dead body. Ð Burial ground, a piece of ground selected and set apart for a placeÿof buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious ceremonies. Ð Burial place, any place where burials are made. Ð Burial service. (a) The religious service performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service. (b) That portion of a liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English burial service. Syn. - Sepulture; interment; inhumation. Bur¶iÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, buries. Till the buriers have buried it. Ezek.xxxix.15. And darkness be the burier of the dead. Shak. Bu¶rin (?), n. [F. burin, cf. It. burino, bulino; prob. from OHG. bora borer, borÓn to bore, G. bohren. See 1st Bore.] 1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly shaped tool used by workers in marble. 2. The manner or style of execution of an engraver; as, a soft burin; a brilliant burin. Bu¶rinÏist, n. One who works with the burin. For. Quart. Rev. Bu¶riÏon (?), n. (Zo”l.) The redÐbreasted house sparrow of California (Carpodacus frontalis); Ð called also crimsonÐfronted bullfinch. [Written also burrion.] Burke (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burking.] [From one Burke of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.] 1. To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for dessection. 2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to shelve; as, to burke a parliamentary question. The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a affidavits. C.Reade. Burk¶ism (?), n. The practice of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for dissection. Burl (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burling.] [OE. burle stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. bourlet, bourrelet, OF. bourel, a wreath or a roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc., dim. of bourre. û92. See Bur.] To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth. Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth. Burl, n. 1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth. 2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences. Bur¶lap (?), n. A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc. [Written also burlaps.] Burl¶er (?), n. One who burls or dresses cloth. BurÏlesque¶ (?), a. [F. burlesque, fr. It. burlesco, fr. burla jest, mockery, perh. for burrula, dim. of L. burrae trifles. See Bur.] Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock gravity; jocular; ironical. It is a dispute among the critics, whether burlesque poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras. Addison. BurÏlesque¶ (?), n. 1. Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque satire. Burlesque is therefore of two kinds; the first represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among the people. Addison. 2. An ironical or satirical composition intended to excite laughter, or to ridicule anything. The dull burlesque appeared with impudence, And pleased by novelty in spite of sense. Dryden. 3. A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty; a gross perversion. Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from such a profane burlesque and abominable perversion of that sacred institute? Burke. Syn. - Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry. BurÏlesque¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burlesqued (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burlesquing (?).] To ridicule, or to make ludicrous by grotesque representation in action or in language. They burlesqued the prophet Jeremiah's words, and turned the expression he used into ridicule. Stillingfleet. BurÏlesque¶, v.i. To employ burlesque. BurÏles¶quer (?), n. One who burlesques.

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ØBurÏlet¶ta (?), n. [It., dim. of burla mockery. See Burlesque, a.] (Mus.) A comic operetta; a music farce. Byron. Bur¶liÏness (?), n. Quality of being burly. Bur¶ly (?), a. [OE. burlichÿstrong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf. Bower.] 1. Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; Ð now used chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky. ½Burly sacks.¸ Drayton. In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat corpulent and burly. Sir T.More. Burly and big, and studious of his ease. Cowper. 2. Coarse and rough; boisterous. It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense. Cowley. Bur¶man (?), n.; pl. Burmans (?). [½The softened modern M'yanÐma, M'yanÐma [native name], is the source of the European corruption Burma.¸ Balfour.] (Ethnol.) A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese. Ð a. Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to Burmah. Bur¶ mar¶iÏgold (?). See Beggar's ticks. Bur·mese¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants. Ð n.sing. & pl. A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (sing.), the languageÿof the Burmans. Burn (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burned (?) or Burnt (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burning.] [OE. bernen, brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen, birnen, v.i., AS. b‘rnan, bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS. brinnan, OFries. barna, berna, OHG. brinnan, brennan, G. brennen, OD. bernen, D. branden, Dan. br‘nde, Sw. br„nna, brinna, Icel. brenna, Goth. brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly to E. fervent.] 1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; Ð frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. ½We'll burn his body in the holy place.¸ Shak. 2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass. 3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime. 4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block. 5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper. This tyrant fever burns me up. Shak. This dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryden. When the cold north wind bloweth, ... it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the ??ass as fire. Ecclus.xliii.20, 21. 6. (Surg.) To apply a cautery to; to cauterize. 7. (Chem.) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. Ð To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. Ð To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. Ð To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. Ð To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. ½Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes?¸ Shak. Ð To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. Ð To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely. Burn, v.i. 1. To be of fire; to flame. ½The mount burned with fire.¸ Deut.ix.15. 2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat. Your meat doth burn, quoth I. Shak. 3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever. Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way? Luke xxiv.32. The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water. Shak. Burning with high hope. Byron.

The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton. 4. (Chem.) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine. 5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. Ð To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed. Burn, n. 1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat. 2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn. 3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6. Burn, n. [See 1st Bourn.] A small stream. [Scot.] Burn¶aÏble (?), a. Combustible. Cotgrave. Burned (?), p.p. & a. See Burnt. Burned (?), p.p. Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer. Burn¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything. 2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burnerÿ(Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. Ð Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc. Bur¶net (?), n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially, P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zo”l.), in England, a handsome moth (Zyg‘na filipendula), with crimson spots on the wings. Ð Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage. Ð Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis). Ð Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis. Bur¶nettÏize (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnettized (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnettizing.] (Manuf.) To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; Ð a process invented by Sir William Burnett. Burn¶ie (?), n. [See 4th Burn.] A small brook. [Scot.] Burns. Bur¶nieÏbee· (?), n. The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.] Burn¶ing, a. 1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery. 2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Eunoymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry. Burn¶ing, n. The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. Ð Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. Ð Burning houseÿ(Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. Ð Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass. Syn. - Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze. Bur¶nish (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnished (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnishing.] [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br?n; cf. MHG. briunen 8make brown, polish. See Brown, a.] To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars. Bur¶nish, v.i. To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large. A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his brothers do. Dryden. My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert. Bur¶nish, n. The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw. Bur¶nishÏer (?), n. 1. One who burnishes. 2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses. Bur¶noose, Bur¶nous (?), n. [Ar. burnus a kind of highÐcrowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. alÐbornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.] 1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs. 2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.] Burn¶stic·kle (?), n. (Zo”l.) A stickle?back (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Burnt (?), p.p. & a. Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. Ð Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam.xxiv.22.] Burr (?), n. [See Bur.] (Bot.) 1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1. 2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson. 3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down. 4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping. 5. The lobe or lap of the ear. 6. [Probably of imitative origin.] A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; Ð often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr. 7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8. Burr (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burred (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burring.] To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs. Browning. Bur¶rel (?), n. [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurr‚ butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.] A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, its smooth, delicious, soft pulp. Bur¶rel, n. Same as Borrel. Bur¶rel fly· (?). [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zo”l.) The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly. Bur¶rel shot· (?). [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourrelerÿto sting, torture.] (Gun.) A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.] Burr¶ing maÏchine¶ (?). A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and otherÿsubstances. Burr¶ mill¶stone· (?). See Buhrstone. Bur¶ro (?), n. [Sp., an ass.] (Zo”l.) A donkey. [Southern U.S.] Bur¶rock (?), n. [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + Ïock.] A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed. Knight. Bur¶row (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough. 2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation. 3. (Mining) A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse. 4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5. Bur¶row, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burrowed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burrowing.] 1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits. 2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owlÿ(Zo”l.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog. Bur¶rowÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under groundÿand lives in it. Burr¶stone·, n. See Buhrstone. Burr¶y (?), a. Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool. ØBur¶sa (?), n.; pl. Burs‘ (?). [L. See Burse.] (Anat.) Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences. Bur¶sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs‘. Bur¶sar (?), n. [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf. Purser.] 1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery. 2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support. Bur¶sarÏship, n. The office of a bursar. Bur¶saÏry (?), n.; pl. Ïries (?). [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.] 1. The treasury of a college or monastery. 2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. ½No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift.¸ Southey. ØBursch (?), n.; pl. Burschen (?). [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See Burse.] A youth; especially, a student in a german university. Burse (?), n. [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch, Purse.] 1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.] Holland. 2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.] 3. (Eccl.) An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use. Shipley. 4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse. 5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.] She says she went to the burse for patterns. Old Play. BurÏsic¶uÏlate (?), a. [See Burse.] (Bot.) Bursiform. Bur¶siÏform (?), a. [LL. bursa purse + Ïform.] Shaped like a purse. ØBurÏsi¶tis (?), n. [NL., fr. E. bursa + Ïitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a bursa. Burst (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burst; p.pr. & vb.n. Bursting. The past participle bursten is obsolete.] [OE. bersten, bresten, AS. berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. b‘rst, imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan, Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.] 1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especiallyÿto a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak. 2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; Ð usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.

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Burst (?), v.t. 1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors. My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak. 2. To break. [Obs.] You will not pay for the glasses you have burst? Shak. He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso). 3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge. Burst, n. 1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration. Bursts of foxÐhunting melody. W.Irving. 2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed. 3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] ½A fine burst of country.¸ Jane Austen. 4. A rupture of hernia; a breach. Burst¶en (?), p.p. of Burst, v.i. [Obs.] Burst¶er (?), n. One that bursts. Burst¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Herniaria glabra) supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture. Burt (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Birt. [Prov. Eng.] Bur¶then (?), n. & v.t. See Burden. [Archaic] Bur¶ton (?), n. [Cf. OE. & Prov. E. bortÿto press or indent anything.] (Naut.) A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part. Bur¶y (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; Ð used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury, Shrewsbury. 2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.] To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury, in some parts of England. Miege. Bur¶y (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buried (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burying (?).] [OE. burien, birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin to beorgan to protect, OHG. bergan, G. bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga, Dan. bierge, Goth. ba¡rgan. û95. Cf. Burrow.] 1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands. And all their confidence Under the weight of mountains buried deep. Milton. 2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place,ÿwith funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume. Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. Matt.viii.21. I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave. Shak. 3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury strife. Give me a bowl of wine In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Shak. Burying beetleÿ(Zo”l.), the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; Ð so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larv‘ frrd upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers. Ð To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; Ð a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace. Syn. - To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress. Bur¶yÏing ground·, Bur¶yÏing place. The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place. Bus (?), n. [Abbreviated from omnibus.] An omnibus. [Colloq.] Bus¶by (?), n.; pl. Busbies (?). (Mil.) A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder. ØBus¶con (?), n. [Sp., a searcher, fr. buscar to search.] One who searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.] Bush (?), n. [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b?skr, b?ski, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form i? the original is uncertain; if the LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. box a case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.] 1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest. µ This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush. 2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs. To bind a bush of thorns among sweetÐsmelling flowers. Gascoigne. 3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to support pea vines. 4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branchÿof ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself. If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue. Shak. 5. (Hunting) The tail, or brush, of a fox. To beat about the bush, to approach anything in a roundÐabout manner, instead of coming directly to it; Ð a metaphor taken from hunting. Ð Bush beanÿ(Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1. Ð Bush buck, or Bush goat (Zo”l.), a beautiful South African antelope (Tragelaphus sylvaticus); Ð so called because found mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to otherÿspecies. Ð Bush cat (Zo”l.), the serval. See Serval. Ð Bush chat (Zo”l.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush family. Ð Bush dog. (Zo”l.) See Potto. Ð Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary. Ð Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow. Ð Bush hog (Zo”l.), a South African wild hog (PotamochÒrus Africanus); Ð called also bush pig, and water hog. Ð Bush master (Zo”l.), a venomous snake (Lachesis mutus) of Guinea; Ð called also surucucu. Ð Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed. Ð Bush shrike (Zo”l.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied genera; Ð called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America. Ð Bush titÿ(Zo”l.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied to the titmouse. P. minimus inhabits California. Bush (?), v.i. To branch thickly in the manner of a bush. ½The bushing alders.¸ Pope. Bush, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bushed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bushing.] 1. To set bushes for; to support with bushes; as, to bush peas. 2. To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; as, to bush a piece of land; to bush seeds into the ground. Bush, n. [D. bus a box, akin to E. box; or F. boucher to plug.] 1. (Mech.) A lining for a hole to make it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot or arbor. Knight. µ In the larger machines, such a piece is called a box, particularly in the United States. 2. (Gun.) A piece of ??pper, screwed into a gun, through which the venthole is bored. Farrow. Bush, v.t. To furnish with a bush, or lining; as, to bush a pivot hole. Bush¶boy (?), n. See Bushman. Bush¶el (?), n. [OE. buschel, boischel, OF. boissel, bussel, boistel, F. boisseau, LL. bustellus; dim. of bustia, buxida (OF. boiste), fr. pyxida, acc. of L. pyxis box, Gr. ?. Cf. Box.] 1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirtyÐtwo quarts. µ The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18? inches in internal diameter and eight inches in depth. The standard bushel measures, prepared by the United States Government and distributed to the States, hold each 77.6274 pounds of distilled water, at 39.8ø Fahr. and 30 inches atmospheric pressure, being the equivalent of the Winchester bushel. The imperial bushel now in use in England is larger than the Winchester bushel, containing 2218.2 cubic inches, or 80 pounds of water at 62ø Fahr. 2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure. Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick? Mark iv.21. 3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as, a heap containing ten bushels of apples. µ In the United States a large number of articles, bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel. 4. A large indefinite quantity. [Colloq.] The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces. Dryden. 5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. [Eng.] In the United States it is called a box. See 4th Bush. Bush¶elÏage (?), n. A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. [Eng.] Bush¶elÏman (?), n. A tailor's assistant for repairing garments; Ð called also busheler. [Local, U.S.] Bush¶et (?), n. [See Bosket.] A small bush. Bush¶fight·er (?), n. One accustomed to bushfighting. Parkman. Bush¶fight·ing (?), n. Fighting in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets. Bush¶ham·mer (?), n. A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a number of rows of such points; Ð used for dressing stone. Bush¶ham·mer, v.t. To dress with bushhammer; as, to bushhammer a block of granite. Bush¶iÏness (?), n. The condition or quality of being bushy. Bush¶ing, n. [See 4th Bush.] 1. The operation of fitting bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc. 2. (Mech.) A bush or lining; Ð sometimes called ? thimble. See 4th Bush. Bush¶less (?), a. Free from bushes; bare. O'er the long backs of the bushless downs. Tennyson. Bush¶man (?), n.; pl. Bushmen (?). [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See 1st Bush.] 1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush. 2. (Ethnol.) One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people. Bush¶ment (?), n. [OE. busshement ambush, fr. bush.] 1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Obs.] Raleigh. 2. An ambuscade. [Obs.] Sir T.More. Bush¶ran·ger (?), n. One who roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in Australia, an escaped criminal living in the bush. Bush¶whack·er (?), n. 1. One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes. [U.S.] They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight. W.Irving. 2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its sympathizers. [U.S.] Farrow. Bush¶whack·ing, n. 1. Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a stream. [U.S.] T.Flint. 2. The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers. [U.S.] Bush¶y (?), a. [From 1st Bush.] 1. Thick and spreading, like a bush. ½Bushy eyebrows.¸ Irving. 2. Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs. Dingle, or bushy dell, of this wild wood. Milton. Bus¶iÏly (?), adv. In a busy manner. Busi¶ness (?), n.; pl. Businesses (?). [From Busy.] 1. That which busies one, or that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; as, the business of life; business before pleasure. Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business? Luke ii.49. 2. Any particular occupation or employment engaged in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a profession. ½The business of instruction.¸ Prescott. 3. Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general; mercantile transactions. It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any degree of reputation for their knowledge of business. Bp. Popteus. 4. That which one has to do or should do; special service, duty, or mission. The daughter of the King of France, On serious business, craving quick despatch, Importunes personal conference. Shak. What business has the tortoise among the clouds? L'Estrange. 5. Affair; concern; matter; Ð used in an indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words. It was a gentle business, and becoming The action of good women. Shak. Bestow Your needful counsel to our business. Shak. 6. (Drama) The position, distribution, and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as determined by the stage manager in rehearsal. 7. Care; anxiety; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer. To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. Ð To make (a thing) one's business, to occupy one's self with a thing as a special charge or duty. [Colloq.] Ð To mean business, to be earnest. [Colloq.] Syn. - Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement; employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation; office; duty. Busi¶nessÏlike· (?), a. In the manner of one transacting business wisely and by right methods. Busk (?), n. [F. busc, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E. bois wood, because the first busks were made of wood. See Bush, and cf. OF. busche, F. b–che, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same root.] A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset. Her long slit sleeves, stiff busk, puff verdingall, Is all that makes her thus angelical. Marston. Busk, v.t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Busked (?).] [OE. busken, fr. Icel. b?ask to make one's self ready, rexlexive of b?a to prepare, dwell. Cf. 8th Bound.] 1. To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress. [Scot. & Old Eng.] Busk you, busk you, my bonny, bonny bride. Hamilton. 2. To go; to direct one's course. [Obs.] Ye might have busked you to Huntly banks. Skelton. Busked (?), a. Wearing a busk. Pollok. Bus¶ket (?), n. [See Bosket, Bouquet.] 1. A small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A part of a garden devoted to shrubs. [R.] Bus¶kin (?), n. [Prob. from OF. brossequin, or D. broosken. See Brodekin.] 1. A strong, protecting covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg. The hunted red deer's undressed hide Their hairy buskins well supplied. Sir W.Scott. 2. A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; Ð worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy. Great Fletcher never treads in buskins here, No greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryden. Bus¶kined (?), a. 1. Wearing buskins. Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn. Pope. 2. Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy. ½The buskined stage.¸ Milton. Bus¶ky (?), a. See Bosky, and 1st Bush, n. Shak. Buss (?), n. [OE. basse, fr. L. basium; cf. G. bus (Luther), Prov. G. busserl, dim. of bus kiss, bussen to kiss, Sw. puss kiss, pussa to kiss, W. & Gael. bus lip, mouth.] A kiss; a rude or playful kiss; a smack. Shak.

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Buss (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bussed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bussing.] To kiss; esp. to kiss with a snÏmack, or rudely. ½Nor bussed the milking maid.¸ Tennyson. Kissing and bussing differ both in this, We buss our wantons, but our wives we kiss. Herrick. Buss, n. [Cf. OF. busse, Pr. bus, LL. bussa, busa, G. bse, D. buis.] (Naut.) A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; Ð used in the herring fishery. The Dutch whalers and herring busses. Macaulay. Bust (?), n. [F. buste, fr. It. busto; cf. LL. busta, bustula, box, of the same origin as E. box a case; cf., for the change of meaning, E. chest. See Bushel.] 1. A piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast. Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust The faithless column, and the crumbling bust. Pope. 2. The portion of the human figure included between the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body. Bus¶tard (?), n. [OF. & Prov. F. bistarde, F. outarde, from L. avis tarda, lit., slow bird. Plin. 10, 22; ½proxim‘ its sunt, quas Hispania aves tardas appellat, Gr‘cia ?.¸] (Zo”l.) A birdÿof the genus Otis. µ The great or bearded bustard (Otis tarda) is the largest game bird in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, and was formerly common in Great Britain. The little bustard (O. tetrax) inhabits eastern Europe and Morocco. Many otherÿspecies are known in Asia and Africa. Bus¶ter (?), n. Something huge; a roistering blade; also, a spree. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett. Bus¶tle (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bustled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bustling (?).] [Cf. OE. buskle, perh. fr. AS. bysig busy, bysgÐianÿto busy + the verbal termination Ïle; or Icel. bustla to splash, bustle.] To move noisily; to be rudely active; to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; as, to bustle through a crowd. And leave the world for me to bustle in. Shak. Bus¶tle, n. Great stir; agitation; tumult from stirring or excitement. A strange bustle and disturbance in the world. South. Bus¶tle, n. A kind of pad or cushion worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to the skirts; Ð called also bishop, and tournure. Bus¶tler (?), n. An active, stirring person. Bus¶tling (?), a. Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; as, a bustling crowd. ½A bustling wharf.¸ Hawthorne. ØBus¶to (?), n.; pl. Bustoes (?). [It.] A bust; a statue. With some antick bustoes in the niches. Ashmole. Bus¶y (?), a. [OE. busi, bisi, AS. bysig; akin to D. bezig, LG. besig; cf. Skr. bh?shÿto be active, busy.] 1. Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle nor at leisure; as, a busy merchant. Sir, my mistress sends you word THat she is busy, and she can not come. Shak. 2. Constantly at work; diligent; active. Busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. Religious motives ... are so busy in the heart. Addison. 3. Crowded with business or activities; Ð said of places and times; as, a busy street. ToÐmorrow is a busy day. Shak. 4. Officious; meddling; foolish active. On meddling monkey, or on busy ape. Shak. 5. Careful; anxious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. - Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied; engaged. Bus¶y (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Busied (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Busying.] [AS. bysgian.] To make or keep busy; to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; as, to busy one's self with books. Be it thy course to busy giddy minds With foreign quarrels. Shak. Bus¶yÏbod·y (?), n.; pl. Busybodies (?). One who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a meddling person. And not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not. 1 Tim.v.13. But (?), prep., adv. & conj. [OE. bute, buten, AS. b?tan, without, on the outside, except, besides; pref. beÏ + ?tan outward, without, fr. ?t out. Primarily, b?tan, as well as ?t, is an adverb. û198. See By, Out; cf. About.] 1. Except with; unless with; without. [Obs.] So insolent that he could not go but either spurning equals or ?ampling on his inferiors. Fuller. Touch not the cat but a glove. Motto of the Mackintoshes. 2. Except; besides; save. Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon? E.Smith. µ In this sense, but is often used with other particles, as, but for, without, had it not been for. ½Uncre?ted but for love divine.¸ Young. 3. Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that; were it not that; unless; Ð elliptical, for but that. And but my noble Moor is true of mind ... it were enough to put him to ill thinking. Shak. 4. Otherwise than that; that not; Ð commonly, after a negative, with that. It cannot be but nature hatj some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways. Hooker. There is no question but the king of Spain will reform most of the abuses. Addison. 5. Only; solely; merely. Observe but how their own principles combat one another. Milton. If they kill us, we shall but die. 2 Kings vii.4. A formidable man but to his friends. Dryden. 6. On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet; still; however; nevertheless; more; further; Ð as connective of sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less exceptive or adversative; as, the House of Representatives passed the bill, but the Senate dissented; our wants are many, but quite of another kind. Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity. 1 Cor.xiii.13. When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom. Prov.xi.2. All but. See under All. Ð But and if, but if; an attempt on the part of King James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and adversative force of the Greek ?. But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; ... the lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him. Luke xii.45, 46. Ð But if, unless. [Obs.] Chaucer. But this I read, that but if remedy Thou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see. Spenser. Syn. - But, However, Still. These conjunctions mark opposition in passing from one thought or topic to another. But marks the opposition with a medium degree of strength; as, this is not winter, but it is almost as cold; he requested my assistance, but I shall not aid him at present. However is weaker, and throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; as, this is not winter; it is, however, almost as cold; he required my assistance; at present, however, I shall not afford him aid. The plan, however, is still under consideration, and may yet be adopted. Still is stronger than but, and marks the opposition more emphatically; as, your arguments are weighty; still they do not convince me. See Except, However. µ ½The chief error with but is to use it where and is enough; an error springing from the tendency to use strong words without sufficient occasio,.¸ Bain. But (?), n. [Cf. But, prep., adv. & conj.] The outer apartment or kitchen of a twoÐroomed house; Ð opposed to ben, the inner room. [Scot.] But, n. [See 1st But.] 1. A limit; a boundary. 2. The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st Butt. But end, the larger or thicker end; as, the but end of a log; the but end of a musket. See Butt, n. But, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Butted; p.pr. & vb.n. Butting.] See Butt, v., and Abut, v. Bu¶tane (?), n. [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] (Chem.) An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C?H?, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series. Butch¶er (?), n. [OE. bochere, bochier, OF. bochier, F. boucher, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF. boc, F. bouc, a buck goat; of German or Celtic origin. See Buck the animal.] 1. One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for food. 2. A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as in battle. ½Butcher of an innocent child.¸ Shak. Butcher bird (Zo”l.), a species of shrike of the genus Lanius. µ The Lanius excubitor is the common butcher birdÿof Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes called the lesser butcher bird. The American species are L.borealis, or northernbutcher bird, and L. Ludovicianus or loggerhead shrike. The name butcher birdis derived from its habit of suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it. Ð Butcher's meat, such flesh of animals slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as beef, mutton, lamb, and pork. Butch¶er, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Butchered (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Butchering.] 1. To kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; as, to butcher hogs. 2. To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually bloody or barbarous manner. Macaulay. [Ithocles] was murdered, rather butchered. Ford. Butch¶erÏing, n. 1. The business of a butcher. 2. The act of slaughtering; the act of killing cruelly and needlessly. That dreadful butchering of one another. Addison. Butch¶erÏliÏness (?), n. Butchery quality. Butch¶erÏly, a. Like a butcher; without compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell. ½The victim of a butcherly murder.¸ D.Webster. What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly, This deadly quarrel daily doth beget! Shak. Butch¶er's broom· (?). (Bot.) A genus of plants (Ruscus); esp. R. aculeatus, which has large red berries and leaflike branches. See Cladophyll. Butch¶erÏy (?), n. [OE. bocherie shambles, fr. F. boucherie. See Butcher, n.] 1. The business of a butcher. [Obs.] 2. Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter. Shak. The perpetration of human butchery. Prescott. 3. A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where blood is shed. [Obs.] Like as an ox is hanged in the butchery. Fabyan. Syn. - Murder; slaughter; carnage. See Massacre. But¶ler (?), n. [OE. boteler, F. bouteillier a bottleÐbearer, a cupbearer, fr. LL. buticularius, fr. buticula bottle. See Bottle a hollow vessel.] An officer in a king's or a nobleman's household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house. The butler and the baker of the king of Egypt. Gen.xl.5. Your wine locked up, your butler strolled abroad. Pope. But¶lerÏage (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by merchant strangers; Ð so called because paid to the king's butler for the king. Blackstone. But¶lerÏship, n. The office of a butler. But¶ment (?), n. [Abbreviation of Abutment.] 1. (Arch.) A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier. 2. (Masonry) The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is supported. Butment cheek (Carp.), the part of a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the shoulders of the tenon bear. Knight. Butt, But (?), n. [F. but butt, aim (cf. butte knoll), or bout, OF. bot, end, extremity, fr. boter, buter, to push, butt, strike, F. bouter;ÿof German origin; cf. OHG. bÓzan, akin to E. beat. See Beat, v.t.] 1. A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end. Here is my journey's end, here my butt And very sea mark of my utmost sail. Shak. µ As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with mete, and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal. 2. The thicker end of anything. See But. 3. A mark to be shot at; a target. Sir W.Scott. The groom his fellow groom at butts defies, And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes. Dryden. 4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; as, the butt of the company. I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I thought very smart. Addison. 5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal; as, the butt of a ram. 6. A thrust in fencing. To prove who gave the fairer butt, John shows the chalk on Robert's coat. Prior. 7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field. The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in cornfields. Burrill. 8. (Mech.) (a) A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing or chamfering; Ð also called butt joint. (b) The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib. (c) The portion of a half?coupling fastened to the end of a hose. 9. (Shipbuilding) The joint where two planks in a strake meet. 10. (Carp.) A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; Ð so named because fastened on the edge of the door, which butts against the casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called butt hinge. 11. (Leather Trade) The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots, harness, trunks. 12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in rifle practice. Butt chain (Saddlery), a short chain attached to the end of a tug. Ð Butt end. The thicker end of anything. See Butt end, under 2d But. Amen; and make me die a good old man! That's the butt end of a mother's blessing. Shak. A butt's length, the ordinary distance from the placeÿof shooting to the butt, or mark. Ð Butts and bounds (COnveyancing), abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, butts are the lines at the ends (F. bouts), and bounds are those on the sides, or sidings, as they were formerly termed. Burrill. Ð Bead and butt. See under Bead. Ð Butt and butt, joining end to end without overlapping, as planks. Ð Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See Weld. Ð Full butt, headfirst with full force. [Colloq.] ½The corporal ... ran full butt at the lieutenant.¸ Marryat. Butt, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Butted; p.pr. & vb.n. Butting.] [OE. butten, OF. boterÿto push, F. bouter. See Butt an end, and cf. Boutade.] 1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut. [Written also but.] And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's wellÐwatered ground. Drayton. 2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See Butt, n.] A snowÐwhite steer before thine altar led, Butts with his threatening brows. Dryden. Butt, v.t. To strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the head. Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. Sir H.Wotton. Butt, n. [F. botte, boute, LL. butta. Cf. Bottle a hollow vessel.] A large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two hogsheads. µ A wine butt contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer butt 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons). Butt, n. (Zo”l.) The common English flounder. ØButte (?), n. [F. See Butt a bound.] A detached low mountain, or high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding plain; Ð applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain region. The creek ... passes by two remarkable buttes of red conglomerate. Ruxton.

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But¶ter (?), n. [OE. botere, butter, AS. butere, fr. L. butyrum, Gr. ?; either fr. ? ox, cow + ? cheese; or, perhaps, of Scythian origin. Cf. Cow.] 1. An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by churning. 2. Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chloridess, as butter of antimony, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao, vegetable butter, shea butter. Butter and eggs (Bot.), a name given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow, as Narcissus incomparabilis, and in the United States to the toadflax (Linaria vulgaris). Ð Butter boat, a small vessel for holding melted butter at table. Ð Butter flower, the buttercup, a yellow flower. Ð Butter print, a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; Ð called also butter stamp. Locke. Ð Butter tooth, either of the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. Ð Butter treeÿ(Bot.), a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of India is the B. butyracea; that of Africa is the Shea tree (B. Parkii). See Shea tree. Ð Butter trier, a tool used in sampling butter. Ð Butter wife, a woman who makes or sells butter; Ð called also butter woman. [Obs. or Archaic] But¶ter, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buttered (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buttering.] 1. To cover or spread with butter. I know what's what. I know on which side My bread is buttered. Ford. 2. To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every game. [Cant] Johnson. Butt¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, butts. But¶terÏball· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The buffel duck. But¶terÏbird· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The rice bunting or bobolink; Ð so called in the island of Jamaica. But¶terÏbump· (?), n. [OE. butturÿthe bittern + 5th bump.] (Zo”l.) The European bittern. Johnson. But¶terÏbur· (?), n. (Bot.) A broadÐleaved plant (Petasites vulgaris) of the Composite family, said to have been used in England for wrapping up pats of butter. But¶terÏcup· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Ranunculus, or crowfoot, particularly R. bulbosus, with bright yellow flowers; Ð called also butterflower, golden cup, and kingcup. It is the cuckoobud of Shakespeare. But¶terÐfin·gered (?), a. Apt to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery; careless. But¶terÏfish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A name given to several different fishes, in allusion to their slippery coating of mucus, as the Stromateus triacanthus of the Atlantic coast, the Epinephelus punctatus of the southern coast, the rock eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand. But¶terÏfly· (?), n.; pl. Butterflies (?). [Perh. from the color of a yellow species. AS. buterÐflÇge, buttorÐfle¢ge; cf. G. butterfliege, D. botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly.] (Zo”l.) A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera. [ See Illust. under Aphrodite.] Asclepias butterfly. See under Asclepias. Ð Butterfly fishÿ(Zo”l.), the ocellated blenny (Blennius ocellaris) of Europe. See Blenny. The term is also applied to the flying gurnard. Ð Butterfly shellÿ(Zo”l.), a shell of the genus Voluta. Ð Butterfly valve (Mech.), a kind of double clack valve, consisting of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in the pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in shape. But¶terÏine (?), n. A substance prepared from animal fat with some other ingredients intermixed, as an imitation of butter. The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to England, Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into butter, which is sold as butterine or suine. Johnson's Cyc. But¶terÏis (?), n. [The same word as buttress, noun, in a different application, F. bouter to push.] (Far.) A steel cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is operated by a thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of horses. But¶terÏman· (?), n.; pl. Buttermen (?). A man who makes or sells butter. But¶terÏmilk· (?), n. The milk that mains after the butter is separated from the cream. But¶terÏnut· (?), n. 1. (Bot.) An American tree (Juglans cinerea) of the Walnut family, and its edible fruit; Ð so called from the oil contained in the latter. Sometimes called oil nutÿand white walnut. 2. (Bot.) The nut of the Caryocar butyrosumÿand C. nuciferum, of S. America; Ð called also Souari nut. But¶terÐscotch· (?), n. A kind of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter. [Colloq.] Dickens. But¶terÏweed· (?), n. (Bot.) An annual composite plant of the Mississippi valley (Senecio lobatus). But¶terÏweight· (?), n. Over weight. Swift. µ Formerly it was a custom to give 18 ounces of butter for a pound. But¶terÏwort· (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of low herbs (Pinguicula) having simple leaves which secrete from their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which insects adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North Temperate zone. But¶terÏy (?), a. Having the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter. But¶terÏy, n.; pl. Butteries (?). [OE. botery, botry; cf. LL. botaria wine vessel; also OE. botelerie, fr. F. bouteillerie, fr. boutellie bottle. Not derived from butter. See Bottle a hollow vessel, Butt a cask.] 1. An apartment in a house where butter, milk and other provisions are kept. All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries, and butteries, to the north. Sir H.Wotton. 2. A room in some English colleges where liquors, fruit, and refreshments are kept for sale to the students. And the major Oxford kept the buttery bar. E.Hall. 3. A cellar in which butts of wine are kept. Weale. Buttery hatch, a half door between the buttery or kitchen and the hall, in old mansions, over which provisions were passed. Wright. Butt¶ hinge· (?). See 1st Butt, 10. But¶Ðthorn· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The common European starfish (Asterias rubens). But¶ting (?), n. An abuttal; a boundary. Without buttings or boundings on any side. Bp. Beveridge. But¶ting joint·. A joint between two pieces of timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts and braces form with the truss posts; Ð sometimes called abutting joint. Butt¶ joint· (?). A joint in which the edges or ends of the pieces united come squarely together instead of overlapping. See 1st Butt, 8. But¶tock (?), n. [From Butt an end.] 1. The part at the back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the rounded protuberances on which he sits; the rump. 2. (Naut.) The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern. Mar. Dict. But¶ton (?), n. [OE. boton, botoun, F. bouton button, bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. bouterÿto push. See Butt an end.] 1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass. 2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; Ð used also for ornament. 3. A bud; a germ of a plant. Shak. 4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door. 5. A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or in a crucible, after fusion. Button hook, a hook for catching a button and drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves. Ð Button shellÿ(Zo”l.), a small, univalve marine shell of the genus Rotella. Ð Button snakeroot. (Bot.) (a) The American composite genus Liatris, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. (b) An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense heads. Ð Button tree (Bot.), a genus of trees (Conocarpus), furnishing durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies. Ð To hold by the button, to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; to buttonhole. But¶ton, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buttoned (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buttoning (?).] [OE. botonen, OF. botoner, F. boutonner. See Button, n.] 1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; Ð often followed by up. He was a tall, fat, longÐbodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a tight green coat. Dickens. 2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.] Shak. But¶ton, v.i. To be fastened by a button or buttons; as, the coat will not button. But¶tonÏball· (?), n. (Bot.) See Buttonwood. But¶tonÏbush· (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Cephalanthus occidentalis) growing by the waterside; Ð so called from its globular head of flowers. See Capitulum. But¶tonÏhole· (?), n. The hole or loop in which a button is caught. But¶tonÏhole·, v.t. To hold at the button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation to werariness; to bore; as, he buttonholed me a quarter of an hour. But¶tonÏmold· (?), n. A disk of bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a button by covering it with cloth. [Written also buttonmould.] Fossil buttonmolds, joints of encrinites. See Encrinite. But¶tons (?), n. A boy servant, or page, Ð in allusion to the buttons on his livry. [Colloq.] Dickens. But¶tonÏweed· (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several plants of the genera Spermacoce and Diodia, of the Madder family. But¶tonÏwood· (?), n. (Bot.) The Platanus occidentalis, or American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from which it is named; Ð called also buttonball tree, and, in some parts of the United States, sycamore. The California buttonwood is P. racemosa. But¶tonÏy (?), a. Ornamented with a large number of buttons. ½The buttony boy.¸ Thackeray. ½My coat so blue and buttony.¸ W.S.Gilbert. But¶tress (?), n. [OE. butrasse, boterace, fr. F. bouterÿto push; cf. OF. bouteret (nom. sing. and acc. pl. bouterez) buttress. See Butt an end, and cf. Butteris.] 1. (Arch.) A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry. µ When an external projection is used merely to stiffen a wall, it is a pier. 2. Anything which supports or strengthens. ½The ground pillar and buttress of the good old cause of nonconformity.¸ South. Flying buttress. See Flying buttress. But¶tress (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buttressed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buttressing.] To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly. To set it upright again, and to prop and buttress it up for duration. Burke. Butt¶ shaft· (?) An arrow without a barb, for shooting at butts; an arrow. [Also but shaft.] Shak. Butt¶ weld· (?). See Butt weld, under Butt. Butt¶weld·, v.t. To unite by a butt weld. But¶ty (?), n. (Mining) One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or ore. Bu¶tyl (?), n. [L. butyrum butter + Ïyl. See Butter.] (Chem.) A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen. Bu¶tyÏlene (?), n. [From Butyl.] (Chem.) Any one of three metameric hydrocarbons, C?H?, of the ethylene series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable. Bu·tyÏra¶ceous (?), a. [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter. Bu¶tyÏrate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of butyric acid. BuÏtyr¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, butter. Butyric acid, C?H?.CO?H, an acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste, like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called in distinction the normalÏ and isoÐbutyric acid. The normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid butter. Bu¶tyÏrin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in small quantity in milk, which helps to give to butter its peculiar flavor. Bu·tyÏrom¶eÏter (?), n. [L. butyrum butter + Ïmeter.] An instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or butter contained in a sample of milk. Bu¶tyÏrone (?), n. [Butyric + Ïone.] (Chem.) A liquid ketone obtained by heating calcium butyrate. Bu¶tyÏrous (?), a. Butyraceous. Bux¶eÏous (?), a. [L. buxeus, fr. buxusÿthe box tree.] Belonging to the box tree. Bux¶ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the Buxus sempervirens, or common box tree. It is identical with bebeerine; Ð called also buxina. Bux¶om (?), a. [OE. buxum, boxom, buhsum, pliable, obedient, AS. bÓcsum, b?hsum (akin to D. buigzaam blexible, G. biegsam); b?gan to bow, bend + Ïsum, E. Ïsome. See Bowÿto bend, and Ïsome.] 1. Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek; humble. [Obs.] So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be, And buxom to his bands, is joy to see. Spenser. I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever buxom and obedient to the ordinance of it. Foxe. 2. Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner? stout and rosy; jolly; frolicsome. A daughter fair, So buxom, blithe, and debonair. Milton. A parcel of buxom bonny dames, that were laughing, singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long. Tatler. Ð Bux¶omÏly, adv. Ð Bux¶omÏness, n. Buy (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bought (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buying (?).] [OE. buggen, buggen, bien, AS. bycgan, akin to OS. buggean, Goth. bugjan.] 1. To acquire the ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by the payment of a price or value; to purchase; Ð opposed to sell. Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries. B.Franklin. 2. To acquire or procure by something given or done in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or sacrifice; to buy pleasure with pain. Buy the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding. Prov.xxiii.23. To buy again. See Againbuy. [Obs.] Chaucer.Ð To buy off. (a) To influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration; as, to buy off conscience. (b) To detach by a consideration given; as, to buy off one from a party. Ð To buy out. (a) To buy off, or detach from. Shak. (b) To purchase the share or shares of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place; as, A buys out B. (c) To purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a business. Ð To buy in, to purchase stock in any fund or partnership. Ð To buy on credit, to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day. Ð To buy the refusal (of anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing, at a fixed price, at a future time. Buy, v.i. To negotiate or treat about a purchase. I will buy with you, sell with you. Shak. Buy¶er (?), n. One who buys; a purchaser. Buz (?), v. & n. See Buzz. [Obs.] Buzz (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Buzzed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Buzzing.] [An onomatopÒia.] To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low, humming voice. Like a wasp is buzzed, and stung him. Longfellow. However these disturbers of our peace Buzz in the people's ears. Shak. Buzz, v.t. 1. To sound forth by buzzing. Shak. 2. To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an under tone; to spread, as report, by whispers, or secretly. I will buzz abroad such prophecies That Edward shall be fearful of his life. Shak. 3. To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a low humming voice. [Colloq.] 4. (Phonetics) To sound with a ½buzz¸. H.Sweet. Buzz, n. 1. A continuous, humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general conversation in low

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tones, or of a general expression of surprise or approbation. ½The constant buzz of a fly.¸ Macaulay. I found the whole room in a buzz of politics. Addison. There is a buzz all around regarding the sermon. Thackeray. 2. A whisper; a report spread secretly or cautiously. There's a certain buzz Of a stolen marriage. Massinger. 3. (Phonetics) The audible friction of voice consonants. H. Sweet. Buz¶zard(?),n.[O.E.busard,bosard,F. busard, fr. buse, L.buteo, a kind of falcon or hawk.] 1. (Zo”l.) A bird of prey of the Hawk family, belonging to the genus Buteo and related genera. µ The Buteo vulgaris is the common buzzard of Europe. The American species (of which the most common are B.borealis, B.Pennsylvanicus, and B.lineatus) are usually called hen hawks.Ð The roughÐlegged buzzard, or bee hawk, of Europe (Pernis apivorus) feeds on bees and their larv‘, with other insects, and reptiles.Ð The moor buzzard of Europe is Circus ‘ruginosus. See Turkey buzzard, and Carrion buzzard. Bald buzzard, the fishhawk or osprey. See Fishhawk. 2. A blockhead; a dunce. It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught, or who continues obstinately ignorant, a buzzard. Goldsmith. Buz¶zard, a. Senseless; stupid. [R.& Obs.] Milton. Buz¶zardÏet· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A hawk resembling the buzzard, but with legs relatively longer. Buzz¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer. And wants not buzzers to infect his ear With pestilent speeches of his father's death. Shak. Buzz¶ingÏly (?), adv. In a buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound. Buzz¶saw· (?) A circular saw; Ð so called from the buzzing it makes when running at full speed. By (?), prep. [ OE. bi, AS. bÆ, big, near to, by, of, from, after, according to; akin to OS.& OFries. bi, be, D. bij, OHG. bÆ, G. bie, Goth. bi, and perh. Gr.?. E. prefix beÐ is orig.the same word. ? See pref. BeÐ.] 1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me. By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both. Milton. 2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5. Long labors both by sea and land he bore. Dryden. By land, by water, they renew the charge. Pope. 3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church. 4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty. 5. Against. [Obs.] Tyndale [1.Cor.iv.4]? 6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force. To the meaning of by, as denoting means or agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses of the word: (a) It points out the author and producer; as, ½Waverley¸, a novel by Sir W.Scott; a statue by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven. (b) In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you by all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as a Christian; no, by Heaven. (c) According to; by direction, authority, or example of; after; Ð in such phrases as, it appears by his account; ten o'clock by my watch; to live by rule; a model to build by. (d) At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth by the yard, milk by the quart, eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to board by the year. (e) In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger by a half; older by five years; to lessen by a third. (f) It expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, by day, by night. (g) As soon as; not later than; near or at; Ð used in expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had risen; he will be here by two o'clock. In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north by east, i.e., a point towards the east from the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point nearer the east than northeast is. µ With is used instead of by before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat one with a stick; the board was fastened by the carpenter with nails. But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as instruments; and whether with or by shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town by famine; to consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose by flattery; he entertained them with a story; he distressed us with or by a recital of his sufferings. see With. By all means, most assuredly; without fail; certainly. ÐBy and by. (a) Close together (of place).[Obs.] ½Two yonge knightes liggyng [lying] by and by.¸ Chaucer. (b) Immediately; at once. [Obs.] ½When ... persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended.¸ Matt. xiii.21. (c) Presently; pretty soon; before long. In this phrase, by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in time, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to ¸soon, and soon,¸ that is instantly; hence, Ð less emphatically, Ð pretty soon, presently. Ð By one's self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.Ð By the bye. See under Bye. Ð By the head (Naut.), having the bows lower than the stern; Ðsaid of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the stern.Ð By the lee, the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the other side. Ð By the run, to let go by the run, to let go altogether, instead of slacking off. Ð By the way, by the bye; Ð used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject. ÐDay by day, One by one, Piece by piece, etc., each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally. Ð To come by, to get possession of; to obtain.Ð To do by, to treat, to behave toward. Ð To set by, to value, to esteem. Ð To stand by, to aid, to support. µ The common phrase goodÐby is equivalent to farewell, and would be better written goodÐbye, as it is a corruption of God be with you (b'w'ye). By (?), adv. 1. Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time. 2. Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by. 3. Aside; as, to lay by; to put by. By (?), a. Out of the common path; aside; Ð used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, byÐline, byÐplace, byÐplay, byÐstreet. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, byÐbusiness, byÐconcernment, byÐdesign, byÐinterest, etc. By¶ard (?), n. A piece of leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in coal mines. By¶Ïbid·der (?), n. One who bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or owner, for the purpose of running up the price of articles. [U.S.] By¶Ïblow· (?), n. 1. A side or incidental blow; an accidental blow. With their byÐblows they did split the very stones in pieces. Bunyan. 2. An illegitimate child; a bastard. The Aga speedily ... brought her [his disgraced slave] to court, together with her pretty byÐblow, the present Padre Ottomano. Evelyn. By¶Ïcor·ner (?), n. A private corner. Britain being a byÐcorner, out of the road of the world. Fuller. By¶ÏdeÏpend·ence (?), n. An appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct from the main dependence; an accessory. Shak. By¶Ïdrink·ing, n. A drinking between meals. [Obs.] Bye (?), n. 1. A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or upon the bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly; by implication. [Obs. except in the phrase by the bye.] The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the discipline of the Church of England. Fuller. 2. (Cricket) A run made upon a missed ball; as, to steal a bye. T.Hughes. By the bye, in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter in hand. [Written also by the by.] Bye (?) n. [AS.b?; cf. Icel. byg? dwelling, byggia, b?a, to dwell ? 97.] 1. A dwelling. Gibson. 2. In certain games, a station or place of an individual player. Emerson. By¶ÏeÏlec¶tion (?), n. An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election. By¶Ïend· (?), n. Private end or interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage. [Written also byeÐend.] ½Profit or some other byÐend.¸ L'Estrange. By¶gone· (?), a. Past; gone by. ½Bygone fooleries.¸ Shak By¶gone· (?), n. Something gone by or past; a past event. ½Let old bygones be¸ Tennyson. Let bygones be bygones, let the past be forgotten. By¶Ïin·terÏest (?), n. SelfÐinterest; private advantage. Atterbury. By¶land(?), n. A peninsula. [Obs.] By¶landÏer(?), n. See Bilander.[Obs.] By¶Ïlane·(?), n. A private lane, or one opening out of the usual road. By¶Ïlaw·(?), n. [Cf.Sw.bylag, D.bylov, Icel.b?arl”g, fr.Sw.& Dan. by town, Icel. b‘r, byr (fr. b–a to dwell)+the word for law; hence, a law for one town, a special law. Cf.Birlaw and see Law.] 1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government. There was likewise a law to restrain the byÐlaws, or ordinances of corporations. Bacon. The law or institution; to which are added two byÐlaws, as a comment upon the general law. Addison. 2. A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and byÐlaws for the government of their members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by by, meaning secondary or aside. By¶Ïname·(?), n. A nickname. Camden. By¶name·, v.t. To give a nickname to. Camden. By¶Ïpass(?), n. (Mech.) A byÐpassage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert circulation from the usual course. By¶Ïpas·sage (?), n. A passage different from the usual one; a byway. By¶Ïpast(?), a. Past; gone by ½ByÐpast perils.¸ Shak. By¶path·(?), n.; pl. Bypaths(?). A private path; an obscure way; indirect means. God known, my son, By what bypaths, and indirect crooked ways, I met this crown. Shak. By¶Ïplace· (?), n. A retired or private place. By¶play (?), n. Action carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds. By¶Ïprod·uct (?), n. A secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal product. Byre (?), n. [Cf, Icel. br pantry, Sw. bur cage,Dan. buur, E.bower.] A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.] By¶ÏreÏspect·(?), n. Private end or view; byÐinterest. [Obs.] Dryden. By¶road·(?), n. A private or obscure road. ½Through slippery byroads¸ Swift. By¶Ïron·ic(?), a. Pertaining to, or in the style of, Lord Byron. With despair and Byronic misanthropy. Thackeray By¶Ïroom·(?), n. A private room or apartment ½Stand in some byÐroom¸ Shak. By¶Ïsmot·terÏed(?), p.a. [See Besmut.] Bespotted with mud or dirt. [Obs.] Chaucer. By¶Ïspeech·(?), n. An incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the point. ½To quote byÐspeeches.¸ Hooker. By¶Ïspell·(?), n. [AS. bigspell.] A proverb. [Obs.] Byss (?), n. See Byssus, n.,1. BysÏsa¶ceous(?), a. [From Byssus.] (Bot.) Byssuslike; consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very delicate filamentous alg‘. BysÏsif¶erÏous(?), a. [Byssus + Ðferous.] Bearing a byssus or tuft. Bys¶sin (?), n. See Byssus, n,1. Bys¶sine (?), a. [L. byssinus made of byssus, Gr.? See Byssus.] Made of silk; having a silky or flaxlike appearance. Coles. Bys¶soid(?), a. [Byssus + Ðoid.] Byssaceous. Bys¶soÏlite(?), n [Gr.? See flax + Ðlite.] (Min.) An oliveÐgreen fibrous variety of hornblende. ØBys¶sus(?), n.; pl. E. Byssuses(?); L. Byssi.(?) [L. byssus fine flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr. ? .] 1. A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or silk. [Written also byss and byssin.] 2.(Zo”l.) A tuft of long, tough filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the Pinna and Mytilus, by which they attach themselves to rocks, etc. 3. (Bot.) An obsolete name for certain fungi composed of slender threads. 4. Asbestus. By¶stand·er (?), n. [By + stander, equiv. to standerÐby; cf. AS. bigÐstandan to stand by or near.] One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with the business transacting. He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets among them. Palfrey. Syn.ÐLooker on; spectator; beholder; observer. By¶Ïstreet·(?), n. A separate, private, or obscure street; an out of the way or cross street. He seeks byÐstreets, and saves the expensive coach. Gay. By¶Ïstroke·(?), n. An accidental or a slyly given stroke. By¶Ïturn·ing(?), n. An obscure road; a way turning from the main road. Sir P.Sidney. By¶Ïview·(?), n. A private or selfish view; selfÐinterested aim or purpose. No byÐviews of his own shall mislead him. Atterbury. By¶Ïwalk·(?), n. A secluded or private walk. He moves afterward in byÐwalks. Dryden. By¶Ïwash·(?), n. ÿThe outlet from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the flow of water. By¶way·(?), n. A secluded, private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from the main one. ½ Take no byways.¸ Herbert. By¶Ïwipe·(?), n. A secret or side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm. Milton.

By¶word· (?), n. [AS.b‹word; b‹, E.by+word.] 1. A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency. I knew a wise man that had it for a byword. Bacon. 2. The object of a contemptuous saying. Thou makest us a byword among the heathen. Ps.x?iv.14 By¶work (?), n. Work aside from regular work; subordinate or secondary business. Byz¶ant(?), Byz¶anÏtine (?) n.} [OE. besant, besaunt, F. besant, fr. LL. Byzantius, Byzantinus, fr. Byzantium.] (Numis.) A gold coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. See Bezant. BiÏzan¶tian (?), a.& n. See Byzantine. ByÏzan¶tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Byzantium. Ð n. A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople. [ Written also Bizantine.] Byzantine church, the Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See under Greek.Ð Byzantine empire, the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395 to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453. Ð Byzantine historians, historians and writers (Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine empire. P.Cyc. Ð Byzantine style (Arch.), a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine empire. Its leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St.Sophia, Constantinople, and the church of St.Mark, Venice, are prominent examples of Byzantine architecture.

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C. (?) 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Laton represend the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In AngloÐSaxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conques, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek ?, ?, and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greek got it from the Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French Etymalogically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, aque; E. acrid, eagar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. See Guide to Pronunciation, ?? 221Ð228. 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or ½natural¸ scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written ? (c) The ½C clef,¸ a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle C. 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. C spring, a spring in the from of the letter C. ØCaÏa¶ba (?), n. [Ar. ka'ban, let, a square building, fr. ka'b cude] The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written also kaaba.] µThe Caaba is situated in Messa, a city of Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was an idolatrouse temple, but it has since been the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan world. Caas (?), n, sing. ? pl. Case [Obs.] Chaucer. Cab (?), n [Abrev. fr. cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheesl, usually a public vehicle. ½A cab came clattering up.¸

Thackeray. µ A cab may have two seats at right to the driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or front. Hansom cab. See Hansom. 2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station. Knight. Cab (?), n. [Heb. gab, fr. q¾bab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2,37) pints. W.H.Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25. CaÏbal¶ (?), n. [F. cabale cabal, cabala LL. cabala cabala, fr. Heb. qabb¾l?h reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. q¾bal to take or receive, in Pi‰l qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).] 1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.] Hakewill. 2. A secret. [Obs.] ½The measuring of the temple, a cabal found out but lately.¸ B.Jonson. 3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually to pronote their private views and interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few designing persons; a junto. It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, thet in 1671 the cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. Macaulay. 4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a close desing; in intrigue. By cursed cabals of women. Dryden. Syn. Ð Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy. Ð Cabal, Combination, Faction. An association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or resisting the clams of others, and may be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a combiviation of workmen or of employers to effect or to prevent a chang in prices. A cabal is a secret association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to abtain affice and power. A faction is a larger body that a cabal, employed for selfish purpoeses in agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view to chenge the existing order of things. ½Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to combinations, which belong particularly to the lower orders of society. Restlase, jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever forming cabals. Factions belong especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits for selfish parposes¸. Crabb. CaÏbal¶, v. i. [int. & p.p. Caballed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.] To unite in a small party to promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot. Caballing still against it with the great. Dryden. Cab¶aÐla (?), n. [LL. See Cabal, n.] 1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain mediaeval Christians, which treats of the nature of god and the mystery of humsn existence. It assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means. 2. Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery. Cab¶aÏlism (?), n. [Cf. F. cabalisme.] 1. The secret science of the cabalists. 2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion which one professes. [R] Emerson. Cab¶aÏlist (?), n. [Cf.F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. ½Studions cabalists.¸ Swift. Cab·aÏlis¶tic (?), Cab·aÐlis¶ticÐal (?)} a. Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an occult meaning; mysic. The Heptarchus is a cabalistic of the first chapter of Genesia.

Hallam. Caba·aÏlis¶ticÏalÏly, adv. In a cabalistic manner. Cab¶aÏlize (?), v.i. [Cf.F. cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language. [R]

Dr.H.More. CaÏbal¶ler (?), n. One who cabals. A close caballer and togueÐvaliant lord. Dryden. Cab¶alÏlineÿ(?), a. [L.caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf. Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a horse. Ðn. Caballine aloes. Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; Ð called also horse aloes. Ð Caballine spring, the fountsain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon; Ð fabled to have been formed by a stoke from the foot of the winged horse Pegasus. Cab¶aÏret (?), n. [F.] A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed. [Obs. as an English word.] ØCaÏbas¶ (?), n. [F.] A flat basket or for figs, etc.; Hence, a lady's flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; Ð often written caba. C.Bront‚. ØCaÏbas¶sonÿ(?), n. (Zo”l.) A speciec of armadillo of the genus Xenurus (X. unicinctusand X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also Kabassou.] Cab¶bage (?), n. [OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages), chou cobus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It. capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl, hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It. cappa cape. See Chiff, Cape.] (Bot.) 1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a compact head of leaves. The caulifliwer, Brussels sprouts, etc., are sonaetimes classed as cabbages. 2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage free, below. 3. The cabbage palmetto. See below. Cabbage aphis (Zo”l.), a green plantÐlouse (Aphis brassic?) which lives upon the leaves of the cabbage. Ð Cabbage Beetle (Zo”l.), a small, striped fleaÐbeetle (Phyllotreta viltat) which lives, in the larval state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage and other cruciferous plants. Ð Cabbage butterfly (Zo”l.), a white butterbly (Pieris rap? of both Europe and America, and the Allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which, in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. Ð Cabbage Fly (Zo”l.), a small twoÐwinged fly (Anthomyia brassic?), which feeds, in the larval or maggot state roots of the cabbage, often doing much damage to the crop. Ð Cabbage head, the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; Ð contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and silly person; a numskull. Ð Cabbage palmetto, a spesies of palm tree (Cabal Palmetto) found along the coast from North Carolina to Florida. Ð Cabbage rose (Bot.), a spesies of rose (Rosa centifolia) haveng large and heavy blossoms. Ð Cabbage tree, Cabbage palm, a name given to palms having a terminal bud called a cabbag, as the Sabal Palmetto of the United States, and the Euterpe oleracea and Oreodoxa oleracea of the West Indies. Ð Cabbage worm (Zo”l.), the larva of several species of moths and butterfies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is usully the larva of a white butterfly. See Cabbage Butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the stalks oryoung plants during the night, are the larv‘ of several species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See Cutworm. Ð Sea cabbage.( Bot.) (a) Sea kale (b). The original Plant (Brassica oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli, etc., have been derived by cultivation. Ð ThousandÐheadeu cabbage. See Brussels sprouts. Cab¶age, v.i. To from a head like that the cabbage; as, to make lettuce cabbage. Johnson. Cab¶bage, v.i. [imp. & p.p Cabbaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabbagingÿ3.] [F.cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas basket, and OF. cabuser to cheat.] To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer. Your tailor ... cabbages whole yards of cloth. Arbuthnot. Cab¶bage, n. Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out garments. Cab¶bler (?), n. One who works at cabbling. Cab¶bling (?), n. (Metal) The process of breaking up the flat measses into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be reheated and wrought into bar iron. ØCaÏbe¶?aÿ?, CaÏbesse¶ÿ(?), n. [Pg. cabe?a, F. cabesse.] The finest king of silk received from India. ØCa¶ber (?), n. [Gael] A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of strength. Cab·eÏzon¶ÿ(?), n. [Sp., properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zo”l.) A California fist (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the sculpin. Cab¶lÏat (?), n. [Native South American name.] (Zo”l.) The capybara. See Capybara. Cab¶in (?), n. [OF. caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane, cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the Celtic.] 1. A cottage or small house; a hum. Swift. A hunting cabin in the west. E.Everett. 2. A small room; an inclosed plase. So long in secret cabin there he held Her captive. Spenser. 3. A room in ship for officers or passengers. Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is wait on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship. Cab¶in v. i. [Imp. &p. p. Cabined (Ð?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabining.] To live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge. I'll make you ... cabin in a cave. Shak. Cab¶in, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a cabin. I am cabined, cribbed, confined, dound in To saucy doubts and fears. Shak. Cab¶iÏnetÿ3, n. [F., dim. of cabine or cabane. See Cabin, n.] 1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.] Hearken a while from thy green cabinet, The rural song of careful Colinet. Spenser. 2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet. 3. A private room in which consultations are held. Philip passed some hours every day in his father's cabinet. Prescott. 4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council. µ In England, the cabinet or cabinet council consista of those privy coucilors who actually transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley & W. Ð In the United States, the cabinet is composed of the heads of the executive departaments of the government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the PostmasterÐgeneral ,and the AttorneyÐgeneral. 5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence: (b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an ‚tagŠre or closed with doors. See Etagere. 6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the colleotion itself. Cabinet council. (a) Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which bode it was formerly the full title). (b) A meting of the cabinet. Ð Cabinet councilor, a member of a cabinet council. Ð Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than a carie de visite. Ð Cabinet picture, a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small room and for close inspection. Cab¶iÏnet, a. Suitable for a cabinet; small. Yt [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of Goethe. For. Quar. Rev. Cab¶iÏnet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n. Cabineting.] To inclose [R.] Hewyt. Cab¶iÏnetÏmak·erÿ(?), n. One whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice articles of household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc. Cab¶iÏnetÏmak·ing, n. The art or occupation of making the finer articles of household furniture. Cab¶iÏnetÏmork· (?), n. The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture. Cab·iÏre¶anÿ3, n. One of the Cabiri. ØCabÏbi¶riÿ(?), n. pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. ????????.] (Myth) Certain deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards throughout Greece; Ð also called sons of eph‘stus (or Vulcan), as begin masters of the art ofworking metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell & Scott. CaÏbir¶iÏanÿ(?), a. Same as Cabidic. CaÏbir¶icÿ3, a. [Cf. F. Cabirique] Of or pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship. [Written also Cabiritic.] Ca¶bleÿ3, n. [F. Cƒble,m LL. capulum, caplum, a rope, fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. rabel, from the French. See Capable.] 1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to retain a vesel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links. 2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with some protecting, or insulating substance; as, the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphiccable. 3. (Arch) A nolding, shaft of a column, or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; Ð called also cable molding. Bower cable, the cable belonging to the bower anchor. Ð Cable road, a railway on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by a stationary motor. Ð Cable¶s length, the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or; but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a nautical mile). Ð Cable tier. (a) That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed. (b) A coll of a cable. Ð Street cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor. Ð Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a plase sheltered from wind and heavy seas. Ð Submarina cable .See Telegraph. Ð To pay out the cable. To vear out the cable, to slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the hawse hole. Ð To serve the cable, to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being, worn or galled in the hawse, et. Ð To slip the cable, to let go the end on board and let it all run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die.

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