Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) (part 2 of 3)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) (part 2 of 3)

BeÏspit (?), v. t. [imp. Bespit; p. p. Bespit, Bespitten (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bespitting.] To daub or soil with spittle. Johnson. BeÏspoke¶ (?), imp. & p.p. of Bespeak. BeÏspot¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bespotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bespotting.] To mark with spots, or as with spots. BeÏspread¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bespread; p. pr. & vb. n. Bespreading.] To spread or cover over. The carpet which bespread His rich pavilion's floor. Glover. BeÏsprent¶ (?), p. p. [OE. bespreynt, p. p. of besprengen, bisprengen, to besprinkle, AS. besprengan, akin to D. & G. besprengen; pref. beÏ + sprengan to sprinkle. See Sprinkle.] Sprinkled over; strewed. His face besprent with liquid crystal shines. Shenstone. The floor with tassels of fir was besprent. Longfellow. BeÏsprin¶kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Besprinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Besprinkling (?).] To sprinkle over; to scatter over. The bed besprinkles, and bedews the ground. Dryden. BeÏsprin¶kler (?), n. One who, or that which, besprinkles. BeÏsprin¶kling (?), n. The act of sprinkling anything; a sprinkling over. BeÏspurt¶ (?), v. t. To spurt on or over; to asperse. [Obs.] Milton. Bes¶seÏmer steel· (?). Steel made directly from cast iron, by burning out a portion of the carbon and other impurities that the latter contains, through the agency of a blast of air which is forced through the molten metal; Ð so called from Sir Henry Bessemer, an English engineer, the inventor of the process. Best (?), a.; superl. of Good. [AS. besta, best, contr. from betest, betst, betsta; akin to Goth. batists, OHG. pezzisto, G. best, beste, D. best, Icel. beztr, Dan. best, Sw. b„st. This word has no connection in origin with good. See Better.] 1. Having good qualities in the highest degree; most good, kind, desirable, suitable, etc.; most excellent; as, the best man; the best road; the best cloth; the best abilities. When he is best, he is a little worse than a man. Shak. Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new delight. Milton. 2. Most advanced; most correct or complete; as, the best scholar; the best view of a subject. 3. Most; largest; as, the best part of a week. Best man, the only or principal groomsman at a wedding ceremony. Best, n. Utmost; highest endeavor or state; most nearly perfect thing, or being, or action; as, to do one's best; to the best of our ability. At best, in the utmost degree or extent applicable to the case; under the most favorable circumstances; as, life is at best very short. Ð For best, finally. [Obs.] ½Those constitutions ... are now established for best, and not to be mended.¸ Milton. Ð To get the best of, to gain an advantage over, whether fairly or unfairly. Ð To make the best of. (a) To improve to the utmost; to use or dispose of to the greatest advantage. ½Let there be freedom to carry their commodities where they can make the best of them.¸ Bacon. (b) To reduce to the least possible inconvenience; as, to make the best of ill fortune or a bad bargain. Best, adv.; superl. of Well. 1. In the highest degree; beyond all others. ½Thou serpent ! That name best befits thee.¸ Milton. He prayeth best, who loveth best All things both great and small. Coleridge. 2. To the most advantage; with the most success, case, profit, benefit, or propriety. Had we best retire? I see a storm. Milton. Had I not best go to her? Thackeray. 3. Most intimately; most thoroughly or correctly; as, what is expedient is best known to himself. Best, v. t. To get the better of. [Colloq.] BeÏstad¶ (?), imp. & p. p. of Bestead. Beset; put in peril. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏstain¶ (?), v. t. To stain. BeÏstar¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bestarred (?).] To sprinkle with, or as with, stars; to decorate with, or as with, stars; to bestud. ½Bestarred with anemones.¸ W. Black. BeÏstead¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bestead or Bested, also (Obs.) Bestad. In sense 3 imp. also Besteaded.] [Pref. beÏ + stead a place.] 1. To put in a certain situation or condition; to circumstance; to place. [Only in p. p.] They shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: ... and curse their king and their God. Is. viii. 21. Many far worse bestead than ourselves. Barrow. 2. To put in peril; to beset. [Only in p. p.] Chaucer. 3. To serve; to assist; to profit; to avail. Milton. Bes¶tial (?), a. [F. bestial, L. bestialis, fr. bestia beast. See Beast.] 1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts. Among the bestial herds to range. Milton. 2. Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below the dignity of reason or humanity; irrational; carnal; beastly; sensual. Shak. Syn. Ð Brutish; beastly; brutal; carnal; vile; low; depraved; sensual; filthy. Bes¶tial, n. A domestic animal; also collectively, cattle; as, other kinds of bestial. [Scot.] BesÏtial¶iÏty (?), n. [F. bestialit‚.] 1. The state or quality of being bestial. 2. Unnatural connection with a beast. Bes¶tialÏize (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bestialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bestializing.] To make bestial, or like a beast; to degrade; to brutalize. The process of bestializing humanity. Hare. Bes¶tialÏly, adv. In a bestial manner. BeÏstick¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bestuck (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Besticking.] To stick over, as with sharp points pressed in; to mark by infixing points or spots here and there; to pierce. Truth shall retire Bestuck with slanderous darts. Milton. BeÏstill¶ (?), v. t. To make still. BeÏstir¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bestirred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bestirring.] To put into brisk or vigorous action; to move with life and vigor; Ð usually with the reciprocal pronoun. You have so bestirred your valor. Shak. Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake. Milton. BeÏstorm¶ (?), v. i. & t. To storm. Young. BeÏstow¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bestowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bestowing.] [OE. bestowen; pref. beÏ + stow a place. See Stow.] 1. To lay up in store; to deposit for safe keeping; to stow; to place; to put. ½He bestowed it in a pouch.¸ Sir W. Scott. See that the women are bestowed in safety. Byron. 2. To use; to apply; to devote, as time or strength in some occupation. 3. To expend, as money. [Obs.] 4. To give or confer; to impart; Ð with on or upon. Empire is on us bestowed. Cowper. Though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor. 1 Cor. xiii. 3. 5. To give in marriage. I could have bestowed her upon a fine gentleman. Tatler. 6. To demean; to conduct; to behave; Ð followed by a reflexive pronoun. [Obs.] How might we see Falstaff bestow himself toÏnight in his true colors, and not ourselves be seen ? Shak. Syn. Ð To give; grant; present; confer; accord. BeÏstow¶al (?), n. The act of bestowing; disposal. BeÏstow¶er (?), n. One that bestows. BeÏstow¶ment (?), n. 1. The act of giving or bestowing; a conferring or bestowal. If we consider this bestowment of gifts in this view. Chauncy. 2. That which is given or bestowed. They almost refuse to give due praise and credit to God's own bestowments. I. Taylor. BeÏstrad¶dle (?), v. t. To bestride. BeÏstraught¶ (?), a. [Pref. beÏ + straught; prob. here used for distraught.] Out of one's senses; distracted; mad. [Obs.] Shak. BeÏstreak¶ (?), v. t. To streak. BeÏstrew¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Bestrewed (?); p. p. Bestrewed, Bestrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bestrewing.] To strew or scatter over; to besprinkle. [Spelt also bestrow.] Milton. BeÏstride¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Bestrode (?), (Obs. or R.) Bestrid (?); p. p. Bestridden (?), Bestrid, Bestrode; p. pr. & vb. n. Bestriding.] [AS. bestrÆdan; pref. beÏ + strÆdan to stride.] 1. To stand or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs astride; to stand over That horse that thou so often hast bestrid. Shak. Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world Like a Colossus. Shak. 2. To step over; to stride over or across; as, to bestride a threshold. BeÏstrode¶ (?), imp. & p. p. of Bestride. BeÏstrown¶ (?), p. p. of Bestrew. BeÏstuck¶ (?), imp. & p. p. Bestick. BeÏstud¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bestudded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bestudding.] To set or adorn, as with studs or bosses; to set thickly; to stud; as, to bestud with stars. Milton. BeÏswike¶ , v. t. [AS. beswÆcan; beÏ + swÆcan to deceive, entice; akin to OS. swÆkan, OHG. swÆhhan, Icel. svÆkja.] To lure; to cheat. [Obs.] Gower. Bet (?), n. [Prob. from OE. abet abetting, OF. abet, fr. abeter to excite, incite. See Abet.] That which is laid, staked, or pledged, as between two parties, upon the event of a contest or any contingent issue; the act of giving such a pledge; a wager. ½Having made his bets.¸ Goldsmith. Bet, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bet, Betted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Betting.] To stake or pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; to wager. John a Gaunt loved him well, and betted much money on his head. Shak. I'll bet you two to one I'll make him do it. O. W. Holmes. Bet, imp. & p. p. of Beat. [Obs.] Bet, a. & adv. An early form of Better. [Obs.] To go bet, to go fast; to hurry. [Obs.] Chaucer. Be¶taÏine (?), n. [From beta, generic name of the beet.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C5H11NO2, produced artificially, and also occurring naturally in beetroot molasses and its residues, from which it is extracted as a white crystalline substance; Ð called also lycine and oxyneurine. It has a sweetish taste. BeÏtake¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Betook (?); p. p. Betaken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Betaking.] [Pref. beÏ + take.] 1. To take or seize. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To have recourse to; to apply; to resort; to go; Ð with a reflexive pronoun. They betook themselves to treaty and submission. Burke. The rest, in imitation, to like arms Betook them. Milton. Whither shall I betake me, where subsist ? Milton. 3. To commend or intrust to; to commit to. [Obs.] BeÏtaught¶ (?), a. [ P. p. of OE. bitechen, AS. bet?can, to assign, deliver. See Teach.] Delivered; committed in trust. [Obs.] Bete (?), v. t. To better; to mend. See Beete. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏtee¶la (?), n. [Pg. beatilha.] An East India muslin, formerly used for cravats, veils, etc. [Obs.] BeÏteem¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. beÏ + an old verb teem to be fitting; cf. D. betamen to beseem, G. ziemen, Goth. gatiman, and E. tame. See Tame, a.] 1. To give ; to bestow; to grant; to accord; to consent. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton. 2. To allow; to permit; to suffer. [Obs.] So loving to my mother, That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly. Shak. Be¶tel (?), n. [Pg., fr. Tamil vettilei, prop. meaning, a mere leaf.] (Bot.) A species of pepper (Piper betle), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East Indies. I is a woody climber with ovate manynerved leaves. Bet¶elÏguese (?), n. [F. B‚telgeuse, of Arabic origin.] (Astron.) A bright star of the first magnitude, near one shoulder of Orion. [Written also Betelgeux and Betelgeuse.] Be¶tel nut· (?). The nutlike seed of the areca palm, chewed in the East with betel leaves (whence its name) and shell lime. ØBˆte¶ noire¶ (?). [Fr., lit. black beast.] Something especially hated or dreaded; a bugbear. BethÏab¶aÏra wood· (?). (Bot.) A highly elastic wood, used for fishing rods, etc. The tree is unknown, but it is thought to be East Indian. Beth¶el (?), n. [Heb. b?thÏel house of God.] 1. A place of worship; a hallowed spot. S. F. Adams. 2. A chapel for dissenters. [Eng.] 3. A house of worship for seamen. BeÏthink¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bethought (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bethinking.] [AS. be?encan; pref. beÏ + ?encan to think. See Think.] To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to think; to consider; Ð generally followed by a reflexive pronoun, often with of or that before the subject of thought. I have bethought me of another fault. Shak. The rest ... may ... bethink themselves, and recover. Milton. We bethink a means to break it off. Shak. Syn. Ð To recollect; remember; reflect. BeÏthink¶, v. i. To think; to recollect; to consider. ½Bethink ere thou dismiss us.¸ Byron. Beth¶leÏhem (?), n. [Heb. b?thÏlekhem house of food; b?th house + lekhem food, l¾kham to eat. Formerly the name of a hospital for the insane, in London, which had been the priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem. Cf. Bedlam.] 1. A hospital for lunatics; Ð corrupted into bedlam. 2. (Arch.) In the Ethiopic church, a small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread for the eucharist is made. Audsley. Beth¶leÏhemÏite (?), Beth¶lemÏite (?), } n. 1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem in Judea. 2. An insane person; a madman; a bedlamite. 3. One of an extinct English order of monks. BeÏthought¶ (?), imp. & p. p. of Bethink. BeÏthrall¶ (?), v. t. To reduce to thralldom; to inthrall. [Obs.] Spenser. BeÏthumb¶ (?), v. t. To handle; to wear or soil by handling; as books. Poe. BeÏthump¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bethumped (?), or Bethumpt; p. pr. & vb. n. Bethumping.] To beat or thump soundly. Shak. BeÏtide¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betided (?), Obs. Betid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Betiding.] [OE. bitiden; pref. biÏ, beÏ + tiden, fr. AS. tÆdan, to happen, fr. tÆd time. See Tide.] To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer. What will betide the few ? Milton. BeÏtide¶, v. i. To come to pass; to happen; to occur. A salve for any sore that may betide. Shak. µ Shakespeare has used it with of. ½What would betide of me ?¸ BeÏtime¶ (?), BeÏtimes¶ (?), } adv. [ Pref. beÏ (for by) + time; that is, by the proper time. The Ïs is an adverbial ending.] 1. In good season or time; before it is late; seasonably; early. To measure life learn thou betimes. Milton. To rise betimes is often harder than to do all the day's work. Barrow. 2. In a short time; soon; speedily; forth with. He tires betimes that spurs too fast betimes. Shak. BeÏti¶tle (?), v. t. To furnish with a title or titles; to entitle. [Obs.] Carlyle. BeÏto¶ken (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betokened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Betokening.] 1. To signify by some visible object; to show by signs or tokens. A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow ... Betokening peace from God, and covenant new. Milton. 2. To foreshow by present signs; to indicate something future by that which is seen or known; as, a dark cloud often betokens a storm. Syn. Ð To presage; portend; indicate; mark; note. ØB‚·ton¶ (?), n. [F. b‚ton, fr. L. bitumen bitumen.] (Masonry) The French name for concrete; hence, concrete made after the French fashion. BeÏtongue¶ (?), v. t. To attack with the tongue; to abuse; to insult. Bet¶oÏny (?), n.; pl. Betonies (?). [OE. betony, betany, F. betoine, fr. L. betonica, vettonica.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Betonica (Linn.). µ The purple or wood betony (B. officinalis, Linn.) is common in Europe, being formerly used in medicine, and (according to Loudon) in dyeing wool a yellow color. BeÏtook¶ (?), imp. of Betake. BeÏtorn¶ (?), a. Torn in pieces; tattered. BeÏtoss (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betossed (?).] To put in violent motion; to agitate; to disturb; to toss. ½My betossed soul.¸ Shak. BeÏtrap¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betrapped (?).] 1. To draw into, or catch in, a trap; to in? snare; to circumvent. Gower. 2. To put trappings on; to clothe; to deck. After them followed two other chariots covered with red satin, and the horses betrapped with the same. Stow.

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BeÏtray¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betrayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Betraying.] [OE. betraien, bitraien; pref. beÏ + OF. tra‹r to bertray, F. trahir, fr. L. tradere. See Traitor.] 1. To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly; as, an officer betrayed the city. Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be betrayed into the hands of men. Matt. xvii. 22. 2. To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive; as, to betray a person or a cause. But when I rise, I shall find my legs betraying me. Johnson. 3. To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make known. Willing to serve or betray any government for hire. Macaulay. 4. To disclose or discover, as something which prudence would conceal; to reveal unintentionally. Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you betray your ignorance. T. Watts. 5. To mislead; to expose to inconvenience not foreseen to lead into error or sin. Genius ... often betrays itself into great errors. T. Watts. 6. To lead astray, as a maiden; to seduce (as under promise of marriage) and then abandon. 7. To show or to indicate; Ð said of what is not obvious at first, or would otherwise be concealed. All the names in the country betray great antiquity. Bryant. BeÏtray¶al (?) n. The act or the result of betraying. BeÏtray¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, betrays. BeÏtray¶ment (?), n. Betrayal. [R.] Udall. BeÏtrim¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betrimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Betrimming.] To set in order; to adorn; to deck, to embellish; to trim. Shak. BeÏtroth¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betrothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Betrothing.] [Pref. beÏ + troth, i. e., truth. See Truth.] 1. To contract to any one for a marriage; to engage or promise in order to marriage; to affiance; Ð used esp. of a woman. He, in the first flower of my freshest age, Betrothed me unto the only heir. Spenser. Ay, and we are betrothed. Shak. 2. To promise to take (as a future spouse); to plight one's troth to. What man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her? Deut. xx. 7. 3. To nominate to a bishopric, in order to consecration. Ayliffe. BeÏtroth¶al (?), n. The act of betrothing, or the fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between the persons betrothed; betrothment; affiance. ½The feast of betrothal.¸ Longfellow. BeÏtroth¶ment (?), n. The act of betrothing, or the state of being betrothed; betrothal. BeÏtrust¶ (?), v. t. To trust or intrust. [Obs.] BeÏtrust¶ment (?), n. The act of intrusting, or the thing intrusted. [Obs.] Chipman. ØBet¶so (?), n. [It. bezzo.] A small brass Venetian coin. [Obs.] Bet¶ter (?), a.; compar. of Good. [OE. betere, bettre, and as adv. bet, AS. betera, adj., and bet, adv.; akin to Icel. betri, adj., betr, adv., Goth. batiza, adj., OHG. bezziro, adj., baz, adv., G. besser, adj. and adv., bass, adv., E. boot, and prob. to Skr. bhadra excellent. See Boot advantage, and cf. Best, Batful.] 1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; as, a better man; a better physician; a better house; a better air. Could make the worse appear The better reason. Milton. 2. Preferable in regard to rank, value, use, fitness, acceptableness, safety, or in any other respect. To obey is better than sacrifice. 1 Sam. xv. 22. It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes. Ps. cxviii. 9. 3. Greater in amount; larger; more. 4. Improved in health; less affected with disease; as, the patient is better. 5. More advanced; more perfect; as, upon better acquaintance; a better knowledge of the subject. All the better. See under All, adv. Ð Better half, an expression used to designate one's wife. My dear, my better half (said he), I find I must now leave thee. Sir P. Sidney. Ð To better off, to be in a better condition. Ð Had better. (See under Had) The phrase had better, followed by an infinitive without to, is idiomatic. The earliest form of construction was ½were better¸ with a dative; as, ½Him were better go beside.¸ (Gower.) i. e., It would be better for him, etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.) supplanted the dative and had took the place of were. Thus we have the construction now used. By all that's holy, he had better starve Than but once think this place becomes thee not. Shak. Bet¶ter, n. 1. Advantage, superiority, or victory; Ð usually with of; as, to get the better of an enemy. 2. One who has a claim to precedence; a superior, as in merit, social standing, etc.; Ð usually in the plural. Their betters would hardly be found. Hooker. For the better, in the way of improvement; so as to produce improvement. ½If I have altered him anywhere for the better.¸ Dryden. Bet¶ter, adv.; compar. of Well. 1. In a superior or more excellent manner; with more skill and wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage, or success; as, Henry writes better than John; veterans fight better than recruits. I could have better spared a better man. Shak. 2. More correctly or thoroughly. The better to understand the extent of our knowledge. Locke. 3. In a higher or greater degree; more; as, to love one better than another. Never was monarch better feared, and loved. Shak. 4. More, in reference to value, distance, time, etc.; as, ten miles and better. [Colloq.] To think better of (any one), to have a more favorable opinion of any one. Ð To think better of (an opinion, resolution, etc.), to reconsider and alter one's decision. Bet¶ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bettered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bettering.] [AS. beterian, betrian, fr. betera better. See Better, a.] 1. To improve or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of. Love betters what is best. Wordsworth. He thought to better his circumstances. Thackeray. 2. To improve the condition of, morally, physically, financially, socially, or otherwise. The constant effort of every man to better himself. Macaulay. 3. To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to excel. The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be bettered. Hooker. 4. To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of. [Obs.] Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and worse our foes. Milton. Syn. Ð To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend; correct; emend; reform; advance; promote. Bet¶ter, v. i. To become better; to improve. Carlyle. Bet¶ter, n. One who bets or lays a wager. Bet¶terÏment (?), n. 1. A making better; amendment; improvement. W. Montagu. 2. (Law) An improvement of an estate which renders it better than mere repairing would do; Ð generally used in the plural. [U. S.] Bouvier. Bet¶terÏmost· (?), a. Best. [R.] ½The bettermost classes.¸ Brougham. Bet¶terÏness, n. 1. The quality of being better or superior; superiority. [R.] Sir P. Sidney. 2. The difference by which fine gold or silver exceeds in fineness the standard. ØBet¶tong (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A small, leaping Australian marsupial of the genus Bettongia; the jerboa kangaroo. Bet¶tor (?), n. One who bets; a better. Addison. Bet¶ty (?), n. 1. [Supposed to be a cant word, from Betty, for Elizabeth, as such an instrument is also called Bess (i. e., Elizabeth) in the Canting Dictionary of 1725, and Jenny (i. e., Jane).] A short bar used by thieves to wrench doors open. [Written also bettee.] The powerful betty, or the artful picklock. Arbuthnot. 2. [Betty, nickname for Elizabeth.] A name of contempt given to a man who interferes with the duties of women in a household, or who occupies himself with womanish matters. 3. A pearÏshaped bottle covered round with straw, in which olive oil is sometimes brought from Italy; Ð called by chemists a Florence flask. [U. S.] Bartlett. Bet¶uÏlin (?), n. [L. betula birch tree.] (Chem.) A substance of a resinous nature, obtained from the outer bark of the common European birch (Betula alba), or from the tar prepared therefrom; Ð called also birch camphor. Watts. BeÏtum¶ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betumbled (?).] To throw into disorder; to tumble. [R.] From her betumbled couch she starteth. Shak. BeÏtu¶tor (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Betutored (?).] To tutor; to instruct. Coleridge. BeÏtween¶ (?), prep. [OE. bytwene, bitweonen, AS. betwe¢nan, betwe¢num; prefix beÏ by + a form fr. AS. tw¾ two, akin to Goth. tweihnai two apiece. See Twain, and cf. Atween, Betwixt.] 1. In the space which separates; betwixt; as, New York is between Boston and Philadelphia. 2. Used in expressing motion from one body or place to another; from one to another of two. If things should go so between them. Bacon. 3. Belonging in common to two; shared by both. Castor and Pollux with only one soul between them. Locke. 4. Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and involving reciprocal action or affecting their mutual relation; as, opposition between science and religion. An intestine struggle, open or secret, between authority and liberty. Hume. 5. With relation to two, as involved in an act or attribute of which another is the agent or subject; as, to judge between or to choose between courses; to distinguish between you and me; to mediate between nations. 6. In intermediate relation to, in respect to time, quantity, or degree; as, between nine and ten o'clock. Between decks, the space, or in the space, between the decks of a vessel. Ð Between ourselves, Between you and me, Between themselves, in confidence; with the understanding that the matter is not to be communicated to others. Syn. Ð Between, Among. Between etymologically indicates only two; as, a quarrel between two men or two nations; to be between two fires, etc. It is however extended to more than two in expressing a certain relation. I ... hope that between public business, improving studies, and domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor caprice will find any place for entrance. Johnson. Among implies a mass or collection of things or persons, and always supposes more than two; as, the prize money was equally divided among the ship's crew. BeÏtween¶, n. Intermediate time or space; interval. [Poetic & R.] Shak. BeÏtwixt¶ (?), prep. [OE. betwix, bitwix, rarely bitwixt, AS. betweox, betweohs, betweoh, betwÆh; pref. beÏ by + a form fr. AS. tw¾ two. See Between.] 1. In the space which separates; between. From betwixt two aged oaks. Milton. 2. From one to another of; mutually affecting. There was some speech of marriage Betwixt myself and her. Shak. Betwixt and between, in a midway position; soÏso; neither one thing nor the other. [Colloq.] ØBeurÏr‚¶ (?), n. [F., fr. beurre butter.] (Bot.) A beurr‚ (or buttery) pear, one with the me?? soft and melting; Ð used with a distinguishing word; as, Beurr‚ d'Anjou; Beurr‚ Clairgeau. Bev¶el (?), n. [C. F. biveau, earlier buveau, Sp. baivel; of unknown origin. Cf. Bevile.] 1. Any angle other than a right angle; the angle which one surface makes with another when they are not at right angles; the slant or inclination of such surface; as, to give a bevel to the edge of a table or a stone slab; the bevel of a piece of timber. 2. An instrument consisting of two rules or arms, jointed together at one end, and opening to any angle, for adjusting the surfaces of work to the same or a given inclination; Ð called also a bevel square. Gwilt. Bev¶el, a. 1. Having the slant of a bevel; slanting. 2. Hence: Morally distorted; not upright. [Poetic] I may be straight, though they themselves be bevel. Shak. A bevel angle, any angle other than one of 90?. Ð Bevel wheel, a cogwheel whose working face is oblique to the axis. Knight. Bev¶el, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beveled (?) or Bevelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Beveling or Bevelling.] To cut to a bevel angle; to slope the edge or surface of. Bev¶el, v. i. To deviate or incline from an angle of 90?, as a surface; to slant. Their houses are very ill built, the walls bevel. Swift. Bev¶eled, Bev¶elled (?), a. 1. Formed to a bevel angle; sloping; as, the beveled edge of a table. 2. (Min.) Replaced by two planes inclining equally upon the adjacent planes, as an edge; having its edges replaces by sloping planes, as a cube or other solid. Bev¶el gear· (?). (Mech.) A kind of gear in which the two wheels working together lie in different planes, and have their teeth cut at right angles to the surfaces of two cones whose apices coincide with the point where the axes of the wheels would meet. Bev¶elÏment (?), n. (Min.) The replacement of an edge by two similar planes, equally inclined to the including faces or adjacent planes. Be¶ver (?), n. [OE. bever a drink, drinking time, OF. beivre, boivre, to drink, fr. L. bibere.] A light repast between meals; a lunch. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Be¶ver, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bevered (?).] To take a light repast between meals. [Obs.] Bev¶erÏage (?), n. [OF. bevrage, F. breuvage, fr. beivre to drink, fr. L. bibere. Cf. Bib, v. t., Poison, Potable.] 1. Liquid for drinking; drink; Ð usually applied to drink artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; as, an intoxicating beverage. He knew no beverage but the flowing stream. Thomson. 2. Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of drink. 3. A treat, or drink money. [Slang] Bev¶ile (?), n. [See Bevel.] (Her.) A chief broken or opening like a carpenter's bevel. Encyc. Brit. Bev¶iled, Bev¶illed (?), a. (Her.) Notched with an angle like that inclosed by a carpenter's bevel; Ð said of a partition line of a shield. Bev¶y (?), n.; pl. Bevies (?). [Perhaps orig. a drinking company, fr. OF. bev‚e (cf. It. beva) a drink, beverage; then, perh., a company in general, esp. of ladies; and last applied by sportsmen to larks, quails, etc. See Beverage.] 1. A company; an assembly or collection of persons, especially of ladies. What a bevy of beaten slaves have we here ! Beau. & Fl. 2. A flock of birds, especially quails or larks; also, a herd of roes. BeÏwail¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bewailing.] To express deep sorrow for, as by wailing; to lament; to wail over. Hath widowed and unchilded many a one, Which to this hour bewail the injury. Shak. Syn. Ð To bemoan; grieve. Ð See Deplore. BeÏwail¶, v. i. To express grief; to lament. Shak. BeÏwail¶aÏble (?), a. Such as may, or ought to, be bewailed; lamentable. BeÏwail¶er (?), n. One who bewails or laments. BeÏwail¶ing, a. Wailing over; lamenting. Ð BeÏwail¶ingÏly, adv. BeÏwail¶ment (?), n. The act of bewailing. BeÏwake¶ (?), v. t. & i. To keep watch over; to keep awake. [Obs.] Gower. BeÏware¶ (?), v. i. [Be, imperative of verb to be + ware. See Ware, Wary.] 1. To be on one's guard; to be cautious; to take care; Ð commonly followed by of or lest before the thing that is to be avoided. Beware of all, but most beware of man ! Pope. Beware the awful avalanche. Longfellow. 2. To have a special regard; to heed. [Obs.] Behold, I send an Angel before thee. ... Beware of him, and obey his voice. Ex. xxiii. 20, 21. µ This word is a compound from be and the Old English ware, now wary, which is an adjective. ½Be ye? war of false prophetis.¸ Wyclif, Matt. vii. 15. It is used commonly in the imperative and infinitive modes, and with such auxiliaries (shall, should, must, etc.) as go with the infinitive.

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BeÏware¶ (?), v. t. To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for. [Obs.] ½Priest, beware your beard.¸ Shak. To wish them beware the son. Milton. BeÏwash¶ (?), v. t. To drench or souse with water. ½Let the maids bewash the men.¸ Herrick. BeÏweep¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewept (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beweeping.] [AS. bew?pan; pref. beÏ + weep.] To weep over; to deplore; to bedew with tears. ½His timeless death beweeping.¸ Drayton. BeÏweep¶, v. i. To weep. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏwet¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewet, Bewetted.] To wet or moisten. Gay. BeÏwhore¶ (?), v. t. 1. To corrupt with regard to chastity; to make a whore of. J. Fletcher. 2. To pronounce or characterize as a whore. Shak. BeÏwig¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewigged (?).] To cover (the head) with a wig. Hawthorne. BeÏwil¶der (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewildered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bewildering.] [Pref. beÏ + wilder.] To lead into perplexity or confusion, as for want of a plain path; to perplex with mazes; or in general, to perplex or confuse greatly. Lost and bewildered in the fruitless search. Addison. Syn. Ð To perplex; puzzle; entangle; confuse; confound; mystify; embarrass; lead astray. BeÏwil¶dered (?), a. Greatly perplexed; as, a bewildered mind. BeÏwil¶deredÏness (?), n. The state of being bewildered; bewilderment. [R.] BeÏwil¶derÏing (?), a. Causing bewilderment or great perplexity; as, bewildering difficulties. Ð BeÏwil¶derÏingÏly, adv. BeÏwil¶derÏment (?), n. 1. The state of being bewildered. 2. A bewildering tangle or confusion. He ... soon lost all traces of it amid bewilderment of tree trunks and underbrush. Hawthorne. BeÏwin¶ter (?), v. t. To make wintry. [Obs.] Bew¶it (?), n. [Cf. OF. buie bond, chain, fr. L. boja neck collar, fetter. Cf. Buoy.] A double slip of leather by which bells are fastened to a hawk's legs. BeÏwitch¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bewitching.] 1. To gain an ascendency over by charms or incantations; to affect (esp. to injure) by witchcraft or sorcery. See how I am bewitched; behold, mine arm Is like a blasted sapling withered up. Shak. 2. To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a degree as to take away the power of resistance; to enchant. The charms of poetry our souls bewitch. Dryden. Syn. Ð To enchant; captivate; charm; entrance. BeÏwitch¶edÏness (?), n. The state of being bewitched. Gauden. BeÏwitch¶er (?), n. One who bewitches. BeÏwitch¶erÏy (?), n. The power of bewitching or fascinating; bewitchment; charm; fascination. There is a certain bewitchery or fascination in words. South. BeÏwitch¶ing, a. Having power to bewitch or fascinate; enchanting; captivating; charming. Ð BeÏwitch¶ÏingÏly, adv. Ð BeÏwitch¶ingÏness, n. BeÏwitch¶ment (?), n. 1. The act of bewitching, or the state of being bewitched. Tylor. 2. The power of bewitching or charming. Shak. BeÏwon¶der (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewondered (?).] 1. To fill with wonder. [Obs.] 2. To wonder at; to admire. [Obs.] BeÏwrap¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewrapped (?).] To wrap up; to cover. Fairfax. BeÏwray¶ (?), v. t. To soil. See Beray. BeÏwray¶, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bewrayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bewraying.] [OE. bewraien, biwreyen; pref. beÏ + AS. wr?gan to accuse, betray; akin to OS. wr?gian, OHG. ruog?n, G. rgen, Icel. r‘gja, Goth. wr?hjan to accuse.] To expose; to reveal; to disclose; to betray. [Obs. or Archaic] The murder being once done, he is in less fear, and in more hope that the deed shall not be bewrayed or known. Robynson (More's Utopia.) Thy speech bewrayeth thee. Matt. xxvi. 73. BeÏwray¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, bewrays; a revealer. [Obs. or Archaic] Addison. BeÏwray¶ment (?), n. Betrayal. [R.] BeÏwreck¶ (?), v. t. To wreck. [Obs.] BeÏwreke¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. beÏ + wreak.] To wreak; to avenge. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. BeÏwrought¶ (?), a. [Pref. beÏ + wrought, p. p. of work, v. t. ] Embroidered. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Bey (?), n. [See Beg a bey.] A governor of a province or district in the Turkish dominions; also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a beg; as, the bey of Tunis. Bey¶lic (?), n. [Turk.] The territory ruled by a bey. BeÏyond¶ (?), prep. [OE. biyonde, bi?eonde, AS. begeondan, prep. and adv.; pref. beÏ + geond yond, yonder. See Yon, Yonder.] 1. On the further side of; in the same direction as, and further on or away than. Beyond that flaming hill. G. Fletcher. 2. At a place or time not yet reached; before. A thing beyond us, even before our death. Pope. 3. Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further than; greater than; as, the patient was beyond medical aid; beyond one's strength. 4. In a degree or amount exceeding or surpassing; proceeding to a greater degree than; above, as in dignity, excellence, or quality of any kind. ½Beyond expectation.¸ Barrow. Beyond any of the great men of my country. Sir P.Sidney. Beyond sea. (Law) See under Sea. Ð To go beyond, to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in anything else; hence, in a bed sense, to deceive or circumvent. That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter. 1 Thess. iv. 6. BeÏyond¶ (?), adv. Further away; at a distance; yonder. Lo, where beyond he lyeth languishing. Spenser. BeÏzant¶ (?), n. [See Byzant.] 1. A gold coin of Byzantium or Constantinople, varying in weight and value, usually (those current in England) between a sovereign and a half sovereign. There were also white or silver bezants. [Written also besant, byzant, etc.] 2. (Her.) A circle in or, i. e., gold, representing the gold coin called bezant. Burke. 3. A decoration of a flat surface, as of a band or belt, representing circular disks lapping one upon another. Bez·Ðant¶ler (?), n. [L. bis twice (OF. bes) + E. antler.] The second branch of a stag's horn. Bez¶el (?), n. [From an old form of F. biseau sloping edge, prob. fr. L. bis double. See BiÏ.] The rim which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set. B‚Ïzique¶ (?), n. [F. b‚sigue.] A game at cards in which various combinations of cards in the hand, when declared, score points. Be¶zoar (?), n. [F. b‚zoard, fr. Ar. b¾zahr, b¾dizahr, fr. Per. p¾dÏzahr bezoar; p¾d protecting + zahr poison; cf. Pg. & Sp. bezoar.] A calculous concretion found in the intestines of certain ruminant animals (as the wild goat, the gazelle, and the Peruvian llama) formerly regarded as an unfailing antidote for poison, and a certain remedy for eruptive, pestilential, or putrid diseases. Hence: Any antidote or panacea. µ Two kinds were particularly esteemed, the Bezoar orientale of India, and the Bezoar occidentale of Peru. Bezoar antelope. See Antelope. Ð Bezoar goat (Zo”l.), the wild goat (Capra ‘gagrus). Ð Bezoar mineral, an old preparation of oxide of antimony. Ure. Bez·oÏar¶dic (?), a. [Cf. F. b‚zoardique, b‚zoartique.] Pertaining to, or compounded with, bezoar. Ð n. A medicine containing bezoar. Bez·oÏar¶tic (?), Bez·oÏar¶ticÏal (?), } a. [See Bezoardic.] Having the qualities of an antidote, or of bezoar; healing. [Obs.] BeÏzo¶niÏan (?), n. [ Cf. F. besoin need, want, It bisogno.] A low fellow or scoundrel; a beggar. Great men oft die by vile bezonians. Shak. Bez¶zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bezzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bezzling (?).] [OF. besillier, besiler, to maltreat, pillage; or shortened fr. embezzle. Cf. Embezzle.] To plunder; to waste in riot. [Obs.] Bez¶zle, v. i. To drink to excess; to revel. [Obs.] Bhang (?), n. [Per. bang; cf. Skr. bhang¾ hemp.] An astringent and narcotic drug made from the dried leaves and seed capsules of wild hemp (Cannabis Indica), and chewed or smoked in the East as a means of intoxication. See Hasheesh. ØBhun¶der (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) An Indian monkey (Macacus Rhesus), protected by the Hindoos as sacred. See Rhesus. BiÏ (?). [L. bis twice, which i composition drops the Ïs, akin to E. two. See BisÏ, Two, and cf. DiÏ, DisÏ.] 1. In most branches of science biÏ in composition denotes two, twice, or doubly; as, bidentate, twoÏtoothed; biternate, doubly ternate, etc. 2. (Chem.) In the composition of chemical names biÏ denotes two atoms, parts, or equivalents of that constituent to the name of which it is prefixed, to one of the other component, or that such constituent is present in double the ordinary proportion; as, bichromate, bisulphide. BeÏ and diÏ are often used interchangeably. BiÏac¶id (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + acid.] (Chem.) Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative atoms or radicals to form salts; Ð said of bases. See Diacid. Bi·aÏcu¶miÏnate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + acuminate.] (Bot.) Having points in two directions. BeÏan¶guÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + angular.] Having two angles or corners. BiÏan¶guÏlate (?), BiÏan¶guÏla·ted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + angulate, angulated.] Biangular. BiÏan¶guÏlous (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + angulous.] Biangular. [R.] BiÏan·therÏif¶erÏous (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + antherigerous.] (Bot.) Having two anthers. Bi·arÏtic¶uÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + articulate.] (Zo”l.) Having, or consisting of, tow joints. Bi¶as (?), n.; pl. Biases (?). [F. biasis, perh. fr. LL. bifax twoÏfaced; L. bis + facies face. See BiÏ, and cf. Face.] 1. A weight on the side of the ball used in the game of bowls, or a tendency imparted to the ball, which turns it from a straight line. Being ignorant that there is a concealed bias within the spheroid, which will ... swerve away. Sir W. Scott. 2. A learning of the mind; propensity or prepossession toward an object or view, not leaving the mind indifferent; bent inclination. Strong love is a bias upon the thoughts. South. Morality influences men's lives, and gives a bias to all their actions. Locke. 3. A wedgeÏshaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (as the waist of a dress) to diminish its circumference. 4. A slant; a diagonal; as, to cut cloth on the bias. Syn. Ð Prepossession; prejudice; partiality; inclination. See Bent. Bi¶as, a. 1. Inclined to one side; swelled on one side. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth. Bi¶as, adv. In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; as, to cut cloth bias. Bi¶as, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Biased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Biasing.] To incline to one side; to give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to prepossess. Me it had not biased in the one direction, nor should it have biased any just critic in the counter direction. De. Quincey. Bi·auÏric¶uÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + au riculate.] 1. (Anat.) Having two auricles, as the heart of mammals, birds, and reptiles. 2. (Bot. & Zo”l.) Having two earlike projections at its base, as a leaf. BiÏax¶al (?), BiÏax¶iÏal (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + axal, axial.] (Opt.) Having two axes; as, biaxial polarization. Brewster. Ð BiÏax¶iÏalÏly, adv. Bib (?), n. [From Bib, v., because the bib receives the drink that the child slavers from the mouth.] 1. A small piece of cloth worn by children over the breast, to protect the clothes. 2. (Zo”l.) An arctic fish (Gadus luscus), allied to the cod; Ð called also pout and whiting pout. 3. A bibcock. Bib, Bibbe (?), v. t. [L. bibere. See Beverage, and cf. Imbibe.] To drink; to tipple. [Obs.] This miller hath ... bibbed ale. Chaucer. Bib, v. i. To drink; to sip; to tipple. He was constantly bibbing. Locke. BiÏba¶cious (?), a. [L. bibax, bibacis, fr. bibere. See Bib.] Addicted to drinking. BiÏbac¶iÏty (?), n. The practice or habit of drinking too much; tippling. Blount. BiÏba¶sic (?), a. [ Pref. biÏ + basic.] (Chem.) Having to hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by positive or basic atoms or radicals to form salts; Ð said of acids. See Dibasic. Bibb (?), n. A bibcock. See Bib, n., 3. Bib¶ber (?), n. One given to drinking alcoholic beverages too freely; a tippler; Ð chiefly used in composition; as, winebibber. Bib¶bleÐbab¶ble (?), n. [A reduplication of babble.] Idle talk; babble. Shak. Bibbs (?), n. pl. (Naut.) Pieces of timber bolted to certain parts of a mast tp support the trestletrees. Bib¶cock· (?), n. A cock or faucet having a bent down nozzle. Knight. BiÏbi¶rine (?), n. (Chem.) See Bebeerine. Bib¶iÏtoÏry (?), a. Of or pertaining to drinking or tippling. Bi¶ble (?), n. [F. bible, L. biblia, pl., fr. Gr. ?, pl. of ?, dim. of ?, ?, book, prop. Egyptian papyrus.] 1. A book. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. The Book by way of eminence, Ð that is, the book which is made up of the writings accepted by Christians as of divine origin and authority, whether such writings be in the original language, or translated; the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; Ð sometimes in a restricted sense, the Old Testament; as, King James's Bible; Douay Bible; Luther's Bible. Also, the book which is made up of writings similarly accepted by the Jews; as, a rabbinical Bible. 3. A book containing the sacred writings belonging to any religion; as, the Koran is often called the Mohammedan Bible. Bible Society, an association for securing the multiplication and wide distribution of the Bible. Ð Douay Bible. See Douay Bible. Ð Geneva Bible. See under Geneva. Bib¶ler (?), n. [See Bib, v. t.] A great drinker; a tippler. [Written also bibbler and bibbeler.] Bib¶liÏcal (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the Bible; as, biblical learning; biblical authority. Bib·liÏcal¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being biblical; a biblical subject. [R.] Bib¶liÏcalÏly (?), adv. According to the Bible. Bib¶liÏcism (?), n. [Cf. F. biblicisme.] Learning or literature relating to the Bible. [R.] Bib¶liÏcist (?), n. One skilled in the knowledge of the Bible; a demonstrator of religious truth by the Scriptures. Bib¶liÏoÏgraph· (?), n. Bibliographer. Bib·liÏog¶raÏpher (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? book + ? to write : cf. F. bibliographe.] One who writes, or is versed in, bibliography. Bib·liÏoÏgraph¶ic (?), Bib·liÏoÏgraph¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. bibliographique.] Pertaining to bibliography, or the history of books. Ð Bib·liÏoÏgraph¶icÏalÏly, adv. Bib·liÏog¶raÏphy (?) n.; pl. Bibliographies (?). [Gr. ?: cf. F. bibliographie.] A history or description of books and manuscripts, with notices of the different editions, the times when they were printed, etc. Bib·liÏol¶aÏter (?), Bib·liÏol¶aÏtrist (?), } n. [See. Bibliolatry.] A worshiper of books; especially, a worshiper of the Bible; a believer in its verbal inspiration. De Quincey. Bib·liÏol¶aÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? book + ? service, worship, ? to serve.] Book worship, esp. of the Bible; Ð applied by Roman Catholic divine? to the exaltation of the authority of the Bible over that of the pope or the church, and by Protestants to an excessive regard to the letter of the Scriptures. Coleridge. F. W. Newman. Bib·liÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Relating to bibliology. Bib·liÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? book + Ïlogy.] 1. An account of books; book lore; bibliography. 2. The literature or doctrine of the Bible. Bib¶liÏoÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ? book + Ïmancy: cf. F. bibliomancie.] A kind of divination, performed by selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and drawing from them indications concerning future events. Bib·liÏoÏma¶niÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? book + ? madness: cf. F. bibliomanie.] A mania for acquiring books. Bib·liÏoÏma¶niÏac (?), n. One who has a mania for books. Ð a. Relating to a bibliomaniac. Bib·liÏoÏmaÏni¶acÏal (?), a. Pertaining to a passion for books; relating to a bibliomaniac. Bib·liÏoÏpeg¶ic (?), a. [ Gr. ? book + ? to make fast.] Relating to the binding of books. [R.]

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Bib·liÏop¶eÏgist (?), n. A bookbinder. Bib·liÏop·eÏgis¶tic (?), a. Pertaining to the art of binding books. [R.] Dibdin. Bib·liÏop¶eÏgy (?), n. [See Bibliopegic.] The art of binding books. [R.] Bib¶liÏoÏphile (?), n. [Gr. ? book + ? to love: cf. F. bibliophile.] A lover of books. Bib·liÏoph¶iÏlism (?), n. Love of books. Bib·liÏoph¶iÏlist (?), n. A lover of books. Bib·liÏoÏpho¶biÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? book + ? to fear.] A dread of books. [R.] Bib¶liÏoÏpole (?), n. [ L. bibliopola, Gr. ?; ? book + ? to sell: cf. F. bibliopole.] One who sells books. Bib·liÏoÏpol¶ic (?), Bib·liÏop¶oÏlar (?), a. [See Bibliopole.] Of or pertaining to the sale of books. ½Bibliopolic difficulties.¸ Carlyle. Bib·liÏop¶oÏlism (?), n. The trade or business of selling books. Bib·liÏop¶oÏlist (?), n. Same as Bibliopole. Bib·liÏop·oÏlis¶tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to bibliopolism. Dibdin. Bib¶liÏoÏtaph (?), Bib·liÏot¶aÏphist (?), } n. [Gr. ? book + ? a burial.] One who hides away books, as in a tomb. [R.] Crabb. Bib¶liÏoÏthec (?), n. A librarian. ØBib·liÏoÏthe¶ca (?), n. [L. See Bibliotheke.] A library. Bib·liÏoÏthe¶cal (?), a. [ L. bibliothecalis. See Bibliotheke.] Belonging to a library. Byrom. Bib·liÏoth¶eÏcaÏry (?), n. [L. bibliothecarius: cf. F. biblioth‚caire.] A librarian. [Obs.] Evelin. Bib¶liÏoÏtheke (?), n. [L. bibliotheca, Gr. ?; ? book + ? a case, box, fr. ? to place: cf. F. bibliothŠque.] A library. [Obs.] Bale. Bib¶list (?), n. [Cf. F. bibliste. See Bible.] 1. One who makes the Bible the sole rule of faith. 2. A biblical scholar; a biblicist. I. Taylor. BiÏbrac¶teÏate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + bracteate.] (Bot.) Furnished with, or having, two bracts. Bib¶uÏlous (?), a. [L. bibulus, fr. bibere to drink. See Bib, v. t. ] 1. Readily imbibing fluids or moisture; spongy; as, bibulous blotting paper. 2. Inclined to drink; addicted to tippling. Bib¶uÏlousÏly, adv. In a bibulous manner; with profuse imbibition or absorption. De Quincey. BiÏcal¶caÏrate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + calcarate.] Having two spurs, as the wing or leg of a bird. BiÏcal¶lose (?), BiÏcal¶lous (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + callose, callous.] (Bot.) Having two callosities or hard spots. Gray. BiÏcam¶erÏal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + camera.] Consisting of, or including, two chambers, or legislative branches. Bentham. BiÏcap¶suÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + capsular: cf. F. bicapsulaire.] (Bot.) Having two capsules; as, a bicapsular pericarp. BiÏcar¶bonÏate (?), n. [Pref. biÏ+ carbonate.] (Chem.) A carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; Ð sometimes called supercarbonate. BiÏcar¶buÏret·ed or Ïret·ted (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + carbureted.] (Chem.) Containing two atoms or equivalents of carbon in the molecule. [Obs. or R.] BiÏcar¶iÏnate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + carinate.] (Biol.) Having two keelÏlike projections, as the upper palea of grasses. BiÏcau¶dal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + caudal.] Having, or terminating in, two tails. BiÏcau¶date (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + caudate.] Twotailed; bicaudal. Bic¶ched (?), a. [Of unknown origin.] Pecked; pitted; notched. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bicched bones, pecked, or notched, bones; dice. Bice, Bise (?), n. [F. bis, akin to It. bigio light gray, tawny.] (Paint.) A pale blue pigment, prepared from the native blue carbonate of copper, or from smalt; Ð called also blue bice. Green bice is prepared from the blue, by adding yellow orpiment, or by grinding down the green carbonate of copper. Cooley. Brande & C. BiÏcen¶teÏnaÏry (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + centenary.] Of or pertaining to two hundred, esp. to two hundred years; as, a bicentenary celebration. Ð n. The two hundredth anniversary, or its celebration. Bi·cenÏten¶niÏal, a. [Pref. biÏ + centennial.] 1. Consisting of two hundred years. 2. Occurring every two hundred years. Bi·cenÏten¶niÏal, n. The two hundredth year or anniversary, or its celebration. BiÏceph¶aÏlous (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + cephalous: cf. F. bic‚phale.] Having two heads. ØBi¶ceps (?), n. [L., twoÏheaded; bis twice + caput head. See Capital.] (Anat.) A muscle having two heads or origins; Ð applied particularly to a flexor in the arm, and to another in the thigh. ØBiÏchir¶ (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A remarkable ganoid fish (Polypterus bichir) found in the Nile and other African rivers. See Brachioganoidei. BiÏchlo¶ride (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + chloride.] (Chem.) A compound consisting of two atoms of chlorine with one or more atoms of another element; Ð called also dichloride. Bichloride of mercury, mercuric chloride; Ð sometimes called corrosive sublimate. ØBi¶cho (?), n. [Sp.] (Zo”l.) See Jigger. BiÏchro¶mate (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + chromate.] (Chem.) A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the other ingredients; as, potassfum bichromate; Ð called also dichromate. BiÏchro¶maÏtize (?), v. t. To combine or treat with a bichromate, esp. with bichromate of potassium; as, bichromatized gelatine. BiÏcip¶iÏtal (?), a. [L. biceps, bicipitis: cf. F. bicipital. See Biceps.] 1. (Anat.) (a) Having two heads or origins, as a muscle. (b) Pertaining to a biceps muscle; as, bicipital furrows, the depressions on either side of the biceps of the arm. 2. (Bot.) Dividing into two parts at one extremity; having two heads or two supports; as, a bicipital tree. BiÏcip¶iÏtous (?), a. Having two heads; bicipital. ½Bicipitous serpents.¸ Sir T. Browne. Bick¶er, n. [See Beaker.] A small wooden vessel made of staves and hoops, like a tub. [Prov. Eng.] Bick¶er (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bickered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bickering.] [OE. bikeren, perh. fr. Celtic; cf. W. bicra to fight, bicker, bicre conflict, skirmish; perh. akin to E. beak.] 1. To skirmish; to exchange blows; to fight. [Obs.] Two eagles had a conflict, and bickered together. Holland. 2. To contend in petulant altercation; to wrangle. Petty things about which men cark and bicker. Barrow. 3. To move quickly and unsteadily, or with a pattering noise; to quiver; to be tremulous, like flame. They [streamlets] bickered through the sunny shade. Thomson. Bick¶er, n. 1. A skirmish; an encounter. [Obs.] 2. A fight with stones between two parties of boys. [Scot.] Jamieson. 3. A wrangle; also, a noise,, as in angry contention. Bick¶erÏer (?), n. One who bickers. Bick¶erÏing, n. 1. A skirmishing. ½Frays and bickerings.¸ Milton. 2. Altercation; wrangling. Bick¶erÏment (?), n. Contention. [Obs.] Spenser. Bick¶ern (?), n. [F. bigorne. See Bicorn.] An anvil ending in a beak or point (orig. in two beaks); also, the beak or horn itself. BiÏcol¶liÏgate (?), a. [L. bis twice + colligatus, p. p. See Colligate, v. t. ] (Zo”l.) Having the anterior toes connected by a basal web. Bi¶col·or (?), Bi¶col·ored (?), } a. [L. bicolor; bis twice + color color.] Of two colors. BiÏcon¶cave (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + concave.] Concave on both sides; as, biconcave vertebr‘. BiÏcon¶juÏgate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + conjugate, a.] (Bot.) Twice paired, as when a petiole forks twice. Gray. BiÏcon¶vex (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + convex.] Convex on both sides; as, a biconvex lens. Bi¶corn (?), Bi¶corned (?), BiÏcor¶nous (?), } a. [L. bicornis; bis twice + cornu horn: cf. F. bicorne. Cf. Bickern.] Having two horns; twoÐhorned; crescentlike. BiÏcor¶poÏral (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + corporal.] Having two bodies. BiÏcor¶poÏrate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + corporate.] (Her.) DoubleÐbodied, as a lion having one head and two bodies. BiÏcos¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + costate.] (Bot.) Having two principal ribs running longitudinally, as a leaf. BiÏcre¶nate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + crenate.] (Bot.) Twice crenated, as in the case of leaves whose crenatures are themselves crenate. Bi·cresÏcen¶tic (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + crescent.] Having the form of a double crescent. BiÏcru¶ral (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + crural.] Having two legs. Hooker. BiÏcus¶pid (?), BiÏcus¶pidÏate (?), } a. [See pref. BiÏ, and Cuspidate.] Having two points or prominences; ending in two points; Ð said of teeth, leaves, fruit, etc. BiÏcus¶pid, n. (Anat.) One of the two doubleÏpointed teeth which intervene between the canines (cuspids) and the molars, on each side of each jaw. See Tooth, n. BiÏcy¶aÏnide (?), n. See Dicyanide. Bi¶cyÏcle (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + cycle.] A light vehicle having two wheels one behind the other. It has a saddle seat and is propelled by the rider's feet acting on cranks or levers. Bi¶cyÏcler (?), n. One who rides a bicycle. BiÏcyc¶lic (?), a. Relating to bicycles. Bi¶cyÏcling (?), n. The use of a bicycle; the act or practice of riding a bicycle. Bi¶cyÏclism (?), n. The art of riding a bicycle. Bi¶cyÏclist (?), n. A bicycler. BiÏcyc¶uÏlar (?), a. Relating to bicycling. Bid (?), v. t. [imp. Bade (?), Bid, (Obs.) Bad; p. p. Bidden (?), Bid; p. pr. & vb. n. Bidding.] [OE. bidden, prop to ask, beg, AS. biddan; akin to OS. biddian, Icel. bi?ja, OHG. bittan, G. bitten, to pray, ask, request, and E. bead, also perh. to Gr. ? to persuade, L. fidere to trust, E. faith, and bide. But this word was early confused with OE. beden, beoden, AS. be¢dan, to offer, command; akin to Icel. bj??a, Goth. biudan (in comp.), OHG. biotan to command, bid, G. bieten, D. bieden, to offer, also to Gr. ? to learn by inquiry, Skr. budh to be awake, to heed, present OSlav. bud?ti to be awake, E. bode, v. The word now has the form of OE. bidden to ask, but the meaning of OE. beden to command, except in ½to bid beads.¸ ?30.] 1. To make an offer of; to propose. Specifically : To offer to pay ( a certain price, as for a thing put up at auction), or to take (a certain price, as for work to be done under a contract). 2. To offer in words; to declare, as a wish, a greeting, a threat, or defiance, etc.; as, to bid one welcome; to bid good morning, farewell, etc. Neither bid him God speed. 2. John 10. He bids defiance to the gaping crowd. Granrille. 3. To proclaim; to declare publicly; to make known. [Mostly obs.] ½Our banns thrice bid !¸ Gay. 4. To order; to direct; to enjoin; to command. That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. Pope Lord, if it be thou, bid me come unto thee. Matt. xiv.28 I was bid to pick up shells. D. Jerrold. 5. To invite; to call in; to request to come. As many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage. Matt. xxii. 9 To bid beads, to pray with beads, as the Roman Catholics; to distinguish each bead by a prayer. [Obs.] Ð To bid defiance to , to defy openly; to brave. Ð To bid fair, to offer a good prospect; to make fair promise; to seem likely. Syn. Ð To offer; proffer; tender; propose; order; command; direct; charge; enjoin. Bid (?), imp. & p. p. of Bid. Bid, n. An offer of a price, especially at auctions; a statement of a sum which one will give for something to be received, or will take for something to be done or furnished; that which is offered. Bid, v. i. [See Bid, v. t.] 1. To pray. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To make a bid; to state what one will pay or take. Bid¶ale· (?), n. [Bid + ale.] An invitation of friends to drink ale at some poor man's house, and there to contribute in charity for his relief. [Prov. Eng.] Bid¶daÏble (?), a. Obedient; docile. [Scot.] Bid¶den (?), p. p. of Bid. Bid¶der (?), n. [AS. biddere. ] One who bids or offers a price. Burke. Bid¶derÏy ware· (?). [From Beder or Bidar a town in India.] A kind of metallic ware make in India. The material is a composition of Inc, tin, and lead, in which ornaments of gold and silver are inlaid o? damascened. [Spelt also bidry, bidree, bedery, beder.] Bid¶ding, n. 1. Command; order; a proclamation o? notifying. ½Do thou thy master's bidding.¸ Shak. 2. The act or process of making bids; an offer; a proposal of a price, as at an auction. Bid¶ding prayer· (?). 1. (R. C. Ch.) The prayer for the souls of benefactors, said before the sermon. 2. (Angl. Ch.) The prayer before the sermon, with petitions for various specified classes of persons. Bid¶dy (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] A name used in calling a hen or chicken. Shak. Bid¶dy, n. [A familiar form of Bridget.] An Irish serving woman or girl. [Colloq.] Bide (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bided; p. pr. & vb. n. Biding.] [OE. biden, AS. bÆdan; akin to OHG. bÆtan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bÆ??; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf. Abide.] 1. To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. All knees to thee shall bow of them that bide In heaven or earth, or under earth, in hell. Milton. 2. To remain; to continue or be permanent in a place or state; to continue to be. Shak. Bide, v. t. 1. To encounter; to remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to suffer; to undergo. Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm. Shak. 2. To wait for; as, I bide my time. See Abide. Bi¶dent (?), n. [L. bidens, Ïentis, having two prongs; bis twice + dens a tooth.] An instrument or weapon with two prongs. BiÏden¶tal (?), a. Having two teeth. Swift. BiÏden¶tate (?), a. (Bot. & Zo”l.) Having two teeth or two toothlike processes; twoÐtoothed. BiÏdet¶ (?), n. [F. bidet, perh. fr. Celtic; cr. Gael. bideach very little, diminutive, bidein a diminutive animal, W. bidan a weakly or sorry wretch.] 1. A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper or dragoon for carrying his baggage. B. Jonson. 2. A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz bath. BiÏdig¶iÏtate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + digitate.] Having two fingers or fingerlike projections. Bid¶ing (?), n. Residence; habitation. Rowe. Bield (?), n. A shelter. Same as Beild. [Scot.] Bield, v. t. To shelter. [Scot.] BiÏen¶niÏal (?), a. [L. biennalis and biennis, fr. biennium a space of two years; bis twice + annus year. Cf. Annual.] 1. Happening, or taking place, once in two years; as, a biennial election. 2. (Bot.) Continuing for two years, and then perishing, as plants which form roots and leaves the first year, and produce fruit the second. BiÏen¶niÏal, n. 1. Something which takes place or appears once in two years; esp. a biennial examination. 2. (Bot.) A plant which exists or lasts for two years. BiÏen¶niÏalÏly, adv. Once in two years. Bier (?), n. [OE. b‘e, beere, AS. b?r, b?re; akin to D. baar, OHG. b¾ra, G. bahre, Icel barar, D? baare, L. feretrum, Gr. ?, from the same ?? bear to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barrow.] 1. A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. 2. (Weaving) A count of forty threads in the warp or chain of woolen cloth. Knight.

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Bier¶balk· (?), n. [See Bier, and Balk, n.] A church road (e. g., a path across fields) for funerals. [Obs.] Homilies. Biest¶ings, Beest¶ings (?), n. pl. [OE. bestynge, AS. b?sting, fr. b?st, beost; akin to D. biest, OHG. biost, G. biest; of unknown origin.] The first milk given by a cow after calving. B. Jonson. The thick and curdy milk ... commonly called biestings. Newton. (1574). BiÏfa¶cial (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + facial.] Having the opposite surfaces alike. BiÏfa¶riÏous (?), a. [L. bifarius; bis twice + fari to speak. Cf. Gr. ? twofold; ? twice + ? to say.] 1. Twofold; arranged in two rows. 2. (Bot.) Pointing two ways, as leaves that grow only on opposite sides of a branch; in two vertical rows. BiÏfa¶riÏousÏly, adv. In a bifarious manner. Bif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. bifer; bis twice + ferre to bear.] Bearing fruit twice a year. Bif¶fin (?), n. [Cf. Beaufin.] 1. A sort of apple peculiar to Norfolk, Eng. [Sometimes called beaufin; but properly beefin (it is said), from its resemblance to raw beef.] Wright. 2. A baked apple pressed down into a flat, round cake; a dried apple. Dickens. Bi¶fid (?), a. [L. bifidus; bis twice + root of findere to cleave or split: cf. F. bifide.] Cleft to the middle or slightly beyond the middle; opening with a cleft; divided by a linear sinus, with straight margins. Bif¶iÏdate (?), a. [L. bifidatus.] See Bifid. BiÏfi¶lar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + filar.] TwoÏthreaded; involving the use of two threads; as, bifilar suspension; a bifilar balance. Bifilar micrometer (often called a bifilar), an instrument form measuring minute distances or angles by means of two very minute threads (usually spider lines), one of which, at least, is movable; Ð more commonly called a filar micrometer. Bi·flaÏbel¶late (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + flabellate.] (Zo”l.) Flabellate on both sides. Bi·flaÏgel¶late (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + flagellate.] Having two long, narrow, whiplike appendages. BiÏflo¶rate (?), BiÏflo¶rous (?), } a. [L. bis twice + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Bearing two flowers; twoÏflowered. Bi¶fold (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + fold.] Twofold; double; of two kinds, degrees, etc. Shak. BiÏfo¶liÏate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + foliate.] (Bot.) Having two leaves; twoÏleaved. BiÏfo¶liÏoÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves. Bif¶oÏrate (?), a. [L. bis twice + foratus, p. p. of forare to bore or pierce.] (Bot.) Having two perforations. Bif¶oÏrine (?), n. [L. biforis, biforus, having two doors; bis twice + foris door.] (Bot.) An oval sac or cell, found in the leaves of certain plants of the order Arace‘. It has an opening at each end through which raphides, generated inside, are discharged. Bi¶forked (?), a. Bifurcate. Bi¶form (?), a. [L. biformis; bis twice + forma shape: cf. F. biforme.] Having two forms, bodies, or shapes. Croxall. Bi¶formed (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + form.] Having two forms. Johnson. BiÏform¶iÏty (?), n. A double form. BiÏforn¶ (?), prep. & adv. Before. [Obs.] Bif¶oÏrous (?), a. [L. biforis having two doors; bis twice, two + foris door.] See Biforate. BiÏfront¶ed (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + front.] Having two fronts. ½Bifronted Janus.¸ Massinger. BiÏfur¶cate (?), BiÏfur¶caÏted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + furcate.] TwoÏpronged; forked. BiÏfur¶cate (?), v. i. To divide into two branches. Bi·furÏca¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. bifurcation.] A forking, or division into two branches. BiÏfur¶cous (?), a. [L. bifurcus; bis twice + furca fork.] See Bifurcate, a. [R.] Coles. Big (?), a. [compar. Bigger; superl. Biggest.] [Perh. from Celtic; cf. W. beichiog, beichiawg, pregnant, with child, fr. baich burden, Arm. beac'h; or cf. OE. bygly, Icel. biggiligr, (properly) habitable; (then) magnigicent, excellent, fr. OE. biggen, Icel. byggja, to dwell, build, akin to E. be.] 1. Having largeness of size; of much bulk or magnitude; of great size; large. ½He's too big to go in there.¸ Shak. 2. Great with young; pregnant; swelling; ready to give birth or produce; Ð often figuratively. [Day] big with the fate of Cato and of Rome. Addison. 3. Having greatness, fullness, importance, inflation, distention, etc., whether in a good or a bad sense; as, a big heart; a big voice; big looks; to look big. As applied to looks, it indicates haughtiness or pride. God hath not in heaven a bigger argument. Jer. Taylor. µ Big is often used in selfÏexplaining compounds; as, bigÏboned; bigÏsounding; bigÏnamed; bigÏvoiced. To talk big, to talk loudly, arrogantly, or pretentiously. I talked big to them at first. De Foe. Syn. Ð Bulky; large; great; massive; gross. Big, Bigg, n. [OE. bif, bigge; akin to Icel. bygg, Dan. byg, Sw. bjugg.] (Bot.) Barley, especially the hardy fourÏrowed kind. ½Bear interchanges in local use, now with barley, now with bigg.¸ New English Dict. Big, Bigg, v. t. [OE. biggen, fr. Icel. byggja to inhabit, to build, b?a (neut.) to dwell (active) to make ready. See Boor, and Bound.] To build. [Scot. & North of Eng. Dial.] Sir W. Scott. ØBi¶ga (?), n. [L.] (Antiq.) A twoÏhorse chariot. Big¶am (?), n. [L. bigamus twice married: cf. F. bigame. See Bigamy.] A bigamist. [Obs.] Big¶aÏmist (?), n. [Cf. Digamist.] One who is guilty of bigamy. Ayliffe. Big¶aÏmous (?), a. Guilty of bigamy; involving bigamy; as, a bigamous marriage. Big¶aÏmy (?), n. [OE. bigamie, fr. L. bigamus twice married; bis twice + Gr. ? marriage; prob. akin to Skt. j¾mis related, and L. gemini twins, the root meaning to bind, join: cf. F. bigamie. Cf. Digamy.] (Law) The offense of marrying one person when already legally married to another. Wharton. µ It is not strictly correct to call this offense bigamy: it more properly denominated polygamy, i. e., having a plurality of wives or husbands at once, and in several statutes in the United States the offense is classed under the head of polygamy. In the canon law bigamy was the marrying of two virgins successively, or one after the death of the other, or once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man for orders, and for holding ecclesiastical offices. Shakespeare uses the word in the latter sense. Blackstone. Bouvier. Base declension and loathed bigamy. Shak. Big·arÏreau¶ (?), Big·aÏroon¶ (?), } n. [F. bigarreau, fr. bigarr‚ variegated.] (Bot.) The large whiteÏheart cherry. Big¶Ðbel·lied (?), a. Having a great belly; as, a bigÏbellied man or flagon; advanced in pregnancy. BiÏgam¶iÏnate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + geminate.] (Bot.) Having a forked petiole, and a pair of leaflets at the end of each division; biconjugate; twice paired; Ð said of a decompound leaf. BiÏgen¶tial (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + L. gens, gentis, tribe.] (Zo”l.) Including two tribes or races of men. Big¶eye· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A fish of the genus Priacanthus, remarkable for the large size of the eye. Bigg (?), n. & v. See Big, n. & v. Big¶gen (?), v. t. & i. To make or become big; to enlarge. [Obs. or Dial.] Steele. Big¶ger (?), a., compar. of Big. Big¶gest (?), a., superl. of Big. Big¶gin (?), n. [F. b‚guin, prob. from the cap worn by the B‚guines. Cf. Beguine, Biggon.] A child's cap; a hood, or something worn on the head. An old woman's biggin for a nightcap. Massinger. Big¶gin, n. A coffeepot with a strainer or perforated metallic vessel for holding the ground coffee, through which boiling water is poured; Ð so called from Mr. Biggin, the inventor. Big¶gin, Big¶ging, } n. [OE. bigging. See Big, Bigg, v. t.] A building. [Obs.] Big¶gon (?), Big¶gonÏnet (?), } n. [ F. b‚guin and OF. beguinet, dim of b‚guin. See Biggin a cap.] A cap or hood with pieces covering the ears. ØBig¶ha (?), n. A measure of land in India, varying from a third of an acre to an acre. Big¶horn· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The Rocky Mountain sheep (Ovis or Caprovis montana). Bight (?), n. [OE. bi?t a bending; cf. Sw. & Dan. bugt bend, bay; fr. AS. byht, fr. b?gan. ?88. Cf. Bout, Bought a bend, and see Bow, v.] 1. A corner, bend, or angle; a hollow; as, the bight of a horse's knee; the bight of an elbow. 2. (Geog.) A bend in a coast forming an open bay; as, the Bight of Benin. 3. (Naut.) The double part of a rope when folded, in distinction from the ends; that is, a round, bend, or coil not including the ends; a loop. BiÏglan¶duÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + glandular.] Having two glands, as a plant. Big¶ly (?), adv. [From Big, a.] In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner; haughtily; violently. He brawleth bigly. Robynson (More's Utopia.) Big¶ness, n. The state or quality of being big; largeness; size; bulk. BigÏno¶niÏa (?), n. [Named from the Abb‚ Bignon.] (Bot.) A large genus of American, mostly tropical, climbing shrubs, having compound leaves and showy somewhat tubular flowers. B. capreolata is the cross vine of the Southern United States. The trumpet creeper was formerly considered to be of this genus. BigÏno·niÏa¶ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the trumpet flower is an example. Big¶ot (?), n. [F. bigot a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to the Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp. bigote a whisker; hombre de bigote a man of spirit and vigor; cf. It. sÏbigottire to terrify, to appall. Wedgwood and others maintain that bigot is from the same source as Beguine, Beghard.] 1. A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite. [Obs.] 2. A person who regards his own faith and views in matters of religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or opinion opposed to or differing from them as unreasonable or wicked. In an extended sense, a person who is intolerant of opinions which conflict with his own, as in politics or morals; one obstinately and blindly devoted to his own church, party, belief, or opinion. To doubt, where bigots had been content to wonder and believe. Macaulay. Big¶ot, a. Bigoted. [Obs.] In a country more bigot than ours. Dryden. Big¶otÏed, a. Obstinately and blindly attached to some creed, opinion practice, or ritual; unreasonably devoted to a system or party, and illiberal toward the opinions of others. ½Bigoted to strife.¸ Byron. Syn. Ð Prejudiced; intolerant; narrowÏminded. Big¶otÏedÏly, adv. In the manner of a bigot. Big¶otÏry (?), n. [Cf. F. bigoterie.] 1. The state of mind of a bigot; obstinate and unreasoning attachment of one's own belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of beliefs opposed to them. 2. The practice or tenets of a bigot. Big¶wig· (?), n. [Big, a. + wig.] A person of consequence; as, the bigwigs of society. [Jocose] In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the bigwigs with extreme condescension. Dickens. Big¶Ðwigged· (?), a. characterized by pomposity of manner. [Eng.] Bi·hyÏdrog¶uÏret (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + hydroguret.] (Chem.) A compound of two atoms of hydrogen with some other substance. [Obs.] ØBiÏjou¶ (?), n.; pl. Bijoux (?). [F.; of uncertain origin.] A trinket; a jewel; Ð a word applied to anything small and of elegant workmanship. BiÏjou¶try (?), n. [F. bijouterie. See Bijou.] Small articles of virtu, as jewelry, trinkets, etc. Bij¶uÏgate (?), a. [L. bis twice + jugatus, p. p. of jugare to join.] (Bot.) Having two pairs, as of leaflets. Bij¶uÏgous (?), a. [L. bijugus yoked two together; bis twice + jugum yoke, pair.] (Bot.) Bijugate. Bike (?), n. [Ethymol. unknown.] A nest of wild bees, wasps, or ants; a swarm. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. ØBikh (?), n. [Hind., fr. Skr. visha poison.] (Bot.) The East Indian name of a virulent poison extracted from Aconitum ferox or other species of aconite: also, the plant itself. BiÏla¶biÏate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + labiate.] (Bot.) Having two lips, as the corols of certain flowers. Bi·laÏcin¶iÏate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + laciniate.] Doubly fringed. ØBiÏla¶lo (?), n. A twoÏmasted passenger boat or small vessel, used in the bay of Manila. BiÏlam¶elÏlate (?), BiÏlam¶elÏla·ted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + lamellate.] (Bot.) Formed of two plates, as the stigma of the Mimulus; also, having two elevated ridges, as in the lip of certain flowers. BiÏlam¶iÏnar (?), BiÏlam¶iÏnate (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + laminar, laminate.] Formed of, or having, two lamin‘, or thin plates. Bi¶land (?), n. A byland. [Obs.] Holland. Bil¶anÏder (?), n. [D. bijlander; bij by + land land, country.] (Naut.) A small twoÏmasted merchant vessel, fitted only for coasting, or for use in canals, as in Holland. Why choose we, then, like bilanders to creep Along the coast, and land in view to keep? Dryden. BiÏlat¶erÏal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + lateral: cf. F. bilat‚ral.] 1. Having two sides; arranged upon two sides; affecting two sides or two parties. 2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the two sides of a central area or organ, or of a central axis; as, bilateral symmetry in animals, where there is a similarity of parts on the right and left sides of the body. BiÏlat·erÏal¶iÏty (?), n. State of being bilateral. Bil¶berÏry (?), n.; pl. Bilberries (?). [Cf. Dan. b”lleb‘r bilberry, where b”lle is perh. akin to E. ball.] 1. (Bot.) The European whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); also, its edible bluish black fruit. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shak. 2. (Bot.) Any similar plant or its fruit; esp., in America, the species Vaccinium myrtilloides, V. c‘spitosum and V. uliginosum. Bil¶bo (?), n.; pl. Bilboes (?). 1. A rapier; a sword; so named from Bilbao, in Spain. Shak. 2. pl. A long bar or bolt of iron with sliding shackles, and a lock at the end, to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders, esp. on board of ships. Methought I lay Worse than the mutines in the bilboes. Shak. ØBil¶boÏquet (?), n. [F.] The toy called cup and ball. Bil¶cock (?), n. (Zo”l.) The European water rail. ØBild¶stein (?), n. [G., fr. bild image, likeness + stein stone.] Same as Agalmatolite. Bile (?), n. [L. bilis: cf. F. bile.] 1. (Physiol.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters. 2. Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile. Prescott. µ The ancients considered the bile to be the ½humor¸ which caused irascibility. Bile, n. [OE. byle, bule, bele, AS. b?le, b?l; skin to D. buil, G. beule, and Goth. ufbauljan to puff up. Cf. Boil a tumor, Bulge.] A boil. [Obs. or Archaic] BiÏlec¶tion (?), n. (Arch.) That portion of a group of moldings which projects beyond the general surface of a panel; a bolection. Bile¶stone· (?), n. [Bile + stone.] A gallstone, or biliary calculus. See Biliary. E. Darwin. Bilge (?), n. [A different orthography of bulge, of same origin as belly. Cf. Belly, Bulge.] 1. The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually in the middle. 2. (Naut.) That part of a ship's hull or bottom which is broadest and most nearly flat, and on which she would rest if aground. 3. Bilge water. Bilge free (Naut.), stowed in such a way that the bilge is clear of everything; Ð said of a cask. Ð Bilge pump, a pump to draw the bilge water from the gold of a ship. Ð Bilge water (Naut.), water which collects in the bilge or bottom of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain till it becomes very offensive. Ð Bilge ways, the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon the ways, and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the vessel.

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Bilge (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bilged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bilging.] 1. (Naut.) To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge. 2. To bulge. Bilge, v. t. 1. (Naut.) To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of ( a ship or other vessel). 2. To cause to bulge. Bil¶gy (?), a. Having the smell of bilge water. Bil¶laÏry (?), a. [L. bilis bile: cf. F. biliaire.] (Physiol.) Relating or belonging to bile; conveying bile; as, biliary acids; biliary ducts. Biliary calculus (Med.), a gallstone, or a concretion formed in the gall bladder or its duct. Bil·iÏa¶tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The production and excretion of bile. BiÏlif¶erÏous (?), a. Generating bile. Bil·iÏfus¶cin (?), n. [L. bilis bile + fuscus dark.] (Physiol.) A brownish green pigment found in human gallstones and in old bile. It is a derivative of bilirubin. ØBiÏlim¶bi (?), ØBiÏlim¶bing (?), } n. [Malay.] The berries of two East Indian species of Averrhoa, of the Oxalide‘ or Sorrel family. They are very acid, and highly esteemed when preserved or picked. The juice is used as a remedy for skin diseases. [Written also blimbi and blimbing.] Bil¶iÏment (?), n. A woman's ornament; habiliment. [Obs.] Bi¶lin (?), n. [Cf. F. biline, from L. bilis bile.] (Physiol. Chem.) A name applied to the amorphous or crystalline mass obtained from bile by the action of alcohol and ether. It is composed of a mixture of the sodium salts of the bile acids. BiÏlin¶eÏar (?), a. (Math.) Of, pertaining to, or included by, two lines; as, bilinear co”rdinates. BiÏlin¶gual (?), a. [L. bilinguis; bis twice + lingua tongue, language.] Containing, or consisting of, two languages; expressed in two languages; as, a bilingual inscription; a bilingual dictionary. Ð BiÏlin¶gualÏly, adv. BiÏlin¶gualÏism (?), n. Quality of being bilingual. The bilingualism of King's English. Earle. BiÏlin¶guar (?), a. See Bilingual. BiÏlin¶guist (?), n. One versed in two languages. BiÏlin¶guous (?), a. [L. bilinguis.] Having two tongues, or speaking two languages. [Obs.] Bil¶ious (?), a. [L. biliosus, fr. bilis bile.] 1. Of or pertaining to the bile. 2. Disordered in respect to the bile; troubled with and excess of bile; as, a bilious patient; dependent on, or characterized by, an excess of bile; as, bilious symptoms. 3. Choleric; passionate; ill tempered. ½A bilious old nabob.¸ Macaulay. Bilious temperament. See Temperament. Bil¶iousÏness, n. The state of being bilious. Bil·iÏpra¶sin (?), n. [L. bilis bile + prasinus green.] (Physiol.) A dark green pigment found in small quantity in human gallstones. Bil·iÏru¶bin (?), n. [L. bilis biel + ruber red.] (Physiol.) A reddish yellow pigment present in human bile, and in that from carnivorous and herbivorous animals; the normal biliary pigment. BiÏlit¶erÏal (?), a. [L. bis twice + littera letter.] Consisting of two letters; as, a biliteral root of a Sanskrit verb. Sir W. Jones. Ð n. A word, syllable, or root, consisting of two letters. BiÏlit¶erÏalÏism (?), n. The property or state of being biliteral. Bil·iÏver¶din (?), n. [L. bilis bile + viridis green. Cf. Verdure.] (Physiol.) A green pigment present in the bile, formed from bilirubin by oxidation. Bilk (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bilked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bilking.] [Origin unknown. Cf. Balk.] To frustrate or disappoint; to deceive or defraud, by nonfulfillment of engagement; to leave in the lurch; to give the slip to; as, to bilk a creditor. Thackeray. Bilk, n. 1. A thwarting an adversary in cribbage by spoiling his score; a balk. 2. A cheat; a trick; a hoax. Hudibras. 3. Nonsense; vain words. B. Jonson. 4. A person who tricks a creditor; an untrustworthy, tricky person. Marryat. Bill (?), n. [OE. bile, bille, AS. bile beak of a bird, proboscis; cf. Ir. & Gael. bil, bile, mouth, lip, bird's bill. Cf. Bill a weapon.] A beak, as of a bird, or sometimes of a turtle or other animal. Milton. Bill, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Billed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Billing.] 1. To strike; to peck. [Obs.] 2. To join bills, as doves; to caress in fondness. ½As pigeons bill.¸ Shak. To bill and coo, to interchange caresses; Ð said of doves; also of demonstrative lovers. Thackeray. Bill, n. The bell, or boom, of the bittern The bittern's hollow bill was heard. Wordsworth. Bill, n. [OE. bil, AS. bill, bil; akin to OS. bil sword, OHG. bill pickax, G. bille. Cf. Bill bea?.] 1. A cutting instrument, with hookÏshaped point, and fitted with a handle; Ð used in pruning, etc.; a billhook. When short, called a hand bill, when long, a hedge bill. 2. A weapon of infantry, in the 14th and 15th centuries. A common form of bill consisted of a broad, heavy, doubleÏedged, hookÏshaped blade, having a short pike at the back and another at the top, and attached to the end of a long staff. France had no infantry that dared to face the English bows end bills. Macaulay. 3. One who wields a bill; a billman. Strype. 4. A pickax, or mattock. [Obs.] 5. (Naut.) The extremity of the arm of an anchor; the point of or beyond the fluke. Bill (?), v. t. To work upon ( as to dig, hoe, hack, or chop anything) with a bill. Bill, n. [OE. bill, bille, fr. LL. billa (or OF. bille), for L. bulla anything rounded, LL., seal, stamp, letter, edict, roll; cf. F. bille a ball, prob. fr. Ger.; cf. MHG. bickel, D. bikkel, dice. Cf. Bull papal edict, Billet a paper.] 1. (Law) A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law. 2. A writing binding the signer or signers to pay a certain sum at a future day or on demand, with or without interest, as may be stated in the document. [Eng.] µ In the United States, it is usually called a note, a note of hand, or a promissory note. 3. A form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law. 4. A paper, written or printed, and posted up or given away, to advertise something, as a lecture, a play, or the sale of goods; a placard; a poster; a handbill. She put up the bill in her parlor window. Dickens. 5. An account of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; a statement of a creditor's claim, in gross or by items; as, a grocer's bill. 6. Any paper, containing a statement of particulars; as, a bill of charges or expenditures; a weekly bill of mortality; a bill of fare, etc. Bill of adventure. See under Adventure. Ð Bill of costs, a statement of the items which form the total amount of the costs of a party to a suit or action. Ð Bill of credit. (a) Within the constitution of the United States, a paper issued by a State, on the mere faith and credit of the State, and designed to circulate as money. No State shall ½emit bills of credit.¸ U. S. Const. Peters. Wharton. Bouvier (b) Among merchants, a letter sent by an agent or other person to a merchant, desiring him to give credit to the bearer for goods or money. Ð Bill of divorce, in the Jewish law, a writing given by the husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was dissolved. Jer. iii. 8. Ð Bill of entry, a written account of goods entered at the customhouse, whether imported or intended for exportation. Ð Bill of exceptions. See under Exception. Ð Bill of exchange (Com.), a written order or request from one person or house to another, desiring the latter to pay to some person designated a certain sum of money therein generally is, and, to be negotiable, must be, made payable to order or to bearer. So also the order generally expresses a specified time of payment, and that it is drawn for value. The person who draws the bil is called the drawer, the person on whom it is drawn is, before acceptance, called the drawee, Ð after acceptance, the acceptor; the person to whom the money is directed to be paid is called the payee. The person making the order may himself be the payee. The bill itself is frequently called a draft. See Exchange. Chitty. Ð Bill of fare, a written or printed enumeration of the dishes served at a public table, or of the dishes (with prices annexed) which may be ordered at a restaurant, etc. Ð Bill of health, a certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health of a ship's company at the time of her leaving port. Ð Bill of indictment, a written accusation lawfully presented to a grand jury. If the jury consider the evidence sufficient to support the accusation, they indorse it ½A true bill,¸ or ½Not found,¸ or ½Ignoramus¸, or ½Ignored.¸ Ð Bill of lading, a written account of goods shipped by any person, signed by the agent of the owner of the vessel, or by its master, acknowledging the receipt of the goods, and promising to deliver them safe at the place directed, dangers of the sea excepted. It is usual for the master to sign two, three, or four copies of the bill; one of which he keeps in possession, one is kept by the shipper, and one is sent to the consignee of the goods. Ð Bill of mortality, an official statement of the number of deaths in a place or district within a given time; also, a district required to be covered by such statement; as, a place within the bills of mortality of London. Ð Bill of pains and penalties, a special act of a legislature which inflicts a punishment less than death upon persons supposed to be guilty of treason or felony, without any conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings. Bouvier. Wharton. Ð Bill of parcels, an account given by the seller to the buyer of the several articles purchased, with the price of each. Ð Bill of particulars (Law), a detailed statement of the items of a plaintiff's demand in an action, or of the defendant's setÏoff. Ð Bill of rights, a summary of rights and privileges claimed by a people. Such was the declaration presented by the Lords and Commons of England to the Prince and Princess of Orange in 1688, and enacted in Parliament after they became king and queen. In America, a bill or declaration of rights is prefixed to most of the constitutions of the several States. Ð Bill of sale, a formal instrument for the conveyance or transfer of goods and chattels. Ð Bill of sight, a form of entry at the customhouse, by which goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of full information, may be provisionally landed for examination. Ð Bill of store, a license granted at the customhouse to merchants, to carry such stores and provisions as are necessary for a voyage, custom free. Wharton. Ð Bills payable (pl.), the outstanding unpaid notes or acceptances made and issued by an individual or firm. Ð Bills receivable (pl.), the unpaid promissory notes or acceptances held by an individual or firm. McElrath. Ð A true bill, a bill of indictment sanctioned by a grand jury. Bill, v. t. 1. To advertise by a bill or public notice. 2. To charge or enter in a bill; as, to bill goods. Bil¶lage (?), n. and v. t. & i. Same as Bilge. Bil¶lard (?), n. (Zo”l.) An English fish, allied to the cod; the coalfish. [Written also billet and billit.] Bill·bee¶tle (?), or Bill¶bug· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A weevil or curculio of various species, as the corn weevil. See Curculio. Bill¶board· (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on the bow or fore channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on. Totten. 2. A flat surface, as of a panel or of a fence, on which bills are posted; a bulletin board. Bill¶ book· (?). (Com.) A book in which a person keeps an account of his notes, bills, bills of exchange, etc., thus showing all that he issues and receives. Bill¶ bro·ker (?). One who negotiates the discount of bills. Billed (?), a. Furnished with, or having, a bill, as a bird; Ð used in composition; as, broadÏbilled. Bil¶let (?), n. [F. billet, dim. of an OF. bille bill. See Bill a writing.] 1. A small paper; a note; a short letter. ½I got your melancholy billet.¸ Sterne. 2. A ticket from a public officer directing soldiers at what house to lodge; as, a billet of residence. Bil¶let, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Billeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Billeting.] [From Billet a ticket.] (Mil.) To direct, by a ticket or note, where to lodge. Hence: To quarter, or place in lodgings, as soldiers in private houses. Billeted in so antiquated a mansion. W. Irving. Bil¶let, n. [F. billette, bille, log; of unknown origin; a different word from bille ball. Cf. Billiards, Billot.] 1. A small stick of wood, as for firewood. They shall beat out my brains with billets. Shak. 2. (Metal.) A short bar of metal, as of gold or iron. 3. (Arch.) An ornament in Norman work, resembling a billet of wood either square or round. 4. (Saddlery) (a) A strap which enters a buckle. (b) A loop which receives the end of a buckled strap. Knight. 5. (Her.) A bearing in the form of an oblong rectangle. ØBil·letÐdoux¶ (?), n.; pl. BilletsÐdoux (?). [F. billet note + doux sweet, L. dulcis.] A love letter or note. A lover chanting out a billetÐdoux. Spectator. Bil¶letÏhead· (?), n. (Naut.) A round piece of timber at the bow or stern of a whaleboat, around which the harpoon lone is run out when the whale darts off. Bill¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A name applied to several distinct fishes: (a) The garfish (Tylosurus, or Belone, longirostris) and allied species. (b) The saury, a slender fish of the Atlantic coast (Scomberesox saurus). (c) The Tetrapturus albidus, a large oceanic species related to the swordfish; the spearfish. (d) The American freshÏwater garpike (Lepidosteus osseus). Bill¶head· (?), n. A printed form, used by merchants in making out bills or rendering accounts. Bill¶ hold·er (?). 1. A person who holds a bill or acceptance. 2. A device by means of which bills, etc., are held. Bill¶hook· (?), n. [Bill + hook.] A thick, heavy knife with a hooked point, used in pruning hedges, etc. When it has a short handle, it is sometimes called a hand bill; when the handle is long, a hedge bill or scimiter. Bil¶liard (?), a. Of or pertaining to the game of billiards. ½Smooth as is a billiard ball.¸ B. Jonson. Bil¶liards (?), n. [F. billiard billiards, OF. billart staff, cue form playing, fr. bille log. See Billet a stick.] A game played with ivory balls o a clothÏcovered, rectangular table, bounded by elastic cushions. The player seeks to impel his ball with his cue so that it shall either strike (carom upon) two other balls, or drive another ball into one of the pockets with which the table sometimes is furnished. Bill¶ing (?), a. & n. Caressing; kissing. Bil¶lingsÏgate· (?), n. 1. A market near the Billings gate in London, celebrated for fish and foul language. 2. Coarsely abusive, foul, or profane language; vituperation; ribaldry. Bil¶lion (?), n. [F. billion, arbitrarily formed fr. L. bis twice, in imitation of million a million. See Million.] According to the French and American method of numeration, a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000; according to the English method, a million millions, or 1,000,000,000,000. See Numeration. Bill¶man (?), n.; pl. Billmen (?). One who uses, or is armed with, a bill or hooked ax. ½A billman of the guard.¸ Savile. ØBil·lon¶ (?), n. [F. Cf. Billet a stick.] An alloy of gold and silver with a large proportion of copper or other base metal, used in coinage. Bil¶lot (?), n. [F. billot, dim. of bille. See Billet a stick.] Bullion in the bar or mass. Bil¶low (?), n. [Cf. Icel. bylgja billow, Dan. b”lge, Sw. b”lja; akin to MHG. bulge billow, bag, and to E. bulge. See Bulge.] 1. A great wave or surge of the sea or other water, caused usually by violent wind. Whom the winds waft where'er the billows roll. Cowper. 2. A great wave or flood of anything. Milton. Bil¶low, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Billowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Billowing.] To surge; to rise and roll in waves or surges; to undulate. ½The billowing snow.¸ Prior. Bil¶lowÏy (?), a. Of or pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large waves; full of billows or surges; resembling billows. And whitening down the manyÏtinctured stream, Descends the billowy foam. Thomson. Bill¶post·er (?), Bill¶stick¶er (?), } n. One whose occupation is to post handbills or posters in public places. Bil¶ly (?), n. 1. A club; esp., a policeman's club. 2. (Wool Manuf.) A slubbing or roving machine. Bil¶lyÏboy· (?), n. A flatÏbottomed river barge or coasting vessel. [Eng.] Bil¶ly goat· (?). A male goat. [Colloq.]

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BiÏlo¶bate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + lobate.] Divided into two lobes or segments. Bi¶lobed (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + lobe.] Bilobate. Bi·loÏca¶tion (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + location.] Double location; the state or power of being in two places at the same instant; Ð a miraculous power attributed to some of the saints. Tylor. BiÏloc¶uÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + locular: cf. F. biloculaire.] Divided into two cells or compartments; as, a bilocular pericarp. Gray. Bil¶sted (?), n. (Bot.) See Sweet gum. ØBil¶tong (?), n. [S. African.] Lean meat cut into strips and sunÏdried. H. R. Haggard. BiÏmac¶uÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + maculate, a.] Having, or marked with, two spots. ØBim¶aÏna (?), n. pl. [NL. See Bimanous.] (Zo”l.) Animals having two hands; Ð a term applied by Cuvier to man as a special order of Mammalia. Bim¶aÏnous (?), a. [L. bis twice + manus hand.] (Zo”l.) Having two hands; twoÏhanded. BiÏmar¶ginÏate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + marginate.] Having a double margin, as certain shells. BiÏmas¶tism (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + Gr. ? breast.] (Anat.) The condition of having two mamm‘ or teats. BiÏme¶diÏal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + medial.] (Geom.) Applied to a line which is the sum of two lines commensurable only in power (as the side and diagonal of a square). BiÏmem¶bral (?), a. [L. bis twice + membrum member.] (Gram.) Having two members; as, a bimembral sentence. J. W. Gibbs. BiÏmen¶sal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + mensal.] See Bimonthly, a. [Obs. or R.] BiÏmes¶triÏal (?), a. [L. bimestris; bis twice + mensis month.] Continuing two months. [R.] Bi·meÏtal¶lic (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + metallic: cf. F. bim‚tallique.] Of or relating to, or using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a system of coins or currency. BiÏmet¶alÏlism (?), n. [F. bim‚talisme.] The legalized use of two metals (as gold and silver) in the currency of a country, at a fixed relative value; Ð in opposition to monometallism. µ The words bim‚tallisme and monom‚tallisme are due to M. Cernuschi [1869]. Littr‚. BiÏmet¶alÏlist (?), n. An advocate of bimetallism. BiÏmonth¶ly (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + monthly.] Occurring, done, or coming, once in two months; as, bimonthly visits; bimonthly publications. Ð n. A bimonthly publication. BiÏmonth¶ly, adv. Once in two months. BiÏmus¶cuÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + muscular.] (Zo”l.) Having two adductor muscles, as a bivalve mollusk. Bin (?), n. [OE. binne, AS. binn manager, crib; perh. akin to D. ben, benne, basket, and to L. benna a kind of carriage ( a Gallic word), W. benn, men, wain, cart.] A box, frame, crib, or inclosed place, used as a receptacle for any commodity; as, a corn bin; a wine bin; a coal bin. Bin, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Binned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Binning.] To put into a bin; as, to bin wine. Bin. An old form of Be and Been. [Obs.] BinÏ. A euphonic form of the prefix BiÏ. Bi¶nal (?), a. [See Binary.] Twofold; double. [R.] ½Binal revenge, all this.¸ Ford. Bin·arÏse¶niÏate (?), n. [Pref. binÏ + arseniate.] (Chem.) A salt having two equivalents of arsenic acid to one of the base. Graham. Bi¶naÏry (?), a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F. binaire.] Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterized by two (things). Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. Davies & Peck. Ð Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of an element and a compound performing the function of an element, or of two compounds performing the function of elements. Ð Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448. Ð Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four; common time. Ð Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the names designate both genus and species. Ð Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose ratio is two. Ð Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a revolution round their common center of gravity. Ð Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike qualities. Bi¶naÏry, n. That which is constituted of two figures, things, or parts; two; duality. Fotherby. Bi¶nate (?), a. [L. bini two and two.] (Bot.) Double; growing in pairs or couples. Gray. BinÏau¶ral (?), a. [Pref. binÏ + aural.] Of or pertaining to, or used by, both ears. Bind (?), v. t. [imp. Bound (?); p. p. Bound, formerly Bounden (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Binding.] [AS. bindan, perfect tense band, bundon, p. p. bunden; akin to D. & G. binden, Dan. binde, Sw. & Icel. binda, Goth. bindan, Skr. bandh (for bhandh) to bind, cf. Gr. ? (for ?) cable, and L. offendix. ?90.] 1. To tie, or confine with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.; to fetter; to make fast; as, to bind grain in bundles; to bind a prisoner. 2. To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force or influence of any kind; as, attraction binds the planets to the sun; frost binds the earth, or the streams. He bindeth the floods from overflowing. Job xxviii. 11. Whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years. Luke xiii. 16. 3. To cover, as with a bandage; to bandage or dress; Ð sometimes with up; as, to bind up a wound. 4. To make fast ( a thing) about or upon something, as by tying; to encircle with something; as, to bind a belt about one; to bind a compress upon a part. 5. To prevent or restrain from customary or natural action; as, certain drugs bind the bowels. 6. To protect or strengthen by a band or binding, as the edge of a carpet or garment. 7. To sew or fasten together, and inclose in a cover; as, to bind a book. 8. Fig.: To oblige, restrain, or hold, by authority, law, duty, promise, vow, affection, or other moral tie; as, to bind the conscience; to bind by kindness; bound by affection; commerce binds nations to each other. Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. Milton. 9. (Law) (a) To bring (any one) under definite legal obligations; esp. under the obligation of a bond or covenant. Abbott. (b) To place under legal obligation to serve; to indenture; as, to bind an apprentice; Ð sometimes with out; as, bound out to service. To bind over, to put under bonds to do something, as to appear at court, to keep the peace, etc. Ð To bind to, to contract; as, to bind one's self to a wife. Ð To bind up in, to cause to be wholly engrossed with; to absorb in. Syn. Ð To fetter; tie; fasten; restrain; restrict; oblige. Bind (?), v. i. 1. To tie; to confine by any ligature. They that reap must sheaf and bind. Shak. 2. To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to cohere or stick together in a mass; as, clay binds by heat. Mortimer. 3. To be restrained from motion, or from customary or natural action, as by friction. 4. To exert a binding or restraining influence. Locke. Bind, n. 1. That which binds or ties. 2. Any twining or climbing plant or stem, esp. a hop vine; a bine. 3. (Metal.) Indurated clay, when much mixed with the oxide of iron. Kirwan. 4. (Mus.) A ligature or tie for grouping notes. Bind¶er (?), n. 1. One who binds; as, a binder of sheaves; one whose trade is to bind; as, a binder of books. 2. Anything that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or band; a bandage; Ð esp. the principal piece of timber intended to bind together any building. Bind¶erÏy (?), n. A place where books, or other articles, are bound; a bookbinder's establishment. Bind¶heimÏite (?), n. [From Bindheim, a German who analyzed it.] (Min.) An amorphous antimonate of lead, produced from the alteration of other ores, as from jamesonite. Bind¶ing (?), a. That binds; obligatory. Binding beam (Arch.), the main timber in double flooring. Ð Binding joist (Arch.), the secondary timber in doubleÏframed flooring. Syn. Ð Obligatory; restraining; restrictive; stringent; astringent; costive; styptic. Bind¶ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who, or that which, binds. 2. Anything that binds; a bandage; the cover of a book, or the cover with the sewing, etc.; something that secures the edge of cloth from raveling. 3. pl. (Naut.) The transoms, knees, beams, keelson, and other chief timbers used for connecting and strengthening the parts of a vessel. Bind¶ingÏly, adv. So as to bind. Bind¶ingÏness, n. The condition or property of being binding; obligatory quality. Coleridge. Bind¶weed· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Convolvulus; as, greater bindweed (C. Sepium); lesser bindweed (C. arvensis); the white, the blue, the Syrian, bindweed. The black bryony, or Tamus, is called black bindweed, and the Smilax aspera, rough bindweed. The fragile bindweed bells and bryony rings. Tennyson. Bine (?), n. [Bind, cf. Woodbine.] The winding or twining stem of a hop vine or other climbing plant. BiÏnerv¶ate (?), a. [L. bis twice + nervus sinew, nerve.] 1. (Bot.) TwoÏnerved; Ð applied to leaves which have two longitudinal ribs or nerves. 2. (Zo”l.) Having only two nerves, as the wings of some insects. Bing (?), n. [Cf. Icel. bingr, Sw. binge, G. beige, beuge. Cf. Prov. E. bink bench, and bench coal the uppermost stratum of coal.] A heap or pile; as, a bing of wood. ½Potato bings.¸ Burns. ½A bing of corn.¸ Surrey. [Obs. or Dial. Eng. & Scot.] BinÏi¶oÏdide (?), n. Same as Diiodide. Bink (?), n. A bench. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Bin¶naÏcle (?), n. [For bittacle, corrupted (perh. by influence of bin) fr. Pg. bitacola binnacle, fr. L. habitaculum dwelling place, fr. habitare to dwell. See Habit, and cf. Bittacle.] (Naut.) A case or box placed near the helmsman, containing the compass of a ship, and a light to show it at night. Totten. Bin¶ny (?), n. (Zo”l.) A large species of barbel (Barbus bynni), found in the Nile, and much esteemed for food. Bin¶oÏcle (?), n. [F. binocle; L. bini two at a time + oculus eye.] (Opt.) A dioptric telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to view an object with both eyes at once; a doubleÏbarreled field glass or an opera glass. BinÏoc¶uÏlar (?), a. [Cf. F. binoculaire. See Binocle.] 1. Having two eyes. ½Most animals are binocular.¸ Derham. 2. Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at once; as, binocular vision. 3. Adapted to the use of both eyes; as, a binocular microscope or telescope. Brewster. BinÏoc¶uÏlar (?), n. A binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or microscope. BinÏoc¶uÏlarÏly, adv. In a binocular manner. BinÏoc¶uÏlate (?), a. Having two eyes. BiÏno¶miÏal (?), n. [L. bis twice + nomen name: cf. F. binome, LL. binomius (or fr. biÏ + Gr. ? distribution ?). Cf. Monomial.] (Alg.) An expression consisting of two terms connected by the sign plus (+) or minus (Ð); as, a+b, or 7Ð3. BiÏno¶miÏal, a. 1. Consisting of two terms; pertaining to binomials; as, a binomial root. 2. (Nat. Hist.) Having two names; Ð used of the system by which every animal and plant receives two names, the one indicating the genus, the other the species, to which it belongs. Binomial theorem (Alg.), the theorem which expresses the law of formation of any power of a binomial. BiÏnom¶iÏnal (?), a. [See Binomial.] Of or pertaining to two names; binomial. BiÏnom¶iÏnous (?), a. Binominal. [Obs.] BiÏnot¶oÏnous (?), a. [L. bini two at a time + tonus, fr. Gr. ?, tone.] Consisting of two notes; as, a binotonous cry. Bi¶nous (?), a. Same as Binate. BinÏox¶aÏlate (?), n. [Pref. binÏ + oxalate.] (Chem.) A salt having two equivalents of oxalic acid to one of the base; an acid oxalate. BinÏox¶ide (?), n. [Pref. binÏ + oxide.] (Chem.) Same as Dioxide. ØBin¶tuÏrong (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small Asiatic civet of the genus Arctilis. BiÏnu¶cleÏar (?), BiÏnu¶cleÏate (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + nuclear, nucleate.] (Biol.) Having two nuclei; as, binucleate cells. BiÏnu¶cleÏoÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + nucleolus.] (Biol.) Having two nucleoli. Bi¶oÏblast (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïblast.] (Biol.) Same as Bioplast. BiÏoc¶elÏlate (?), a. [L. bis twice + ocellatus. See Ocellated.] (Zo”l.) Having two ocelli (eyelike spots); Ð said of a wing, etc. Bi·oÏchem¶isÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. chemistry.] (Biol.) The chemistry of living organisms; the chemistry of the processes incidental to ? characteristic of, life. Bi·oÏdyÏnam¶ics (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. dynamics.] (Biol.) The doctrine of vital forces or energy. Bi¶oÏgen (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïgen.] (Biol.) Bioplasm. Bi·oÏgen¶eÏsis (?), BiÏog¶eÏny (?), } n. [Gr. ? life + ?, ?, birth.] (Biol.) (a) A doctrine that the genesis or production of living organisms can take place only through the agency of living germs or parents; Ð opposed to abiogenesis. (b) Life development generally. Bi·oÏgeÏnet¶ic (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to biogenesis. BiÏog¶eÏnist (?), n. A believer in the theory of biogenesis. ØBi·ogÏno¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? investigation.] (Biol.) The investigation of life. BiÏog¶raÏpher (?), n. One who writes an account or history of the life of a particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch. Bi¶oÏgraph¶ic (?), Bi·oÏgraph¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography. Ð Bi·oÏgraph¶icÏalÏly, adv. BiÏog¶raÏphize (?), v. t. To write a history of the life of. Southey. BiÏog¶raÏphy (?), n.; pl. Biographies (?). [Gr. ?; ? life + ? to write: cf. F. biographie. See Graphic.] 1. The written history of a person's life. 2. Biographical writings in general. Bi·oÏlog¶ic (?), Bi·oÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or relating to biology. Ð Bi·oÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. BiÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology. BiÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïlogy: cf. F. biologie.] The science of life; that branch of knowledge which treats of living matter as distinct from matter which is not living; the study of living tissue. It has to do with the origin, structure, development, function, and distribution of animals and plants. ØBiÏol¶yÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? a dissolving.] (Biol.) The destruction of life. Bi·oÏlyt¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? life + ? to destroy.] Relating to the destruction of life. Bi·oÏmagÏnet¶ic (?), a. Relating to biomagnetism. Bi·oÏmag¶netÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. magnetism.] Animal magnetism. BiÏom¶eÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïmetry.] Measurement of life; calculation of the probable duration of human life. Bi¶on (?), n. [Gr. ? living, p. pr. of ? to live.] (Biol.) The physiological individual, characterized by definiteness and independence of function, in distinction from the morphological individual or morphon. BiÏon¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? law.] Physiology. [R.] Dunglison. Bi¶oÏphor· Bi¶oÏphore· } (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? bearing, fr. ? to bear.] (Biol.) One of the smaller vital units of a cell, the bearer of vitality and heredity. See Pangen, in Supplement. Bi¶oÏplasm (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? form, mold, fr. ? to mold.] (Biol.) A name suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed to be essential to the functions of all living beings; the material through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered protoplasm.

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Bi·oÏplas¶mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, bioplasm. Bi¶oÏplast (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? to form.] (Biol.) A tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a living unit and having formative power, as a living white blood corpuscle; bioblast. Bi·oÏplas¶tic (?), a. (Biol.) Bioplasmic. BiÏor¶gan (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. organ.] (Biol.) A physiological organ; a living organ; an organ endowed with function; Ð distinguished from idorgan. Bi·oÏstat¶ics (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ?. See Statics.] (Biol.) The physical phenomena of organized bodies, in opposition to their organic or vital phenomena. Bi·oÏstaÏtis¶tics (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. statistics.] (Biol.) Vital statistics. Bi¶oÏtax·y (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? arrangement.] (Biol.) The classification of living organisms according to their structural character; taxonomy. BiÏot¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? pert. to life.] (Biol.) Relating to life; as, the biotic principle. Bi¶oÏtite (?), n. [From Biot, a French naturalist.] (Min.) Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or dark green color; Ð a common constituent of crystalline rocks. See Mica. BiÏpal¶mate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + palmate.] (Bot.) Palmately branched, with the branches again palmated. Bi·paÏri¶eÏtal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + parietal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diameter of the cranium, from one parietal fossa to the other. Bip¶aÏrous (?), a. [L. bis twice + parere to bring forth.] Bringing forth two at a birth. BiÏpart¶iÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. bipartible. See Bipartite.] Capable of being divided into two parts. BiÏpar¶tient (?), a. [L. bis twice + partiens, p. pr. of partire to divide.] Dividing into two parts. Ð n. A number that divides another into two equal parts without a remainder. BiÏpar¶tile (?), a. Divisible into two parts. Bip¶arÏtite (?), a. [L. bipartitus, p. p. of bipartire; bis twice + partire. See Partite.] 1. Being in two parts; having two correspondent parts, as a legal contract or writing, one for each party; shared by two; as, a bipartite treaty. 2. Divided into two parts almost to the base, as a leaf; consisting of two parts or subdivisions. Gray. Bi·parÏti¶tion (?), n. The act of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts, or the state of being so divided. BiÏpec¶tiÏnate (?), BiÏpec¶tiÏna·ted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + pectinate.] (Biol.) Having two margins toothed like a comb. Bi¶ped (?), n. [L. bipes; bis twice + pes, pedis, ?oot: cf. F. bipŠde.] A twoÏfooted animal, as man. Bi¶ped, a. Having two feet; twoÏfooted. By which the man, when heavenly life was ceased, Became a helpless, naked, biped beast. Byrom. Bip¶eÏdal (?), a. [L. bipedalis: cf. F. bip‚dal. See Biped, n.] 1. Having two feet; biped. 2. Pertaining to a biped. BiÏpel¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + peltate.] Having a shell or covering like a double shield. BiÏpen¶nate (?), BiÏpen¶naÏted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + pennate: cf. L. bipennis. Cf. Bipinnate.] Having two wings. ½Bipennated insects.¸ Derham. ØBiÏpen¶nis (?), n. [L.] An ax with an edge or blade on each side of the handle. BiÏpet¶alÏous (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + petalous.] (Bot.) Having two petals. ØBi·pinÏna¶riÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. L. bis twice + pinna feather.] (Zo”l.) The larva of certain starfishes as developed in the freeÏswimming stage. BiÏpin¶nate (?), BiÏpin¶naÏted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + pinnate; cf. F. bipinn‚. Cf. Bipennate.] Twice pinnate. Bi·pinÏnat¶iÏfid (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + pinnatifid.] (Bot.) Doubly pinnatifid. A bipinnatifid leaf is a pinnatifid leaf having its segments or divisions also pinnatifid. The primary divisions are pinn‘ and the secondary pinnules. Bip¶liÏcate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + plicate.] Twice folded together. Henslow. BiÏplic¶iÏty (?), n. The state of being twice folded; reduplication. [R.] Bailey. BiÏpo¶lar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + polar. Cf. Dipolar.] Doubly polar; having two poles; as, a bipolar cell or corpuscle. Bi·poÏlar¶iÏty (?), n. Bipolar quality. Bi¶pont (?), BiÏpont¶ine (?), a. (Bibliog.) Relating to books printed at Deuxponts, or Bipontium (Zweibrcken), in Bavaria. BiÏpunc¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + punctate.] Having two punctures, or spots. BiÏpunc¶tuÏal (?), a. Having two points. BiÏpu¶pilÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + pupil (of the eye).] (Zo”l.) Having an eyelike spot on the wing, with two dots within it of a different color, as in some butterflies. Bi·pyÏram¶iÏdal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + pyramidal.] Consisting of two pyramids placed base to base; having a pyramid at each of the extremities of a prism, as in quartz crystals. BiÏquad¶rate (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + quadrate.] (Math.) The fourth power, or the square of the square. Thus 4x4=16, the square of 4, and 16x16=256, the biquadrate of 4. Bi·quadÏrat¶ic (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + quadratic: cf. F. biquadratique.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to the biquadrate, or fourth power. Biquadratic equation (Alg.), an equation of the fourth degree, or an equation in some term of which the unknown quantity is raised to the fourth power. Ð Biquadratic root of a number, the square root of the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9, and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the biquadratic root of 81. Hutton. Bi·quadÏrat¶ic, n. (Math.) (a) A biquadrate. (b) A biquadratic equation. BiÏquin¶tile (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + quintile: cf. F. biquintile.] (Astron.) An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other by twice the fifth part of a great circle Ð that is, twice 72 degrees. BiÏra¶diÏate (?), BiÏra¶diÏa·ted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + radiate.] Having two rays; as, a biradiate fin. BiÏra¶mous (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + ramous.] (Biol.) Having, or consisting of, two branches. Birch (?), n.; pl. Birches (?). [OE. birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc; akin to Icel. bj”rk, Sw. bj”rk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha, MHG. birche, birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr. bh?rja. ?254. Cf. 1st Birk.] 1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus Betula; as, the white or common birch (B. alba) (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch (B. glandulosa); the paper or canoe birch (B. papyracea); the yellow birch (B. lutea); the black or cherry birch (B. lenta). 2. The wood or timber of the birch. 3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging. µ The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in schools. They were also made into brooms. The threatening twigs of birch. Shak. 4. A birchÏbark canoe. Birch of Jamaica, a species (Bursera gummifera) of turpentine tree. Ð Birch partridge. (Zo”l.) See Ruffed grouse. Ð Birch wine, wine made of the spring sap of the birch. Ð Oil of birch. (a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common European birch (Betula alba), and used in the preparation of genuine ( and sometimes of the imitation) Russia leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. (b) An oil prepared from the black birch (B. lenta), said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which it is largely sold. Birch, a. Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen. Birch, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Birched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Birching.] To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog. Birch¶en (?), a. Of or relating to birch. He passed where Newark's stately tower Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower. Sir W. Scott. Bird (?), n. [OE. brid, bred, bird, young bird, bird, AS. bridd young bird. ?92.] 1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2). That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. Shak. The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20). 2. (Zo”l.) A warmÏblooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See Aves. 3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird. 4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden. And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry. Campbell. Arabian bird, the phenix. Ð Bird of Jove, the eagle. Ð Bird of Juno, the peacock. Ð Bird louse (Zo”l.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. Ð Bird mite (Zo”l.), a small mite (genera Dermanyssus, Dermaleichus and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous. Ð Bird of passage, a migratory bird. Ð Bird spider (Zo”l.), a very large South American spider (Mygale avicularia). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds. Ð Bird tick (Zo”l.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus Ornithomyia, and allies), usually winged. Bird (?), v. i. 1. To catch or shoot birds. 2. Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to thieve. [R.] B. Jonson. Bird¶bolt· (?), n. A short blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence: Anything which smites without penetrating. Shak. Bird¶ cage¶, or Bird¶cage· (?), n. A cage for confining birds. Bird¶call· (?), n. 1. A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for the purpose of decoying the bird or its mate. 2. An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in making the sound of a birdcall. Bird¶catch·er (?), n. One whose employment it is to catch birds; a fowler. Bird¶catch·ing, n. The art, act, or occupation or catching birds or wild fowls. Bird¶ cher·ry (?). (Bot.) A shrub (Prunus Padus ) found in Northern and Central Europe. It bears small black cherries. Bird¶er (?), n. A birdcatcher. Bird¶Ðeyed· (?), a. QuickÏsighted; catching a glance as one goes. Bird¶ fan·ciÏer (?). 1. One who takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious birds. 2. One who has for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in cages. Bird¶ie (?), n. A pretty or dear little bird; Ð a pet name. Tennyson. Bird¶iÏkin (?), n. A young bird. Thackeray. Bird¶ing, n. Birdcatching or fowling. Shak. Birding piece, a fowling piece. Shak. Bird¶let, n. A little bird; a nestling. Bird¶like· (?), a. Resembling a bird. Bird¶lime· (?), n. [Bird + lime viscous substance.] An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which insnares. Not birdlime or Idean pitch produce A more tenacious mass of clammy juice. Dryden. µ Birdlime is also made from mistletoe, elder, etc. Bird¶lime·, v. t. To smear with birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare. When the heart is thus birdlimed, then it cleaves to everything it meets with. Coodwin. Bird¶ling, n. A little bird; a nestling. Bird¶man (?), n. A fowler or birdcatcher. Bird¶ of par¶aÏdise (?). (Zo”l.) The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus Paradisea and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and the adjacent islands. The males have brilliant colors, elegant plumes, and often remarkable tail feathers. µ The Great emerald (Paradisea apoda) and the Lesser emerald (P. minor) furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by ladies; the Red is P. rubra or sanguinea; the Golden is Parotia aurea or sexsetacea; the King is Cincinnurus regius. The name is also applied to the lingerÏbilled birds of another related group (Epimachin‘) from the same region. The Twelvewired (Seleucides alba) is one of these. See Paradise bird, and Note under Apod. Bird¶ pep·per (?). A species of capsicum (Capsicum baccatum), whose small, conical, coralÏred fruit is among the most piquant of all red peppers. Bird's¶Ðbeak· (?), n. (Arch.) A molding whose section is thought to resemble a beak. Bird¶seed· (?), n. Canary seed, hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding caged birds. Bird's¶Ðeye· (?), a. 1. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a glance; hence, general? not minute, or entering into details; as, a bird'sÐeye view. 2. Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes; as, bird'sÐeye diaper; bird'sÐeye maple. Bird's¶Ðeye·, n. (Bot.) A plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's eye, the mealy primrose (Primula farinosa), and species of Veronica, Geranium, etc. Bird's¶Ðeye· ma¶ple (?). See under Maple. Bird's¶Ðfoot· (?), n. (Bot.) A papilionaceous plant, the Ornithopus, having a curved, cylindrical pod tipped with a short, clawlike point. Bird'sÐfoot trefoil. (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants (Lotus) with clawlike pods. L. corniculatas, with yellow flowers, is very common in Great Britain. (b) the related plant, Trigonella ornithopodioides, is also European. Bird'sÐmouth· (?), n. (Arch.) An interior a?gle or notch cut across a piece of timber, for the reception of the edge of another, as that in a rafter to be laid on a plate; Ð commonly called crow'sÐfoot in the United States. Bird's¶ nest·, or Bird'sÐnest (?), n. 1. The nest in which a bird lays eggs and hatches her young. 2. (Cookery) The nest of a small swallow (Collocalia nidifica and several allied species), of China and the neighboring countries, which is mixed with soups. µ The nests are found in caverns and fissures of

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cliffs on rocky coasts, and are composed in part of alg‘. They are of the size of a goose egg, and in substance resemble isinglass. See Illust. under Edible. 3. (Bot.) An orchideous plant with matted roots, of the genus Neottia (N. nidusÏavis.) Bird'sÐnest pudding, a pudding containing apples whose cores have been replaces by sugar. Ð Yellow bird's nest, a plant, the Monotropa hypopitys. Bird'sÐnest·ing (?), n. Hunting for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents. Bird's¶Ðtongue· (?), n. (Bot.) The knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). Bird¶Ðwit·ted (?), a. Flighty; passing rapidly from one subject to another; not having the faculty of attention. Bacon. Bi·recÏtan¶guÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + rectangular.] Containing or having two right angles; as, a birectangular spherical triangle. Bi¶reme (?), n. [L. biremis; bis twice + remus oar: cf. F. birŠme.] An ancient galley or vessel with two banks or tiers of oars. BiÏret¶ta (?), n. Same as Berretta. Bir¶ganÏder (?), n. See Bergander. Birk (?), n. [See Birch, n.] A birch tree. [Prov. Eng.] ½The silver birk.¸ Tennyson. Birk, n. (Zo”l.) A small European minnow (Leuciscus phoxinus). Birk¶en (?), v. t. [From 1st Birk.] To whip with a birch or rod. [Obs.] Birk¶en, a. Birchen; as, birken groves. Burns. Bir¶kie (?), n. A lively or mettlesome fellow. [Jocular, Scot.] Burns. Birl (?), v. t. & i. To revolve or cause to revolve; to spin. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Birl (?), v. t. & i. [AS. byrlian. ?92.] To pour (beer or wine); to ply with drink; to drink; to carouse. [Obs. or Dial.] Skelton. Bir¶law (?), n. [See ByÏlaw.] (Law) A law made by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or local law or byÏlaw. [Written also byrlaw, birlie, birley.] BiÏros·trate (?), BiÏros¶traÏted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + rostrate.] Having a double beak, or two processes resembling beaks. The capsule is bilocular and birostrated. Ed. Encyc. Birr (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Birred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Birring.] [Cf. OE. bur, bir, wind, storm wind, fr. Icel. byrr wind. Perh. imitative.] To make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in motion. Birr, n. 1. A whirring sound, as of a spinning wheel. 2. A rush or impetus; force. Bir¶rus (?), n. [LL., fr. L. birrus a kind of cloak. See Berretta.] A coarse kind of thick woolen cloth, worn by the poor in the Middle Ages; also, a woolen cap or hood worn over the shoulders or over the head. Birse (?), n. A bristle or bristles. [Scot.] Birt (?), n. [OE. byrte; cf. F. bertonneau. Cf. Bret, Burt.] (Zo”l.) A fish of the turbot kind; the brill. [Written also burt, bret, or brut.] [Prov. Eng.] Birth (?), n. [OE. burth, birth, AS. beor?, gebyrd, fr. beran to bear, bring forth; akin to D. geboorate, OHG. burt, giburt, G. geburt, Icel. bur?r, Skr. bhrti bearing, supporting; cf. Ir. & Gael. beirthe born, brought forth. ?92. See 1st Bear, and cf. Berth.] 1. The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; Ð generally applied to human beings; as, the birth of a son. 2. Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble extraction. Elected without reference to birth, but solely for qualifications. Prescott. 3. The condition to which a person is born; natural state or position; inherited disposition or tendency. A foe by birth to Troy's unhappy name. Dryden. 4. The act of bringing forth; as, she had two children at a birth. ½At her next birth.¸ Milton. 5. That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable. Poets are far rarer births that kings. B. Jonson. Others hatch their eggs and tend the birth till it is able to shift for itself. Addison. 6. Origin; beginning; as, the birth of an empire. New birth (Theol.), regeneration, or the commencement of a religious life. Syn. Ð Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family. Birth, n. See Berth. [Obs.] De Foe. Birth¶day· (?), n. 1. The day in which any person is born; day of origin or commencement. Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next The birthday of invention. Cowper. 2. The day of the month in which a person was born, in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of one's birth. This is my birthday; as this very day Was Cassius born. Shak. Birth¶day·, a. Of or pertaining to the day of birth, or its anniversary; as, birthday gifts or festivities. Birth¶dom (?), n. [Birth + Ïdom.] The land of one's birth; one's inheritance. [R.] Shak. Birth¶ing, n. (Naut.) Anything added to raise the sides of a ship. Bailey. Birth¶less, a. Of mean extraction. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Birth¶mark· (?), n. Some peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth. Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a natural birthmark, ... a snake. Sir T. North. Birth¶night· (?), n. The night in which a person is born; the anniversary of that night in succeeding years. The angelic song in Bethlehem field, On thy birthnight, that sung thee Savior born. Milton. Birth¶place· (?), n. The town, city, or country, where a person is born; place of origin or birth, in its more general sense. ½The birthplace of valor.¸ Burns. Birth¶right· (?), n. Any right, privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth, such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty under a free constitution; esp. the rights or inheritance of the first born. Lest there be any ... profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright. Heb. xii. 16. Birth¶root· (?), n. (Bot.) An herbaceous plant (Trillium erectum), and its astringent rootstock, which is said to have medicinal properties. Birth¶wort· (?), n. A genus of herbs and shrubs (Aristolochia), reputed to have medicinal properties. Bis (?), adv. [L. bis twice, for duis, fr. root of duo two. See Two, and cf. BiÏ.] Twice; Ð a word showing that something is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in accounts. BisÏ, pref. A form of BiÏ, sometimes used before s, c, or a vowel. Bi¶sa an¶teÏlope (?). (Zo”l.) See Oryx. BiÏsac¶cate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + saccate.] (Bot.) Having two little bags, sacs, or pouches. BisÏcay¶an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Biscay in Spain. Ðn. A native or inhabitant of Biscay. Bis¶coÏtin (?), n. [F. biscotin. See Biscuit.] A confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet biscuit. Bis¶cuit (?), n. [F. biscuit (cf. It. biscotto, Sp. bizcocho, Pg. biscouto), fr. L. bis twice + coctus, p. p. of coquere to cook, bake. See Cook, and cf. Bisque a kind of porcelain.] 1. A kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; as, ship biscuit. According to military practice, the bread or biscuit of the Romans was twice prepared in the oven. Gibbon. 2. A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card. 3. Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing. 4. (Sculp.) A species of white, unglazed porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in miniature. Meat biscuit, an alimentary preparation consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form biscuits. BiÏscu¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + scutate.] (Bot.) Resembling two bucklers placed side by side. ØBise (?), n. [F.] A cold north wind which prevails on the northern coasts of the Mediterranean and in Switzerland, etc.; Ð nearly the same as the mistral. Bise (?), n. (Paint.) See Bice. BiÏsect¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Bisecting.] [L. bis twice + secare, sectum, to cut.] 1. To cut or divide into two parts. 2. (Geom.) To divide into two equal parts. BiÏsec¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. bissection.] Division into two parts, esp. two equal parts. BiÏsec¶tor (?), n. One who, or that which, bisects; esp. (Geom.) a straight line which bisects an angle. BiÏsec¶trix (?), n. The line bisecting the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial crystal. BiÏseg¶ment (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + segment.] One of tow equal parts of a line, or other magnitude. BiÏsep¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + septate.] With two partitions or septa. Gray. BiÏse¶riÏal (?), BiÏse¶riÏate (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + serial, seriate.] In two rows or series. BiÏser¶rate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + serrate.] 1. (Bot.) Doubly serrate, or having the serratures serrate, as in some leaves. 2. (Zo”l.) Serrate on both sides, as some antenn‘. BiÏse¶tose (?), BiÏse¶tous (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + setose, setous.] Having two bristles. BiÏsex¶ous (?), a. [L. bis twice + sexus sex: cf. F. bissexe.] Bisexual. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. BiÏsex¶uÏal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + sexual.] (Biol.) Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes. BiÏsex¶uÏous (?), a. Bisexual. BiÏseye¶ (?), p. p. of Besee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Evil biseye, ill looking. [Obs.] Bish (?), n. Same as Bikh. Bish¶op (?), n. [OE. bischop, biscop, bisceop, AS. bisceop, biscop, L. episcopus overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. ?, ? over + ? inspector, fr. root of ?, ?, to look to, perh. akin to L. specere to look at. See Spy, and cf. Episcopal.] 1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director. Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. 1 Pet. ii. 25. It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently ½bishop¸ ( ? ) and ½elder¸ or ½presbyter.¸ J. B. Lightfoot. 2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see. Bishop in partibus [infidelium] (R. C. Ch.), a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. Shipley. Ð Titular bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus. Ð Bench of Bishops. See under Bench. 3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents. 4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; Ð formerly called archer. 5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar. Swift. 6. An old name for a woman's bustle. [U. S.] If, by her bishop, or her ½grace¸ alone, A genuine lady, or a church, is known. Saxe. Bish¶op, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bishoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bishoping.] To admit into the church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to favor. Bish¶op (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bishoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bishoping.] [From the name of the scoundrel who first practiced it. Youatt.] (Far.) To make seem younger, by operating on the teeth; as, to bishop an old horse or his teeth. The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black. J. H. Walsh. Bish¶opÏdom (?), n. Jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopate. ½Divine right of bishopdom.¸ Milton. Bish¶opÏlike· (?), a. Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop. Fulke. Bish¶opÏly, a. Bishoplike; episcopal. [Obs.] Bish¶opÏly, adv. In the manner of a bishop. [Obs.] Bish¶opÏric (?), n. [AS. bisceoprÆce; bisceop bishop + rÆce dominion. See Ïric.] 1. A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. 2. The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an apostle, bishop, or presbyter. Acts i. 20. Bish¶op's cap· (?). (Bot.) A plant of the genus Mitella; miterwort. Longfellow. Bish¶op sleeve· (?). A wide sleeve, once worn by women. Bish¶op's length· (?). A canvas for a portrait measuring 58 by 94 inches. The half bishop measures 45 of 56. Bish¶opÐstool· (?), n. A bishop's seat or see. Bish¶op'sÐweed· (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An umbelliferous plant of the genus Ammi. (b) Goutweed (?gopodium podagraria). Bish¶op'sÐwort· (?), n. (Bot.) Wood betony (Stachys betonica); also, the plant called fennel flower (Nigella Damascena), or devilÏinÏaÏbush. Bis¶ie (?), v. t. To busy; to employ. [Obs.] BiÏsil¶iÏcate (?), n. (Min. Chem.) A salt of metasilicic acid; Ð so called because the ratio of the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of the base is as two to one. The bisilicates include many of the most common and important minerals. Bisk (?), n. [F. bisque.] Soup or broth made by boiling several sorts of flesh together. King. Bisk, n. [F. bisque.] (Tennis) See Bisque. BiÏsmare¶ (?), BiÏsmer¶ (?), n. [AS. bismer.] Shame; abuse. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bis¶mer (?), n. 1. A rule steelyard. [Scot.] 2. (Zo”l.) The fifteenÏspined (Gasterosteus spinachia). ØBisÏmil¶lah (?), interj. [Arabic, in the name of God!] An adjuration or exclamation common among the Mohammedans. [Written also Bizmillah.] Bis¶mite (?), n. (Min.) Bismuth trioxide, or bismuth ocher. Bis¶muth (?), n. [Ger. bismuth, wismuth: cf. F. bismuth.] (Chem.) One of the elements; a metal of a reddish white color, crystallizing in rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and rather brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken across. It metals at 507? Fahr., being easily fused in the flame of a candle. It is found in a native state, and as a constituent of some minerals. Specific gravity 9.8. Atomic weight 207.5. Symbol Bi. µ Chemically, bismuth (with arsenic and antimony is intermediate between the metals and nonmetals; it is used in thermoÏelectric piles, and as an alloy with lead and tin in the fusible alloy or metal. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic substance known. Bismuth glance, bismuth sulphide; bismuthinite. Ð Bismuth ocher, a native bismuth oxide; bismite. Bis¶muthÏal (?), a. Containing bismuth. Bis¶muthÏic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to bismuth; containing bismuth, when this element has its higher valence; as, bismuthic oxide. Bis·muthÏif¶erÏous (?), a. [Bismuth + Ïferous.] Containing bismuth. Bis¶muthÏine (?), Bis¶muthÏinÏite (?), } n. Native bismuth sulphide; Ð sometimes called bismuthite. Bis¶muthÏous (?), a. Of, or containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower valence. Bis¶muthÏyl· (?), n. (Min.) Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy mineral of a dull white or yellowish color. [Written also bismuthite.] Bi¶son (?), n. [L. bison, Gr. ?, a wild ox; akin to OHG. wisunt, wisant, G. wisent, AS. wesend, Icel. vÆsundr: cf. F. bison.] (Zo”l.) (a) The aurochs or European bison. (b) The American bison buffalo (Bison Americanus), a large, gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly decreasing in numbers.

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BiÏspi¶nose (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + spinose.] (Zo”l.) Having two spines. ØBisque (?), n. [A corruption of biscuit.] Unglazed white porcelain. Bisque, n. [F.] A point taken by the receiver of odds in the game of tennis; also, an extra innings allowed to a weaker player in croquet. ØBisque, n. [F.] A white soup made of crayfish. BisÏsex¶tile (?), n. [L. bissextilis annus, fr. bissextus (bis + sextus sixth, fr. sex six) the sixth of the calends of March, or twentyÏfourth day of February, which was reckoned twice every fourth year, by the intercalation of a day.] Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is added to the month of February on account of the excess of the tropical year (365 d. 5 h. 48 m. 46 s.) above 365 days. But one day added every four years is equivalent to six hours each year, which is 11 m. 14 s. more than the excess of the real year. Hence, it is necessary to suppress the bissextile day at the end of every century which is not divisible by 400, while it is retained at the end of those which are divisible by 400. BisÏsex¶tile, a. Pertaining to leap year. Bis¶son (?), a. [OE. bisen, bisne, AS. bisen, prob. for bÆs?ne; bi by + s?ne clear, akin to se¢n to see; clear when near, hence shortÏsighted. See See.] Purblind; blinding. [Obs.] ½Bisson rheum.¸ Shak. Bis¶ter, Bis¶tre } (?), n. [F. bistre a color made of soot; of unknown origin. Cf., however, LG. biester frowning, dark, ugly.] (Paint.) A dark brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood. BiÏstip¶uled (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + stipule.] (Bot.) Having two stipules. Bis¶tort (?), n. [L. bis + tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist: cf. F. bistorte.] (Bot.) An herbaceous plant of the genus Polygonum, section Bistorta; snakeweed; adderwort. Its root is used in medicine as an astringent. Bis¶touÏry (?), n.; pl. Bistouries (?). [F. bistouri.] A surgical instrument consisting of a slender knife, either straight or curved, generally used by introducing it beneath the part to be divided, and cutting towards the surface. Bis¶tre (?), n. See Bister. BiÏsul¶cate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + sulcate.] 1. Having two grooves or furrows. 2. (Zo”l.) Cloven; said of a foot or hoof. BiÏsul¶cous (?), a. [L. bisulcus; bis twice + sulcus furrow.] Bisulcate. Sir T. Browne. BiÏsul¶phate (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + sulphate.] (Chem.) A sulphate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal sulphates; an acid sulphate. BiÏsul¶phide (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide having two atoms of sulphur in the molecule; a disulphide, as in iron pyrites, FeS2; Ð less frequently called bisulphuret. BiÏsul¶phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphurous acid in which the base replaces but half the hydrogen of the acid; an acid sulphite. BiÏsul¶phuÏret (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + sulphuret.] (Chem.) See Bisulphide. Bit (?), n. [OE. bitt, bite, AS. bite, bite, fr. bÆtan to bite. See Bite, n. & v., and cf. Bit a morsel.] 1. The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in the mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins are fastened. Shak. The foamy bridle with the bit of gold. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains. Bit, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bitting.] To put a bridle upon; to put the bit in the mouth of. Bit, imp. & p. p. of Bite. Bit, n. [OE. bite, AS. bita, fr. bÆtan to bite; akin to D. beet, G. bissen bit, morsel, Icel. biti. See Bite, v., and cf. Bit part of a bridle.] 1. A part of anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the mouth; a morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little; a mite. 2. Somewhat; something, but not very great. My young companion was a bit of a poet. T. Hook. µ This word is used, also, like jot and whit, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a bit wiser. 3. A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes, usually turned by means of a brace or bitstock. See Bitstock. 4. The part of a key which enters the lock and acts upon the bolt and tumblers. Knight. 5. The cutting iron of a plane. Knight. 6. In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small silver coin (as the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth about 12 1/2 cents; also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents. Bit my bit, piecemeal. Pope. Bit, 3d sing. pr. of Bid, for biddeth. [Obs.] Chaucer. BiÏtake¶ (?), v. t. [See Betake, Betaught.] To commend; to commit. [Obs.] Chaucer. BiÏtan¶gent (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + tangent.] (Geom.) Possessing the property of touching at two points. Ð n. A line that touches a curve in two points. BiÏtar¶trate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tartaric acid in which the base replaces but half the acid hydrogen; an acid tartrate, as cream of tartar. Bitch (?), n. [OE. biche, bicche, AS. bicce; cf. Icel. bikkja, G. betze, peize.] 1. The female of the canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox. 2. An opprobrious name for a woman, especially a lewd woman. Pope. Bite (?), v. t. [imp. Bit (?); p. p. Bitten (?), Bit; p. pr. & vb. n. Biting.] [OE. biten, AS. bÆtan; akin to D. bijten, OS. bÆtan, OHG. bÆzan, G. beissen, Goth. beitan, Icel. bÆta, Sw. bita, Dan. bide, L. findere to cleave, Skr. bhid to cleave. ?87. Cf. Fissure.] 1. To seize with the teeth, so that they enter or nip the thing seized; to lacerate, crush, or wound with the teeth; as, to bite an apple; to bite a crust; the dog bit a man. Such smiling rogues as these, Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain. Shak. 2. To puncture, abrade, or sting with an organ (of some insects) used in taking food. 3. To cause sharp pain, or smarting, to; to hurt or injure, in a literal or a figurative sense; as, pepper bites the mouth. ½Frosts do bite the meads.¸ Shak. 4. To cheat; to trick; to take in. [Colloq.] Pope. 5. To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to; as, the anchor bites the ground. The last screw of the rack having been turned so often that its purchase crumbled, ... it turned and turned with nothing to bite. Dickens. To bite the dust, To bite the ground, to fall in the agonies of death; as, he made his enemy bite the dust. Ð To bite in (Etching), to corrode or eat into metallic plates by means of an acid. Ð To bite the thumb at (any one), formerly a mark of contempt, designed to provoke a quarrel; to defy. ½Do you bite your thumb at us ?¸ Shak. Ð To bite the tongue, to keep silence. Shak. Bite (?), v. i. 1. To seize something forcibly with the teeth; to wound with the teeth; to have the habit of so doing; as, does the dog bite ? 2. To cause a smarting sensation; to have a property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent; as, it bites like pepper or mustard. 3. To cause sharp pain; to produce anguish; to hurt or injure; to have the property of so doing. At the last it [wine] biteth like serpent, and stingeth like an adder. Prov. xxiii. 32. 4. To take a bait into the mouth, as a fish does; hence, to take a tempting offer. 5. To take or keep a firm hold; as, the anchor bites. Bite, n. [OE. bite, bit, bitt, AS. bite bite, fr. bÆtan to bite, akin to Icel. bit, OS. biti, G. biss. See Bite, v., and cf. Bit.] 1. The act of seizing with the teeth or mouth; the act of wounding or separating with the teeth or mouth; a seizure with the teeth or mouth, as of a bait; as, to give anything a hard bite. I have known a very good fisher angle diligently four or six hours for a river carp, and not have a bite. Walton. 2. The act of puncturing or abrading with an organ for taking food, as is done by some insects. 3. The wound made by biting; as, the pain of a dog's or snake's bite; the bite of a mosquito. 4. A morsel; as much as is taken at once by biting. 5. The hold which the short end of a lever has upon the thing to be lifted, or the hold which one part of a machine has upon another. 6. A cheat; a trick; a fraud. [Colloq.] The baser methods of getting money by fraud and bite, by deceiving and overreaching. Humorist. 7. A sharper; one who cheats. [Slang] Johnson. 8. (Print.) A blank on the edge or corner of a page, owing to a portion of the frisket, or something else, intervening between the type and paper. Bit¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, bites; that which bites often, or is inclined to bite, as a dog or fish. ½Great barkers are no biters.¸ Camden. 2. One who cheats; a sharper. [Colloq.] Spectator. BiÏter¶nate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + ternate.] (Bot.)Doubly ternate, as when a petiole has three ternate leaflets. Ð BiÏter¶nateÏly, adv. Gray. Bi¶theÏism (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + theism.] Belief in the existence of two gods; dualism. Bit¶ing (?), a. That bites; sharp; cutting; sarcastic; caustic. ½A biting affliction.¸ ½A biting jest.¸ Shak. Bit¶ing in¶ (?). (Etching.) The process of corroding or eating into metallic plates, by means of an acid. See Etch. G. Francis. Bit¶ingÏly, adv. In a biting manner. Bit¶less (?), a. Not having a bit or bridle. Bit¶stock· (?), n. A stock or handle for holding and rotating a bit; a brace. Bitt (?), n. (Naut.) See Bitts. Bitt (?), v. t. [See Bitts.] (Naut.) To put round the bitts; as, to bitt the cable, in order to fasten it or to slacken it gradually, which is called veering away. Totten. Bit¶taÏcle (?), n. A binnacle. [Obs.] Bit¶ten (?), p. p. of Bite. Bit¶ten (?), a. (Bot.) Terminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse. Bit¶ter (?), n. [See Bitts.] (Naut.) AA turn of the cable which is round the bitts. Bitter end, that part of a cable which is abaft the bitts, and so within board, when the ship rides at anchor. Bit¶ter (?), a. [AS. biter; akin to Goth. baitrs, Icel. bitr, Dan., Sw., D., & G. bitter, OS. bittar, fr. root of E. bite. See Bite, v. t.] 1. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an infusion of hops; as, a bitter medicine; bitter as aloes. 2. Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe; as, a bitter cold day. 3. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind; calamitous; poignant. It is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God. Jer. ii. 19. 4. Characterized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; as, bitter reproach. Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them. Col. iii. 19. 5. Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable. The Egyptians ... made their lives bitter with hard bondage. Ex. i. 14. Bitter apple, Bitter cucumber, Bitter gourd. (Bot.) See Colocynth. Ð Bitter cress (Bot.), a plant of the genus Cardamine, esp. C. amara. Ð Bitter earth (Min.), tale earth; calcined magnesia. Ð Bitter principles (Chem.), a class of substances, extracted from vegetable products, having strong bitter taste but with no sharply defined chemical characteristics. Ð Bitter salt, Epsom salts;; magnesium sulphate. Ð Bitter vetch (Bot.), a name given to two European leguminous herbs, Vicia Orobus and Ervum Ervilia. Ð To the bitter end, to the last extremity, however calamitous. Syn. Ð Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting; severe; acrimonious. Bit¶ter (?), n. Any substance that is bitter. See Bitters. Bit¶ter, v. t. To make bitter. Wolcott. Bit¶terÏbump· (?), n. (Zo”l.) the butterbump or bittern. Bit¶terÏful (?), a. Full of bitterness. [Obs.] Bit¶terÏing, n. A bitter compound used in adulterating beer; bittern. Bit¶terÏish, a. Somewhat bitter. Goldsmith. Bit¶terÏling (?), n. [G.] (Zo”l.) A roachlike European fish (Rhodima amarus). Bit¶terÏly, adv. In a bitter manner. Bit¶tern (?), n. [OE. bitoure, betore, bitter, fr. F. butor; of unknown origin.] (Zo”l.) A wading bird of the genus Botaurus, allied to the herons, of various species. µ The common European bittern is Botaurus stellaris. It makes, during the brooding season, a noise called by Dryden bumping, and by Goldsmith booming. The American bittern is B. lentiginosus, and is also called stakeÏdriver and meadow hen. See StakeÏdriver. The name is applied to other related birds, as the least bittern (Ardetta exilis), and the sun bittern. Bit¶tern, n. [From Bitter, a.] 1. The brine which remains in salt works after the salt is concreted, having a bitter taste from the chloride of magnesium which it contains. 2. A very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus Indicus, etc., used by fraudulent brewers in adulterating beer. Cooley. Bit¶terÏness (?), n. [AS. biternys; biter better + Ïnys = Ïness.] 1. The quality or state of being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a literal or figurative sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity; keenness of reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of mind. The lip that curls with bitterness. Percival. I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. Job vii. 11. 2. A state of extreme impiety or enmity to God. Thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity. Acts viii. 23. 3. Dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw persons to apostasy. Looking diligently, ... lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you. Heb. xii. 15. Bit¶terÏnut¶, n. (Bot.) The swamp hickory (Carya amara). Its thinÏshelled nuts are bitter. Bit¶terÏroot· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Lewisia rediviva) allied to the purslane, but with fleshy, farinaceous roots, growing in the mountains of Idaho, Montana, etc. It gives the name to the Bitter Root mountains and river. The Indians call both the plant and the river Sp‘t'lum. Bit¶ters (?), n. pl. A liquor, generally spirituous in which a bitter herb, leaf, or root is steeped. Bit¶ter spar¶ (?). A common name of dolomite Ð so called because it contains magnesia, the soluble salts of which are bitter. See Dolomite. Bit¶terÏsweet· (?), a. Sweet and then bitter or bitter and then sweet; esp. sweet with a bitter after taste; hence (Fig.), pleasant but painful. Bit¶terÏsweet·, n. 1. Anything which is bittersweet. 2. A kind of apple so called. Gower. 3. (Bot.) (a) A climbing shrub, with oval coralÏred berries (Solanum dulcamara); woody nightshade. The whole plant is poisonous, and has a taste at first sweetish and then bitter. The branches are the officinal dulcamara. (b) An American woody climber (Celastrus scandens), whose yellow capsules open late in autumn, and disclose the red aril which covers the seeds; Ð also called Roxbury waxwork. Bit¶terÏweed· (?), n. (Bot.) A species of Ambrosia (A. artemisi‘folia); Roman worm wood. Gray. Bit¶terÏwood· (?), n. A West Indian tree (Picr‘na excelsa) from the wood of which the bitter drug Jamaica quassia is obtained. Bit¶terÏwort· (?), n. (Bot.) The yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea), which has a very bitter taste. Bit¶tock (?), n. [See Bit a morsel.] A small bit of anything, of indefinite size or quantity; a short distance. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Bit¶tor Bit¶tour } (?), n. [See Bittern] (Zo”l.) The bittern. Dryden. Bitts (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. bitte, Icel. biti, a beam. ?87.] (Naut.) A frame of two strong timbers fixed perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fasten the cables as the ship rides at anchor, or in warping. Other bitts are used for belaying (belaying bitts), for sustaining the windlass (carrick bitts, winch bitts, or windlass bitts), to hold the pawls of the windlass (pawl bitts) etc. BiÏtume¶ (?), n. [F. See Bitumen.] Bitumen. [Poetic] May. BiÏtumed¶ (?), a. Smeared with bitumen. [R.] ½The hatches caulked and bitumed.¸ Shak. BiÏtu¶men (?), n. [L. bitumen: cf. F. bitume. Cf. B‚ton.] 1. Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch. ?

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occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See Asphalt. 2. By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas. BiÏtu¶miÏnate (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bituminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Bituminating.] [L. bituminatus, p. p. of bituminare to bituminate. See Bitumen.] To treat or impregnate with bitumen; to cement with bitumen. ½Bituminated walls of Babylon.¸ Feltham. BiÏtu·miÏnif¶erÏous (?), a. [Bitumen + Ïferous.] Producing bitumen. Kirwan. BiÏtu·miÏniÏza¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. bituminisation.] The process of bituminizing. Mantell. BiÏtu¶miÏnize (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bituminized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bituminizing.] [Cf. F. bituminiser.] To prepare, treat, impregnate, or coat with bitumen. BiÏtu¶miÏnous (?), a. [L. bituminosus: cf. F. bitumineux.] Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen; containing bitumen. Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed. Milton. Bituminous coal, a kind of coal which yields, when heated, a considerable amount of volatile bituminous matter. It burns with a yellow smoky flame. Ð Bituminous limestone, a mineral of a brown or black color, emitting an unpleasant smell when rubbed. That of Dalmatia is so charged with bitumen that it may be cut like soap. Ð Bituminous shale, an argillaceous shale impregnated with bitumen, often accompanying coal. Bi¶uÏret (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + urea.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, C2O2N3H5, formed by heating urea. It is intermediate between urea and cyanuric acid. Biv¶aÏlenÏcy (?), n. (Chem.) The quality of being bivalent. Biv¶aÏlent (?), a. [L. bis twice + valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen; dyad. Bi¶valve (?), n. [F. bivalve; biÏ (L. bis) + valve valve.] 1. (Zo”l.) A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which is usually strengthened by prominences called teeth. The shell is closed by the contraction of two transverse muscles attached to the inner surface, as in the clam, Ð or by one, as in the oyster. See Mollusca. 2. (Bot.) A pericarp in which the seed case opens or splits into two parts or valves. Bi¶valve (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + valve.] (Zo”l. & Bot.) Having two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oyster and certain seed vessels. Bi¶valved (?), a. Having two valves, as the oyster and some seed pods; bivalve. BiÏval¶vous (?), a. Bivalvular. BiÏval¶vuÏlar (?), a. Having two valves. BiÏvault¶ed (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + vault.] Having two vaults or arches. BiÏvec¶tor (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + vector.] (Math.) A term made up of the two parts ? + ?1 ?Ð1, where ? and ?1 are vectors. BiÏven¶tral (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + ventral.] (Anat.) Having two bellies or protuberances; as, a biventral, or digastric, muscle, or the biventral lobe of the cerebellum. Biv¶iÏal (?), a. Of or relating to the bivium. Biv¶iÏous (?), a. [L. bivius; bis twice + via way.] Having, or leading, two ways. Bivious theorems and JanusÏfaced doctrines. Sir T. Browne. ØBiv¶iÏum (?), n. [L., a place with two ways. See Bivious.] (Zo”l.) One side of an echinoderm, including a pair of ambulacra, in distinction from the opposite side (trivium), which includes three ambulacra. Biv¶ouac (?), n. [F. bivouac, bivac, prab. fr. G. beiwache, or beiwacht; bei by, near + wachen to watch, wache watch, guard. See By, and Watch.] (Mil.) (a) The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack. (b) An encampment for the night without tents or covering. Biv¶ouac, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bivouacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bivouacking.] (Mil.) (a) To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army. (b) To encamp for the night without tents or covering. Bi¶week·ly (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + weekly.] Occurring or appearing once every two weeks; fortnightly. Ð n. A publication issued every two weeks. Ð Bi¶week¶ly, adv. BiÏwreye¶ (?), v. t. To bewray; to reveal. [Obs.] Biz¶anÏtine (?). See Byzantine. BiÏzarre¶ (?), a. [F. bizarre odd, fr. Sp. bizarro gallant, brave, liberal, prob. of Basque origin; cf. Basque bizarra beard, whence the meaning manly, brave.] Odd in manner or appearance; fantastic; whimsical; extravagant; grotesque. C. Kingsley. BiÏzet¶ (?), n. [Cf. Bezel.] The upper faceted portion of a brilliantÏcut diamond, which projects from the setting and occupies the zone between the girdle and the table. See Brilliant, n. Blab (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blabbing.] [Cf. OE. blaberen, or Dan. blabbre, G. plappern, Gael. blabaran a stammerer; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. also Blubber, v.] To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a thoughtless manner; to publish (secrets or trifles) without reserve or discretion. Udall. And yonder a vile physician blabbing The case of his patient. Tennyson. Blab, v. i. To talk thoughtlessly or without discretion; to tattle; to tell tales. She must burst or blab. Dryden. Blab, n. [OE. blabbe.] One who blabs; a babbler; a telltale. ½Avoided as a blab.¸ Milton. For who will open himself to a blab or a babbler. Bacon. Blab¶ber (?), n. A tattler; a telltale. Black (?), a. [OE. blak, AS. bl‘c; akin to Icel. blakkr dark, swarthy, Sw. bl„ck ink, Dan. bl‘k, OHG. blach, LG. & D. blaken to burn with a black smoke. Not akin to AS. bl¾c, E. bleak pallid. ?98.] 1. Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting it; of the color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark color, the opposite of white; characterized by such a color; as, black cloth; black hair or eyes. O night, with hue so black! Shak. 2. In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded in darkness; very dark or gloomy; as, a black night; the heavens black with clouds. I spy a black, suspicious, threatening cloud. Shak. 3. Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like darkness; destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously wicked; cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible. ½This day's black fate.¸ ½Black villainy.¸ ½Arise, black vengeance.¸ ½Black day.¸ ½Black despair.¸ Shak. 4. Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen; foreboding; as, to regard one with black looks. µ Black is often used in selfÏexplaining compound words; as, blackÏeyed, blackÏfaced, blackÏhaired, blackÏvisaged. Black act, the English statute 9 George I, which makes it a felony to appear armed in any park or warren, etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been called black acts. Ð Black angel (Zo”l.), a fish of the West Indies and Florida (Holacanthus tricolor), with the head and tail yellow, and the middle of the body black. Ð Black antimony (Chem.), the black sulphide of antimony, Sb2S3, used in pyrotechnics, etc. Ð Black bear (Zo”l.), the common American bear (Ursus Americanus). Ð Black beast. See Bˆte noire. Ð Black beetle (Zo”l.), the common large cockroach (Blatta orientalis). Ð Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue. ½To pinch the slatterns black and blue.¸ Hudibras. Ð Black bonnet (Zo”l.), the blackÏheaded bunting (Embriza Sch?niclus) of Europe. Ð Black canker, a disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar. Ð Black cat (Zo”l.), the fisher, a quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See Fisher. Ð Black cattle, any bovine cattle reared for slaughter, in distinction from dairy cattle. [Eng.] Ð Black cherry. See under Cherry. Ð Black cockatoo (Zo”l.), the palm cockatoo. See Cockatoo. Ð Black copper. Same as Melaconite. Ð Black currant. (Bot.) See Currant. Ð Black diamond. (Min.) See Carbonado. Ð Black draught (Med.), a cathartic medicine, composed of senna and magnesia. Ð Black drop (Med.), vinegar of opium; a narcotic preparation consisting essentially of a solution of opium in vinegar. Ð Black earth, mold; earth of a dark color. Woodward. Ð Black flag, the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull and crossbones; a signal of defiance. Ð Black flea (Zo”l.), a flea beetle (Haltica nemorum) injurious to turnips. Ð Black flux, a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal, obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter. Brande & C. Ð Black fly. (Zo”l.) (a) In the United States, a small, venomous, twoÏwinged fly of the genus Simuliu? of several ?, exceedingly abundant and troublesome in the northern forests. The larv‘ are aquatic. (b) A black plant louse, as the bean aphis (A. fab‘). Ð Black Forest [a translation of G. Schwarzwald], a forest in Baden and Wrtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient Hercynian forest. Ð Black game, or Black grouse. (Zo”l.) See Blackcock, Grouse, and Heath grouse. Ð Black grass (Bot.), a grasslike rush of the species Juncus Gerardi, growing on salt marshes, and making good hay. Ð Black gum (Bot.), an American tree, the tupelo or pepperidge. See Tupelo. Ð Black Hamburg (grape) (Bot.), a sweet and juicy variety of dark purple or ½black¸ grape. Ð Black horse (Zo”l.), a fish of the Mississippi valley (Cycleptus elongatus), of the sucker family; the Missouri sucker. Ð Black lemur (Zo”l.), the Lemurniger of Madagascar; the acoumbo of the natives. Ð Black list, a list of persons who are for some reason thought deserving of censure or punishment; Ð esp. a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for the protection of tradesmen or employers. See Blacklist, v. t. Ð Black manganese (Chem.), the black oxide of manganese, MnO2. Ð Black Maria, the close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or from jail. Ð Black martin (Zo”l.), the chimney swift. See Swift. Ð Black moss (Bot.), the common soÏcalled long moss of the southern United States. See Tillandsia. Ð Black oak. See under Oak. Ð Black ocher. See Wad. Ð Black pigment, a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink. It is obtained by burning common coal tar. Ð Black plate, sheet iron before it is tinned. Knight. Ð Black quarter, malignant anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an ox. Ð Black rat (Zo”l.), one of the species of rats (Mus rattus), commonly infesting houses. Ð Black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3. Ð Black rust, a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain. Ð Black sheep, one in a family or company who is unlike the rest, and makes trouble. Ð Black silver. (Min.) See under Silver. Ð Black and tan, black mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish brown; Ð used in describing certain breeds of dogs. Ð Black tea. See under Tea. Ð Black tin (Mining), tin ore ( cassiterite), when dressed, stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a black powder, like fine sand. Knight. Ð Black walnut. See under Walnut. Ð Black warrior (Zo”l.), an American hawk (Buteo Harlani). Syn. Ð Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy; swart; Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious. Black (?), adv. Sullenly; threateningly; maliciously; so as to produce blackness. Black, n. 1. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black. Black is the badge of hell, The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night. Shak. 2. A black pigment or dye. 3. A negro; a person whose skin is of a black color, or shaded with black; esp. a member or descendant of certain African races. 4. A black garment or dress; as, she wears black pl. (Obs.) Mourning garments of a black color; funereal drapery. Friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like show death terrible. Bacon. That was the full time they used to wear blacks for the death of their fathers. Sir T. North. 5. The part of a thing which is distinguished from the rest by being black. The black or sight of the eye. Sir K. Digby. 6. A stain; a spot; a smooch. Defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly blacks of lust. Rowley. Black and white, writing or print; as, I must have that statement in black and white. Ð Blue black, a pigment of a blue black color. Ð Ivory black, a fine kind of animal charcoal prepared by calcining ivory or bones. When ground it is the chief ingredient of the ink used in copperplate printing. Ð Berlin black. See under Berlin. Black, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blacked ; p. pr. & vb. n. Blacking.] [See Black, a., and cf. Blacken.] 1. To make black; to blacken; to soil; to sully. They have their teeth blacked, both men and women, for they say a dog hath his teeth white, therefore they will black theirs. Hakluyt. Sins which black thy soul. J. Fletcher. 2. To make black and shining, as boots or a stove, by applying blacking and then polishing with a brush. Black¶aÏmoor (?), n. [Black + Moor.] A negro or negress. Shak. Black¶ art· (?). The art practiced by conjurers and witches; necromancy; conjuration; magic. µ This name was given in the Middle Ages to necromancy, under the idea that the latter term was derived from niger black, instead of ?, a dead person, and ?, divination. Wright. Black¶ÐaÐvised· (?), a. DarkÏvisaged; swart. Black¶ball· (?), n. 1. A composition for blacking shoes, boots, etc.; also, one for taking impressions of engraved work. 2. A ball of black color, esp. one used as a negative in voting; Ð in this sense usually two words. Black¶ball·, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blackballed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blackballing.] 1. To vote against, by putting a black ball into a ballot box; to reject or exclude, as by voting against with black balls; to ostracize. He was blackballed at two clubs in succession. Thackeray. 2. To blacken (leather, shoes, etc.) with blacking. Black¶band· (?), n. (Min.) An earthy carbonate of iron containing considerable carbonaceous matter; Ð valuable as an iron ore. Black¶ bass· (?). (Zo”l.) 1. An edible, freshÏwater fish of the United States, of the genus Micropterus. the smallÏmouthed kind is M. dolomieÆ; the largemouthed is M. salmoides. 2. The sea bass. See Blackfish, 3. Black¶berÏry (?), n. [OE. blakberye, AS. bl‘cerie;ÿbl‘c black + berie berry.] The fruit of several species of bramble (Rubus); also, the plant itself. Rubus fruticosus is the blackberry of England; R. villosus and R. Canadensis are the high blackberry and low blackberry of the United States. There are also other kinds. Black¶bird (?), n. (Zo”l.) In England, a species of thrush (Turdus merula), a singing bird with a fin note; the merle. In America the name is given to several birds, as the Quiscalus versicolor, or crow blackbird; the Agel‘us ph?niceus, or redÏwinged blackbird; the cowbird; the rusty grackle, etc. See Redwing. Black¶board· (?), n. A broad board painted black, or any black surface on which writing, drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done with chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools. Black¶ book· (?). 1. One of several books of a political character, published at different times and for different purposes; Ð so called either from the color of the binding, or from the character of the contents.

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2. A book compiled in the twelfth century, containing a description of the court of exchequer of England, an official statement of the revenues of the crown, etc. 3. A book containing details of the enormities practiced in the English monasteries and religious houses, compiled by order of their visitors under Henry VIII., to hasten their dissolution. 4. A book of admiralty law, of the highest authority, compiled in the reign of Edw. III. Bouvier. Wharton. 5. A book kept for the purpose of registering the names of persons liable to censure or punishment, as in the English universities, or the English armies. 6. Any book which treats of necromancy. Black¶Ðbrowed· (?), a. Having black eyebrows. Hence: Gloomy; dismal; threatening; forbidding. Shak. Dryden. BlackÏbur¶niÏan war¶Ïbler (?). [Named from Mrs. Blackburn, an English lady.] (Zo”l.) A beautiful warbler of the United States (Dendroica Blackburni‘). The male is strongly marked with orange, yellow, and black on the head and neck, and has an orangeÏyellow breast. Black¶cap· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) (a) A small European song bird (Sylvia atricapilla), with a black crown; the mock nightingale. (b) An American titmouse (Parus atricapillus); the chickadee. 2. (Cookery) An apple roasted till black, to be served in a dish of boiled custard. 3. The black raspberry. Black¶coat· (?), n. A clergyman; Ð familiarly so called, as a soldier is sometimes called a redcoat or a bluecoat. Black¶cock· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The male of the European black grouse (Tetrao tetrix, Linn.); Ð so called by sportsmen. The female is called gray hen. See Heath grouse. Black¶ death· (?). A pestilence which ravaged Europe and Asia in the fourteenth century. Black¶en (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blackened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blackening.] [See Black, a., and cf. Black, v. t. ] 1. To make or render black. While the long funerals blacken all the way. Pope. 2. To make dark; to darken; to cloud. ½Blackened the whole heavens.¸ South. 3. To defame; to sully, as reputation; to make infamous; as, vice blackens the character. Syn. Ð To denigrate; defame; vilify; slander; calumniate; traduce; malign; asperse. Black¶en, v. i. To grow black or dark. Black¶enÏer (?), n. One who blackens. Black¶Ðeyed· (?), a. Having black eyes. Dryden. Black¶Ðfaced· (?), a. Having a black, dark, or gloomy face or aspect. Black¶feet· (?), n. pl. (Ethn.) A tribe of North American Indians formerly inhabiting the country from the upper Missouri River to the Saskatchewan, but now much reduced in numbers. Black¶fin· (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Bluefin. Black¶fish (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) A small kind of whale, of the genus Globicephalus, of several species. The most common is G. melas. Also sometimes applied to other whales of larger size. 2. (Zo”l.) The tautog of New England (Tautoga). 3. (Zo”l.) The black sea bass (Centropristis atrarius) of the Atlantic coast. It is excellent food fish; Ð locally called also black Harry. 4. (Zo”l.) A fish of southern Europe (Centrolophus pompilus) of the Mackerel family. 5. (Zo”l.) The female salmon in the spawning season. µ The name is locally applied to other fishes. Black¶foot· (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Blackfeet; as, a Blackfoot Indian. Ð n. A Blackfoot Indian. Black¶ fri·ar (?). (Eccl.) A friar of the Dominican order; Ð called also predicant and preaching friar; in France, Jacobin. Also, sometimes, a Benedictine. Black¶guard (?), n. [Black + guard.] 1. The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a nobleman's household, who, in a removal from one residence to another, had charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by them, were jocularly called the ½black guard¸; also, the servants and hangersÏon of an army. [Obs.] A lousy slave, that ... rode with the black guard in the duke's carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans. Webster (1612). 2. The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a town or community, collectively. [Obs.] 3. A person of stained or low character, esp. one who uses scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse; a scoundrel; a rough. A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those of his class deserves to be called a blackguard. Macaulay. 4. A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin. [Obs.] Black¶guard·, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blackguarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blackguarding.] To revile or abuse in scurrilous language. Southey. Black¶guard, a. Scurrilous; abusive; low; worthless; vicious; as, blackguard language. Black¶guardÏism (?), n. The conduct or language of a blackguard; rufflanism. Black¶guardÏly, adv. & a. In the manner of or resembling a blackguard; abusive; scurrilous; ruffianly. Black¶head· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The scaup duck. Black¶heart· (?), n. A heartÏshaped cherry with a very darkÏcolored skin. Black¶Ðheart·ed, a. Having a wicked, malignant disposition; morally bad. Black¶ hole· (?). A dungeon or dark cell in a prison; a military lockÏup or guardroom; Ð now commonly with allusion to the cell (the Black Hole) in a fort at Calcutta, into which 146 English prisoners were thrust by the nabob Suraja Dowla on the night of June 20, 17656, and in which 123 of the prisoners died before morning from lack of air. A discipline of unlimited autocracy, upheld by rods, and ferules, and the black hole. H. Spencer. Black¶ing, n. 1. Any preparation for making things black; esp. one for giving a black luster to boots and shoes, or to stoves. 2. The act or process of making black. Black¶ish, a. Somewhat black. Black¶Ðjack· , n. 1. (Min.) A name given by English miners to sphalerite, or zinc blende; Ð called also false galena. See Blende. 2. Caramel or burnt sugar, used to color wines, spirits, ground coffee, etc. 3. A large leather vessel for beer, etc. [Obs.] 4. (Bot.) The Quercus nigra, or barren oak. 5. The ensign of a pirate. Black· lead¶ (?). Plumbago; graphite.It leaves a blackish mark somewhat like lead. See Graphite. Black·lead¶, v. t. To coat or to polish with black lead. Black¶leg· (?), n. 1. A notorious gambler. [Colloq.] 2. A disease among calves and sheep, characterized by a settling of gelatinous matter in the legs, and sometimes in the neck. [Eng.] Black¶ let·ter (?). The old English or Gothic letter, in which the Early English manuscripts were written, and the first English books were printed. It was conspicuous for its blackness. See Type. Black¶Ðlet·ter, a. 1. Written or printed in black letter; as, a blackÏletter manuscript or book. 2. Given to the study of books in black letter; that is, of old books; out of date. Kemble, a blackÐletter man! J. Boaden. 3. Of or pertaining to the days in the calendar not marked with red letters as saints' days. Hence: Unlucky; inauspicious. Black¶list· (?), v. t. To put in a black list as deserving of suspicion, censure, or punishment; esp. to put in a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, Ð as tradesmen and employers do for mutual protection; as, to blacklist a workman who has been discharged. See Black list, under Black, a. If you blacklist us, we will boycott you. John Swinton. Black¶ly, adv. In a black manner; darkly, in color; gloomily; threateningly; atrociously. ½Deeds so blackly grim and horrid.¸ Feltham. Black¶mail· (?), n. [Black + mail a piece of money.] 1. A certain rate of money, corn, cattle, or other thing, anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to certain men who were allied to robbers, or moss troopers, to be by them protected from pillage. Sir W. Scott. 2. Payment of money exacted by means of intimidation; also, extortion of money from a person by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure. 3. (Eng. Law) Black rent, or rent paid in corn, flesh, or the lowest coin, a opposed to ½white rent¸, which paid in silver. To levy blackmail, to extort money by threats, as of injury to one's reputation. Black¶mail·, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blackmailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blackmailing.] To extort money from by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as injury to reputation, distress of mind, etc.; as, to blackmail a merchant by threatening to expose an alleged fraud. [U. S.] Black¶mail·er (?), n. One who extorts, or endeavors to extort, money, by black mailing. Black¶mail·ing, n. The act or practice of extorting money by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as injury to reputation. Black¶ Mon·day (?). 1. Easter Monday, so called from the severity of that day in 1360, which was so unusual that many of Edward III.'s soldiers, then before Paris, died from the cold. Stow. Then it was not for nothing that may nose fell a bleeding on Black Monday last. Shak. 2. The first Monday after the holidays; Ð so called by English schoolboys. Halliwell. Black¶ monk· (?). A Benedictine monk. Black¶moor (?), n. See Blackamoor. Black¶Ðmouthed· (?), a. Using foul or scurrilous language; slanderous. Black¶ness, n. The quality or state of being black; black color; atrociousness or enormity in wickedness. They're darker now than blackness. Donne. Black¶poll· (?), n. [Black + poll head.] (Zo”l.) A warbler of the United States (Dendroica striata). Black¶ pud¶ding (?). A kind of sausage made of blood, suet, etc., thickened with meal. And fat black puddings, Ð proper food, For warriors that delight in blood. Hudibras. Black¶ Rod· (?). (a) the usher to the Chapter of the Garter, so called from the black rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and also usher to the House of Lords. [Eng.] (b) An usher in the legislature of British colonies. Cowell. Committed to the custody of the Black Rod. Macaulay. Black¶root· , n. (Bot.) See Colicroot. Blacks (?), n. pl. 1. The name of a kind of in used in copperplate printing, prepared from the charred husks of the grape, and residue of the wine press. 2. Soot flying in the air. [Eng.] 3. Black garments, etc. See Black, n., 4. Black¶salt·er (?), n. One who,makes crude potash, or black salts. Black¶ salts· (?). Crude potash. De Colange. Black¶smith· (?), n. [Black (in allusion to the color of the metal) + smith. Cf. Whitesmith.] 1. A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. The blacksmith may forge what he pleases. Howell. 2. (Zo”l.) A fish of the Pacific coast (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis), of a blackish color. Black¶ snake· (?) or Black¶snake, n. (Zo”l.) A snake of a black color, of which two species are common in the United States, the Bascanium constrictor, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the Scotophis Alleghaniensis, seven or eight feet long. µ %The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as Natrix atra of Jamaica. Black¶strap· (?), n. 1. A mixture of spirituous liquor (usually rum) and molasses. No blackstrap toÏnight; switchel, or ginger pop. Judd. 2. Bad port wine; any commo wine of the Mediterranean; Ð so called by sailors. Black¶tail· (?), n. [Black + tail.] 1. (Zo”l.) A fish; the ruff or pope. 2. (Zo”l.) The blackÏtailed deer (Cervus or Cariacus Columbianus) of California and Oregon; also, the mule deer of the Rocky Mountains. See Mule deer. Black¶thorn· (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (Prunus spinosa), with blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the sloe. (b) A species of Crat‘gus or hawthorn (C. tomentosa). Both are used for hedges. Black¶ vom¶it (?). (Med.) A copious vomiting of darkÏcolored matter; or the substance so discharged; Ð one of the most fatal symptoms in yellow fever. Black¶ wash· (?) or Black¶wash, n. 1. (Med.) A lotion made by mixing calomel and lime water. 2. A wash that blackens, as opposed to whitewash; hence, figuratively, calumny. To remove as far as he can the modern layers of black wash, and let the man himself, fair or foul, be seen. C. Kingsley. Black¶wood (?), n. A name given to several darkÏcolored timbers. The East Indian black wood is from the tree Dalbergia latifolia. Balfour. Black¶work· (?), n. Work wrought by blacksmiths; Ð so called in distinction from that wrought by whitesmiths. Knight. Blad¶der (?), n. [OE. bladder, bleddre, AS. bl?dre, bl?ddre; akin to Icel. bla?ra, SW. bl„ddra, Dan. bl‘re, D. blaar, OHG. bl¾tara the bladder in the body of animals, G. blatter blister, bustule; all fr. the same root as AS. bl¾wan, E. blow, to puff. See Blow to puff.] 1. (Anat.) A bag or sac in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; as, the urinary bladder; the gall bladder; Ð applied especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when taken out and inflated with air. 2. Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery fluid. 3. (Bot.) A distended, membranaceous pericarp. 4. Anything inflated, empty, or unsound. ½To swim with bladders of philosophy.¸ Rochester. Bladder nut, or Bladder tree (Bot.), a genus of plants (Staphylea) with bladderlike seed pods. Ð Bladder pod (Bot.), a genus of low herbs (Vesicaria) with inflated seed pods. Ð Bladdor senna (Bot.), a genus of shrubs (Colutea), with membranaceous, inflated pods. Ð Bladder worm (Zo”l.), the larva of any species of tapeworm (T‘nia), found in the flesh or other parts of animals. See Measle, Cysticercus. Ð Bladder wrack (Bot.), the common black rock weed of the seacoast (Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosus) Ð called also bladder tangle. See Wrack. Blad¶der, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bladdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bladdering.] 1. To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. 2. To put up in bladders; as, bladdered lard. Blad¶derÏwort· (?), n. (Bot.) A genus (Utricularia) of aquatic or marshy plants, which usually bear numerous vesicles in the divisions of the leaves. These serve as traps for minute animals. See Ascidium. Blad¶derÏy (?), a. Having bladders; also, resembling a bladder. Blade (?), n. [OE. blade, blad, AS. bl‘d leaf; akin to OS., D., Dan., & Sw. blad, Icel. bla?, OHG. blat, G. blatt, and perh. to L. folium, Gr. ?. The root is prob. the same as that of AS. bl?wan, E. blow, to blossom. See Blow to blossom, and cf. Foil leaf of metal.] 1. Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of any plant, especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes applied to the spire of grasses. The crimson dulse ... with its waving blade. Percival. First the blade, then ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark iv. 28. 2. The cutting part of an instrument; as, the blade of a knife or a sword. 3. The broad part of an oar; also, one of the projecting arms of a screw propeller. 4. The scapula or shoulder blade. 5. pl. (Arch.) The principal rafters of a roof. Weale. 6. pl. (Com.) The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best tortoise shell. De Colange. 7. A sharpÏwitted, dashing, wild, or reckless, fellow; Ð a word of somewhat indefinite meaning. He saw a turnkey in a trice Fetter a troublesome blade. Coleridge.

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Blade (?), v. t. To furnish with a blade. Blade, v. i. To put forth or have a blade. As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded As ever in the Muses' garden bladed. P. Fletcher. Blade¶bone· (?), n. The scapula. See Blade, 4. Blad¶ed (?), a. 1. Having a blade or blades; as a twoÏbladed knife. Decking with liquid pearl the bladed grass. Shak. 2. Divested of blades; as, bladed corn. 3. (Min.) Composed of long and narrow plates, shaped like the blade of a knife. Blade¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A long, thin, marine fish of Europe (Trichiurus lepturus); the ribbon fish. Blade¶smith· (?), n. A sword cutler. [Obs.] Blad¶y (?), a. Consisting of blades. [R.] ½Blady grass.¸ Drayton. Bl‘ (?), a. [See Blue.] Dark blue or bluish gray; leadÏcolored. [Scot.] Bl‘¶berÏry (?), n. [Bl‘ + berry; akin to Icel bl¾ber, Sw. bl?b„r, D. blaab‘r. Cf. Blueberry.] The bilberry. [North of Eng. & Scot.] ØBlague (?), n. [F.] Mendacious boasting; falcefood; humbug. Blain (?), n. [OE. blein, bleyn, AS. bl?gen; akin to Dan. blegn, D. blein; perh. fr. the same root as E. bladder. See Bladder.] 1. An inflammatory swelling or sore; a bulla, pustule, or blister. Blotches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton. 2. (Far.) A bladder growing on the root of the tongue of a horse, against the windpipe, and stopping the breath. Blam¶aÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. blƒmable.] Deserving of censure; faulty; culpable; reprehensible; censurable; blameworthy. Ð Blam¶aÏbleÏness, n. Ð Blam¶ÏaÏbly (?), adv. Blame , v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blaming.] [OE. blamen, F. blƒr, OF. blasmer, fr. L. blasphemare to blaspheme, LL. also to blame, fr. Gr. ? to speak ill to slander, to blaspheme, fr. ? evil speaking, perh, for ?; ? injury (fr. ? to injure) + ? a saying, fr. ? to say. Cf. Blaspheme, and see Fame.] 1. To censure; to express disapprobation of; to find fault with; to reproach. We have none to blame gut ourselves. Tillotson. 2. To bring reproach upon; to blemish. [Obs.] She ... blamed her noble blood. Spenser. To blame, to be blamed, or deserving blame; in fault; as, the conductor was to blame for the accident. You were to blame, I must be plain with you. Shak. Blame, n. [OE. blame, fr. F. blƒme, OF. blasme, fr. blƒmer, OF. blasmer, to blame. See Blame, v.] 1. An expression of disapprobation fir something deemed to be wrong; imputation of fault; censure. Let me bear the blame forever. Gen. xiiii. 9. 2. That which is deserving of censure or disapprobation; culpability; fault; crime; sin. Holy and without blame before him in love. Eph. i. 4. 3. Hurt; injury. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. Ð Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach; fault; sin; crime; wrongdoing. Blame¶ful (?), a. 1. Faulty; meriting blame. Shak. 2. Attributing blame or fault; implying or conveying censure; faultfinding; censorious. Chaucer. Ð Blame¶fulÏly, adv. Ð Blame¶fulÏness, n. Blame¶less, a. Free from blame; without fault; innocent; guiltless; Ð sometimes followed by of. A bishop then must be blameless. 1 Tim. iii. 2. Blameless still of arts that polish to deprave. Mallet. We will be blameless of this thine oath. Josh. ii. 17. Syn. Ð Irreproachable; sinless; unblemished; inculpable. Ð Blameless, Spotless, Faultless, Stainless. We speak of a thing as blameless when it is free from blame, or the just imputation of fault; as, a blameless life or character. The others are stronger. We speak of a thing as faultless, stainless, or spotless, only when we mean that it is absolutely without fault or blemish; as, a spotless or stainless reputation; a faultless course of conduct. The last three words apply only to the general character, while blameless may be used in reverence to particular points; as, in this transaction he was wholly blameless. We also apply faultless to personal appearance; as, a faultless figure; which can not be done in respect to any of the other words. Blame¶lessÏly, adv. In a blameless manner. Blame¶lessÏness, n. The quality or state of being blameless; innocence. Blam¶er (?), n. One who blames. Wyclif. Blame¶wor·thy (?), a. Deserving blame; culpable; reprehensible. Ð Blame¶wor·thiÏness, n. Blan¶card (?), n. [F., fr. blanc white.] A kind of linen cloth made in Normandy, the thread of which is partly blanches before it is woven. Blanch (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blanched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blanching.] [OE. blanchen, blaunchen, F. blanchir, fr. blanc white. See Blank, a.] 1. To take the color out of, and make white; to bleach; as, to blanch linen; age has blanched his hair. 2. (Gardening) To bleach by excluding the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up or tying them together. 3. (Confectionery & Cookery) (a) To make white by removing the skin of, as by scalding; as, to blanch almonds. (b) To whiten, as the surface of meat, by plunging into boiling water and afterwards into cold, so as to harden the surface and retain the juices. 4. To give a white luster to (silver, before stamping, in the process of coining.). 5. To cover (sheet iron) with a coating of tin. 6. Fig.: To whiten; to give a favorable appearance to ; to whitewash; to palliate. Blanch over the blackest and most absurd things. Tillotson. Syn. Ð To Blanch, Whiten. To whiten is the generic term, denoting, to render white; as, to whiten the walls of a room. Usually (though not of necessity) this is supposed to be done by placing some white coloring matter in or upon the surface of the object in question. To blanch is to whiten by the removal of coloring matter; as, to blanch linen. So the cheek is blanched by fear, i. e., by the withdrawal of the blood, which leaves it white. Blanch (?), v. i. To grow or become white; as, his cheek blanched with fear; the rose blanches in the sun. [Bones] blanching on the grass. Tennyson. Blanch, v. t. [See Blench.] 1. To avoid, as from fear; to evade; to leave unnoticed. [Obs.] Ifs and ands to qualify the words of treason, whereby every man might express his malice and blanch his danger. Bacon. I suppose you will not blanch Paris in your way. Reliq. Wot. 2. To cause to turn aside or back; as, to blanch a deer. Blanch, v. i. To use evasion. [Obs.] Books will speak plain, when counselors blanch. Bacon. Blanch, n. (Mining) Ore, not in masses, but mixed with other minerals. Blanch¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, blanches or whitens; esp., one who anneals and cleanses money; also, a chemical preparation for this purpose. Blanch¶er, n. One who, or that which, frightens away or turns aside. [Obs.] And Gynecia, a blancher, which kept the dearest deer from her. Sir P. Sidney. And so even now hath he divers blanchers belonging to the market, to let and stop the light of the gospel. Latimer. Blanch¶ hold·ing (?). (Scots Law) A mode of tenure by the payment of a small duty in white rent (silver) or otherwise. BlanchÏim¶eÏter (?), n. [1st blanch + Ïmeter.] An instrument for measuring the bleaching power of chloride of lime and potash; a chlorometer. Ure. BlancÏmange¶ (?), n. [F. blancmanger, lit. white food; blanc white + manger to eat.] (Cookery) A preparation for desserts, etc., made from isinglass, sea moss, cornstarch, or other gelatinous or starchy substance, with mild, usually sweetened and flavored, and shaped in a mold. BlancÏman¶ger (?), n. [F. See Blancmange.] A sort of fricassee with white sauce, variously made of capon, fish, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bland (?), a. [L. blandus, of unknown origin.] 1. Mild; soft; gentle; smooth and soothing in manner; suave; as, a bland temper; bland persuasion; a bland sycophant. ½Exhilarating vapor bland.¸ Milton. 2. Having soft and soothing qualities; not drastic or irritating; not stimulating; as, a bland oil; a bland diet. BlanÏda¶tion (?), n. [Cf. L. blanditia, blandities, fr. blandus. See Bland.] Flattery. [Obs.] BlanÏdil¶oÏquence (?), n. [L. blandiloquentia; blandus mild + loqui to speak.] Mild, flattering speech. BlanÏdil¶oÏquous (?), BlanÏdiÏlo¶quiÏous (?), } a. FairÏspoken; flattering. Blan¶dise (?), v. i. [Same word as Blandish.] To blandish any one. [Obs.] Chaucer. Blan¶dish (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blandished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blandishing.] [OE. blaundisen, F. blandir, fr. L. blandiri, fr. blandus mild, flattering.] 1. To flatter with kind words or affectionate actions; to caress; to cajole. 2. To make agreeable and enticing. Mustering all her wiles, With blandished parleys. Milton. Blan¶dishÏer (?), n. One who uses blandishments. Blan¶dishÏment (?), n. [Cf. OF. blandissement.] The act of blandishing; a word or act expressive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the heart; soft words and artful caresses; cajolery; allurement. Cowering low with blandishment. Milton. Attacked by royal smiles, by female blandishments. Macaulay. Bland¶ly (?), adv. In a bland manner; mildly; suavely. Bland¶ness, n. The state or quality of being bland. Blank (?), a. [OE. blank, blonc, blaunc, blaunche, fr. F. blanc, fem. blanche, fr. OHG. blanch shining, bright, white, G. blank; akin to E. blink, cf. also AS. blanc white. ?98. See Blink, and cf. 1st Blanch.] 1. Of a white or pale color; without color. To the blank moon Her office they prescribed. Milton. 2. Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in with some special writing; Ð said of checks, official documents, etc.; as, blank paper; a blank check; a blank ballot. 3. Utterly confounded or discomfited. Adam ... astonied stood, and blank. Milton. 4. Empty; void; without result; fruitless; as, a blank space; a blank day. 5. Lacking characteristics which give variety; as, a blank desert; a blank wall; destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; as, to live a blank existence; destitute of sensations; as, blank unconsciousness. 6. Lacking animation and intelligence, or their associated characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.; expressionless; vacant. ½Blank and horrorÏstricken faces.¸ C. Kingsley. The blank ... glance of a half returned consciousness. G. Eliot. 7. Absolute; downright; unmixed; as, blank terror. Blank bar (Law), a plea put in to oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to assign the certain place where the trespass was committed; Ð called also common bar. Ð Blank cartridge, a cartridge containing no ball. Ð Blank deed. See Deed. Ð Blank door, or Blank window (Arch.), a depression in a wall of the size of a door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for the more convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time, should it be needed. Ð Blank indorsement (Law), an indorsement which omits the name of the person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill. Ð Blank line (Print.), a vacant space of the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a line of quadrats. Ð Blank tire (Mech.), a tire without a flange. Ð Blank tooling. See Blind tooling, under Blind. Ð Blank verse. See under Verse. Ð Blank wall, a wall in which there is no opening; a dead wall. Blank (?), n. 1. Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument; an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a void. I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not forgive a blank of half an inch from you. Swift. From this time there ensues a long blank in the history of French legislation. Hallam. I was ill. I can't tell how long Ð it was a blank. G. Eliot. 2. A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a lottery on which no prize is indicated. In Fortune's lottery lies A heap of blanks, like this, for one small prize. Dryden. 3. A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or characters a blank ballot; Ð especially, a paper on which are to be inserted designated items of information, for which spaces are left vacant; a bland form. The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote, and their dissent by a blank. Palfrey. 4. A paper containing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, release, writ, or execution, with spaces left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, etc. 5. The point aimed at in a target, marked with a white spot; hence, the object to which anything is directed. Let me still remain The true blank of thine eye. Shak. 6. Aim; shot; range. [Obs.] I have stood ... within the blank of his displeasure For my free speech. Shak. 7. A kind of base silver money, first coined in England by Henry V., and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin of the seventeenth century, worth about 4 pence. Nares. 8. (Mech.) A piece of metal prepared to be made into something by a further operation, as a coin, screw, nuts. 9. (Dominoes) A piece or division of a piece, without spots; as, the ½double blank¸; the ½six blank.¸ In blank, with an essential portion to be supplied by another; as, to make out a check in blank. Blank, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blanking.] [Cf. 3d Blanch.] 1. To make void; to annul. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits of; to dispirit or confuse. [Obs.] Each opposite that blanks the face of joy. Shak. Blan¶ket (?), n. [F. blanchet, OF. also blanket, a woolen waistcoat or shirt, the blanket of a printing press; prop. white woolen stuff, dim. of blanc white; blanquette a kind of white pear, fr. blanc white. See Blank, a.] 1. A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a nap, used in bed clothing; also, a similar fabric used as a robe; or any fabric used as a cover for a horse. 2. (Print.) A piece of rubber, felt, or woolen cloth, used in the tympan to make it soft and elastic. 3. A streak or layer of blubber in whales. µ The use of blankets formerly as curtains in theaters explains the following figure of Shakespeare. Nares. Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark To cry, ½Hold, hold!¸ Shak. Blanket sheet, a newspaper of folio size. Ð A wet blanket, anything which damps, chills, dispirits, or discour?ges. Blan¶ket, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blanketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Blanketing.] 1. To cover with a blanket. I'll ... blanket my loins. Shak. 2. To toss in a blanket by way of punishment. We'll have our men blanket 'em i' the hall. B. Jonson. 3. To take the wind out of the sails of (another vessel) by sailing to windward of her. Blanket cattle. See Belted cattle, under Belted. Blan¶ketÏing, n. 1. Cloth for blankets. 2. The act or punishment of tossing in a blanket. That affair of the blanketing happened to thee for the fault thou wast guilty of. Smollett. Blank¶ly (?), adv. 1. In a blank manner; without expression; vacuously; as, to stare blankly. G. Eliot. 2. Directly; flatly; point blank. De Quincey. Blank¶ness, n. The state of being blank. ØBlanÏquette¶ (?), n. [F. blanquette, from blanc white.] (Cookery) A white fricassee. ØBlanÏquil¶lo (?), n. [Sp. blanquillo whitish.] (Zo”l.) A large fish of Florida and the W. Indies (Caulolatilus chrysops). It is red, marked with yellow. Blare (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blaring.] [OE. blaren, bloren, to cry, woop; cf. G. pl„rren to bleat, D. blaren to bleat, cry, weep. Prob. an imitative word, but cf. also E. blast. Cf. Blore.] To sound loudly and somewhat harshly. ½The trumpet blared.¸ Tennyson. Blare, v. t. To cause to sound like the blare of a trumpet; to proclaim loudly. To blare its own interpretation. Tennyson. Blare, n. The harsh noise of a trumpet; a loud and somewhat harsh noise, like the blast of a trumpet; a roar or bellowing. With blare of bugle, clamor of men. Tennyson. His ears are stunned with the thunder's blare. J. R. Drake. Blar¶ney (?), n. [Blarney, a village and castle near Cork.] Smooth, wheedling talk; flattery. [Colloq.] Blarney stone, a stone in Blarney castle, Ireland, said to make those who kiss it proficient in the use of blarney. Blar¶ney, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blarneyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blarneying.] To influence by blarney; to wheedle with smooth talk; to make or accomplish by blarney. ½Blarneyed the landlord.¸ Irving. Had blarneyed his way from Long Island. S. G. Goodrich. ØBlaÏs‚¶ (?), a. [F., p. p. of blaser.] Having the sensibilities deadened by excess or frequency of enjoyment; sated or surfeited with pleasure; used u?

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BlasÏpheme¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blasphemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blaspheming.] [OE. blasfem?n, L. blasphemare, fr. Gr. ?: cf. F. blasph‚mer. See Blame, v.] 1. To speak of, or address, with impious irreverence; to revile impiously (anything sacred); as, to blaspheme the Holy Spirit. So Dagon shall be magnified, and God, Besides whom is no god, compared with idols, Disglorified, blasphemed, and had in scorn. Milton. How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge thyself on all those who thus continually blaspheme thy great and allÏglorious name? Dr. W. Beveridge. 2. Figuratively, of persons and things not religiously sacred, but held in high honor: To calumniate; to revile; to abuse. You do blaspheme the good in mocking me. Shak. Those who from our labors heap their board, Blaspheme their feeder and forget their lord. Pope. BlasÏpheme¶, v. i. To utter blasphemy. He that shall blaspheme against the Holy Ghost hath never forgiveness. Mark iii. 29. BlasÏphem¶er (?), n. One who blasphemes. And each blasphemer quite escape the rod, Because the insult's not on man, but God ? Pope. Blas¶pheÏmous (?), a. [L. blasphemus, Gr. ?.] Speaking or writing blasphemy; uttering or exhibiting anything impiously irreverent; profane; as, a blasphemous person; containing blasphemy; as, a blasphemous book; a blasphemous caricature. ½Blasphemous publications.¸ Porteus. Nor from the Holy One of Heaven Refrained his tongue blasphemous. Milton. µ Formerly this word was accented on the second syllable, as in the above example. Blas¶pheÏmousÏly, adv. In a blasphemous manner. Blas¶pheÏmy (?), n. [L. blasphemia, Gr. ?: cf. OF. blasphemie.] 1. An indignity offered to God in words, writing, or signs; impiously irreverent words or signs addressed to, or used in reference to, God; speaking evil of God; also, the act of claiming the attributes or prerogatives of deity. µ When used generally in statutes or at common law, blasphemy is the use of irreverent words or signs in reference to the Supreme Being in such a way as to produce scandal or provoke violence. 2. Figuratively, of things held in high honor: Calumny; abuse; vilification. Punished for his blasphemy against learning. Bacon. Ïblast (?). [Gr. ? sprout, shoot.] A suffix or terminal formative, used principally in biological terms, and signifying growth, formation; as, bioblast, epiblast, mesoblast, etc. Blast (?), n. [AS. bl?st a puff of wind, a blowing; akin to Icel. bl¾str, OHG. bl¾st, and fr. a verb akin to Icel. bl¾sa to blow, OHG. blƒsan, Goth. bl?san (in comp.); all prob. from the same root as E. blow. See Blow to eject air.] 1. A violent gust of wind. And see where surly Winter passes off, Far to the north, and calls his ruffian blasts; His blasts obey, and quit the howling hill. Thomson. 2. A forcible stream of air from an orifice, as from a bellows, the mouth, etc. Hence: The continuous blowing to which one charge of ore or metal is subjected in a furnace; as, to melt so many tons of iron at a blast. µ The terms hot blast and cold blast are employed to designate whether the current is heated or not heated before entering the furnace. A blast furnace is said to be in blast while it is in operation, and out of blast when not in use. 3. The exhaust steam from and engine, driving a column of air out of a boiler chimney, and thus creating an intense draught through the fire; also, any draught produced by the blast. 4. The sound made by blowing a wind instrument; strictly, the sound produces at one breath. One blast upon his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men. Sir W. Scott. The blast of triumph o'er thy grave. Bryant. 5. A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious wind, especially on animals and plants; a blight. By the blast of God they perish. Job iv. 9. Virtue preserved from fell destruction's blast. Shak. 6. The act of rending, or attempting to rend, heavy masses of rock, earth, etc., by the explosion of gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; also, the charge used for this purpose. ½Large blasts are often used.¸ Tomlinson. 7. A flatulent disease of sheep. Blast furnace, a furnace, usually a shaft furnace for smelting ores, into which air is forced by pressure. Ð Blast hole, a hole in the bottom of a pump stock through which water enters. Ð Blast nozzle, a fixed or variable orifice in the delivery end of a blast pipe; Ð called also blast orifice. Ð In full blast, in complete operation; in a state of great activity. See Blast, n., 2. [Colloq.] Blast, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blasting.] 1. To injure, as by a noxious wind; to cause to wither; to stop or check the growth of, and prevent from fruitÏbearing, by some pernicious influence; to blight; to shrivel. Seven thin ears, and blasted with the east wind. Gen. xii. 6. 2. Hence, to affect with some sudden violence, plague, calamity, or blighting influence, which destroys or causes to fail; to visit with a curse; to curse; to ruin; as, to blast pride, hopes, or character. I'll cross it, though it blast me. Shak. Blasted with excess of light. T. Gray. 3. To confound by a loud blast or din. Trumpeters, With brazen din blast you the city's ear. Shak. 4. To rend open by any explosive agent, as gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; to shatter; as, to blast rocks. Blast, v. i. 1. To be blighted or withered; as, the bud blasted in the blossom. 2. To blow; to blow on a trumpet. [Obs.] Toke his blake trumpe faste And gan to puffen and to blaste. Chaucer. Blast¶ed (?), a. 1. Blighted; withered. Upon this blasted heath. Shak. 2. Confounded; accursed; detestable. Some of her own blasted gypsies. Sir W. Scott. 3. Rent open by an explosive. The blasted quarry thunders, heard remote. Wordsworth. ØBlasÏte¶ma (?), n.; pl. Blastemata (?). [Gr. ? bud, sprout.] (Biol.) The structureless, protoplasmic tissue of the embryo; the primitive basis of an organ yet unformed, from which it grows. BlasÏte¶mal (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to the blastema; rudimentary. Blas·teÏmat¶ic (?), a. (Biol.) Connected with, or proceeding from, the blastema; blastemal. Blast¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, blasts or destroys. Blas¶tide (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout, fr. ? to grow.] (Biol.) A small, clear space in the segments of the ovum, the precursor of the nucleus. Blast¶ing (?), n. 1. A blast; destruction by a blast, or by some pernicious cause. I have smitten you with blasting and mildew. Amos iv. 9. 2. The act or process of one who, or that which, blasts; the business of one who blasts. Blast¶ment (?), n. A sudden stroke or injury produced by some destructive cause. [Obs.] Shak. Blas·toÏcar¶pous (?), a. [Gr. ? sprout, germ + ? fruit.] (Bot.) Germinating inside the pericarp, as the mangrove. Brande & C. Blas¶toÏc?le (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + ? hollow.] (Biol.) The cavity of the blastosphere, or segmentation cavity. Blas¶toÏcyst (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + E. cyst.] (Biol.) The germinal vesicle. Blas¶toÏderm (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + E. derm.] (Biol.) The germinal membrane in an ovum, from which the embryo is developed. Blas·toÏderÏmat¶ic (?), Blas·toÏder¶mic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the blastoderm. Blas·toÏgen¶eÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + E. genesis.] (Biol.) Multiplication or increase by gemmation or budding. Blas¶toid (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Blastoidea. ØBlasÏtoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? sprout + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) One of the divisions of Crinoidea found fossil in paleozoic rocks; pentremites. They are so named on account of their budlike form. Blas¶toÏmere (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + Ïmere.] (Biol.) One of the segments first formed by the division of the ovum. Balfour. Blas·toph¶oÏral (?), Blas·toÏphor¶ic (?), } a. Relating to the blastophore. Blas¶toÏphore (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + ? to bear.] (Biol.) That portion of the spermatospore which is not converted into spermatoblasts, but carries them. Blas¶toÏpore (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + E. pore.] (Biol.) The pore or opening leading into the cavity of invagination, or archenteron. [See Illust. of Invagination.] Balfour. Blas¶toÏsphere (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout + E. sphere.] (Biol.) The hollow globe or sphere formed by the arrangement of the blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated ovum. [See Illust. of Invagination.] Blas¶toÏstyle (?), n. [Gr. ? sprout, bud + ? a pillar.] (Zo”l.) In certain hydroids, an imperfect zooid, whose special function is to produce medusoid buds. See Hydroidea, and Athecata. Blast¶ pipe· (?). The exhaust pipe of a steam engine, or any pipe delivering steam or air, when so constructed as to cause a blast. ØBlas¶tuÏla (?), n. [NL., dim. of Gr. ? a sprout.] (Biol.) That stage in the development of the ovum in which the outer cells of the morula become more defined and form the blastoderm. Blas¶tule (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Blastula. Blast¶y (?), a. 1. Affected by blasts; gusty. 2. Causing blast or injury. [Obs.] Boyle. Blat (?), v. i. To cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat; to make a senseless noise; to talk inconsiderately. [Low] Blat, v. t. To utter inconsiderately. [Low] If I have anything on my mind, I have to blat it right out. W. D. Howells. Bla¶tanÏcy (?), n. Blatant quality. Bla¶tant (?), a. [Cf. Bleat.] Bellowing, as a calf; bawling; brawling; clamoring; disagreeably clamorous; sounding loudly and harshly. ½Harsh and blatant tone.¸ R. H. Dana. A monster, which the blatant beast men call. Spenser. Glory, that blatant word, which haunts some military minds like the bray of the trumpet. W. Irving. Bla¶tantÏly, adv. In a blatant manner. Blath¶erÏskite (?), n. A blustering, talkative fellow. [Local slang, U. S.] Barllett. Blat¶ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blattered (?).] [L. blaterare to babble: cf. F. blat‚rer to bleat.] To prate; to babble; to rail; to make a senseless noise; to patter. [Archaic] ½The rain blattered.¸ Jeffrey. They procured ... preachers to blatter against me, ... so that they had place and time to belie me shamefully. Latimer. Blat·terÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. blateratio a babbling.] Blattering. Blat¶terÏer (?), n. One who blatters; a babbler; a noisy, blustering boaster. Blat¶terÏing, n. Senseless babble or boasting. Blat·terÏoon¶ (?), n. [L. blatero, Ïonis.] A senseless babbler or boaster. [Obs.] ½I hate such blatteroons.¸ Howell. ØBlau¶bok (?), n. [D. blauwbok.] (Zo”l.) The blue buck. See Blue buck, under Blue. Blay (?), n. [AS. bl?ge, fr. bl?c, bleak, white; akin to Icel. bleikja, OHG. bleicha, G. bleihe. See Bleak, n. & a.] (Zo”l.) A fish. See Bleak, n. Blaze (?), n. [OE. blase, AS. bl‘se, blase; akin to OHG. blass whitish, G. blass pale, MHG. blas torch, Icel. blys torch; perh. fr. the same root as E. blast. Cf. Blast, Bluch, Blink.] 1. A steam of gas or vapor emitting light and heat in the process of combustion; a bright flame. ½To heaven the blaze uprolled.¸ Croly. 2. Intense, direct light accompanied with heat; as, to seek shelter from the blaze of the sun. O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon ! Milton. 3. A bursting out, or active display of any quality; an outburst; a brilliant display. ½Fierce blaze of riot.¸ ½His blaze of wrath.¸ Shak. For what is glory but the blaze of fame? Milton. 4. [Cf. D. bles; akin to E. blaze light.] A white spot on the forehead of a horse. 5. A spot made on trees by chipping off a piece of the bark, usually as a surveyor's mark. Three blazes in a perpendicular line on the same tree indicating a legislative road, the single blaze a settlement or neighborhood road. Carlton. In a blaze, on fire; burning with a flame; filled with, giving, or reflecting light; excited or exasperated. Ð Like blazes, furiously; rapidly. [Low] ½The horses did along like blazes tear.¸ Poem in Essex dialect. µ In low language in the U. S., blazes is frequently used of something extreme or excessive, especially of something very bad; as, blue as blazes. Neal. Syn. Ð Blaze, Flame. A blaze and a flame are both produced by burning gas. In blaze the idea of light rapidly evolved is prominent, with or without heat; as, the blaze of the sun or of a meteor. Flame includes a stronger notion of heat; as, he perished in the flames. Blaze, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blazing.] 1. To shine with flame; to glow with flame; as, the fire blazes. 2. To send forth or reflect glowing or brilliant light; to show a blaze. And far and wide the icy summit blazed. Wordsworth. 3. To be resplendent. Macaulay. To blaze away, to discharge a firearm, or to continue firing; Ð said esp. of a number of persons, as a line of soldiers. Also used (fig.) of speech or action. [Colloq.] Blaze, v. t. 1. To mark (a tree) by chipping off a piece of the bark. I found my way by the blazed trees. Hoffman. 2. To designate by blazing; to mark out, as by blazed trees; as, to blaze a line or path. Champollion died in 1832, having done little more than blaze out the road to be traveled by others. Nott. Blaze, v. t. [OE. blasen to blow; perh. confused with blast and blaze a flame, OE. blase. Cf. Blaze, v. i., and see Blast.] 1. To make public far and wide; to make known; to render conspicuous. On charitable lists he blazed his name. Pollok. To blaze those virtues which the good would hide. Pope. 2. (Her.) To blazon. [Obs.] Peacham. Blaz¶er (?), n. One who spreads reports or blazes matters abroad. ½Blazers of crime.¸ Spenser. Blaz¶ing, a. Burning with a blaze; as, a blazing fire; blazing torches. Sir W. Scott. Blazing star. (a) A comet. [Obs.] (b) A brilliant center of attraction. (c) (Bot.) A name given to several plants; as, to Cham‘lirium luteum of the Lily family; Liatris squarrosa; and Aletris farinosa, called also colicroot and star grass. Bla¶zon (?), n. [OE. blason, blasoun, shield, fr. F. blason coat of arms, OF. shield, from the root of AS. bl‘se blaze, i. e., luster, splendor, MHG. blas torch See Blaze, n.] 1. A shield. [Obs.] 2. An heraldic shield; a coat of arms, or a bearing on a coat of arms; armorial bearings. Their blazon o'er his towers displayed. Sir W. Scott. 3. The art or act of describing or depicting heraldic bearings in the proper language or manner. Peacham. 4. Ostentatious display, either by words or other means; publication; show; description; record. Obtrude the blazon of their exploits upon the company. Collier. Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit, Do give thee fivefold blazon. Shak. Bla¶zon, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blazoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blazoning (?).] [From blazon, n.; confused with 4th blaze: cf. F. blasonner.] 1. To depict in colors; to display; to exhibit conspicuously; to publish or make public far and wide. Thyself thou blazon'st. Shak. There pride sits blazoned on th' unmeaning brow. Trumbull. To blazon his own worthless name. Cowper. 2. To deck; to embellish; to adorn. She blazons in dread smiles her hideous form. Garth. 3. (Her.) To describe in proper terms (the figures of heraldic devices); also, to delineate (armorial bearings); to emblazon. The coat of , arms, which I am not herald enough to blazon into English. Addison. Bla¶zon, v. i. To shine; to be conspicuous. [R.] Bla¶zonÏer (?), n. One who gives publicity, proclaims, or blazons; esp., one who blazons coats of arms; a herald. Burke.

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Bla¶zonÏment (?), n. The act or blazoning; blazoning; emblazonment. Bla¶zonÏry , n. 1. Same as Blazon, 3. The principles of blazonry. Peacham. 2. A coat of arms; an armorial bearing or bearings. The blazonry of Argyle. Lord Dufferin. 3. Artistic representation or display. Blea (?), n. The part of a tree which lies immediately under the bark; the alburnum or sapwood. Blea¶berÏry (?), n. (Bot.) See Blaeberry. Bleach (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bleached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bleaching.] [OE. blakien, blechen, v. t. & v. i., AS. bl¾cian, bl?can, to grow pale; akin to Icel. bleikja, Sw. bleka, Dan. blege, D. bleeken, G. bleichen, AS. bl¾c pale. See Bleak, a.] To make white, or whiter; to remove the color, or stains, from; to blanch; to whiten. The destruction of the coloring matters attached to the bodies to be bleached is effected either by the action of the air and light, of chlorine, or of sulphurous acid. Ure. Immortal liberty, whose look sublime Hath bleached the tyrant's cheek in every varying clime. Smollett. Bleach, v. i. To grow white or lose color; to whiten. Bleached (?), a. Whitened; make white. Let their bleached bones, and blood's unbleaching stain, Long mark the battlefield with hideous awe. Byron. Bleach¶er (?), n. One who whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten, by bleaching. Bleach¶erÏy (?), n.; pl. Bleacheries (?). A place or an establishment where bleaching is done. Bleach¶ing, n. The act or process of whitening, by removing color or stains; esp. the process of whitening fabrics by chemical agents. Ure. Bleaching powder, a powder for bleaching, consisting of chloride of lime, or some other chemical or chemicals. Bleak (?), a. [OE. blac, bleyke, bleche, AS. bl¾c, bl?c, pale, wan; akin to Icel. bleikr, Sw. blek, Dan. bleg, OS. bl?k, D. bleek, OHG. pleih, G. bleich; all from the root of AS. blÆcan to shine; akin to OHG. blÆchen to shine; cf. L. flagrare to burn, Gr. ? to burn, shine, Skr. bhr¾j to shine, and E. flame. ?98. Cf. Bleach, Blink, Flame.] 1. Without color; pale; pallid. [Obs.] When she came out she looked as pale and as bleak as one that were laid out dead. Foxe. 2. Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds. Wastes too bleak to rear The common growth of earth, the foodful ear. Wordsworth. At daybreak, on the bleak sea beach. Longfellow. 3. Cold and cutting; cheerless; as, a bleak blast. ÐBleak¶ish, a. Ð Bleak¶ly, adv. Ð Bleak¶ness, n. Bleak, n. [From Bleak, a., cf. Blay.] (Zo”l.) A small European river fish (Leuciscus alburnus), of the family Cyprinid‘; the blay. [Written also blick.] µ The silvery pigment lining the scales of the bleak is used in the manufacture of artificial pearls. Baird. Bleak¶y (?), a. Bleak. [Obs.] Dryden. Blear (?), a. [See Blear, v.] 1. Dim or sore with water or rheum; Ð said of the eyes. His blear eyes ran in gutters to his chin. Dryden. 2. Causing or caused by dimness of sight; dim. Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion. Milton. Blear, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bleared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blearing.] [OE. bleren; cf. Dan. plire to blink, Sw. plira to twinkle, wink, LG. plieren; perh. from the same root as E. blink. See Blink, and cf. Blur.] To make somewhat sore or watery, as the eyes; to dim, or blur, as the sight. Figuratively: To obscure (mental or moral perception); to blind; to hoodwink. That tickling rheums Should ever tease the lungs and blear the sight. Cowper. To blear the eye of, to deceive; to impose upon. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bleared (?), a. Dimmed, as by a watery humor; affected with rheum. Ð Blear¶edÏness (?), n. Dardanian wives, With bleared visages, come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Shak. Blear¶eye· (?), n. (Med.) A disease of the eyelids, consisting in chronic inflammation of the margins, with a gummy secretion of sebaceous matter. Dunglison. Blear¶Ðeyed· (?), a. 1. Having sore eyes; having the eyes dim with rheum; dimÏsighted. The blearÏeyed Crispin. Drant. 2. Lacking in perception or penetration; shortÏsighted; as, a blearÏeyed bigot. Blear¶eyed·ness, n. The state of being blearÏeyed. Blear¶y (?), a. Somewhat blear. Bleat (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bleated; p. pr. & vb. n. Bleating.] [OE. bleten, AS. bl?tan; akin to D. blaten, bleeten, OHG. bl¾zan, pl¾zan; prob. of imitative origin.] To make the noise of, or one like that of, a sheep; to cry like a sheep or calf. Then suddenly was heard along the main, To low the ox, to bleat the woolly train. Pope The ewe that will not hear her lamb when it baas, will never answer a calf when he bleats. Shak. Bleat, n. A plaintive cry of, or like that of, a sheep. The bleat of fleecy sheep. Chapman's Homer. Bleat¶er (?), n. One who bleats; a sheep. In cold, stiff soils the bleaters oft complain Of gouty ails. Dyer. Bleat¶ing, a. Crying as a sheep does. Then came the shepherd back with his bleating flocks from the seaside. Longfellow. Bleat¶ing, n. The cry of, or as of, a sheep. Chapman. Bleb (?), n. [Prov. E. bleb, bleib, blob, bubble, blister. This word belongs to the root of blub, blubber, blabber, and perh. blow to puff.] A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing a serous fluid; a blister; a bubble, as in water, glass, etc. Arsenic abounds with air blebs. Kirwan. Bleb¶by (?), a. Containing blebs, or characterized by blebs; as, blebby glass. Bleck, Blek (?), v. t. To blacken; also, to defile. [Obs. or Dial.] Wyclif. Bled (?), imp. & p. p. of Bleed. Blee (?), n. [AS. ble¢, ble¢h.] Complexion; color; hue; likeness; form. [Archaic] For him which is so bright of blee. Lament. of Mary Magd. That boy has a strong blee of his father. Forby. Bleed (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bleeding.] [OE. bleden, AS. bl?dan, fr. bl?d blood; akin to Sw. bl”da, Dan. bl”de, D. bloeden, G. bluten. See Blood.] 1. To emit blood; to lose blood; to run with blood, by whatever means; as, the arm bleeds; the wound bled freely; to bleed at the nose. 2. To withdraw blood from the body; to let blood; as, Dr. A. bleeds in fevers. 3. To lose or shed one's blood, as in case of a violent death or severe wounds; to die by violence. ½C‘sar must bleed.¸ Shak. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed toÏday. Pope. 4. To issue forth, or drop, as blood from an incision. For me the balm shall bleed. Pope. 5. To lose sap, gum, or juice; as, a tree or a vine bleeds when tapped or wounded. 6. To pay or lose money; to have money drawn or extorted; as, to bleed freely for a cause. [Colloq.] To make the heart bleed, to cause extreme pain, as from sympathy or pity. Bleed, v. t. 1. To let blood from; to take or draw blood from, as by opening a vein. 2. To lose, as blood; to emit or let drop, as sap. A decaying pine of stately size, bleeding amber. H. Miller. 3. To draw money from (one); to induce to pay; as, they bled him freely for this fund. [Colloq.] Bleed¶er (?), n. (Med.) (a) One who, or that which, draws blood. (b) One in whom slight wounds give rise to profuse or uncontrollable bleeding. Bleed¶ing, a. Emitting, or appearing to emit, blood or sap, etc.; also, expressing anguish or compassion. Bleed¶ing, n. A running or issuing of blood, as from the nose or a wound; a hemorrhage; the operation of letting blood, as in surgery; a drawing or running of sap from a tree or plant. Blem¶ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blemished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blemishing.] [OE. blemissen, blemishen, OF. blemir, blesmir, to strike, injure, soil, F. blˆmir to grow pale, fr. OF. bleme, blesme, pale, wan, F. blˆme, prob. fr. Icel bl¾man the livid color of a wound, fr. bl¾r blue; akin to E. blue. OF. blemir properly signifies to beat one (black and) blue, and to render blue or dirty. See Blue.] 1. To mark with deformity; to injure or impair, as anything which is well formed, or excellent; to mar, or make defective, either the body or mind. Sin is a soil which blemisheth the beauty of thy soul. Brathwait. 2. To tarnish, as reputation or character; to defame. There had nothing passed between us that might blemish reputation. Oldys. Blem¶ish, n.; pl. Blemishes (?). Any mark of deformity or injury, whether physical or moral; anything; that diminishes beauty, or renders imperfect that which is otherwise well formed; that which impairs reputation. He shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish. Lev. xiv. 10. The reliefs of an envious man are those little blemishes and imperfections that discover themselves in an illustrious character. Spectator. Syn. Ð Spot; speck; flaw; deformity; stain; defect; fault; taint; reproach; dishonor; imputation; disgrace. Blem¶ishÏless, a. Without blemish; spotless. A life in all so blemishless. Feltham. Blem¶ishÏment (?), n. The state of being blemished; blemish; disgrace; damage; impairment. For dread of blame and honor's blemishment. Spenser. Blench (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blenching.] [OE. blenchen to blench, elude, deceive, AS. blencan to deceive; akin to Icel. blekkja to impose upon. Prop. a causative of blink to make to wink, to deceive. See Blink, and cf. 3d Blanch.] 1. To shrink; to start back; to draw back, from lack of courage or resolution; to flinch; to quail. Blench not at thy chosen lot. Bryant. This painful, heroic task he undertook, and never blenched from its fulfillment. Jeffrey. 2. To fly off; to turn aside. [Obs.] Though sometimes you do blench from this to that. Shak. Blench, v. t. 1. To baffle; to disconcert; to turn away; Ð also, to obstruct; to hinder. [Obs.] Ye should have somewhat blenched him therewith, yet he might and would of likelihood have gone further. Sir T. More. 2. To draw back from; to deny from fear. [Obs.] He now blenched what before he affirmed. Evelyn. Blench, n. A looking aside or askance. [Obs.] These blenches gave my heart another youth. Shak. Blench, v. i. & t. [See 1st Blanch.] To grow or make pale. Barbour. Blench¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, scares another; specifically, a person stationed to prevent the escape of the deer, at a hunt. See Blancher. [Obs.] 2. One who blenches, flinches, or shrinks back. Blench¶ hold·ing. (Law) See Blanch holding. Blend (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blended or Blent (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blending.] [OE. blenden, blanden, AS. blandan to blend, mix; akin to Goth. blandan to mix, Icel. blanda, Sw. blanda, Dan. blande, OHG. blantan to mis; to unknown origin.] 1. To mix or mingle together; esp. to mingle, combine, or associate so that the separate things mixed, or the line of demarcation, can not be distinguished. Hence: To confuse; to confound. Blending the grand, the beautiful, the gay. Percival. 2. To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil or corrupt; to blot; to stain. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. Ð To commingle; combine; fuse; merge; amalgamate; harmonize. Blend (?), v. i. To mingle; to mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into each other, as colors. There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that blends with our conviviality. Irving. Blend, n. A thorough mixture of one thing with another, as color, tint, etc., into another, so that it cannot be known where one ends or the other begins. Blend, v. t. [AS. blendan, from blind blind. See Blind, a.] To make blind, literally or figuratively; to dazzle; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer. Blende (?), n. [G., fr. blenden to blind, dazzle, deceive, fr. blind blind. So called either in allusion to its dazzling luster; or (Dana) because, though often resembling galena, it yields no lead. Cf. Sphalerite.] (Min.) (a) A mineral, called also sphalerite, and by miners mock lead, false galena, and blackÏjack. It is a zinc sulphide, but often contains some iron. Its color is usually yellow, brown, or black, and its luster resinous. (b) A general term for some minerals, chiefly metallic sulphides which have a somewhat brilliant but nonmetallic luster. Blend¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, blends; an instrument, as a brush, used in blending. Blend¶ing, n. 1. The act of mingling. 2. (Paint.) The method of laying on different tints so that they may mingle together while wet, and shade into each other insensibly. Weale. Blend¶ous (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, blende. Blend¶wa·ter (?), n. A distemper incident to cattle, in which their livers are affected. Crabb. Blen¶heim span¶iel (?). [So called from Blenheim House, the seat of the duke of Marlborough, in England.] A small variety of spaniel, kept as a pet. Blenk, v. i. To blink; to shine; to look. [Obs.] Blen¶niÏoid (?), Blen¶niÏid (?), } a. [Blenny + Ðoid] (Zo”l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the blennies. BlenÏnog¶eÏnous (?), a. [Gr. ? mucus + Ïgenous.] Generating mucus. ØBlen·norÏrhe¶a (?), n. [Gr. ? mucus + ? to flow.] (Med.) (a) An inordinate secretion and discharge of mucus. (b) Gonorrhea. Dunglison. Blen¶ny (?), n.; pl. Blennies (?). [L. blennius, blendius, blendea, Gr. ?, fr. ? slime, mucus.] (Zo”l.) A marine fish of the genus Blennius or family Blenniid‘; Ð so called from its coating of mucus. The species are numerous. Blent (?), imp. & p. p. of Blend to mingle. Mingled; mixed; blended; also, polluted; stained. Rider and horse, friend, foe, in one red burial blent. Byron. Blent, imp. & p. p. of Blend to blind. Blinded. Also (Chaucer), 3d sing. pres. Blindeth. [Obs.] ØBles¶bok (?), n. [D., fr. bles a white spot on the forehead + bok buck.] (Zo”l.) A South African antelope (Alcelaphus albifrons), having a large white spot on the forehead. Bless (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blessed (?) or Blest; p. pr. & vb. n. Blessing.] [OE. blessien, bletsen, AS. bletsian, bledsian, bloedsian, fr. bl?d blood; prob. originally to consecrate by sprinkling with blood. See Blood.] 1. To make or pronounce holy; to consecrate And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3. 2. To make happy, blithesome, or joyous; to confer prosperity or happiness upon; to grant divine favor to. The quality of mercy is ... twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes. Shak. It hath pleased thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may continue forever before thee. 1 Chron. xvii. 27 (R. V.) 3. To express a wish or prayer for the happiness of; to invoke a blessing upon; Ð applied to persons. Bless them which persecute you. Rom. xii. 14. 4. To invoke or confer beneficial attributes or qualities upon; to invoke or confer a blessing on, Ð as on food. Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them. Luke ix. 16. 5. To make the sign of the cross upon; to cross (one's self). [Archaic] Holinshed. 6. To guard; to keep; to protect. [Obs.] 7. To praise, or glorify; to extol for excellences. Bless the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy name. Ps. ciii. 1. 8. To esteem or account happy; to felicitate. The nations shall bless themselves in him. Jer. iv. 3. 9. To wave; to brandish. [Obs.] And burning blades about their heads do bless. Spenser. Round his armed head his trenchant blade he blest. Fairfax. µ This is an old sense of the word, supposed by Johnson, Nares, and others, to have been derived from the old rite of blessing a field by directing the hands to all parts of it. ½In drawing [their bow] some fetch such a compass as though they would turn about and bless all the field.¸ Ascham.

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Bless me! Bless us! an exclamation of surprise. Milton. Ð To bless from, to secure, defend, or preserve from. ½Bless me from marrying a usurer.¸ Shak. To bless the doors from nightly harm. Milton. ÐTo bless with, To be blessed with, to favor or endow with; to be favored or endowed with; as, God blesses us with health; we are blessed with happiness. Bless¶ed (?), a. 1. Hallowed; consecrated; worthy of blessing or adoration; heavenly; holy. O, run; prevent them with thy humble ode, And lay it lowly at his blessed feet. Milton. 2. Enjoying happiness or bliss; favored with blessings; happy; highly favored. All generations shall call me blessed. Luke i. 48. Towards England's blessed shore. Shak. 3. Imparting happiness or bliss; fraught with happiness; blissful; joyful. ½Then was a blessed time.¸ ½So blessed a disposition.¸ Shak. 4. Enjoying, or pertaining to, spiritual happiness, or heavenly felicity; as, the blessed in heaven. Reverenced like a blessed saint. Shak. Cast out from God and blessed vision. Milton. 5. (R. C. Ch.) Beatified. 6. Used euphemistically, ironically, or intensively. Not a blessed man came to set her [a boat] free. R. D. Blackmore. Bless¶edÏly, adv. Happily; fortunately; joyfully. We shall blessedly meet again never to depart. Sir P. Sidney. Bless¶edÏness, n. The state of being blessed; happiness; felicity; bliss; heavenly joys; the favor of God. The assurance of a future blessedness. Tillotson. Single blessedness, the unmarried state. ½Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness.¸ Shak. Syn. Ð Delight; beatitude; ecstasy. See Happiness. Bless¶ed this¶tle (?). See under Thistle. Bless¶er (?), n. One who blesses; one who bestows or invokes a blessing. Bless¶ing, n. [AS. bletsung. See Bless, v. t.] 1. The act of one who blesses. 2. A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation imploring divine favor on some or something; a benediction; a wish of happiness pronounces. This is the blessing, where with Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel. Deut. xxxiii. 1. 3. A means of happiness; that which promotes prosperity and welfare; a beneficent gift. Nature's full blessings would be well dispensed. Milton. 4. (Bib.) A gift. [A Hebraism] Gen. xxxiii. 11. 5. Grateful praise or worship. Blest, a. Blessed. ½This patriarch blest.¸ Milton. White these blest sounds my ravished ear assail. Trumbull. Blet (?), n. [F. blet, blette, a., soft from over ripeness.] A form of decay in fruit which is overripe. Ble¶tonÏism (?), n. The supposed faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs and currents by sensation; Ð so called from one Bleton, of France. Blet¶ting (?), n. A form of decay seen in fleshy, overripe fruit. Lindley. Blew (?), imp. of Blow. Bleyme (?), n. [F. bleime.] (Far.) An inflammation in the foot of a horse, between the sole and the bone. [Obs.] Bleyn¶te (?), imp. of Blench. [Obs.] Chaucer. Blick¶ey (?), n. [D. blik tin.] A tin dinner pail. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Blight (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blighting.] [Perh. contr. from AS. blÆcettan to glitter, fr. the same root as E. bleak. The meaning ½to blight¸ comes in that case from to glitter, hence, to be white or pale, grow pale, make pale, bleach. Cf. Bleach, Bleak.] 1. To affect with blight; to blast; to prevent the growth and fertility of. [This vapor] blasts vegetables, blights corn and fruit, and is sometimes injurious even to man. Woodward. 2. Hence: To destroy the happiness of; to ruin; to mar essentially; to frustrate; as, to blight one's prospects. Seared in heart and lone and blighted. Byron. Blight, v. i. To be affected by blight; to blast; as, this vine never blights. Blight, n. 1. Mildew; decay; anything nipping or blasting; Ð applied as a general name to various injuries or diseases of plants, causing the whole or a part to wither, whether occasioned by insects, fungi, or atmospheric influences. 2. The act of blighting, or the state of being blighted; a withering or mildewing, or a stoppage of growth in the whole or a part of a plant, etc. 3. That which frustrates one's plans or withers one's hopes; that which impairs or destroys. A blight seemed to have fallen over our fortunes. Disraeli. 4. (Zo”l.) A downy species of aphis, or plant louse, destructive to fruit trees, infesting both the roots and branches; Ð also applied to several other injurious insects. 5. pl. A rashlike eruption on the human skin. [U. S.] Blight¶ing, a. Causing blight. Blight¶ingÏly, adv. So as to cause blight. Blim¶bi (?), Blim¶bing (?), n. See Bilimbi, etc. Blin (?), v. t. & i. [OE. blinnen, AS. blinnan; pref. beÏ + linnan to cease.] To stop; to cease; to desist. [Obs.] Spenser. Blin, n. [AS. blinn.] Cessation; end. [Obs.] Blind (?), a. [AS.; akin to D., G., OS., Sw., & Dan. blind, Icel. blindr, Goth. blinds; of uncertain origin.] 1. Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect or by deprivation; without sight. He that is strucken blind can not forget The precious treasure of his eyesight lost. Shak. 2. Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute of intellectual light; unable or unwilling to understand or judge; as, authors are blind to their own defects. But hard be hardened, blind be blinded more, That they may stumble on, and deeper fall. Milton. 3. Undiscerning; undiscriminating; inconsiderate. This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation nor to blind reprobation. Jay. 4. Having such a state or condition as a thing would have to a person who is blind; not well marked or easily discernible; hidden; unseen; concealed; as, a blind path; a blind ditch. 5. Involved; intricate; not easily followed or traced. The blind mazes of this tangled wood. Milton. 6. Having no openings for light or passage; as, a blind wall; open only at one end; as, a blind alley; a blind gut. 7. Unintelligible, or not easily intelligible; as, a blind passage in a book; illegible; as, blind writing. 8. (Hort.) Abortive; failing to produce flowers or fruit; as, blind buds; blind flowers. Blind alley, an alley closed at one end; a culÏdeÏsac. Ð Blind axle, an axle which turns but does not communicate motion. Knight. Ð Blind beetle, one of the insects apt to fly against people, esp. at night. Ð Blind cat (Zo”l.), a species of catfish (Gronias nigrolabris), nearly destitute of eyes, living in caverns in Pennsylvania. Ð Blind coal, coal that burns without flame; anthracite coal. Simmonds. Ð Blind door, Blind window, an imitation of a door or window, without an opening for passage or light. See Blank door or window, under Blank, a. Ð Blind level (Mining), a level or drainage gallery which has a vertical shaft at each end, and acts as an inverted siphon. Knight. Ð Blind nettle (Bot.), dead nettle. See Dead nettle, under Dead. Ð Blind shell (Gunnery), a shell containing no charge, or one that does not explode. Ð Blind side, the side which is most easily assailed; a weak or unguarded side; the side on which one is least able or disposed to see danger. Swift. Ð Blind snake (Zo”l.), a small, harmless, burrowing snake, of the family Typhlopid‘, with rudimentary eyes. Ð Blind spot (Anat.), the point in the retina of the eye where the optic nerve enters, and which is insensible to light. Ð Blind tooling, in bookbinding and leather work, the indented impression of heated tools, without gilding; Ð called also blank tooling, and blind blocking. Ð Blind wall, a wall without an opening; a blank wall. Blind (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blinded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blinding.] 1. To make blind; to deprive of sight or discernment. ½To blind the truth and me.¸ Tennyson. A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that blinds those whom he should lead is ... a much greater. South. 2. To deprive partially of vision; to make vision difficult for and painful to; to dazzle. Her beauty all the rest did blind. P. Fletcher. 3. To darken; to obscure to the eye or understanding; to conceal; to deceive. Such darkness blinds the sky. Dryden. The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with all his art, to blind and confound. Stillingfleet. 4. To cover with a thin coating of sand and fine gravel; as a road newly paved, in order that the joints between the stones may be filled. Blind (?), n. 1. Something to hinder sight or keep out light; a screen; a cover; esp. a hinged screen or shutter for a window; a blinder for a horse. 2. Something to mislead the eye or the understanding, or to conceal some covert deed or design; a subterfuge. 3. [Cf. F. blindes, p?., fr. G. blende, fr. blenden to blind, fr. blind blind.] (Mil.) A blindage. See Blindage. 4. A halting place. [Obs.] Dryden. Blind, Blinde (?), n. See Blende. Blind¶age (?), n. [Cf. F. blindage.] (Mil.) A cover or protection for an advanced trench or approach, formed of fascines and earth supported by a framework. Blind¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, blinds. 2. (Saddlery) One of the leather screens on a bridle, to hinder a horse from seeing objects at the side; a blinker. Blind¶fish· (?), n. A small fish (Amblyopsis spel‘us) destitute of eyes, found in the waters of the Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky. Related fishes from other caves take the same name. Blind¶fold· (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blindfolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blindfolding.] [OE. blindfolden, blindfelden, blindfellen; AS. blind blind + prob. fellan, fyllan, to fell, strike down.] To cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; to hinder from seeing. And when they had blindfolded him, they struck him on the face. Luke xxii. 64. Blind¶fold·, a. Having the eyes covered; blinded; having the mental eye darkened. Hence: Heedless; reckless; as, blindfold zeal; blindfold fury. Fate's blindfold reign the atheist loudly owns. Dryden. Blind¶ing, a. Making blind or as if blind; depriving of sight or of understanding; obscuring; as, blinding tears; blinding snow. Blind¶ing, n. A thin coating of sand and fine gravel over a newly paved road. See Blind, v. t., 4. Blind¶ly, adv. Without sight, discernment, or understanding; without thought, investigation, knowledge, or purpose of one's own. By his imperious mistress blindly led. Dryden. Blind¶man's buff¶ (?). [See Buff a buffet.] A play in which one person is blindfolded, and tries to catch some one of the company and tell who it is. Surely he fancies I play at blindman's buff with him, for he thinks I never have my eyes open. Stillingfleet. Blind·man's hol¶iÏday (?). The time between daylight and candle light. [Humorous] Blind¶ness (?), n. State or condition of being blind, literally or figuratively. Darwin. Color blindness, inability to distinguish certain color. See Daltonism. Blind¶sto·ry (?), n. (Arch.) The triforium as opposed to the clearstory. Blind¶worm· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small, burrowing, snakelike, limbless lizard (Anguis fragilis), with minute eyes, popularly believed to be blind; the slowworm; Ð formerly a name for the adder. Newts and blindworms do no wrong. Shak. Blink (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blinking.] [OE. blenken; akin to dan. blinke, Sw. blinka, G. blinken to shine, glance, wink, twinkle, D. blinken to shine; and prob. to D. blikken to glance, twinkle, G. blicken to look, glance, AS. blÆcan to shine, E. bleak. ?98. See Bleak; cf. 1st Blench.] 1. To wink; to twinkle with, or as with, the eye. One eye was blinking, and one leg was lame. Pope 2. To see with the eyes half shut, or indistinctly and with frequent winking, as a person with weak eyes. Show me thy chink, to blink through with mine eyne. Shak. 3. To shine, esp. with intermittent light; to twinkle; to flicker; to glimmer, as a lamp. The dew was falling fast, the stars began to blink. Wordsworth. The sun blinked fair on pool and stream . Sir W. Scott. 4. To turn slightly sour, as beer, mild, etc. Blink, v. t. 1. To shut out of sight; to avoid, or purposely evade; to shirk; as, to blink the question. 2. To trick; to deceive. [Scot.] Jamieson. Blink, n. [OE. blink. See Blink, v. i. ] 1. A glimpse or glance. This is the first blink that ever I had of him. Bp. Hall. 2. Gleam; glimmer; sparkle. Sir W. Scott. Not a blink of light was there. Wordsworth. 3. (Naut.) The dazzling whiteness about the horizon caused by the reflection of light from fields of ice at sea; ice blink. 4. pl. [Cf. Blencher.] (Sporting) Boughs cast where deer are to pass, to turn or check them. [Prov. Eng.] Blink¶ard (?), n. [Blind + Ïard.] 1. One who blinks with, or as with, weak eyes. Among the blind the oneÏeyed blinkard reigns. Marvell. 2. That which twinkles or glances, as a dim star, which appears and disappears. Hakewill. Blink¶ beer· (?). Beer kept unbroached until it is sharp. Crabb. Blink¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, blinks. 2. A blinder for horses; a flap of leather on a horse's bridle to prevent him from seeing objects as his side hence, whatever obstructs sight or discernment. Nor bigots who but one way see, through blinkers of authority. M. Green. 3. pl. A kind of goggles, used to protect the eyes form glare, etc. Blink¶Ðeyed· (?), a. Habitually winking. Marlowe. Blirt (?), n. (Naut.) A gust of wind and rain. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Bliss , n.; pl. Blisses (?). [OE. blis, blisse, AS. blis, blÆ?s, fr. blÆ?e blithe. See Blithe.] Orig., blithesomeness; gladness; now, the highest degree of happiness; blessedness; exalted felicity; heavenly joy. An then at last our bliss Full and perfect is. Milton. Syn. Ð Blessedness; felicity; beatitude; happiness; joy; enjoyment. See Happiness. Bliss¶ful (?), a. Full of, characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the highest degree. ½Blissful solitude.¸ Milton. Ð Bliss¶fulÏly, adv. Ð Bliss¶fulÏness, n. Bliss¶less, a. Destitute of bliss. Sir P. Sidney. Blis¶som (?), v. i. [For blithesome: but cf. also Icel. bl?sma of a goat at heat.] To be lustful; to be lascivious. [Obs.] Blis¶som, a. Lascivious; also, in heat; Ð said of ewes. Blis¶ter (?), n. [OE.; akin to OD. bluyster, fr. the same root as blast, bladder, blow. See Blow to eject wind.] 1. A vesicle of the skin, containing watery matter or serum, whether occasioned by a burn or other injury, or by a vesicatory; a collection of serous fluid causing a bladderlike elevation of the cuticle. And painful blisters swelled my tender hands. Grainger. 2. Any elevation made by the separation of the film or skin, as on plants; or by the swelling of the substance at the surface, as on steel. 3. A vesicatory; a plaster of Spanish flies, or other matter, applied to raise a blister. Dunglison. Blister beetle, a beetle used to raise blisters, esp. the Lytta (or Cantharis) vesicatoria, called Cantharis or Spanish fly by druggists. See Cantharis. Ð Blister fly, a blister beetle. Ð Blister plaster, a plaster designed to raise a blister; Ð usually made of Spanish flies. Ð Blister steel, crude steel formed from wrought iron by cementation; Ð so called because of its blistered surface. Called also blistered steel. Ð Blood blister. See under Blood. Blis¶ter, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blistering.] To be affected with a blister or blisters; to have a blister form on. Let my tongue blister. Shak. Blis¶ter, v. t. 1. To raise a blister or blisters upon. My hands were blistered. Franklin. 2. To give pain to, or to injure, as if by a blister. This tyrant, whose sole name blisters our tongue. Shak. Blis¶terÏy (?), a. Full of blisters. Hooker. Blite (?), n. [L. blitum, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) A

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genus of herbs (Blitum) with a fleshy calyx. Blitum capitatum is the strawberry blite. Blithe (?), a. [AS. blÆ?e blithe, kind; akin to Goth. blei?s kind, Icel. blÆ?r mild, gentle, Dan. & Sw. blid gentle, D. blijd blithe, OHG. blÆdi kind, blithe.] Gay; merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; as, a blithe spirit. The blithe sounds of festal music. Prescott. A daughter fair, So buxom, blithe, and debonair. Milton. Blithe¶ful (?), a. Gay; full of gayety; joyous. Blithe¶ly, adv. In a blithe manner. Blithe¶ness, n. The state of being blithe. Chaucer. Blithe¶some (?), a. Cheery; gay; merry. The blithesome sounds of wassail gay. Sir W. Scott. Ð Blithe¶someÏly, adv. Ð Blithe¶someÏness, n. Blive (?), adv. [A contraction of Belive.] Quickly; forthwith. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bliz¶zard (?), n. [Cf. Blaze to flash. Formerly, in local use, a rattling volley; cf. ½to blaze away¸ to fire away.] A gale of piercingly cold wind, usually accompanied with fine and blinding snow; a furious blast. [U. S.] Bloat (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Bloating.] [Cf. Icel. blotna to become soft, blautr soft, wet, Sw. bl”t soft, bl”ta to soak; akin to G. bloss bare, and AS. ble t wretched; or perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th blow. Cf. Blote.] 1. To make turgid, as with water or air; to cause a swelling of the surface of, from effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing a morbid enlargement, often accompanied with softness. 2. To inflate; to puff up; to make vain. Dryden. Bloat, v. i. To grow turgid as by effusion of liquid in the cellular tissue; to puff out; to swell. Arbuthnot. Bloat, a. Bloated. [R.] Shak. Bloat, n. A term of contempt for a worthless, dissipated fellow. [Slang] Bloat, v. t. To dry (herrings) in smoke. See Blote. Bloat¶ed (?), p. a. Distended beyond the natural or usual size, as by the presence of water, serum, etc.; turgid; swollen; as, a bloated face. Also, puffed up with pride; pompous. Bloat¶edÏness, n. The state of being bloated. Bloat¶er (?), n. [See Bloat, Blote.] The common herring, esp. when of large size, smoked, and half dried; Ð called also bloat herring. Blob (?), n. [See Bleb.] 1. Something blunt and round; a small drop or lump of something viscid or thick; a drop; a bubble; a blister. Wright. 2. (Zo”l.) A small freshÏwater fish (Uranidea Richardsoni); the miller's thumb. Blob¶ber (?), n. [See Blubber, Blub.] A bubble; blubber. [Low] T. Carew. Blobber lip, a thick, protruding lip. His blobber lips and beetle brows commend. Dryden. Blob¶berÐlipped· (?), a. Having thick lips. ½A blobberÐlipped shell.¸ Grew. ØBloÏcage¶ (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) The roughest and cheapest sort of rubblework, in masonry. Block (?), n. [OE. blok; cf. F. bloc (fr. OHG.), D. & Dan. blok, Sw. & G. block, OHG. bloch. There is also an OHG. bloch, biloh; bi by + the same root as that of E. lock. Cf. Block, v. t., Blockade, and see Lock.] 1. A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or approximately plane, faces; as, a block on which a butcher chops his meat; a block by which to mount a horse; children's playing blocks, etc. Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke, And Christmas blocks are burning. Wither. All her labor was but as a block Left in the quarry. Tennyson. 2. The solid piece of wood on which condemned persons lay their necks when they are beheaded. Noble heads which have been brought to the block. E. Everett. 3. The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat. He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever changes with the next block. Shak. 4. A large or long building divided into separate houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or shops. 5. A square, or portion of a city inclosed by streets, whether occupied by buildings or not. The new city was laid out in rectangular blocks, each block containing thirty building lots. Such an average block, comprising 282 houses and covering nine acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street. Lond. Quart. Rev. 6. A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased force; Ð used especially in the rigging of ships, and in tackles. 7. (Falconry) The perch on which a bird of prey is kept. 8. Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; as, a block in the way. 9. A piece of box or other wood for engravers' work. 10. (Print.) A piece of hard wood (as mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is mounted to make it type high. 11. A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] What a block art thou ! Shak. 12. A section of a railroad where the block system is used. See Block system, below. A block of shares (Stock Exchange), a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a lump. Bartlett. Ð Block printing. (a) A mode of printing (common in China and Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the linked surface and rubbed with a brush. S. W. Williams. (b) A method of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter. Ð Block system on railways, a system by which the track is divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block before the preceding train has left it. Block (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blocking.] [Cf. F. bloquer, fr. bloc block. See Block, n.] 1. To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; Ð used both of persons and things; Ð often followed by up; as, to block up a road or harbor. With moles ... would block the port. Rowe. A city ... besieged and blocked about. Milton. 2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each. 3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to block a hat. To block out, to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out; as, to block out a plan. BlockÏade¶ (?), n. [Cf. It. bloccata. See Block, v. t. ] 1. The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the reception of supplies; as, the blockade of the ports of an enemy. µ Blockade is now usually applied to an investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an investment by land forces. To constitute a blockade, the investing power must be able to apply its force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no blockade of that port where its force can not be brought to bear. Kent. 2. An obstruction to passage. To raise a blockade. See under Raise. BlockÏade¶, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blockaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blockading.] 1. To shut up, as a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the introduction of supplies. See note under Blockade, n. ½Blockaded the place by sea.¸ Gilpin. 2. Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress. Till storm and driving ice blockade him there. Wordsworth. 3. To obstruct entrance to or egress from. Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door. Pope. BlockÏad¶er (?), n. 1. One who blockades. 2. (Naut.) A vessel employed in blockading. Block¶age (?), n. The act of blocking up; the state of being blocked up. Block¶ book· (?). A book printed from engraved wooden blocks instead of movable types. Block¶head· (?), n. [Block + head.] A stupid fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding. The bookful blockhead, ignorantly read, With loads of learned lumber in his head. Pope. Block¶head·ed, a. Stupid; dull. Block¶headÏism (?), n. That which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity. Carlyle. Block¶house· (?), n. [Block + house: cf. G. blockhaus.] 1. (Mil.) An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all directions; Ð formerly much used in America and Germany. 2. A house of squared logs. [West. & South. U. S.] Block¶ing, n. 1. The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or blocks. 2. Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily. Block¶ing course· (?). (Arch.) The finishing course of a wall showing above a cornice. Block¶ish, a. Like a block; deficient in understanding; stupid; dull. ½Blockish Ajax.¸ Shak. Ð Block¶ishÏly, adv. Ð Block¶ishÏness, n. Block¶like· (?), a. Like a block; stupid. Block¶ tin· (?). See under Tin. Bloe¶dite (?), n. [From the chemist Bl”de.] (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium. Blom¶aÏry (?), n. See Bloomery. Blonc¶ket, Blon¶ket (?), a. [OF. blanquet whitish, dim. of blanc white. Cf. Blanket.] Gray; bluish gray. [Obs.] Our bloncket liveries been all too sad. Spenser. Blond, Blonde (?), a. [F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf. AS. blondenÏfeax grayÏhaired, old, prop. blendedÏhaired, as a mixture of white and brown or black. See Blend, v. t.] Of a fair color; lightÏcolored; as, blond hair; a blond complexion. Blonde (?), n. [F.] 1. A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes. [Written also blond.] 2. [So called from its color.] A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes dyed; Ð called also blond lace. Blond¶ met·al (?). A variety of clay ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used for making tools. Blond¶ness, n. The state of being blond. G. Eliot. Blood (?), n. [OE. blod, blood, AS. bl?d; akin to D. bloed, OHG. bluot, G. blut, Goth, bl??, Sw. & Dan. blod; prob. fr. the same root as E. blow to bloom. See Blow to bloom.] 1. The fluid which circulates in the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be excreted. See under Arterial. µ The blood consists of a liquid, the plasma, containing minute particles, the blood corpuscles. In the invertebrate animals it is usually nearly colorless, and contains only one kind of corpuscles; but in all vertebrates, except Amphioxus, it contains some colorless corpuscles, with many more which are red and give the blood its uniformly red color. See Corpuscle, Plasma. 2. Relationship by descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity; kinship. To share the blood of Saxon royalty. Sir W. Scott. A friend of our own blood. Waller. Half blood (Law), relationship through only one parent. Ð Whole blood, relationship through both father and mother. In American Law, blood includes both half blood, and whole blood. Bouvier. Peters. 3. Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth; the highest royal lineage. Give us a prince of blood, a son of Priam. Shak. I am a gentleman of blood and breeding. Shak. 4. (Stock Breeding) Descent from parents of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed. µ In stock breeding half blood is descent showing one half only of pure breed. Blue blood, full blood, or warm blood, is the same as blood. 5. The fleshy nature of man. Nor gives it satisfaction to our blood. Shak. 6. The shedding of blood; the taking of life, murder; manslaughter; destruction. So wills the fierce, avenging sprite, Till blood for blood atones. Hood. 7. A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition. [R.] He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying cries. Shak. 8. Temper of mind; disposition; state of the passions; Ð as if the blood were the seat of emotions. When you perceive his blood inclined to mirth. Shak. µ Often, in this sense, accompanied with bad, cold, warm, or other qualifying word. Thus, to commit an act in cold blood, is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion; to do it in bad blood, is to do it in anger. Warm blood denotes a temper inflamed or irritated. To warm or heat the blood is to excite the passions. Qualified by up, excited feeling or passion is signified; as, my blood was up. 9. A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay, showy man; a rake. Seest thou not ... how giddily 'a turns about all the hot bloods between fourteen and five and thirty? Shak. It was the morning costume of a dandy or blood. Thackeray. 10. The juice of anything, especially if red. He washed ... his clothes in the blood of grapes. Gen. xiix. 11. µ Blood is often used as an adjective, and as the first part of selfÏexplaining compound words; as, bloodÏbespotted, bloodÏbought, bloodÏcurdling, bloodÏdyed, bloodÏred, bloodÏspilling, bloodÏstained, bloodÏwarm, bloodÏwon. Blood baptism (Eccl. Hist.), the martyrdom of those who had not been baptized. They were considered as baptized in blood, and this was regarded as a full substitute for literal baptism. Ð Blood blister, a blister or bleb containing blood or bloody serum, usually caused by an injury. Ð Blood brother, brother by blood or birth. Ð Blood clam (Zo”l.), a bivalve mollusk of the genus Arca and allied genera, esp. Argina pexata of the American coast. So named from the color of its flesh. Ð Blood corpuscle. See Corpuscle. Ð Blood crystal (Physiol.), one of the crystals formed by the separation in a crystalline form of the h‘moglobin of the red blood corpuscles; h‘matocrystallin. All blood does not yield blood crystals. Ð Blood heat, heat equal to the temperature of human blood, or about 98« ? F hr. Ð Blood horse, a horse whose blood or lineage is derived from the purest and most highly prized origin or stock. Ð Blood money. See in the Vocabulary. Ð Blood orange, an orange with dark red pulp. Ð Blood poisoning (Med.), a morbid state of the blood caused by the introduction of poisonous or infective matters from without, or the absorption or retention of such as are produced in the body itself; tox‘mia. Ð Blood pudding, a pudding made of blood and other materials. Ð Blood relation, one connected by blood or descent. Ð Blood spavin. See under Spavin. Ð Blood vessel. See in the Vocabulary. Ð Blue blood, the blood of noble or aristocratic families, which, according to a Spanish prover , has in it a tinge of blue; Ð hence, a member of an old and aristocratic family. Ð Flesh and blood. (a) A blood relation, esp. a child. (b) Human nature. Ð In blood (Hunting), in a state of perfect health and vigor. Shak. Ð To let blood. See under Let. Ð Prince of the blood, the son of a sovereign, or the issue of a royal family. The sons, brothers, and uncles of the sovereign are styled princes of the blood royal; and the daughters, sisters, and aunts are princesses of the blood royal. Blood (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blooding.] 1. To bleed. [Obs.] Cowper.

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2. To stain, smear or wet, with blood. [Archaic] Reach out their spears afar, And blood their points. Dryden. 3. To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or sight of blood, as in hunting or war. It was most important too that his troops should be blooded. Macaulay. 4. To heat the blood of; to exasperate. [Obs.] The auxiliary forces of the French and English were much blooded one against another. Bacon. Blood¶bird· (?), n. (Zo”l.) An Australian honeysucker (Myzomela sanguineolata); Ð so called from the bright red color of the male bird. Blood¶Ðbol·tered (?), a. [Blood + Prov. E. bolter to mat in tufts. Cf. Balter.] Having the hair matted with clotted blood. [Obs. & R.] The bloodÐboltered Banquo smiles upon me. Shak. Blood¶ed, a. Having pure blood, or a large admixture or pure blood; of approved breed; of the best stock. µ Used also in composition in phrases indicating a particular condition or quality of blood; as, coldÐblooded; warmÐblooded. Blood¶flow·er (?), n. [From the color of the flower.] (Bot.) A genus of bulbous plants, natives of Southern Africa, named H‘manthus, of the Amaryllis family. The juice of H. toxicarius is used by the Hottentots to poison their arrows. Blood¶guilt·y (?), a. Guilty of murder or bloodshed. ½A bloodguilty life.¸ Fairfax. Ð Blood¶guilt·iÏness (?), n. Ð Blood¶guilt·less, a. Blood¶hound· (?), n. A breed of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and pendulous ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed to recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same purpose and go by the same name. The Cuban bloodhound is said to be a variety of the mastiff. Blood¶iÏly (?), adv. In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood. Blood¶iÏness, n. 1. The state of being bloody. 2. Disposition to shed blood; bloodthirstiness. All that bloodiness and savage cruelty which was in our nature. Holland. Blood¶less, a. [AS. bl?dle s.] 1. Destitute of blood, or apparently so; as, bloodless cheeks; lifeless; dead. The bloodless carcass of my Hector sold. Dryden. 2. Not attended with shedding of blood, or slaughter; as, a bloodless victory. Froude. 3. Without spirit or activity. Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood ! Shak. Ð Blood¶lessÏly, adv. Ð Blood¶lessÏness, n. Blood¶let· (?), v. t. [AS. bl?dl?tan; bl?d blood + l?atan to let.] To bleed; to let blood. Arbuthnot. Blood¶let·ter (?), n. One who, or that which, lets blood; a phlebotomist. Blood¶let·ting, n. (Med.) The act or process of letting blood or bleeding, as by opening a vein or artery, or by cupping or leeches; Ð esp. applied to venesection. Blood¶ mon·ey (?). 1. Money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed by another. 2. Money obtained as the price, or at the cost, of another's life; Ð said of a reward for supporting a capital charge, of money obtained for betraying a fugitive or for committing murder, or of money obtained from the sale of that which will destroy the purchaser. Blood¶root· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Sanguinaria Canadensis), with a red root and red sap, and bearing a pretty, white flower in early spring; Ð called also puccoon, redroot, bloodwort, tetterwort, turmeric, and Indian paint. It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a stimulant expectorant. See Sanguinaria. µ In England the name is given to the tormentil, once used as a remedy for dysentery. Blood¶shed· (?), n. [Blood + shed] The shedding or spilling of blood; slaughter; the act of shedding human blood, or taking life, as in war, riot, or murder. Blood¶shed·der (?), n. One who sheds blood; a manslayer; a murderer. Blood¶shed·ding (?), n. Bloodshed. Shak. Blood¶shot· (?), a. [Blood + shot, p. p. of shoot to variegate.] Red and inflamed; suffused with blood, or having the vessels turgid with blood, as when the conjunctiva is inflamed or irritated. His eyes were bloodshot, ... and his hair disheveled. Dickens. Blood¶Ðshot·ten (?), a. Bloodshot. [Obs.] Blood¶stick¶ (?), n. (Far.) A piece of hard wood loaded at one end with lead, and used to strike the fleam into the vein. Youatt. Blood¶stone· (?), n. (Min.) (a) A green siliceous stone sprinkled with red jasper, as if with blood; hence the name; Ð called also heliotrope. (b) Hematite, an ore of iron yielding a blood red powder or ½streak.¸ Blood¶stroke¶ (?), n. [Cf. F. coup de sang.] Loss of sensation and motion from hemorrhage or congestion in the brain. Dunglison. Blood¶suck·er (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) Any animal that sucks blood; esp., the leech (Hirudo medicinalis), and related species. 2. One who sheds blood; a cruel, bloodthirsty man; one guilty of bloodshed; a murderer. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A hard and exacting master, landlord, or money lender; an extortioner. Blood¶thirst·y (?), a. Eager to shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous. Ð Blood¶thirst·iÏness (?), n. Blood¶ulf (?), n. (Zo”l.) The European bullfinch. Blood¶ ves·sel (?). (Anat.) Any vessel or canal in which blood circulates in an animal, as an artery or vein. Blood¶wite· (?), Blood¶wit· (?), } n. [AS. bl?wÆte; bl?d blood, + wÆte wite, fine.] (Anc. Law) A fine or amercement paid as a composition for the shedding of blood; also, a riot wherein blood was spilled. Blood¶wood (?), n. (Bot.) A tree having the wood or the sap of the color of blood. Norfolk Island bloodwood is a euphorbiaceous tree (Baloghia lucida), from which the sap is collected for use as a plant. Various other trees have the name, chiefly on account of the color of the wood, as Gordonia H‘matoxylon of Jamaica, and several species of Australian Eucalyptus; also the true logwood (H‘matoxylon Campechianum). Blood¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, Rumex sanguineus, or bloodyÏveined dock. The name is applied also to bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canadensis), and to an extensive order of plants (H‘modorace‘), the roots of many species of which contain a red coloring matter useful in dyeing. Blood¶y (?), a. [AS. bl?dig.] 1. Containing or resembling blood; of the nature of blood; as, bloody excretions; bloody sweat. 2. Smeared or stained with blood; as, bloody hands; a bloody handkerchief. 3. Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood; having a cruel, savage disposition; murderous; cruel. Some bloody passion shakes your very frame. Shak. 4. Attended with, or involving, bloodshed; sanguinary; esp., marked by great slaughter or cruelty; as, a bloody battle. 5. Infamous; contemptible; Ð variously used for mere emphasis or as a low epithet. [Vulgar] Thackeray. Blood¶y, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bloodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bloodying.] To stain with blood. Overbury. Blood¶yÏbones· (?), n. A terrible bugbear. Blood¶y flux· (?). The dysentery, a disease in which the flux or discharge from the bowels has a mixture of blood. Arbuthnot. Blood¶y hand· (?). 1. A hand stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest laws of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the forest against venison. Jacob. 2. (Her.) A red hand, as in the arms of Ulster, which is now the distinguishing mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom. Blood¶yÐmind¶ed (?), a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty. Dryden. Blood¶y sweat· (?). A sweat accompanied by a discharge of blood; a disease, called sweating sickness, formerly prevalent in England and other countries. Bloom (?), n. [OE. blome, fr. Icel. bl?m, bl?mi; akin to Sw. blom, Goth. bl?ma, OS. bl?mo, D. bloem, OHG. bluomo, bluoma, G. blume; fr. the same root as AS. bl?wan to blow, blossom. See Blow to bloom, and cf. Blossom.] 1. A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud; flowers, collectively. The rich blooms of the tropics. Prescott. 2. The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open; as, the cherry trees are in bloom. ½Sight of vernal bloom.¸ Milton. 3. A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms; as, the bloom of youth. Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter bloom, a more delicate and briefer beauty. Hawthorne. 4. The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newlyÏgathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc. Hence: Anything giving an appearance of attractive freshness; a flush; a glow. A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the bloom upon it. Thackeray. 5. The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes takes upon the surface of a picture. 6. A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which appears on wellÐtanned leather. Knight. 7. (Min.) A popular term for a brightÐhued variety of some minerals; as, the roseÐred cobalt bloom. Bloom, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blooming.] 1. To produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in flower. A flower which once In Paradise, fast by the tree of life, Began to bloom. Milton. 2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give promise, as by or with flowers. A better country blooms to view, Beneath a brighter sky. Logan. Bloom, v. t. 1. To cause to blossom; to make flourish. [R.] Charitable affection bloomed them. Hooker. 2. To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or radiant. [R.] Milton. While barred clouds bloom the softÐdying day. Keats. Bloom, n. [AS. bl?ma a mass or lump, Æsenes bl?ma a lump or wedge of iron.] (Metal.) (a) A mass of wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the puddling furnace, deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the form of an oblong block by shingling. (b) A large bar of steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering or rolling, being a preliminary shape for further working. Bloom¶aÏry (?), n. See Bloomery. Bloom¶er (?), n. [From Mrs. Bloomer, an American, who sought to introduce this style of dress.] 1. A costume for women, consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round ankles, and (commonly) a broadÐbrimmed hat. 2. A woman who wears a Bloomer costume. Bloom¶erÏy (?), n. (Manuf.) A furnace and forge in which wrought iron in the form of blooms is made directly from the ore, or (more rarely) from cast iron. Bloom¶ing, n. (Metal.) The process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron. Bloom¶ing, a. 1. Opening in blossoms; flowering. 2. Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor; indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health. Bloom¶ingÏly, adv. In a blooming manner. Bloom¶ingÏness, n. A blooming condition. Bloom¶less, a. Without bloom or flowers. Shelley. Bloom¶y (?), a. 1. Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth; as, a bloomy spray. But all the bloomy flush of life is fled. Goldsmith. 2. Covered with bloom, as fruit. Dryden. Blooth (?), n. Bloom; a blossoming. [Prov. Eng.] All that blooth means heavy autumn work for him and his hands. T. Hardy. Blore (?), n. [Perh. a variant of blare, v. i.; or cf. Gael. & Ir. blor a loud noise.] The act of blowing; a roaring wind; a blast. [Obs.] A most tempestuous blore. Chapman. Blos¶my (?), a. Blossomy. [Obs.] Chaucer. Blos¶som (?), n. [OE. blosme, blostme, AS. bl?sma, bl?stma, blossom; akin to D. bloesem, L. fios, and E. flower; from the root of E. blow to blossom. See Blow to blossom, and cf. Bloom a blossom.] 1. The flower of a plant, or the essential organs of reproduction, with their appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant, collectively; as, the blossoms and fruit of a tree; an apple tree in blossom. µ The term has been applied by some botanists, and is also applied in common usage, to the corolla. It is more commonly used than flower or bloom, when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we use flowers when we speak of plants cultivated for ornament, and bloom in a more general sense, as of flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of flowers. Blossoms flaunting in the eye of day. Longfellow. 2. A blooming period or stage of development; something lovely that gives rich promise. In the blossom of my youth. Massinger. 3. The color of a horse that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; Ð otherwise called peach color. In blossom, having the blossoms open; in bloom. Blos¶som, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blossomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blossoming.] [AS. bl?stmian. See Blossom, n.] 1. To put forth blossoms or flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower. The moving whisper of huge trees that branched And blossomed. Tennyson. 2. To flourish and prosper. Israel shall blossom and bud, and full the face of the world with fruit. Isa. xxvii. 6. Blos¶somÏless, a. Without blossoms. Blos¶somÏy (?), a. Full of blossoms; flowery. Blot (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blotting.] [Cf. Dan. plette. See 3d Blot.] 1. To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink. The brief was writ and blotted all with gore. Gascoigne. 2. To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil. It blots thy beauty, as frosts do bite the meads. Shak. 3. To stain with infamy; to disgrace. Blot not thy innocence with guiltless blood. Rowe. 4. To obliterate, as writing with ink; to cancel; to efface; Ð generally with out; as, to blot out a word or a sentence. Often figuratively; as, to blot out offenses. One act like this blots out a thousand crimes. Dryden. 5. To obscure; to eclipse; to shadow. He sung how earth blots the moon's gilded wane. Cowley. 6. To dry, as writing, with blotting paper. Syn. Ð To obliterate; expunge; erase; efface; cancel; tarnish; disgrace; blur; sully; smear; smutch. Blot, v. i. To take a blot; as, this paper blots easily. Blot, n. [Cf. Icel. blettr, Dan. plet.] 1. A spot or stain, as of ink on paper; a blur. ½Inky blots and rotten parchment bonds.¸ Shak. 2. An obliteration of something written or printed; an erasure. Dryden. 3. A spot on reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a reproach; a blemish. This deadly blot in thy digressing son. Shak. Blot, n. [Cf. Dan. blot bare, naked, Sw. blott, d. bloot, G. bloss, and perh. E. bloat.] 1. (Backgammon) (a) An exposure of a single man to be taken up. (b) A single man left on a point, exposed to be taken up. He is too great a master of his art to make a blot which may be so easily hit. Dryden. 2. A weak point; a failing; an exposed point or mark. Blotch (?), n. [Cf. OE. blacche in blacchepot blacking pot, akin to black, as bleach is akin to bleak. See Black, a., or cf. Blot a spot.] 1. A blot or spot, as of color or of ink; especially a large or irregular spot. Also Fig.; as, a moral blotch. Spots and blotches ... some red, others yellow. Harvey. 2. (Med.) A large pustule, or a coarse eruption. Foul scurf and blotches him defile. Thomson. Blotched (?), a. Marked or covered with blotches. To give their blotched and blistered bodies ease. Drayton. Blotch¶y (?), a. Having blotches. Blote (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bloting.] [Cf. Sw. bl”tÐfisk soaked fish, fr. bl”ta to soak. See 1st Bloat.] To cure, as herrings, by salting and smoking them; to bloat. [Obs.] Blot¶less (?), a. Without blot. Blot¶ter (?), n. 1. One who, or that which blots; esp. a device for absorbing superfluous ink.

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2. (Com.) A wastebook, in which entries of transactions are made as they take place. BlotÏtesque¶ (?), a. (Painting) Characterized by blots or heavy touches; coarsely depicted; wanting in delineation. Ruskin. Blot¶ting pa·per (?). A kind of thick, bibulous, unsized paper, used to absorb superfluous ink from freshly written manuscript, and thus prevent blots. Blouse (?), n. [F. blouse. Of unknown origin.] A light, loose overÏgarment, like a smock frock, worn especially by workingmen in France; also, a loose coat of any material, as the undress uniform coat of the United States army. Blow (?), v. i. [imp. Blew (?); p. p. Blown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blowing.] [OE. blowen, AS. bl?wan to blossom; akin to OS. bl?jan, D. bloeijen, OHG. pluojan, MHG. bl?ejen, G. blhen, L. florere to flourish, OIr. blath blossom. Cf. Blow to puff, Flourish.] To flower; to blossom; to bloom. How blows the citron grove. Milton. Blow, v. t. To cause to blossom; to put forth (blossoms or flowers). The odorous banks, that blow Flowers of more mingled hue. Milton. Blow, n. (Bot.) A blossom; a flower; also, a state of blossoming; a mass of blossoms. ½Such a blow of tulips.¸ Tatler. Blow, n. [OE. blaw, blowe; cf. OHG. bliuwan, pliuwan, to beat, G. bl„uen, Goth. bliggwan.] 1. A forcible stroke with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a rod, a club, an ax, or a sword. Well struck ! there was blow for blow. Shak. 2. A sudden or forcible act or effort; an assault. A vigorous blow might win [Hanno's camp]. T. Arnold. 3. The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity; something which produces mental, physical, or financial suffering or loss (esp. when sudden); a buffet. A most poor man, made tame to fortune's blows. Shak. At a blow, suddenly; at one effort; by a single vigorous act. ½They lose a province at a blow.¸ Dryden. Ð To come to blows, to engage in combat; to fight; Ð said of individuals, armies, and nations. Syn. Ð Stroke; knock; shock; misfortune. Blow, v. i. [imp. Blew (?); p. p. Blown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blowing.] [OE. blawen, blowen, AS. bl?wan to blow, as wind; akin to OHG. pl?jan, G. bl„hen, to blow up, swell, L. flare to blow, Gr. ? to spout out, and to E. bladder, blast, inflate, etc., and perh. blow to bloom.] 1. To produce a current of air; to move, as air, esp. to move rapidly or with power; as, the wind blows. Hark how it rains and blows ! Walton. 2. To send forth a forcible current of air, as from the mouth or from a pair of bellows. 3. To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff. Here is Mistress Page at the door, sweating and blowing. Shak. 4. To sound on being blown into, as a trumpet. There let the pealing organ blow. Milton. 5. To spout water, etc., from the blowholes, as a whale. 6. To be carried or moved by the wind; as, the dust blows in from the street. The grass blows from their graves to thy own. M. Arnold. 7. To talk loudly; to boast; to storm. [Colloq.] You blow behind my back, but dare not say anything to my face. Bartlett. To blow hot and cold (a saying derived from a fable of ?sop's), to favor a thing at one time and treat it coldly at another; or to appear both to favor and to oppose. Ð To blow off, to let steam escape through a passage provided for the purpose; as, the engine or steamer is blowing off. Ð To blow out. (a) To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas or vapor; as, a steam cock or valve sometimes blows out. (b) To talk violently or abusively. [Low] Ð To blow over, to pass away without effect; to cease, or be dissipated; as, the storm and the clouds have blown over. Ð To blow up, to be torn to pieces and thrown into the air as by an explosion of powder or gas or the expansive force of steam; to burst; to explode; as, a powder mill or steam boiler blows up. ½The enemy's magazines blew up.¸ Tatler. Blow, v. t. 1. To force a current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means; as, to blow the fire. 2. To drive by a current air; to impel; as, the tempest blew the ship ashore. Off at sea northeast winds blow Sabean odors from the spicy shore. Milton. 3. To cause air to pass through by the action of the mouth, or otherwise; to cause to sound, as a wind instrument; as, to blow a trumpet; to blow an organ. Hath she no husband That will take pains to blow a horn before her? Shak. Boy, blow the pipe until the bubble rise, Then cast it off to float upon the skies. Parnell. 4. To clear of contents by forcing air through; as, to blow an egg; to blow one's nose. 5. To burst, shatter, or destroy by an explosion; Ð usually with up, down, open, or similar adverb; as, to blow up a building. 6. To spread by report; to publish; to disclose. Through the court his courtesy was blown. Dryden. His language does his knowledge blow. Whiting. 7. To form by inflation; to swell by injecting air; as, to blow bubbles; to blow glass. 8. To inflate, as with pride; to puff up. Look how imagination blows him. Shak. 9. To put out of breath; to cause to blow from fatigue; as, to blow a horse. Sir W. Scott. 10. To deposit eggs or larv‘ upon, or in (meat, etc.). To suffer The flesh fly blow my mouth. Shak. To blow great guns, to blow furiously and with roaring blasts; Ð said of the wind at sea or along the coast. Ð To blow off, to empty (a boiler) of water through the blowÏoff pipe, while under steam pressure; also, to eject (steam, water, sediment, etc.) from a boiler. Ð To blow one's own trumpet, to vaunt one's own exploits, or sound one's own praises. Ð To blow out, to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle. Ð To blow up. (a) To fill with air; to swell; as, to blow up a bladder or bubble. (b) To inflate, as with pride, selfÏconceit, etc.; to puff up; as, to blow one up with flattery. ½Blown up with high conceits engendering pride.¸ Milton. (c) To excite; as, to blow up a contention.(d) To burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by an explosion; as, to blow up a fort. (e) To scold violently; as, to blow up a person for some offense. [Colloq.] I have blown him up well Ð nobody can say I wink at what he does. G. Eliot. Ð To blow upon. (a) To blast; to taint; to bring into discredit; to render stale, unsavory, or worthless. (b) To inform against. [Colloq.] How far the very custom of hearing anything spouted withers and blows upon a fine passage, may be seen in those speeches from [Shakespeare's] Henry V. which are current in the mouths of schoolboys. C. Lamb. A lady's maid whose character had been blown upon. Macaulay. Blow (?), n. 1. A blowing, esp., a violent blowing of the wind; a gale; as, a heavy blow came on, and the ship put back to port. 2. The act of forcing air from the mouth, or through or from some instrument; as, to give a hard blow on a whistle or horn; to give the fire a blow with the bellows. 3. The spouting of a whale. 4. (Metal.) A single heat or operation of the Bessemer converter. Raymond. 5. An egg, or a larva, deposited by a fly on or in flesh, or the act of depositing it. Chapman. Blow¶ball· (?), n. The downy seed head of a dandelion, which children delight to blow away. B. Jonson. Blow¶en (?), Blow¶ess (?), } n. A prostitute; a courtesan; a strumpet. [Low] Smart. Blow¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, blows. 2. (Mech.) A device for producing a current of air; as: (a) A metal plate temporarily placed before the upper part of a grate or open fire. (b) A machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a building or shaft, cleansing gram, etc. 3. A blowing out or excessive discharge of gas from a hole or fissure in a mine. 4. The whale; Ð so called by seamen, from the circumstance of its spouting up a column of water. 5. (Zo”l.) A small fish of the Atlantic coast (Tetrodon turgidus); the puffer. 6. A braggart, or loud talker. [Slang] Bartlett. Blow¶fly· (?), n. (Zo”l.) Any species of fly of the genus Musca that deposits its eggs or young larv‘ (called flyblows and maggots) upon meat or other animal products. Blow¶gun· (?), n. A tube, as of cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through which an arrow or other projectile may be impelled by the force of the breath. It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America and the West Indies; Ð called also blowpipe, and blowtube. See Sumpitan. Blow¶hole· (?), n. 1. A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air at its farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each surge and rise in a lofty jet from the extremity. 2. A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of a whale or other cetacean. µ There are two spiracles or blowholes in the common whales, but only one in sperm whales, porpoises, etc. 3. A hole in the ice to which whales, seals, etc., come to breathe. 4. (Founding) An air hole in a casting. Blown (?), p. p. & a. 1. Swollen; inflated; distended; puffed up, as cattle when gorged with green food which develops gas. 2. Stale; worthless. 3. Out of breath; tired; exhausted. ½Their horses much blown.¸ Sir W. Scott. 4. Covered with the eggs and larv‘ of flies; fly blown. Blown, p. p. & a. Opened; in blossom or having blossomed, as a flower. Shak. Blow¶Ðoff· (?), n. 1. A blowing off steam, water, etc. Ð Also, adj.; as, a blowÐoff cock or pipe. 2. An outburst of temper or excitement. [Colloq.] Blow¶Ðout· (?), n. The cleaning of the flues of a boiler from scale, etc., by a blast of steam. Blow¶pipe· (?), n. 1. A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some object. µ It is called a mouth blowpipe when used with the mouth; but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it is often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The common mouth blowpipe is a tapering tube with a very small orifice at the end to be inserted in the flame. The oxyhydrogen blowpipe, invented by Dr. Hare in 1801, is an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, taken from separate reservoirs, in the proportions of two volumes of hydrogen to one of oxygen, are burned in a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat that will consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances. 2. A blowgun; a blowtube. Blowpipe analysis (Chem.), analysis by means of the blowpipe. Ð Blowpipe reaction (Chem.), the characteristic behavior of a substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe. Blow¶point· (?), n. A child's game. [Obs.] Blowse , n. See Blowze. Blowth (?), n. [From Blow to blossom: cf. Growth.] A blossoming; a bloom. [Obs. or Archaic] ½In the blowth and bud.¸ Sir W. Raleigh. Blow¶tube· (?), n. 1. A blowgun. Tylor. 2. A similar instrument, commonly of tin, used by boys for discharging paper wads and other light missiles. 3. (Glassmaking) A long wrought iron tube, on the end of which the workman gathers a quantity of ½metal¸ (melted glass), and through which he blows to expand or shape it; Ð called also blowing tube, and blowpipe. Blow¶ valve· (?). (Mach.) See Snifting valve. Blow¶y (?), a. Windy; as, blowy weather; a blowy upland. Blowze (?), n. [Prob. from the same root as blush.] A ruddy, fatÏfaced woman; a wench. [Obs.] Shak. Blowzed (?), a. Having high color from exposure to the weather; ruddyÏfaced; blowzy; disordered. Huge women blowzed with health and wind. Tennyson. Blowz¶y (?), a. Coarse and ruddyÏfaced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy. Blub (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. Bleb, Blob.] To swell; to puff out, as with weeping. [Obs.] Blub¶ber (?), n. [See Blobber, Blob, Bleb.] 1. A bubble. At his mouth a blubber stood of foam. Henryson. 2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular flesh. 3. (Zo”l.) A large sea nettle or medusa. Blub¶ber, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blubbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blubbering.] To weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish manner. She wept, she blubbered, and she tore her hair. Swift. Blub¶ber, v. t. 1. To swell or disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears. Dear Cloe, how blubbered is that pretty face! Prior. 2. To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words or cries); Ð with forth or out. Blub¶bered (?), p. p. & a. Swollen; turgid; as, a blubbered lip. Spenser. Blub¶berÏing, n. The act of weeping noisily. He spake well save that his blubbering interrupted him. Winthrop. Blub¶berÏy (?), a. 1. Swollen; protuberant. 2. Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; as, a blubbery mass. Blu¶cher (?), n. A kind of half boot, named from the Prussian general Blcher. Thackeray. Bludg¶eon (?), n. [Cf. Ir. blocan a little block, Gael. plocan a mallet, W. plocyn, dim. of ploc block; or perh. connected with E. blow a stroke. Cf. Block, Blow a stroke.] A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the other, used as an offensive weapon. Blue (?), a. [Compar. Bluer (?); superl. Bluest.] [OE. bla, blo, blew, blue, Sw. bl?, D. blauw, OHG. bl?o, G. blau; but influenced in form by F. bleu, from OHG. bl¾o.] 1. Having the color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter or darker; as, the deep, blue sea; as blue as a sapphire; blue violets. ½The blue firmament.¸ Milton. 2. Pale, without redness or glare, Ð said of a flame; hence, of the color of burning brimstone, betokening the presence of ghosts or devils; as, the candle burns blue; the air was blue with oaths. 3. Low in spirits; melancholy; as, to feel blue. 4. Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in prospect; as, thongs looked blue. [Colloq.] 5. Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; as, blue and sour religionists; suiting one who is over strict in morals; inculcating an impracticable, severe, or gloomy mortality; as, blue laws. 6. Literary; Ð applied to women; Ð an abbreviation of bluestocking. [Colloq.] The ladies were very blue and well informed. Thackeray. Blue asbestus. See Crocidolite. Ð Blue black, of, or having, a very dark blue color, almost black. Ð Blue blood. See under Blood. Ð Blue buck (Zo”l.), a small South African antelope (Cephalophus pygm‘us); also applied to a larger species (?goceras leucoph‘us); the blaubok. Ð Blue cod (Zo”l.), the buffalo cod. Ð Blue crab (Zo”l.), the common edible crab of the Atlantic coast of the United States (Callinectes hastatus). Ð Blue curls (Bot.), a common plant (Trichostema dichotomum), resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also bastard pennyroyal. Ð Blue devils, apparitions supposed to be seen by persons suffering with delirium tremens; hence, very low spirits. ½Can Gumbo shut the hall door upon blue devils, or lay them all in a red sea of claret?¸ Thackeray. Ð Blue gage. See under Gage, a plum. Ð Blue gum, an Australian myrtaceous tree (Eucalyptus globulus), of the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine. The timber is very useful. See Eucalyptus. Ð Blue jack, Blue stone, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. Ð Blue jacket, a manÏof war's man; a sailor wearing a naval uniform. Ð Blue jaundice. See under Jaundice. Ð Blue laws, a name first used in the eighteenth century to describe certain supposititious laws of extreme rigor reported to have been enacted in New Haven; hence, any puritanical laws. [U. S.] Ð Blue light, a composition which burns with a brilliant blue flame; Ð used in pyrotechnics and as a night signal at sea, and in military operations. Ð Blue mantle (Her.), one of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms; Ð so called from the color of his official robes. Ð Blue mass, a preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue pill. McElrath. Ð Blue mold, or mould, the blue fungus (Aspergillus glaucus) which grows on cheese. Brande & C. Ð Blue Monday, a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or itself given to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent). Ð Blue ointment (Med.), mercurial ointment. Ð Blue Peter (British Marine), a blue flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is a corruption of blue repeater, one of the British signal flags. Ð Blue pill. (Med.) (a) A pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc. (b) Blue mass. Ð Blue ribbon. (a) The ribbon worn by

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members of the order of the Garter; Ð hence, a member of that order. (b) Anything the attainment of which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a prize. ½These [scholarships] were the blue ribbon of the college.¸ Farrar. (c) The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total abstinence organizations, as of the Blue ribbon Army. Ð Blue ruin, utter ruin; also, gin. [Eng. Slang] Carlyle. Ð Blue spar (Min.), azure spar; lazulite. See Lazulite. Ð Blue thrush (Zo”l.), a European and Asiatic thrush (Petrocossyphus cyaneas). Ð Blue verditer. See Verditer. Ð Blue vitriol (Chem.), sulphate of copper, a violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico printing, etc. Ð Blue water, the open ocean. Ð To look blue, to look disheartened or dejected. Ð True blue, genuine and thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by the Covenanters. For his religion... 'T was Presbyterian, true blue. Hudibras. Blue (?), n. 1. One of the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky, or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky. 2. A pedantic woman; a bluestocking. [Colloq.] 3. pl. [Short for blue devils.] Low spirits; a fit of despondency; melancholy. [Colloq.] Berlin blue, Prussian blue. Ð Mineral blue. See under Mineral. Ð Prussian blue. See under Prussian. Blue, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bluing.] To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc. Blue¶back· (?), n. (Zo”l.) (a) A trout (Salmo oquassa) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine. (b) A salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of the Columbia River and northward. (c) An American river herring (Clupea ‘stivalis), closely allied to the alewife. Blue¶beard (?), n. The hero of a medi‘val French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. Ð Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to investigate. The Bluebeard chamber of his mind, into which no eye but his own must look. Carlyle. Blue¶bell· (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Campanula, especially the Campanula rotundifolia, which bears blue bellÏshaped flowers; the harebell. (b) A plant of the genus Scilla (Scilla nutans). Blue¶berry (?), n. [Cf. Blaeberry.] (Bot.) The berry of several species of Vaccinium, and ericaceous genus, differing from the American huckleberries in containing numerous minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species are V. Pennsylvanicum and V. vacillans. V. corymbosum is the tall blueberry. Blue¶bill· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A duck of the genus Fuligula. Two American species (F. marila and F. affinis) are common. See Scaup duck. Blue¶bird· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small song bird (Sialia sialis), very common in the United States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue, with the breast reddish. It is related to the European robin. Pairy bluebird (Zo”l.), a brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus Irena, of several species. Blue¶ bon·net or Blue¶Ïbon·net (?), n. 1. A broad, flat Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one waring such cap; a Scotchman. 2. (Bot.) A plant. Same as Bluebottle. 3. (Zo”l.) The European blue titmouse (Parus c?ruleus); the bluecap. Blue¶ book· (?). 1. A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper covers. [Eng.] 2. The United States official ½Biennial Register.¸ Blue¶bot·tle (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A plant (Centaurea cyanus) which grows in grain fields. It receives its name from its blue bottleÐshaped flowers. 2. (Zo”l.) A large and troublesome species of blowfly (Musca vomitoria). Its body is steel blue. Blue¶breast· (?), n. (Zo”l.) (a) A small European bird; the blueÐthroated warbler. Blue¶cap· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) (a) The bluepoll. (b) The blue bonnet or blue titmouse. 2. A Scot; a Scotchman; Ð so named from wearing a blue bonnet. [Poetic] Shak. Blue¶coat· (?), n. One dressed in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc. Blue¶Ðeye· (?), a. Having blue eyes. BlueÐeyed grass (Bot.), a grasslike plant (Sisyrinchium anceps), with small flowers of a delicate blue color. Blue¶fin· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A species of whitefish (Coregonus nigripinnis) found in Lake Michigan. Blue¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) 1. A large voracious fish (Pomatomus saitatrix), of the family Carangid‘, valued as a food fish, and widely distributed on the American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode Island coast it is called the horse mackerel, in Virginia saltwater tailor, or skipjack. 2. A West Indian fish (Platyglossus radiatus), of the family Labrid‘. µ The name is applied locally to other species of fishes; as the cunner, sea bass, squeteague, etc. Blue¶gown· (?), n. One of a class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars, in Scotland, to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed certain alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman. Blue¶ grass· (?). (Bot.) A species of grass (Poa compressa) with bluish green stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass. Kentucky blue grass, a species of grass (Poa pratensis) which has running rootstocks and spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very nutritious. Blue¶ jay· (?). (Zo”l.) The common jay of the United States (Cyanocitta, or Cyanura, cristata). The predominant color is bright blue. Blue¶Ðjohn· (?), n. A name given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for ornamental purposes. Blue¶ly, adv. With a blue color. Swift. Blue¶ness, n. The quality of being blue; a blue color. Boyle. Blue¶nose (?), n. A nickname for a Nova Scotian. Blue¶poll· (?), n. [Blue + poll head.] (Zo”l.) A kind of salmon (Salmo Cambricus) found in Wales. Blue¶print. See under Print. Blue¶stock·ing (?), n. 1. A literary lady; a female pedant. [Colloq.] µ As explained in Boswell's ½Life of Dr. Johnson¸, this term is derived from the name given to certain meetings held by ladies, in Johnson's time, for conversation with distinguished literary men. An eminent attendant of these assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who always wore blue stockings. He was so much distinguished for his conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be a great loss, so that the remark became common, ½We can do nothing without the blue stockings.¸ Hence these meetings were sportively called bluestocking clubs, and the ladies who attended them, bluestockings. 2. (Zo”l.) The American avocet (Recurvirostra Americana). Blue¶stock·ingÏism (?), n. The character or manner of a bluestocking; female pedantry. [Colloq.] Blue¶stone· (?), n. 1. Blue vitriol. Dunglison. 2. A grayish blue building stone, as that commonly used in the eastern United States. Blue¶throat· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A singing bird of northern Europe and Asia (Cyanecula Suecica), related to the nightingales; Ð called also blueÐthroated robin and blueÐthroated warbler. Blu¶ets (?), n. [F. bluet, bleuet, dim. of bleu blue. See Blue, a.] (Bot.) A name given to several different species of plants having blue flowers, as the Houstonia c?rulea, the Centaurea cyanus or bluebottle, and the Vaccinium angustifolium. Blue¶Ðveined· (?), a. Having blue veins or blue streaks. Blue¶wing· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The blueÐwinged teal. See Teal. Blue¶y (?), a. Bluish. Southey. Bluff (?), a. [Cf. OD. blaf flat, broad, blaffaert one with a broad face, also, a boaster; or G. verblffen to confuse, LG. bluffen to frighten; to unknown origin.] 1. Having a broad, flattened front; as, the bluff bows of a ship. ½Bluff visages.¸ Irving. 2. Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front. ½A bluff or bold shore.¸ Falconer. Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect. Judd. 3. Surly; churlish; gruff; rough. 4. Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque; as, a bluff answer; a bluff manner of talking; a bluff sea captain. ½Bluff King Hal.¸ Sir W. Scott. There is indeed a bluff pertinacity which is a proper defense in a moment of surprise. I. Taylor. Bluff, n. 1. A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face. Beach, bluff, and wave, adieu. Whittier. 2. An act of bluffing; an expression of selfÐconfidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio; as, that is only bluff, or a bluff. 3. A game at cards; poker. [U.S.] Bartlett. Bluff, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bluffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bluffing.] 1. (Poker) To deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less value. [U. S.] 2. To frighten or deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show of confidence in one's strength or resources; as, he bluffed me off. [Colloq.] Bluff, v. i. To act as in the game of bluff. Bluff¶Ðbowed· (?), a. (Naut.) Built with the stem nearly straight up and down. Bluff¶ness, n. The quality or state of being bluff. Bluff¶y (?), a. 1. Having bluffs, or bold, steep banks. 2. Inclined to bo bluff; brusque. Blu¶ing (?), n. 1. The act of rendering blue; as, the bluing of steel. Tomlinson. 2. Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo, or preparations used by washerwomen. Blu¶ish (?), a. Somewhat blue; as, bluish veins. ½Bluish mists.¸ Dryden. Ð Blu¶ishÏly, adv. Ð Blu¶ishÏness, n. Blun¶der (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blundering.] [OE. blunderen, blondren, to stir, confuse, blunder; perh. allied to blend to mix, to confound by mixture.] 1. To make a gross error or mistake; as, to blunder in writing or preparing a medical prescription. Swift. 2. To move in an awkward, clumsy manner; to flounder and stumble. I was never distinguished for address, and have often even blundered in making my bow. Goldsmith. Yet knows not how to find the uncertain place, And blunders on, and staggers every pace. Dryden. To blunder on. (a) To continue blundering. (b) To find or reach as if by an accident involving more or less stupidity, Ð applied to something desirable; as, to blunder on a useful discovery. Blun¶der, v. t. 1. To cause to blunder. [Obs.] ½To blunder an adversary.¸ Ditton. 2. To do or treat in a blundering manner; to confuse. He blunders and confounds all these together. Stillingfleet. Blun¶der, n. 1. Confusion; disturbance. [Obs.] 2. A gross error or mistake, resulting from carelessness, stupidity, or culpable ignorance. Syn. Ð Blunder, Error, Mistake, Bull. An error is a departure or deviation from that which is right or correct; as, an error of the press; an error of judgment. A mistake is the interchange or taking of one thing for another, through haste, inadvertence, etc.; as, a careless mistake. A blunder is a mistake or error of a gross kind. It supposes a person to flounder on in his course, from carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. A bull is a verbal blunder containing a laughable incongruity of ideas. Blun¶derÏbuss (?), n. [Either fr. blunder + D. bus tube, box, akin to G. bchse box, gun, E. box; or corrupted fr. D. donderbus (literally) thunder box, gun, musket.] 1. A short gun or firearm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim. 2. A stupid, blundering fellow. Blun¶derÏer (?), n. One who is apt to blunder. Blun¶derÏhead· (?), n. [Blunder + head.] A stupid, blundering fellow. Blun¶derÏing, a. Characterized by blunders. Blun¶derÏingÏly, adv. In a blundering manner. Blunge (?), v. t. To amalgamate and blend; to beat up or mix in water, as clay. Blun¶ger (?), n. [Corrupted from plunger.] A wooden blade with a cross handle, used for mi?ing the clay in potteries; a plunger. Tomlinson. Blun¶ging (?), n. The process of mixing clay in potteries with a blunger. Tomlinson. Blunt (?), a. [Cf. Prov. G. bludde a dull or blunt knife, Dan. blunde to sleep, Sw. & Icel. blunda; or perh. akin to E. blind.] 1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp. The murderous knife was dull and blunt. Shak. 2. Dull in understanding; slow of discernment; stupid; Ð opposed to acute. His wits are not so blunt. Shak. 3. Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech. ½Hiding his bitter jests in blunt behavior.¸ ½A plain, blunt man.¸ Shak. 4. Hard to impress or penetrate. [R.] I find my heart hardened and blunt to new impressions. Pope. µ Blunt is much used in composition, as bluntÏedged, bluntÏsighted, bluntÏspoken. Syn. Ð Obtuse; dull; pointless; curt; short; coarse; rude; brusque; impolite; uncivil. Blunt, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blunting.] 1. To dull the edge or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt. Shak. 2. To repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire, or power of the mind; to impair the force, keenness, or susceptibility, of; as, to blunt the feelings. Blunt, n. 1. A fencer's foil. [Obs.] 2. A short needle with a strong point. See Needle. 3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield. Blunt¶ish, a. Somewhat blunt. Ð Blunt¶ishÏness, n. Blunt¶ly, adv. In a blunt manner; coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility. Sometimes after bluntly giving his opinions, he would quietly lay himself asleep until the end of their deliberations. Jeffrey. Blunt¶ness, n. 1. Want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness. The multitude of elements and bluntness of angles. Holland. 2. A bruptness of address; rude plainness. ½Bluntness of speech.¸ Boyle. Blunt¶Ðwit·ted (?), n. Dull; stupid. BluntÐwitted lord, ignoble in demeanor! Shak. Blur (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blurring.] [Prob. of same origin as blear. See Blear.] 1. To render obscure by making the form or outline of confused and uncertain, as by soiling; to smear; to make indistinct and confused; as, to blur manuscript by handling it while damp; to blur the impression of a woodcut by an excess of ink. But time hath nothing blurred those lines of favor Which then he wore. Shak. 2. To cause imperfection of vision in; to dim; to darken. Her eyes are blurred with the lightning's glare. J. R. Drake. 3. To sully; to stain; to blemish, as reputation. Sarcasms may eclipse thine own, But can not blur my lost renown. Hudibras. Syn. Ð To spot; blot; disfigure; stain; sully.

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Blur (?), n. 1. That which obscures without effacing; a stain; a blot, as upon paper or other substance. As for those who cleanse blurs with blotted fingers, they make it worse. Fuller. 2. A dim, confused appearance; indistinctness of vision; as, to see things with a blur; it was all blur. 3. A moral stain or blot. Lest she ... will with her railing set a great blur on mine honesty and good name. Udall. Blur¶ry (?), a. Full of blurs; blurred. Blurt (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blurted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blurting.] [Cf. Blare.] To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to divulge inconsiderately; to ejaculate; Ð commonly with out. Others ... can not hold, but blurt out, those words which afterward they forced to eat. Hakewill. To blurt at, to speak contemptuously of. [Obs.] Shak. Blush (?) v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blushing.] [OE. bluschen to shine, look, turn red, AS. blyscan to glow; akin to blysa a torch, ¾bl?sian to blush, D. blozen, Dan. blusse to blaze, blush.] 1. To become suffused with red in the cheeks, as from a sense of shame, modesty, or confusion; to become red from such cause, as the cheeks or face. To the nuptial bower I led her blushing like the morn. Milton. In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young offender is ashamed to blush. Buckminster. He would stroke The head of modest and ingenuous worth, That blushed at its own praise. Cowper. 2. To grow red; to have a red or rosy color. The sun of heaven, methought, was loth to set, But stayed, and made the western welkin blush. Shak. 3. To have a warm and delicate color, as some roses and other flowers. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. T. Gray. Blush, v. t. 1. To suffuse with a blush; to redden; to make roseate. [Obs.] To blush and beautify the cheek again. Shak. 2. To express or make known by blushing. I'll blush you thanks. Shak. Blush, n. 1. A suffusion of the cheeks or face with red, as from a sense of shame, confusion, or modesty. The rosy blush of love. Trumbull. 2. A red or reddish color; a rosy tint. Light's last blushes tinged the distant hills. Lyttleton. At first blush, or At the first blush, at the first appearance or view. ½At the first blush, we thought they had been ships come from France.¸ Hakluyt. This phrase is used now more of ideas, opinions, etc., than of material things. ½All purely identical propositions, obviously, and at first blush, appear.¸ etc. Locke. Ð To put to the blush, to cause to blush with shame; to put to shame. Blush¶er (?), n. One that blushes. Blush¶et (?), n. A modest girl. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Blush¶ful (?), a. Full of blushes. While from his ardent look the turning Spring Averts her blushful face. Thomson. Blush¶ing, a. Showing blushes; rosy red; having a warm and delicate color like some roses and other flowers; blooming; ruddy; roseate. The dappled pink and blushing rose. Prior. Blush¶ing, n. The act of turning red; the appearance of a reddish color or flush upon the cheeks. Blush¶ingÏly, adv. In a blushing manner; with a blush or blushes; as, to answer or confess blushingly. Blush¶less, a. Free from blushes; incapable of blushing; shameless; impudent. Vice now, secure, her blushless front shall raise. Dodsley. Blush¶y (?), a. Like a blush; having the color of a blush; rosy. [R.] ½A blushy color.¸ Harvey. Blus¶ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blustered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blustering.] [Allied to blast.] 1. To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as wind; to be windy and boisterous, as the weather. And everÏthreatening storms Of Chaos blustering round. Milton. 2. To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a turbulent or boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way; to play the bully; to storm; to rage. Your ministerial directors blustered like tragic tyrants. Burke. Blus¶ter, v. t. To utter, or do, with noisy violence; to force by blustering; to bully. He bloweth and blustereth out ... his abominable blasphemy. Sir T. More. As if therewith he meant to bluster all princes into a perfect obedience to his commands. Fuller. Blus¶ter, n. 1. Fitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness. To the winds they set Their corners, when with bluster to confound Sea, air, and shore. Milton. 2. Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and boastful language. L'Estrange. Syn. Ð Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence; confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying. Blus¶terÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, blusters; a noisy swaggerer. Blus¶terÏing, a. 1. Exhibiting noisy violence, as the wind; stormy; tumultuous. A tempest and a blustering day. Shak. 2. Uttering noisy threats; noisy and swaggering; boisterous. ½A blustering fellow.¸ L'Estrange. Blus¶terÏingÏly, adv. In a blustering manner. Blus¶terÏous (?), a. Inclined to bluster; given to blustering; blustering. Motley. Blus¶trous (?), a. Blusterous. Shak. Bo (?), interj. [Cf. W. bw, an interj. of threatening or frightening; n., terror, fear, dread.] An exclamation used to startle or frighten. [Spelt also boh and boo.] Bo¶a (?), n.; pl. Boas. [L. boa a kind of water serpent. Perh. fr. bos an ox.] 1. (Zo”l.) A genus of large American serpents, including the boa constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (B. imperator), and the chevalier boa of Peru (B. eques). µ The name is also applied to related genera; as, the dogÐheaded boa (Xiphosoma caninum). 2. A long, round fur tippet; Ð so called from its resemblance in shape to the boa constrictor. Bo¶a conÏstrict¶or (?). [NL. See Boa, and Constrictor.] (Zo”l.) A large and powerful serpent of tropical America, sometimes twenty or thirty feet long. See Illustration in Appendix. µ It has a succession of spots, alternately black and yellow, extending along the back. It kills its prey by constriction. The name is also loosely applied to other large serpents which crush their prey, particularly to those of the genus Python, found in Asia and Africa. Ø Bo·aÏner¶ges (?). [Gr. ?, fr. Heb. bn? hargem sons of thunder. Ð an appellation given by Christ to two of his disciples (James and John). See Mark iii. 17.] Any declamatory and vociferous preacher or orator. Boar (?), n. [OE. bar, bor, bore, AS. b¾r; akin to OHG. p?r, MHG. b?r, G. b„r, boar (but not b„r bear), and perh. Russ. borov' boar.] (Zo”l.) The uncastrated male of swine; specifically, the wild hog. Board (?), n. [OE. bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to bred plank, Icel. bor? board, side of a ship, Goth. f?tuÐbaurd footstool, D. bord board, G. brett, bort. See def. 8. ?92.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, Ð used for building, etc. µ When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a plank. 2. A table to put food upon. µ The term board answers to the modern table, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles. Halliwell. Fruit of all kinds ... She gathers, tribute large, and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand. Milton. 3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; Ð usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's board; the price of board. 4. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc. Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that board. Clarendon. We may judge from their letters to the board. Porteus. 5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board. 6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards. 7. pl. The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical profession. 8. [In this use originally perh. a different word meaning border, margin; cf. D. boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G. borte trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. Border.] The border or side of anything. (Naut.) (a) The side of a ship. ½Now board to board the rival vessels row.¸ Dryden. See On board, below. (b) The stretch which a ship makes in one tack. µ Board is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir board, clapboard, floor board, shipboard, sideboard, ironing board, chessboard, cardboard, pasteboard, seaboard; board measure. The American Board, a shortened form of ½The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions¸ (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches). Ð Bed and board. See under Bed. Ð Board and board (Naut.), side by side. Ð Board of control, six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies. Stormonth. Ð Board rule, a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board. Haldeman. Ð Board of trade, in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce. Ð Board wages. (a) Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only board wages. (b) Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c) A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging. Dryden. Ð By the board, over the board, or side. ½The mast went by the board.¸ Totten. Hence (Fig.), To go by the board, to suffer complete destruction or overthrow. Ð To enter on the boards, to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge, England.] ½Having been entered on the boards of Trinity college.¸ Hallam. Ð To make a good board (Naut.), to sail in a straight line when closeÐhauled; to lose little to leeward. Ð To make short boards, to tack frequently. Ð On board. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came on board early; to be on board ship. (b) In or into a railway car or train. [Colloq. U. S.] Ð Returning board, a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election. [U.S.] Board, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boarding.] 1. To cover with boards or boarding; as, to board a house. ½The boarded hovel.¸ Cowper. 2. [Cf. Board to accost, and see Board, n.] To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way. You board an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or make a communication. Totten. 3. To enter, as a railway car. [Colloq. U. S.] 4. To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals. 5. To place at board, for compensation; as, to board one's horse at a livery stable. Board (?), v. i. To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; as, he boards at the hotel. We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who board in the same house. Spectator. Board, v. t. [F. aborder. See Abord, v. t.] To approach; to accost; to address; hence, to woo. [Obs.] I will board her, though she chide as loud As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack. Shak. Board¶aÏble (?), a. That can be boarded, as a ship. Board¶er (?), n. 1. One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any kind. 2. (Naut.) One who boards a ship; one selected to board an enemy's ship. Totten. Board¶ing, n. 1. (Naut.) The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a friendly purpose. Both slain at one time, as they attempted the boarding of a frigate. Sir F. Drake. 2. The act of covering with boards; also, boards, collectively; or a covering made of boards. 3. The act of supplying, or the state of being supplied, with regular or specified meals, or with meals and lodgings, for pay. Boarding house, a house in which boarders are kept. Ð Boarding nettings (Naut.), a strong network of cords or ropes erected at the side of a ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it. Ð Boarding pike (Naut.), a pike used by sailors in boarding a vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it. Totten. Ð Boarding school, a school in which pupils receive board and lodging as well as instruction. Boar¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) (a) A Mediterranean fish (Capros aper), of the family Caproid‘; Ð so called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's snout. (b) An Australian percoid fish (Histiopterus recurvirostris), valued as a food fish. Boar¶ish, a. Swinish; brutal; cruel. In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs. Shak. Boast (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boasting.] [OE. bosten, boosten, v., bost, boost, n., noise, boasting; cf. G. bausen, bauschen, to swell, pusten, Dan. puste, Sw. pusta, to blow, Sw. p”sa to swell; or W. bostio to boast, bost boast, Gael. bosd. But these last may be from English.] 1. To vaunt one's self; to brag; to say or tell things which are intended to give others a high opinion of one's self or of things belonging to one's self; as, to boast of one's exploits courage, descent, wealth. ? grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of your selves: .. not of works, lest any man should boast. Eph. ii. 8, 9. 2. To speak in exulting language of another; to glory; to exult. In God we boast all the day long. Ps. xiiv. 8 Syn. Ð To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big. Boast, v. t. 1. To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation, with a view to selfÐcommendation; to extol. Lest bad men should boast Their specious deeds. Milton. 2. To display vaingloriously. 3. To possess or have; as, to boast a name. To boast one's self, to speak with unbecoming confidence in, and approval of, one's self; Ð followed by of and the thing to which the boasting relates. [Archaic] Boast not thyself of toÏmorrow. Prov. xxvii.? Boast, v. t. [Of uncertain etymology.] 1. (Masonry) To dress, as a stone, with a broad chisel. Weale. 2. (Sculp.) To shape roughly as a preparation for the finer work to follow; to cut to the general form required. Boast, n. 1. Act of boasting; vaunting or bragging. Reason and morals? and where live they most, In Christian comfort, or in Stoic boast! Byron. 2. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or exultation, Ð sometimes of laudable pride or exultation. The boast of historians. Macaulay. Boast¶ance (?), n. Boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Boast¶er (?), n. One who boasts; a braggart. Boast¶er, n. A stone mason's broadÐfaced chisel. Boast¶ful (?), a. Given to, or full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting; vainglorious; selfÐpraising. Ð Boast¶fulÏly, adv. Ð Boast¶fulÏness, n. Boast¶ing, n. The act of glorying or vaunting; vainglorious speaking; ostentatious display. When boasting ends, then dignity begins. Young. Boast¶ingÏly, adv. Boastfully; with boasting. ½He boastingly tells you.¸ Burke. Boast¶ive (?), a. Presumptuous. [R.] Boast¶less, a. Without boasting or ostentation. Boat (?), n. [OE. boot, bat, AS. b¾t; akin to Icel. b¾tr, Sw. b†t, Dan. baad, D.& G. boot. Cf. Bateau.] 1. A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by cars or paddles, but often by a sail. µ Different kinds of boats have different names; as, canoe, yawl, wherry, pinnace, punt, etc. 2. Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet descriptive of its use or mode of propulsion; as, pilot boat, packet boat, passage boat, advice boat, etc. The term is sometimes applied to steam vessels, even of the largest class; as, the Cunard boats. 3. A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling a boat in shape; as, a stone boat; a gravy boat.

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µ Boat is much used either adjectively or in combination; as, boat builder or boatbuilder; boat building or boatbuilding; boat hook or boathook; boathouse; boat keeper or boatkeeper; boat load; boat race; boat racing; boat rowing; boat song; boatlike; boatÐshaped. Advice boat. See under Advice. Ð Boat hook (Naut.), an iron hook with a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a boat, raft, log, etc. Totten. Ð Boat rope, a rope for fastening a boat; Ð usually called a painter. Ð In same boat, in the same situation or predicament. [Colloq.] F. W. Newman. Boat (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boated; p. pr. & vb. n. Boating.] 1. To transport in a boat; as, to boat goods. 2. To place in a boat; as, to boat oars. To boat the oars. See under Oar. Boat, v. i. To go or row in a boat. I boated over, ran my craft aground. Tennyson. Boat¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Such as can be transported in a boat. 2. Navigable for boats, or small river craft. The boatable waters of the Alleghany. J. Morse. Boat¶age (?), n. Conveyance by boat; also, a charge for such conveyance. Boat¶bill· (?), n. (Zo”l.) 1. A wading bird (Cancroma cochlearia) of the tropical parts of South America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel uppermost. 2. A perching bird of India, of the genus Eurylaimus. Boat¶ bug· (?). (Zo”l.) An aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus Notonecta; Ð so called from swimming on its back, which gives it the appearance of a little boat. Called also boat fly, boat insect, boatman, and water boatman. Boat¶ful (?), n.; pl. Boatfuls. The quantity or amount that fills a boat. Boat¶house· (?), n. A house for sheltering boats. Half the latticed boathouse hides. Wordsworth. Boat¶ing, n. 1. The act or practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement; carriage in boats. 2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by laying them on the back in a covered boat, where they are left to perish. BoÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. boatus, fr. boare to roar.] A crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation. [Obs.] The guns were heard ... about a hundred Italian miles, in long boations. Derham. Boat¶man (?), n.; pl. Boatmen (?). 1. A man who manages a boat; a rower of a boat. As late the boatman hies him home. Percival. 2. (Zo”l.) A boat bug. See Boat bug. Boat¶manÏship, n. The art of managing a boat. Boat¶Ðshaped· (?), a. (Bot.) See Cymbiform. Boat¶ shell· (?). (Zo”l.) (a) A marine gastropod of the genus Crepidula. The species are numerous. It is so named from its form and interior deck. (b) A marine univalve shell of the genus Cymba. Boats¶man (?), n. A boatman. [Archaic] Boat¶swain (?), n. [Boat + swain.] 1. (Naut.) An officer who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a ship, and who also summons the crew, and performs other duties. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) The jager gull. (b) The tropic bird. Boatswain's mate, an assistant of the boatswain. Totten. Boat¶Ðtail· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A large grackle or blackbird (Quiscalus major), found in the Southern United States. Boat¶wom·an (?), n.; pl. Boatwomen (?). A woman who manages a boat. Bob (?), n. [An onomatopoetic word, expressing quick, jerky motion; OE. bob bunch, bobben to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng. bob, n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick, taunt, scoff; as, a v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF. bober to mock.] 1. Anything that hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at the end of a string; a pendant; as, the bob at the end of a kite's tail. In jewels dressed and at each ear a bob. Dryden. 2. A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for bait. Or yellow bobs, turned up before the plow, Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow. Lauson. 3. A small piece of cork or light wood attached to a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float. 4. The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the ball or weight at the end of a plumb line. 5. A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded edges, used in polishing spoons, etc. 6. A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; as, a bob of the head. 7. (Steam Engine) A working beam. 8. A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob wig. A plain brown bob he wore. Shenstone. 9. A peculiar mode of ringing changes on bells. 10. The refrain of a song. To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the song. L'Estrange. 11. A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the fist. 12. A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a trick. He that a fool doth very wisely hit, Doth very foolishly, although he smart, Not to seem senseless of the bob. Shak. 13. A shilling. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens. Bob (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bobbing.] [OE. bobben. See Bob, n.] 1. To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to move (a thing) with a bob. ½He bobbed his head.¸ W. Irving. 2. To strike with a quick, light blow; to tap. If any man happened by long sitting to sleep... he was suddenly bobbed on the face by the servants. Elyot. 3. To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to filch. Gold and jewels that I bobbed from him. Shak. 4. To mock or delude; to cheat. To play her pranks, and bob the fool, The shrewish wife began. Turbervile. 5. To cut short; as, to bob the hair, or a horse's tail. Bob, v. i. 1. To have a short, jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play loosely against anything. ½Bobbing and courtesying.¸ Thackeray. 2. To angle with a bob. See Bob, n., 2 & 3. He ne'er had learned the art to bob For anything but eels. Saxe. To bob at an apple, cherry, etc. to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a string or floating in a tug of water. Ø Bo¶bac (?), n. (Zo”l.) The Poland marmot (Arctomys bobac). BoÏbance¶ (?), n. [OF. bobance, F. bombance, boasting, pageantry, fr. L. bombus a humming, buzzing.] A boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bob¶ber (?), n. One who, or that which, bobs. Bob¶berÏy (?), n. [Prob. an AngloÐIndian form of Hindi b¾p re O thou father! (a very disrespectful address).] A squabble; a tumult; a noisy disturbance; as, to raise a bobbery. [Low] Halliwell. Bob¶bin (?), n. [F. bobine; of uncertain origin; cf. L. bombus a humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael. baban tassel, or E. bob.] 1. A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight tension. 2. A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc. 3. The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch. 4. (Haberdashery) A fine cord or narrow braid. 5. (Elec.) A cylindrical or spoolÐshaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current. Bobbin and fly frame, a roving machine. Ð Bobbin lace, lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace. Bob·biÏnet¶ (?), n. [Bobbin + net.] A kind of cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by hand. [Sometimes written bobbin net.] The English machineÐmade net is now confined to point net, warp net, and bobbin net, so called from the peculiar construction of the machines by which they are produced. Tomlinsom. Bob¶binÏwork· (?), n. Work woven with bobbins. Bob¶bish (?), a. Hearty; in good spirits. [Low, Eng.] Dickens. Bob¶by (?), n. A nickname for a policeman; Ð from Sir Robert Peel, who remodeled the police force. See Peeler. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens. Bob¶Ðcher·ry (?), n. A play among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob against the mouth, is to be caught with the teeth. Bob¶fly· (?), n. (Fishing) The fly at the end of the leader; an end fly. Bob¶oÏlink· (?), n. (Zo”l.) An American singing bird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male is black and white; the female is brown; Ð called also, ricebird, reedbird, and Boblincoln. The happiest bird of our spring is the bobolink. W. Irving. Bob¶sled· (?), Bob¶sleigh· (?), n. A short sled, mostly used as one of a pair connected by a reach or coupling; also, the compound sled so formed. [U. S.] The long wagon body set on bobsleds. W. D. Howells. Bob¶stay· (?), n. [Bob + stay.] (Naut.) A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward to the stem or cutwater; Ð usually in the pl. Bob¶tail· (?), n. [Bob + tail.] An animal (as a horse or dog) with a short tail. Rag, tag, and bobtail, the rabble. Bob¶tail·, a. Bobtailed. ½Bobtail cur.¸ Marryat. Bob¶tailed· (?), a. Having the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; as, a bobtailed horse or dog; a bobtailed coat. Bob¶white· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The common qua? of North America (Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus); Ð so called from its note. Bob¶ wig· (?). A short wig with bobs or short curls; Ð called also bobtail wig. Spectator. Bo¶cal (?), n. [F.] A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short neck. BoÏcar¶do (?), n. [A mnemonic word.] 1. (Logic) A form of syllogism of which the first and third propositions are particular negatives, and the middle term a universal affirmative. Baroko and Bocardo have been stumbling blocks to the logicians. Bowen. 2. A prison; Ð originally the name of the old north gate in Oxford, which was used as a prison. [Eng.] Latimer. Boc¶aÏsine (?), n. [F. bocassin, boucassin.] A sort of fine buckram. Ø Boc¶ca (?), n. [It., mouth.] The round hole in the furnace of a glass manufactory through which the fused glass is taken out. Craig. Boce (?), n. [L. box, bocis, Gr. ?, ?.] (Zo”l.) A European fish (Box vulgaris), having a compressed body and bright colors; Ð called also box, and bogue. Bock¶ beer· (?). [G. bockbier; bock a buck + bier beer; Ð said to be so named from its tendency to cause the drinker to caper like a goat.] A strong beer, originally made in Bavaria. [Also written buck beer.] Bock¶eÏlet (?), n. (Zo”l.) A kind of longÏwinged hawk; Ð called also bockerel, and bockeret. [Obs.] Bock¶ey (?), n. [D. bokaal.] A bowl or vessel made from a gourd. [Local, New York] Bartlett. Bock¶ing, n. A coarse woolen fabric, used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; Ð so called from the town of Bocking, in England, where it was first made. Bock¶land (?), n. See Bookland. Bod¶dice (?), n. See Bodick. Bode (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boding.] [OE. bodien, AS. bodian to announce, tell from bod command; akin to Icel. bo?a to announce, Sw. b†da to announce, portend. ?89. See Bid.] To indicate by signs, as future events; to be the omen of; to portend to presage; to foreshow. A raven that bodes nothing but mischief. Goldsmith. Good onset bodes good end. Spenser. Bode, v. i. To foreshow something; to augur. Whatever now The omen proved, it boded well to you. Dryden. Syn. Ð To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken. Bode, n. 1. An omen; a foreshadowing. [Obs.] The owl eke, that of death the bode bringeth. Chaucer. 2. A bid; an offer. [Obs. or Dial.] Sir W. Scott Bode, n. [AS. boda; akin to OFries. boda, AS. bodo, OHG. boto. See Bode, v. t.] A messenger; a herald. Robertson. Bode, n. [See Abide.] A stop; a halting; delay. [Obs.] Bode, imp. & p. p. from Bide. Abode. There that night they bode. Tennyson. Bode, p. p. of Bid. Bid or bidden. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bode¶ful (?), a. Portentous; ominous. Carlyle. Bode¶ment (?), n. An omen; a prognostic. [Obs.] This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl Makes all these bodements. Shak. Bodge (?), n. A botch; a patch. [Dial.] Whitlock. Bodge (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bodged (?).] To botch; to mend clumsily; to patch. [Obs. or Dial.] Bodge, v. i. See Budge. Bo¶diÏan (?), n. (Zo”l.) A large food fish (Diagramma lineatum), native of the East Indies. Bod¶ice (?), n. [This is properly the plural of body, Oe. bodise a pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. Corset, and see Body.] 1. A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset; stays. 2. A closeÏfitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it. Her bodice half way she unlaced. Prior. Bod¶iced (?), a. Wearing a bodice. Thackeray. Bod¶ied (?), a. Having a body; Ð usually in composition; as, ableÐbodied. A doe ... not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and good bodied. Hakluyt. Bod¶iÏless (?), a. 1. Having no body. 2. Without material form; incorporeal. Phantoms bodiless and vain. Swift. Bod¶iÏliÏness (?), n. Corporeality. Minsheu. Bod¶iÏly (?), a. 1. Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal; consisting of matter. You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the bodily part of us. Tatler. 2. Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind. ½Bodily defects.¸ L'Estrange. 3. Real; actual; put in execution. [Obs.] Be brought to bodily act. Shak. Bodily fear, apprehension of physical injury. Syn. Ð See Corporal. Bod¶iÏly, adv. 1. Corporeally; in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the body. For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily. Col.ii.9 2. In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire body of

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mass; entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry away bodily. ½Leapt bodily below.¸ Lowell. Bod¶ing (?), a. Foreshowing; presaging; ominous. Ð Bod¶ingÏly, adv. Bod¶ing, n. A prognostic; an omen; a foreboding. Bod¶kin (?), n. [OE. boydekyn dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bidog hanger, short sword, Ir. bideog, Gael. biodag.] 1. A dagger. [Obs.] When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. Shak. 2. (Needlework) An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by piercing; a ?tiletto; an eyeleteer. 3. (Print.) A sharp tool, like an awl, used for picking ?ut letters from a column or page in making corrections. 4. A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a tape needle. Wedged whole ages in a bodkin's eye. Pope. 5. A kind of pin used by women to fasten the hair. To sit, ride, or travel bodkin, to sit closely wedged between two persons. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Bod¶kin, n. See Baudekin. [Obs.] Shirley. Bo¶dle (?), n. A small Scotch coin worth about one sixth of an English penny. Sir W.Scott. Bod¶leiÏan , a. Of or pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated library at Oxford, founded by him in the sixteenth century. BoÏdock¶ (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. bois d'arc.] The Osage orange. [Southwestern U.S.] Bod¶rage (?), n. [Prob. of Celtic origin: cf. Bordrage.] A raid. [Obs.] Bod¶y (?), n.; pl. Bodies (?). [OE. bodi, AS. bodig; akin to OHG. botah. ?257. Cf. Bodice.] 1. The material organized substance of an animal, whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or vital principle; the physical person. Absent in body, but present in spirit. 1 Cor. v. 3 For of the soul the body form doth take. For soul is form, and doth the body make. Spenser. 2. The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal, as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc. Who set the body and the limbs Of this great sport together? Shak. The van of the king's army was led by the general; ... in the body was the king and the prince. Clarendon. Rivers that run up into the body of Italy. Addison. 3. The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the substance, as opposed to the shadow. Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ. Col.ii. 17. 4. A person; a human being; Ð frequently in composition; as, anybody, nobody. A dry, shrewd kind of a body. W. Irving. 5. A number of individuals spoken of collectively, usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; as, a legislative body; a clerical body. A numerous body led unresistingly to the slaughter. Prescott. 6. A number of things or particulars embodied in a system; a general collection; as, a great body of facts; a body of laws or of divinity. 7. Any mass or portion of matter; any substance distinct from others; as, a metallic body; a moving body; an a‰riform body. ½A body of cold air.¸ Huxley. By collision of two bodies, grind The air attrite to fire. Milton. 8. Amount; quantity; extent. 9. That part of a garment covering the body, as distinguished from the parts covering the limbs. 10. The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the load is placed; as, a wagon body; a cart body. 11. (Print.) The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); as, a nonpareil face on an agate body. 12. (Geom.) A figure that has length, breadth, and thickness; any solid figure. 13. Consistency; thickness; substance; strength; as, this color has body; wine of a good body. µ Colors bear a body when they are capable of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat. Ð Body cavity (Anat.), the space between the walls of the body and the inclosed viscera; the c‘lum; Ð in mammals, divided by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities. Ð Body of a church, the nave. Ð Body cloth; pl. Body cloths; a cloth or blanket for covering horses. Ð Body clothes. (pl.) 1. Clothing for the body; esp. underclothing. 2. Body cloths for horses. [Obs.] Addison. Ð Body coat, a gentleman's dress coat. Ð Body color (Paint.), a pigment that has consistency, thickness, or body, in distinction from a tint or wash. Ð Body of a law (Law), the main and operative part. Ð Body louse (Zo”l.), a species of louse (Pediculus vestimenti), which sometimes infests the human body and clothes. See Grayback. Ð Body plan (Shipbuilding), an end elevation, showing the conbour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her length. Ð Body politic, the collective body of a nation or state as politically organized, or as exercising political functions; also, a corporation. Wharton. As to the persons who compose the body politic or associate themselves, they take collectively the name of ½people¸, or ½nation¸. Bouvier. ÐBody servant, a valet. Ð The bodies seven (Alchemy), the metals corresponding to the planets. [Obs.] Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren (=iron), Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and Jupiter is tin, and Venus coper. Chaucer. ÐBody snatcher, one who secretly removes without right or authority a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.; a resurrectionist. Ð Body snatching (Law), the unauthorized removal of a dead body from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection. Bod¶y (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bodying.] To furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape; to embody. To body forth, to give from or shape to mentally. Imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown. Shak. Bod¶yÏguard· (?), n. 1. A guard to protect or defend the person; a lifeguard. 2. Retinue; attendance; following. Bp. Porteus. B‘Ïo¶tian (?), a. [L. Boeotia, Gr. ?, noted for its moist, thick atmosphere, and the dullness and stupidity of its inhabitants.] Of or pertaining to B‘otia; hence, stupid; dull; obtuse. Ð n. A native of B‘otia; also, one who is dull and ignorant. Ø Boer (?), n. [D., a farmer. See Boor.] A colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent. Bo¶es (?), 3d sing. pr. of Behove. Behoves or behooves. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bog (?), n. [Ir. & Gael. bog soft, tender, moist: cf. Ir. bogach bog, moor, marsh, Gael. bogan quagmire.] 1. A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to sink; a marsh; a morass. Appalled with thoughts of bog, or caverned pit, Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread. R. Jago. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp. [Local, U. S.] Bog bean. See Buck bean. Ð Bog bumper (bump to make a loud noise), Bog blitter, Bog bluiter, or Bog jumper, the bittern. [Prov.] Ð Bog butter, a hydrocarbon of butterlike consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland. Ð Bog earth (Min.), a soil composed for the most part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. P. Cyc. Ð Bog moss. (Bot.) Same as Sphagnum. Ð Bog myrtle (Bot.), the sweet gale. Ð Bog ore. (Min.) (a) An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or limonite. (b) Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of manganese. Ð Bog rush (Bot.), any rush growing in bogs; saw grass. Ð Bog spavin. See under Spavin. Bog, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bogging.] To sink, as into a bog; to submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and mire. At another time, he was bogged up to the middle in the slough of Lochend. Sir W. Scott. Bog¶ber·ry (?), n. (Bot.) The small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), which grows in boggy places. Bo¶gey (?), n. A goblin; a bugbear. See Bogy. Bog¶gard (?), n. A bogey. [Local, Eng.] Bog¶gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boggling (?).] [ See Bogle, n.] 1. To stop or hesitate as if suddenly frightened, or in doubt, or impeded by unforeseen difficulties; to take alarm; to exhibit hesitancy and indecision. We start and boggle at every unusual appearance. Glanvill. Boggling at nothing which serveth their purpose. Barrow. 2. To do anything awkwardly or unskillfully. 3. To play fast and loose; to dissemble. Howell. Syn. Ð To doubt; hesitate; shrink; stickle; demur. Bog¶gle, v. t. To embarrass with difficulties; to make a bungle or botch of. [Local, U. S.] Bog¶gler (?), n. One who boggles. Bog¶glish (?), a. Doubtful; skittish. [Obs.] Bog¶gy (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, a bog or bogs; of the nature of a bog; swampy; as, boggy land. Bo¶gie (?), n. [A dialectic word. N. of Eng. & Scot.] A fourÐwheeled truck, having a certain amount of play around a vertical axis, used to support in part a locomotive on a railway track. Bo¶gle (?), n. [Scot. and North Eng. bogle, bogill, bugill, specter; as a verb, to terrify, fr. W. bwgwl threatening, fear, bwg, bwgan, specter, hobgoblin. Cf. Bug.] A goblin; a specter; a frightful phantom; a bogy; a bugbear. [Written also boggle.] Bog¶suck·er (?), n. (Zo”l.) The American woodcock; Ð so called from its feeding among the bogs. Bog¶trot·ter (?), n. One who lives in a boggy country; Ð applied in derision to the lowest class of Irish. Halliwell. Bog¶trot·ting (?), a. Living among bogs. Bogue (?), v. i. (Naut.) To fall off from the wind; to edge away to leeward; Ð said only of inferior craft. Bogue (?), n. (Zo”l.) The boce; Ð called also bogue bream. See Boce. Bo¶gus (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Spurious; fictitious; sham; Ð a cant term originally applied to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting anything counterfeit. [Colloq. U. S.] Bo¶gus, n. A liquor made of rum and molasses. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Bog¶wood· (?), n. The wood of trees, esp. of oaks, dug up from peat bogs. It is of a shining black or ebony color, and is largely used for making ornaments. Bo¶gy (?), n.; pl. Bogies (?). [See Bogle.] A specter; a hobgoblin; a bugbear. ½Death's heads and bogies.¸ J. H. Newman. [Written also bogey.] There are plenty of such foolish attempts at playing bogy in the history of savages. C. Kingsley. BoÏhea¶ (?), n. [From WuÏi, pronounced by the Chinese buÏi, the name of the hills where this kind of tea is grown.] Bohea tea, an inferior kind of black tea. See under Tea. µ The name was formerly applied to superior kinds of black tea, or to black tea in general. BoÏhe¶miÏa (?), n. 1. A country of central Europe. 2. Fig.: The region or community of social Bohemians. See Bohemian, n., 3. She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton Reade. BoÏhe¶miÏan (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See Bohemian, n., 2. 2. Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or ½Bohemian¸ (see Bohemian, n., 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy. [Modern] Hers was a pleasant Bohemian life till she was five and thirty. Blackw. Mag. Artists have abandoned their Bohemian manners and customs nowadays. W. Black. Bohemian chatterer, or Bohemian waxwing (Zo”l.), a small bird of Europe and America (Ampelis garrulus); the waxwing. Ð Bohemian glass, a variety of hard glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of color. BoÏhe¶miÏan (?), n. 1. A native of Bohemia. 2. The language of the Czechs (the ancient inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the dialects of the Slavic family. 3. A restless vagabond; Ð originally, an idle stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable tastes, or free morals. [Modern] µ In this sense from the French boh‚mien, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular habits. She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both Bohemians by taste and circumstances. Thackeray. BoÏhe¶miÏanÏism (?), n. The characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian. [Modern] Ø Bo¶hun u¶pas (?). See Upas. Ø BoÏiar¶ (?), n. See Boyar. Boil (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Boiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boiling.] [OE. boilen, OF. boilir, builir, F. bouillir, fr. L. bullire to be in a bubbling motion, from bulla bubble; akin to Gr. ?, Lith. bumbuls. Cf. Bull an edict, Budge, v., and Ebullition.] 1. To be agitated, or tumultuously moved, as a liquid by the generation and rising of bubbles of steam (or vapor), or of currents produced by heating it to the boiling point; to be in a state of ebullition; as, the water boils. 2. To be agitated like boiling water, by any other cause than heat; to bubble; to effervesce; as, the boiling waves. He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. Job xii. 31. 3. To pass from a liquid to an a‰riform state or vapor when heated; as, the water boils away. 4. To be moved or excited with passion; to be hot or fervid; as, his blood boils with anger. Then boiled my breast with flame and burning wrath. Surrey. 5. To be in boiling water, as in cooking; as, the potatoes are boiling. To boil away, to vaporize; to evaporate or be evaporated by the action of heat. Ð To boil over, to run over the top of a vessel, as liquid when thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of effervescence; to be excited with ardor or passion so as to lose selfÐcontrol. Boil, v.t. 1. To heat to the boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; as, to boil water. 2. To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation; as, to boil sugar or salt. 3. To subject to the action of heat in a boiling liquid so as to produce some specific effect, as cooking, cleansing, etc.; as, to boil meat; to boil clothes. The stomach cook is for the hall, And boileth meate for them all. Gower. 4. To steep or soak in warm water. [Obs.] To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform; but if you boil them in water, the new seeds will sprout sooner. Bacon. To boil down, to reduce in bulk by boiling; as, to boil down sap or sirup. Boil, n. Act or state of boiling. [Colloq.] Boil, n. [Influenced by boil, v. See Beal, Bile.] A hard, painful, inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration, discharges pus, mixed with blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass of dead tissue, called the core. A blind boil, one that suppurates imperfectly, or fails to come to a head. Ð Delhi boil (Med.), a peculiar affection of the skin, probably parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British troops) and especially at Delhi. Boil¶aÏry (?), n. See Boilery. Boiled (?), a. Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a boiling liquid; as, boiled meat; a boiled dinner; boiled clothes. Boil¶er (?), n. 1. One who boils. 2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled. µ The word boiler is a generic term covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers, evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc. 3. (Mech.) A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite structure variously formed, in which steam is generated for driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or other purposes. µ The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or sections of spheres, heated wholly from the outside. Watt used the wagon boiler (shaped like the top of a covered wagon) which is still used with low pressures. Most of the boilers in present use may be classified as plain cylinder boilers, flue boilers, sectional and tubular boilers. Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part containing the flues. Ð Boiler plate, Boiler iron, plate or rolled iron of about a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers and tanks, for covering ships, etc. Ð Cylinder boiler, one which consists of a single iron cylinder. Ð Flue boilers are usually single shells containing a small

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number of large flues, through which the heat either passes from the fire or returns to the chimney, and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water. Ð Locomotive boiler, a boiler which contains an inclosed fire box and a large number of small flues leading to the chimney. Ð Multiflue boiler. Same as Tubular boiler, below. Ð Sectional boiler, a boiler composed of a number of sections, which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of any desired capacity can be built up. Ð Tubular boiler, a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See Illust. of Steam boiler, under Steam. Ð Tubulous boiler. See under Tubulous. See Tube, n., 6, and 1st Flue. Boil¶erÏy (?), n. [Cf. F. bouillerie.] A place and apparatus for boiling, as for evaporating brine in salt making. Boil¶ing, a. Heated to the point of bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in tumultuous agitation, as boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling with heat, ardor, or passion. Boiling point, the temperature at which a fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition. This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid under different pressures. For water, at the level of the sea, barometer 30 in., it is 212 ? Fahrenheit; for alcohol, 172.96?; for ether, 94.8?; for mercury, about 675?. The boiling point of water is lowered one degree Fahrenheit for about 550 feet of ascent above the level of the sea. Ð Boiling spring, a spring which gives out very hot water, or water and steam, often ejecting it with much force; a geyser. Ð To be at the boiling point, to be very angry. Ð To keep the pot boiling, to keep going on actively, as in certain games. [Colloq.] Boil¶ing, n. 1. The act of ebullition or of tumultuous agitation. 2. Exposure to the action of a hot liquid. Boil¶ingÏly, adv. With boiling or ebullition. And lakes of bitumen rise boiling higher. Byron. Ø Bois¶ d'arc¶ (?). [F., bow wood. So called because used for bows by the Western Indians.] (Bot.) The Osage orange (Maclura aurantiaca). The bois d'arc seems to be the characteristic growth of the black prairies. U. S. Census (1880). Ø Bois¶ dur·ci¶ (?). [F., hardened wood.] A hard, highly polishable composition, made of fine sawdust from hard wood (as rosewood) mixed with blood, and pressed. Boist (?), n. [OF. boiste, F. boŒte, from the same root as E. box.] A box. [Obs.] Bois¶terÏous (?), a. [OE. boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwyst wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus ferocious.] 1. Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [Obs.] ½Boisterous sword.¸ ½Boisterous hand.¸ Shak. 2. Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting with noisy turbulence; violent; rough; stormy. The waters swell before a boisterous storm. Shak. The brute and boisterous force of violent men. Milton. 3. Noisy; rough; turbulent; as, boisterous mirth; boisterous behavior. I like not that loud, boisterous man. Addison. 4. Vehement; excessive. [R.] The heat becomes too powerful and boisterous for them. Woodward. Syn. Ð Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious; tumultuous; noisy; impetuous; vehement. Bois¶terÏousÏly, adv. In a boisterous manner. Bois¶terÏousÏness, n. The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder; tumultuousness. Bois¶tous (?), a. Rough or rude; coarse; strong; violent; boisterous; noisy. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ð Bois¶tousÏly, adv. Ð Bois¶tousÏness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer. BoÏja¶nus or¶gan (?). [From Bojanus, the discoverer.] (Zo”l.) A glandular organ of bivalve mollusca, serving in part as a kidney. Bo¶kaÏdam· (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Cerberus. Boke, v. t. & i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs. or Dial.] Bo¶lar (?), a. [See Bole clay.] Of or pertaining to bole or clay; partaking of the nature and qualities of bole; clayey. Ø Bo¶las (?), n. sing. & pl. [Sp.] A kind of missile weapon consisting of one, two, or more balls of stone, iron, or other material, attached to the ends of a leather cord; Ð used by the Gauchos of South America, and others, for hurling at and entangling an animal. Bold (?), a. [OE. bald, bold, AS. bald, beald; akin to Icel. ballr, OHG. bald, MHG. balt, D. boud, Goth. bal?ei boldness, It. baldo. In Ger. there remains only bald, adv. soon. Cf. Bawd, n.] 1. Forward to meet danger; venturesome; daring; not timorous or shrinking from risk; brave; courageous. Throngs of knights and barons bold. Milton. 2. Exhibiting or requiring spirit and contempt of danger; planned with courage; daring; vigorous. ½The bold design leased highly.¸ Milton. 3. In a bad sense, too forward; taking undue liberties; over assuming or confident; lacking proper modesty or restraint; rude; impudent. Thou art too wild, too rude and bold of voice. Shak. 4. Somewhat overstepping usual bounds, or conventional rules, as in art, literature, etc.; taking liberties in o composition or expression; as, the figures of an author are bold. ½Bold tales.¸ Waller. The cathedral church is a very bold work. Addison. 5. Standing prominently out to view; markedly conspicuous; striking the eye; in high relief. Shadows in painting ... make the figure bolder. Dryden. 6. Steep; abrupt; prominent. Where the bold cape its warning forehead rears. Trumbull. Bold eagle (Zo”l.), an Australian eagle (Aquila audax), which destroys lambs and even the kangaroo. Ð To make bold, to take liberties or the liberty; to venture. Syn. Ð Courageous; daring; brave; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; valiant; manful; audacious; stouthearted; highÏspirited; adventurous; confident; strenuous; forward; impudent. Bold (?), v. t. To make bold or daring. [Obs.] Shak. Bold, v. i. To be or become bold. [Obs.] Bold¶en (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boldened (?). ] To make bold; to encourage; to embolden. Ready speakers, being boldened with their present abilities to say more, ... use less help of diligence and study. Ascham. Bold¶Ðfaced· (?), a. 1. Somewhat impudent; lacking modesty; as, a boldÐfaced woman. I have seen enough to confute all the boldÐfaced atheists of this age. Bramhall. 2. (Print.) Having a conspicuous or heavy face. µ This line is boldÐfaced nonpareil.? Bold¶ly, adv. [AS. bealdlÆce.] In a bold manner. Bold¶ness, n. The state or quality of being bold. Syn. Ð Courage; bravery; intrepidity; dauntlessness; hardihood; assurance. Ø Bol¶do (?), Ø Bol¶du (?), } n. (Bot.) A fragrant evergreen shrub of Chili (Peumus Boldus). The bark is used in tanning, the wood for making charcoal, the leaves in medicine, and the drupes are eaten. Bole (?), n. [OE. bole, fr. Icel. bolr; akin to Sw. b†l, Dan. bul, trunk, stem of a tree, G. bohle a thick plank or board; cf. LG. boll round. Cf. Bulge.] The trunk or stem of a tree, or that which is like it. Enormous elmÏtree boles did stoop and lean. Tennyson. Bole, n. [Etym. doubtful.] An aperture, with a wooden shutter, in the wall of a house, for giving, occasionally, air or light; also, a small closet. [Scot.] Open the bole wi'speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord Geraldin. Sir W. Scott. Bole, n. A measure. See Boll, n., 2. Mortimer. Bole, n. [Gr. ? a clod or lump of earth: cf. F. bol, and also L. bolus morsel. Cf. Bolus.] 1. Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See Clay, and Terra alba. 2. A bolus; a dose. Coleridge. Armenian bole. See under Armenian. Ð Bole Armoniac, or Armoniak, Armenian bole. [Obs.] Chaucer. BoÏlec¶tion (?), n. (Arch.) A projecting molding round a panel. Same as Bilection. Gwilt. Ø BoÏle¶ro (?), n. [Sp.] (Mus.) A Spanish dance, or the lively music which accompanies it. BoÏlet¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the Boletus. Boletic acid, an acid obtained from the Boletus fomentarius, variety pseudoÏigniarius. Same as Fumaric acid. Ø BoÏle¶tus (?), n. [L. boletus, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi having the under side of the pileus or cap composed of a multitude of fine separate tubes. A few are edible, and others very poisonous. Bo¶ley, Bo¶lye (?), n. Same as Booly. Bo¶lide (?), n. [F. See Bolis.] A kind of meteor; a bolis. Ø Bo¶lis, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? missile, arrow, fr. ? to throw.] A meteor or brilliant shooting star, followed by a train of light or sparks; esp. one which explodes. BoÏliv¶iÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Bolivia. Ð n. A native of Bolivia. Boll (?), n. [OE. bolle boll, bowl, AS. bolla. See Bowl a vessel.] 1. The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a globular form. 2. A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois. Also, a measure for salt of two bushels. [Sometimes spelled bole.] Boll, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bolled (?).] To form a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed. The barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled. Ex. ix. 31. Bol¶landÏists (?), n. pl. The Jesuit editors of the ½Acta Sanctorum¸, or Lives of the Saints; Ð named from John Bolland, who began the work. Bol¶lard (?), n. [Cf. Bole the stem of a tree, and Pollard.] An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used in veering or fastening ropes. Bollard timber (Naut.), a timber, also called a knighthead, rising just within the stem in a ship, on either side of the bowsprit, to secure its end. Boll¶en (?), a. See Boln, a. Boll¶ing (?), n. [Cf. Bole stem of a tree, and Poll, v. t.] A tree from which the branches have been cut; a pollard. Boll¶worm· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The larva of a moth (Heliothis armigera) which devours the bolls or unripe pods of the cotton plant, often doing great damage to the crops. Boln (?), v. i. [OE. bolnen, bollen; cf. Dan. bulne. Cf. Bulge.] To swell; to puff. Holland. Boln (?), Boll¶en (?), } a. Swollen; puffed out. Thin, and boln out like a sail. B. Jonson. BoÏlo¶gna (?), n. 1. A city of Italy which has given its name to various objects. 2. A Bologna sausage. Bologna sausage [It. salsiccia di Bologna], a large sausage made of bacon or ham, veal, and pork, chopped fine and inclosed in a skin. Ð Bologna stone (Min.), radiated barite, or barium sulphate, found in roundish masses composed of radiating fibers, first discovered near Bologna. It is phosphorescent when calcined. Ð Bologna vial, a vial of unannealed glass which will fly into pieces when its surface is scratched by a hard body, as by dropping into it a fragment of flint; whereas a bullet may be dropped into it without injury. BoÏlo·gnese¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Bologna. Ð n. A native of Bologna. Bolognese school (Paint.), a school of painting founded by the Carracci, otherwise called the Lombard or Eclectic school, the object of which was to unite the excellences of the preceding schools. BoÏlo¶gnian (?), a. & n. Bolognese. Bolognian stone. See Bologna stone, under Bologna. BoÏlom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? a stroke, ray + Ïmeter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring minute quantities of radiant heat, especially in different parts of the spectrum; Ð called also actinic balance, thermic balance. S. P. Langley. Bol¶ster (?), n. [AS. bolster; akin to Icel. b?lstr, Sw. & Dan. bolster, OHG. bolstar, polstar, G. polster; from the same root as E. bole stem, bowl hollow vessel. Cf. Bulge, Poltroon.] 1. A long pillow or cushion, used to support the head of a person lying on a bed; Ð generally laid under the pillows. And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, This way the coverlet, another way the sheets. Shak. 2. A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress. This arm shall be a bolster for thy head. Gay. 3. Anything arranged to act as a support, as in various forms of mechanism, etc. 4. (Saddlery) A cushioned or a piece part of a saddle. 5. (Naut.) (a) A cushioned or a piece of soft wood covered with tarred canvas, placed on the trestletrees and against the mast, for the collars of the shrouds to rest on, to prevent chafing. (b) Anything used to prevent chafing. 6. A plate of iron or a mass of wood under the end of a bridge girder, to keep the girder from resting directly on the abutment. 7. A transverse bar above the axle of a wagon, on which the bed or body rests. 8. The crossbeam forming the bearing piece of the body of a railway car; the central and principal cross beam of a car truck. 9. (Mech.) the perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched. 10. (Cutlery) (a) That part of a knife blade which abuts upon the end of the handle. (b) The metallic end of a pocketknife handle. G. Francis. 11. (Arch.) The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital. G. Francis. 12. (Mil.) A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation. [See Illust. of Gun carriage.] Bolster work (Arch.), members which are bellied or curved outward like cushions, as in friezes of certain classical styles. Bol¶ster, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bolstered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bolstering.] 1. To support with a bolster or pillow. S. Sharp. 2. To support, hold up, or maintain with difficulty or unusual effort; Ð often with up. To bolster baseness. Drayton. Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride. Compton Reade. Bol¶stered (?), a. 1. Supported; upheld. 2. Swelled out. Bol¶sterÏer (?), n. A supporter. Bolt (?), n. [AS. bolt; akin to Icel. bolti, Dan. bolt, D. bout, OHG. bolz, G. bolz, bolzen; of uncertain origin.] 1. A shaft or missile intended to be shot from a crossbow or catapult, esp. a short, stout, bluntÐheaded arrow; a quarrel; an arrow, or that which resembles an arrow; a dart. Look that the crossbowmen lack not bolts. Sir W. Scott. A fool's bolt is soon shot. Shak. 2. Lightning; a thunderbolt. 3. A strong pin, of iron or other material, used to fasten or hold something in place, often having a head at one end and screw thread cut upon the other end. 4. A sliding catch, or fastening, as for a door or gate; the portion of a lock which is shot or withdrawn by the action of the key. 5. An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter. [Obs.] Away with him to prison! lay bolts enough upon him. Shak. 6. A compact package or roll of cloth, as of canvas or silk, often containing about forty yards. 7. A bundle, as of oziers. Bolt auger, an auger of large size; an auger to make holes for the bolts used by shipwrights. Ð Bolt and nut, a metallic pin with a head formed upon one end, and a movable piece (the nut) screwed upon a thread cut upon the other end. See B, C, and D, in illust. above. See Tap bolt, Screw bolt, and Stud bolt. Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bolting.] 1. To shoot; to discharge or drive forth.

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2. To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw out. I hate when Vice can bolt her arguments. Milton. 3. To swallow without chewing; as, to bolt food. 4. (U. S. Politics) To refuse to support, as a nomination made by a party to which one has belonged or by a caucus in which one has taken part. 5. (Sporting) To cause to start or spring forth; to dislodge, as conies, rabbits, etc. 6. To fasten or secure with, or as with, a bolt or bolts, as a door, a timber, fetters; to shackle; to restrain. Let tenfold iron bolt my door. Langhorn. Which shackles accidents and bolts up change. Shak. Bolt (?), v. i. 1. To start forth like a bolt or arrow; to spring abruptly; to come or go suddenly; to dart; as, to bolt out of the room. This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt, ... And oft out of a bush doth bolt. Drayton. 2. To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt. His cloudless thunder bolted on their heads. Milton. 3. To spring suddenly aside, or out of the regular path; as, the horse bolted. 4. (U.S. Politics) To refuse to support a nomination made by a party or a caucus with which one has been connected; to break away from a party. Bolt, adv. In the manner of a bolt; suddenly; straight; unbendingly. [He] came bolt up against the heavy dragoon. Thackeray. Bolt upright. (a) Perfectly upright; perpendicular; straight up; unbendingly erect. Addison. (b) On the back at full length. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bolt, n. [From Bolt, v. i.] 1. A sudden spring or start; a sudden spring aside; as, the horse made a bolt. 2. A sudden flight, as to escape creditors. This gentleman was so hopelessly involved that he contemplated a bolt to America Ð or anywhere. Compton Reade. 3. (U. S. Politics) A refusal to support a nomination made by the party with which one has been connected; a breaking away from one's party. Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bolting.] [OE. bolten, boulten, OF. buleter, F. bluter, fr. Ll. buletare, buratare, cf. F. bure coarse woolen stuff; fr. L. burrus red. See Borrel, and cf. Bultel.] 1. To sift or separate the coarser from the finer particles of, as bran from flour, by means of a bolter; to separate, assort, refine, or purify by other means. He now had bolted all the flour. Spenser. Ill schooled in bolted language. Shak. 2. To separate, as if by sifting or bolting; Ð with out. Time and nature will bolt out the truth of things. L'Estrange. 3. (Law) To discuss or argue privately, and for practice, as cases at law. Jacob. To bolt to the bran, to examine thoroughly, so as to separate or discover everything important. Chaucer. This bolts the matter fairly to the bran. Harte. The report of the committee was examined and sifted and bolted to the bran. Burke. Bolt, n. A sieve, esp. a long fine sieve used in milling for bolting flour and meal; a bolter. B. Jonson. Bol¶tel (?), n. See Boultel. Bolt¶er (?), n. One who bolts; esp.: (a) A horse which starts suddenly aside. (b) A man who breaks away from his party. Bolt¶er, n. 1. One who sifts flour or meal. 2. An instrument or machine for separating bran from flour, or the coarser part of meal from the finer; a sieve. Bolt¶er, n. A kind of fishing line. See Boulter. Bolt¶head· (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A long, straightnecked, glass vessel for chemical distillations; Ð called also a matrass or receiver. 2. The head of a bolt. Bolt¶ing, n. A darting away; a starting off or aside. Bolt¶ing, n. 1. A sifting, as of flour or meal. 2. (Law) A private arguing of cases for practice by students, as in the Inns of Court. [Obs.] Bolting cloth, wire, hair, silk, or other sieve cloth of different degrees of fineness; Ð used by millers for sifting flour. McElrath. Ð Bolting hutch, a bin or tub for the bolted flour or meal; (fig.) a receptacle. Bol¶tonÏite (?), n. (Min.) A granular mineral of a grayish or yellowish color, found in Bolton, Massachusetts. It is a silicate of magnesium, belonging to the chrysolite family. Bolt¶rope· (?), n. (Naut.) A rope stitched to the edges of a sail to strengthen the sail. Bolt¶sprit· (?), n. [A corruption of bowsprit.] (Naut.) See Bowsprit. Bol¶ty (?), n. (Zo”l.) An edible fish of the Nile (genus Chromis). [Written also bulti.] Bo¶lus (?), n.; pl. Boluses (?). [L. bolus bit, morsel; cf. G. ? lump of earth. See Bole, n., clay.] A rounded mass of anything, esp. a large pill. Bom (?), n. (Zo”l.) A large American serpent, so called from the sound it makes. Bomb (?), n. [F. bombe bombshell, fr. L. bombus a humming or buzzing noise, Gr. ?.] 1. A great noise; a hollow sound. [Obs.] A pillar of iron ... which if you had struck, would make ... a great bomb in the chamber beneath. Bacon. 2. (Mil.) A shell; esp. a spherical shell, like those fired from mortars. See Shell. 3. A bomb ketch. Bomb chest (Mil.), a chest filled with bombs, or only with gunpowder, placed under ground, to cause destruction by its explosion. Ð Bomb ketch, Bomb vessel (Naut.), a small ketch or vessel, very strongly built, on which mortars are mounted to be used in naval bombardments; Ð called also mortar vessel. Ð Bomb lance, a lance or harpoon with an explosive head, used in whale fishing. Ð Volcanic bomb, a mass of lava of a spherical or pear shape. ½I noticed volcanic bombs.¸ Darwin. Bomb, v. t. To bombard. [Obs.] Prior. Bomb, v. i. [Cf. Boom.] To sound; to boom; to make a humming or buzzing sound. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Bom¶bace (?), n. [OF.] Cotton; padding. [Obs.] Bom¶bard (?), n. [F. bombarde, LL. bombarda, fr. L. bombus + Ïard. Cf. Bumper, and see Bomb.] 1. (Gun.) A piece of heavy ordnance formerly used for throwing stones and other ponderous missiles. It was the earliest kind of cannon. They planted in divers places twelve great bombards, wherewith they threw huge stones into the air, which, falling down into the city, might break down the houses. Knolles. 2. A bombardment. [Poetic & R.] J. Barlow. 3. A large drinking vessel or can, or a leather bottle, for carrying liquor or beer. [Obs.] Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks like a foul bombard that would shed his liquor. Shak. 4. pl. Padded breeches. [Obs.] Bombard phrase, inflated language; bombast. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Bom¶bard (?), n. [OE. bombarde, fr. F. bombarde.] (Mus.) See Bombardo. [Obs.] BomÏbard¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bombarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bombarding.] To attack with bombards or with artillery; especially, to throw shells, hot shot, etc., at or into. Next, she means to bombard Naples. Burke. His fleet bombarded and burnt down Dieppe. Wood. Bom·barÏdier¶ (?), n. [F. bombardier.] (Mil.) (a) One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a gunner. [Archaic] (b) A noncommissioned officer in the British artillery. Bombardier beetle (Zo”l.), a kind of beetle (Brachinus crepitans), so called because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a pungent and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied to other related species, as the B. displosor, which can produce ten or twelve explosions successively. The common American species is B. fumans. Bom¶bardÏman (?), n. One who carried liquor or beer in a can or bombard. [Obs.] They ... made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country lady. B. Jonson. BomÏbard¶ment (?), n. [F. bombardement.] An attack upon a fortress or fortified town, with shells, hot shot, rockets, etc.; the act of throwing bombs and shot into a town or fortified place. Ø BomÏbar¶do (?), BomÏbar¶don (?), } n. [It. bombardo.] (Mus.) Originally, a deepÐtoned instrument of the oboe or bassoon family; thence, a bass reed stop on the organ. The name bombardon is now given to a brass instrument, the lowest of a saxhorns, in tone resembling the ophicleide. Grove. Bom·baÏsine¶ (?), n. Same as Bombazine. Bom¶bast (?), n. [OF. bombace cotton, LL. bombax cotton, bombasium a doublet of cotton; hence, padding, wadding, fustian. See Bombazine.] 1. Originally, cotton, or cotton wool. [Obs.] A candle with a wick of bombast. Lupton. 2. Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as stuffing for garments; stuffing; padding. [Obs.] How now, my sweet creature of bombast! Shak. Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of bombast at least. Stubbes. 3. Fig.: HighÐsounding words; an inflated style; language above the dignity of the occasion; fustian. Yet noisy bombast carefully avoid. Dryden. Bom¶bast, a. HighÐsounding; inflated; big without meaning; magniloquent; bombastic. [He] evades them with a bombast circumstance, Horribly stuffed with epithets of war. Shak. Nor a tall metaphor in bombast way. Cowley. BomÏbast¶ (?), v. t. To swell or fill out; to pad; to inflate. [Obs.] Not bombasted with words vain ticklish ears to feed. Drayton. BomÏbas¶tic (?), BomÏbas¶ticÏal (?), a. Characterized by bombast; highsounding; inflated. Ð BomÏbas¶ticÏalÏly, adv. A theatrical, bombastic, windy phraseology. Burke. Syn. Ð Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent. Bom¶bastÏry (?), n. Swelling words without much meaning; bombastic language; fustian. Bombastry and buffoonery, by nature lofty and light, soar highest of all. Swift. Ø Bom¶bax (?), n. [LL., cotton. See Bombast, n.] (Bot.) A genus of trees, called also the silkcotton tree; also, a tree of the genus Bombax. Bom·baÏzet¶ Bom·baÏzette¶ } (?), n. [Cf. Bombazine.] A sort of thin woolen cloth. It is of various colors, and may be plain or twilled. Bom·baÏzine¶ (?), n. [F. bombasin, LL. bombacinium, bambacinium, L. bombycinus silken, bombycinum a silk or cotton texture, fr. bombyx silk, silkworm, Gr. ?. Cf. Bombast, Bombycinous.] A twilled fabric for dresses, of which the warp is silk, and the weft worsted. Black bombazine has been much used for mourning garments. [Sometimes spelt bombasin, and bombasine.] Tomlinson. Bom¶bic (?), a. [L. bombyx silk, silkworm: cf. F. bombique.] Pertaining to, or obtained from, the silkworm; as, bombic acid. Bom¶biÏlate (?), v. i. [LL. bombilare, for L. bombitare. See Bomb, n.] To hum; to buzz. [R.] Bom·biÏla¶tion (?), n. A humming sound; a booming. To ... silence the bombilation of guns. Sir T. Browne. Bom¶biÏnate (?), v. i. To hum; to boom. Bom·biÏna¶tion (?), n. A humming or buzzing. Bom¶boÏlo (?), n.; pl. Bomboloes (?). [Cf. It bombola a pitcher.] A thin spheroidal glass retort or flask, used in the sublimation of camphor. [Written also bumbelo, and bumbolo.] Bomb¶proof· (?), a. Secure against the explosive force of bombs. Ð n. A structure which heavy shot and shell will not penetrate. Bomb¶shell· (?), n. A bomb. See Bomb, n. BomÏby¶cid (?), a. (Zo”l.) Like or pertaining to the genus Bombyx, or the family Bombycid‘. BomÏbyc¶iÏnous (?), a. [L. bombycinus. See Bombazine.] 1. Silken; made of silk. [Obs.] Coles. 2. Being of the color of the silkworm; transparent with a yellow tint. E. Darwin. BomÏbyl¶iÏous (?), a. [L. bombylius a bumblebee, Gr. ?.] Buzzing, like a bumblebee; as, the bombylious noise of the horse fly. [Obs.] Derham. Ø Bom¶byx (?), n. [L., silkworm. See Bombazine.] (Zo”l.) A genus of moths, which includes the silkworm moth. See Silkworm. Ø Bon (?), a. [F., fr. L. bonus.] Good; valid as security for something. BonÐacÏcord¶ (?), n. Good will; good fellowship; agreement. [Scot.] Ø Bo¶na fi¶de (?). [L.] In or with good faith; without fraud or deceit; real or really; actual or actually; genuine or genuinely; as, you must proceed bona fide; a bona fide purchaser or transaction. BoÏnair¶ (?), a. [OE., also bonere, OF. bonnaire, Cotgr., abbrev. of debonnaire. See Debonair.] Gentle; courteous; complaisant; yielding. [Obs.] BoÏnan¶za (?), n. [Sp., prop. calm., fair weather, prosperity, fr. L. bonus good.] In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large income. [Colloq. U. S.] Bo·naÏpart¶eÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte or his family. Bo¶naÏpart·ism (?), n. The policy of Bonaparte or of the Bonapartes. Bo¶naÏpart·ist, n. One attached to the policy or family of Bonaparte, or of the Bonapartes. Ø Bo¶na per·iÏtu¶ra (?). [L.] (Law) Perishable goods. Bouvier. Ø Bo¶na ro¶ba (?). [It., prop. ½good stuff.¸] A showy wanton; a courtesan. Shak BoÏna¶sus (?), BoÏnas¶sus (?), n. [L. bonasus, Gr. ?, ?.] (Zo”l.) The aurochs or European bison. See Aurochs. Ø Bon¶bon· (?), n. [F. bonbon, fr. bon bon very good, a superlative by reduplication, fr. bon good.] Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty. Bonce (?), n. [Etymol. unknown.] A boy's game played with large marbles. Ø Bon·chr‚·tien¶ (?), n. [F., good Christian.] A name given to several kinds of pears. See Bartlett. Bon¶ciÏlate (?), n. [Empirical trade name.] A substance composed of ground bone, mineral matters, etc., hardened by pressure, and used for making billiard balls, boxes, etc. Bond (?), n. [The same word as band. Cf. Band, Bend.] 1. That which binds, ties, fastens,or confines, or by which anything is fastened or bound, as a cord, chain, etc.; a band; a ligament; a shackle or a manacle. Gnawing with my teeth my bonds in sunder, I gained my freedom. Shak. 2. pl. The state of being bound; imprisonment; captivity, restraint. ½This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of bonds.¸ Acts xxvi. 3. A binding force or influence; a cause of union; a uniting tie; as, the bonds of fellowship. A people with whom I have no tie but the common bond of mankind. Burke. 4. Moral or political duty or obligation. I love your majesty According to my bond, nor more nor less. Shak. 5. (Law) A writing under seal, by which a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, to pay a certain sum on or before a future day appointed. This is a single bond. But usually a condition is added, that, if the obligor shall do a certain act, appear at a certain place, conform to certain rules, faithfully perform certain duties, or pay a certain sum of money, on or before a time specified, the obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall remain in full force. If the condition is not performed, the bond becomes forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the payment of the whole sum. Bouvier. Wharton. 6. An instrument (of the nature of the ordinary legal bond) made by a government or a corporation for purpose of borrowing money; as, a government, city, or railway bond. 7. The state of goods placed in a bonded warehouse till the duties are paid; as, merchandise in bond. 8. (Arch.) The union or tie of the several stones or bricks forming a wall. The bricks may be arranged for this purpose in several different ways, as in English or block bond (Fig. 1), where one course consists of bricks with their ends toward the face of the wall, called headers, and the next course of bricks with their lengths parallel to the face of the wall, called stretchers; Flemish bond (Fig.2), where each course consists of headers and stretchers alternately, so laid as always to break joints; Cross bond, which differs from the English by the change of the second stretcher line so that its joints come in the middle of the first, and the same position of stretchers comes back every fifth line; Combined cross and English bond, where the inner part of the wall is laid in the one method, the outer in the other.

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9. (Chem.) A unit of chemical attraction; s, oxygen has two bonds of affinity. It is often represented in graphic formul‘ by a short line or dash. See Diagram of Benzene nucleus, and Valence. Arbitration bond. See under Arbitration. Ð Bond crediter (Law), a creditor whose debt is secured by a bond. Blackstone. Ð Bond debt (Law), a debt contracted under the obligation of a bond. Burrows. Ð Bond (or lap) of a slate, the distance between the top of one slate and the bottom or drip of the second slate above, i. e., the space which is covered with three thicknesses; also, the distance between the nail of the under slate and the lower edge of the upper slate. Ð Bond timber, timber worked into a wall to tie or strengthen it longitudinally. Syn. Ð Chains; fetters; captivity; imprisonment. Bond (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bonded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bonding.] 1. To place under the conditions of a bond; to mortgage; to secure the payment of the duties on (goods or merchandise) by giving a bond. 2. (Arch.) To dispose in building, as the materials of a wall, so as to secure solidity. Bond, n. [OE. bond, bonde, peasant, serf, AS. bonda, bunda, husband, bouseholder, from Icel. b?ndi husbandman, for b?andi, fr. b?a to dwell. See Boor, Husband.] A xassal or serf; a slave. [Obs. or Archaic] Bond, a. In a state of servitude or slavery; captive. By one Spirit are we all baptized .. whether we be Jews or Bentiles, whether we be bond or free. 1 Cor. xii. 13. Bond¶age (?), n. [LL. bondagium. See Bond, a.] 1. The state of being bound; condition of being under restraint; restraint of personal liberty by compulsion; involuntary servitude; slavery; captivity. The King, when he designed you for my guard, Resolved he would not make my bondage hard. Dryden. 2. Obligation; tie of duty. He must resolve by no means to be ... brought under the bondage of onserving oaths. South. 3. (Old Eng. Law) Villenage; tenure of land on condition of doing the meanest services for the owner. Syn. Ð Thralldom; bond service; imprisonment. Bond¶aÏger (?), n. A field worker, esp. a woman who works in the field. [Scot.] Ø Bon¶dar (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A small quadruped of Bengal (Paradoxurus bondar), allied to the genet; Ð called also musk cat. Bond¶ed (?), a. Placed under, or covered by, a bond, as for the payment of duties, or for conformity to coertain regulations. Bonded goods, goods placed in a bonded warehouse; goods, for the duties on which bonds are given at the customhouse. Ð Bonded warehouse, a warehouse in which goods on which the duties are unpaid are stored under bond and in the joint custody of the importer, or his agent, and the customs officers. Bond¶er (?), n. 1. One who places goods under bond or in a bonded warehouse. 2. (Masonry) A bonding stone or brick; a bondstone. Bond¶er, n. [Norwegian bonde.] A freeholder on a small scale. [Norway] Emerson. Bond¶hold·er (?), n. A person who holds the bonds of a public or private corporation for the payment of money at a certain time. Bond¶maid· (?), n. [Bond, a. or n. + maid.] A female slave, or one bound to service without wages, as distinguished from a hired servant. Bond¶man (?), n.; pl. Bondmen (?). [Bond, a. or n. + man.] 1. A man slave, or one bound to service without wages. ½To enfranchise bondmen.¸ Macaulay. 2. (Old Eng. Law) A villain, or tenant in villenage. Bond¶ serv·ant (?). A slave; one who is bound to service without wages. If thy brother ... be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee; thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bond servant: but as an hired servant. Lev. xxv. 39, 40. Bond¶ serv·ice (?). The condition of a bond servant; sevice without wages; slavery. Their children ... upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bond service. 1 Kings ix. 21. Bond¶slave· (?), n. A person in a state of slavery; one whose person and liberty are subjected to the authority of a master. Bonds¶man (?), n.; pl. Bondsmen . [Bond, a. or n. + man.] 1. A slave; a villain; a serf; a bondman. Carnal, greedy people, without such a precept, would have no mercy upon their poor bondsmen. Derham. 2. (Law) A surety; one who is bound, or who gives security, for another. Bond¶stone· (?), n. [Bond, n. + stone.] (Masonry) A stone running through a wall from one face to another, to bind it together; a binding stone. Bonds¶wom·an (?), n. See Bondwoman. Ø Bon¶duc (?), n. [F. bonduc, fr. Ar. bunduq hazel nut, filbert nut.] (Bot.) See Nicker tree. Bond¶wom·an (?), n.; pl. Bondwomen (?). [Bond, a. or n. + woman.] A woman who is a slave, or in bondage. He who was of the bondwoman. Gal. iv. 23. Bone (?), n. [OE. bon, ban, AS. b¾n; akin to Icel. bein, Sw. ben, Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf. Icel. beinn straight.] 1. (Anat.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone. µ Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute cavities containing living matter and connected by minute canals, some of which connect with larger canals through which blood vessels ramify. 2. One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of the body. 3. Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace. 4. pl. Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of music. 5. pl. Dice. 6. Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a corset. 7. Fig.: The framework of anything. A bone of contention, a subject of contention or dispute. Ð A bone to pick, something to investigate, or to busy one's self about; a dispute to be settled (with some one). Ð Bone ash, the residue from calcined bones; Ð used for making cupels, and for cleaning jewelry. Ð Bone black (Chem.), the black, carbonaceous substance into which bones are converted by calcination in close vessels; Ð called also animal charcoal. It is used as a decolorizing material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc., and as a black pigment. See Ivory black, under Black. Ð Bone cave, a cave in which are found bones of extinct or recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and bones of man. Am. Cyc. Ð Bone dust, ground or pulverized bones, used as a fertilizer. Ð Bone earth (Chem.), the earthy residuum after the calcination of bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of calcium. Ð Bone lace, a lace made of linen thread, so called because woven with bobbins of bone. Ð Bone oil, an oil obtained by, heating bones (as in the manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing the nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their derivatives; Ð also called Dippel's oil. Ð Bone setter. Same as Bonesetter. See in the Vocabulary. Ð Bone shark (Zo”l.), the basking shark. Ð Bone spavin. See under Spavin. Ð Bone turquoise, fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue color, sometimes used as an imitation of true turquoise. Ð Bone whale (Zo”l.), a right whale. Ð To be upon the bones of, to attack. [Obs.] Ð To make no bones, to make no scruple; not to hesitate. [Low] Ð To pick a bone with, to quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over a bone; to settle a disagreement. [Colloq.] Bone (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boning.] 1. To withdraw bones from the flesh of, as in cookery. ½To bone a turkey.¸ Soyer. 2. To put whalebone into; as, to bone stays. Ash. 3. To fertilize with bone. 4. To steal; to take possession of. [Slang] Bone, v. t. [F. bornoyer to look at with one eye, to sight, fr. borgne oneÐeyed.] To sight along an object or set of objects, to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry, masonry, and surveying. Knight. Joiners, etc., bone their work with two straight edges. W. M. Buchanan. Bone¶ache· (?), n. Pain in the bones. Shak. Bone¶black· (?), n. See Bone black, under Bone, n. Boned (?), a. 1. Having (such) bones; Ð used in composition; as, bigÐboned; strongÐboned. No bigÐboned men framed of the Cyclops' size. Shak. 2. Deprived of bones; as, boned turkey or codfish. 3. Manured with bone; as, boned land. Bone¶dog· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The spiny dogfish. Bone¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Ladyfish. Bone¶less, a. Without bones. ½Boneless gums.¸ Shak. Bone¶set· (?), n. (Bot.) A medicinal plant, the thoroughwort (Eupatorium perfoliatum). Its properties are diaphoretic and tonic. Bone¶setÏter (?), n. One who sets broken or dislocated bones; Ð commonly applied to one, not a regular surgeon, who makes an occupation of setting bones. Ð Bone¶setÏting, n. Bone¶shaw (?), n. (Med.) Sciatica. [Obs.] BoÏnet¶ta (?), n. See Bonito. Sir T. Herbert. Bon¶fire· (?), n. [OE. bonefire, banefire, orig. a fire of bones; bone + fire; but cf. also Prov. E. bun a dry stalk.] A large fire built in the open air, as an expression of public joy and exultation, or for amusement. Full soon by bonfire and by bell, We learnt our liege was passing well. Gay. Bon¶grace· (?), n. [F. bon good + grƒce grace, charm.] A projecting bonnet or shade to protect the complexion; also, a wideÐbrimmed hat. [Obs.] Ø Bon·hoÏmie¶, Ø Bon·homÏmie¶ (?), n. [F.] good nature; pleasant and easy manner. Bon¶iÏbell (?), n. See Bonnibel. [Obs.] Spenser. Bon¶iÏface (?), n. [From the sleek, jolly landlord in Farquhar's comedy of ½The Beaux' Stratagem.¸] An innkeeper. Bon¶iÏform (?), a. [L. bonus good + Ïform.] Sensitive or responsive to moral excellence. Dr. H. More. Bon¶iÏfy (?), v. t. [L. bonus good + Ïfy: cf. F. bonifier.] To convert into, or make, good. To bonify evils, or tincture them with good. Cudworth. Bon¶iÏness (?), n. The condition or quality of being bony. Bon¶ing, n. [Senses 1 and 2 fr. 1st Bone, sense 3 fr. 3d Bone.] 1. The clearing of bones from fish or meat. 2. The manuring of land with bones. 3. A method of leveling a line or surface by sighting along the tops of two or more straight edges, or a range of properly spaced poles. See 3d Bone, v. t. Bon¶iÏtaÏry (?), a. Beneficial, as opposed to statutory or civil; as, bonitary dominion of land. BoÏni¶to (?), n.; pl. Bonitoes (?). [Sp. & Pg. bonito, fr. Ar. bainÆt and bainÆth.] [Often incorrectly written bonita.] (Zo”l.) 1. A large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the tunny. It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast. 2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of the United States, and (S. Chilensis) of the Pacific, and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a blue color with black oblique stripes. 3. The medregal (Seriola fasciata), an edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West Indies. 4. The cobia or crab eater (Elacate canada), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United States. Ø Bon¶mot· (?), n.; pl. Bonsmots (?). [ F. bon good + mot word.] A witty repartee; a jest. Ø Bonne (?), n. (F., prop. good woman.) A female servant charged with the care of a young child. Ø Bonne¶ bouche¶ (?); pl. Bonnes bouches (?). [F. bon, fem. bonne, good + bouche mouth.] A delicious morsel or mouthful; a tidbit. Bon¶net (?), n. [OE. bonet, OF. bonet, bonete. F. bonnet fr. LL. bonneta, bonetum; orig. the name of a stuff, and ? unknown origin.] 1. A headdress for men and boys; a cap. [Obs.] Milton. Shak. 2. A soft, ?, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless wool? stuff, and worn by men in Scotland. And ? and bonnets waving high. Sir W. Scott. 3. A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread outward, like the mouth of a funnel. 4. Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or use; as, (a) (Fort.) A small defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a parapet elevated to screen the other part from enfilade fire. (b) A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a chimney, etc. (c) A frame of wire netting over a locomotive chimney, to prevent escape of sparks. (d) A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect its occupants from objects falling down the shaft. (e) In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in the valve chambers. 5. (Naut.) An additional piece of canvas la?ed to the foot of a jib or foresail in moderate winds. Hakluyt. 6. The second stomach of a ruminating animal. 7. An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc., who entices others to bet or to bid; a decoy. [Cant] Bonnet head (Zo”l.), a shark (Sphyrna tiburio) of the southern United States and West Indies. Ð Bonnet limpet (Zo”l.), a name given, from their shape, to various species of shells (family Calyptr‘id‘). Ð Bonnet monkey (Zo”l.), an East Indian monkey (Macacus sinicus), with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga. Ð Bonnet piece, a gold coin of the time of James V. of Scotland, the king's head o? which wears a bonnet. Sir W. Scott. Ð To have a bee in the bonnet. See under Bee. Ð Black bonnet. See under Black. Ð Blue bonnet. See in the Vocabulary. Bon¶net, v. i. To take off the bonnet or cap as a mark of respect; to uncover. [Obs.] Shak. Bon¶netÏed, a. 1. Wearing a bonnet. ½Bonneted and shawled.¸ Howitt. 2. (Fort.) Protected by a bonnet. See Bonnet, 4 (a). Bon¶netÏless, a. Without a bonnet. Bon¶niÏbel (?), n. [F. bonne et belle, good and beautiful. Cf. Bellibone.] A handsome girl. [Obs.] Bon¶nie (?), a. [Scot.] See Bonny, a. Bon¶niÏlass· (?), n. [Bonny + lass.] A ½bonny lass¸; a beautiful girl. [Obs.] Spenser. Bon¶niÏly, adv. Gayly; handsomely. Bon¶niÏness, n. The quality of being bonny; gayety? handsomeness. [R.] Bon¶ny (?), a. [Spelled bonnie by the Scotch.] [OE. boni, prob. fr. F. bon, fem. bonne, good, fr. L. bonus good. See Bounty, and cf. Bonus, Boon.] 1. Handsome; beautiful; pretty; attractively lively and graceful. Till bonny Susan sped across the plain. Gay. Far from the bonnie banks of Ayr. Burns. 2. Gay; merry; frolicsome; cheerful; blithe. Be you blithe and bonny. Shak. Report speaks you a bonny monk, that would hear the mati?chime ere he quitted his bowl. Sir W. Scott. Bon¶ny, n. (Mining) A round and compact bed of ore, or a distinct bed, not communicating with a vein. Bon¶nyÏclab·ber (?), n. [Ir. bainne, baine, milk + clabar mud, mire.] Coagulated sour milk; loppered milk; curdled milk; Ð sometimes called simply clabber. B. Jonson. Ø Bon¶ Si·lŠne¶ (?). [F.] (Bot.) A very fragrant tea rose with petals of various shades of pink. Bon¶spiel (?), n. [Scot.; of uncertain origin.] A cur?ing match between clubs. [Scot.] Ø Bon¶teÏbok (?), n. [D. bont a sort of skin or fur, prop. variegated + bok buck.] (Zo”l.) The pied antelope of South Africa (Alcelaphus pygarga). Its face and rum[ are white. Called also nunni. Ø Bon¶ ton¶ (?). [F., good tone, manner.] The height of the fashion; fashionable society. Bo¶nus (?), n.; pl. Bonuses (?). [L. bonus good. Cf. Bonny.] 1. (Law) A premium given for a loan, or for a charter or other privilege granted to a company; as the bank paid a bonus for its charter. Bouvier. 2. An extra dividend to the shareholders of a joint stock company, out of accumulated profits. 3. Money paid in addition to a stated compensation. Ø Bon¶ vi·vant¶ (?); pl. Bons vivants (?). [F. bon good + vivant, p. pr. of vivre to live.] A good fellow; a jovial companion; a free liver. Bon¶y (?), a. 1. Consisting of bone, or of bones; full of bones; pertaining to bones. 2. Having large or prominent bones. Bony fish (Zo”l.), the menhaden. Ð Bony pike (Zo”l.), the gar pike (Lepidosteus). Bon¶ze (?), n. [Pg. bonzo, fr. Japan bÓzu a Buddhist priest: cf. F. bonze.] A Buddhist or Fohist priest, monk, or nun. µ The name was given by the Portuguese to the priests of Japan, and has since been applied to the priests of China, Cochin China, and the neighboring countries. Boo¶by (?), n.; pl. Boobies (?). [Sp. bobe dunce, idiot; cf. L. balbus stammering, E. barbarous.] 1. A dunce; a stupid fellow. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) A swimming bird (Sula fiber or S. sula) related to the common gannet, and found in the West

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Indies, nesting on the bare rocks. It is so called on account of its apparent stupidity. The name is also sometimes applied to other species of gannets; as, S. piscator, the redÐfooted booby. (b) A species of penguin of the antarctic seas. Booby hatch (Naut.), a kind of wooden hood over a hatch, readily removable. Ð Booby hut, a carriage body put upon sleigh runners. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Ð Booby hutch, a clumsy covered carriage or seat, used in the eastern part of England. Forby. Ð Booby trap, a schoolboy's practical joke, as a shower bath when a door is opened. Boo¶by (?), a. Having the characteristics of a booby; stupid. Boo¶byÏish, a. Stupid; dull. Boodh (?), n. Same as Buddha. Malcom. Boodh¶ism (?), n. Same as Buddhism. Boodh¶ist, n. Same as Buddhist. Boo¶dle (?), n. [Origin un?tain.] 1. The whole collection or lot; caboodle. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett. 2. Money given in payment for votes or political influence; bribe money; swag. [Polit. slang, U. S.] Boo·hoe¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boohooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boohooing.] [An imitative word.] To bawl; to cry loudly. [Low] Bartlett. Boo¶hoo· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The sailfish; Ð called also woohoo. Book (?), n. [OE. book, bok, AS. b?c; akin to Goth. b?ka a letter, in pl. book, writing, Icel. b?k, Sw. bok, Dan. bog, OS. b?k, D. boek, OHG. puoh, G. buch; and fr. AS. b?c, b?ce, beech; because the ancient Saxons and Germans in general wrote runes on pieces of beechen board. Cf. Beech.] 1. A collection of sheets of paper, or similar material, blank, written, or printed, bound together; commonly, many folded and bound sheets containing continuous printing or writing. µ When blank, it is called a blank book. When printed, the term often distinguishes a bound volume, or a volume of some size, from a pamphlet. µ It has been held that, under the copyright law, a book is not necessarily a volume made of many sheets bound together; it may be printed on a single sheet, as music or a diagram of patterns. Abbott. 2. A composition, written or printed; a treatise. A good book is the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life. Milton. 3. A part or subdivision of a treatise or literary work; as, the tenth book of ½Paradise Lost.¸ 4. A volume or collection of sheets in which accounts are kept; a register of debts and credits, receipts and expenditures, etc. 5. Six tricks taken by one side, in the game of whist; in certain other games, two or more corresponding cards, forming a set. µ Book is used adjectively or as a part of many compounds; as, book buyer, bookrack, book club, book lore, book sale, book trade, memorandum book, cashbook. Book account, an account or register of debt or credit in a book. Ð Book debt, a debt for items charged to the debtor by the creditor in his book of accounts. Ð Book learning, learning acquired from books, as distinguished from practical knowledge. ½Neither does it so much require book learning and scholarship, as good natural sense, to distinguish true and false.¸ Burnet. Ð Book louse (Zo”l.), one of several species of minute, wingless insects injurious to books and papers. They belong to the Pseudoneuroptera. Ð Book moth (Zo”l.), the name of several species of moths, the larv‘ of which eat books. Ð Book oath, an oath made on The Book, or Bible. Ð The Book of Books, the Bible. Ð Book post, a system under which books, bulky manuscripts, etc., may be transmitted by mail. Ð Book scorpion (Zo”l.), one of the false scorpions (Chelifer cancroides) found among books and papers. It can run sidewise and backward, and feeds on small insects. Ð Book stall, a stand or stall, often in the open air, for retailing books. Ð Canonical books. See Canonical. Ð In one's books, in one's favor. ½I was so much in his books, that at his decease he left me his lamp.¸ Addison. Ð To bring to book. (a) To compel to give an account. (b) To compare with an admitted authority. ½To bring it manifestly to book is impossible.¸ M. Arnold. Ð To course by bell, book, and candle. See under Bell. Ð To make a book (Horse Racing), to lay bets (recorded in a pocket book) against the success of every horse, so that the bookmaker wins on all the unsuccessful horses and loses only on the winning horse or horses. Ð To speak by the book, to speak with minute exactness. Ð Without book. (a) By memory. (b) Without authority. Book, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Booked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Booking.] 1. To enter, write, or register in a book or list. Let it be booked with the rest of this day's deeds. Shak. 2. To enter the name of (any one) in a book for the purpose of securing a passage, conveyance, or seat; as, to be booked for Southampton; to book a seat in a theater. 3. To mark out for; to destine or assign for; as, he is booked for the valedictory. [Colloq.] Here I am booked for three days more in Paris. Charles Reade. Book¶bind·er (?), n. One whose occupation is to bind books. Book¶bind·erÏy (?), n. A bookbinder's shop; a place or establishment for binding books. Book¶bind·ing, n. The art, process, or business of binding books. Book¶case· (?), n. A case with shelves for holding books, esp. one with glazed doors. Book¶craft· (?), n. Authorship; literary skill. Booked (?), a. 1. Registered. 2. On the way; destined. [Colloq.] Book¶er (?), n. One who enters accounts or names, etc., in a book; a bookkeeper. Book¶ful (?), n. As much as will fill a book; a book full. Shak. Ð a. Filled with book learning. [R.] ½The bookful blockhead.¸ Pope. Book¶hold·er (?), n. 1. A prompter at a theater. [Obs.] Beau & Fl. 2. A support for a book, holding it open, while one reads or copies from it. Book¶ing clerk· (?). A clerk who registers passengers, baggage, etc., for conveyance, as by railway or steamship, or who sells passage tickets at a booking office. Book¶ing of·fice (?). 1. An office where passengers, baggage, etc., are registered for conveyance, as by railway or steamship. 2. An office where passage tickets are sold. [Eng.] Book¶ish, a. 1. Given to reading; fond of study; better acquainted with books than with men; learned from books. ½A bookish man.¸ Addison. ½Bookish skill.¸ Bp. Hall. 2. Characterized by a method of expression generally found in books; formal; labored; pedantic; as, a bookish way of talking; bookish sentences. Ð Book¶ishÏly, adv. Ð Book¶ishÏness, n. Book¶keep·er (?), n. One who keeps accounts; one who has the charge of keeping the books and accounts in an office. Book¶keep·ing, n. The art of recording pecuniary or business transactions in a regular and systematic manner, so as to show their relation to each other, and the state of the business in which they occur; the art of keeping accounts. The books commonly ? are a daybook, cashbook, journal, and ledger. See Daybook, Cashbook, Journal, and Ledger. Bookkeeping by single entry, the method of keeping books by carrying the record of each transaction to the debit or credit of a single account. Ð Bookkeeping by double entry, a mode of bookkeeping in which two entries of every transaction are carried to the ledger, one to the Dr., or left hand, side of one account, and the other to the Cr., or right hand, side of a corresponding account, in order tha? the one entry may check the other; Ð sometimes called, from the place of its origin, the Italian method. Book¶land· (?), Bock¶land· (?), n. [AS. b?cland; b?c book + land land.] (O. Eng. Law) Charter land held by deed under certain rents and free services, which differed in nothing from free socage lands. This species of tenure has given rise to the modern freeholds. Book¶Ðlearned· (?), a. Versed in books; having knowledge derived from books. [Often in a disparaging sense.] Whate'er these bookÐlearned blockheads say, Solon's the veriest fool in all the play. Dryden. Book¶less, a. Without books; unlearned. Shenstone. Book¶let (?), n. A little book. T. Arnold. Book¶mak·er (?), n. 1. One who writes and publishes books; especially, one who gathers his materials from other books; a compiler. 2. (Horse Racing) A betting man who ½makes a book.¸ See To make a book, under Book, n. Book¶man (?), n.; pl. Bookmen (?). A studious man; a scholar. Shak. Book¶mark· (?), n. Something placed in a book to guide in finding a particular page or passage; also, a label in a book to designate the owner; a bookplate. Book¶mate· (?), n. [Book + mate.] A schoolfellow; an associate in study. Book¶mon·ger (?), n. A dealer in books. Book¶ mus·lin (?). 1. A kind of muslin used for the covers of books. 2. A kind of thin white muslin for ladies' dresses. Book¶plate· (?), n. A label, placed upon or in a book, showing its ownership or its position in a library. Book¶sell·er (?), n. One who sells books. Book¶sell·ing (?), n. The employment of selling books. Book¶shelf· (?), n.; pl. Bookshelves (?). A shelf to hold books. Book¶shop· (?), n. A bookseller's shop. [Eng.] Book¶stall· (?), n. A stall or stand where books are sold. Book¶stand· (?), n. 1. A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a bookstall. 2. A stand to hold books for reading or reference. Book¶store· (?), n. A store where books are kept for sale; Ð called in England a bookseller's shop. Book¶work· (?), n. 1. Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in distinction from newspaper or job work. 2. Study; application to books. Book¶worm· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books. Many species are known. 2. A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader without appreciation. I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a bookworm as any there. Pope. Book¶y (?),a. Bookish. Boo¶ly (?), n.; pl. Boolies (?). [Ir. buachail cowherd; bo cow + giolla boy.] A company of Irish herdsmen, or a single herdsman, wandering from place to place with flocks and herds, and living on their milk, like the Tartars; also, a place in the mountain pastures inclosed for the shelter of cattle or their keepers. [Obs.] [Written also boley, bolye, bouillie.] Spenser. Boom (?), n. [D. boom tree, pole, beam, bar. See Beam.] 1. (Naut.) A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the job boom, the studdingÏsail boom, etc. 2. (Mech.) A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted in suspended. 3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a river or harbor. [Obs.] 4. (Mil. & Naval) A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage. 5. (Lumbering) A line of connected floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away. Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards through which the studdingÐsail booms traverse. Ð The booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc., are stowed. Totten. Boom (?), v. t. (Naut.) To extend, or push, with a boom or pole; as, to boom out a sail; to boom off a boat. Boom (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boomed (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Booming.] [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. bommen to hum, D. bommen to drum, sound as an empty barrel, also W. bwmp a hollow sound; aderyn y bwmp, the bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. Bum, Bump, v. i., Bomb, v. i.] 1. To cry with a hollow note; to make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects. At eve the beetle boometh Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson. 2. To make a hollow sound, as of waves or cannon. Alarm guns booming through the night air. W. Irving. 3. To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under a press of sail, before a free wind. She comes booming down before it. Totten. 4. To have a rapid growth in market value or in popular favor; to go on rushingly. Boom, n. 1. A hollow roar, as of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a booming. 2. A strong and extensive advance, with more or less noisy excitement; Ð applied colloquially or humorously to market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to political chances of aspirants to office; as a boom in the stock market; a boom in coffee. [Colloq. U. S.] Boom, v. t. To cause to advance rapidly in price; as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a ½boom¸ for; as to boom Mr. C. for senator. [Colloq. U. S.] Ø Boom¶das (?), n. [D. boom tree + das badger.] (Zo”l.) A small African hyracoid mammal (Dendrohyrax arboreus) resembling the daman. Boom¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, booms. 2. (Zo”l.) A North American rodent, so named because ? is said to make a booming noise. See Sewellel. 3. (Zo”l.) A large male kangaroo. 4. One who works up a ½boom¸. [Slang, U. S.] Boom¶erÏang (?), n. A very singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood, from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and the manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a long distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and finally taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the place from which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of it. Boom¶ing, a. 1. Rushing with violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a hollow sound or note; roaring; resounding. O'er the seaÐbeat ships the booming waters roar. Falcone. 2. Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement; as, booming prices; booming popularity. [Colloq. U. S.] Boom¶ing, n. The act of producing a hollow or roaring sound; a violent rushing with heavy roar; as, the booming of the sea; a deep, h?llow sound; as, the booming of bitterns. Howitt. Boom¶kin (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Bumkin. Ø Boo¶moÏrah (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A small West African chevrotain (Hy‘moschus aquaticus), resembling the musk deer. Ø Boom¶slangÏe (?), n. [D. boom tree + slang snake.] (Zo”l.) A large South African tree snake (Bucephalus Capensis). Although considered venomous by natives, it has no poison fangs. Boon (?), n. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b?n; akin to Sw. & Dan. b?n, AS. b?n, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. ?86. See 2d Ban, Bounty.] 1. A prayer or petition. [Obs.] For which to God he made so many an idle boon. Spenser. 2. That which is asked or granted as a benefit or favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present. Every good gift and every perfect boon is from above. James i. 17 (Rev. Ver.). Boon, a. [F. bon. See Boon, n.] 1. Good; prosperous; as, boon voyage. [Obs.] 2. Kind; bountiful; benign. Which ... Nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain. Milton. 3. Gay; merry; jovial; convivial. A boon companion, loving his bottle. Arbuthnot. Boon, n. [Scot. boon, bune, been, Gael. & Ir. bunach coarse tow, fr. bun root, stubble.] The woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse matter by retting, braking, and scutching. Boor (?), n. [D. boer farmer, boor; akin to AS. geb?r countryman, G. bauer; fr. the root of AS. b?an to inhabit, and akin to E. bower, be. Cf. Neighbor, Boer, and Big to build.] 1. A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman. 2. A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer. 3. A rude illÏbred person; one who is clownish in manners. Boor¶ish, a. Like a boor; clownish; uncultured; unmannerly. Ð Boor¶ishÏly, adv. Ð Boor¶ishÏness, n. Which is in truth a gross and boorish opinion. Milton. Boort (?), n. See Bort. Boose (?), n. [AS. bÓs, bÓsig; akin to Icel. b¾ss, Sw. b†s, Dan. baas, stall, G. banse, Goth. bansts barn, Skr. bh¾sas stall. û252.] A stall or a crib for an ox, cow, or other animal. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Boose (?), v. i. To drink excessively. See Booze. Boos¶er (?), n. A toper; a guzzler. See Boozer. Boost (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boosting.] [Cf. Boast, v. i.] To lift or push

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from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement. [Colloq. U. S.] Boost (?), n. A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help. [Colloq. U. S.] Boot (?), n. [OE. bot, bote, adbantage, amends, cure, AS. b?t; akin to Icel. b?t, Sw. bot, Dan. bod, Goth. b?ta, D. boete, G. busse; prop., a making good or better, from the root of E. better, adj. ?255.] 1. Remedy; relief; amends; reparation; hence, one who brings relief. He gaf the sike man his boote. Chaucer. Thou art boot for many a bruise And healest many a wound. Sir W. Scott. Next her Son, our soul's best boot. Wordsworth. 2. That which is given to make an exchange equal, or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged. I'll give you boot, I'll give you three for one. Shak. 3. Profit; gain; advantage; use. [Obs.] Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot. Shak. To boot, in addition; over and above; besides; as a compensation for the difference of value between things bartered. Helen, to change, would give an eye to boot. Shak. A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his heaviness, and taken a crime to boot. Jer. Taylor. Boot, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.] 1. To profit; to advantage; to avail; Ð generally followed by it; as, what boots it? What booteth it to others that we wish them well, and do nothing for them? Hooker. What subdued To change like this a mind so far imbued With scorn of man, it little boots to know. Byron. What boots to us your victories? Southey. 2. To enrich; to benefit; to give in addition. [Obs.] And I will boot thee with what gift beside Thy modesty can beg. Shak. Boot, n. [OE. bote, OF. bote, F. botte, LL. botta; of uncertain origin.] 1. A covering for the foot and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made of leather. 2. An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly used to extort confessions, particularly in Scotland. So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the boots; for they put a pair of iron boots close on the leg, and drive wedges between them and the leg. Bp. Burnet. 3. A place at the side of a coach, where attendants rode; also, a low outside place before and behind the body of the coach. [Obs.] 4. A place for baggage at either end of an oldÐfashioned stagecoach. 5. An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth) for the driving seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and mud. 6. (Plumbing) The metal casing and flange fitted about a pipe where it passes through a roof. Boot catcher, the person at an inn whose business it was to pull off boots and clean them. [Obs.] Swift. Ð Boot closer, one who, or that which, sews the uppers of boots. Ð Boot crimp, a frame or device used by bootmakers for drawing and shaping the body of a boot. Ð Boot hook, a hook with a handle, used for pulling on boots. Ð Boots and ?addles (Cavalry Tactics), the trumpet call which is the first signal for mounted drill. Ð Sly boots. See Slyboots, in the Vocabulary. Boot, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.] 1. To put boots on, esp. for riding. Coated and booted for it. B. Jonson. 2. To punish by kicking with a booted foot. [U. S.] Boot, v. i. To boot one's self; to put on one's boots. Boot, n. Booty; spoil. [Obs. or R.] Shak. Boot¶black· (?), n. One who blacks boots. Boot¶ed (?), a. 1. Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; as, a booted squire. 2. (Zo”l.) Having an undivided, horny, bootlike covering; Ð said of the tarsus of some birds. BootÏee¶ (?), n. A half boot or short boot. Ø BoÏ”¶tes (?), n. [L. Bootes, Gr. ? herdsman, fr. ?, gen. ?, ox, cow.] (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing the bright star Arcturus. Booth (?), n. [OE. bothe; cf. Icel. b?, Dan. & Sw. bod, MHG. buode, G. bude, baude; from the same root as AS. b?an to dwell, E. boor, bower, be; cf. Bohem. bauda, Pol. buda, Russ. budka, Lith. buda, W. bwth, pl. bythod, Gael. buth, Ir. both.] 1. A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary occupation. Camden. 2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at a polling place. Boot¶hale· (?), v. t. & i. [Boot, for booty + hale.] To forage for booty; to plunder. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Boot¶hose· (?), n. 1. Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots. Shak. 2. Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers on horseback. Sir W. Scott. Booth¶y (?), n. See Bothy. Boot¶iÏkin (?), n. [Boot + Ïkin.] 1. A little boot, legging, or gaiter. 2. A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure for the gout. H. Walpole. Boot¶ing, n. Advantage; gain; gain by plunder; booty. [Obs.] Sir. J. Harrington. Boot¶ing, n. 1. A kind of torture. See Boot, n., 2. 2. A kicking, as with a booted foot. [U. S.] Boot¶jack· (?), n. A device for pulling off boots. Boot¶less (?), a. [From Boot profit.] Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or success. Chaucer. I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers. Shak. ÐBoot¶lessÏly, adv. Ð Boot¶lessÏness, n. Boot¶lick· (?), n. A toady. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett. Boot¶mak·er (?), n. One who makes boots. Ð Boot¶mak·ing, n. Boots (?), n. A servant at a hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the boots and shoes. Boot¶top·ping (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The act or process of daubing a vessel's bottom near the surface of the water with a mixture of tallow, sulphur, and resin, as a temporary protection against worms, after the slime, she?ls, etc., have been scraped off. 2. (Naut.) Sheathing a vessel with planking over felt. Boot¶tree· (?), n. [Boot + tree wood, timber.] An instrument to stretch and widen the log of a boot, consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven. The pretty boots trimly stretched on boottrees. Thackeray. Boo¶ty (?), n. [Cf. Icel. b?ti exchange, barter, Sw. byte barter, booty, Dan. bytte; akin to D. buit booty, G. beute, and fr. Icel. byta, Sw. byta, Dan. bytte, to distribute, exchange. The Scandinavian word was influenced in English by boot profit.] That which is seized by violence or obtained by robbery, especially collective spoil taken in war; plunder; pillage. Milton. To play booty, to play dishonestly, with an intent to lose; to allow one's adversary to win at cards at first, in order to induce him to continue playing and victimize him afterwards. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Booze (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boozed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boozing.] [D. buizen; akin to G. bausen, and perh. fr. D. buis tube, channel, bus box, jar.] To drink greedily or immoderately, esp. alcoholic liquor; to tipple. [Written also bouse, and boose.] Landor. This is better than boozing in public houses. H. R. Haweis. Booze, n. A carouse; a drinking. Sir W. Scott. Booz¶er (?), n. One who boozes; a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a bouser. Booz¶y (?), a. A little intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley. BoÏpeep¶ (?), n. [Bo + peep.] The act of looking out suddenly, as from behind a screen, so as to startle some one (as by children in play), or of looking out and drawing suddenly back, as if frightened. I for sorrow sung, That such a king should play bopeep, And go the fools among. Shak. Bor¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being bored. [R.] BoÏrach¶te (?), n. [Sp. borracha a leather bottle for wine, borracho drunk, fr. borra a lamb.] A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin of a goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard. [Obs.] You're an absolute borachio. Congreve. BoÏrac¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. boracique. See Borax.] Pertaining to, or produced from, borax; containing boron; boric; as, boracic acid. Bo¶raÏcite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with magnesium chloride. Bo¶raÏcous (?), a. (Chem.) Relating to, or obtained from, borax; containing borax. Bor¶age (?), n. [OE. borage (cf. F. bourrache, It. borraggine, borrace, LL. borago, borrago, LGr. ?), fr. LL. borra, F. bourre, hair of beasts, flock; so called from its hairy leaves.] (Bot.) A mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis), which is used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic. Bor¶ageÏwort· (?), n. Plant of the Borage family. BoÏrag·iÏna¶ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants (Boraginace‘) which includes the borage, heliotrope, beggar's lice, and many pestiferous plants. Bor·aÏgin¶eÏous (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to the Borage tribe; boraginaceous. Bor¶aÏmez (?), n. See Barometz. Bo¶rate (?), n. [From Boric.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical. Bo¶rax (?), n. [OE. boras, fr. F. borax, earlier spelt borras; cf. LL. borax, Sp. borraj; all fr. Ar. b?rag, fr. Pers. b?rah.] A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O. Borax bead. (Chem.) See Bead, n., 3. Bor¶boÏrygm (?), n. [F. borborygme, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to rumble in the bowels.] (Med.) A rumbling or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels. Dunglison. Bord (?), n. [See Board, n.] 1. A board; a table. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Mining) The face of coal parallel to the natural fissures. Bord (?), n. See Bourd. [Obs.] Spenser. Bord¶age (?), n. [LL. bordagium.] The base or servile tenure by which a bordar held his cottage. Bord¶ar (?), n. [LL. bordarius, fr. borda a cottage; of uncertain origin.] A villein who rendered menial service for his cottage; a cottier. The cottar, the bordar, and the laborer were bound to aid in the work of the home farm. J. R. Green. BorÏdeaux¶ (?), a. Pertaining to Bordeaux in the south of France. Ð n. A claret wine from Bordeaux. Bor¶del (?), BorÏdel¶lo (?), } n. [F. bordel, orig. a little hut, OF. borde hut, cabin, of German origin, and akin to E. board, n. See. Board, n.] A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ø Bor·deÏlais¶ (?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or to the district around Bordeaux. Bor¶delÏler (?), n. A keeper or a frequenter of a brothel. [Obs.] Gower. Bor¶der (?), n. [OE. bordure, F. bordure, fr. border to border, fr. bord a border; of German origin; cf. MHG. borte border, trimming, G. borte trimming, ribbon; akin to E. board in sense 8. See Board, n., and cf. Bordure.] 1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink. Upon the borders of these solitudes. Bentham. In the borders of death. Barrow. 2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a country; a frontier district. 3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as an ornament or finish. 4. A narrow flower bed. Border land, land on the frontiers of two adjoining countries; debatable land; Ð often used figuratively; as, the border land of science. Ð The Border, The Borders, specifically, the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie adjacent. Ð Over the border, across the boundary line or frontier. Syn. Ð Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine. Bor¶der, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bordered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bordering.] 1. To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; Ð with on or upon as, Connecticut borders on Massachusetts. 2. To approach; to come near to; to verge. Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly. Abp. Tillotson. Bor¶der, v. t. 1. To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden. 2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; as, the region borders a forest, or is bordered on the north by a forest. The country is bordered by a broad tract called the ½hot region.¸ Prescott. Shebah and Raamah ... border the sea called the Persian gulf. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Obs.] That nature, which contemns its origin, Can not be bordered certain in itself. Shak. Bor¶derÏer (?), n. One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place or region. Borderers of the Caspian. Dyer. Bord¶land· (?), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + land.] (O. Eng. Law) Either land held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for the maintenance of his board, or table. Spelman. Bord¶lode· (?), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + lode leading.] (O. Eng. Law) The service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from the woods to the lord's house. Bailey. Mozley & W. Bord¶man (?), n. [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + man.] A bordar; a tenant in bordage. Bord¶rag (?), Bord¶ra·ging (?), } n. [Perh. from OE. bord, for border + raging. Cf. Bodrage.] An incursion upon the borders of a country; a raid. [Obs.] Spenser. Bord¶ serv·ice (?). [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + service.] (O. Eng. Law) Service due from a bordar; bordage. Bor¶dure (?), n. [F. bordure. See Border, n.] (Her.) A border one fifth the width of the shield, surrounding the field. It is usually plain, but may be charged. Bore (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boring.] [OE. borien, AS. borian; akin to Icel. bora, Dan. bore, D. boren, OHG. por?n, G. bohren, L. forare, Gr. ? to plow, Zend bar. ?91.] 1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or through; to pierce; as, to bore a plank. I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be bored. Shak. 2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus; as, to bore a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole. Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can bore, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid wood. T. W. Harris. 3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; as, to bore one's way through a crowd; to force a narrow and difficult passage through. ½What bustling crowds I bored.¸ Gay. 4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester. He bores me with some trick. Shak. Used to come and bore me at rare intervals. Carlyle. 5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.] I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned, Baffled and bored, it seems. Beau. & Fl. Bore, v. i. 1. To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; as, to bore for water or oil (i. e., to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to bore with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as insects). 2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it turns; as, this timber does not bore well, or is hard to bore. 3. To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort. They take their flight ... boring to the west. Dryden.

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4. (Ma??) To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; ? said of a horse. Crabb. Bore (?), n. 1. A hole made by boring; a perforation. 2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube. The bores of wind instruments. Bacon. Love's counselor should fill the bores of hearing. Shak. 3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel; the caliber. 4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger. 5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.] Yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. Shak. 6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui. It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his own verses. Hawthorne. Bore, n. [Icel. b¾ra wave: cf. G. empor upwards, OHG. bor height, burren to lift, perh. allied to AS. beran, E. 1st bear. ?92.] (Physical Geog.) (a) A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in India, and the TsienÐtang, in China. (b) Less properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt, such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British Channel. Bore, imp. of 1st & 2d Bear. Bo¶reÏal (?), a. [L. borealis: cf. F. bor‚al. See Boreas.] Northern; pertaining to the north, or to the north wind; as, a boreal bird; a boreal blast. So from their own clear north in radiant streams, Bright over Europe bursts the boreal morn. Thomson. Ø Bo¶reÏas (?), n. [L. boreas, Gr. ?.] The north wind; Ð usually a personification. Bore¶cole· (?), n. [Cf. D. boerenkool (lit.) husbandman's cabbage.] A brassicaceous plant of many varieties, cultivated for its leaves, which are not formed into a compact head like the cabbage, but are loose, and are generally curled or wrinkled; kale. Bore¶dom (?), n. 1. The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of ennui. Dickens. 2. The realm of bores; bores, collectively. BoÏree¶ (?), n. Same as Bourr‚. [Obs.] Swift. Bor¶el (?), n. See Borrel. Bor¶eÏle (?), n. (Zo”l.) The smaller twoÐhorned rhinoceros of South Africa (Atelodus bicornis). Bor¶er (?), n. 1. One that bores; an instrument for boring. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) A marine, bivalve mollusk, of the genus Teredo and allies, which burrows in wood. See Teredo. (b) Any bivalve mollusk (Saxicava, Lithodomus, etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances. (c) One of the larv‘ of many species of insects, which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See Apple borer, under Apple. (d) The hagfish (Myxine). Bo¶ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, boron. Boric acid, a white crystalline substance B(OH)3, easily obtained from its salts, and occurring in solution in the hot lagoons of Tuscany. Bo¶ride (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of boron with a more positive or basic element or radical; Ð formerly called boruret. Bor¶ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of one who, or that which, bores; as, the boring of cannon; the boring of piles and ship timbers by certain marine mollusks. One of the most important applications of boring is in the formation of artesian wells. Tomlinson. 2. A hole made by boring. 3. pl. The chips or fragments made by boring. Boring bar, a revolving or stationary bar, carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing round holes. Ð Boring tool (Metal Working), a cutting tool placed in a cutter head to dress round holes. Knight. Born (?), p. p. & a. [See Bear, v. t.] 1. Brought forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by birth. No one could be born into slavery in Mexico. Prescott. 2. Having from birth a certain character; by or from birth; by nature; innate; as, a born liar. ½A born matchmaker.¸ W. D. Howells. Born again (Theol.), regenerated; renewed; having received spiritual life. ½Except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.¸ John iii. 3. Ð Born days, days since one was born; lifetime. [Colloq.] Borne (?), p. p. of Bear. Carried; conveyed;; supported; defrayed. See Bear, v. t. Bor¶neÏol (?), n. [Borneo + Ïol.] (Chem.) A rare variety of camphor, C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also Borneo camphor, Malay camphor, and camphol. Bor¶nite (?), n. [Named after Von Born, a mineralogist.] (Min.) A valuable ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur; Ð also called purple copper ore (or erubescite), in allusion to the colors shown upon the slightly tarnished surface. Bo·roÏflu¶orÏide (?), n. [Boron + fluoride.] (Chem.) A double fluoride of boron and hydrogen, or some other positive element, or radical; Ð called also fluoboride, and formerly fluoborate. Bo¶roÏglyc¶erÏide (?), n. [Boron + glyceride.] (Chem.) A compound of boric acid and glycerin, used as an antiseptic. Bo¶ron (?), n. [See Borax.] (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring abundantly in borax. It is reduced with difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in several different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color, in a semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar to the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals. Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B. Bo¶roÏsil¶iÏcate (?), n. [Boron + silicate.] (Chem.) A double salt of boric and silicic acids, as in the natural minerals tourmaline, datolite, etc. Bor¶ough (?), n. [OE. burgh, burw, boru, port, town, burrow, AS. burh, burg; akin to Icel., Sw., & Dan. borg, OS. & D. burg, OHG. puruc, purc, MHG. burc, G. burg, Goth. ba£rgs; and from the root of AS. beorgan to hide, save, defend, G. bergen; or perh. from that of AS. beorg hill, mountain. ?95. See Bury, v. t., and cf. Burrow, Burg, Bury, n., Burgess, Iceberg, Borrow, Harbor, Hauberk.] 1. In England, an incorporated town that is not a city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland, a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction; in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Burrill. Erskine. 2. The collective body of citizens or inhabitants of a borough; as, the borough voted to lay a tax. Close borough, or Pocket borough, a borough having the right of sending a member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a single person. Ð Rotten borough, a name given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the privilege of sending a member to Parliament. Bor¶ough, n. [See Borrow.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the king for the good behavior of each other. (b) The pledge or surety thus given. Blackstone. Tomlins. Bor¶oughÐEng¶lish (?), n. (Eng. Law) A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the eldest; or, if the owner have no issue, to the youngest brother. Blackstone. Bor¶oughÏhead· (?), n. See Headborough. [Obs.] Bor¶oughÏhold¶er (?), n. A headborough; a borsholder. Bor¶oughÏmas¶ter (?), n. [Cf. Burgomaster.] The mayor, governor, or bailiff of a borough. Bor¶oughÏmon¶ger (?), n. One who buys or sells the parliamentary seats of boroughs. Bor¶oughÏmon¶gerÏing, Bor¶oughÏmon¶gerÏy (?), n. The practices of a boroughmonger. BorÏrach¶o (?), n. See Borachio. [Obs.] Bor¶rage (?), n., BorÏrag·iÏna¶ceous (?), a., etc. See Borage, n., etc. Bor¶rel (?), n. [OF. burel a kind of coarse woolen cloth, fr. F. bure drugget. See Bureau. Rustic and common people dressed in this cloth, which was prob. so called from its color.] 1. Coarse woolen cloth; hence, coarse clothing; a garment. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A kind of light stuff, of silk and wool. Bor¶rel, a. [Prob. from Borrel, n.] Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the laity. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bor¶row (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Borrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Borrowing.] [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. ?95. See 1st Borough.] 1. To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; Ð the opposite of lend. 2. (Arith.) To take (one or more) from the next higher denomination in order to add it to the next lower; Ð a term of subtraction when the figure of the subtrahend is larger than the corresponding one of the minuend. 3. To copy or imitate; to adopt; as, to borrow the style, manner, or opinions of another. Rites borrowed from the ancients. Macaulay. It is not hard for any man, who hath a Bible in his hands, to borrow good words and holy sayings in abundance; but to make them his own is a work of grace only from above. Milton. 4. To feign or counterfeit. ½Borrowed hair.¸ Spenser. The borrowed majesty of England. Shak. 5. To receive; to take; to derive. Any drop thou borrowedst from thy mother. Shak. To borrow trouble, to be needlessly troubled; to be overapprehensive. Bor¶row, n. 1. Something deposited as security; a pledge; a surety; a hostage. [Obs.] Ye may retain as borrows my two priests. Sir W. Scott. 2. The act of borrowing. [Obs.] Of your royal presence I'll adventure The borrow of a week. Shak. Bor¶rowÏer (?), n. One who borrows. Neither a borrower nor a lender be. Shak. Bors¶hold·er (?), n. [OE. borsolder; prob. fr. AS. borg, gen. borges, pledge + ealdor elder. See Borrow, and Elder, a.] (Eng. Law) The head or chief of a tithing, or borough (see 2d Borough); the headborough; a parish constable. Spelman. Bort (?), n. Imperfectly crystallized or coarse diamonds, or fragments made in cutting good diamonds which are reduced to powder and used in lapidary work. Bo¶ruÏret (?), n. (Chem.) A boride. [Obs.] Bor¶we (?), n. Pledge; borrow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø Bos (?), n. [L., ox, cow.] (Zo”l.) A genus of ruminant quadrupeds, including the wild and domestic cattle, distinguished by a stout body, hollow horns, and a large fold of skin hanging from the neck. Ø Bo¶sa (?), n. [Ar. b?za, Pers. b?zah: cf. F. bosan.] A drink, used in the East. See Boza. Bos¶cage (?), n. [OF. boscage grove, F. bocage, fr. LL. boscus, buscus, thicket, wood. See 1st Bush.] 1. A growth of trees or shrubs; underwood; a thicket; thick foliage; a wooded landscape. 2. (O. Eng. Law) Food or sustenance for cattle, obtained from bushes and trees; also, a tax on wood. Bosh (?), n. [Cf. G. posse joke, trifle; It. bozzo a rough stone, bozzetto a rough sketch, sÏbozzo a rough draught, sketch.] Figure; outline; show. [Obs.] Bosh, n. [Turk.] Empty talk; contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug. [Colloq.] Bosh, n.; pl. Boshes (?). [Cf. G. b”schung a slope.] 1. One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a blast furnace; also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the bed of a puddling or boiling furnace. 2. pl. The lower part of a blast furnace, which slopes inward, or the widest space at the top of this part. 3. In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools and ingots are cooled. Ø Bosh¶bok (?), n. [D. bosch wood + bok buck.] (Zo”l.) A kind of antelope. See Bush buck. Ø Bosh¶vark (?), n. [D. bosch wood + varken pig.] (Zo”l.) The bush hog. See under Bush, a thicket. Ø Bos¶jesÏman (?), n.; pl. Bosjesmans. [D. boschjesman.] See Bushman. Bosk (?), n. [See Bosket.] A thicket; a small wood. ½Through bosk and dell.¸ Sir W. Scott. Bos¶kage (?), n. Same as Boscage. Thridding the somber boskage of the wood. Tennyson. Bos¶ket, Bos¶quet (?), n. [F. bosquet a little wood, dim. fr. LL. boscus. See Boscage, and cf. Bouquet.] (Gardening) A grove; a thicket; shrubbery; an inclosure formed by branches of trees, regularly or irregularly disposed. Bosk¶iÏness (?), n. Boscage; also, the state or quality of being bosky. Bosk¶y (?), a. [Cf. Bushy.] 1. Woody or bushy; covered with boscage or thickets. Milton. 2. Caused by boscage. Darkened over by long bosky shadows. H. James. Bos¶om (?), n. [AS. b?sm; akin to D. bozem, Fries. b?sm, OHG. puosum, G. busen, and prob. E. bough.] 1. The breast of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything is pressed when embraced by them. You must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shak. 2. The breast, considered as the seat of the passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness; se??et thoughts. Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it. Shak. If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom. Job xxxi. 33. 3. Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure; fold. Within the bosom of that church. Hooker. 4. Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; as, the bosom of the earth. ½The bosom of the ocean.¸ Addison. 5. The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the breast; as, the bosom of a shirt; a linen bosom. He put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. Ex.iv. 6. 6. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Shak. 7. A depression round the eye of a millstone. Knight. Bos¶om, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the bosom. 2. Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted; cherished; beloved; as, a bosom friend. Bos¶om, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bosomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bosoming.] 1. To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish. Bosom up my counsel, You'll find it wholesome. Shak. 2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom. To happy convents bosomed deep in vines. Pope. Bos¶omed (?), a. Having, or resembling, bosom; kept in the bosom; hidden. Bos¶omÏy (?), a. Characterized by recesses or sheltered hollows. Bo¶son (?), n. See Boatswain. [Obs.] Dryden. BosÏpo¶riÏan (?), a. [L. Bosporus, G. ?, lit., oxÏford, the ox's or heifer's ford, on account of Io's passage here as a heifer; fr. ? ox, heifer + ? ford.] Of or pertaining to the Thracian or the Cimmerian Bosporus. The Alans forced the Bosporian kings to pay them tribute and exterminated the Taurians. Tooke. Bos¶poÏrus (?), n. [L.] A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a seas; as, the Bosporus (formerly the Thracian Bosporus) or Strait of Constantinople, between the Black Sea and Sea of Marmora; the Cimmerian Bosporus, between the Black Sea and Sea of Azof. [Written also Bosphorus.] Bos¶quet (?), n. See Bosket. Boss (?), n.; pl. Bosses (?). [OE. boce, bose, boche, OF. boce, boche, bosse, F. bosse, of G. origin; cf. OHG. bÓzo tuft, bunch, OHG. bÓzan, MHG. b“zen, to beat. See Beat, and cf. Botch a swelling.] 1. Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or body; a knoblike process; as, a boss of wood. 2. A protuberant ornament on any work, either of different material from that of the work or of the same, as

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upon a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a shield. See Umbilicus. 3. (Arch.) A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat, and in other situations. 4. [Cf. D. bus box, Dan. b”sse.] A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder. Gwilt. 5. (Mech.) (a) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at the end, where it is coupled to another. (b) A swage or die used for shaping metals. 6. A head or reservoir of water. [Obs.] Boss (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bossing.] [OE. bocen, fr. OF. bocier. See the preceding word.] To ornament with bosses; to stud. Boss, n. [D. baas master.] A master workman or superintendent; a director or manager; a political dictator. [Slang, U. S.] Boss¶age (?), n. [F. bossage, fr. bosse. See Boss a stud.] 1. (Arch.) A stone in a building, left rough and projecting, to be afterward carved into shape. Gwilt. 2. (Arch.) Rustic work, consisting of stones which seem to advance beyond the level of the building, by reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings. Gwilt. Bossed (?), a. Embossed; also, bossy. Bos¶set (?), n. [Cf. Boss a stud.] (Zo”l.) A rudimental antler of a young male of the red deer. Boss¶ism (?), n. The rule or practices of bosses, esp. political bosses. [Slang, U. S.] Boss¶y (?), a. Ornamented with bosses; studded. Bos¶sy, n. [Dim. fr. Prov. E. boss in bossÐcalf, bussÐcalf, for booseÐcalf, prop., a calf kept in the stall. See 1st Boose.] A cor or calf; Ð familiarly so called. [U. S.] Bos¶ton (?), n. A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fiftyÐtwo cards each; Ð said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French army in America during the Revolutionary war. BosÏwell¶iÏan (?), a. Relating to, or characteristic of, Boswell, the biographer of Dr. Johnson. Bos¶wellÏism (?), n. The style of Boswell. Bot (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Bots. BoÏtan¶ic (?), BoÏtan¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. botanique. See Botany.] Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; as, a botanical system, arrangement, textbook, expedition. Ð Botan¶icÏalÏly, adv. Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany. Ð Botanic physician, a physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and roots. Bot¶aÏnist (?), n. [Cf. F. botaniste.] One skilled in botany; one versed in the knowledge of plants. Bot¶aÏnize (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Botanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Botanizing (?).] [Cf. F. botaniser.] To seek after plants for botanical investigation; to study plants. Bot¶aÏnize, v. t. To explore for botanical purposes. Bot¶aÏni·zer (?), n. One who botanizes. Bot·aÏnol¶oÏger (?), n. A botanist. [Obs.] Bot·aÏnol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Botany + Ïlogy: cf. F. botanologie.] The science of botany. [Obs.] Bailey. Bot¶aÏnoÏman·cy (?), n. [Botany + Ïmancy: cf. F. botanomantie.] An ancient species of divination by means of plants, esp. sage and fig leaves. Bot¶aÏny (?), n.; pl. Botanies (?). [F. botanique, a. & n., fr. Gr. ? botanic, fr. ? herb, plant, fr. ? to feed, graze.] 1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See Plant. 2. A book which treats of the science of botany. µ Botany is divided into various departments; as, Structural Botany, which investigates the structure and organic composition of plants; Physiological Botany, the study of their functions and life; and Systematic Botany, which has to do with their classification, description, nomenclature, etc. Bot¶aÏny Bay¶ (?). A harbor on the east coast of Australia, and an English convict settlement there; Ð so called from the number of new plants found on its shore at its discovery by Cook in 1770. Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort. Botany Bay kino (Med.), an astringent, reddish substance consisting of the inspissated juice of several Australian species of Eucalyptus. Ð Botany Bay resin (Med.), a resin of reddish yellow color, resembling gamboge, the product of different Australian species of Xanthorrh‘a, esp. the grass three (X. hastilis.) BoÏtar¶go (?), n. [It. bottarga, bottarica; or Sp. botarga; a kind of large sausages, a sort of wide breeches: cf. F. boutargue.] A sort of cake or sausage, made of the salted roes of the mullet, much used on the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to drink. Botch (?), n.; pl. Botches (?). [Same as Boss a stud. For senses 2 & 3 cf. D. botsen to beat, akin to E. beat.] 1. A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an eruptive disease. [Obs. or Dial.] Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton. 2. A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched or ?ended in a clumsy manner. 3. Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy performance; a piece of work, or a place in work, marred in the doing, or not properly finished; a bungle. To leave no rubs nor botches in the work. Shak. Botch, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Botched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Botching.] [See Botch, n.] 1. To mark with, or as with, botches. Young Hylas, botched with stains. Garth. 2. To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or imperfect manner, as a garment; Ð sometimes with up. Sick bodies ... to be kept and botched up for a time. Robynson (More's Utopia). 3. To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to express or perform in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by unskillful work. For treason botched in rhyme will be thy bane. Dryden. Botch¶edÏly (?), adv. In a clumsy manner. Botch¶er (?), n. 1. One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler. Shak. 2. A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler. 3. (Zo”l.) A young salmon; a grilse. Botch¶erÏly, a. Bungling; awkward. [R.] Botch¶erÏy (?), n. A botching, or that which is done by botching; clumsy or careless workmanship. Botch¶y (?), a. Marked with botches; full of botches; poorly done. ½This botchy business.¸ Bp. Watson. Bote (?), n. [Old form of boot; Ð used in composition. See 1st Boot.] (Law) (a) Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; as, man bote, a compensation or a man slain. (b) Payment of any kind. Bouvier. (c) A privilege or allowance of necessaries. µ This word is still used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers, supplies, necessaries; as, housebote, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or for fuel, sometimes called firebote; so plowbote, cartbote, wood for making or repairing instruments of husbandry; haybote or hedgebote, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These were privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system. Burrill. Bouvier. Blackstone. Bote¶less, a. Unavailing; in vain. See Bootless. Bot¶fly· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A dipterous insect of the family ( Estrid‘, of many different species, some of which are particularly troublesome to domestic animals, as the horse, ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their eggs. A common species is one of the botflies of the horse (Gastrophilus equi), the larv‘ of which (bots) are taken into the stomach of the animal, where they live several months and pass through their larval states. In tropical America one species sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the stomach. See Gadfly. Both (?), a. or pron. [OE. bothe, ba?e, fr. Icel. b¾?ir; akin to Dan. baade, Sw. b†da, Goth. baj??s, OHG. beid?, b?d?, G. & D. beide, also AS. begen, b¾, b?, Goth. bai, and Gr. ?, L. ambo, Lith. ab…, OSlav. oba, Skr. ubha. ?310. Cf. AmbÐ.] The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception of either. µ It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as, both horses ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it is used substantively, and followed by of. It frequently stands as a pronoun. She alone is heir to both of us. Shak. Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 27. He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both. Bolingbroke. It is often used in apposition with nouns or pronouns. Thy weal and woe are both of them extremes. Shak. This said, they both betook them several ways. Milton. Both now always precedes any other attributive words; as, both their armies; both our eyes. Both of is used before pronouns in the objective case; as, both of us, them, whom, etc.; but before substantives its used is colloquial, both (without of) being the preferred form; as, both the brothers. Both, conj. As well; not only; equally. Both precedes the first of two co”rdinate words or phrases, and is followed by and before the other, both ... and ...; as well the one as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two co”rdinate words, connected by and expressed or understood. To judge both quick and dead. Milton. A masterpiece both for argument and style. Goldsmith. To whom bothe heven and erthe and see is sene. Chaucer. Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound. Goldsmith. He prayeth well who loveth well Both man and bird and beast. Coleridge. Both¶er (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bothering.] [Cf. Ir. buaidhirt trouble, buaidhrim I vex.] To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex. See Pother. µ The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation mildly imprecatory. Both¶er, v. i. To feel care or anxiety; to make or take trouble; to be troublesome. Without bothering about it. H. James. Both¶er, n. One who, or that which, bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry; disturbance; petty trouble; as, to be in a bother. Both·erÏa¶tion (?), n. The act of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble; perplexity; annoyance; vexation. [Colloq.] Both¶erÏer (?), n. One who bothers. Both¶erÏsome (?), a. Vexatious; causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome. Both¶Ðhands· (?), n. A factotum. [R.] He is his master's bothÐhands, I assure you. B. Jonson. Both¶ie (?), n. Same as Bothy. [Scot.] Both¶niÏan (?), Both¶nic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or to a gulf of the same name which forms the northern part of the Baltic sea. Ø BothÏren¶chyÏma (?), n. [Gr. ? pit + ? something poured in. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.) Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in many kinds of wood. Both¶y (?) Booth¶y (?) n.; pl. Ïies (?) [Scottish. Cf. Booth.] A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a booth. [Scot.] Ø Bo·toÏcu¶dos (?), n. pl. [Pg. botoque stopple. So called because they wear a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.] A Brazilian tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; Ð also called Aymbor‚s. Bo¶ tree· (?). (Bot.) The peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under which Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so to have become Buddha. The sacred bo tree of the Buddhists (Ficus religiosa), which is planted close to every temple, and attracts almost as much veneration as the status of the god himself ....It differs from the banyan (Ficus Indica) by sending down no roots from its branches. Tennent. Bot¶ryÏoÏgen (?), n. [Gr. ? cluster of grapes + Ïgen.] (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red color. It often occurs in botryoidal form. Bot¶ryÏoid (?), Bot·ryÏoid¶al (?), } a. [Gr. ? cluster of grapes + Ïoid.] Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal prominences. Bot¶ryÏoÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ? cluster of grapes + Ïlite.] (Min.) A variety of datolite, usually having a botryoidal structure. Bot¶ryÏose· (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having the form of a cluster of grapes. (b) Of the racemose or acropetal type of inflorescence. Gray. Bots (?), n. pl. [Cf. Gael. botus belly worm, boiteag maggot.] (Zo”l.) The larv‘ of several species of botfly, especially those larv‘ which infest the stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the cause of various ailments. [Written also botts.] See Illust. of Botfly. BotÏtine¶ (?), n. [F. See Boot (for the foot.).] 1. A small boot; a lady's boot. 2. An appliance resembling a small boot furnished with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent distortions in the lower extremities of children. Dunglison. Bot¶tle (?), n. [OE. bote, botelle, OF. botel, bouteille, F. bouteille, fr. LL. buticula, dim. of butis, buttis, butta, flask. Cf. Butt a cask.] 1. A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware (but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for holding liquids. 2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; as, to drink a bottle of wine. 3. Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; as, to drown one's reason in the bottle. µ Bottle is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Bottle ale, bottled ale. [Obs.] Shak. Ð Bottle brush, a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of bottles. Ð Bottle fish (Zo”l.), a kind of deepÐsea eel (Saccopharynz ampullaceus), remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow fishes two or three times its won size. Ð Bottle flower. (Bot.) Same as Bluebottle. Ð Bottle glass, a coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles. Ure. Ð Bottle gourd (Bot.), the common gourd or calabash (Lagenaria Vulgaris), whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc. Ð Bottle grass (Bot.), a nutritious fodder grass (Setaria glauca and S. viridis); Ð called also foxtail, and green foxtail. Ð Bottle tit (Zo”l.), the European longÐtailed titmouse; Ð so called from the shape of its nest. Ð Bottle tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Sterculia rupestris), with a bottleÐshaped, or greatly swollen, trunk. Ð Feeding bottle, Nursing bottle, a bottle with a rubber nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding infants. Bot¶tle, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bottled (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Bottling (?).] To put into bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or restrain as in a bottle; as, to bottle wine or porter; to bottle up one's wrath. Bot¶tle, n. [OE. botel, OF. botel, dim. of F. botte; cf. OHG. bozo bunch. See Boss stud.] A bundle, esp. of hay. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Shak. Bot¶tled (?), a. 1. Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in, a bottle. 2. Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant. Shak. Bot¶tle green· (?). A dark shade of green, like that of bottle glass. Ð Bot¶tleÐgreen·, a. Bot¶tleÏhead· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A cetacean allied to the grampus; Ð called also bottleÏnosed whale<-- bottle-nosed dolphin?-->. µ There are several species so named, as the pilot whales, of the genus Globicephalus, and one or more species of Hypero”don (H. bidens, etc.), found on the European coast. See Blackfish, 1. Bot¶tleÏhold·er (?), n. 1. One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; Ð so called from the bottle of water of which he has charge. 2. One who assists or supports another in a contest; an abettor; a backer. [Colloq.] Lord Palmerston considered himself the bottleholder of oppressed states. The London Times. Bot¶tleÐnose· (?), a. Having the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end. Dickens. Bot¶tler (?), n. One who bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc. Bot¶tleÏscrew· (?) n. A corkscrew. Swift. Bot¶tling (?) n. The act or the process of

<-- p. 170 -->

? anything into bottles (as beer, mineral water, etc., and corking the bottles.

Bot¶tom (?), n. [OE. botum, botme, AS. botm; ?akin to OS. bodom, D. bodem, OHG. podam, G. boden, Icel. botn, Sw. botten, Dan. bund (for budn ), L. fundus (for fudnus), Gr.? (for ?), Skr. budhna (for ?hudhna), and Ir. bonn sole of the foot, W. bon stem, ?base. + 257. Cf. 4th Found, Fund, n.] 1. The lowest part of anything; the foot; as, the bottom of a tree or well; the bottom of a hill, a lane, or a page. Or dive into the bottom of the deep. Shak. 2. The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface. Barrels with the bottom knocked out. Macaulay. No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and leather bottoms and worsted bottoms. W.Irving. 3. That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork. 4. The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea. 5. The fundament; the buttocks. 6. An abyss. [Obs.] Dryden. 7. Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; lowÐlying ground; a dale; a valley. ½The bottoms and the high grounds.¸ Stoddard. 8. (Naut.) The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship. My ventures are not in one bottom trusted. Shak. Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the same bottoms in which they were shipped. Bancroft. Full bottom, a hull of such shape as permits carrying a large amount of merchandise. 9. Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good bottom. 10. Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment. Johnson. At bottom, At the bottom, at the foundation or basis; in reality. ½He was at the bottom a good man.¸ J.F.Cooper. Ð To be at the bottom of, to be the cause or originator of; to be the source of. [Usually in an opprobrious sense.] J.H.Newman. He was at the bottom of many excellent counsels. Addison. ÐTo go to the bottom, to sink; esp. to be wrecked. Ð To touch bottom, to reach the lowest point; to find something on which to rest. Bot¶tom, a. Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as, bottom rock; the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom prices. Bottom glade, a low glade or open place; a valley; a dale. Milton. ÐBottom grass, grass growing on bottom lands.Ð Bottom land. See 1st Bottom, n., 7.? Bot¶tom, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bottomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bottoming.] 1. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; Ð followed by on or upon. Action is supposed to be bottomed upon principle. Atterbury. Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many bottom their eternal state. South. 2. To furnish with a bottom; as, to bottom a chair. 3. To reach or get to the bottom of. Smiles. Bot¶tom, v. i. 1. To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; Ð usually with on or upon. Find on what foundation any proposition bottoms. Locke. 2. To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder. Bot¶tom, n. [OE. botme, perh. corrupt. for button. See Button.] A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon. [Obs.] Silkworms finish their bottoms in ... fifteen days. Mortimer. Bot¶tom, v. t. To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. [Obs.] As you unwind her love from him, Lest it should ravel and be good to none, You must provide to bottom it on me. Shak. Bot¶tomed (?), a. Having at the bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom; grounded; Ð mostly,? in composition; as, sharpÐbottomed; wellÐbottomed. Bot¶tomÏless, a. Without a bottom; hence, fathomless; baseless; as, a bottomless abyss. ½Bottomless speculations.¸ Burke. But¶tomÏry (?), n. [From 1st Bottom in sense 8: cf.D. bodemerij. Cf. Bummery.] (Mar.Law) A contract in the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a ship, or the master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship (and sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates her voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the sea, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium stipulated, although it may, and usually does, exceed he legal rate of interest. See Hypothecation. Bot¶tonÏy (?), Bot¶toÏn‚ (?),} a. [F. boutonn‚, fr. boutonner to bud, button.] (Her.) Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. Cross bottony (Her.), a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil. Botts (?), n. pl. (Zo”l.) See Bots. Bot¶uÏliÏform· (?), a. [L. botulus sausage + Ð form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of a sausage. Henslow. ØBouche (?), n. [F.] Same as Bush, a lining. Bouche, v.t. Same as Bush, to line. ØBouche, Bouch } (?), n. [F. bouche mouth, victuals.] 1. A mouth. [Obs.] 2. An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of inferior officers or servants in a nobleman's palace or at court. [Obs.] ØBou·ch‚es¶ (?), n. pl. [F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. bouche mouth.] (Cookery) Small patties. Boud (?), n. A weevil; a worm that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc. [Obs.] Tusser. ØBou¶doir¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.] A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper. ØBouffe (?), n. [F., buffoon.] Comic opera. See Opera Bouffe. ØBou·gainÏvilÏl‘·a (?), n. [Named from Bougainville, the French navigator.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the order Nyctoginace‘, from tropical South America, having the flowers surrounded by large bracts. Bouge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bouged (?)] [Variant of bulge. Cf. Bowge.] 1. To swell out. [Obs.] 2. To bilge. [Obs.] ½Their ship bouged.¸ Hakluyt. Bouge, v. t. To stave in; to bilge. [Obs.] Holland. Bouge, n. [F. bouche mouth, victuals.] Bouche (see Bouche, 2?); food and drink; provisions. [Obs.] [They] made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country lady or two, that fainted ... with fasting. B.Jonson. Bou¶get (?), n. [Cf. F. bougette sack, bag. Cf. Budget.] (Her.) A charge representing a leather vessel for carrying water; Ð also called water bouget. Bough (?), n. [OE. bogh, AS. b”?g, b”h?, bough, shoulder; akin to Icel. b”?gr shoulder, bow of a ship, Sw. bog, Dan. bov, OHG. buog, G. bug, and to Gr.? ( for ? ) forearm, Skr. b„?hu (for bh„?ghu) arm. ?88, 251. Cf. Bow of a ship.] 1. An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or main branch. 2. A gallows. [Archaic] Spenser. Bought (?), n. [Cf. Dan. bugt bend, turning, Icel. bug?a. Cf. Bight, Bout, and see Bow to bend.] 1. A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as in a rope; as the boughts of a serpent. [Obs.] Spenser. The boughts of the fore legs. Sir T.Browne. 2. The part of a sling that contains the stone. [Obs.] Bought (?), imp & p.p. of Buy. Bought, p.a. Purchased; bribed. Bought¶en (?), a. Purchased; not obtained or produced at home. Coleridge.

Bought¶y (?), a. Bending. [Obs.] Sherwood. ØBouÏgie¶ (?), n. [F. bougie wax candle, bougie, fr. Bougie, Bugia, a town of North Africa, from which these candles were first imported into Europe.] 1. (Surg.) A long, flexible instrument, that is introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made of waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form. 2. (Pharm.) A long slender rod consisting of gelatin or some other substance that melts at the temperature of the body. It is impregnated with medicine, and designed for introduction into urethra, etc. ØBou·illi¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouillir to boil.] (Cookery) Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or soup has been made. ØBou·illon¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouillir to boil.] 1. A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef, or other meat, in water; a clear soup or broth. 2. (Far.) An excrescence on a horse's frush or frog. Bouk (?), n. [AS. bc? belly; akin to G. bauch, Icel. b?kr body.] 1. The body. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Bulk; volume. [Scot.] Boul (?), n. A curved handle. Sir W.Scott. BouÏlan¶gerÏite (?), n. [From Boulanger, a French mineralogist.] (Min.) A mineral of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, usually in plumose masses, also compact.It is sulphide of antimony and lead. Bul¶der (?), n. Same as Bowlder. Boul¶derÏy (?), a. Characterized by bowlders. Boule (?), Boule¶work· (?), n. Same as Buhl, Buhlwork. ØBou¶leÏvard· (?), n. [F. boulevard, boulevart, fr. G. bollwerk. See Bulwark.] 1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified town. 2. A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city. ØBoule·verse·ment¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouleverser to overthrow.] Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down. Buolt (?), n. Corrupted form Bolt. Boul¶tel (?), Boul¶tin (?), n. (Arch.) (a) A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle, being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman Doric capital; a torus; an ovolo. (b) One of the shafts of a clustered column. [Written also bowtel, boltel, boultell, etc.] Boul¶ter (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A long, stout fishing line to which many hooks are attached. Boun (?), a. [See Bound ready.] Ready; prepared; destined; tending. [Obs.] Chaucer. Boun, v.t. To make or get ready. Sir W.Scott. Bounce (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bounced (?); p.pr. & vb. n. Bouncing (?).] [OE. bunsen; cf. D. bonzen to strike, bounce, bons blow, LG. bunsen to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a knock loudly. Another bounces as hard as he can knock. Swift. Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart. Dryden. 2. To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously; to bound; as, she bounced into the room. Out bounced the mastiff. Swift. Bounced off his arm+chair. Thackeray. 3. To boast; to talk big; to bluster. [Obs.] Bounce, v.t. 1. To drive against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump. Swift. 2. To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to toss. 3. To eject violently, as from a ?room; to discharge unceremoniously, as from employment. [Collog. U. S.] 4. To bully; to scold. [Collog.] J.Fletcher. Bounce (?), n. 1. A sudden leap or bound; a rebound. 2. A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or thump. The bounce burst open the door. Dryden. 3. An explosion, or the noise of one. [Obs.] 4. Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer. Johnson. De Quincey.? 5. (Zo”l.) A dogfish of Europe (Scyllium catulus). Bounce, adv. With a sudden leap; suddenly. This impudent puppy comes bounce in upon me. Bickerstaff. Boun¶cer (?), n. 1. One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise in moving. 2. A boaster; a bully. [Collog.] Johnson. 3. A bold lie; also, a liar. [Collog.] Marryat. 4. Something big; a good stout example of the kind. The stone must be a bouncer. De Quincey. Boun¶cing (?), a. 1. Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom. Many tall and bouncing young ladies. Thackeray. 2. Excessive; big. ½A bouncing reckoning.¸ B. & Fl.? Bouncing Bet (Bot.), the common soapwort (Saponaria officinalis). Harper's Mag. Boun¶cingÏly, adv. With a bounce. Bound (?), n. [OE. bounde, bunne, OF. bonne, bonde, bodne, F. borne, fr. LL. bodina, bodena, bonna; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bonn boundary, limit, and boden, bod, a tuft or cluster of trees, by which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf. Bourne.] The external or limiting line, either real or imaginary, of any object or space; that which limits or restrains, or within which something is limited or restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary. He hath compassed the waters with bounds. Job xxvi. 10. On earth's remotest bounds. Campbell. And mete the bounds of hate and love. Tennyson. To keep within bounds, not to exceed or pass beyond assigned limits; to act with propriety or discretion. Syn. Ð See Boundary. Bound, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bounded; p.pr. & vb. n. Bounding.] 1. To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension of; Ð said of natural or of moral objects; to lie along, or form, a boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe; to restrain; to confine. Where full measure only bounds excess. Milton. Phlegethon . . . Whose fiery flood the burning empire bounds. Dryden. 2. To name the boundaries of; as, to bound France. Bound, v.i. [F. bondir to leap, OF. bondir, bundir, to leap, resound, fr. L. bombitare to buzz, hum?, fr. bombus a humming, buzzing. See Bomb.] 1. To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a succession of springs or leaps; as the beast bounded from his den; the herd bounded across the plain. Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds. Pope. And the waves bound beneath me as a steed That knows his rider. Byron. 2. To rebound, as an elastic ball. Bound, v.t. 1. To make to bound or leap; as, to bound a horse. [R.] Shak. 2. To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; as, to bound a ball on the floor. [Collog.] Bound, n. 1. A leap; an elastic spring; a jump. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. 2. Rebound; as, the bound of a ball. Johnson. 3. (Dancing) Spring from one foot to the other. Bound, imp. & p. p. of Bind. Bound, p. p. & a. 1. Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the like. 2. Inclosed in a binding or cover; as, a bound volume. 3. Under legal or moral restraint or obligation. 4. Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; Ð followed by the infinitive; as, he is bound to succeed; he is bound to fail. 5. Resolved; as, I am bound to do it. [Collog. U. S.] 6. Constipated; costive. µ Used also in composition; as, icebound, windbound, hidebound, etc. Bound bailiff (Eng. Law), a sheriff's officer who serves writs, makes arrests, etc. The sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's misdemeanors, the bailiff is usually under bond for the faithful discharge of his trust. Ð Bound up in, entirely devoted to; inseparable from. Bound, a. [Past p. of OE. bounen to prepare, fr. boun ready, prepared, fr. Icel. b?inn, p. p. of ba? to dwell, prepare; akin to E. boor and bower. See Bond, a., and cf. Busk, v.] Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; Ð with to or for, or with an adverb of motion; as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or for Cadiz. ½The mariner bound homeward.¸ Cowper. Bound¶aÏry (?), n.; pl. Boundaries (?) [From Bound a limit; cf. LL. bonnarium piece of land with fixed limits.] That which indicates or fixes a limit or extent, or marks a bound, as of a territory; a bounding or separating line; a real or imaginary limit. But still his native country lies Beyond the boundaries of the skies. N.Cotton. That bright and tranquil stream, the boundary of Louth and Meath. Macaulay. Sensation and reflection are the boundaries of our thoughts. Locke. Syn. Ð Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier; verge; confines; precinct. Bound, Boundary. Boundary, in its original and strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit. Bound is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the two words are made interchangeable. Bound¶en (?), p.p & a. [Old. p. p. of bind.] 1. Bound; fastened by bonds. [Obs.]

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2. Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered; obliged; beholden. This holy word, that teacheth us truly our bounden duty toward our Lord God in every point. Ridley. 3. Made obligatory; imposed as a duty; binding. I am much bounden to your majesty. Shak. Bound¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, limits; a boundary. Sir T.Herbert. Bound¶ing, a. Moving with a bound or bounds. The bounding pulse, the languid limb. Montgomery. Bound¶less, a. Without bounds or confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited. ½The boundless sky.¸ Bryant. ½The boundless ocean.¸ Dryden. ½Boundless rapacity.¸ ½Boundless prospect of gain.¸ Macaulay. Syn. Ð Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable; infinite. Ð Bound¶lessÏly, adv. Ð Bound¶lessÐness, n. Boun¶teÏous (?), a. [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.] Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as, bounteous production. But O, thou bounteous Giver of all good. Cowper. Ð Boun¶teÏousÏly, adv. Ð Boun¶teÏousÏness, n. Boun¶tiÏful (?), a. 1. Free in giving; lib??ral in bestowing gifts and favors. God, the bountiful Author of our being. Locke. 2. Plentiful; abundant; as, a bountiful supply of food. Syn. Ð Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous. Ð Boun¶tiÏfulÏly, adv. Ð Boun¶tiÏfulÏness, n. Boun¶tiÏhead (?), Boun¶tyÏhood (?), } n. Goodness; generosity. [Obs.] Spenser. Boun¶ty, n.; pl. Bounties (?). [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F. bont‚, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr. duvas honor, respect.] 1. Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [Obs.] Nature set in her at once beauty with bounty. Gower. 2. Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence. My bounty is as boundless as the sea. Shak. 3. That which is given generously or liberally. ½Thy morning bounties.¸ Cowper. 4. A premium offered or given to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry or manufactures. Bounty jumper, one who, during the latter part of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty. [Collog.] Ð Queen Anne's bounty (Eng. Hist.), a provision made in Queen Anne's reign for augmenting poor clerical livings. Syn. Ð Munificence; generosity; beneficence. BouÏquet¶ (?), n. [F. bouquet bunch, bunch of flowers, trees, feathers, for bousquet, bosquet, thicket, a little wood, dim. of LL. boscus. See Bush thicket, and cf. Bosket, Busket.] 1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers. 2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the bouquet of wine. ØBou·queÏtin¶ (?), n. [F.] (Zo”l.) The ibex. Bour (?), n. [See Bower a chamber.] A chamber or a cottage. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bour¶bon (?), n. [From the castle and seigniory of Bourbon in central France.] 1. A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones, and whose descendants still claim throne of France. 2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative. Bour¶bonÏism (?), n. The principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon; obstinate conservatism. Bour¶bonÏist, n. One who adheres to the house of Bourbon; a legitimist. Bour¶bon whis¶ky. See under Whisky. Bourd (?), n. [F. bourde fib, lie, OF. borde, bourde, jest, joke.] A jest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bourd (?), v.i. To jest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bourd¶er (?), n. A jester. [Obs.] Bour¶don (?), n. [F., fr. L. burdo mule, esp. one used for carrying litters. Cf. Sp. muleta a young she mule; also, crutch, prop.] A pilgrim's staff. ØBour¶don· (?), n. [F. See Burden a refrain.] (Mus.) (a) A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdyÐgurdy. See Burden (of a song.) (b) A kind of organ stop. BourÏgeois¶ (?), n. [From a French type founder named Bourgeois, or fr. F. bourgeois of the middle class; hence applied to an intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G. bourgeois, borgis. Cf. Burgess.] (Print.) A size of type between long primer and brevier. See Type. µ This line is printed in bourgeois type.? ØBourÏgeois¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bourg town; of German origin. See Burgess.] A man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class. [France.] Ð? a. Characteristic of the middle class, as in France. BourÏgeoiÏsie¶ ?, n. [F.] The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned in, or dependent on, trade. Bour¶geon (?), v.i. [OE. burjoun a bud, burjounen to bud, F. bourgeon a bud, bourgeonner to bud; cf. OHG. burjan to raise.] To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch. Gayly to bourgeon and broadly to grow. Sir W.Scott. ØBou¶ri (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A mullet (Mugil capito) found in the rivers of Southern Europe and in Africa. Bourn, Bourne } (?), n. [OE. burne, borne, AS. burna; akin to OS. brunno spring, G. born, ? unnen, OHG. prunno, Goth. brunna, Icel. brunn?r and perh. to Gr. ?. The root is prob. that of burn, v., because the source of a stream seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling from the earth. Cf. Torrent, and see Burn, v.] A stream or rivulet; a burn. My little boat can safely pass this perilous bourn. Spenser. Bourn, Bourne } (?), n. [F. borne. See Bound a limit.] A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point aimed at; goal. Where the land slopes to its watery bourn. Cowper. The undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveler returns. Shak. Sole bourn, sole wish, sole object of my song. Wordsworth. To make the doctrine ... their intellectual bourne. Tyndall. Bourn¶less, a. Without a bourn or limit. Bour¶nonÏite (?), n. [Named after Count? Bournon, a mineralogist.] (Min.) A mineral of a steelgray to black color and metallic luster, occurring crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels (wheel ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and copper. BourÏnous¶ (?), n. See Burnoose. ØBourÏr‚e (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) An old French dance tune in common time. ØBourse (?), n. [F. bourse purse, exchange, LL. bursa, fr. Gr.? skin, hide, of which a purse was usually made. Cf. Purse, Burse.] An exchange, or place where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for business at certain hours; esp., the ?Stock Exchange of Paris.? Bouse (?), v.i. To drink immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See Booze. Bouse, n. Drink, esp. alcoholic drink; also, a carouse; a booze. ½A good bouse of liquor.¸ Carlyle. Bous¶er (?), n. A toper; a boozer. ØBou·stroÏphe¶don (?), n. [Gr. ? turning like oxen in plowing; ? to turn.] An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite. BouÏstroph·eÏdon¶ic (?), a. Relating to the boustrophedon made of writing. BouÏstorph¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? ?oxÐguiding.] Boustrophedonic. Bousy (?), a. Drunken; sotted; boozy. In his cups the bousy poet songs. Dryden. Bout (?), n. [A different spelling and application of bought bend.] 1. As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round. In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out. Milton. The prince ... has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger of starving for this bout. Goldsmith. 2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a setÐto at anything; as, a fencing bout; a drinking bout. The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one bout with you; he can not by the duello avoid it. Shak. BouÏtade¶ (?), n. [F., fr. bouter to thrust. See Butt.] An outbreak; a caprice; a whim. [Obs.] Boute¶feu (?), n. [F.; bouter to thrust, ?put+feu fire.] An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels. [Obs.] Animated by ... John … Chamber, a very boutefeu, ... they entered into open rebellion. Bacon. ØBou·ton·niŠre¶ (?), n. [F., buttonhole.] A bouquet worn in a buttonhole. ØBouts·ÏriÏm‚s¶ (?), n. pl. [F. bout ?end+rim‚ rhymed.] Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be filled out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are offered. Bo¶vate (?), n. [LL. bovata, fr. bos, bovis, ox.] (O.Eng.Law.) An oxgang, or as much land as an ox can plow in a year; an ancient measure of land, of indefinite quantity, but usually estimated at fifteen acres. Bo¶vey coal· (?). (Min.) A kind of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak flame, and generally a disagreeable odor; Ð found at Bovey Tracey, Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the o”lite, and of the true coal era. Bo¶vid (?), a. [L. bos, bovis, ox, cow.] (Zo”l.) Relating to that tribe of ruminant mammals of which the genus Bos is the type. Bo¶viÏform (?), a. [L. bos, bovis, ox +?Ðform.] Resembling an ox in form; oxÐshaped. [R.] Bo¶vine (?), a. [LL. bovinus, fr.L. bos, bovis, ox, cow: cf. F. bovine. See Cow.] 1. (Zo”l.) of or pertaining to the genus Bos; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow; oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine antelope. 2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and patient; dull; as, a bovine temperament. The bovine gaze of gaping rustics. W.Black. Bow (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] [OE. bowen, bogen, bugen, AS. b?gan (generally v.i.); akin to D. buigen, OHG. biogan, G. biegen, beugen, Icel. boginn bent, beygja to bend, Sw. b”ja, Dan. b”ie, bugne, Coth. biugan; also to L. fugere to flee, Gr. ?, and Skr. bhuj to bend. ?88. Cf. Fugitive.] 1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved. We bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural straightness. Milton. The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny. Prescott. 2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline. Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion. Bacon. Not to bow and bias their opinions. Fuller. 3. To bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension. They came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. 2 Kings ii. 15. 4. To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,;? to crush; to subdue. Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave. Shak. 5. To express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks. Bow (?), v.i. 1. To bend; to curve. [Obs.] 2. To stop. [Archaic] They stoop, they bow down together. Is.xlvi.2? 3. To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; Ð often with down. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our maker. Ps.xcv.6. 4. To incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow. Admired, adored by all circling crowd, For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they bowed. Dryden. Bow (?), n. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a bow of deep humility. Bow (?), n. [OE. bowe, boge, AS. boga, fr. AS. b?gan to bend; akin to D. boog, G. bogen, Icel. bogi. See Bow, v.t.] 1. Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen.ix.13. 2. A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled. 3. An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string. 4. The ?UÐshaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke. 5. (Mus.) An appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument. 6. An acrograph. 7. (Mech. & Manuf.) Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters. 8. (Naut.) A rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea. 9. (Saddlery) sing. or pl. Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree. Bow bearer (O. Eng. Law), an under officer of the forest who looked after trespassers. Ð Bow drill, a drill worked by a bow and string. Ð Bow instrument (Mus.), any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by the bow. Ð Bow window (Arch.) See Bay window. Ð To draw a long bow, to lie; to exaggerate. [Collog.] Bow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] To play (music) with a bow. Ð v.i. To manage the bow. Bow (?), n. [Icel. b”?gr shoulder, bow of a ship. See Bough.] 1. (Naut.) The bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow. 2. (Naut.) One who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar. Bow chaser (Naut.), a gun in the bow for firing while chasing another vessel. Totten. Ð Bow piece, a piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship. Ð On the bow (Naut.), on that part of the horizon whithin 45? on either side of the line ahead. Totten. Bow¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced; yielding. [Obs.] Bow¶bell· (?), n. One born within hearing distance of BowÐbells; a cockney. Halliwell. Bow¶Ïbells· (?), n. pl. The bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom. People born within the sound of BowÐbells are usually called cockneys. Murray's Handbook of London. Bow¶bent· (??), a. Bent, like a bow. Milton. Bow¶Ðcom·pass (?), n.; pl. BowÐcompasses (?). 1. An arcograph. 2. A small pair of compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil, or a pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are often connected by a bowÐshaped spring, instead of by a joint. 3. A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plats riveted to one of the legs, and passing through the other. Bow¶el (?), n. [OE. bouel, bouele, OF. boel, boele, F. boyau, fr. L. botellus a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L. botulus sausage.] 1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man; a gut; Ð generally used in the plural. He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. Acts i.18. 2. pl. Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; as, the bowels of the earth. His soldiers ... cried out amain, And rushed into the bowels of the battle. Shak. 3. pl. The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion. ½Thou thing of no bowels.¸ Shak. Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and empty of bowels. Fuller. 4. pl. Offspring. [Obs.] Shak. Bow¶el, v.t. [imp. & p. p. Boweled or Bowelled (?); p.pr.& vb.n. Boweling or Bowelling.] To take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Bow¶eled (?), a. [Written also bowelled.] Having bowels; hollow. ½The boweled cavern.¸ Thomson. Bow¶elÏless, a. Without pity. Sir T.Browne. Bow¶enÏite (?), n. [From G.T.Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822.] (Min.) A hard, compact variety of serpentine found in Rhode Island. It is of a ligth green color and resembles jade. Bo¶wer (?), n. [From Bow, v. & n.] 1. One who bows or bends. 2. (Naut.) An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. 3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm. [Obs.] His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew. Spenser. Best bower, Small bower. See the Note under Anchor.

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Bow¶er (?), n. [G. bauer a peasant. So called from the figure sometimes used for the knave in cards. See Boor.] One of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of euchre. Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the highest card (except the ½Joker¸) in the game. Ð Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in value. Ð Best bower or? Joker, in some forms of euchre and some other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes precedence of all others as the highest card. Bow¶er, n. [OE. bour, bur, room, dwelling, AS. b?r, fr. the root of AS. ?ban to dwell; akin to Icel. br? chamber, storehouse, Sw. br? cage, Dan. buur, OHG. pr? room, G. bauer cage, bauer a peasant. ?97 Cf.Boor, Byre.] 1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private apartment. Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower. Gascoigne. 2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat. Shenstone. B.Johnson. 3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess. Bow¶er, v.t. To embowar; to inclose. Shak. Bow¶er, v.i. To lodge. [Obs.] Spenser. Bow¶er, n. [From Bough, cf. Brancher.] (Falconry) A young hawk, when it begins to leave thenest. [Obs.] Bow¶er bird· (?). (Zo”l.) An Australian bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus or holosericeus), allied to the starling, which constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates them with brightcolored objects; the satin bird. µ The name is also applied to other related birds of the same region, having similar habits; as, the spotted bower bird ( Chalmydodera maculata), and the regent bird (Sericulus melinus). Bow¶erÏy (?), a. Shading, like a bower; full of bowers. A bowery maze that shades the purple streams. Trumbull. Bow¶erÏy, n.; pl. Boweries (?) [D. bouwerij.] A farm or plantation with its buildings. [U.S.Hist.] The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on boweries or plantetions; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely ?apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities, to gather into ½villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing.¸ Bancroft. Bow¶erÏy, a. Characteristic of the street called the ?Bowery, in New York city; swaggering; flashy. Bow¶ess (?), n. (Falconry) Same as Bower. [Obs.] Bow¶fin· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A voracious ganoid fish (Amia calva) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the mudfish; Ð called also Johnny Grindle, and dogfish. Bowge (?), v. i. To swell out. See Bouge. [Obs.] Bowge, v. t. To cause to leak. [Obs.] See Bouge. Bow¶grace· (?), n. (Naut.) A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid out at the sides or bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by floating ice. Bow¶ hand· (?). 1. (Archery) The hand that holds the bow, i.e., the left hand. Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand. Spenser. 2. (Mus.) The hand that draws the bow, i.e., the right hand. Bow¶head· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The great Arctic or Greenland whale. (Bal‘na mysticetus). See Baleen, and Whale. Bow¶ie knife· (?). A knife with a strong blade from ten to fifteen inches long, and doubleÐedged near the point; Ð used as a hunting knife, and formerly as a weapon in the southwestern part of the United States. It was named from its inventor, Coolnel James Bowie. Also, by extension, any large sheath knife. Bow¶ing (?), n. (Mus.) 1. The act or art of managing the bow in playing on stringed instruments. Bowing constitutes a principal part of the art of the violinist, the violist, etc. J.W.Moore. 2. In hatmaking, the act or process of separating and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it for felting. Bow¶ingÏly (?), adv. In a bending manner. Bow¶knot· (?), n. A knot in which a portion of the string is drawn through in the form of a loop or bow, so as to be readily untied. Bowl (?), n. [OE. bolle, AS. bolla; akin to Icel. bolli, Dan. bolle, G. bolle, and perh. to E. boil a tumor. Cf. Boll.] 1. A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc. Brought them food in bowls of basswood. Longfellow. 2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking. 3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold. 4. The bollow part of a thing; as, the bowl of a spoon. Bowl (?), n. [F. boule, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud. Cf. Bull an edict, Bill a writing.] 1. A ball of wood or other material used for rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when rolled. 2. pl. An ancient game, popular in Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of greensward. Like an uninstructed bowler, ... who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straightforward upon it. Sir W.Scott. 3. pl. The game of tenpins or bowling. [U.S.] Bowl (?), v.t. [imp. & p. p. Bowledÿ(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowling.] 1. To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball. Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven. Shak. 2. To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels; as, we were bowled rapidly along the road. 3. To pelt or strike with anything rolled. Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth, And bowled to death with turnips? Shak. To bowl (a player) out ?, in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking down a bail or a stump in bowling. Bowl, v. i. 1. To play with bowls. 2. To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls, etc. 3. To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball; as, the carriage bowled along. Bowl¶der, Boul¶der (?), n. [Cf. Sw. bullra to roar, rattle, Dan. buldre, dial. Sw. bullersteen larger kind of pebbles; perh. akin to E. bellow.] 1. A large stone, worn smooth or rounded by the action of water; a large pebble. 2. (Geol.) A mass of any rock, whether rounded or not, that has been transported by natural agencies from its native bed. See Drift. Bowlder clay, the unstratified clay deposit of the Glacial or Drift epoch, often containing large numbers of bowlders. Ð Bowlder wall, a wall constructed of large stones or bowlders. Bowl¶derÏy (?), a. Characterized by bowlders. Bow¶leg· (?), n. A crooked leg. Jer.Taylor. Bowl¶Ðlegged· (?), a. Having crooked legs, esp. with the kness bent outward. Johnson. Bowl¶er (?), n. One who plays at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any other game. Bow¶less, a. Destitute of a bow. Bow¶line (?), n. [Cf. D. boelijn, Icel. b”gl‹na?, Dan. bovline; properly the line attached to the shoulder or side of the sail. See Bow (of a ship), and Line.] (Naut.) A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square sails, by subordinate ropes, called bridles, and used to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship is closehauled. Bowline bridles, the ropes by which the bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail. Ð Bowline knot. See Illust. under Knot. Ð On a bowline, closeÐhauled or sailing close to the wind; Ð said of a ship. Bowl¶ing (?), n. The act of playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball at cricket; the game of bowls or of tenpins. Bowling alley, a covered place for playing at bowls or tenpins. Ð Bowling green, a level piece of greensward or smooth ground for bowling, as the small park in lower Broadway, New York, where the Dutch of New Amsterdam played this game.? Bowls (?), n. pl. See Bowl, a ball, a game. Bow¶man (?), n.; pl. Bowmen (?). A man who uses a bow; an archer. The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen. Jer.iv.29. Bowman's root. (Bot.) See Indian physic, under Indian. Bow¶man (?), n. (Naut.) The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow oar. Bowne (?), v.t. [See Boun.] To make ready; to prepare; to dress. [Obs.] We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet. Sir W.Scott. Bow¶ net· (?). 1. A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder with a funnelÐshaped entrance at one end. 2. A net for catching birds. J.H.Walsh. Bow¶ oar· (?). 1. The oar used by the bowman. 2. One who rows at the bow of a boat. Bow¶Ðpen· (?), n. BowÐcompasses carrying a drawing pen. See BowÐcompass. Bow¶Ðpen·cil (?), n. BowÐcompasses, one leg of which carries a pencil. Bow¶Ðsaw· (?), n. A saw with a thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame. Bowse (?), v.i. [See Booze, and Bouse.] 1. To carouse; to bouse; to booze. De Quincey. 2. (Naut.) To pull or haul; as, to bowse upon a tack; to bowse away, i.e., to pull all together. Bowse, n. A carouse; a drinking bout; a booze. Bow¶shot· (?), n. The distance traversed by an arrow shot from a bow. Bow¶sprit· (?), n. [Bow + sprit; akin to D.boegspriet; boeg bow of a ship + spriet, E. sprit, also Sw. bogspr”t, G. bugspriet.] (Naut.) A large boom or spar, which project over the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward. Bows¶sen (?), v.t. To drench; to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed to have curative properties). [Obs.] There were many bowssening places, for curing of mad men. ...If there appeared small amendment he was bowssened again and again. Carew. Bow¶string· (?), n. 1. The string of a bow. 2. A string used by the Turks for strangling offenders. Bowstring bridge, a bridge formed of an arch of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted by a tie forming a chord of the arch. Ð Bowstring girder, an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting its two ends. Ð Bowstring hemp (Bot.), the tenacious fiber of the Sanseviera Zeylanica, growing in India and Africa, from which bowstrings are made. Balfour. Bow¶string· (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p.] Bowstringed (?) or Bowstrung (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bowstringing.] To strangle with a bowstring. Bow¶stringed· (?), p.a. 1. Furnished with bowstring. 2. Put to death with a bowstring; strangled. Bow¶tel (?), n. See Boultel. Bow¶wow· (?), n. An onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark. Ð a. Onomatopoetic; as, the bowwow theory of language; a bowwow word. [Jocose.] Bow¶yer (?), n. [From Bow, like lawyer from law.] 1. An archer; one who uses bow. 2. One who makes or sells bows. Box (?), n. [As. box, L. buxus, fr. Gr. ?. See Box a case.] (Bot.) A tree or shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world. The common box (Buxus sempervirens) has two varieties, one of which, the dwaft box (B.suffruticosa), is much used for borders in gardens. The wood of the tree varieties, being very hard and smooth, is extensively used in the arts, as by turners, engravers, mathematical instrument makers, etc. Box elder, the ashÐleaved maple (Negundo aceroides), of North America. Ð Box holly, the butcher's broom (Russus aculeatus). Ð Box thorn, a shrub (Lycium barbarum). Ð Box tree, the tree variety of the common box. Box, n.pl. Boxes (?) [As. box a small case or vessel with a cover; akin to OHG. buhsa box, G. bchse; fr. L. buxus boxwood, anything made of boxwood. See Pyx, and cf. Box a tree, Bushel.] 1. A receptacle or case of any firm material and of various shapes. 2. The quantity that a box contain. 3. A space with a few seats partitioned off in a theater, or other place of public amusement. Laughed at by the pit, box, galleries, nay, stage. Dorset. The boxes and the pit are sovereign judges. Dryden. 4. A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of money; as, a poor box; a contribution box. Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks, Damning the poor, his trippleÐbolted box. J.Warton. 5. A small country house. ½A shooting box.¸ Wilson. Tight boxes neatly sashed. Cowper. 6. A boxlike shed for shelter; as, a sentry box. 7. (Mach) (a) An axle box, journal box, journal bearing, or bushing. (b) A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the bucket of a lifting pump. 8. The driver's seat on a carriage or coach. 9. A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas box or gift. ½A Christmas box.¸ Dickens. 10. (Baseball) The square in which the pitcher stands. 11. (Zo”l.) A Mediterranean food fish; the bogue. µ Box is much used adjectively or in composition; as box lid, box maker, box circle, etc.; also with modifying substantives; as money box, letter box, bandbox, hatbox or hat box, snuff box or snuffbox. Box beam (Arch.), a beam made of metal plates so as to have the form of a long box. Ð Box car (Railroads), a freight car covered with a roof and inclosed on the sides to protect its contents. Ð Box chronometer, a ship's chronometer, mounted in gimbals, to preserve its proper position. Ð Box coat, a thick overcoat for driving; sometimes with a heavy cape to carry off the rain. Ð Box coupling, a metal collar uniting the ends of shafts or other parts in machinery. Ð Box crab (Zo”l.), a crab of the genus Calappa, which, when at rest with the legs retracted, resembles a box. Ð Box drain (Arch.), a drain constructed with upright sides, and with flat top and bottom. Ð Box girder (Arch.), a box beam. Ð Box groove (Metal Working), a closed groove between two rolls, formed by a collar on one roll fitting between collars on another. R.W.Raymond. Ð Box metal, an alloy of copper and tin, or of zinc, lead, and antimony, for the bearings of journals, etc. Ð Box plait, a plait that doubles both to the rigth and the left. Ð Box turtle or Box tortoise (Zo”l.), a land tortoise or turtle of the genera Cistudo and Emys; Ð so named because it can withdraw entirely within its shell, which can be closed by hinged joints in the lower shell. Also, humorously, an exceedingly reticent person. Emerson. Ð In a box, in a perplexity or an embarrassing position; in difficulty. (Colloq.) Ð In the wrong box, out of one's place; out of one's element; awkwardly situated. (Colloq.) Ridley (1554)? Box, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Boxed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Boxing.] 1. To inclose in a box. 2. To furnish with boxes, as a wheel. 3. (Arch.) To inclose with boarding, lathing, etc., so as to bring to a required form. To box a tree, to make an incision or hole in a tree for the purpose of procuring the sap. Ð To box off, to divide into tight compartments. Ð To box up. (a) To put into a box in order to save; as, he had boxed up twelve score pounds. (b) To confine; as, to be boxed up in narrow quarters. Box, n. [Cf.Dan. baske to slap, bask slap, blow. Cf. Pash.] A blow on the head or ear with the hand. A goodÐhumored box on the ear. W.Irving. Box, v.i. To fight with the fist; to combat with, or as with, the hand or fist; to spar. Box, v.t. To strike with the hand or fist, especially to strike on the ear, or on the side of the head. Box, v.t. [Cf.Sp. boxar, now spelt bojar.] To boxhaul. To box off (Naut.), to turn the head of a vessel either way by bracing the headyards aback. Ð To box the compass (Naut.), to name the thirtyÐtwo points of the compass in their order. Box¶ber·ry (?), n. (Bot.) The wintergreern. (Gaultheria procumbens). [Local, U.S.]

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Box¶en (?), a. Made of boxwood; pertaining to, or resembling, the box (Buxus). [R.] The faded hue of sapless boxen leaves. Dryden. Box¶er (?),n. One who packs boxes. Box¶er ,n. One who boxes; a pugilist. Box¶fish·ÿ(?), n. (Zo”l.) The trunkfish. Box¶haul· (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boxhauled (?).] (Naut.) To put (a vessel) on the other tack by veering her short round on her heel; Ð so called from the circumstance of bracing the head yards abox (i. e., sharp aback, on the wind). Totten. Box¶haul·ing, n. (Naut.) A method of going from one tack to another. See Boxhaul. Box¶ing, n. 1. The act of inclosing (anything) in a box, as for storage or transportation. 2. Material used in making boxes or casings. 3. Any boxlike inclosure or recess; a casing. 4. (Arch.) The external case of thin material used to bring any member to a required form. Box¶ing, n. The act of fighting with the fist; a combat with the fist; sparring. Blackstone. Boxing glove, a large padded mitten or glove used in sparring for exercise or amusement. Box¶Ði·ronÿ(?), n. A hollow smoothing iron containing a heater within. Box¶keep·er (?), n. An attendant at a theater who has charge of the boxes. Box¶thorn· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Lycium, esp. Lycium barbarum. Box¶wood· (?), n. The wood of the box (Buxus). Boy (?), n. [Cf. D. boef, Fries. boi, boy; akin to G. bube, Icel. bofi rouge.] A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a son. My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee. Sir W. Scott. µBoy is often used as a term of comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or party. Boy bishop, a boy (usually a chorister) elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with robes and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated. The Old Boy, the Devil. [Slang] Ð Yellow boys, guineas. [Slang, Eng.] Ð Boy's love, a popular English name of Southernwood (Artemisia abrotonum);) Ð called also lad's love. Ð Boy's play, childish amusements; anything trifling. Boy, v. t. To act as a boy; Ð in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage. I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness. Shak. BoÐyar¶ (?), BoÐyard¶ (?), n. [Russ. boi rin'.] A member of a Russian aristocratic order abolished by Peter the Great. Also, one of a privileged class in Roumania. µ English writers sometimes call Russian landed proprietors boyars. Ø Boy¶au (?), n.; pl. Boyaux or Boyaus (?). [F. boyau gut, a long and narrow place, and (of trenches) a branch. See Bowel.] (Fort.) A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication from one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc. Boy¶cott· (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boycotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boycotting.] [From Captain Boycott, a land agent in Mayo, Ireland, so treated in 1880.] To combine against (a landlord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or business relations from him, and to deter other from holding such relations; to subject to a boycott. Boy¶cott, n. The process, fact, or pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.; social and business interdiction for the purpose of coercion. Boy¶cott·er (?), n. A participant in boycotting. Boy¶cottÐism (?), n. Methods of boycotters. Boy¶deÐkin (?), n. A dagger; a bodkin. [Obs.] Boy¶er (?), n. [D. boeijer; Ð so called because these vessels were employed for laying the boeijen, or buoys: cf. F. boyer. See Buoy.] (Naut.) A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end. Sir W. Raleigh. Boy¶hood (?), n. [Boy + Ðhood.] The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy. Hood. Boy¶ish, a. Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile. A boyish, odd conceit. Baillie. Boy¶ishÐly, adv. In a boyish manner; like a boy. Boy¶ishÐness, n. The manners or behavior of a boy. Boy¶ism (?), n 1. Boyhood. [Obs.] T.Warton. 2. The nature of a boy; childishness. Dryden. Boyle's¶ law·ÿ(?). See under Law. Ø Bo¶za (?), n. [See Bosa.] An acidulated fermented drink of the Arabs and Egyptians, made from millet seed and various astringent substances; also, an intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed, darnel meal, and water. [Written also bosa, bozah, bouza.] BraÐbant¶ine (?), a. Pertaining to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands. Brab¶ble (?), v.i. [D. brabbelen to talk confusedly. ?95. Cf. Blab, Babble.] To clamor; to contest noisily. [R.] Brab¶ble, n. A broil; a noisy contest; a wrangle. This petty brabble will undo us all. Shak. Brab¶bleÐment (?), n. A brabble. [r.] Holland. Brab¶blerÿ3, n. A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler. [R] Shak. Brac¶cate (?), a.[L. bracatus wearing breeches, fr. bracae breeches.] (Zo”l.) Furnished with feathers which conceal the feet. Brace (?), n. [OF. brace, brasse, the two arms, embrace, fathom, F. brasse fathom, fr. L. bracchia the arms (stretched out), pl. of bracchium arm; cf. Gr. ?.] 1. That which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop. 2. A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum. The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing it as the braces of the war drum do in that. Derham. 3. The state of being braced or tight; tension. The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its brace or tension. Holder. 4. (Arch. & Engin.) A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell. 5. (Print.) A vertical curved line connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken together; thus, boll, bowl; or, in music, used to connect staves. 6. (Naut.) A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon. 7. (Mech.) A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a bitstock. 8. A pair; a couple; as, a brace of ducks; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or with some contempt. ½A brace of greyhounds.¸ Shak. He is said to have shot...fifty brace of pheasants. Addison. A brace of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for learning and religion, now appeared in the church. Fuller. But you, my brace of lords. Shak. 9. pl. Straps or bands to sustain trousers; suspenders. I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of braces. Thackeray. 10. Harness; warlike preparation. [Obs.] For that it stands not in such warlike brace. Shak. 11. Armor for the arm; vantbrace. 12. (Mining) The mouth of a shaft. [Cornwall] Angle brace. See under Angle. Braceÿ(?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Braced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bracing.] 1. To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; as, to brace a beam in a building. 2. To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the nerves. And welcome war to brace her drums. Campbell. 3. To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly. The women of China, by bracing and binding them from their infancy, have very little feet. Locke. Some who spurs had first braced on. Sir W. Scott. 4. To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; as, he braced himself against the crowd. A sturdy lance in his right hand he braced. Fairfax. 5. (Naut.) To move around by means of braces; as, to brace the yards. To brace about (Naut.), to turn (a yard) round for the contrary tack. ÐTo brace a yard (Naut.), to move it horizontally by means of a brace. Ð To brace in (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by hauling in the weather brace. Ð To brace one's self, to call up one's energies. ½He braced himself for an effort which he was little able to make.¸ J.D.Forbes.Ð To brace to (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the weather one, to assist in tacking. Ð To brace up (Naut.), to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of the keel by hauling in the lee brace. Ð To brace up sharp (Naut.), to turn (a yard) as far forward as the rigging will permit. Brace, v.i. To get tone or vigor; to rouse one's energies; Ðwith up. [Colloq.] Brace¶let (?), n. [F. bracelet, dim. of OF. bracel armlet, prop. little arm, dim. of bras arm, fr. L. bracchium. See Brace,n.] 1. An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the arm; in modern times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by women or girls. 2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm. Johnson. Bra¶cer (?), n. 1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or bandage. 2. A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of the string; also, a brassart. Chaucer. 3. A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which gives tension or tone to any part of the body. Johnson. Brach (?), n. [OE. brache a kind of scenting hound or setting dog, OF. brache, ? braque, fr. OHG. braccho, G. bracke; possibly akin to E. fragrant, fr. L. fragrare to smell.] A bitch of the hound kind. Shak. Ø BrachÐel¶yÐtra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (?) short + ? a covering.] (Zo”l.) A group of beetles having short elytra, as the rove beetles. ØBrach¶iÐa (?), n. pl. See Brachium. Brach¶iÐal (?) or (?), a. [L. brachialis (bracchÐ), from bracchium (bracchÐ) arm: cf. F. brachial.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining or belonging to the arm; as, the brachial artery; the brachial nerve. 2. Of the nature of an arm; resembling an arm. Ø Brach·iÐa¶ta (?), n. pl. [See Brachiate.] (Zo”l.) A division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with long jointed arms. See Crinoidea. Brach¶iÐateÿ(?), a. [L. brachiatus (bracchÐ) with boughs or branches like arms, from brackium (bracchÐ) arm.] (Bot.) Having branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles with the next, as in the maple and lilac. Brach·iÐog¶aÐnoid (?), n. One of the Brachioganoidei. Ø Brach·iÐoÐgaÐnoid¶eÐi (?), n. pl.[NL., from L. brachium (bracchÐ) arm + NL. ganoidei.] (Zo”l.) An order of ganoid fishes of which the bichir of Africa is a living example. See Crossopterygii. Ø Brach·iÐoÐla¶riÐaÿ(?), n. pl. [ NL., fr. L. brachiolum (bracchÐ), dim. of brachium (bracchÐ) arm.] (Zo”l.) A peculiar early larval stage of certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by means of bands of vibrating cilia. Brach¶iÐoÐpodÿ(?), n. [Cf.F. brachiopode.] (Zo”l.) One of the Brachiopoda, or its shell. Ø Brach·iÐop¶oÐda (?), n. [NL., from Gr. ? arm + Ðpoda.] (Zo”l.) A class of Molluscoidea having a symmetrical bivalve shell, often attached by a fleshy peduncle. µ Within the shell is a pair of ½arms,¸ often long and spirally coiled, bearing rows of ciliated tentacles by which a current of water is made to flow into the mantle cavity, bringing the microscopic food to the mouth between the bases of the arms. The shell is both opened and closed by special muscles. They form two orders; Lyopoma, in which the shell is thin, and without a distinct hinge, as in Lingula; and Arthropoma, in which the firm calcareous shell has a regular hinge, as in Rhynchonella. See Arthropomata. Ø Brach¶iÐum (?), n.; pl. Bracchiaÿ(?). [L. brachium or bracchium, arm.] (Anat.) The upper arm; the segment of the fore limb between the shoulder and the elbow. Brach¶manÿ(?), n. [L. Brachmanae, pl., Gr. ?.] See Brahman. [Obs.] Brach·yÐcat·aÐlec¶ticÿ(?), n. [Gr. ?; ? short + ? to leave off; cf. ? incomplete.] (Gr.& Last. Pros.) A verse wanting two syllables at its termination. Brach·yÐceÐphal¶ic (?), Brach·yÐceph¶aÐlous (?)}, a. [Gr. ? short + ? head.] (Anat.) Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth; shortheaded; Ð in distinction from dolichocephalic. Brach·yÐceph¶aÐly (?), Brach·yÐceph¶aÐlism (?)}, n. [Cf. F. Brachyc‚phalie]. (Anat.) The state or condition of being brachycephalic; shortness of head. BraÐchyc¶erÐal (?), a. [Gr. ? short + ? horn.] (Zo”l.) Having short antenn‘, as certain insects. Brach·yÐdiÐag¶oÐnal (?), a. [Gr. ? short + E. diagonal.] Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic prism. Brachydiagonal axis, the shorter lateral axis of an orthorhombic crystal. Brach·yÐdiÐag¶oÐnal, n. The shorter of the diagonals in a rhombic prism. Brach·yÐdomeÿ(?), n. [Gr. ? short + E. dome.] (Crystallog.) A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See Dome. BraÐchyg¶raÐpher (?), n. A writer in short hand; a stenographer. He asked the brachygrapher whether he wrote the notes of the sermon. Gayton. BraÐchyg¶raÐphyÿ(?), n. [Gr. ? short + Ðgraphy: cf. F. brachygraphie.] Stenograhy. B.Jonson. BraÐchyl¶oÐgyÿ(?), n. [Gr. ? :? short + ? discourse: cf. F. brachylogie.] ( Rhet.) Conciseness of expression; brevity. Brach·yÐpin¶aÐcoid (?), n. [Gr. ? short + E. pinacoid.] (Crytallog.) A plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis. Ø BraÐchyp¶teÐraÿ(?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? shortÐwinged; short + ? feather, wing.] (Zo”l.) A group of Coleoptera having short wings; the rove beetles. Ø BraÐchyp¶teÐres (?), n.pl. [NL. See Brachyptera. ] (Zo”l.) A group of birds, including auks, divers, and penguins. BraÐchyp¶terÐous (?), a. [Gr. ? :cf. F. brachyptŠre.] (Zo”l.) Having short wings. BraÐchys¶toÐchrone (?), n. [Incorrect for brachistochrone, fr. Gr. ? shortest (superl. of ? short) + ? time : cf. F. brachistochrone. ] (Math.) A curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. This curve of quickest descent, as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the cycloid. Brach¶yÐty·pous (?), a. [Gr. ? short + ? stamp, form.] (Min.) Of a short form. Ø Brach·yÐu¶raÿ(?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? short + ? tail.] (Zo”l.) A group of decapod Crustacea, including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephaloÐthorax. [Also spelt Brachyoura.] See Crab, and Illustration in Appendix. Brach·yÐu¶ralÿ(?), Brach·yÐu¶rous (?)}, a. [Cf. F. brachyure.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Brachyura. Brach·yÐu¶ran (?), n. One of the Brachyura. Bra¶cing (?), a. Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a bracing north wind. Bra¶cing (?), n. 1. The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced. 2. (Engin.) Any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a truss.

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Brack (?), n. [Cf.D. braak, Dan. br‘k, a breaking, Sw. & Isel. brak a crackling, creaking. Cf. Breach.] An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw. Stain or brack in her sweet reputation. J.Fletcher. Brack, n. [D. brak, adj., salt; cf. LG. wrak refuse, G. brack.] Salt or brackish water. [Obs.] Drayton. Brack¶en (?), n. [OE. braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake, n.] A brake or fern. Sir W.Scott. Brack¶et (?), n. [Cf.OF. braguette codpiece, F. brayette, Sp. bragueta, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim. fr.L. bracae breeches; cf. also, OF. bracon beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf. Breeches.] 1. (Arch.) An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office. µ This is the more general word. See Brace, Cantalever, Console, Corbel, Strut. 2. (Engin. & Mech.) A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles. 3. (Naut.) A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support. 4. (Mil.) The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage. 5. (Print.) One of two characters [ ]?, used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain other purposes; Ð called also crotchet. 6. A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall, column, or the like. Bracket light, a gas fixture or a lamp attached to a wall, column, etc. Brack¶et, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bracketed; p.pr. & vb.n. Bracketing] To place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets. Brack¶etÏing, n. (Arch.) A series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively. Brack¶ish (?), a. [See Brack salt water.] Saltish, or salt in a moderate degree, as water in saline soil. Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brackish though they be. Byron. Brack¶ishÏness, n. The quality or state of being brackish, or somewhat salt. Brack¶y (?), a. Brackish. Drayton. Bract (?), n. [See Bractea.] (Bot.) (a) A leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the axil of which a flower stalk arises. (b) Any modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a flower. µ Bracts are often inconspicuous, but sometimes large and showy, or highly colored, as in many cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid plants are conspicuous forms of bracts. ØBrac¶teÏa (?), n. [L., a thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.] (Bot.) A bract. Brac¶teÏal (?), a. [Cf.F. bract‚al.] Having the nature or appearance of a bract. Brac¶teÏate (?), a. [Cf.L. bracteatus covered with gold plate.] (Bot.) Having a bract or bracts. Bract¶ed (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with bracts. Brac¶teÏoÏlate (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with bracteoles or bractlets. Brac¶teÏole (?), n. [L. bracteola, dim. of bractea. See Bractea.] (Bot.) Same as Bractlet. Bract¶less, a. (Bot.) Destitute of bracts. Bract¶let (?), n. [Bract + Ðlet] (Bot.) A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a main stalk that support several flowers. Gray. Brad (?), n. [Cf.OE. brod, Dan. braad prick, sting, brodde ice spur, frost nail, Sw. brodd frost nail, Icel. broddr any pointed piece of iron or stell; akin to AS. brord point, spire of grass, and perh. to E. bristle. See Bristle, n.] A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, squareÐbodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head. Brad¶ awl· (?). A straight awl with chisel edge, used to make holes for brads, etc. Weale. BraÏdoon¶ (?), n. Same as Bridoon. ØBrae (?), n. [See Bray a hill.] A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill. [Scot.] Burns. Brag (?), v.i. [imp. & p. p. Bragged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bragging.] [OE. braggen to resound, blow, boast (cf. F. braguer to lead a merry life, flaunt, boast, OF. brague merriment), from Icel. braka to creak, brak noise, fr. the same root as E. break; properly then, to make a noise, boast. ?95.] To talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; Ð often followed by of; as, to brag of one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to do. Coinceit, more rich in matter than in words, Brags of his substance, not of ornament. Shak. Syn. Ð To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish; talk big. Brag, v.t. To boast of. [Obs.] Shak. Brag, n. 1. A boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self glorification. C‘sar ... made not here his brag Of ½came,¸ and ½saw,¸ and ½overcame.¸ Shak. 2. The thing which is boasted of. Beauty is Nature's brag. Milton. 3. A game at cards similar to bluff. Chesterfield. Brag (?), a. [See Brag, v.i.] Brisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited. [Arhaic] A brag young fellow. B.Jonson. Brag, adv. Proudly; boastfully. [Obs.] Fuller. Brag·gaÏdo¶cio (?), n. [From Braggadocchio, a boastful character in Spenser's ½Fa‰rie Queene.¸] 1. A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer. Dryden. 2. Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension. Brag¶gardÏism (?), n. [See Braggart.] Boastfulness; act of bragging. Shak. Brag¶gart (?), n. [OF. bragard flaunting, vain, bragging. See Brag, v.i.] A boaster. O, I could play the woman with mine eyes, And braggart with my tongue. Shak. Brag¶gart, a. Boastful.Ð Brag¶gartÏly, adv. Brag¶ger (?), n. One who brags; a boaster. Brag¶get (?), n. [OE. braket, bragot, fr. W. bragawd, bragod, fr. brag malt.] A liquor made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc. [Obs.] B.Jonson.

Brag¶ging·ly (?), adv. Boastingly. Brag¶less, a. Without bragging. [R.] Shak. Brag¶ly, adv. In a manner to be bragged of; finely; proudly. [Obs.] Spenser. Brah¶ma (?), n. [See Brahman.] 1. (Hindoo Myth.) The One First Cause; also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. µ According to the Hindoo religious books, Brahma (with the final a short), or Brahm, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the All in All, while the personal gods, Brahm (with the final a long), Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or manifestations of Brahma the Divine Essence. 2. (Zo”l.) A valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; Ð called also Brahmapootra. Brah¶man (?), Brah¶min (?), } n.; pl. Brahmans, Brahmins. [Skr. Br¾hmana (cf. Brahman 0worship, holiness; the God Brahma, also Brahman): cf. F. Brahmane, Brachmane, Bramine, L. Brachmanae, Ðmanes, Ðmani, pl., Gr. ?, pl.] A person of the highest or sacerdotal caste among the Hindoos. Brahman bull (Zo”l.), the male of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the Hindoos. Brah¶manÏess (?), n. A Brahmani. Brah¶manÏi (?), n. [Fem. of Brahman.] Any Brahman woman. [Written also Brahmanee.] BrahÏman¶ic (?), ÏicÏal (?), BrahÏmin¶Ïic (?),ÏicÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Brahmans or to their doctrines and worship. Brah¶manÏism (?), Brah¶minÏism (?), } n. The religion or system of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma. Brah¶manÏist (?), Brah¶minÏist (?), } n. An adherent of the religion of the Brahmans. Brah¶moÏism (?), n. The religious system of BrahmoÐsomaj. Balfour.

Brah·moÐsoÏmaj¶ (?), n. [Bengalese, a wor?hiping assembly.] A modern reforming theistic sect among the Hindos. [Written also BrahmaÐsamaj.] Braid (?), v.t. [imp. &. p.p. Braided; p. pr. & vb. n. Braiding.] [ OE. braiden, breiden, to pull, reach, braid, AS. bregdan to move to and fro, to weave; akin. to Icel. breg?a, D. breiden to knit, OS. bregdan to weave, OHG. brettan to brandish. Cf. Broid.] 1. To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait. Braid your locks with rosy twine. Milton. 2. To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations. 3. To reproach. [Obs.] See Upbraid. Shak. Braid (?), n. 1. A plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving together different strands. A braid of hair composed of two different colors twined together. Scott. 2. A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc. Braid, n. [Cf.Icel. breg?a to move quickly.] 1. A quick motion; a start. [Obs.] Sackville. 2. A fancy; freak; caprice. [Obs.] R.Hyrde. Braid v.i. To start; to awake. [Obs.] Chaucer. Braid, a. [AS. br‘d, bred, deceit; akin to Icel. brag? trick, AS. bredan, bregdan, to braid, knit, (hence) to knit a net, to draw into a net, i.e., to deceive. See Braid, v.t.] Deceitful. [Obs.] Since Frenchmen are so braid, Marry that will, I live and die a maid. Shak. Braid¶ing, n. 1. The act of making or using braids. 2. Braids, collectively; trimming. A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars, and braiding. Thackeray. Brail (?), n. [OE. brayle furling rope, OF. braiol a band placed around the breeches, fr.F. braies, pl., breeches, fr.L. braca, bracae, breeches, a Gallic word; cf. Arm. bragez. Cf. Breeches.] 1. (Falconry) A thong of soft leather to bind up a hawk's wing. 2. pl. (Naut.) Ropes passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the leeches, bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling. 3. A stock at each end of a seine to keep it stretched. Brail, v.t. (Naut.) To haul up by the brails; Ð used with up; as, to brail up a sail. Brain (?), n. [OE. brain, brein, AS. bragen, br‘gen; akin to LG. br„gen, bregen, D. brein, and perh. to Gr. ?, the upper part of head, if ? =? ? 95.] 1. (Anat.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the foreÐ, midÐ, and hindÐbrain. µ In the brain of man the cerebral lobes, or largest part of the forebrain, are enormously developed so as to overhang the cerebellum, the great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely cover the lobes of the midbrain. The surface of the cerebrum is divided into irregular ridges, or convolutions, separated by grooves (the soÐcalled fissures and sulci), and the two hemispheres are connected at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure by a great transverse band of nervous matter, the corpus callosum, while the two halves of the cerebellum are connected on the under side of the brain by the bridge, or pons Varolii. 2. (Zo”l.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates. 3. The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding. ½ My brain is too dull.¸ Sir W.Scott. µ In this sense, often used in the plural. 4. The affections; fancy; imagination. [R.] Shak. To have on the brain, to have constantly in one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania. [Low] Brain box or case, the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the brain. Ð Brain coral, Brain stone coral (Zo”l), a massive reefÐbuilding coral having the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as to resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of the genera M‘andrina and Diploria. Ð Brain fag (Med.), brain weariness. See Cerebropathy.Ð Brain fever (Med.), fever in which the brain is specially affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever. Ð Brain sand, calcareous matter found in the pineal gland. Brain (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brained (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Braining.] 1. To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat. There thou mayst brain him. Shak. It was the swift celerity of the death ... That brained my purpose. Shak.

2. To conceive; to understand. [Obs.] ?T is still a dream, or else such stuff as madmen Tongue, and brain not. Shak. Brained (?), p.a. Supplied with brains. If th' other two be brained like us. Shak. Brain¶ish, a. HotÐheaded; furious. [R.] Shak. Brain¶less, a. Without understanding; silly; thougthless; witless. Ð Brain¶lessÏness, n. Brain¶pan· (?), n. [Brain + pan.] The bones which inclose the brain; the skull; the cranium. Brain¶sick· (?), a. Disordered in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless. Ð Brain¶sickÏness, a. Brain¶sick·ly, adv. In a brainsick manner. Brain¶y (?), a. Having an active or vigorous mind. [Colloq.] Braise, Braize (?), n. [So called from its iridescent colors.] (Zo”l.) A European marine fish (Pagrus vulgaris) allied to the American scup; the becker. The name is sometimes applied to the related species. [Also written brazier.] Braise, Braize, n. [F.] 1. Charcoal powder; breeze. 2. (Cookery) Braised meat. Braise, v.t. [F. braiser, fr. braise coals.] (Cookery) To stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan. A braising kettle has a deep cover which holds coals; consequently the cooking is done from above, as well as below. Mrs. Henderson.

Brais¶er (?), n. A kettle or pan for braising. Brait (?), n. [Cf.W. braith variegated, Ir. breath, breagh, fine, comely.] A rough diamond. Braize (?), n. See Braise. Brake (?), imp. of Break. [Arhaic] Tennyson. Brake, n. [OE. brake fern; cf. AS. bracce fern, LG. brake willow bush, Da. bregne fern, G. brach fallow; prob. orig. the growth on rough, broken ground, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v.t., cf. Bracken, and 2d Brake, n.] 1. (Bot.) A fern of the genus Pteris, esp. the P. aquilina, common in almost all countries. It has solitary stems dividing into three principal branches. Less properly: Any fern. 2. A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles, with undergrowth and ferns, or with canes. Rounds rising hillocks, brakes obscure and rough, To shelter thee from tempest and from rain. Shak. He stayed not for brake, and he stopped not for stone. Sir W.Scott. Cane brake, a thicket of canes. See Canebrake.

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Brake (?), n. [OE. brake; cf. LG. brake an instrument for breaking flax, G. breche, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v. t., and cf. Breach.] 1. An instrument or machine to break or bruise the woody part of flax or hemp so that it may be separated from the fiber. 2. An extended handle by means of which a number of men can unite in working a pump, as in a fire engine. 3. A baker's kneading though. Johnson. 4. A sharp bit or snaffle. Pampered jades...which need nor break nor bit. Gascoigne. 5. A frame for confining a refractory horse while the smith is shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle, horses, etc. A horse... which Philip had bought... and because of his fierceness kept him within a brake of iron bars. J. Brende. 6. That part of a carriage, as of a movable battery, or engine, which enables it to turn. 7. (Mil.) An ancient engine of war analogous to the crossbow and ballista. 8. (Agric.) A large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; a drag. 9. A piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction, as of a carriage or railway car, by the pressure of rubbers against the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets against the track or roadway, or of a pivoted lever against a wheel or drum in a machine. 10. (Engin.) An apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine, or other motor, by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction brake. 11. A cart or carriage without a body, used in breaking in horses. 12. An ancient instrument of torture. Holinshed. Air brake. See Air brake, in the Vocabulary. Ð Brake beam or Brake bar, the beam that connects the brake blocks of opposite wheels. Ð Brake block. (a) The part of a brake holding the brake shoe. (b) A brake shoe. Ð Brake shoe or Brake rubber, the part of a brake against which the wheel rubs. Ð Brake wheel, a wheel on the platform or top of a car by which brakes are operated. Ð Continuous brake . See under Continuous. Brake¶man (?), n.; pl. Brakemen (?). 1. (Railroads) A man in charge of a brake or brakes. 2. (Mining) The man in charge of the winding (or hoisting) engine for a mine. Brak¶y (?), a. Full of brakes; abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns; rough; thorny. In the woods and braky glens. W.Browne. Bra¶ma (?), n. See Brahma. Bra¶mah press· (?). A hydrostatic press of immense power, invented by Joseph Bramah of London. See under Hydrostatic. Bram¶ble (?), n. [OE. brembil, AS.br?mbel, br?mbel (akin to OHG. bramal), fr. the same root as E. broom, As. br?m. See Broom.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub. The thorny brambles, and embracing bushes. Shak. 2. (Zo”l.) The brambling or bramble finch. Bram¶ble bush· (?). (Bot.) The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together. He jumped into a bramble bush And scratched out both his eyes. Mother Goose. Bram¶bled (?), a. Overgrown with brambles. Forlorn she sits upon the brambled floor. T.Warton. Bram¶ble net· (?). A net to catch birds. Bram¶bling (?), n. [OE. bramline. See Bramble, n.] (Zo”l.) The European mountain finch (Fringilla montifringilla); Ð called also bramble finch and bramble. Bram¶bly (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or full of, brambles. ½In brambly wildernesses.¸ Tennyson. Brame (?), n. [Cf. Breme.] Sharp passion; vexation. [Obs.] HeartÐburning brame. Spenser. Bra¶min (?), BraÏmin¶ic (?), etc. See Brahman, Brachmanic, etc. Bran (?), n. [OE. bren, bran, OF. bren, F. bran, from Celtic; cf. Armor. brenn, Ir. bran, bran, chaff.] 1. The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain. 2. (Zo”l.) The European carrion crow. Bran¶card (?), n. [F.] A litter on which a person may be carried. [Obs.] Coigrave. Branch (?), n.; pl. Branchesÿ(?). [OE. braunche, F. branche, fr. LL. branca claw of a bird or beast of prey; cf. Armor. brank branch, bough.] 1. (Bot.) A shoot or secondary stem growing from the main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other plant. 2. Any division extending like a branch; any arm or part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; as, the branch of an antler; the branch of a chandelier; a branch of a river; a branch of a railway. Most of the branches , or streams, were dried up. W.Irving. 3. Any member or part of a body or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department. ½Branches of knowledge.¸ Prescott. It is a branch and parcel of mine oath. Shak. 4. (Geom.) One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance; as, the branches of an hyperbola. 5. A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line; as, the English branch of a family. His father, a younger branch of the ancient stock. Carew. 6. (Naut.) A warrant or commission given to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain waters. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron, which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb. Ð Branch herring. See Alewife.Ð Root and branch , totally, wholly. Syn. Ð Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig. Branch (?), a. Diverging from, or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; as, a branch vein; a branch road or line; a branch topic; a branch store. Branch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Branchedÿ(?); p .pr. & vb. n. Branching.] 1. To shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to ramify. 2. To divide into separate parts or subdivision. To branch off, to form a branch or a separate part; to diverge. Ð To branch out, to speak diffusively; to extend one's discourse to other topics than the main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's business, etc. To branch out into a long disputation. Spectator. Branch, v. t. 1. To divide as into branches; to make subordinate division in. 2. To adorn with needlework representing branches, flowers, or twigs. The train whereof loose far behind her strayed, Branched with gold and pearl, most richly wrought. Spenser. Branch¶er (?), n. 1. That which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in various directions. 2. (Falconry) A young hawk when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches. Branch¶erÏy (?), n. A system of branches. Ø Bran¶chiÏa (?), n.; pl. Branchi?ÿ(?). [L., fr. Gr. ?, pl. of ?.] (Anat.) A gill; a respiratory organ for breathing the air contained in water, such as many aquatic and semiaquatic animals have. Bran¶chiÏal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to branchi‘ or gills. Branchial arches, the bony or cartilaginous arches which support the gills on each side of the throat of fishes and amphibians. See Illustration in Appendix. Ð Branchial clefts, the openings between the branchial arches through which water passes. Bran¶chiÏate (?), a. (Anat.) Furnished with branchi‘; as branchiate segments. BranÏchif¶erÏous (?), a. (Anat.) Having gills; branchiate; as, branchiferous gastropods. Branch¶iÏness (?), n. Fullness of branches. Branch¶ing, a. Furnished with branches; shooting our branches; extending in a branch or branches. Shaded with branching palm. Milton. Branch¶ing, n. The act or state of separation into branches; division into branches; a division or branch. The sciences, with their numerous branchings. L.Watts. Ø Bran·chiÏoÏgasÏtrop¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? gill + E. gastropoda.] (Zo”l.) Those Gastropoda that breathe by branchi‘, including the Prosobranchiata and Opisthobranchiata. Bran·chiÏom¶erÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? gill + Ðmere.] (Anat.) The state of being made up of branchiate segments. R. Wiedersheim. Bran¶chiÏoÏpod (?), n. One of the Branchiopoda. Ø Bran¶chiÏoÏpoda (?), n. pl. [Gr. ? gill + Ðpoda: cf. F. branchiopode.] (Zo”l.) An order of Entomostraca; Ð so named from the feet of branchiopods having been supposed to perform the function of gills. It includes the freshÐwater genera Branchipus, Apus, and Limnadia, and the genus Artemia found in salt lakes. It is also called Phyllopoda. See Phyllopoda, Cladocera. It is sometimes used in a broader sense. Bran·chiÏos¶teÏgal (?), a. [Gr. ? gill + ? to cover: cf. F. branchiostŠge.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of fishes. Ð n. (Anat.) A branchiostegal ray. See Illustration of Branchial arches in Appendix. µ This term was formerly applied to a group of fishes having boneless branchi‘. But the arrangement was artificial, and has been rejected. Bran·chiÏos¶tege (?), (Anat.) The branchiostegal membrane. See Illustration in Appendix. Bran·chiÏos¶teÏgous (?), a. (Anat.) Branchiostegal. Ø Bran·chiÏos¶toÏma (?), n. [NL., fr., Gr. ? gill + ? mouth.] (Zo”l.) The lancelet. See Amphioxus. Ø Bran¶chiÏu¶ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr., Gr. ? gill + ? tail.] (Zo”l.) A group of Entomostraca, with suctorial mouths, including species parasitic on fishes, as the carp lice (Argulus). Branch¶less (?), a. Destitude of branches or shoots; without any valuable product; barren; naked. Branch¶let (?), n. [Branch + Ðlet.] A little branch; a twig. Branch¶ pi·lot (?). A pilot who has a branch or commission, as from Trinity House, England, for special navigation. Branch¶y (?), a. Full of branches; having wideÐspreading branches; consisting of branches. Beneath thy branchy bowers of thickest gloom. J.Scott. Brand (?), n. [OE. brand, brond, AS. brand brond brand, sword, from byrnan, beornan, to burn; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. brand brand, Icel. brandr a brand, blade of a sword. ?32. See Burn, v. t., and cf. Brandish.] 1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct. Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted roof. Palfrey. 2. A sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness. [Poetic] Tennyson. Paradise, so late their happy seat, Waved over by that flaming brand. Milton. 3. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; Ð also, a mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; as, a good brand of flour. 4. A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma. The brand of private vice. Channing. 5. An instrument to brand with; a branding iron. 6. (Bot.) Any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants. The brands are of many species and several genera of the order Puccini‘i. Brand (?), v.t [imp. & p.p. Branded; p. pr. & vb. n. Branding.]. 1. To burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a convict). 2. To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc. 3. Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon. The Inquisition branded its victims with infamy. Prescott. There were the enormities, branded and condemned by the first and most natural verdict of common humanity. South. 4. To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron. As if it were branded on my mind. Geo. Eliot. Brand¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron. 2. A gridiron. [Scot.] Brand¶ goose· (?). [Prob. fr. 1st brand + goose: cf. Sw. brandg†s. Cf. Brant.] (Zo”l.) A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla) usually called in America brant. See Brant. Bran¶died (?), a. Mingled with brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or treated with brandy; as, brandied peaches. Brand¶ing i·Ïron (?). An iron to brand with. Brand¶ i·ron. 1. A branding iron. 2. A trivet to set a pot on. Huloet. 3. The horizontal bar of an andiron. Bran¶dish (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Brandishedÿ(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Brandishing.] [OE. braundisen, F. brandir, fr. brand a sword, fr. OHG. brant brand. See Brand, n.] 1. To move or wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various directions; to shake or flourish. The quivering lance which he brandished bright. Drake. 2. To play with; to flourish; as, to brandish syllogisms. Bran¶dish, n. A flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc. ½Brandishes of the fan.¸ Tailer. Bran¶dishÐer (?), n. One who brandishes. Bran¶dle (?), v. t. & i. [F. brandiller.] To shake; to totter. [Obs.] Brand¶ling (?), Brand¶lin (?) }, n. (Zo”l.) Same as Branlin, fish and worm. Brand¶Ðnew¶ (?), a. [See Brand, and cf. Brannew.] Quite new; bright as if fresh from the forge. Brand¶ spore· (?). (Bot.) One of several spores growing in a series or chain, and produced by one of the fungi called brand. Bran¶dy (?), n.; pl. Brandiesÿ(?). [From older brandywine, brandwine, fr. D. brandewijn, fr. p. p. of branden to burn, distill + wijn wine, akin to G. branntwein. See Brand.] A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from wine. The name is also given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the United States to that distilled from cider and peaches. In northern Europe, it is also applied to a spirit obtained from grain. Brandy fruit, fruit preserved in brandy and sugar. Bran¶dyÏwine· (?), n. Brandy. [Obs.] Wiseman. Bran¶gle (?), n. [Prov. E. brangled confused, entangled, Scot. brangle to shake, menace; probably a variant of wrangle, confused with brawl. ?95.] A wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute. [R.] A brangle between him and his neighbor. Swift. Bran¶gle, v.i [imp. & p. p. Brangledÿ(?); p.pr. & vb. n. Branglingÿ(?).] To wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble. [R.] Bran¶gleÏment (?), n. Wrangle; brangle. [Obs.] Bran¶gler (?), n. A quarrelsome person. Bran¶gling (?), n. A quarrel. [R.] Whitlock. Brank (?), n. [Prov. of Celtic origin; cf. L. brance, brace, the Gallic name of a particularly white kind of corn.] Buckwheat. [Local, Eng.] Halliwell. Brank, Branks,} n. [Cf. Gael. brangus, brangas, a sort of pillory, Ir. brancas halter, or D. pranger fetter.] 1. A sort of bridle with wooden side pieces. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Jamieson. 2. A scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used for correcting scolding women.It was an iron frame surrounding the head and heaving a triangular piece entering the mouth of the scold. Brank, v. i. 1. To hold up and toss the head; Ð applied to horses as spurning the bit. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 2. To prance; to caper. [Scot.] Jamieson. Brank¶urÏsine (?), n. [F. brancÐursine, branchÐursine, fr. LL. branca claw + L. ursinus belonging to a bear (fr. ursus bear), i .e., bear's claw, because its leaves resemble the claws of a bear. Cf. Branch.] (Bot.) Bear'sÐbreech, or Acanthus. Bran¶lin (?), n. [Scot. branlie fr. brand.] (Zo”l.) A young salmon or parr, in the stage in which it has transverse black bands, as if burned by a gridiron. Bran¶lin, n. [See Brand.] A small red worm or larva, used as bait for small freshÐwater fish; Ð so called from its red color. Bran¶Ðnew¶ (?), a. See BrandÐnew. Bran¶ny (?), a. Having the appearance of bran; consisting of or containing bran. Wiseman. Bran¶sle (?), n. [See Brawl a dance.] A brawl or dance. [Obs.] Spenser.

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Brant (?), n. [Cf.Brand goose, Brent, Brenicle.] (Zo”l.) A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla)Ð called also brent and brand goose. The name is also applied to other related species. Brant, a. [See Brent.] Steep. [Prov. Eng.] Bran¶tail· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The European redstart; Ð so called from the red color of its tail. Brant¶Ïfox· (?), n. [For brandÐfox; cf. G. brandfuchs, Sw. bradr„f. So called from its yellowish brown and somewhat black color. See Brand.] (Zo”l.) A kind of fox found in Sweden (Vulpes alopex), smaller than the common fox (V. vulgaris), but probably a variety of it. Bran¶uÏlar (?), a. Relating to the brain; cerebral. I.Taylor. Bra¶sen (?), a. Same as Brazen. Brash (?), a. [Cf. Gael. bras or G. barsch harsh, sharp, tart, impetuous, D. barsch, Sw. & Dan. barsk.] Hasty in temper; impetuous. Grose. Brash, a. [Cf. Amer. bresk, brusk, fragile, brittle.] Brittle, as wood or vegetables. [Colloq., U. S.] Bartlett. Brash, n. [See Brash brittle.] 1. A rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness. 2. Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of hedges. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 3. (Geol.) Broken and angular fragments of rocks underlying alluvial deposits. Lyell. 4. Broken fragments of ice. Kane. Water brash (Med.), an affection characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis. Ð Weaning brash (Med.), a severe form of diarrhea which sometimes attacks children just weaned. Bra¶sier, Bra¶zier (?), n. [OE. brasiere, F. braise live coals. See Brass.] An artificer who works in brass. Franklin. Bra¶sier, Bra¶zier, n. [F. brasier, brais¡er, fr. braise live coals. See Brass.] A pan for holding burning coals. Brass (?), n.; pl. Brasses (?). [OE. bras, bres, AS. br‘s; akin to Icel. bras cement, solder, brasa to harden by fire, and to E. braze, brazen. Cf. 1st & 2d Braze.] 1. An alloy (usually yellow) of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing two parts of copper to one part of zinc. It sometimes contains tin, and rarely other metals. 2. (Mach.) A journal bearing, so called because frequently made of brass. A brass is often lined with a softer metal, when the latter is generally called a white metal lining. See Axle box, Journal Box, and Bearing. 3. Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze. [Obs.] Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, nor scrip for your journey. Matt. x. 9. 4. Impudence; a brazen face. [Colloq.] 5. pl. Utensils, ornaments, or other articles of brass. The very scullion who cleans the brasses. Hopkinson. 6. A brass plate engraved with a figure or device. Specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally having the portrait, coat of arms, etc. 7. pl. (Mining) Lumps of pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that of brass. µ The word brass as used in Sculpture language is a translation for copper or some kind of bronze. µ Brass is often used adjectively or in selfÐexplaining compounds; as, brass button, brass kettle, brass founder, brass foundry or brassfoundry. Brass band (Mus.), a band of musicians who play upon wind instruments made of brass, as trumpets, cornets, etc. Ð Brass foil, Brass leaf, brass made into very thin sheets; Ð called also Dutch gold. Bras¶sage (?), n. {F.] A sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; Ð now called seigniorage. Bras¶sart (?), n. [F. brassard, fr. bras arm. See Brace, n.] Armor for the arm; Ð generally used for the whole arm from the shoulder to the wrist, and consisting, in the 15th and 16th centuries, of many parts. Brasse (?), n. [Perh. a transposition of barse; but cf. LG. brasse the bream, G. brassen Cf. Bream.] (Zo”l.) A spotted European fish of the genus Lucioperca, resembling a perch. Bras¶sets (?), n. See Brassart. Ø Bras¶siÏca (?), n. [L., cabbage.] (Bot.) A genus of plants embracing several species ad varieties differing much in appearance and qualities: such as the common cabbage (B. oleracea), broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip (B. campestris); the common turnip (B. rapa); the rape of coleseed (B. napus), etc. Bras·siÏca¶ceous (?), a. [L. brassica cabbage.] (Bot.) Related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the Cabbage family. Brass¶iÏness (?), n. The state, conditions, or quality of being brassy. [Colloq.] Brass¶Ïvis¶aged (?), a. Impudent; bold. Brass¶y (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or hardness, of brass. 2. Impudent; impudently bold. [Colloq.] Brast (?), v. t. & i. [See Burst.] To burst. [Obs.] And both his y‰n braste out of his face. Chaucer. Dreadfull furies which their chains have brast. Spenser. Brat (?), n. [OE. bratt coarse garnment, AS. bratt cloak, fr. the Celtic; cf. W. brat clout, rag, Gael. brat cloak, apron, raf, Ir. brat cloak; properly then, a child's bib or clout; hence, a child.] 1. A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright. 3. A child; an offspring; Ð formerly used in a good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense. ½This brat is none of mine.¸ Shak. ½A beggar's brat.¸ Swift. O Israel? O household of the Lord? O Abraham's brats? O brood of blessed seed? Gascoigne. 4. The young of an animal. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Brat (?), n. (Mining) A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime. Ø Brat¶sche (?), n. [G., fr. It. viola da braccio viola held on the arm.] The tenor viola, or viola. Brat¶tice (?), n. [See Brettice.] (Mining) (a) A wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for ventilation. (b) Planking to support a roof or wall. Brat¶tishÏing (?), n. 1. See Brattice, n. 2. (Arch.) Carved openwork, as of a shrine, battlement, or parapet. Braun¶ite (?), n. (Min.) A native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color. It was named from a Mr. Braun of Gotha. BraÏvade¶ (?), n. Bravado. [Obs.] Fanshawe. BraÏva¶do (?), n., pl. Bravadoesÿ(?). [Sp. bravada, bravata, boast, brag: cf. F. bravade. See Brave.] Boastful and threatening behavior; a boastful menace. In spite of our host's bravado. Irving. Brave (?), a. [Compar. Braver; superl. Bravest.] [F. brave, It. or Sp. bravo, (orig.) fierce, wild, savage, prob. from. L. barbarus. See Barbarous, and cf. Bravo.] 1. Bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; Ð opposed to cowardly; as, a brave man; a brave act. 2. Having any sort of superiority or excellence; Ð especially such as in conspicuous. [Obs. or Archaic as applied to material things.] Iron is a brave commodity where wood aboundeth. Bacon. It being a brave day, I walked to Whitehall. Pepys. 3. Making a fine show or display. [Archaic] Wear my dagger with the braver grace. Shak. For I have gold, and therefore will be brave. In silks I'll rattle it of every color. Robert Greene. Frog and lizard in holiday coats And turtle brave in his golden spots. Emerson. Syn. Ð Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; valorous; bold; heroic; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; magnanimous; highÐspirited; stoutÐhearted. See Gallant. Brave (?), n. 1. A brave person; one who is daring. The starÐspangled banner, O,long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. F.S.Key. 2. Specifically, an Indian warrior. 3. A man daring beyond discretion; a bully. Hot braves like thee may fight. Dryden. 4. A challenge; a defiance; bravado. [Obs.] Demetrius, thou dost overween in all; And so in this, to bear me down with braves. Shak. Brave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bravedÿ(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Braving.] 1. To encounter with courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to defy; to dare. These I can brave, but those I can not bear. Dryden. 2. To adorn; to make fine or showy. [Obs.] Thou [a tailor whom Grunio was browbeating] hast braved meny men; brave not me; I'll neither be faced or braved. Shak.] Brave¶ly (?), adv. 1. In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly. 2. Finely; gaudily; gayly; showily. And [she] decked herself bravely to allure the eyes of all men that should see her. Judith. x. 4. 3. Well; thrivingly; prosperously. [Colloq.] Brave¶ness, n. The quality of state or being brave. Brav¶erÏy (?), n. [Cf. F. braverie.] 1. The quality of being brave; fearless; intrepidity. Remember, sir, my liege, ... The natural bravery of your isle. Shak. 2. The act of braving; defiance; bravado. [Obs.] Reform, then, without bravery or scandal of former times and persons. 3. Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance; ostentation; fine dress. With scarfs and fans and double change of bravery. Shak. Like a stately ship... With all her bravery on, and tackle trim. Milton. 4. A showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau. [Obs.] A man that is the bravery of his age. Beau. & Fl. Syn. Ð Courage; heroism; interpidity; gallantry; valor; fearlessness; dauntlessness; hardihood; manfulness. See Courage, and Heroism. Brav¶ing (?), n. A bravado; a boast. With so proud a strain Of threats and bravings. Chapman. Brav¶ingÏly (?), adv. In a defiant manner. Bra¶vo (?), n.; pl. Bravoesÿ(?). [I. See Brave, a.] A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or murderer. Safe from detection, seize the unwary prey. And stab, like bravoes, all who come this way. Churchill. Bra¶vo (?), interj. [It. See Brave.] Well done? excellent? an exclamation expressive of applause. Ø BraÏvu¶ra (?), n. [It., (properly) bravery, spirit, from bravo. See Brave.] (Mus.) A florid, brilliant style of music, written for effect, to show the range and flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill of a performer; virtuoso music. Aria di bravura (?) [It.], a florid air demanding brilliant execution. Brawl (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Brawled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Brawling.] [OE. braulen to quarrel, boast, brallen to cry, make a noise; cf. LG. brallen to brag, MHG. pr?ulen, G. prahlen, F. brailler to cry, shout, Pr. brailar, braillar, W. bragal to vociferate, brag, Armor. bragal to romp, to strut, W. broliaw to brag, brawl boast. ?95.] 1. To quarrel noisily and outrageously. Let a man that is a man consider that he is a fool that brawleth openly with his wife. Golden Boke. 2. To complain loudly; to scold. 3. To make a loud confused noise, as the water of a rapid stream running over stones. Where the brook brawls along the painful road. Wordsworth. Syn. Ð To wrangle; squabble; contend. Brawl (?), n. A noisy quarrel; loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult; as, a drunken brawl. His sports were hindered by the brawls. Shak. Syn. Ð Noise; quarrel; uproar; row; tumult. Brawl¶er (?), n. One that brawls; wrangler. Common brawlers (Law), one who disturbs a neighborhood by brawling (and is therefore indictable at common law as a nuisance). Wharton. Brawl¶ing, a. 1. Quarreling; quarrelsome; noisy. She is an irksome brawling scold. Shak. 2. Making a loud confused noise. See Brawl, v. i., 3. A brawling stream. J.S. Shairp. Brawl¶ingÏly, adv. In a brawling manner. Brawn (?), n. [OF. braon fleshy part, muscle, fr. HG. br?to flesh, G. braten roast meat; akin to Icel. br?? flesh, food of beasts, AS. br?de roast meat, br?dan to roast, G. braten, and possibly to E. breed.] 1. A muscle; flesh. [Obs.] Formed well of brawns and of bones. Chaucer. 2. Full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg, muscular strength; a protuberant muscular part of the body; sometimes, the arm. Brawn without brains is thine. Dryden. It was ordained that murderers should be brent on the brawn of the left hand. E. Hall. And in my vantbrace put this withered brawn. Shak. 3. The flesh of a boar; also, the salted and prepared flesh of a boar. The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which time it is best to geld him, or sell him for brawn. Mortimer. 4. A boar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Brawned (?), a. Brawny; strong; muscular. [Obs.] Spenser. Brawn¶er (?), n. A boor killed for the table. Brawn¶iÏness (?), n. The quality or state of being brawny. Brawn¶y (?), a. Having large, strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong. ½Brawny limbs.¸ W.Irving. Syn. Ð Muscular; fleshy; strong; bulky; sinewy; athletic; stalwart; powerful; robust. Brax¶y (?), n. [Cf. AS. breac rheum, broc sickness, Ir. bracha corruption. Jamieson.] 1. A disease of sheep. The term is variously applied in different localities. [Scot.] 2. A diseased sheep, or its mutton. Bray (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Braying.] [OE. brayen, OF. breier, F. broyer to pound, grind, fr. OHG. brehhan to break. See Break.] To pound, beat, rub, or grind small or fine. Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar, ... yet will not his foolishness depart from him. Prov. xxvii. 22. Bray, v. i. [ OE brayen, F. braire to bray, OF. braire to cry, fr. LL. bragire to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E. break; or perh. of imitative origin.] 1. To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass. Laugh, and they Return it louder than an ass can bray. Dryden. 2. To make a harsh, grating, or discordant noise. Heard ye the din of battle bray? Gray. Bray, v. t. To make or utter with a loud, discordant, or harsh and grating sound. Arms on armor clashing, brayed Horrible discord. MIlton. And varying notes the war pipes brayed. Sir W.Scott. Bray, n. The harsh cry of an ass; also, any harsh, grating, or discordant sound. The bray and roar of multitudinous London. Jerrold. Bray, n. [OE. braye, brey, brew, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill, bank, Scot. bra, brae, bray, fr. AS. br?w eyebrow, influenced by the allied Icel. br? eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. br? yebrow. See Brow.] A bank; the slope of a hill; a hill. See Brae, which is now the usual spelling. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Fairfax. Bray¶er (?), n. An implement for braying and spreading ink in hand printing. Bray¶er, n. One that brays like an ass. Pope. Bray¶ing, a. Making a harsh noise; blaring, ½Braying trumpets.¸ Shak. Braze (?), v. i.[imp. & p. p. Brazedÿ(?); p. pr & vb. n. Brazing.][F. braser to solder, fr. Icel. brasa to harden by fire. Cf. Brass.] 1. To solder with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; as, to braze the seams of a copper pipe. 2. To harden. ½Now I am brazes to it.¸ Shak. Braze (?), v. t. [AS. br‘sian, fr. br‘s brass. See Brass.] To cover or ornament with brass. Chapman. Bra¶zen (?), a.[OE. brasen, AS. br‘sen. See Brass.] 1. Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, brass. 2. Sounding harsh and loud, like resounding brass. 3. Impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front like brass; as, a brazen countenance. Brazen age. (a) (Muth.) The age of war and lawlessness which succeeded the silver age. (b) (Arch‘ol.)ÿSee under Bronze. Ð Brazen sea (Jewish Antiq.), a large laver of brass, placed in Solomon's temple for the use of the priests. Bra¶zen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brazened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Brazening.] To carry through impudently or shamelessly; as, to brazen the matter through. Sabina brazened it out before Mrs. Wygram, but inwardly she was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect. W.Black. Bra¶zenÏbrowed· (?), a. Shamelessly impudent. Sir T.Browne. Bra¶zenÏface· (?), n. An impudent of shameless person. ½Well said, brazenface; hold it out.¸ Shak. Bra¶zenÏfaced· (?), a. Impudent; shameless. Bra¶zenÏly (?), adv. In a bold, impudent manner.

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Bra¶zenÏness (?), n. The quality or state of being brazen. Johnson. Bra¶zier (?), n. Same as Brasier. ØBraz·iÏlet¶to (?), n. [Cf. Pg. & Sp. brasilete, It. brasiletto.] See Brazil wood. BraÏzil¶ian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Brasil. Ð n. A native or an inhabitant of Brazil. Brazilian pebble. See Pebble, n., 2. Braz¶iÏlin (?), n. [Cf. F. br‚siline. See Brazil.] (Chem.) A substance contained in both Brazil wood and Sapan wood, from which it is extracted as a yellow crystalline substance which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies. [Written also brezilin.] BraÏzil¶ nut· (?). (Bot.) An oily, threeÐsided nut, the seed of the Bertholletia excelsa; the cream nut. µ From eighteen to twentyÐfour of the seed or ½nuts¸ grow in a hard and nearly globular shell. BraÏzil¶ wood· (?). [OE. brasil, LL. brasile (cf. Pg. & Sp. brasil, Pr. bresil, Pr. bresil); perh. from Sp. or Pg. brasa a live coal (cf. Braze, Brasier); or Ar. vars plant for dyeing red or yellow. This name was given to the wood from its color; and it is said that King Emanuel, of Portugal, gave the name Brazil to the country in South America on account of its producing this wood.] 1. The wood of the oriental C‘salpinia Sapan; Ð so called before the discovery of America. 2. A very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported from Brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinetÐwork, and for dyeing. The best is the heartwood of C‘salpinia echinata, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it. An interior sort comes from Jamaica, the timber of C. Braziliensis and C. crista. This is often distinguished as Braziletto , but the better kind is also frequently so named. Breach (?), n. [OE. breke, breche, AS. brice, gebrice, gebrece (in comp.), fr. brecan to break; akin to Dan. br‘k, MHG. breche, gap, breach. See Break, and cf. Brake (the instrument), Brack a break]. 1. The act of breaking, in a figurative sense. 2. Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; nonÐfulfillment; as a breach of contract; a breach of promise. 3. A gap or opening made made by breaking or battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead. Shak. 4. A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the waters themselves; surge; surf. The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. 2 Sam. v. 20? A clear breach implies that the waves roll over the vessel without breaking. Ð A clean breach implies that everything on deck is swept away. Ham. Nav. Encyc. 5. A breaking up of amicable relations; rupture. There's fallen between him and my lord An unkind breach. Shak. 6. A bruise; a wound. Breach for breach, eye for eye. Lev. xxiv.20? 7. (Med.) A hernia; a rupture. 8. A breaking out upon; an assault. The Lord had made a breach upon Uzza. 1.Chron.xiii.11? Breach of falth, a breaking, or a failure to keep, an expressed or implied promise; a betrayal of confidence or trust. Ð Breach of peace, disorderly conduct, disturbing the public peace. Ð Breach of privilege, an act or default in violation of the privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a State legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a committee. Mozley. Abbott. Ð Breach of promise, violation of one's plighted word, esp. of a promise to marry. Ð Breach of trust, violation of one's duty or faith in a matter entrusted to one. Syn. Ð Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break; disruption; fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement; violation; quarrel; dispute; contention; difference; misunderstanding. Breach, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Breached (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Breaching.] To make a breach or opening in; as, to breach the walls of a city. Breach, v. i. To break the water, as by leaping out; Ð said of a whale. Breach¶y (?),a. Apt to break fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; as, breachy cattle. Bread (?), v. t. [AS. br‘dan to make broad, to spread. See Broad, a.] To spread. [Obs.] Ray. Bread (?), n. [AS. bre d; akin to OFries. br¾d, OS. br?d, D. brood, G. brod, brot, Icel. brau?, Sw. & Dan. br”d. The root is probably that of E. brew. ? See Brew.] 1. An article of food made from flour or meal by moistening, kneading, and baking. µ Raised bread is made with yeast, salt, and sometimes a little butter or lard, and is mixed with warm milk or water to form the dough, which, after kneading, is given time to rise before baking. Ð Cream of tartar bread is raised by the action of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate (as saleratus or ammonium bicarbonate) and cream of tartar (acid tartrate of potassium) or some acid. ÐUnleavened bread is usually mixed with water and salt only. A‰rated bread. See under A?rated. Bread and butter (fig.), means of living. Ð Brown bread, Indian bread, Graham bread, Rye and Indian bread. See Brown bread, under Brown. Ð Bread tree. See Breadfruit. 2. Food; sustenance; support of life, in general. Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11? Bread, v. t. (Cookery) To cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; as, breaded cutlets. Bread¶bas·ket (?), n. The stomach. [Humorous] S. Foote. Bread¶corn· (?). Corn of grain of which bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc. Bread¶ed, a. Braided [Obs.] Spenser. Bread¶en (?), a. Made of bread. [R.] Bread¶fruit· (?), n. (Bot.) 1. The fruit of a tree (Artocarpus incisa) found in the islands of the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name. 2. (Bot.) The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called also breadfruit tree and bread tree. Bread¶less, a. Without bread; destitude of food. Plump peers and breadless bards alike are dull. P.Whitehead. Bread·root¶ (?), n. (Bot.) The root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta), found near the Rocky Mountains. It is usually oval in form, and abounds in farinaceous matter, affording sweet and palatable food. µ It is the Pomme blanche of Canadian voyageurs. Bread¶stuff (?), n. Grain, flour, or meal of which bread is made. Breadth (?), n. [OE. brede, breede, whence later bredette, AS. br?du, fr. br¾d broad. See Broad, a.] 1. Distance from side to side of any surface or thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length; width. 42. (Fine Arts) The quality of having the colors and shadows broad and massive, and the arrangement of objects such as to avoid to great multiplicity of details, producing an impression of largeness and simple grandeur; Ð called also breadth of effect. Breadth of coloring is a prominent character in the painting of all great masters. Weale. Breadth¶less, a. Without breadth. Breadth¶ways (?), ads. Breadthwise. Whewell. Breadth¶wise (?), ads. In the direction of the breadth. Breadth¶win·ner (?), n. The member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the family; one who works for his living. H. Spencer. Breakÿ(?), v. t. [imp. broke (?), (Obs. Brake); p.p. Broken (?), (Obs. Broke); p. pr. & vb. n. Breaking.] [OE. breken, AS. brecan; akin to OS. brekan, D. breken, OHG. brehhan, G. brechen, Icel.braka to creak, Sw. braka, br„kka to crack, Dan. br‘kke to break, Goth. brikan to break, L. frangere. Cf. Bray to pound, Breach, Fragile.] 1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal; to break a lock. Shak. 2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of goods. 3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate. Katharine, break thy mind to me. Shak. 4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise. Out, out, hyena ? these are thy wonted arts... To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray. Milton 5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's journey. Go, release them, Ariel; My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore. Shak. 6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to break a set. 7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares. 8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments. The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity. Prescott. 9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar bill. 10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to break flax. 11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind. An old man, broken with the storms of state. Shak. 12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow. I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall. Dryden. 13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; Ð with to, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend. 14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. ½To break a colt.¸ Spenser. Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute? Shak. 15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin. With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks, Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks. Dryden. 16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss. I see a great officer broken. Swift. With prepositions or adverbs: Ð To break down. (a) To crush; to overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down opposition. (b) To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break down a door or wall. Ð To break in. (a) To force in; as, to break in a door. (b) To train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in. ÐTo break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of a habit.Ð To break off. (a) To separate by breaking; as, to break off a twig.(b) To stop suddenly; to abandon. ½Break off thy sins by righteousness.¸ Dan. iv.27. Ð To break open, to open by breaking. ½Open the door, or I will break it open.¸ Shak. Ð To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out a pane of glass. Ð To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily. Ð To break through. (a) To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as to break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice. (b) To disregard; as, to break through the ceremony. Ð To break up. (a) To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground). ½Break up this capon.¸ Shak. ½Break up your fallow ground.¸ Jer. iv. 3? (b) To dissolve; to put an end to. ½Break up the court.¸ Shak. To break (one) all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset. [Colloq.] With an immediate object: Ð To break the back. (a) To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally. (b) To get through the worst part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking. Ð To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars.ÐTo break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted. Ð To break a deer or stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share. Ð To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See Breakfast. Ð To break ground. (a) To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad. (b) Fig.: To begin to execute any plan. (c) (Naut.) To release the anchor from the bottom. Ð To break the heart, to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief. Ð To break a house (Law), to remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it. Ð To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject. Ð To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means. Ð To break a jest, to utter a jest. ½Patroclus...the livelong day break scurril jests.¸ Shak. Ð To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course. Ð To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest. Ð To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. Ð To break no squares, to create no trouble. [Obs.] Ð To break a path, road, etc., too open a way through obstacles by force or labor. Ð To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; Ð a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries. Ð To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus. Syn. Ð To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate. Break (?), v. i. 1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder. 2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag. Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out. Math. ix. 17.? 3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to dawn. The day begins to break, and night is fied. Shak. And from the turf a fountain broke, and gurgled at our feet. Wordswoorth. 4. To burst forth violently, as a storm. The clouds are still above; and, while I speak, A second deluge o'er our head may break. Shak. 5. To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated; as, the clouds are breaking. At length the darkness begins to break. Macawlay. 6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength. See how the dean begins to break; Poor gentleman ? he droops apace. Swift. 7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart is breaking. 8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt. He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to poverty. Bacn. 9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to break into a run or gallop. 10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty. 11. To fall out; to terminate friendship. To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrowÐspirited. Collier. With prepositions or adverbs: Ð To break away, to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance. Fear me not, man; I will not break away. Shak. ÐTo break down. (a) To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke down. (b) To fail in any undertaking. He had broken down almost at the outset. Thackeray. Ð To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc. ½Then shall thy light break forth as the morning.¸ Isa. lviii. 8; Ð often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. ½Break forth into singing, ye mountains.¸ Isa. xliv. 23. Ð To break from, to go away from abruptly. This radiant from the circling crowd he broke. Dryden. Ð To break into, to enter by breaking; as, to break into a house. Ð To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly. ½This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him.¸ Milton. Ð To break loose. (a) To extricate one's self forcibly. ½Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell?¸ Milton. (b) To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. Ð To break off. (a) To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence. (b) To desist or cease suddenly. ½Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so.¸ Shak. Ð To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. Ð To break out. (a) To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. ½For in the wilderness

<-- p. 178 -->

shall waters break out, and stream in the desert.¸ Isa. xxxv. 6

(b) To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; Ð said of a disease. (c) To have a rash or eruption on the akin; Ð said of a patient. Ð To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits. Ð To break up. (a) To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next storm. (b) To disperse.½The company breaks up.¸ I.Watts. Ð To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. Ð To break with. (a) To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship. ½It can not be the Volsces dare break with us.¸ Shak. Ð ½If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken with him altogether.¸ Thackeray. (b) To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak [Obs.] ½I will break with her and with her father.¸ Shak. Break (?), n. [See Break, v. t., and cf. Brake (the instrument), Breach, Brack a crack.] 1. An opening made by fracture or disruption. 2. An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as , a break in a wall; a break in the deck of a ship. Specifically: (a) (Arch.) A projection or recess from the face of a building. (b) (Elec.) An opening or displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical current. 3. An interruption; a pause; as, a break in friendship; a break in the conversation. 4. An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc. All modern trash is Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes. Swift. 5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; as, the break of day; the break of dawn. 6. A large fourÐwheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind. 7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See Brake, n. 9 & 10. 8. (Teleg.) See Commutator. Break¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being broken. Break¶age (?), n. 1. The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles broken. 2. An allowance or compensation for things broken accidentally, as in transportation or use. Break¶bone· fe·ver (?). (Med.) See Dengue. Break¶Ïcir·cuit (?), n.(Elec.) A key or other device for breaking an electrical circuit. Break¶down· (?), n. 1. The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall. 2. (a) A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in succession, as among the colored people of the Southern United States, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued until most of those who take part in it break down. (b) Any rude, noisy dance performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a time. [U.S.] Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going to have a breakdown to wind up with. New Eng. Tales. Break¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, breaks. I'll be no breaker of the law. Shak. 2. Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such a machine is placed. 3. (Naut.) A small water cask. Totten. 4. A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface. The breakers were right beneath her bows. Longfellow. Break¶fast (?), n. [Break + fast.] 1. The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the first meal. A sorry breakfast for my lord protector. Shak. 2. A meal after fasting, or food in general. The wolves will get a breakfast by my death. Dryden. Break¶fast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. breakfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Breakfasting.] To break one's fast in the morning; too eat the first meal in the day. First, sir, I read, and then I breakfast. Prior. Break¶fast, v. t. To furnish with breakfast. Milton. Break¶man (?), n. See Brakeman. Break¶neck· (?), n. 1. A fall that breaks the neck. 2. A steep place endangering the neck. Break¶neck· (?), a. Producing danger of a broken neck; as, breakneck speed. Break¶Ïup· (?), n. Disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a breakÐup of an assembly or dinner party; a breakÐup of the government. Break¶wa·ter (?), n. Any structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from their violence. Breamÿ(?), n. [OE. breme, brem, F. brˆme, OF. bresme, of German origin; cf. OHG. brahsema, brahsina, OLG. bressemo, G. brassen. Cf. Brasse.] 1. (Zo”l) A European freshÐwater cyprinoid fish of the genus Abramis, little valued as food. Several species are known. 2. (Zo”l) An American freshÐwater fish, of various species of Pomotis and allied genera, which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes. See Pondfish. 3. (Zo”l) A marine sparoid fish of the genus Pagellus, and allied genera. See Sea Bream. Bream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Breaming.] [Cf. Broom, and G. ein schiff brennen.] (Naut.) To clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent shells, seaweed, etc., by the application of fire and scraping. Breast (?), n. [OE. brest, breost, As. bre¢st; akin to Icel. brj?st, Sw. br”st, Dan. bryst, Goth. brusts, OS. briost, D. borst, G. brust.] 1. The fore part of the body, between the neck and the belly; the chest; as, the breast of a man or of a horse. 2. Either one of the protuberant glands, situated on the front of the chest or thorax in the female of man and of some other mammalia, in which milk is secreted for the nourishment of the young; a mammma; a teat. My brother, that sucked the breasts of my mother. Cant. viii. 1. 3. Anything resembling the human breast, or bosom; the front or forward part of anything; as, a chimney breast; a plow breast; the breast of a hill. Mountains on whose barren breast The laboring clouds do often rest. Milton. 4. (Mining) (a) The face of a coal working. (b) The front of a furnace. 5. The seat of consciousness; the repository of thought and selfÐconsciousness, or of secrets; the seat of the affections and passions; the heart. He has a loyal breast. Shak. 6. The power of singing; a musical voice; Ð so called, probably, from the connection of the voice with the lungs, which lie within the breast. [Obs.] By my troth, the fool has an excellent breast. Shak. Breast drill, a portable drilling machine, provided with a breastplate, for forcing the drill against the work. Ð Breast pang. See Angina pectoris, under Angina. Ð To make a clean breast, to disclose the secrets which weigh upon one; to make full confession. Breast, v. t. [imp. & p. p.Breasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Breasted.] To meet, with the breast; to struggle with or oppose manfully; as, to breast the storm or waves. The court breasted the popular current by sustaining the demurrer. Wirt. To breast up a hedge, to cut the face of it on one side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the plants. Breast¶band· (?), n. A band for the breast. Specifically: (Naut.) A band of canvas, or a rope, fastened at both ends to the rigging, to support the man who heaves the lead in sounding. Breast¶beam· (?), n. (Mach.) The front transverse beam of a locomotive. Breast¶bone· (?), n. The bone of the breast; the sternum. Breast¶Ïdeep· (?), a. Deep as from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast. See him breastÐdeep in earth, and famish him. Shak. Breast¶ed, a. Having a breast; Ð used in composition with qualifying words, in either a literal or a metaphorical sense; as, a singleÐbreasted coat. The close minister is buttoned up, and the brave officer openÐbreasted, on these occasions. Spectator. Breast¶fast· (?), n. (Naut.) A large rope to fasten the midship part of a ship to a wharf, or to another vessel. Breast¶height· (?), n. The interior slope of a fortification, against which the garnison lean in firing. Breast¶Ïhigh· (?), a. High as the breast. Breast¶hook·ÿ(?), n. (Naut.) A thick piece of timber in the form of a knee, placed across the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore part and unite the bows on each side. Totten. Breast¶ing, n. (Mach.) The curved channel in which a breast wheel turns. It is closely adapted to the curve of the wheel through about a quarter of its circumference, and prevents the escape of the water until it has spent its force upon the wheel. See Breast wheel. Breast¶knot· (?), n. A pin worn of the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a brooch. Breast¶plate· (?), n. 1. A plate of metal covering the breast as defensive armor. Before his old rusty breastplate could be scoured, and his cracked headpiece mended. Swift. 2. A piece against which the workman presses his breast in operating a breast drill, or other similar tool. 3. A strap that runs across a horse's breast. Ash. 4. (Jewish Antiq.) A part of the vestment of the high priest, worn upon the front of the ephod. It was a double piece of richly embroidered stuff, a span square, set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. See Ephod. Breat¶plow·, Breast¶plough· (?), n. A kind of plow, driven by the breast of the workman; Ð used to cut or pare turf. Breast¶rall· (?), n. The upper rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a balcony; the railing of a quarterÐdeck, etc. Breast¶rope·(?), n. See Breastband. Breast¶sum·merÿ3, n. (Arch.) A summer or girder extending across a building flush with, and supporting, the upper part of a front or external wall; a long lintel; a girder; Ð used principally above shop windows. [Written also brestsummer and bressummer.] Breast¶wheel·ÿ(?), n. A water wheel, on which the stream of water strikes neither so high as in the overshot wheel, nor so low as in the undershot, but generally at about half the height of the wheel, being kept in contact with it by the breasting. The water acts on the float boards partly by impulse, partly by its weight. Breast¶work· (?), n. 1. (Fort.) A defensive work of moderate height, hastily thrown up, of earth or other material. 2. (Naut.) A railing on the quarterÐdeck and forecastle. Breathÿ(?), n. [OE. breth, breeth, AS. br?? odor, scent, breath; cf. OHG. br¾dam steam, vapor, breath, G. brodem, and possibly E. Brawn, and Breed.] 1. The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration, air which, in the process of respiration, has parted with oxygen and has received carbonic acid, aqueous vapor, warmth, etc. Melted as breath into the wind. Shak. 2. The act of breathing naturally or freely; the power or capacity to breathe freely; as, I am out of breath. 3. The power of respiration, and hence, life. Hood. Thou takest away their breath, they die. Ps. civ. 29. 4. Time to breathe; respite; pause. Give me some breath, some little pause. Shak. 5. A single respiration, or the time of making it; a single act; an instant. He smiles and he frowns in a breath. Dryden. 6. Fig.: That which gives or strengthens life. The earthquake voice of victory, To thee the breath of life. Byron. 7. A single word; the slightest effort; a triffle. A breath can make them, as a breath has made. Goldsmith. 8. A very slight breeze; air in gentle motion. Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea, When not a breath of wind flies o'er its surface. Addison. 9. Fragrance; exhalation; odor; perfume. Tennison. The breath of flowers. Bacon. 10. Gentle exercise, causing a quicker respiration. An after dinner's breath. Shak. Out of breath, breathless, exhausted; breathing with difficulty. Ð Under one's breath, in low tones. Breath¶aÏbleÿ(?), a. Such as can be breathed. Breath¶aÏbleÏness, n. State of being breathable. Breathe (?),v. i. [imp. & p. p Breathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Breathing.] [From Breath.] 1. To respire; to inhale and exhale air; hence;, to live. ½I am in health, I breathe.¸ Shak. Breathes there a man with soul so dead? Sir W. Scott. 2. To take breath; to rest from action. Well? breathe awhile, and then to it again? Shak. 3. To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to exhale; to emanate; to blow gently. The air breathes upon us here most sweetly. Shak. There breathes a living fragrance from the shore. Byron. Breathe, v. t. 1. To inhale and exhale in the process of respiration; to respire. To view the light of heaven, and breathe the vital air. Dryden. 2. To inject by breathing; to infuse; Ð with into. Able to breathe life into a stone. Shak. And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Gen. ii. 7. 3. To emit or utter by the breath; to utter softly; to whisper; as, to breathe a vow. He softly breathed thy name. Dryden. Or let the church, our mother, breathe her curse, A mother's curse, on her revolting son. Shak. 4. To exhale; to emit, as breath; as, the flowers breathe odors or perfumes. 5. To express; to manifest; to give forth. Others articles breathe the same severe spirit. Milner. 6. To act upon by the breath; to cause to sound by breathing. ½They breathe the flute.¸ Prior. 7. To promote free respiration in; to exercise. And every man should beat thee. I think thou wast created for men to breathe themselves upon thee. Shak. 8. To suffer to take breath, or recover the natural breathing; to rest; as, to breathe a horse. A moment breathed his panting steed. Sir W. Scott. 9. To put out of breath; to exhaust. Mr. Tulkinghorn arrives in his turret room, a little breathed by the journey up. Dickens. 10. (Phonetics) To utter without vocality, as the nonvocal consonants. The same sound may be pronounces either breathed, voiced, or whispered. H. Sweet. Breathed elements, being already voiceless, remain unchanged [in whispering]. H. Sweet. To breathe again, to take breath; to feel a sense of relief, as from danger, responsibility, or press of business. Ð To breathe one's last, to die; to expire. Ð To breathe a vein, to open a vein; to let blood. Dryden. Breath¶erÿ(?), n. 1. One who breathes. Hence: (a) One who lives.(b) One who utters. (c) One who animates or inspires. 2. That which puts one out of breath, as violent exercise. [Colloq.] Breath¶ful (?), a. Full of breath; full of odor; fragrant. [Obs.] Breath¶ingÿ(?), n. 1. Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air. Subject to a difficulty of breathing. Melmoth. 2. Air in gentle motion. 3. Any gentle influence or operation; inspiration; as, the breathings of the Spirit. 4. Aspiration; secret prayer. ½Earnest desires and breathings after that blessed state.¸ Tillotson. 5. Exercising; promotion of respiration. Here is a lady that wants breathing too; And I have heard, you knights of Tyre Are excellent in making ladies trip. Shak. 6. Utterance; communication or publicity by words. I am sorry to give breathing to my purpose. Shak. 7. Breathing place; vent. Dryden. 8. Stop; pause; delay. You shake the head at so long a breathing. Shak. 9. Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the

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