Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1st 100 Pages) (part 3 of 3)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1st 100 Pages) (part 3 of 3)

Ar·eÏna¶tion (?), n. [L. arenatio, fr. arena sand.] (Med.) A sand bath; application of hot sand to the body. Dunglison. Ø Ar·enÏda¶tor (?), n. [LL. arendator, arrendator, fr. arendare, arrendare, to pay rent, fr. arenda yearly rent; ad + renda, F. rente, E. rent. Cf. Arrentation and Rent.] In some provinces of Russia, one who farms the rents or revenues. µ A person who rents an estate belonging to the crown is called crown arendator. Tooke. Ø AÏreng¶ (?), Ø AÏren¶ga (?), n. [Malayan.] A palm tree (Saguerus saccharifer) which furnishes sago, wine, and fibers for ropes; the gomuti palm. Ar·eÏnic¶oÏlite (?), n. [L. arena sand + colere to cherish or live.] (Paleon.) An ancient wormhole in sand, preserved in the rocks. Dana. AÏren·iÏlit¶ic (?), a. [L. arena sand + Gr. ? stone.] Of or pertaining to sandstone; as, arenilitic mountains. Kirwan. Ar¶eÏnose (?), a. [L. arenosus, fr. arena sand.] Sandy; full of sand. Johnson. AÏren¶uÏlous (?), a. [L. arenula fine sand, dim. of arena.] Full of fine sand; like sand. [Obs.] AÏre¶oÏla (?), n.; pl. Areol‘ (?). [L. areola, dim. of area: cf. F. ar‚ole. See Area.] 1. An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the surface in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers composing organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the nervures of an insect's wing. 2. (Anat. & Med.) The colored ring around the nipple, or around a vesicle or pustule. AÏre¶oÏlar (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or areol‘. ÷ tissue (Anat.), a form of fibrous connective tissue in which the fibers are loosely arranged with numerous spaces, or areol‘, between them. AÏre¶oÏlate (?), AÏre¶oÏlaÏted, } a. [L. areola: cf. F. ar‚ole.] Divided into small spaces or areolations, as the wings of insects, the leaves of plants, or the receptacle of compound flowers. A·reÏoÏla¶tion (?), n. 1. Division into areol‘. Dana. 2. Any small space, bounded by some part different in color or structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of the wings of insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an areola. A¶reÏole (?), n. Same as Areola. AÏre¶oÏlet (?), n. [Dim. of L. areola.] (Zo”l.) A small inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the wings of insects, circumscribed by the veins. A·reÏom¶eÏter (?; 277), n. [Gr. ? ??in, rare + Ïmeter: cf. F. ar‚omŠtre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a form hydrometer. A·reÏoÏmet¶ric (?), A·reÏoÏmet¶ricÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer. A·reÏom¶eÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? thin, rare + Ïmetry.] The art or process of measuring the specific gravity of fluids. Ar·eÏop¶aÏgist (?), n. See Areopagite. Ar·eÏop¶aÏgite (?), n. [L. Areopagites, Gr. ?.] A member of the Areopagus. Acts xvii. 34. Ar·eÏop·aÏgit¶ic (?), a. [L. Areopagiticus, Gr. ?.] Pertaining to the Areopagus. Mitford. Ar·eÏop¶aÏgus , n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, and ? ?, hill of Ares (Mars' Hill).] The highest judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on Mars' Hill. Hence, any high court or tribunal AÏre¶oÏstyle (?), a. & n. See Intercolumniation, and Ar‘ostyle. AÏre·oÏsys¶tyle (?), a. & n. See Intercolumniation, and Ar‘osystyle. AÏrere¶ (?), v. t. & i. Arear. [Obs.] Ellis. AÏrest¶ (?), n. A support for the spear when couched for the attack. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏret¶ (?), v. t. [OE. aretten, OF. areter; a (L. ad) + OF. reter, L. reputare. See Repute.] To reckon; to ascribe; to impute. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ar·eÏta¶ics (?), n. [Gr. ? virtue.] The ethical theory which excludes all relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; Ð contrasted with eudemonics. J. Grote. Ar·eÏtol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? virtue + ? discourse, ? to speak: cf. F. ar‚tologie.] That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of attaining to it. AÏrew¶ . adv. [See Arow, Row.] In a row. [Obs.] ½All her teeth arew.¸ Spenser. Ar¶gal (?), n. Crude tartar. See Argol. Ar¶gal, adv. A ludicrous corruption of the Latin word ergo, therefore. Shak. Ø Ar¶gal (?), Ø Ar¶gaÏli , } n. [Mongolian.] (Zo”l.) A species of wild sheep (Ovis ammon, or O. argali), remarkable for its large horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central Asia. µ The bearded argali is the aoudad. See Aoudad. The name is also applied to the bighorn sheep of the Rocky Mountains. See Bighorn. Ø Ar¶gaÏla (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The adjutant bird. Ar¶gand lamp·(?) . [Named from the inventor, Aim‚ Argand of Geneva.] A lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame. Argand burner, a burner for and Argand lamp, or a gas burner in which the principle of that lamp is applied. Ø Ar¶gas (?), n. A genus of venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The famous Persian Argas, also called Miana bug, is A. Persicus; that of Central America, called talaje by the natives, is A. Talaje. ArÏge¶an (?), a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. See Argo. Ar¶gent (?), n. [F. argent, fr. L. argentum, silver; akin to Gr. ? silver, ?, ?, white, bright, Skr. rajata white, silver, raj to shine, Ir. arg white, milk, airgiod silver, money, and L. arguere to make clear. See Argue.] 1. Silver, or money. [Archaic] 2. (Fig. & Poet.) Whiteness; anything that is white. The polished argent of her breast. Tennyson. 3. (Her.) The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness; Ð represented in engraving by a plain white surface. Weale. Ar¶gent, a. Made of silver; of a silvery color; white; shining. Yonder argent fields above. Pope. ArÏgen¶tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined with, silver. Ar¶genÏtan , n. An alloy of nicked with copper and zinc; German silver. Ar¶genÏtate , a. [L. argentatus silvered.] (Bot.) Silvery white. Gray. Ar·genÏta¶tion , n. [L. argentare to silver, fr. argentum silver. See Argent.] A coating or overlaying with silver. [R.] Johnson. ArÏgen¶tic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, silver; Ð said of certain compounds of silver in which this metal has its lowest proportion; as, argentic chloride. Ar·genÏtif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. argentum silver + Ïferous: cf. F. argentifŠre.] Producing or containing silver; as, argentiferous lead ore or veins. Ar¶genÏtine (?; in the 2d sense, commonly ?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery. Celestial Dian, goddess argentine. Shak. 2. Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in South America. Ar¶genÏtine, n. [Cf. F. argentin, fr. L. argentum silver.] 1. (Min.) A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silveryÐwhite, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure. 2. White metal coated with silver. Simmonds. 3. (Zo”l.) A fish of Europe (Maurolicus Pennantii) with silvery scales. The name is also applied to various fishes of the genus Argentina. 4. A citizen of the Argentine Republic. Ar¶genÏtite (?), n. [L. argentum silver.] (Min.) Sulphide of silver; Ð also called vitreous silver, or silver glance. It has a metallic luster, a leadÐgray color, and is sectile like lead. ArÏgen¶tous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver; Ð said of certain silver compounds in which silver has a higher proportion than in argentic compounds; as, argentous chloride. Ar¶gentÏry (?), n. [F. argenterie, fr. argent silver, L. argentum.] Silver plate or vessels. [Obs.] Bowls of frosted argentry. Howell. Ar¶gil (?), n. [F. argile, L. argilla white clay, akin to Gr. ? or ? ~, ? white. See Argent.] (Min.) Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure clay, or alumina. See Clay. Ar·gilÏla¶ceous (?), a. [L. argillaceus, fr. argilla.] Of the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or clay; clayey. ÷ sandstone (Geol.), a sandstone containing much clay. Ð ÷ iron ore, the clay ironstone. Ð ÷ schist or state. See Argillite. Ar·gilÏlif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. argilla white clay + Ïferous.] Producing clay; Ð applied to such earths as abound with argil. Kirwan. Ar¶gilÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ? clay + Ïlite.] (Min.) Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is bluish or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red, etc. Ð Ar·gilÏlit¶ic , a. ArÏgil·loÐare·eÏna¶ceous (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a soil. ArÏgil·loÐcalÏca¶reÏous (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous earth. ArÏgil·loÐferÏru¶giÏnous (?), a. Containing clay and iron. ArÏgil¶lous (?), a. [L. argillosus, fr. argilla. See Argil.] Argillaceous; clayey. Sir T. Browne. Ar¶give (?), a. [L. Argivus, fr. Argos, Argi.] Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece. Ð n. A native of Argos. Often used as a generic term, equivalent to Grecian or Greek. Ø Ar¶go (?), n. [L. Argo, Gr. ?.] 1. (Myth.) The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fiftyfour companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece. 2. (Astron.) A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also Argo Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three divisions, Carina, Puppis, and Vela. ArÏgo¶an (?), a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. Ar¶goile (?), n. Potter's clay. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ar¶gol (?), n. [Cf. Argal, Orgal. Of unknown origin.] Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar is prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited from wines on the sides of the casks. Ure. ArÏgol¶ic (?), a. [L. Argolicus, Gr. ?.] Pertaining to Argolis, a district in the Peloponnesus. Ar¶gon (?), n. [Gr. ? inactive.] (Chem.) A substance regarded as an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its chemical inertness. Rayleigh and Ramsay. Ar¶goÏnaut (?), n. [L. Argonauta, Gr. ?; ? + ? sailor, ? ship. See Argo.] 1. Any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece. 2.ÿ(Zo”l.) A cephalopod of the genus Argonauta. Ø Ar·goÏnau¶ta (?), n. (Zo”l.) A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is called paper nautilus or paper sailor. µ The animal has much resemblance to an Octopus. It has eight arms, two of which are expanded at the end and clasp the shell, but are never elevated in the air for sails as was formerly supposed. The creature swims beneath the surface by means of a jet of water, like other cephalopods. The male has no shell, and is much smaller than the female. See He???ocotylus. Ar¶goÏnaut¶ic (?), a. [L. Argonauticus.] Of or pertaining to the Argonauts. Ar¶goÏsy (?), n.; pl. Argosies (?). [Earlier ragusy, fr. ragusa meaning orig. a vessel of Ragusa.] A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of the largest size. Where your argosies with portly sail... Do overpeer the petty traffickers. Shak. Ø Ar·got¶ (?), n. [F. Of unknown origin.] A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash. Ar¶guÏaÏble (?), a. Capable of being argued; admitting of debate. Ar¶gue (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Argued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arguing.] [OE. arguen, F. arguer, fr. L. argutare, freq. of arguere to make clear; from the same root as E. argent.] 1. To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to reason. I argue not Against Heaven's hand or will. Milton. 2. To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason; Ð followed by with; as, you may argue with your friend without convincing him. Ar¶gue, v. t. 1. To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel argued the cause before a full court; the cause was well argued. 2. To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by inference, deduction, or reasoning. So many laws argue so many sins. Milton. 3. To persuade by reasons; as, to argue a man into a different opinion. 4. To blame; to accuse; to charge with. [Obs.] Thoughts and expressions... which can be truly argued of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality. Dryden. Syn. - to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate; remonstrate; controvert. Ð To Argue, Dispute, Debate. These words, as here compared, suppose a contest between two parties in respect to some point at issue. To argue is to adduce arguments or reasons in support of one's cause or position. To dispute is to call in question or deny the statements or arguments of the opposing party. To debate is to strive for or against in a somewhat formal manner by arguments. Men of many words sometimes argue for the sake of talking; men of ready tongues frequently dispute for the sake of victory; men in public life often debate for the sake of opposing the ruling party, or from any other motive than the love of truth. Crabb. Unskilled to argue, in dispute yet loud, Bold without caution, without honors proud. Falconer. Betwixt the dearest friends to raise debate. Dryden. Ar¶guÏer (?), n. One who argues; a reasoner; a disputant. Ar¶guÏfy (?), v. t. & i. [Argue + Ïfly.] 1. To argue pertinaciously. [Colloq.] Halliwell. 2. To signify. [Colloq.] Ø Ar¶guÏlus (?), n. [NL., dim of Argus.] (Zo”l.) A genus of copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish louse. See Branchiura. Ar¶guÏment (?), n. [F. argument, L. argumentum, fr. arguere to argue.] 1. Proof; evidence. [Obs.] There is.. no more palpable and convincing argument of the existence of a Deity. Ray. Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an argument of parts for a man to commence atheist, and to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for religion? South. 2. A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; as, an argument about, concerning, or regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it, or against it. 3. A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation. The argument is about things, but names. Locke. 4. The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem. You and love are still my argument. Shak. The abstract or argument of the piece. Jeffrey. [Shields] with boastful argument portrayed. Milton. 5. Matter for question; business in hand. [Obs.] Sheathed their swords for lack of argument. Shak. 6. (Astron.) The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the argument of the refraction. 7. (Math.) The independent variable upon whose value that of a function depends. Brande & C.

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Ar¶guÏment (?), v. i. [L. argumentari.] To make an argument; to argue. [Obs.] Gower. Ar·guÏmen¶taÏble (?), a. [L. argumentabilis.] Admitting of argument. [R.] Chalmers. Ar·guÏmen¶tal (?), a. [L. argumentalis.] Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative. Ar·guÏmenÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. argumentatio, from argumentari: cf. F. argumentation.] 1. The act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true. Which manner of argumentation, how false and naught it is,... every man that hath with perceiveth. Tyndale. 2. Debate; discussion. Syn. - Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See Reasoning. Ar·guÏmen¶taÏtive (?), a. 1. Consisting of, or characterized by, argument; containing a process of reasoning; as, an argumentative discourse. 2. Adductive as proof; indicative; as, the adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator. [Obs.] 3. Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; as, an argumentative writer. Ð Ar·guÏmen¶taÏtiveÏly, adv. Ð Ar·guÏmen¶taÏtiveÏness, n. Ar¶guÏmenÏtize (?), v. i. To argue or discuss. [Obs.] Wood. Ø Ar¶gus (?), n. [L. Argus, Gr. ?.] 1. (Myth.) A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were transplanted to the peacock's tail. 2. One very vigilant; a guardian always watchful. 3.ÿ(Zo”l.) A genus of East Indian pheasants. The common species (A. giganteus) is remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail feathers of the male. The species A. Grayi inhabits Borneo. Ar¶gusÐeyed (?), a. Extremely observant; watchful; sharpÐsighted. Ar¶gus shell· (?) . (Zo”l.) A species of shell (Cypr‘a argus), beutifully variegated with spots resembling those in a peacock's tail. Ar·guÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. argutatio. See Argue.] Caviling; subtle disputation. [Obs.] ArÏgute¶ (?), a. [L. argutus, p. p. of arguere. See Argue.] 1. Sharp; shrill. [Obs.] Johnson. 2. Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd. The active preacher... the argue schoolman. Milman. ArÏgute¶ly, adv. In a subtle; shrewdly. ArÏgute¶ness, n. Acuteness. Dryden. AÏrhi¶zal (?), AÏrhi¶zous (?), AÏrhyth¶Ïmic (?), AÏrhyth¶mous (?), a. See Arrhizal, Arrhizous, Arrhythmic, Arrhythmous. Ø A¶riÏa (?), n. [It., fr. L. a‰r. See Air.] (Mus.) An air or song; a melody; a tune. µ The Italian term is now mostly used for the more elaborate accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas, oratorios, cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple airs or tunes. Ar¶ian (?), a. & n. (Ethnol.) See Aryan. A¶riÏan (?), a. [L. Arianus.] Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century, or to the doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be inferior to God the Father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all created beings. Ð n. One who adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius. Mosheim. A¶riÏanÏism (?), n. The doctrines of the Arians. A¶riÏanÏize (?), v. i. To admit or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an Arian. A¶riÏanÏize, v. t. To convert to Arianism. Ar¶iÏcine (?), n. [From Arica, in Chile.] (Chem.) An alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark. Ar¶id (?), a. [L. aridus, fr. arere to be dry: cf. F. aride.] Exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; dry; barren. ½An arid waste.¸ Thomson. AÏrid¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Aridities (?). [L. ariditas, fr. aridus.] 1. The state or quality of being arid or without moisture; dryness. 2. Fig.: Want of interest of feeling; insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual drought. Norris. Ar¶idÏness (?), n. Aridity; dryness. A¶riÏel (?), n., or A¶riÏel gaÏzelle¶ (?). [Ar. aryil, ayyil, stag.] (Zo”l.) A) A variety of the gazelle (Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas), found in Arabia and adjacent countries. (b) A squirrelÐlike Australian marsupial, a species of Petaurus. (c) A beautiful Brazilian toucan Ramphastos ariel). Ø A¶riÏes , n. [L.] 1. (Astron.) (a) The Ram; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox, about the 21st of March. (b) A constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a ram. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) A batteringÐram. Ar¶iÏtate (?), v. i. [L. arietatus, p. p. of arietare, fr. aries ram.] To butt, as a ram. [Obs.] Ar·iÏeÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. arietatio.] 1. The act of butting like a ram; act of using a batteringÐram. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. Act of striking or conflicting. [R.] Glanvill. Ø A·riÏet¶ta (?), Ar·iÏette¶ (?), } n. [It. arietta, dim. of aria; F. ariette.] (Mus.) A short aria, or air. ½A military ariette.¸ Sir W. Scott. AÏright¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + right.] Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to worship God aright. Ar¶il (?), Ø AÏril¶lus (?), n. [From LL. arilli dry grapes, perh. fr. L. aridus dry: cf. F,. arille.] (Bot.) A exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed, as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an aril. Gray. Ar¶ilÏlate (?). Ar¶lÏla·ted (?), Ar¶iled (?), a. [Cf. NL. arillatus, F. arill‚.] Having an aril. A¶riÏman (?), n. See Ahriman. Ar·iÏoÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. ariolatio, hariolatio, fr. hariolari to prophesy, fr. hariolus soothsayer.] A soothsaying; a foretelling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Ar¶iÏose (?), a. [It. arioso, fr. aria.] Characterized by melody, as distinguished from harmony. Mendelssohn wants the ariose beauty of Handel; vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs harmonic.

Foreign Quart. Rev. Ø A·riÏo¶so (?), adv. & a. [It.] (Mus.) In the smooth and melodious style of an air; ariose. AÏrise¶ (?), v. i. [ imp. Arose (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arising; p. p. Arisen (?). [AS. ¾rÆsan; ¾ (equiv. to Goth. usÏ, urÏ, G. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + rÆsan to rise; cf. Goth. urreisan to arise. See Rise.] 1. To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose; the sun ariseth; he arose early in the morning. 2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; as, the waves of the sea arose; a persecution arose; the wrath of the king shall arise. There arose up a new king... which knew not Joseph. Ex. i. 8. The doubts that in his heart arose. Milton. 3. To proceed; to issue; to spring. Whence haply mention may arise Of something not unseasonable to ask. Milton. AÏrise¶, n. Rising. [Obs.] Drayton. AÏrist¶ (?), 3d sing. pres. of Arise, for ariseth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø AÏris¶ta (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) An awn. Gray. Ar¶isÏtarch (?), n. [From Aristarchus, a Greek grammarian and critic, of Alexandria, about 200 b. c.] A severe critic. Knowles. Ar·isÏtar¶chiÏan (?), a. Severely critical. Ar¶isÏtar·chy (?), n. Severely criticism. Ar¶isÏtar·chy (?), n. Severe criticism. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington. AÏris¶tate (?), a. [L. aristatus, fr. arista. See Arista.] 1. (Bot.) Having a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat; awned. Gray. 2. (Zo”l.)ÿHaving a slender, sharp, or spinelike tip. Ar·isÏtoc¶raÏcy (?), n.; pl. Aristocracies (?). [Gr. ?; ? best + ? to be strong, to rule, ? strength; ? is perh. from the same root as E. arm, and orig. meant fitting: cf. F. aristocratie. See Arm, and Create, which is related to Gr. ?.] 1. Government by the best citizens. 2. A ruling body composed of the best citizens. [Obs.] In the Senate Right not our quest in this, I will protest them To all the world, no aristocracy. B. Jonson. 3. A form a government, in which the supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order; an oligarchy. The aristocracy of Venice hath admitted so many abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of its duration seems approach. Swift. 4. The nobles or chief persons in a state; a privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in rank, fortune, or intellect. AÏris¶toÏcrat (?; 277), n. [F. aristocrate. See Aristocracy.] 1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble. 2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty person. A born aristocrat, bred radical. Mrs. Browning. 3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes the aristocracy should govern. His whole family are accused of being aristocrats. Romilly. Ar·isÏtoÏcrat¶ic (?), Ar·isÏtoÏcrat¶icÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?: cf. F. aristocratique.] 1. Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men; as, an aristocratic constitution. 2. Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy; characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; as, an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or manners. Ð Ar·isÏtoÏcrat¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ð Ar·isÏtoÏcrat¶icÏalÏness, n. Ar¶isÏtoÏcrat·ism (?), n. 1. The principles of aristocrats. Romilly. 2. Aristocrats, collectively. [R.] Ar·isÏtol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? dinner + Ïlogy.] The science of dining. Quart. Rev. Ar·isÏtoÏphan¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet. Ar·isÏtoÏte¶liÏan (?; 277), a. Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher (384Ð322 b. c.). Ð n. A follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See Peripatetic. Ar·isÏtoÏte¶liÏanÏism (?). The philosophy of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy. Ar·isÏtoÏtel¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy. ½Aristotelic usage.¸ Sir W. Hamilton. Ar¶isÏto·tle's lan¶tern (?). (Zo”l.) The five united jaws and accessory ossicles of certain sea urchins. AÏris¶tuÏlate (?; 135), a. [Dim. fr. arista.] (Bot.) Pertaining a short beard or awn. Gray. Ar¶ithÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ? number + Ïmancy.] Divination by means of numbers. AÏrith¶meÏtic (?), n. [OE. arsmetike, OF. arismetique, L. arithmetica, fr. Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ? arithmetical, fr. ? to number, fr. ? number, prob. fr. same root as E. arm, the idea of counting coming from that of fitting, attaching. See Arm. The modern Eng. and French forms are accommodated to the Greek.] 1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures. 2. A book containing the principles of this science. ÷ of sines, trigonometry. Ð Political ~, the application of the science of numbers to problems in civil government, political economy, and social science. Ð Universal ~, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to algebra. Ar·ithÏmet¶icÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic. ÷ complement of a logarithm. See Logarithm. Ð ÷ mean. See Mean. Ð ÷ progression. See Progression. Ð ÷ proportion. See Proportion. Ar·ithÏmet¶icÏalÏly, adv. Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic. AÏrith·meÏti¶cian (?), n. [Cf. F. arithm‚ticien.] One skilled in arithmetic. AÏrith¶moÏman¶cy (?), n. Arithmancy. Ar·ithÏmom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? number + Ïmeter: cf. F. arithmomŠtre.] A calculating machine. Ark (?), n. [OE. ark, arke, arche, AS. arc, earc, earce, fr. L. arca, fr. arcere to inclose, keep off; akin to Gr. ? to keep off.] 1. A chest, or coffer. [Obs.] Bearing that precious relic in an ark. Spenser. 2. (Jewish Hist.) The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of the Covenant. 3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and h?? family were preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi. Hence: Any place of refuge. 4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport produce to market. Ark¶ite (?), a. Belonging to the ark. [R.] Faber. Ark¶ shell· (?). (Zo”l.) A marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus Arca and its allies. Arles (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. arrhes, Scot. airles. Cf. Earles penny.] An earnest; earnest money; money paid to bind a bargain. [Scot.] ÷ penny, earnest money given to servants. Kersey. Arm (?), n. [AS. arm, earm; akin to OHG. aram, G., D., Dan., & Sw. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms, L. armus arm, shoulder, and prob. to Gr. ? joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root ? to join, to fit together; cf. Slav. rame. ?. See Art, Article.] 1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey. 2. Anything resembling an arm; as, (a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear. (b) A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. (c) A branch of a tree. (d) A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard. (e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends in the fluke. (f) An inlet of water from the sea. (g) A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa, etc. 3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as, the secular arm; the arm of the law. To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? Isa. lii. 1. Arm's end, the end of the ~; a good distance off. Dryden. Ð Arm's length, the length of the ~. Ð Arm's reach, reach of the ~; the distance the ~ can reach. Ð To go (or walk) ~ in ~, to go with the ~ or hand of one linked in the ~ of another. ½When arm in armwe went along.¸ Tennyson. Ð To keep at arm's length, to keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar intercourse. Ð To work at arm's length, to work disadvantageously. Arm, n. [See Arms.] (Mil.) (a) A branch of the military service; as, the cavalry arm was made efficient. (b) A weapon of offense or defense; an instrument of warfare; Ð commonly in the pl. Arm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Armed (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Arming.] [OE. armen, F. armer, fr. L. armare, fr. arma, pl., arms. See arms.] 1. To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.] And make him with our pikes and partisans A grave: come, arm him. Shak. Arm your prize; I know you will not lose him. Two N. Kins. 2. To furnish with arms or limbs. [R.] His shoulders broad and strong, Armed long and round. Beau. & Fl. 3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the country. Abram... armed his trained servants. Gen. xiv. 14. 4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a hook in angling. 5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense. Arm yourselves... with the same mind. 1 Pet. iv. 1. To ~ a magnet, to fit it with an armature. Arm, v. i. To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms. ½ 'Ti? time to arm.¸ Shak.

<-- p. 82 -->

ArÏma¶da (?), n. [Sp. armada, L. as if armata (sc. classic fleet), fr. armatus, p. p. of armare. See Arm, v. t. Army.] A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, a. d. 1558. Ar·maÏdil¶lo (?), n.; pl. Armadillos (?). [Sp. armadillo, dim. of armado armed, p. p. of armar to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony shell.] (Zo”l.) (a) Any edentate animal if the family Dasypid‘, peculiar to America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) ? found as far north as Texas. See Peba, Poyou, Tatouay. (b) A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball. ArÏma¶do (?), n. Armada. [Obs.] Ar¶maÏment (?), n. [L. armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F. armement.] 1. A body of forces equipped for war; Ð used of a land or naval force. ½The whole united armament of Greece.¸ Glover. 2. (Mil. & Nav.) All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification. 3. Any equipment for resistance. Ar·maÏmen¶taÏry (?), n. [L. armamentarium, fr. armamentum: cf. F. armamentaire.] An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [R.] Ar¶maÏture (?), n. [L. armatura, fr. armare to arm: cf. F. armature. See Arm, v. t., Armor.] 1. Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants. 2. (Magnetism) A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electroÐmagnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force. 3. (Arch.) Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc. Oxf. Gloss. Arm¶chair· (?), n. A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms. Tennyson. Armed (?), a. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security or protection. ½And armed host.¸ Dryden. 2. Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or efficiency. A distemper eminently armed from heaven. De Foe. 3. (Her.) Having horns, beak, talons, etc; Ð said of beasts and birds of prey. ÷ at all points (Blazoning), completely incased in armor, sometimes described as armed capÐ…Ðpie. Cussans. Ð ÷ en flute. (Naut.) See under Flute. Ð ÷ magnet, a magnet provided with an armature. Ð ÷ neutrality. See under Neutrality. ArÏme¶niÏan (?), a. [Cf. F. Arm‚nien, L. Armenias, fr. Armenia.] Of or pertaining to Armenia. ÷ bole, a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. Ð ÷ stone. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazurit. (b) Emery. ArÏme¶niÏan, n. 1. A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of the ÷ Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic. Arm¶et (?), n. [F., dim. of arme arm, or corrupted for healmet helmet.] A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. Arm¶ful (?), n.; pl. Armfulus (?). As much as the arm can hold. Arm¶gaunt· (?), a. With gaunt or slender legs (?) ½An armgaunt steed.¸ Shak. µ This word is peculiar to Shakespeare. Its meaning has not yet been satisfactorily explained. Arm¶Ðgret· (?), a. Great as a man's arm. [Obs.] A wreath of gold, armÐgret. Chaucer. Arm¶hole· (?), n. [Arm + hole.] 1. The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit. Bacon. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment. ArÏmif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. armifer; arma arms + ferre to bear.] Bearing arms or weapons. [R.] Ar¶miÏger (?), n. [L. armiger armor bearer; arma arms + gerere to bear.] Formerly, an armor bearer, as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by esquire. Jacob. ArÏmig¶erÏous (?), a. Bearing arms. [R.] They belonged to the armigerous part of the population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire. De Quincey. Ar¶mil (?), n. [L. armilla a bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. OF. armille.] 1. A bracelet. [Obs.] 2. An ancient astronomical instrument. µ When composed of one ring placed in the plane of the equator for determining the time of the equinoxes, it is called an equinoctial armil; when of two or more rings, one in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is called a solstitial armil. Whewell. Ø ArÏmil¶la (?), n.; pl. E. Armillas (?), L. Armill‘ (?). [L., a bracelet.] 1. An armil. 2. (Zo”l.) A ring of hair or feathers on the legs. Ar¶milÏlaÏry (?), a. [LL. armillarius, fr. L. armilla arm ring, bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. F. armillaire. See Arm, n.] Pertaining to, or resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or circles. ÷ sphere, an ancient astronomical machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important circles of the celestial sphere. Nichol. Arm¶ing (?), n. 1. The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms. The arming was now universal. Macaulay. 2. (Naut.) A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom. Totten. 3. pl. (Naut.) Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays. ÷ press (Bookbinding), a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books. ArÏmin¶iÏan (?; 277), a. Of or pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines. See note under Arminian, n. ArÏmin¶iÏan, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b. 1560, d. 1609). The ~ doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5. That man may relapse from a state of grace. ArÏmin¶iÏanÏism (?), n. The religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians. ArÏmip¶oÏtence (?), n. [L. armipotentia, fr. armipotents.] Power in arms. [R.] Johnson. ArÏmip¶oÏtent (?), a. [L. armipotents; arma arms + potens powerful, p. pr. of posse to be able.] Powerful in arms; mighty in battle. The temple stood of Mars armipotent. Dryden. ArÏmis¶oÏnant (?), ArÏmis¶oÏnous (?), } a. [L. armisonus; arma arms + sonare (p. pr. sonans) to sound.] Rustling in arms; resounding with arms. [Obs.] Ar¶misÏtice (?), n. [F. armistice, fr. (an assumed word) L. armistitium; arma arms + stare, statum (combining form, Ïstitum), to stand still.] A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce. Arm¶less (?), a. 1. Without any arm or branch. 2. Destitute of arms or weapons. Arm¶let (?), n. [Arm + Ïlet.] 1. A small arm; as, an armlet of the sea. Johnson. 2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm. 3. Armor for the arm. ArÏmo¶niÏac (?), a. Ammoniac. [Obs.] Ar¶mor (?), n. [OE. armure, fr. F. armure, OF. armeure, fr. L. armatura. See Armature.] [Spelt also armour.] 1. Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle. µ In English statues, armor is used for the whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statues of armor directed what arms every man should provide. 2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery. Coat ~, the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc. Ð Submarine , a waterÐtight dress or covering for a diver. See under Submarine. Ar¶morÐbear·er (?), n. One who carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger. Judg. ix. 54. Ar¶mored (?), a. Clad with armor. Ar¶morÏer (?), n. [OE. armurer, armerer, fr. F. armurter, fr. armure armor.] 1. One who makes or repairs armor or arms. 2. Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor of a knight, and who dressed him in armor. Shak. 3. One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans or repairs them, etc. ArÏmo¶riÏal (?), a. [F. armorial, fr. armoiries arms, coats of arms, for armoieries, fr. OF. armoier to paint arms, coats of arms, fr. armes, fr. L. arma. See Arms, Armory.] Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of a family. Figures with armorial signs of race and birth. Wordsworth. ÷ bearings. See Arms, 4. ArÏmor¶ic (?), ArÏmor¶iÏcan (?), } a. [L. Armoricus, fr. Celtic ar on, at + mor sea.] Of or pertaining to the northwestern part of France (formerly called Armorica, now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people. Ð n. The language of the Armoricans, a Celtic dialect which has remained to the present times. ArÏmor¶iÏcan, n. A native of Armorica. Ar¶morÏist (?), n. [F. armoriste.] One skilled in coat armor or heraldry. Cussans. Ar¶morÐplat·ed (?), a. Covered with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war; steelÐclad. This day will be launched... the first armorÐplated steam frigate in the possession of Great Britain. Times (Dec. 29, 1860). Ar¶moÏry (?), n.; pl. Armories (?). [OF. armaire, armarie, F. armoire, fr. L. armarium place for keeping arms; but confused with F. armoiries. See Armorial, Ambry.] 1. A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping. 2. Armor: defensive and offensive arms. Celestial armory, shields, helms, and spears. Milton. 3. A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords. [U.S.] 4. Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings. Spenser. 5. That branch of heraldry which treats of coat armor. The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking, armory, which is but one branch of heraldry, is, without doubt, of very ancient origin. Cussans. Ar·moÏzeen¶, Ar·moÏzine¶ } (?), n. [F. armosin, armoisin.] A thick plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical. Simmonds. Arm¶pit· (?), n. [Arm + pit.] The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla. Arm¶rack· (?), n. A frame, generally vertical, for holding small arms. Arms (?), n. pl. [OE. armes, F. arme, pl. armes, fr. L. arma, pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to armus shoulder, and E. arm. See Arm, n.] 1. Instruments or weapons of offense or defense. He lays down his arms, but not his wiles. Milton. Three horses and three goodly suits of arms. Tennyson. 2. The deeds or exploits of war; military service or science. ½Arms and the man I sing.¸ Dryden. 3. (Law) Anything which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an aggressive weapon. Cowell. Blackstone. 4. (Her.) The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son. 5. (Falconry) The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot. Halliwell. Bred to ~, educated to the profession of a soldier. Ð In ~, armed for war; in a state of hostility. Ð Small ~, portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc. Ð A stand of ~, a complete set for one soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet alone. Ð To ~! a summons to war or battle. Ð Under ~, armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or for a military parade. Arm's end, Arm's length, Arm's reach. See under Arm. Ar¶mure (?), n. [F. See Armor.] 1. Armor. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the surface. Ar¶my (?), n. [F. arm‚e, fr. L. armata, fem. of armatus, p. p. of armare to arm. Cf. Armada.] 1. A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers. 2. A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; as, the Blue Ribbon Army. 3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host. An army of good words. Shak. Standing ~, a permanent ~ of professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or volunteers. Ar¶my worm· (?). (Zo”l.) (a) A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is Leucania unipuncta. The name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton worm. (b) The larva of a small twoÐwinged fly (Sciara), which marches in large companies, in regular order. See Cotton worm, under Cotton. Ø Ar¶na (?), Ø Ar¶nee (?), } n. (Zo”l.) The wild buffalo of India (Bos, or Bubalus, arni), larger than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns. ArÏnat¶to (?), n. See Annotto. Ar¶niÏca (?), n. [Prob. a corruption of ptarmica.] (Bot.) A genus of plants; also, the most important species (Arnica montana), native of the mountains of Europe, used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant. µ The tincture of arnica is applied externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc. Ar¶niÏcin (?), n. [See Arnica.] (Chem.) An active principle of Arnica montana. It is a bitter resin. Ar¶niÏcine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the arnica plant. Ar¶not (?), Ar¶nut (?), } n. [Cf. D. aardnoot, E. earthut.] The earthnut. [Obs.] ArÏnot¶to (?), n. Same as Annotto. A¶roid (?), AÏroid¶eÏous (?), a. [Arum + Ïoid.] (Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, the Arum family of plants. AÏroint¶ (?), interj. [Cf. Prov. E. rynt, rynt thee, roynt, or runt, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others; AS. r?man to make room or way, fr. r?m room. The final t is perh. for ta, for thou. Cf. Room space.] Stand off, or begone. [Obs.] Aroint thee, witch, the rumpÐfed ronyon cries. Shak. AÏroint¶, v. t. To drive or scare off by some exclamation. [R.] ½Whiskered cats arointed flee.¸ Mrs. Browning. AÏro¶ma (?), n. [L. aroma, Gr. ?: cf. OE. aromaz, aromat, spice, F. aromate.] 1. The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; as, the aroma of coffee. 2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of genius. Ar·oÏmat¶ic (?), Ar·oÏmat¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. aromaticus, Gr. ?: cf. F. aromatique. See Aroma.] Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strongÐscented; odoriferous; as, aromatic balsam. <-- p. 83 -->

Aromatic compound (Chem.), one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives. Ð Aromatic vinegar. See under Vinegar. Ar·oÏmat¶ic (?), n. A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices. Ar·oÏmat·iÏza¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. aromatisation.] The act of impregnating or secting with aroma. AÏro¶maÏtize (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aromatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Aromatizing.] [ L. aromatizare, Gr. ?: cf. F. aromatiser.] To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to perfume. Bacon. AÏro¶maÏti·zer (?), n. One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic. Evelyn. AÏro¶maÏtous (?), a. Aromatic. [Obs.] Caxton. Ar¶oph (?), n. [A contraction of aroma philosophorum.] A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various medical remedies. [Obs.] AÏrose¶ (?). The past or preterit tense of Arise. AÏround¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + round.] 1. In a circle; circularly; on every side; round. 2. In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all about; as, to travel around from town to town. 3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was standing around when the fight took place. [Colloq. U. S.] µ See Round, the shorter form, adv. & prep., which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly used. AÏround¶, prep. 1. On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of; about. A lambent flame arose, which gently spread Around his brows. Dryden. 2. From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another side of; as, to travel around the country; a house standing around the corner. [Colloq. U. S.] AÏrous¶al (?), n. The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused. Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and activity of our better nature. Hare. AÏrouse¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aroused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arousing.] [Pref. aÏ + rouse.] To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the dormant faculties. Grasping his spear, forth issued to arouse His brother, mighty sovereign on the host. Cowper. No suspicion was aroused. Merivale. AÏrow¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + row.] In a row, line, or rank; successively; in order. Shak. And twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow. Dryden. AÏroynt¶ (?), interj. See Aroint. Ø ArÏpeg¶gio (?), n. [It., fr. arpeggiare to play on the harp, fr. arpa harp.] (Mus.) The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus played. Ar¶pent (?), Ar¶pen (?), } n. [F. arpent, fr. L. arepennis, arapennis. According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman jugerum.] Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different parts of the country. The arpent of Paris was 46o88 sq. yards, or nearly five sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English. Ar·penÏta¶tor (?), n. [See Arpent.] The Anglicized form of the French arpenteur, a land surveyor. [R.] Ar¶pine (?), n. An arpent. [Obs.] Webster (1623). Ar¶quaÏted (?), a. Shaped like a bow; arcuate; curved. [R.] Ar¶queÏbus, Ar¶queÏbuse } (?; 277), n. [F. arquebuse, OF. harquebuse, fr. D. haakÐbus; cf. G. hakenbchse a gun with a hook. See Hagbut.] A sort of hand gun or firearm a contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match was applied. The musket was a later invention. [Written also harquebus.] Ar·queÏbusÏade¶ (?), n. [F. arquebusade shot of an arquebus; eau d'arquebusade a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.] 1. The shot of an arquebus. Ash. 2. A distilled water from a variety of aromatic plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; Ð originally used as a vulnerary in gunshot wounds. Parr. Ar·queÏbusÏier (?), n. [F. arquebusier.] A soldier armed with an arquebus. Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination, appear to have been called arquebusiers. E. Lodge. Ar¶quiÏfoux (?), n. Same as Alquifou. Ar¶rach (?), n. See Orach. Ar¶rack (?; 277), n. [Ar. araq sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr. araqa to sweat. Cf. Rack arrack.] A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or the date palm, etc. ArÏrag¶oÏnite (?), n. See Aragonite. ArÏraign¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arraigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arraigning.] [OE. arainen, arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier, araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL. arrationare to address to call before court; L. ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See Reason.] 1. (Law) To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the matter charged in an indictment or complaint. Blackstone. 2. To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or any other tribunal. They will not arraign you for want of knowledge. Dryden. It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body should now be arraigned by the world. I. Taylor. Syn. - To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate; indict; denounce. See Accuse. ArÏraign¶, n. Arraignment; as, the clerk of the arraigns. Blackstone. Macaulay.

ArÏraign¶ (?), v. t. [From OF. aramier, fr. LL. adhramire.] (Old Eng. Law) To appeal to; to demand; as, to arraign an assize of novel disseizin. ArÏraign¶er (?), n. One who arraigns. Coleridge. ArÏraign¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. arraynement, aresnement.] 1. (Law) The act of arraigning, or the state of being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an indictment or complaint. 2. A calling to an account to faults; accusation. In the sixth satire, which seems only an Arraignment of the whole sex, there is a latent admonition. Dryden. ArÏrai¶ment, ArÏray¶ment (?), n. [From Array, v. t.] Clothes; raiment. [Obs.] ArÏrange¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arranged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Arranging (?).] [OE. arayngen, OF. arengier, F. arranger, fr. a (L. ad) + OF. rengier, rangier, F. ranger. See Range, v. t.] 1. To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops arranged for battle. So [they] came to the market place, and there he arranged his men in the streets. Berners. [They] were beginning to arrange their hampers. Boswell. A mechanism previously arranged. Paley. 2. To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; as, to arrange the preliminaries of an undertaking. Syn. - Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify. ArÏrange¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. arrangement.] 1. The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form. 2. The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic classification; as, arrangement of one's dress; the Linn‘an arrangement of plants. 3. Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation; as, we have made arrangement for receiving company. 4. Settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the parties have made an arrangement between themselves concerning their disputes; a satisfactory arrangement. 5. (Mus.) (a) The adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not originally written. (b) A piece so adapted; a transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a song, an opera, or the like. ArÏran¶ger (?), n. One who arranges. Burke. Ar¶rant (?), a. [OE. erraunt, errant, errand, equiv. to E. errant wandering, which was first applied to vagabonds, as an errant rogue, an errant thief, and hence passed gradually into its present and worse sense. See Errant.] Notoriously or pre‰minently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or coward. I discover an arrant laziness in my soul. Fuller. 2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense. [Obs.] An arrant honest woman. Burton. Ar¶rantÏly, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully. L'Estrange. Ar¶ras (?), n. [From Arras the capital of Artois, in the French Netherlands.] Tapestry; a rich figured fabric; especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven figures. Stateliest couches, with rich arras spread. Cowper. Behind the arras I'll convey myself. Shak. Ar¶ras, v. t. To furnish with an ~. Chapman. Ar·rasÏene¶ (?), n. [From Arras.] A material of wool or silk used for working the figures in embroidery. Ø ArÏras¶tre (?), n. [Sp.] A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp. those containing free gold. Ar¶rasÏwise· (?), Ar¶rasÏways· , adv. [Prob. a corruption of arriswise. See Arris.] Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two sides, the corner being in front; Ð said of a rectangular form. Encyc. Brit. Cussans. ArÏraught¶ (?). [The past tense of an old v. areach or arreach. Cf. Reach, obs. pret. raught.] Obtained; seized. Spenser. ArÏray¶ (?), n. [OE. arai, arrai, OF. arrai, arrei, arroi, order, arrangement, dress, F. arroi; a (L. ad) + OF. rai, rei, roi, order, arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan, garaidjan, to arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel. rei?i rigging, harness; akin to E. ready. Cf. Ready, Greith, Curry.] 1. Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array. Wedged together in the closest array. Gibbon. 2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers. A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers. Prescott. 3. An imposing series of things. Their long array of sapphire and of gold. Byron. 4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or beautiful apparel. Dryden. 5. (Law) (a) A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as impaneled in a cause. (b) The panel itself. (c) The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court. To challenge the ~ (Law), to except to the whole panel. Cowell. Tomlins. Blount. Ð Commission of ~ (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war. Blackstone. ArÏray¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arraying.] [OE. araien, arraien, fr. OE. arraier, arreier, arreer, arroier, fr. arrai. See Array, n.] 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal. By torch and trumpet fast arrayed, Each horseman drew his battle blade. Campbell. These doubts will be arrayed before their minds. Farrar. 2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; Ð applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind. Pharaoh... arrayed him in vestures of fine linen. Gen. xli. ?. In gelid caves with horrid glo?m arrayed. Trumb?ll. 3. (Law) To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man. Blackstone. To ~ a panel, to set forth in order the m?n that are impaneled. Cowell. Tomlins. Syn. - To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order. ArÏray¶er , n. One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered. ArÏrear¶ (?), adv. [OE. arere, OF. arere, ariere, F. arriŠre, fr. L. ad + retro backward. See Rear.] To or in the rear; behind; backwards. [Obs.] Spenser. ArÏrear¶, n. That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder, or balance which remains due when some part has been paid; arrearage; Ð commonly used in the plural, as, arrears of rent, wages, or taxes. Locke. For much I dread due payment by the Greeks Of yesterday's arrear. Cowper. I have a large arrear of letters to write. J. D. Forbes. In ~ or In arrears, behind; backward; behindhand; in debt. ArÏrear¶age (?), n. [F. arr‚rage, fr. arriŠre, OF. arere. See Arrear.] That which remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part; arrears. The old arrearages... being defrayed. Howell. ArÏrect¶ (?), ArÏrect¶ed, } a. [L. arrectus, p. p. of arrigere to raise, erect; ad + regere to lead straight, to direct.] 1. Lifted up; raised; erect. 2. Attentive, as a person listening. [Obs.] God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the vigilant and arrect. Smalridge. ArÏrect¶, v. t. 1. To direct. [Obs.] My supplication to you I arrect. Skelton. 2. [See Aret.] To impute. [Obs.] Sir T. More. ArÏrect¶aÏry (?), n. [L. arrectarius, fr. arrigere o set up.] An upright beam. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Ar·reÏnot¶oÏkous (?), a. [Gr. ? bearing males; ? a male + ? a bringing forth.] (Zo”l.) Producing males from unfertilized eggs, as certain wasps and bees. Ar·renÏta¶tion (?)(?). [Cf. F. arrenter to give or take as rent. See Arendator.] (O. Eng. Law) A letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent. ArÏrep¶tion (?), n. [L. arripere, arreptum, to seize, snatch; ad + rapere to snatch. See Rapacious.] The act of taking away. [Obs.] ½This arreption was sudden.¸ Bp. Hall. Ar·repÏti¶tious (?), a. [L. arreptitius.] Snatched away; seized or possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crackÐbrained. [Obs.] Odd, arreptitious, frantic extravagances. Howell. ArÏrest¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Arresting.] [OE. aresten, OF. arester, F. arrˆter, fr. LL. arrestare; L. ad + restare to remain, stop; re + stare to stand. See Rest remainder.] 1. To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses. Nor could her virtues the relentless hand Of Death arrest. Philips. 2. (Law) To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; as, to arrest one for debt, or for a crime. µ After his word Shakespeare uses of (½I arrest thee of high treason¸) or on; the modern usage is for. 3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as, to arrest the eyes or attention. Buckminster. 4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate. [Obs.] We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine mercies. Jer. Taylor. Syn. - To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend; seize; lay hold of. ArÏrest¶, v. i. To tarry; to rest. [Obs.] Spenser. ArÏrest¶, n. [OE. arest, arrest, OF. arest, F. arrˆt, fr. arester. See Arrest, v. t., Arr?t.] 1. The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development. As the arrest of the air showeth. Bacon. 2. (Law) The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant. William... ordered him to be put under arrest. Macaulay. [Our brother Norway] sends out arrests On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys. Shak. µ An ~ may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and submit to the ~. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of property. 3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral. The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc.,.. were sad arrests to his troubled spirit. Jer. Taylor. 4. (Far.) A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; Ð also named ratÏtails. White. ÷ of judgment (Law), the staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment. Ar·resÏta¶tion (?), n. [F. arrestation, LL. arrestatio.] Arrest. [R.] The arrestation of the English resident in France was decreed by the National Convention. H. M. Williams. Ar·resÏtee¶ (?), n. [See Arrest, v.] (Scots Law) The person in whose hands is the property attached by arrestment. ArÏrest¶er (?), n. 1. One who arrests. 2. (Scots Law) The person at whose suit an arrestment is made. [Also written arrestor.]

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ArÏrest¶ing (?), a. Striking; attracting attention; impressive. This most solemn and arresting occurrence. J. H. Newman. ArÏrest¶ive (?), a. Tending to arrest. McCosh. ArÏrest¶ment , n. [OF. arrestement.] 1. (Scots Law) The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp., a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third party are attached. 2. A stoppage or check. Darwin. Ø ArÏrˆt (?), n. [F. See Arrest, n.] (F. Law) (a) A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign. (b) An arrest; a legal seizure. ArÏret¶ (?), v. t. Same as Aret. [Obs.] Spenser. Ar·rhaÏphos¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to sew together.] Seamless. [R.] ArÏrhi¶zal (?), ArÏrhi¶zous (?), } a. [Gr. ? not rooted; ? priv. + ? a root.] (Bot.) Destitute of a true root, as a parasitical plant. ArÏrhyth¶mic (?), ArÏrhyth¶mous (?), } a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? rhythm.] (Med.) Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse. Ar¶rhytÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? rhythm.] Want of rhythm. [R.] ArÏride¶ (?), v. t. [L. arridere; ad + ridere to laugh.] To please; to gratify. [Archaic] B. Jonson. Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most arride and solace me are thy repositories of moldering learning. Lamb. ArÏriere¶ (?), n. [F. arriŠre. See Arrear.] ½That which is behind¸; the rear; Ð chiefly used as an adjective in the sense of behind, rear, subordinate. ÷ fee, ÷ fief, a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory. Ð ÷ vassal, the vassal of a vassal. ArÏriere¶Ðban· (?), n. [F., fr. OE. arban, heriban, fr. OHG. hariban, heriban, G. heerbann, the calling together of an army; OHG. heri an army + ban a public call or order. The French have misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into arriŠreÐban, though arriŠre has no connection with its proper meaning. See Ban, Abandon.] A proclamation, as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be called to arms, as in ancient France. Ar¶ris (?), n. [OF. areste, F. arˆte, fr. L. arista the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone of a fish.] (Arch.) The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plane or curved; Ð applied particularly to the edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in a Doric column. P. Cyc. ÷ fillet, a triangular piece of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw off the rain. Gwilt. Ð ÷ gutter, a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building. Gwilt. Ar¶rish (?), n. [See Eddish.] The stubble of wheat or grass; a stubble field; eddish. [Eng.] [Written also arish, ersh, etc.] The moment we entered the stubble or arrish. Blackw. Mag. Ar¶risÏwise· (?), adv. Diagonally laid, as ??es; ridgewise. ArÏriv¶al (?), n. [From Arrive.] 1. The act of arriving, or coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by water (as in its original sense) or by land. Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes, Expect his swift arrival. Dryden. 2. The attainment or reaching of any object, by effort, or in natural course; as, our arrival at this conclusion was wholly unexpected. 3. The person or thing arriving or which has arrived; as, news brought by the last arrival. Another arrival still more important was speedily announced. Macaulay. 4. An approach. [Obs.] The house has a corner arrival. H. Walpole. ArÏriv¶ance (?), n. Arrival. [Obs.] Shak. ArÏrive¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Arrived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arriving.] [OE. ariven to arrive, land, OF. ariver, F. arriver, fr. LL. arripare, adripare, to come to shore; L. ad + ripa the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf. Riparian.] 1. To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; Ð followed by at (formerly sometimes by to), also by in and from. ½Arrived in Padua.¸ Shak. [’neas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily, arrived... and landed in the country of Laurentum. Holland. There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at Ipswich. Macaulay. 2. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment. To ~ at, or attain to. When he arrived at manhood. Rogers. We arrive at knowledge of a law of nature by the generalization of facts. McCosh. If at great things thou wouldst arrive. Milton. 3. To come; said of time; as, the time arrived. 4. To happen or occur. [Archaic] Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives. Waller. ArÏrive¶, v. t. 1. To bring to shore. [Obs.] And made the seaÐtrod ship arrive them. Chapman. 2. To reach; to come to. [Archaic] Ere he arrive the happy isle. Milton. Ere we could arrive the point proposed. Shak. Arrive at last the blessed goal. Tennyson. ArÏrive¶, n. Arrival. [Obs.] Chaucer. How should I joy of thy arrive to hear! Drayton. ArÏriv¶er (?), n. One who arrives. Ø ArÏro¶ba (?), n. [Sp. and Pg., from Ar. arrub, arÐrubu, a fourth part.] 1. A Spanish weight used in Mexico and South America ? 25736 lbs. avoir.; also, an old Portuguese weight, used in Brazil ? 32738 lbs. avoir. 2. A Spanish liquid measure for wine ? 3754 imp. gallons, and for oil ? 2.78 imp. gallons. Ar¶roÏgance (?), n. [F., fr. L. arrogantia, fr. arrogans. See Arrogant.] The act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; lordliness; haughtiness; selfÐassumption; presumption. i hate not you for her proud arrogance. Shak. Syn. - Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness; presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness. See Haughtiness. Ar¶roÏganÏcy (?), n. Arrogance. Shak. Ar¶roÏgant (?), a. [F. arrogant, L. arrogans, p. pr. of arrogare. See Arrogate.] 1. Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; assuming; haughty; Ð applied to persons. Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate. Shak. 2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or selfÐimportance; Ð applied to things; as, arrogant pretensions or behavior. Syn. - Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing; presumptuous; haughty. See Magisterial. Ar¶roÏgantÏly, adv. In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or selfÐimportance. Ar¶roÏgantÏness, n. Arrogance. [R.] Ar¶roÏgate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrogated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arrogating (?).] [L. arrogatus, p. p. of adrogare, arrogare, to ask, appropriate to one's self; ad + rogare to ask. See Rogation.] To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; as, the pope arrogated dominion over kings. He arrogated to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine. Macaulay. Ar·roÏga¶tion (?), n. [L. arrogatio, fr. arrogare. Cf. Adrogation.] 1. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to. Hall. 2. (Civ. Law) Adoption of a person of full age. Ar¶roÏgaÏtive (?), a. Making undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance. [R.] Dr. H. More. Ø Ar·ron·disse·ment¶ (?), n. [F., fr. arrondir to make round; ad + rond round, L. rotundus.] A subdivision of a department. [France] µ The territory of France, since the revolution, has been divided into departments, those into arrondissements, those into cantons, and the latter into communes. ArÏrose¶ (?), v. t. [F. arroser.] To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten. [Obs.] The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you. Two N. Kins. ArÏro¶sion (?), n. [L. arrodere, arrosum, to gnaw: cf. F. arrosion.] A gnawing. [Obs.] Bailey. Ar¶row (?), n. [OE. arewe, AS. arewe, earh; akin to Icel. ”r, ”rvar, Goth. arhwazna, and perh. L. arcus bow. Cf. Arc.] A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow. Broad ~. (a) An ~ with a broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad arrowhead. Ar¶row grass· (?), n. (Bot.) An herbaceous grasslike plant (Triglochin palustre, and other species) with pods opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads. Ar¶rowÏhead· (?), n. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. (Bot.) An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, Ð named from the shape of the leaves. Ar¶rowÏhead·ed, a. Shaped like the head of an arow; cuneiform. ÷ characters, characters the elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads, nailheads, or wedges; Ð hence called also nailÐheaded, wedgeÐformed, cuneiform, or cuneatic characters; the oldest written characters used in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh, and Babylon. See Cuneiform. Ar¶rowÏroot· (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A west Indian plant of the genus Maranta, esp. M. arundinacea, now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows. 2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of Maranta arundinacea, and used as food, esp. for children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other plants, as various species of Maranta and Curcuma. Ar¶rowÏwood· (?), n. A shrub (Viburnum dentatum) growing in damp woods and thickets; Ð so called from the long, straight, slender shoots. Ar¶rowÏworm· , n. (Zo”l.) A peculiar transparent worm of the genus Sagitta, living at the surface of the sea. See Sagitta. Ar¶rowÏy (?), a. 1. Consisting of arrows. How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot Sharp sleet of arrowy showers. Milton. 2. Formed or moving like, or in any respect resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing. ½His arrowy tongue.¸ Cowper. By the blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone. Byron. With arrowy vitalities, vivacities, and ingenuities. Carlyle. Ø ArÏroy¶o (?), n.; pl Arroyos (?). [Sp., fr. LL. arrogium; cf. Gr. ? river, stream, fr. ? to flow.] 1. A water course; a rivulet. 2. The dry bed of a small stream. [Western U. S.] Ø Ar¶schin (?), n. See Arshine. Arse , n. [AS. ears; ‘rs; akin to OHG. ars. G. arsch, D. aars, Sw. ars, Dan. arts, Gr. ? (cf. ? tail).] The buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the fundament; the bottom. Ar¶seÏnal , n. [Sp. & F. arsenal arsenal, dockyard, or It. arzanale, arsenale (cf. It. & darsena dock); all fr. Ar. d¾r?in¾'a house of industry or fabrication; d¾r house + ?in¾ art, industry.] A public establishment for the storage, or for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military equipments, whether for land or naval service. Ar¶seÏnate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of arsenic acid. ArÏse¶niÏate , n. See Arsenate. [R.] Ar¶seÏnic (?; 277), n. [L. arsenicum, Gr. ?, ?, yellow orpiment, perh. fr. ? or better Attic ? masculine, ? male, on account of its strength, or fr. Per. zernÆkh: cf. F. arsenic.] 1. (Chem.) One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with the nonmetals. It is of a steelÐgray color and brilliant luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at 3560 Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native, but usually combined with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony, or sulphur. Orpiment and realgar are two of its sulphur compounds, the first of which is the true arsenticum of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol As. 2. (Com.) Arsenious oxide or arsenious anhydride; Ð called also arsenious acid, white arsenic, and ratsbane. ArÏsen¶ic , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, ~; Ð said of those compounds of ~ in which this element hat its highest equivalence; as, arsenic acid. ArÏsen¶icÏal , a. Of or pertaining to, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenical vapor; arsenical wall papers. ~ silver, an ore of silver containing arsenic. ArÏsen¶iÏcate , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arsenicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Arsenicating.] To combine with arsenic; to treat or impregnate with arsenic. ArÏsen¶iÏcism , n. (Med.) A diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic. Ar¶senÏide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of arsenic with a metal, or positive element or radical; Ð formerly called arseniuret. Ar·senÏif¶erÏous (?), a. [Arsenic + Ïferous.] Containing or producing arsenic. ArÏse¶niÏous (?), a. [Cf. F. ars‚nieux.] 1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenious powder or glass. 2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the highest; as, arsenious acid. Ar¶senÏite (?), n. [Cf. F. ars‚nite.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base. Ar·seÏni¶uÏret (?), n. (Chem.) See Arsenide. Ar·seÏni¶uÏret·ed, a.ÿ(Chem.) Combined with arsenic; Ð said some elementary substances or radicals; as, arseniureted hydrogen. [Also spelt arseniuretted.] Ar·senÏoÏpyr¶ite (?), n. [Arsenic + pyrite.] (Min.) A mineral of a tinÐwhite color and metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; Ð also called arsenical pyrites and mispickel. Arse¶smart (?), n. Smartweed; water pepper. Dr. Prior. Ø Ar¶shine (?), n. [Russ. arshin, of TurkishÐTartar origin; Turk. arshin, arsh?n, ell, yard.] A Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches. Ar¶sine (?), n. [From Arsenic.] (Chem.) A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic; arseniureted hydrogen. Ø Ar¶sis (?), n. [L. arsis, Gr. ? a raising or lifting, an elevation of the voice, fr. ? to raise or apprehension; originally and properly it denotes the lifting of the hand in beating time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.] 1. (Pros.) (a) That part of a foot where the ictus is put, or which is distinguished from the rest (known as the thesis) of the foot by a greater stress of voice. Hermann. (b) That elevation of voice now called metrical accentuation, or the rhythmic accent. µ It is uncertain whether the arsis originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or longer duration of sound, or in all combined. 2. (Mus.) The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar; Ð opposed to thesis. Moore. Ars·met¶rike (?), n. [An erroneous form of arithmetic, as if from L. ars metrica the measuring art.] Arithmetic. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ar¶son (?; 277), n. [OF. arson, arsun, fr. L. ardere, arsum, to burn.] (Law) The malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man, which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary firing of a building or ship. Wharton. µ The definition of this crime is varied by statues in different countries and states. The English law of ~ has been considerably modified in the United States; in some of the States it has been materially enlarged, while in others, various degrees of ~ have been established, with corresponding punishment. Burrill. Art (?). The second person singular, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb Be; but formed after the analogy of the plural are, with the ending Ït, as in thou shalt, witt, orig. an ending of the second person sing. pret. Cf. Be. Now used only in solemn or poetical style.

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Art (?), n. [F. art, L. ars, artis, orig., skill in joining or fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat, article.] 1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the application of knowledge or power to practical purposes. Blest with each grace of nature and of art. Pope. 2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special work; Ð often contradistinguished from science or speculative principles; as, the art of building or engraving; the art of war; the art of navigation. Science is systematized knowledge... Art is knowledge made efficient skill. J. F. Genung. 3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business requiring such knowledge or skill. The fishermen can't employ their art with so much success in so troubled a sea. Addison. 4. The application of skill to the production of the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the fine arts; as, he prefers art to literature. 5. pl. Those branches of learning which are taught in the academical course of colleges; as, master of arts. In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts. Pope. Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation. Goldsmith. 6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters. [Archaic] So vast is art, so narrow human wit. Pope. 7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation; knack; a, a man has the art of managing his business to advantage. 8. Skillful plan; device. They employed every art to soothe... the discontented warriors. Macaulay. 9. Cunning; artifice; craft. Madam, I swear I use no art at all. Shak. Animals practice art when opposed to their superiors in strength. Crabb. 10 To black art; magic. [Obs.] Shak. ÷ and part (Scots Law), share or concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution; complicity. µ The arts are divided into various classes. The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called trades. The fine arts are those which have primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music, painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. The liberal arts (artes liberales, the higher arts, which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue) were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, Ð grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the arts; master and bachelor of arts. In America, literature and the elegant arts must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity. Irving. Syn. - Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill; dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See Science. Ø ArÏte¶miÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, a Greek goddess.] (Zo”l.) A genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the brine shrimp. See Brine shrimp. Ar·teÏmi¶siÏa (?), n. [L. Artemisia, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the plants called mugwort, southernwood, and wormwood. Of these A. absinthium, or common wormwood, is well known, and A. tridentata is the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region. ArÏte¶riÏac (?), a. [L. arteriacus, Gr. ?. See Artery.] Of or pertaining to the windpipe. ArÏte¶riÏal (?), a. [Cf. F. art‚riel.] 1. Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; as, arterial action; the arterial system. 2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad. ÷ blood, blood which has been changed and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the lungs. ArÏte·riÏalÏiÏza¶tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of converting venous blood into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; Ð called also a‰ration and hematosis. ArÏte¶riÏalÏize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arterialized ; p. pr. & vb. n. Arterializing.] To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial. ArÏte·riÏog¶raÏphy , n. [Gr. ? + Ïgraphy.] A systematic description of the arteries. ArÏte¶riÏole (?), n. [NL. arteriola, dim. of L. arteria: cf. F. art‚riole.] A small artery. ArÏte·riÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? + Ïlogy.] That part of anatomy which treats of arteries. ArÏte·riÏot¶oÏmy (?), n. [L. arteriotomia, Gr. ?; ? + ? a cutting.] 1. (Med.) The opening of an artery, esp. for bloodletting. 2. That part of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the arteries. Ø Ar·teÏri¶tis (?), n. [Artery + Ïetis.] Inflammation of an artery or arteries. Dunglison. Ar¶terÏy (?), n.; pl. Arteries (?). [L. arteria windpipe, artery, Gr. ?.] 1. The trachea or windpipe. [Obs.] ½Under the artery, or windpipe, is the mouth of the stomach.¸ Holland. 2. (Anat.) One of the vessels or tubes which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are connected with them by capillaries. µ In man and other mammals, the arteries which contain arterialized blood receive it from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta. See Aorta. The pulmonary artery conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the pulmonary veins. 3. Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of communication; as, arteries of trade or commerce. ArÏte¶sian (?), a. [F. art‚sien, fr. Artois in France, where many such wells have been made since the middle of the last century.] Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called Artesium), in France. ÷ wells, wells made by boring into the earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually of small diameter and often of great depth. Art¶ful (?), a. [From Art.] 1. Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill. [Archaic] ½Artful strains.¸ ½Artful terms.¸ Milton. 2. Artificial; imitative. Addison. 3. Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or contrivance; dexterous; skillful. He [was] too artful a writer to set down events in exact historical order. Dryden. 4. Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of dealing; crafty; as, an artful boy. [The usual sense.] Artful in speech, in action, and in mind. Pope. The artful revenge of various animals. Darwin. Syn. - Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty; tricky; deceitful; designing. See Cunning. Art¶fulÏly, adv. In an artful manner; with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily. Art¶fulÏness, n. The quality of being artful; art; cunning; craft. Ar¶then (?), a. Same as Earthen. [Obs.] ½An arthen pot.¸ Holland. ArÏthrit¶ic (?), ArÏthrit¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. arthriticus, Gr. ?. See Arthritis.] 1. Pertaining to the joints. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 2. Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty. Cowper. Ø ArÏthri¶tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ? (as if fem. of ? belonging to the joints, sc. ? disease) gout, fr. ? a joint.] (Med.) Any inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout. Ar¶throÏderm (?), n. [Gr. ? joint + 'derm.] (Zo”l.) The external covering of an Arthropod. Ø ArÏthro¶diÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? well articulated; ? a joint + ? shape.] (Anat.) A form of diarthrodial articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so that they form only an imperfect ball and socket. ArÏthro¶diÏal (?), ArÏthrod¶ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to arthrodia. Ø Ar·throÏdyn¶iÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? joint + ?? pain.] (Med.) An affection characterized by pain in or about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease. Ar·throÏdyn¶ic , a. Pertaining to arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic. Ø Ar·throÏgas¶tra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? joint + ? stomach.] (Zo”l.) A division of the Arachnida, having the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.; pedipalpi. ArÏthrog¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? joint + Ïgraphy.] The description of joints. ArÏthrol¶oÏgy , n. [Gr. ? joint + Ïlogy.] That part of anatomy which treats of joints. Ar¶throÏmere (?), n. [Gr. ? joint + Ïmere.] (Zo”l.) One of the body segments of Arthropods. See Arthrostraca. Packard. Ø Ar·throÏpleu¶ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? joint + ? the side.] (Zo”l.) The side or limbÐbearing portion of an arthromere. Ar¶throÏpod (?), n (Zo”l.) One of the Arthropoda. Ø ArÏthrop¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? joint + Ïpoda.] (Zo”l.) A large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea. Ð ArÏthrop¶oÏdal (?), a. Ø Ar·throÏpom¶aÏta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? joint + ? lid.] (Zo”l.) One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See Branchiopoda. Ø ArÏthro¶sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? joint.] (Anat.) Articulation. Ø ArÏthros¶traÏca , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? joint + ? a shell.] (Zo”l.) One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda. Ar·throÏzo¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? joint + ? animal, fr. ? an animal.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Articulata; articulate. Ar¶tiÏad (?), a. [Gr. ? even, fr. ? exactly.] (Chem.) Even; not odd; Ð said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of which is divisible by two without a remainder. Ar¶tiÏchoke (?), n. [It. articioc?o, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco, archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp. alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar. alÐharshaf, alÐkharsh?f.] (Bot.) 1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food. 2. See Jerusalem artichoke. Ar¶tiÏcle (?), n. [F., fr. L. articulus, dim. of artus joint, akin to Gr. ?, fr. a root ar to join, fit. See Art, n.] 1. A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various topics; as, an article in the Constitution. Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement; as, articles of agreement. 2. A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia. 3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct. [Obs.] A very great revolution that happened in this article of good breeding. Addison. This last article will hardly be believed. De Foe. 4. A distinct part. ½Upon each article of human duty.¸ Paley. ½Each article of time.¸ Habington. The articles which compose the blood. E. Darwin. 5. A particular one of various things; as, an article of merchandise; salt is a necessary article. They would fight not for articles of faith, but for articles of food. Landor. 6. Precise point of time; moment. [Obs. or Archaic] This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the article of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his prejudice. Evelyn. 7. (Gram.) One of the three words, a, an, the, used before nouns to limit or define their application. A (or an) is called the indefinite article, the the definite article. 8. (Zo”l.) One of the segments of an articulated appendage. Articles of Confederation, the compact which was first made by the original thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789. Ð Articles of impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a common criminal case. Ð Articles of war, rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better government of the army. Ð In the ~ of death [L. in articulo mortis], at the moment of death; in the dying struggle. Ð Lords of the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws. Ð The ThirtyÐnine Articles, statements (thirtyÐnine in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England. Ar¶tiÏcle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Articled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Articling (?).] [Cf. F. articuler, fr. L. articulare. See Article, n., Articulate.] 1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars. If all his errors and follies were articled against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable. Jer. Taylor. 2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. He shall be articled against in the high court of admiralty. Stat. 33 Geo. III. 3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic. Ar¶tiÏcle, v. i. To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant. [R.] Then he articled with her that he should go away when he pleased. Selden. Ar¶tiÏcled (?), a. Bound by articles; apprenticed; as, an articled clerk. ArÏtic¶uÏlar (?), a. [L. articularis: cf. F. articulaire. See Article, n.] Of or pertaining to the joints; as, an articular disease; an articular process. ArÏtic¶uÏlar (?), ArÏtic¶uÏlaÏry (?), } n. (Anat.) A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

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ArÏtic¶uÏlarÏly , adv. In an articular or an articulate manner. Ø ArÏtic·uÏla¶ta (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. from L. articulatus furnished with joints, distinct, p. p. of articulare. See Article, v.] (Zo”l.) 1. One of the four subkingdoms in the classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later writers. µ It includes those Invertebrata having the body composed of ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the unsegmented worms (helminths) have also been included; by others it is restricted to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with the Annulosa of some authors. The chief subdivisions are Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the Annelida and allied forms. 2. One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda, including those that have the shells united by a hinge. 3. A subdivision of the Crinoidea. ArÏtic¶uÏlate (?), a. [L. articulatus. See Articulata.] 1. Expressed in articles or in separate items or particulars. [Archaic] Bacon. 2. Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of segments united by joints; as, articulate animals or plants. 3. Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables; as, articulate speech, sounds, words. Total changes of party and articulate opinion. Carlyle. ArÏtic¶uÏlate, n. (Zo”l.) An animal of the subkingdom Articulata. ArÏtic¶uÏlate (?)(?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Articulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Articulating (?). 1. To utter ~ sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to enunciate; to speak distinctly. 2. To treat or make terms. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To join or be connected by articulation. ArÏtic¶uÏlate, v. t. 1. To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints or at the joints. 2. To draw up or write in separate articles; to particularize; to specify. [Obs.] 3. To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; as, to articulate letters or language. ½To articulate a word.¸ Ray. 4. To express distinctly; to give utterance to. Luther articulated himself upon a process that hand already begun in the Christian church. Bibliotheca Sacra. To... articulate the dumb, deep want of the people. Carlyle. ArÏtic¶uÏla·ted (?), a. 1. United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; as, an articulated skeleton. 2. Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the organs of speech; pronounced. ArÏtic¶uÏlateÏly (?), adv. 1. After the manner, or in the form, of a joint. 2. Article by article; in distinct particulars; in detail; definitely. Paley. I had articulately set down in writing our points. Fuller. 3. With distinct utterance of the separate sounds. ArÏtic¶uÏlateÏness, n. Quality of being articulate. ArÏtic·uÏla¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. articulation, fr. L. articulatio.] 1. (Anat.) A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton. µ Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc. 2. (Bot.) (a) The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods. (b) One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize. (c) One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc. Lindley. 3. The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of parts in a joint. 4. The state of being jointed; connection of parts. [R.] That definiteness and articulation of imagery. Coleridge. 5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; as, a distinct articulation. 6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant. ArÏtic¶uÏlaÏtive (?), a. Of or pertaining to articulation. Bush. ArÏtic¶uÏla·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, articulates; as: (a) One who enunciates distinctly. (b) One who prepares and mounts skeletons. (c) An instrument to cure stammering. Ø ArÏtic¶uÏlus (?)(?) n.; pl. Articuli (?). [L. See Article.] (Zo”l.) A joint of the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod appendage. Ar¶tiÏfice (?), n. [L. artificium, fr. artifex artificer; ars, artis, art + facere to make: cf. F. artifice.] 1. A handicraft; a trade; art of making. [Obs.] 2. Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work. The material universe.. in the artifice of God, the artifice of the best Mechanist. Cudworth. 3. Artful or skillful contrivance. His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much artifice. Craik. 4. Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or elaborate trick. [Now the usual meaning.] Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous artifices for the purpose of averting inquiry. Macaulay. ArÏtif¶iÏcer (?), n. [Cf. F. artificier, fr. LL. artificiarius.] 1. An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind, as a silversmith. 2. One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor, or framer. ½Artificer of fraud.¸ Milton. The great Artificer of all that moves. Cowper. 3. A cunning or artful fellow. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 4. (Mil.) A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory. Syn. - Artisan; artist. See Artisan. Ar·tiÏfi¶cial (?), a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See Artifice.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. ½Artificial tears.¸ Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. Gibbon. ÷ arguments (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. Johnson. Ð ÷ classification (science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, ½the artificial system¸ in botany, which is the same as the Linn‘an system. Ð ÷ horizon. See under Horizon. ÷ light, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. Ð ÷ lines, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. Ð ÷ numbers, logarithms. Ð ÷ person (Law). See under Person. Ð ÷ sines, tangents, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural, tangents, etc. Hutton. Ar·tiÏfi·ciÏal¶iÏty (?), n. The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is artificial. Ar·tiÏfi¶cialÏize (?), v. t. To render artificial. Ar·tiÏfi¶cialÏly, adv. 1. In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by nature. 2. Ingeniously; skillfully. [Obs.] The spider's web, finely and artificially wrought. Tillotson. 3. Craftily; artfully. [Obs.] Sharp dissembled so artificially. Bp. Burnet. Ar·tiÏfi¶cialÏness, n. The quality of being artificial. Ar·tiÏfi¶cious (?), a. [L. artificiosus.] Artificial. [Obs.] Johnson. Art¶iÏlize (?), v. t. To make resemble. [Obs.] If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art instead of artilizing nature. Bolingbroke. ArÏtil¶lerÏist (?), n. A person skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman. ArÏtil¶lerÏy (?), n. [OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F. artillerie great guns, ordnance; OF. artillier to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob. from L. ars, artis, skill in joining something, art. See Art.] 1. Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows. [Obs.] And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad. 1 Sam. xx. 40. 2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns, mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages, balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds. µ The word is sometimes used in a more extended sense, including the powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses, that belong to a train of ~. 3. The men and officers of that branch of the army to which the care and management of ~ are confided. 4. The science of ~ or gunnery. Campbell. ÷ park, or Park of ~. (a) A collective body of siege or field ~, including the guns, and the carriages, ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for working them. (b) The place where the ~ is encamped or collected. Ð ÷ train, or Train of ~, a number of pieces of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready for marching. ArÏtil¶lerÏyÏman (?), n. A man who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing. Ø Ar·tiÏoÏdac¶tyÏla (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? even + ? finger or toe.] (Zo”l.) One of the divisions of the ungulate animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number, and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit, as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; Ð opposed to Perissodactyla. Ar·tiÏoÏdac¶tyle (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Artiodactyla. Ar·tiÏoÏdac¶tyÏlous (?), a. (Zo”l.) EvenÐtoed. Ar¶tiÏsan (?; 277), n. [F. artisan, fr. L. artitus skilled in arts, fr. ars, artis, art: cf. It. artigiano. See Art, n.] 1. One who professes and practices some liberal art; an artist. [Obs.] 2. One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic. This is willingly submitted to by the artisan, who can... compensate his additional toil and fatigue. Hume. Syn. - Artificer; artist. Ð Artisan, Artist, Artificer. An artist is one who is skilled in some one of the fine arts; an artisan is one who exercises any mechanical employment. A portrait painter is an artist; a sign painter is an artisan, although he may have the taste and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An artificer is one who requires power of contrivance and adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches to the term artisan, nor the ideas of refinement and of peculiar skill which belong to the term artist. Art¶ist (?), n. [F. artiste, LL. artista, fr. L. ars. See Art, n., and cf. Artiste.] 1. One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [Obs.] How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast, Instruct the articles and reward their. Waller. 2. One who professes and practices an art in which science and taste preside over the manual execution. µ The term is particularly applied to painters, sculptors, musicians, engravers, and architects. Elmes. 3. One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any manual art or occupation. Pope. 4. An artful person; a schemer. [Obs.] Syn. - Artisan. See Artisan. Ø ArÏtiste¶ (?), n. [F. See Artist.] One peculiarly dexterous and tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a hairdresser, a cook. µ This term should not be confounded with the English word artist. ArÏtis¶tic , ArÏtis¶ticÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. artistique, fr. artiste.] Of or pertaining to art or to artists; made in the manner of an artist; conformable to art; characterized by art; showing taste or skill. Ð ArÏtis¶ticÏalÏly, adv. Art¶istÏry (?), n. 1. Works of art collectively. 2. Artistic effect or quality. Southey. 3. Artistic pursuits; artistic ability. The Academy. Art¶less (?), a. 1. Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant; unskillful. Artless of stars and of the moving sand. Dryden. 2. Contrived without skill or art; inartistic. [R.] Artless and massy pillars. T. Warton. 3. Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem; characterized by simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless; ingenuous; honest; as, an artless mind; an artless tale. They were plain, artless men, without the least appearance of enthusiasm or credulity about them. Porteus. O, how unlike the complex works of man, Heaven's easy, artless, unencumbered plan! Cowper. Syn. - Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless; unsophisticated; open; frank; candid. Art¶lessÏly, adv. In an artless manner; without art, skill, or guile; unaffectedly. Pope. Art¶lessÏness, n. The quality of being artless, or void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity. Art¶ly, adv. With art or skill. [Obs.] Ar·toÏcar¶peÏous (?), Ar·toÏcar¶pous (?), } a. [Gr. ? bread + ? fruit.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus Artocarpus. Ar¶toÏtype (?), n. [Art + type.] A kind of autotype. Ar·toÏty¶rite (?), n. [LL. Artotyritae, pl., fr. Gr. ? bread + ? cheese.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the primitive church, who celebrated the Lord's Supper with bread and cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men not only of the fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. [Gen. iv. 3, 4.] Ar¶tow (?). A contraction of art thou. [Obs.] Chaucer. Arts¶man (?), n. A man skilled in an art or in arts. [Obs.] Bacon. Art· un¶ion (?). An association for promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and giving encouragement to artists. Ø A¶rum , n. [L. arum, aros, Gr. ?.] A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an example. Our common arums the lords and ladies of village children. Lubbock. µ The American ½Jack in the pulpit¸ is now separated from the genus Arum. Ar·unÏdel¶ian (?), a. Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; as, Arundel or Arundelian marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought by the Earl of Arundel in 1624. Ar·unÏdif¶erÏous , a. [L. arundifer; arundo reed + ferre to bear.] Producing reeds or canes. AÏrun·diÏna¶ceous (?), a. [L. arundinaceus, fr. arundo reed.] Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane. Ar·unÏdin¶eÏous (?), a. [L. arundineus, fr. arundo reed.] Abounding with reeds; reedy. Ø AÏrus¶pex (?), n.; pl. Aruspices (?). [L. aruspex or haruspex.] One of the class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on the altars of the gods. AÏrus¶pice (?), n. [L. aruspex: cf. F. aruspice. Cf. Aruspex, Haruspice.] A soothsayer of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspex. [Written also haruspice.] AÏrus¶piÏcy (?), n. [L. aruspicium, haruspicium.] Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims slain sacrifice. Ar¶val (?), n. [W. arwyl funeral; ar over + wylo to weep, or cf. arf”l; Icel. arfr inheritance + Sw. ”l ale. Cf. Bridal.] A funeral feast. [North of Eng.] Grose. Ar¶viÏcole (?), n. [L. arvum field + colere to inhabit.] (Zo”l.) A mouse of the genus Arvicola; the meadow mouse. There are many species. Ar¶yan (?), n. [Skr. ¾rya excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the country Iran, and perh. to Erin, Ireland, and the early name of this people, at least in Asia.] 1. One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo ???? and Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of mankind called also IndoÐEuropean or IndoÐGermanic.

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2. The language of the original Aryans. [Written also Arian.] Ar¶yan (?), a. Of or pertaining to the people called Aryans; IndoÐEuropean; IndoÐGermanic; as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan languages. Ar¶yanÏize , v. t. To make Aryan (a language, or in language). K. Johnston. AÏryt¶eÏnoid (?), a. [Gr. ? shaped like a ladle; ? a ladle + ? form.] (Anat.) LadleÐshaped; Ð applied to two small cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc., connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid cartilage and connected with the vocal cords. As (?), adv. & conj. [OE. as, als, alse, also, al swa, AS. eal sw¾, lit. all so; hence, quite so, quite as: cf. G. als as, than, also so, then. See Also.] 1. Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap as you sow; do as you are bidden. His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren. Macaulay. µ As is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative words such, same, so, or as, in expressing an equality or comparison; as, give us such things as you please, and so long as you please, or as long as you please; he is not so brave as Cato; she is as amiable as she is handsome; come as quickly as possible. ½Bees appear fortunately to prefer the same colors as we do.¸ Lubbock. As, in a preceding part of a sentence, has such or so to answer correlatively to it; as with the people, so with the priest. 2. In the idea, character, or condition of, Ð limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; as, virtue considered as virtue; this actor will appear as Hamlet. The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man merely as a king. Dewey. 3. While; during or at the same time that; when; as, he trembled as he spoke. As I return I will fetch off these justices. Shak. 4. Because; since; it being the case that. As the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms... they were not indifferently prepared. Sir W. Scott. [See Synonym under Because.] 5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching though in meaning). We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited. Macaulay. 6. That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives so and such.ÿ[Obs.] I can place thee in such abject state, as help shall never find thee. Rowe. So ~, so that. [Obs.] The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of examination. Bacon. 7. As if; as though. [Obs. or Poetic] He lies, as he his bliss did know. Waller. 8. For instance; by way of example; thus; Ð used to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations. 9. Than. [Obs. & R.] The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors. Fuller. 10 Expressing a wish. [Obs.] ½As have,¸ i. e., may he have. Chaucer.

As... as. See So... as, under So. Ð As far as, to the extent or degree. ½As far as can be ascertained.¸ Macaulay. Ð As far forth as, as far as. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ð As for, or As to, in regard to; with respect to. Ð As good as, not less than; not falling short of. Ð As good as one's word, faithful to a promise. Ð As if, or As though, of the same kind, or in the same condition or manner, that it would be if. Ð As it were (as it were), a qualifying phrase used to apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner. Ð As now, just now. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ð As swythe, as quickly as possible. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ð As well, also; too; besides. Addison. Ð As well as, equally with, no less than. ½I have understanding as well as you.¸ Job xii. 3. Ð As yet, until now; up to or at the present time; still; now. As (?), n. [See Ace.] An ace. [Obs.] Chaucer. AmbesÐas, double aces. Ø As (?), n.; pl. Asses (?). [L. as. See Ace.] 1. A Roman weight, answering to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight. It was divided into twelve ounces. 2. A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to half an ounce. Ø As¶a (?), n. [NL. asa, of oriental origin; cf. Per. az¾ mastic, Ar. as¾ healing, is¾ remedy.] An ancient name of a gum. As·aÏfet¶iÏda, As·aÏf?t¶iÏda } (?), n. [Asa + L. foetidus fetid.] The fetid gum resin or inspissated juice of a large umbelliferous plant (Ferula asaf?tida) of Persia and the East India. It is used in medicine as an antispasmodic. [Written also assaf?tida.] Ø As¶aÏphus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? indistinct, uncertain.] (Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation. See Illust. in Append. Ø As·aÏraÏbac¶ca (?), n. [L. asarum + bacca a berry. See Asarone.] (Bot.) An acrid herbaceous plant (Asarum Europ‘um), the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic. It is principally used in cephalic snuffs. As¶aÏrone (?), n. [L. asarum hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. ?] (Chem.) A crystallized substance, resembling camphor, obtained from the Asarum Europ‘um; Ð called also camphor of asarum. AsÏbes¶tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable; asbestine. AsÏbes¶tiÏform (?), a. [L. asbestus + Ïform.] Having the form or structure of asbestus. AsÏbes¶tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature; incombustible; asbestic. AsÏbes¶tous (?), a. Asbestic. AsÏbes¶tus (?), AsÏbes¶tos (?; 277), } n. [L. asbestos (NL. asbestus) a kind of mineral unaffected by fire, Gr. ? (prop. an adj.) inextinguishable; ? priv. + ? to extinguish.] (Min.) A variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a white, gray, or greenÐgray color. The name is also given to a similar variety of serpentine. µ The finer varieties have wrought into gloves and cloth which are incombustible. The cloth was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies, and has been recommended for firemen's clothes. Asbestus in also employed in the manufacture of iron sa?es, for fireproof roofing, and for lampwicks. Some varieties are called amianthus. Dana. Ab¶soÏlin (?), n. [Gr. ? soot.] (Chem.) A peculiar acrid and bitter oil, obtained from wood soot. As¶caÏrid (?), n.; pl. Ascarides (?) or Ascarids. [NL. ascaris, fr. Gr. ?.] (Zo”l.) A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, often occurring in the human intestine and allied species found in domestic animals; also commonly applied to the pinworm (Oxyuris), often troublesome to children and aged persons. AsÏcend¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ascended; p. pr. & vb. n. Ascending.] [L. ascendere; ad + scandere to climb, mount. See Scan.] 1. To move upward; to mount; to go up; to rise; Ð opposed to descend. Higher yet that star ascends. Bowring. I ascend unto my father and your father. John xx. 17. Formerly used with up. The smoke of it ascended up to heaven. Addison. 2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, from modern to ancient times, from one note to another more acute, etc.; as, our inquiries ascend to the remotest antiquity; to ascend to our first progenitor. Syn. - To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower. AsÏcend¶, v. t. To go or move upward upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go up the top of; as, to ascend a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a throne. AsÏcend¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being ascended. AsÏcend¶anÏcy (?), AsÏcend¶ance (?), } n. Same as Ascendency. AsÏcend¶ant (?), n. [F. ascendant, L. ascendens; p. pr. of ascendere.] 1. Ascent; height; elevation. [R.] Sciences that were then in their highest ascendant. Temple. 2. (Astrol.) The horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which roses above the horizon at the moment of one's birth; supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's life and fortune. µ Hence the phrases To be in the ~, to have commanding power or influence, and Lord of the ~, one who has possession of such power or influence; as, to rule, for a while, lord of the ascendant. Burke. 3. Superiority, or commanding influence; ascendency; as, one man has the ascendant over another. Chievres had acquired over the mind of the young monarch the ascendant not only of a tutor, but of a parent. Robertson. 4. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy or degrees of kindred; a relative in the ascending line; a progenitor; Ð opposed to descendant. Ayliffe. AsÏcend¶ant (?), AsÏcend¶ent (?), } a. 1. Rising toward the zenith; above the horizon. The constellation... about that time ascendant. Browne. 2. Rising; ascending. Ruskin. 3. Superior; surpassing; ruling. An ascendant spirit over him. South. The ascendant community obtained a surplus of wealth. J. S. Mill. Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending himself against accusations, ... no man could possibly hold an ascendent position. Grote. AsÏcend¶enÏcy (?), n. Governing or controlling influence; domination; power. An undisputed ascendency. Macaulay. Custom has an ascendency over the understanding. Watts. Syn. - Control; authority; influence; sway' dominion; prevalence; domination. AsÏcend¶iÏble (?), a. [L. ascendibilis.] Capable of being ascended; climbable. AsÏcend¶ing, a. Rising; moving upward; as, an ascending kite. Ð AsÏcend¶ingÏly, adv. ÷ latitude (Astron.), the increasing latitude of a planet. Ferguson. Ð ÷ line (Geneal.), the line of relationship traced backward or through one's ancestors. One's father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, etc., are in the line direct ascending. Ð ÷ nodeÿhaving, that node of the moon or a planet wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called the northern node. Herschel. Ð ÷ series. (Math.) (a) A series arranged according to the ~ powers of a quantity. (b) A series in which each term is greater than the preceding. Ð ÷ signs, signs east of the meridian. AsÏcen¶sion , n. [F. ascension, L. ascensio, fr. ascendere. See Ascend.] 1. The act of ascending; a rising; ascent. 2. Specifically: The visible ascent of our Savior on the fortieth day after his resurrection. (Acts i. 9.) Also, Ascension Day. 3. An ascending or arising, as in distillation; also that which arises, as from distillation. Vaporous ascensions from the stomach. Sir T. Browne. ÷ Day, the Thursday but one before Whitsuntide, the day on which commemorated our Savior's ~ into heaven after his resurrection; Ð called also Holy Thursday. Ð Right ~ (Astron.), that degree of the equinoctial, counted from the beginning of Aries, which rises with a star, or other celestial body, in a right sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the meridian with the star; Ð expressed either in degrees or in time. Ð Oblique ~ (Astron.), an arc of the equator, intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator which rises together with a star, in an oblique sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the horizon with a star. It is little used in modern astronomy. AsÏcen¶sionÏal (?), a. Relating to ascension; connected with ascent; ascensive; tending upward; as, the ascensional power of a balloon. ÷ difference (Astron.), the difference between oblique and right ascension; Ð used chiefly as expressing the difference between the time of the rising or setting of a body and six o'clock, or six hours from its meridian passage. AsÏcen¶sive (?), a. [See Ascend.] 1. Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise. Owen. 2. (Gram.) Augmentative; intensive. Ellicott. AsÏcent¶ (?). [Formed like descent, as if from a F. ascente, fr. a verb ascendre, fr. L. ascendere. See Ascend, Descent.] 1. The act of rising; motion upward; rise; a mounting upward; as, he made a tedious ascent; the ascent of vapors from the earth. To him with swift ascent he up returned. Milton. 2. The way or means by which one ascends. 3. An eminence, hill, or high place. Addison. 4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; rising grade; as, a road has an ascent of five degrees. As·cerÏtain¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ascertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ascertaining.] [OF. acertener; a (L. ad) + certain. See Certain.] 1. To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to make confident; to assure; to apprise. [Obs.] When the blessed Virgin was so ascertained. Jer. Taylor. Muncer assured them that the design was approved of by Heaven, and that the Almighty had in a dream ascertained him of its effects. Robertson. 2. To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free from obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to determine. [Archaic] The divine law... ascertaineth the truth. Hooker. The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase and ascertain the condemnation. Jer. Taylor. The ministry, in order to ascertain a majority... persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers. Smollett. The mildness and precision of their laws ascertained the rule and measure of taxation. Gibbon. 3. To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial, examination, or experiment; to get to know; as, to ascertain the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a metal. He was there only for the purpose of ascertaining whether a descent on England was practicable. Macaulay. As·cerÏtain¶aÏble (?), a. That may be ascertained. Ð As·cerÏtain¶aÏbleÏness, n. Ð As·cerÏtain¶aÏbly, adv. As·cerÏtain¶er (?), n. One who ascertains. As·cerÏtain¶ment (?), n. The act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; a finding out by investigation; discovery. The positive ascertainment of its limits. Burke. AsÏces¶sanÏcy (?), n. AsÏces¶sant (?), a. See Acescency, Acescent. [Obs.] AsÏcet¶ic (?) a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to exercise, to practice gymnastics.] Extremely rigid in selfÐdenial and devotions; austere; severe. The stern ascetic rigor of the Temple discipline. Sir W. Scott. AsÏcet¶ic, n. In the early church, one who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life, characterized by devotion, extreme selfÐdenial, and selfÐmortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices extreme rigor and selfÐdenial in religious things. I am far from commending those ascetics that take up their quarters in deserts. Norris. ÷ theology, the science which treats of the practice of the theological and moral virtues, and the counsels of perfection. Am. Cyc. AsÏcet¶iÏcism (?), n. The condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics. As¶cham (?), n. [From Roger Ascham, who was a great lover of archery.] A sort of cupboard, or case, to contain bows and other implements of archery. Ø As¶ci , n. pl. See Ascus. As¶cian , n. One of the Ascii. AsÏcid¶iÏan (?), n. [Gr. ? bladder, pouch.] (Zo”l.) One of the Ascidioidea, or in a more general sense, one of the Tunicata. Also as an Adj. Ø AsÏcid·iÏa¶riÏum (?), n. [NL. See Ascidium.] (Zo”l.) The structure which unites together the ascidiozooids in a compound ascidian. AsÏcid¶iÏform , a. [Gr. ? a pouch + Ïform.] (Zo”l.) Shaped like an ascidian. Ø AsÏcid·iÏoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. ascidium + Ïoid. See Ascidium.] (Zo”l.) A group of Tunicata, often shaped like a twoÐnecked bottle. The group includes, social, and compound species. The gill is a netlike structure within the oral aperture. The integument is usually leathery in texture. See Illustration in Appendix.

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AsÏcid·iÏoÏzo¶oid (?), n. [Ascidium + zooid.] (Zo”l.) One of the individual members of a compound ascidian. See Ascidioidea. Ø AsÏcid¶iÏum (?), n.; pl. Ascidia (?). [NL., fr. ascus. See Ascus.] 1. (Bot.) A pitcherÐshaped, or flaskÐshaped, organ or appendage of a plant, as the leaves of the pitcher plant, or the little bladderlike traps of the bladderwort (Utricularia). 2. pl. (Zo”l.) A genus of simple ascidians, which formerly included most of the known species. It is sometimes used as a name for the Ascidioidea, or for all the Tunicata. AsÏcig¶erÏous (?), a. [Ascus + Ïgerous.] (Bot.) Having asci. Loudon. Ø As¶ciÏi (?), As¶cians (?), } n. pl. [L. ascii, pl. of ascius, Gr. ? without shadow; ? priv. + ? shadow.] Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; Ð applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a vertical sun. Ø AsÏci¶tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ? (sc. ? disease), fr. ? bladder, belly.] (Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the cavity of the abdomen; dropsy of the peritoneum. Dunglison. AsÏcit¶ic (?), AsÏcit¶icÏal (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or affected by, ascites; dropsical. As·ciÏti¶tious (?), a. [See Adscititious.] Supplemental; not inherent or original; adscititious; additional; assumed. Homer has been reckoned an ascititious name. Pope. AsÏcle¶piÏad (?), n. (Gr. & L. Pros.) A choriambic verse, first used by the Greek poet Asclepias, consisting of four feet, viz., a spondee, two choriambi, and an iambus. AsÏcle·piÏaÏda¶ceous , a. [See Asclepias.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the Milkweed family. Ø AsÏcle¶piÏas , n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, named from Asclepios or Aesculapius.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the milkweed, swallowwort, and some other species having medicinal properties. ÷ butterfly (Zo”l.), a large, handsome, red and black butterfly (Danais Archippus), found in both hemispheres. It feeds on plants of the genus Asclepias. Ø As·coÏcoc¶cus (?), n.; pl. Ascococci (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? bladder, bag + ? kernel.] (Biol.) A form of micrococcus, found in putrid meat infusions, occurring in peculiar masses, each of which is inclosed in a hyaline capsule and contains a large number of spherical micrococci. As¶coÏspore (?), n. [Ascus + spore.] (Bot.) One of the spores contained in the asci of lichens and fungi. [See Illust. of Ascus.] AsÏcrib¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being ascribed; attributable. AsÏcribe¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ascribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ascribing.] [L. ascribere, adscribere, to ascribe; ad + scribere to write: cf. OF. ascrire. See Scribe.] 1. To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause; as, his death was ascribed to a poison; to ascribe an effect to the right cause; to ascribe such a book to such an author. The finest [speech] that is ascribed to Satan in the whole poem. Addison. 2. To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or allege to belong. Syn. - To Ascribe, Attribute, Impute. Attribute denotes, 1. To refer some quality or attribute to a being; as, to attribute power to God. 2. To refer something to its cause or source; as, to attribute a backward spring to icebergs off the coast. Ascribe is used equally in both these senses, but involves a different image. To impute usually denotes to ~ something doubtful or wrong, and hence, in general literature, has commonly a bad sense; as, to impute unworthy motives. The theological sense of impute is not here taken into view. More than goodÐwill to me attribute naught. Spenser. Ascribes his gettings to his parts and merit. Pope. And fairly quit him of the imputed blame. Spenser. As¶cript (?), a. See Adscript. [Obs.] AsÏcrip¶tion (?), n. [L. ascriptio, fr. ascribere. See Ascribe.] The act of ascribing, imputing, or affirming to belong; also, that which is ascribed. As·cripÏti¶tious (?), a. [L. ascriptitius, fr. ascribere.] 1. Ascribed. 2. Added; additional. [Obs.] An ascriptitious and supernumerary God. Farindon. As¶cus (?), n.; pl Asci (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? a bladder.] (Bot.) A small membranous bladder or tube in which are inclosed the seedlike reproductive particles or sporules of lichens and certain fungi. AÐsea , adv. [Pref. aÏ + sea.] On the sea; at sea; toward the sea. AÏsep¶tic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + septic.] Not liable to putrefaction; nonputrescent. Ð n. An ~ substance. AÏsex¶uÏal (?; 135), a. [Pref. aÏ not + sexual.] (Biol.) Having no distinct; without sexual action; as, asexual reproduction. See Fission and Gemmation. AÏsex¶uÏalÏly (?), adv. In an asexual manner; without sexual agency. Ash (?), n. [OE. asch, esh, AS. ‘sc; akin to OHG. asc, Sw. & Dan. ask, Icel. askr, D. esch, G. esche.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of trees of the Olive family, having opposite pinnate leaves, many of the species furnishing valuable timber, as the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the white ash (F. Americana). Prickly ~ (Zanthoxylum Americanum) and Poison ~ (R??s venerala) are shrubs of different families, somewhat resembling the true ashes in their foliage. Ð Mountain ~. See Roman tree, and under Mountain. 2. The tough, elastic wood of the ~ tree. Ash is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound term; as, ash bud, ash wood, ash tree, etc. Ash, n., sing. of Ashes. µ Ash is rarely used in the singular except in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda ash, coal which yields a red ash, etc., or as a qualifying or combining word; as, ash bin, ash heap, ash hole, ash pan, ash pit, ashÐgrey, ashÐgrey, ashÐcolored, pearlash, potash. Bone ~, burnt powered; bone earth. Ð Volcanic ~. See under Ashes. Ash, v. t. To strew or sprinkle with ashes. Howell. AÏshame (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + shame: cf. AS. ¾scamian to shame (where ¾Ï is the same as Goth. usÏ, G. erÏ, and orig. meant out), gescamian, gesceamian, to shame.] To shame. [R.] Barrow. AÏshamed¶ (?), a. [Orig. a p. p. of ashame, v. t.] Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of some wrong action or impropriety. ½I am ashamed to beg.¸ Wyclif. All that forsake thee shall be ashamed. Jer. xvii. 13. I began to be ashamed of sitting idle. Johnson. Enough to make us ashamed of our species. Macaulay. An ashamed person can hardly endure to meet the gaze of those present. Darwin. µ Ashamed seldom precedes the noun or pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the Bible to mean disappointed, or defeated. AÏsham¶edÏly (?), adv. Bashfully. [R.] Ash·anÏtee¶ (?), n.; pl. Ashantees (?). A native or an inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa. Ash·anÏtee¶, a. Of or pertaining to Ashantee. Ash¶Ðcol·ored (?), a. Of the color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray. Ash¶en (?), a. [See Ash, the tree.] Of or pertaining to the ash tree. ½Ashen poles.¸ Dryden. Ash¶en, a. Consisting of, or resembling, ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and gray. The ashen hue of age. Sir W. Scott. Ash¶en (?), n., obs. pl. for Ashes. Chaucer. Ash¶erÏy (?), n. 1. A depository for ashes. 2. A place where potash is made. Ash¶es (?), n. pl. [OE. asche, aske, AS. asce, ‘sce, axe; akin to OHG. asca, G. asche, D. asch, Icel. & Sw. aska, Dan. aske, Goth. azgo.] 1. The earthy or mineral particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion, as of wood or coal. 2. Specifically: The remains of the human body when burnt, or when ¸returned to dust¸ by natural decay. Their martyred blood and ashes sow. Milton. The coffins were broken open. The ashes were scattered to the winds. Macaulay. 3. The color of ashes; deathlike paleness. The lip of ashes, and the cheek of flame. Byron. In dust and ~, In sackcloth and ~, with humble expression of grief or repentance; Ð from the method of mourning in Eastern lands. Ð Volcanic ~, or Volcanic ash, the loose, earthy matter, or small fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes. Ash¶Ïfire , n. A low fire used in chemical operations. Ash¶Ðfur·nace (?), Ash¶Ðov·en (?), n. A furnace or oven for fritting materials for glass making. AÏschine¶ (?), a. Shining; radiant. Ash¶lar, Ash¶ler } (?), n. [OE. ascheler, achiler, OF. aiseler, fr. aiselle, dim. of ais plank, fr. L. axis, assis, plank, axle. See Axle.] 1. (Masonry) (a) Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone. Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When hammerÏdressed it is known as common ashlar. Knight. (b) In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick. 2. (Carp.) One of the short upright pieces or studs between the floor beams and the rafters of a garret. Ashlar pieces cut off the sharp angles between the floor and ceiling. Knight. Ash¶larÏing, Ash¶lerÏing, } n. 1. The act of bedding ashlar in mortar. 2. Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve merely as a case to the body of the wall. Brande & C. 3. (Carp.) The short upright pieces between the floor beams and rafters in garrets. See Ashlar, 2. AÏshore¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + shore.] On shore or on land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land; aground (when applied to a ship); Ð sometimes opposed to aboard or afloat. Here shall I die ashore. Shak. I must fetch his necessaries ashore. Shak. Ash¶toÏreth (?), n.; pl. Ashtaroth (?). The principal female divinity of the Ph?nicians, as Baal was the principal male divinity. W. Smith. Ash· Wednes¶day (?). The first day of Lent; Ð so called from a custom in the Roman Catholic church of putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of penitents. Ash¶weed· (?), n. (Bot.) [A corruption of acheÐweed; F. ache. So named from the likeness of its leaves to those of ache (celery).] Goutweed. Ash¶y (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or composed of, ?shes; filled, or strewed with, ashes. 2. AshÐcolored; whitish gray; deadly pale. Shak. ÷ pale, pale as ~. Shak. A¶sian (?), a. [L. Asianus, Gr. ?, fr. ?, L. Asia.] Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. ½Asian princes.¸ Jer. Taylor. Ð n. An Asiatic. A¶siÏarch (?), n. [L. Asiarcha, Gr. ?; ? + ? ruler.] One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites. Milner. A·siÏat¶ic (?), a. [L. Asiaticus, Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants. Ð n. A native, or one of the people, of Asia. A·siÏat¶iÏcism (?), n. Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics. AÏside¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + side.] 1. On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart. Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2 Kings iv. 4. But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king. Shak. The flames were blown aside. Dryden. 2. Out of one's thoughts; off; away; as, to put aside gloomy thoughts. ½Lay aside every weight.¸ Heb. xii. 1. 3. So as to be heard by others; privately. Then lords and ladies spake aside. Sir W. Scott. To set ~ (Law), to annul or defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority; as, to set aside a verdict or a judgment. AÏside¶, n. Something spoken ~; as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players are not supposed to hear. Ø AÏsi¶lus (?), n. [L., a gadfly.] (Zo”l.) A genus of large and voracious twoÐwinged flies, including the bee killer and robber fly. As·Ïne¶go, As·siÏne¶go (?), n. [Sp. asnico, dim. of asno an ass.] A stupid fellow. [Obs.] Shak. As¶iÏnine (?), a. [L. asininus, fr. asinus ass. See Ass.] Of or belonging to, or having the qualities of, the ass, as stupidity and obstinacy. ½Asinine nature.¸ B. Jonson. ½Asinine feast.¸ Milton. As·iÏnin¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being asinine; stupidity combined with obstinacy. AÏsi¶phonÏate (?), a. (Zo”l.) Destitute of a siphon or breathing tube; Ð said of many bivalve shells. Ð n. An ~ mollusk. Ø As·iÏpho¶neÏa (?), Ø AÏsi·phoÏna¶ta (?), Ø As·iÏphon¶iÏda (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a tube.] (Zo”l.) A group of bivalve mollusks destitute of siphons, as the oyster; the asiphonate mollusks. Ø AÏsi¶tiÏa (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? food.] (Med.) Want of appetite; loathing of food. Ask (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Asking.] [OE. asken, ashen, axien, AS. ¾scian, ¾csian; akin to OS. ?sc?n, OHG. eisc?n, Sw. ¾ska, Dan. ‘ske, D. eischen, G. heischen, Lith. j‰sk¢ti, OSlav. iskati to seek, Skr. ish to desire. ?.] 1. To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; Ð often with of, in the sense of from, before the person addressed. Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God. Judg. xviii. 5. If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you. John xv. 7. 2. To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by way of remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as, what price do you ask? Ask me never so much dowry. Gen. xxxiv. 12. To whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more. Luke xii. 48. An exigence of state asks a much longer time to conduct a design to maturity. Addison. 3. To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to put a question to or about; to question. He is of age; ask him: he shall speak for himself. John ix. 21. He asked the way to Chester. Shak. 4. To invite; as, to ask one to an entertainment. 5. To publish in church for marriage; Ð said of both the banns and the persons. Fuller. Syn. - To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat; beseech; implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit; inquire; interrogate. See Beg. Ask, v. i. 1. To request or petition; Ð usually folllowed by for; as, to ask for bread. Ask, and it shall be given you. Matt. vii. 7. 2. To make inquiry, or seek by request; Ð sometimes followed by after. Wherefore... dost ask after my name? Gen. xxxii. 29. Ask (?), n. [See 2d Asker.] (Zo”l.) A water newt. [Scot. & North of Eng.] AÏskance¶ (?), AÏskant¶ (?), } adv. [Cf. D. schuin, schuins, sideways, schuiven to shove, schuinte slope. Cf. Asquint.] Sideways; obliquely; with a side glance; with disdain, envy, or suspicion. They dart away; they wheel askance. Beattie. My palfrey eyed them askance. Landor. Both... were viewed askance by authority. Gladstone. AÏskance¶ , v. t. To turn aside. [Poet.] O, how are they wrapped in with infamies That from their own misdeeds askance their eyes! Shak. Ask¶er , n. One who asks; a petitioner; an inquirer. Shak. Ask¶er, n. [A corruption of AS. a?exe lizard, newt.] (Zo”l.) An ask; a water newt. [Local Eng.] AÏskew¶ , adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + skew.] Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or obliquely; Ð sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or entry. Spenser. Ask¶ing , n. 1. The act of inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation. Longfellow. 2. The publishing of banns.

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AÏslake¶ (?), v. t. & i. [AS. ¾slacian, slacian, to slacken. Cf. Slake.] To mitigate; to moderate; to appease; to abate; to diminish. [Archaic] Chaucer. AÏslant¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + slant.] Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely. [The shaft] drove through his neck aslant. Dryden. AÏslant¶, prep. In a slanting direction over; athwart. There is a willow grows aslant a brook. Shak. AÏsleep¶ , a. & adv. [Pref. aÏ + sleep.] 1. In a state of sleep; in sleep; dormant. Fast asleep the giant lay supine. Dryden. By whispering winds soon lulled asleep. Milton. 2. In the sleep of the grave; dead. Concerning them which are asleep... sorrow not, even as others which have no hope. 1 Thess. iv. 13. 3. Numbed, and, usually, tingling. Udall. Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it, asleep. Bacon. AÏslope¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + slope.] Slopingly; aslant; declining from an upright direction; sloping. ½Set them not upright, but aslope.¸ Bacon. AÏslug¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + slug to move slowly.] Sluggishly. [Obs.] Fotherby. AÏsmear¶ (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + smear.] Smeared over. Dickens. As·moÏne¶an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean; as, the Asmonean dynasty. [Written also Asmon‘an.] As·moÏne¶an, n. One of the ÷ family. The Asmoneans were leaders and rulers of the Jews from 168 to 35 b. c. AÏsoak¶ (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + soak.] Soaking. AÏso¶maÏtous (?), a. [L. asomatus, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? body.] Without a material body; incorporeal. Todd. As¶oÏnant (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + sonant.] Not sounding or sounded. [R.] C. C. Felton. Asp (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Aspen. ½Trembling poplar or asp.¸ Martyn. Asp (?), n. [L. aspis, fr. Gr. ?: cf. OF. aspe, F. aspic.] (Zo”l.) A small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the Naja haje. The name is also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to Vipera aspis of southern Europe. See Haje. Ø AsÏpal¶aÏthus (?), n. [L. aspalathus, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) (a) A thorny shrub yielding a fragrant oil. Ecclus. xxiv. 15. (b) A genus of plants of the natural order Leguminos‘. The species are chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope. AsÏpar¶aÏgine (?), n. [Cf. F. asparagine.] (Chem.) A white, nitrogenous, crystallizable substance, C4H8N2O3+H2O, found in many plants, and first obtained from asparagus It is believed to aid in the disposition of nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; Ð called also altheine. As·paÏrag¶iÏnous (?), a. Pertaining or allied to, or resembling, asparagus; having shoots which are eaten like asparagus; as, asparaginous vegetables. AsÏpar¶aÏgus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, ?; cf. ? to swell with sap or juice, and Zend ?paregha prong, sprout, Pers. asparag, Lith. spurgas sprout, Skr. sphurj to swell. Perh. the Greek borrowed from the Persian. Cf. Sparrowgrass.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order Liliace‘, and having erect much branched stems, and very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves. Asparagus racemosus is a shrubby climbing plant with fragrant flowers. Specifically: The Asparagus officinalis, a species cultivated in gardens. 2. The young and tender shoots of A. officinalis, which form a valuable and wellÐknown article of food. µ This word was formerly pronounced sparrowgrass; but this pronunciation is now confined exclusively to uneducated people. ÷ beetle (Zo”l.), a small beetle (Crioceris asparagi) injurious to ~. AsÏpar¶tic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived, asparagine; as, aspartic acid. As¶pect (?), n. [L. aspectus, fr. aspicere, aspectum, to look at; ad + spicere, specere, to look, akin to E. spy.] 1. The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance. [R.] ½The basilisk killeth by aspect.¸ Bacon. His aspect was bent on the ground. Sir W. Scott. 2. Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien; air. ½Serious in aspect.¸ Dryden. [Craggs] with aspect open shall erect his head. Pope. 3. Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view. ½The aspect of affairs.¸ Macaulay. The true aspect of a world lying in its rubbish. T. Burnet. 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass; as, a house has a southern aspect, that is, a position which faces the south. 5. Prospect; outlook. [Obs.] This town affords a good aspect toward the hill from whence we descended. Evelyn. 6. (Astrol.) The situation of planets or stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the earth. Milton. µ The aspects which two planets can assume are five; sextile, ?, when the planets are 600 apart; quartile, or quadrate, ?, when their distance is 900 or the quarter of a circle; trine, ?, when the distance is 1200; opposition, ?, when the distance is 1800, or half a circle; and conjunction, ?, when they are in the same degree. Astrology taught that the aspects of the planets exerted an influence on human affairs, in some situations for good and in others for evil. 7. (Astrol.) The influence of the stars for good or evil; as, an ill aspect. Shak. The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil aspects. Bacon. ÷ of a plane (Geom.), the direction of the plane. AsÏpect¶ (?), v. t. [L. aspectare, v. intens. of aspicere. See Aspect, n.] To behold; to look at. [Obs.] AsÏpect¶aÏble (?), a. [L. aspectabilis.] Capable of being; visible. ½The aspectable world.¸ Ray. ½Aspectable stars.¸ Mr. Browning. AsÏpect¶ant (?), a. (Her.) Facing each other. AsÏpect¶ed, a. Having an aspect. [Obs.] B. Jonson. AsÏpec¶tion (?), n. [L. aspectio, fr. aspicere to look at.] The act of viewing; a look. [Obs.] Asp¶en (?), Asp (?), } n. [AS. ‘sp, ‘ps; akin to OHG. aspa, Icel. ”sp, Dan. ‘sp, Sw. asp, D. esp, G. espe, „spe, aspe; cf. Lettish apsa, Lith. apuszis.] (Bot.) One of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the Populus tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air. Asp¶en (?), a. Of or pertaining to the ~, or resembling it; made of ~ wood. Nor aspen leaves confess the gentlest breeze. Gay. As¶per (?), a. [OE. aspre, OF. aspre, F. ƒpre, fr. L. asper rough.] Rough; rugged; harsh; bitter; stern; fierce. [Archaic] ½An asper sound.¸ Bacon. Ø As¶per (?), n. [L. spiritus asper rough breathing.] (Greek Gram.) The rough breathing; a mark (?) placed over an initial vowel sound or over ? to show that it is aspirated, that is, pronounced with h before it; thus ?, pronounced h?s, ?, pronounced hr¾¶t?r. Ø As¶per, n. [F. aspre or It. aspro, fr. MGr. ?, ?, white (prob. from the whiteness of new silver coins).] A Turkish money of account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a piaster. As¶perÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asperated; p. pr. & vb. n. Asperating.] [L. asperatus, p. p. of asperare, fr. asper rough.] To make rough or uneven. The asperated part of its surface. Boyle. As·perÏa¶tion (?), n. The act of asperating; a making or becoming rough. Bailey. Ø AsÏper¶ges (?), n. [L., Thou shalt sprinkle.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) The service or ceremony of sprinkling with holy water. (b) The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy water; an aspergill. As¶perÏgill (?), Ø As·perÏgil¶lum (?), } n. [LL. aspergillum, fr. L. aspergere. See Asperse, v. t. 1. The brush used in the Roman Catholic church for sprinkling holy water on the people. [Also written aspergillus.] 2. (Zo”l.) See Wateringpot shell. As·perÏgil¶liÏform (?), a. [Aspergillum + Ïform.] (Bot.) Resembling the aspergillum in form; as, an aspergilliform stigma. Gray. As·perÏiÏfo¶liÏate (?), As·perÏiÏfo¶liÏous (?), } a. [L. asper rough + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having rough leaves. µ By some applied to the natural order now called Boraginace‘ or borageworts. AsÏper¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Asperities (?). [L. asperitas, fr. asper rough: cf. F. asp‚rit‚.] 1. Roughness of surface; unevenness; Ð opposed to smoothness. ½The asperities of dry bodies.¸ Boyle. 2. Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality which grates upon the ear; raucity. 3. Roughness to the taste; sourness; tartness. 4. Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity; crabbedness; harshness; Ð opposed to mildness. ½Asperity of character.¸ Landor. It is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson. 5. Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty. The acclivities and asperities of duty. Barrow. Syn. - Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness; sourness; tartness. See Acrimony. AÏsper¶maÏtous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, seed.] (Bot.) Aspermous. AÏsper¶mous , a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? seed.] (Bot.) Destitute of seeds; aspermatous. AÏsperne¶ (?), v. t. [L. aspernari; a (ab) + spernari.] To spurn; to despise. [Obs.] Sir T. More. As¶perÏous (?), a. [See Asper, a.] Rough; uneven. Boyle. AsÏperse¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aspersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Aspersing.] [L. aspersus, p. p. of aspergere to scatter, sprinkle; ad + spargere to strew. See Sparse.] 1. To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or to besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust. Heywood. 2. To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation or good name; to slander or calumniate; as, to asperse a poet or his writings; to asperse a man's character. With blackest crimes aspersed. Cowper. Syn. - To slander; defame; detract from; calumniate; vilify. Ð To Asperse, Defame, Slander, Calumniate. These words have in common the idea of falsely assailing the character of another. To asperse is figuratively to cast upon a character hitherto unsullied the imputation of blemishes or faults which render it offensive or loathsome. To defame is to detract from a man's honor and reputation by charges calculated to load him with infamy. Slander (etymologically the same as scandal) and calumniate, from the Latin, have in common the sense of circulating reports to a man's injury from unworthy or malicious motives. Men asperse their neighbors by malignant insinuations; they defame by advancing charges to blacken or sully their fair fame; they slander or calumniate by spreading injurious reports which are false, or by magnifying slight faults into serious errors or crimes. AsÏpersed¶ (?), a. 1. (Her.) Having an indefinite number of small charges scattered or strewed over the surface. Cussans. 2. Bespattered; slandered; calumniated. Motley. AsÏpers¶er (?), n. One who asperses; especially, one who vilifies another. AsÏper¶sion (?), n. [L. aspersio, fr. aspergere: cf. F. aspersion.] 1. A sprinkling, as with water or dust, in a literal sense. Behold an immersion, not and aspersion. Jer. Taylor. 2. The spreading of calumniations reports or charges which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body with foul water; calumny. Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale aspersions on the entire body of professional teachers. Grote. Who would by base aspersions blot thy virtue. Dryden. AsÏpers¶ive (?), a. Tending to asperse; defamatory; slanderous. Ð AsÏpers¶iveÏly, adv. Ø As·per·soir¶ (?), n. [F.] An aspergill. Ø As·perÏso¶riÏum (?), n.; pl. Aspersoria (?). [LL. See Asperse.] 1. The stoup, basin, or other vessel for holy water in Roman Catholic churches. 2. A brush for sprinkling holy water; an aspergill. As¶phalt (?), AsÏphal¶tum (?), } n. [Gr. ?, of eastern origin: cf. F. asphalte.] 1. Mineral pitch, Jews' pitch, or compact native bitumen. It is brittle, of a black or brown color and high luster on a surface of fracture; it melts and burns when heated, leaving no residue. It occurs on the surface and shores of the Dead Sea, which is therefore called Asphaltites, or the Asphaltic Lake. It is found also in many parts of Asia, Europe, and America. See Bitumen. 2. A composition of bitumen, pitch, lime, and gravel, used for forming pavements, and as a waterÐproof cement for bridges, roofs, etc.; asphaltic cement. Artificial asphalt is prepared from coal tar, lime, sand, etc. Asphalt stone, Asphalt rock, a limestone found impregnated with asphalt. As¶phalt, v. t. To cover with ~; as, to asphalt a roof; asphalted streets. Ø As·phalte¶ (?), n. [F. See Asphalt.] Asphaltic mastic or cement. See Asphalt, 2. AsÏphal¶tic (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing, asphalt; bituminous. ½Asphaltic pool.¸ ½Asphaltic slime.¸ Milton. AsÏphal¶tite (?), a. Asphaltic. AsÏphal¶tite (?), a. Asphaltic. Bryant. Ø AsÏphal¶tus , n. See Asphalt. As¶phoÏdel (?), n. [L. asphodelus, Gr. ?. See Daffodil.] (Bot.) A general name for a plant of the genus Asphodelus. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants, several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. µ The name is also popularly given to species of other genera. The asphodel of the early English and French poets was the daffodil. The asphodel of the Greek poets is supposed to be the Narcissus poeticus. Dr. Prior. Pansies, and violets, and asphodel. Milton. AsÏphyc¶tic (?), a. Pertaining to asphyxia. Ø AsÏphyx¶iÏa (?), AsÏphyx¶y (?), } n. [NL. asphyxia, fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to throb, beat.] (Med.) Apparent death, or suspended animation; the condition which results from interruption of respiration, as in suffocation or drowning, or the inhalation of irrespirable gases. AsÏphyx¶iÏal (?), a. Of or relating to asphyxia; as, asphyxial phenomena. AsÏphyx¶iÏate (?), v. t. To bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate. [Used commonly in the past pple.] AsÏphyx¶iÏa·ted (?), AsÏphyx¶ied (?), p. p. In a state of asphyxia; suffocated. AsÏphyx·iÏa¶tion (?), n. The act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia. As¶pic (?), n. [F. See Asp.] 1. The venomous asp. [Chiefly poetic] Shak. Tennyson. 2. A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound shot. [Obs.] As¶pic, n. [F., a corrupt. of spic (OF. espi, F. ‚pi), L. spica (spicum, spicus), ear, spike. See Spike.] A European species of lavender (Lavandula spica), which produces a volatile oil. See Spike. As¶pic, n. [F., prob. fr. aspic an asp.] A savory meat jelly containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs, etc. Thackeray. Ø As·piÏdoÏbran¶chiÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, shield + ? gills.] (Zo”l.) A group of Gastropoda, with limpetlike shells, including the abalone shells and keyhole limpets. AsÏpir¶ant (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. aspirant, p. pr. of aspirer. See Aspire.] Aspiring. AsÏpir¶ant, n. [Cf. F. aspirant.] One who aspires; one who eagerly seeks some high position or object of attainment. In consequence of the resignations... the way to greatness was left clear to a new set of aspirants. Macaulay. As¶piÏrate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aspirated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Aspirating (?).] [L. aspiratus, p. p. of aspirare to breathe toward or upon, to add the breathing h; ad + spirare to breathe, blow. Cf. Aspire.] To [pronounce with a breathing, an ~, or an h sound; as, we aspirate the words horse and house; to aspirate a vowel or a liquid consonant. As¶piÏrate (?), n. 1. A sound consisting of, or characterized by, a breath like the sound of h; the breathing h or a character representing such a sound; an aspirated sound.

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2. A mark of aspiration (?) used in Greek; the asper, or rough breathing. Bentley. 3. An elementary sound produced by the breath alone; a surd, or nonvocal consonant; as, f, th in thin, etc. As¶piÏrate (?), As¶piÏra¶ted (?), } a. [L. aspiratus, p. p.] Pronounced with the h sound or with audible breath. But yet they are not aspirate, i. e., with such an aspiration as h. Holder. As·piÏra¶tion (?), n. [L. aspiratio, fr. aspirare: cf. F. aspiration.] 1. The act of aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full or strong emission of breath; an aspirated sound. If aspiration be defined to be an impetus of breathing. Wilkins. 2. The act of breathing; a breath; an inspiration. 3. The act of aspiring of a ardently desiring; strong wish; high desire. ½Aspirations after virtue.¸ Johnson. Vague aspiration after military renown. Prescott. As¶piÏra·tor (?), n. 1. (Chem.) An apparatus for passing air or gases through or over certain liquids or solids, or for exhausting a closed vessel, by means of suction. 2. (Med.) An instrument for the evacuation of the fluid contents of tumors or collections of blood. AsÏpir¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. Of or pertaining to breathing; suited to the inhaling of air AsÏpire¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aspired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Aspiring.] [F. aspirer, L. aspirare. See Aspirate, v. t.] 1. To desire with eagerness; to seek to attain something high or great; to pant; to long; Ð followed by to or after, and rarely by at; as, to aspire to a crown; to aspire after immorality. Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell; Aspiring to be angels, men rebel. Pope. 2. To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar. My own breath still foments the fire, Which flames as high as fancy can aspire. Waller. AsÏpire¶, v. t. To ~ to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to. [Obs.] That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak. AsÏpire¶, n. Aspiration. [Obs.] Chapman. AsÏpire¶ment (?), n. Aspiration. [Obs.] AsÏpir¶er (?), n. One who aspires. AsÏpir¶ing, a. That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind. Ð AsÏpir¶ingÏly, adv. Ð AsÏpir¶ingÏness, n. Asp¶ish (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, an asp. As·porÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. asportatio, fr. asportare to carry away; abs = ab + portare to bear, carry.] (Law) The felonious removal of goods from the place where they were deposited. µ It is adjudged to be larceny, though the goods are not carried from the house or apartment. Blackstone. AÏsprawl¶ (?), adv. & a. Sprawling. AÏsquat¶ (?), adv. & a. Squatting. AÏsquint¶ (?), adv. [Cf. Askant, Squint.] With the eye directed to one side; not in the straight line of vision; obliquely; awry, so as to see distortedly; as, to look asquint. Ass (?), n. [OE. asse, AS. assa; akin to Icel. asni, W. asen, asyn, L. asinus, dim. aselus, Gr. ?; also to AS. esol, OHG. esil, G. esel, Goth. asilus, Dan. ‘sel, Lith. asilas, Bohem. osel, Pol. osiel. The word is prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. ath?n she ~. Cf. Ease.] 1. (Zo”l.) A quadruped of the genus Equus (E. asinus), smaller than the horse, and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or domestic ~ is patient, slow, and sureÐfooted, and has become the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of wild asses which are swiftÐfooted. 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt. Shak. Asses' Bridge. [L. pons asinorum.] The fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid, ½The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal to one another.¸ [Sportive] ½A schoolboy, stammering out his Asses' Bridge.¸ F. Harrison. Ð To make an ~ of one's self, to do or say something very foolish or absurd. As·saÏf?t¶iÏda (?), n. Same as Asafetida. As¶saÏgai (?), As¶seÏgai (?), n. [Pg. azagaia, Sp. azagaya, fr. a Berber word. Cf. Lancegay.] A spear used by tribes in South Africa as a missile and for stabbing, a kind of light javelin. Ø AsÏsa¶i (?). [It., fr. L. ad + satis enough. See Assets.] (Mus.) A direction equiv?lent to very; as, adagio assai, very slow. AsÏsail¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assailing.] [OE. assailen, asailen, OF. asaillir, assailler, F. assaillir; ? (L. ad) + saillir to burst out, project, fr. L. salire to leap, spring; cf. L. assilire to leap or spring upon. See Sally.] 1. To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to assault; to molest; as, to assail ? man with blows; to assail a city with artillery. No rude noise mine ears assailing. Cowper. No storm can now assail The charm he wears within. Keble. 2. To encounter or meet purposely with the v??? of ??stering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like. The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce assail. Pope. 3. To attack morally, or with a view to produce ?anges in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.; as, to assail one with appeals, arguments, abuse, ridicule, and the like. The papal authority... assailed. Hallam. They assailed him with keen invective; they assailed him with still keener irony.

Macaulay. Syn. - To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon. See Attack. AsÏsail¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being assailed. AsÏsail¶ant (?), a. [F. assaillant, p. pr. of assaillir.] Assailing; attacking. Milton. AsÏsail¶ant, n. [F. assaillant.] One who, or that which, assails, attacks, or assaults; an assailer. An assailant of the church. Macaulay. AsÏsail¶er (?), n. One who assails. AsÏsail¶ment (?), n. The act or power of assailing; attack; assault. [R.] His most frequent assailment was the headache. Johnson. As¶saÏmar (?), n. [L. assare to roast + amarus, bitter.] (Chem.) The peculiar bitter substance, soft or liquid, and of a yellow color, produced when meat, bread, gum, sugar, starch, and the like, are roasted till they turn brown. As·samÏese¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to its inhabitants. Ð n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Assam. Ø As·saÏpan¶ (?), Ø As·saÏpan¶ic (?), n. [Prob. Indian name.] (Zo”l.) The American flying squirrel (Pteromys volucella). AsÏsart¶ , n. [OF. essart the grubbing up of trees, fr. essarter to grub up or clear ground of bushes, shrubs, trees, etc., fr. LL. exartum, exartare, for exsaritare; L. ex + sarire, sarrire, saritum, to hoe, weed.] 1. (Old Law) The act or offense of grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus destroying the tickets or coverts of a forest. Spelman. Cowell. 2. A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and fitted for cultivation; a clearing. Ash. ÷ land, forest land cleared of woods and brush. AsÏsart¶, v. t. To grub up, as trees; to commit an ~ upon; as, to assart land or trees. Ashmole. AsÏsas¶sin (?), n. [F. (cf. It. assassino), fr. Ar. ?hashishin one who has drunk of the hashish. Under its influence the Assassins of the East, followers of the Shaikh alÐJabal (Old Man of the Mountain), were said to commit the murders required by their chief.] One who kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault; one who treacherously murders any one unprepared for defense. AsÏsas¶sin, v. t. To assassinate. [Obs.] Stillingfleet. AsÏsas¶sinÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assassinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assassinating (?).] [LL. assassinatus, p. p. of assassinare.] 1. To kill by surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous violence. Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am ravished, and like to be assassinated. Dryden. 2. To assail with murderous intent; hence, by extended meaning, to maltreat exceedingly. [Archaic] Your rhymes assassinate our fame. Dryden. Such usage as your honorable lords Afford me, assassinated and betrayed. Milton. Syn. - To kill; murder; slay. See Kill. AsÏsas¶sinÏate (?), n. [F. assassinat.] 1. An assassination, murder, or murderous assault. [Obs.] If i had made an assassinate upon your father. B. Jonson. 2. An assassin. [Obs.] Dryden. AsÏsas·siÏna¶tion (?), n. The act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence. AsÏsas¶siÏna·tor (?), n. An assassin. AsÏsas¶sinÏous (?), a. Murderous. Milton. AsÏsas¶tion (?), n. [F., fr. LL. assatio, fr. L. assare to roast.] Roasting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AsÏsault¶ (?), n. [OE. asaut, assaut, OF. assaut, asalt, F. assaut, LL. assaltus; L. ad + saltus a leaping, a springing, salire to leap. See Assail.] 1. A violent onset or attack with physical means, as blows, weapons, etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an attacking force; onset; as, to make assault upon a man, a house, or a town. The Spanish general prepared to renew the assault. Prescott. Unshaken bears the assault Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest. Wordsworth. 2. A violent onset or attack with moral weapons, as words, arguments, appeals, and the like; as, to make an assault on the prerogatives of a prince, or on the constitution of a government. Clarendon. 3. (Law) An apparently violent attempt, or ? offer with force or violence, to do hurt to another; an attempt or offer to beat another, accompanied by a degree of violence, but without touching his person, as by lifting the fist, or a cane, in a threatening manner, or by striking at him, and missing him. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a battery. Blackstone. Wharton. Practically, however, the word assault is used to include the battery. Mozley & W. Syn. - Attack; invasion; incursion; descent; onset; onslaught; charge; storm. AsÏsault¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assaulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assaulting.] From Assault, n.: cf. OF. assaulter, LL. assaltare.] 1. To make an ~ upon, as by a sudden rush of armed men; to attack with unlawful or insulting physical violence or menaces. Insnared, assaulted, overcome, led bound. Milton. 2. To attack with moral means, or with a view of producing moral effects; to attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures; to assail; as, to assault a reputation or an administration. Before the gates, the cries of babes newborn,... Assault his ears. Dryden. µ In the latter sense, assail is more common. Syn. - To attack; assail; invade; encounter; storm; charge. See Attack. AsÏsaut¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being assaulted. AsÏsault¶er (?), n. One who assaults, or violently attacks; an assailant. E. Hall. AsÏsay¶ (?), n. [OF. asai, essai, trial, F. essa. See Essay, n.] 1. Trial; attempt; essay. [Obs.] Chaucer. I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the assay than it now seems at distance. Milton. 2. Examination and determination; test; as, an assay of bread or wine. [Obs.] This can not be, by no assay of reason. Shak. 3. Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried. [Obs.] Through many hard assays which did betide. Spenser. 4. Tested purity or value. [Obs.] With gold and pearl of rich assay. Spenser. 5. (Metallurgy) The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin. 6. The alloy or metal to be assayed. Ure. [Assay and essay are radically the same word; but modern usage has appropriated assay chiefly to experiments in metallurgy, and essay to intellectual and bodily efforts. See Essay.] µ Assay is used adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, assay balance, assay furnace. ÷ master, an officer who assays or tests gold or silver coin or bullion. Ð ÷ ton, a weight of 29.166% grams. AsÏsay¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assaying.] [OF. asaier, essaier, F. essayer, fr. essai. See Assay, n., Essay, v.] 1. To try; to attempt; to apply. [Obs. or Archaic] ToÐnight let us assay our plot. Shak. Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed. Milton. 2. To affect. [Obs.] When the heart is ill assayed. Spenser. 3. To try tasting, as food or drink. [Obs.] 4. To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound, to chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to determine the amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to ascertain its composition. AsÏsay¶, v. i. To attempt, try, or endeavor. [Archaic. In this sense essay is now commonly used.] She thrice assayed to speak. Dryden. AsÏsay¶aÏble (?), a. That may be assayed. AsÏsay¶er , n. One who assays. Specifically: One who examines metallic ores or compounds, for the purpose of determining the amount of any particular metal in the same, especially of gold or silver. AsÏsay¶ing, n. The act or process of testing, esp. of analyzing or examining metals and ores, to determine the proportion of pure metal. Ø Asse (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small foxlike animal (Vulpes cama) of South Africa, valued for its fur. As·seÏcuÏra¶tion (?), n. [LL. assecuratio, fr. assecurare.] Assurance; certainty. [Obs.] As·seÏcure¶ (?), v. t. [LL. assecurare.] To make sure or safe; to assure. [Obs.] Hooker. As·seÏcu¶tion (?), n. [F. ass‚cution, fr. L. assequi to obtain; ad + sequi to follow.] An obtaining or acquiring. [Obs.] Ayliffe. As¶seÏgai (?), n. Same as Assagai. AsÏsem¶blage , n. [Cf. F. assemblage. See Assemble.] 1. The act of assembling, or the state o? being; association. In sweet assemblage every blooming grace. Fen???. 2. A collection of individuals, or of individuals, or of particular things; as, a political assemblage; an assemblage of ideas. Syn. - Company; group; collection; concourse; gathering; meeting; convention. Assemblage, Assembly. An assembly consists only of persons; an assemblage may be composed of things as well as persons, as, an assemblage of incoherent objects. Nor is every assemblage of persons an assembly; since the latter term denotes a body who have met, and are acting, in concert for some common end, such as to hear, to deliberate, to unite in music, dancing, etc. An assemblage of skaters on a lake, or of horse jockeys at a race course, is not an assembly, but might be turned into one by collecting into a body with a view to discuss and decide as to some object of common interest. AsÏsem¶blance , n. [Cf. OF. assemblance.] 1. Resemblance; likeness; appearance. [Obs.] Care I for the... stature, bulk, and big assemblance of a man ? Give me the spirit. Shak. 2. An assembling; assemblage. [Obs.] To weete [know] the cause of their assemblance. Spenser. AsÏsem¶ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assembled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assembling (?).] [F. assembler, fr. LL. assimulare to bring together to collect; L. ad + simul together; akin to similis like, Gr. ? at the same time, and E. same. Cf. Assimilate, Same.] To collect into one place or body; to bring or call together; to convene; to congregate. Thither he assembled all his train. Milton. All the men of Israel assembled themselves. 1 Kings viii. 2. AsÏsem¶ble, v. i. To meet or come together, as a number of individuals; to convene; to congregate. Dryden.

The Parliament assembled in November. W. Massey. AsÏsem¶ble, v. i. To liken; to compare. [Obs.] Bribes may be assembled to pitch. Latimer. AsÏsem¶bler (?), n. One who assembles a number of individuals; also, one of a number assembled. AsÏsem¶bly (?), n.; pl. Assemblies (?). [F. assembl‚e, fr. assembler. See Assemble.] 1. A company of persons collected together in one place, and usually for some common purpose, esp. for deliberation and legislation, for worship, or for social entertainment. 2. A collection of inanimate objects. [Obs.] Howell. 3. (Mil.) A beat of the drum or sound of the bugle as a signal to troops to assemble. µ In some of the United States, the legislature, or the popular branch of it, is called the Assembly, or the General Assembly. In the Presbyterian Church, the General Assembly is the highest ecclesiastical tribunal, composed of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery; as, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, or of Scotland.

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Assembly room, a room in which persons assemble, especially for dancing. Ð Unlawful assembly (Law), a meeting of three or more persons on a common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable apprehension that they will disturb the peace tumultuously. Ð Westminster Assembly, a convocation, consisting chiefly of divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July 1, 1643, and remained in session some years. It framed the ½Confession of Faith,¸ the ½Larger Catechism,¸ and the ½Shorter Catechism,¸ which are still received as authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially accepted by Congregationalists. Syn. - See Assemblage. AsÏsem¶blyÏman (?), n.; pl. Assemblymen (?). A member of an assembly, especially of the lower branch of a state legislature. AsÏsent¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assented; p. pr. & vb. n. Assenting.] [ F. assentir, L. assentire, assentiri; ad + sentire to feel, think. See Sense.] To admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement, acquiescence, concurrence, or concession. Who informed the governor... And the Jews also assented, saying that these things were so. Acts xxiv. 9. The princess assented to all that was suggested. Macaulay. Syn. - To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur. AsÏsent¶ (?), n. [OE. assent, fr. assentir. See Assent, v.] The act of assenting; the act of the mind in admitting or agreeing to anything; concurrence with approval; consent; agreement; acquiescence. Faith is the assent to any proposition, on the credit of the proposer. Locke. The assent, if not the approbation, of the prince. Prescott. Too many people read this ribaldry with assent and admiration. Macaulay. Royal ~, in England, the ~ of the sovereign to a bill which has passed both houses of Parliament, after which it becomes law. Syn. - Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord. Ð Assent, Consent. Assent is an act of the understanding, consent of the will or feelings. We assent to the views of others when our minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true, right, or admissible. We consent when there is such a concurrence of our will with their desires and wishes that we decide to comply with their requests. The king of England gives his assent, not his consent, to acts of Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is not governed by personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate, judgment as to the common good. We also use assent in cases where a proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A lady may assent to a gentleman's opening the window; but if he offers himself in marriage, he must wait for her consent. As·senÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. assentatio. See Assent, v.] Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or pretended concurrence. Abject flattery and indiscriminate assentation degrade as much as indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate disgust. Ld. Chesterfield. As·senÏta¶tor , n. [L., fr. assentari to assent constantly.] An obsequious; a flatterer. [R.] AsÏsent¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. Flattering; obsequious. [Obs.] Ð AsÏsent¶aÏtoÏriÏly, adv. [Obs.] AsÏsent¶er (?), n. One who assents. AsÏsen¶tient , a. Assenting. AsÏsent¶ing (?), a. Giving or implying assent. Ð AsÏsent¶ingÏly, adv. AsÏsent¶ive (?), a. Giving assent; of the nature of assent; complying. Ð AsÏsent¶iveÏness, n. AsÏsent¶ment , n. Assent; agreement. [Obs.] AsÏsert¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Asserting.] [L. assertus, p. p. of asserere to join or fasten to one's self, claim, maintain; ad + serere to join or bind together. See Series.] 1. To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate. Nothing is more shameful... than to assert anything to be done without a cause. Ray. 2. To maintain; to defend. [Obs. or Archaic] That... I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of God to men. Milton. I will assert it from the scandal. Jer. Taylor. 3. To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; as, to assert our rights and liberties. To ~ one's self, to claim or vindicate one's rights or position; to demand recognition. Syn. - To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest; pronounce; declare; vindicate. Ð To Assert, Affirm, Maintain, Vindicate. To assert is to fasten to one's self, and hence to claim. It is, therefore, adversative in its nature. We assert our rights and privileges, or the cause of tree institutions, as against opposition or denial. To affirm is to declare as true. We assert boldly; we affirm positively. To maintain is to uphold, and insist upon with earnestness, whatever we have once asserted; as, to maintain one's cause, to maintain an argument, to maintain the ground we have taken. To vindicate is to use language and measures of the strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those for whom we act. We maintain our assertions by adducing proofs, facts, or arguments; we are ready to vindicate our rights or interests by the utmost exertion of our powers. AsÏsert¶er (?), n. One who asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor. The inflexible asserter of the rights of the church. Milman. AsÏser¶tion (?), n. [L. assertio, fr. asserere.] 1. The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position advanced. There is a difference between assertion and demonstration. Macaulay. 2. Maintenance; vindication; as, the assertion of one's rights or prerogatives. AsÏsert¶ive (?), a. Positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory. In a confident and assertive form. Glanvill. Ð AsÏsert¶iveÏly, adv. Ð AsÏsert¶iveÏness, n. AsÏsert¶or (?), n. [L., fr. asserere.] One who asserts or avers; one who maintains or vindicates a claim or a right; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator; a defender; an asserter. The assertors of liberty said not a word. Macaulay. Faithful assertor of thy country's cause. Prior. As·serÏto¶riÏal (?), a. Asserting that a thing is; Ð opposed to problematical and apodeictical. AsÏsert¶oÏry (?), a. [L. assertorius, fr. asserere.] Affirming; maintaining. Arguments... assertory, not probatory. Jer. Taylor. An assertory, not a promissory, declaration. Bentham. A proposition is assertory, when it enounces what is known as actual. Sir W. Hamilton. AsÏsess¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assessing.] [OF. assesser to regulate, settle, LL. assessare to value for taxation, fr. L. assidere, supine as if assessum, to sit by, esp. of judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf. Assize, v., Cess.] 1. To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for the purpose of taxation. 2. To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a community, or an estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to impose a tax upon (a person, an estate, or an income) according to a rate or apportionment. 3. To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a person, community, estate, or income); to tax; as, the club assessed each member twentyÐfive cents. 4. To fix or determine the rate or amount of. This sum is assessed and raised upon individuals by commissioners in the act. Blackstone. AsÏsess¶aÏble (?), a. Liable to be assessed or taxed; as, assessable property. As·sessÏee¶ (?), n. One who is assessed. AsÏses¶sion (?), n. [L. assessio, fr. assid?re to sit by or near; ad + sed?re to sit. See Sit.] A sitting beside or near. AsÏsess¶ment (?), n. [LL. assessamentum.] 1. The act of assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid; as, an assessment of damages, or of taxes; an assessment of the members of a club. 2. A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of the proper sum to be levied on the property; as, an assessment of property or an assessment on property. µ An assessment is a valuation made by authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a sum certain or determined by law. It is a valuation of the property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of fixing the proportion which each man shall pay. Blackstone. Burrill. 3. The specific sum levied or assessed. 4. An apportionment of a subscription for stock into successive installments; also, one of these installments (in England termed a ½call¸). [U. S.] AsÏsess¶or , n. [L., one who sits beside, the assistant of a judge, fr. assid?re. See Assession. LL., one who arranges of determines the taxes, fr. assid?re. See Assess, v., and cf. Cessor.] 1. One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate with his special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal assessors, nautical assessors. Mozley & W. 2. One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or as an assistant and adviser; an associate in office. Whence to his Son, The assessor of his throne, he thus began. Milton. With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his assessors in judgment. I. Taylor. 3. One appointed to assess persons or property for the purpose of taxation. Bouvier. As·sesÏso¶riÏal (?), a. [Cf. F. assessorial, fr. L. assessor.] Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of assessors. Coxe. AsÏsess¶orÏship (?), n. The office or function of an assessor. As¶set (?), n. Any article or separable part of one's assets. As¶sets (?), n. pl. [OF. asez enough, F. assez, fr. L. ad + satis, akin to Gr. ? enough, Goth. saps full. Cf. Assai, Satisfy.] 1. (Law) (a) Property of a deceased person, subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies; Ð called assets because sufficient to render the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and legatees, so far as such goods or estate may extend. Story. Blackstone. (b) Effects of an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the payment of debts. 2. The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, a corporation, or an estate; as, the assets of a merchant or a trading association; Ð opposed to liabilities. µ In balancing accounts the assets are put on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side. AsÏsev¶er (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. asseverer, fr. L. asseverare.] See Asseverate. [Archaic] AsÏsev¶erÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asseverated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Asseverating (?).] [L. asseveratus, p. p. of asseverare to assert seriously or earnestly; ad + severus. See Severe.] To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity. Syn. - To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See Affirm. AsÏsev·erÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. asseveratio.] The act of asseverating, or that which is asseverated; positive affirmation or assertion; solemn declaration. Another abuse of the tongue I might add, Ð vehement asseverations upon slight and trivial occasions. Ray. AsÏsev¶erÏaÏtive , a. Characterized by asseveration; asserting positively. AsÏsev¶erÏaÏtoÏry , a. Asseverative. AsÏsib¶iÏlate , v. t. [L. assibilatus, p. p. of assibilare to hiss out; ad + sibilare to hiss.] To make sibilant; to change to a sibilant. J. Peile. AsÏsib·iÏla¶tion , n. Change of a nonÐsibilant letter to a sibilant, as of Ïtion to Ïshun, duke to ditch. As·siÏde¶an , n. [Heb. kh¾sad to be pious.] One of a body of devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews, and supported the Asmoneans. As¶siÏdent (?), a. [L. assidens, p. pr. of assid?re to sit by: cf. F. assident. See Assession.] (Med.) Usually attending a disease, but not always; as, assident signs, or symptoms. AsÏsid¶uÏate (?), a. [L. assiduatus, p. p. of assiduare to use assiduously.] Unremitting; assiduous. [Obs.] ½Assiduate labor.¸ Fabyan. As·siÏdu¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Assiduities (?). [L. assiduitas: cf. F. assiduite. See Assiduous.] 1. Constant or close application or attention, particularly to some business or enterprise; diligence. I have, with much pains and assiduity, qualified myself for a nomenclator. Addison. 2. Studied and persevering attention to a person; Ð usually in the plural. AsÏsid¶uÏous (?), a. [L. assiduus, fr. assid?re to sit near or close; ad + sed?re to sit. See Sit.] 1. Constant in application or attention; devoted; attentive; unremitting. She grows more assiduous in her attendance. Addison. 2. Performed with constant diligence or attention; unremitting; persistent; as, assiduous labor. To weary him with my assiduous cries. Milton. Syn. - Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied; unintermitted; persevering; laborious; indefatigable. Ð AsÏsid¶uÏousÏly, adv. Ð AsÏsid¶uÏousÏness, n. AsÏsiege¶ (?), v. t. [OE. asegen, OF. asegier, F. assi‚ger, fr. LL. assediare, assidiare, to besiege. See Siege.] [Obs.] ½Assieged castles.¸ Spenser. AsÏsiege¶, n. A siege. [Obs.] Chaucer. As·siÏen¶tist , n. [Cf. F. assientiste, Sp. asentista.] A shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to the Assiento contract. Bancroft. Ø As·siÏen¶to (?), n. [Sp. asiento seat, contract or agreement, fr. asentar to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an agreement; a (L. ad) + sentar, a participial verb; as if there were a L. sedentare to cause to sit, fr. sedens, sedentis, p. pr. of sed?re to sit.] A contract or convention between Spain and other powers for furnishing negro slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp. the contract made with Great Britain in 1713. AsÏsign¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assigning.] [OE. assignen, asignen, F. assigner, fr. L. assignare; ad + signare to mark, mark out, designate, signum mark, sign. See Sign.] 1. To appoint; to allot; to apportion; to make over. In the order I assign to them. Loudon. The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station than that in which his lot had been assigned. Southey. He assigned to his men their several posts. Prescott. 2. To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point out authoritatively or exactly; as, to assign a limit; to assign counsel for a prisoner; to assign a day for trial. All as the dwarf the way to her assigned. Spenser. It is not easy to assign a period more eventful. De Quincey. 3. (Law) To transfer, or make over to another, esp. to transfer to, and vest in, certain persons, called assignees, for the benefit of creditors. To ~ dower, to set out by metes and bounds the widow's share or portion in an estate. Kent. AsÏsign¶, n. [From Assign, v.] A thing pertaining or belonging to something else; an appurtenance. [Obs.] Six French rapiers and poniards, with their assigns, as girdles, hangers, and so. Shak. AsÏsign¶, n. [See Assignee.] (Law) A person to whom property or an interest is transferred; as, a deed to a man and his heirs and assigns. AsÏsign·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being assignable. AsÏsign¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated; as, an assignable note or bill; an assignable reason; an assignable quantity. Ø As·si·gnat¶ (?; 277), n. [F. assignat, fr. L. assignatus, p. p. of assignare.] One of the notes, bills, or bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of France (1790Ð1796), and based on the security of the lands of the church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the state. As·sigÏna¶tion (?), n. [L. assignatio, fr. assignare: cf. F. assignation.] 1. The act of assigning or allotting; apportionment. This order being taken in the senate, as touching the appointment and assignation of those provinces. Holland. 2. An appointment of time and place for meeting or interview; Ð used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly in a bad sense. While nymphs take treats, or assignations give. Pope. 3. A making over by transfer of title; assignment. House of ~, a house in which appointments for sexual intercourse are fulfilled. As·signÏee¶ , n. [F. assign‚, p. p. of assigner. See Assign, v., and cf. Assign an ~.] (Law) (a) A person to whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed by another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy some right, privilege, or property; as, an assignee of a bankrupt. See Assignment (c). An ~ may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by jaw; as an executor. Cowell. Blount. (b) pl. In England, the persons appointed, under a commission of bankruptcy, to manage the estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors.

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AsÏsign¶er (?), n. One who assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions. AsÏsign¶ment (?), n. [LL. assignamentum: cf. OF. assenement.] 1. An allotting or an appointment to a particular person or use; or for a particular time, as of a cause or causes in court. 2. (Law) (a) A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond, note, or bill of exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular estate or interest in lands. (b) The writing by which an interest is transferred. (c) The transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called assignees, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors. ÷ of dower, the setting out by metes and bounds of the widow's thirds or portion in the deceased husband's estate, and allotting it to her. µ Assignment is also used in law as convertible with specification; assignment of error in proceedings for review being specification of error; and assignment of perjury or fraud in indictment being specifications of perjury or fraud. As·signÏor¶ (?), n. [L. assignator. Cf. Assigner.] (Law) An assigner; a person who assigns or transfers an interest; as, the assignor of a debt or other chose in action. AsÏsim·iÏlaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being assimilable. [R.] Coleridge. AsÏsim¶iÏlaÏble (?), a. That may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated and incorporated. AsÏsim¶iÏlate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assimilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assimilating (?).] [L. assimilatus, p. p. of assimilare; ad + similare to make like, similis like. See Similar, Assemble, Assimilate.] 1. To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between. Sir M. Hale. To assimilate our law to the law of Scotland. John Bright. Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes Assimilate all objects. Cowper. 2. To liken; to compa?e. [R.] 3. To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as nourishment; as, food is assimilated and converted into organic tissue. Hence also animals and vegetables may assimilate their nourishment. Sir I. Newton. His mind had no power to assimilate the lessons. Merivale. AsÏsim¶iÏlate, v. i. 1. To become similar or like something else. [R.] 2. To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body. Aliment easily assimilated or turned into blood. Arbuthnot. 3. To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to become incorporated; as, some kinds of food assimilate more readily than others. I am a foreign material, and cannot assimilate with the church of England. J. H. Newman. AsÏsim·iÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. assimilatio: cf. F. assimilation.] 1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; as, the assimilation of one sound to another. To aspire to an assimilation with God. Dr. H. More. The assimilation of gases and vapors. Sir J. Herschel. 2. (Physiol.) The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or animals. Not conversing the body, not repairing it by assimilation, but preserving it by ventilation. Sir T. Browne. µ The term assimilation has been limited by some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and organs. AsÏsim¶iÏlaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. LL. assimilativus, F. assimilatif.] Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that assimilates or causes assimilation; as, an assimilative process or substance. AsÏsim¶iÏlaÏtoÏry (?), a. Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; as, assimilatory organs. AsÏsim¶uÏlate (?), v. t. [L. assimulatus, p. p. of assimulare, equiv. to assimilare. See Assimilate, v. t.] 1. To feign; to counterfeit; to simulate; to resemble. [Obs.] Blount. 2. To assimilate. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. AsÏsim·uÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. assimulatio, equiv. to assimilatio.] Assimilation. [Obs.] Bacon. As·siÏne¶go (?), n. See Asinego. Ass¶ish (?), a. Resembling an ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate. Such... appear to be of the assich kind... Udall. AsÏsist¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assisting.] [L. assistere; ad + sistere to cause to stand, to stand, from stare to stand: cf. F. assister. See Stand.] To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress; to help; to aid; to succor. Assist me, knight. I am undone! Shak. Syn. - To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve; succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See Help. AsÏsist¶, v. i. 1. To lend aid; to help. With God not parted from him, as was feared, But favoring and assisting to the end. Milton. 2. To be present as a spectator; as, to assist at a public meeting. [A Gallicism] Gibbon. Prescott. AsÏsist¶ance (?), n. [Cf. F. assistance.] 1. The act of assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support. Without the assistance of a mortal hand. Shak. 2. An assistant or helper; a body of helpers. [Obs.] Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of London, and his assistance,... John Cavendish. Fuller. 3. Persons present. [ Obs. or a Gallicism] AsÏsist¶ant (?), a. [Cf. F. assistant, p. pr. of assister.] 1. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary. Genius and learning... are mutually and greatly assistant to each other. Beattie. 2. (Mil.) Of the second grade in the staff of the army; as, an assistant surgeon. [U.S.] µ In the English army it designates the third grade in any particular branch of the staff. Farrow. AsÏsist¶ant (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means of help. Four assistants who his labor share. Pope. Rhymes merely as assistants to memory. Mrs. Chapone. 2. An attendant; one who is present. Dryden. AsÏsist¶antÏly, adv. In a manner to give aid. [R.] AsÏsist¶er , n. An assistant; a helper. AsÏsist¶ful (?), a. Helpful. AsÏsist¶ive (?), a. Lending aid, helping. AsÏsist¶less, a. Without aid or help. [R.] Pope. AsÏsist¶or (?), n. (Law) A assister. AsÏsith¶ment (?), n. See Assythment. [Obs.] AsÏsize¶ (?), n. [OE. assise, asise, OF. assise, F. assises, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by them, tax, impost, fr. assis, assise, p. p. of asseoir, fr. L. assid?re to sit by; ad + sed?re to sit. See Sit, Size, and cf. Excise, Assess.] 1. An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public business. [Obs.] 2. (Law) (a) A special kind of jury or inquest. (b) A kind of writ or real action. (c) A verdict or finding of a jury upon such writ. (d) A statute or ordinance in general. Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight, measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles sold in the market; as, the assize of bread and other provisions; (2) A statute fixing the standard of weights and measures. (e) Anything fixed or reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity, quality, weight, measure, etc.; as, rent of assize. Glanvill. Spelman. Cowell. Blackstone. Tomlins. Burrill. [This term is not now used in England in the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to the jury in criminal cases. Stephen. Burrill. Erskine.] (f) A court, the sitting or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil or criminal, by a judge and jury. Blackstone. Wharton. Encyc. Brit. (g) The periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; Ð usually in the plural. Brande. Wharton. Craig. Burrill. (h) The time or place of holding the court of ~; Ð generally in the plural, assizes. 3. Measure; dimension; size. [In this sense now corrupted into size.] An hundred cubits high by just assize. Spenser. [Formerly written, as in French, assise.] AsÏsize¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assizing.] [From Assize, n.: cf. LL. assisare to decree in ~. Cf. Asses, v.] 1. To assess; to value; to rate. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. [Obs.] AsÏsiz¶er (?), n. An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures, etc. AsÏsiz¶or (?), n. (Scots Law) A juror. AsÏso¶ber (?), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + sober. Cf. Ensober.] To make or keep sober. [Obs.] Gower. AsÏso·ciaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being associable, or capable of association; associableness. ½The associability of feelings.¸ H. Spencer. AsÏso¶ciaÏble (?), a. [See Associate.] 1.ÿCapable of being associated or joined. We know feelings to be associable only by the proved ability of one to revive another. H. Spencer. 2. Sociable; companionable. [Obs.] 3. (Med.) Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; Ð said of organs, nerves, muscles, etc. The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the animal body. Med. Rep. AsÏso¶ciaÏbleÏness, n. Associability. AsÏso¶ciÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Associated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Associating (?).] [L. associatus, p. p. of associare; ad + sociare to join or unite, socius companion. See Social.] 1. To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate; as, to associate others with ?s in business, or in an enterprise. 2. To join or connect; to combine in acting; as, particles of gold associated with other substances. 3. To connect or place together in thought. He succeeded in associating his name inseparably with some names which will last an long as our language. Macaulay. 4. To accompany; to keep company with. [Obs.] Friends should associate friends in grief and woe. Shak. AsÏso¶ciÏate, v. i. 1. To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as, congenial minds are disposed to associate. 2. To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a different part of the body. E. Darwin. AsÏso¶ciÏate (?), a. [L. associatus, p. p.] 1. Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority; as, an associate judge. While I descend... to my associate powers. Milton. 2. Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; as, an associate member. 3. (Physiol.) Connected by habit or sympathy; as, associate motions, such as occur sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions. E. Darwin. AsÏso¶ciÏate, n. 1. A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow. 2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league. 3. One connected with an association or institution without the full rights or privileges of a regular member; as, an associate of the Royal Academy. 4. Anything closely or usually connected with another; an concomitant. The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than its associate appears with it. Locke. Syn. - Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner; coadjutor; comrade; accomplice. AsÏso¶ciÏa·ted (?), a. Joined as a companion; brought into association; accompanying; combined. ÷ movements (Physiol.), consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts without our consciousness. Dunglison. AsÏso¶ciÏateÏship (?), n. The state of an associate, as in Academy or an office. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tion (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. association, LL. associatio, fr. L. associare.] 1. The act of associating, or state of being associated; union; connection, whether of persons of things. ½Some... bond of association.¸ Hooker. SelfÐdenial is a kind of holy association with God. Boyle. 2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or associated with a thing. Words... must owe their powers association. Johnson. Why should... the holiest words, with all their venerable associations, be profaned? Coleridge. 3. Union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose; as, the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent association. Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches. ÷ of ideas (Physiol.), the combination or connection of states of mind or their objects with one another, as the result of which one is said to be revived or represented by means of the other. The relations according to which they are thus connected or revived are called the law of association. Prominent among them are reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and effect. Porter. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tionÏal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to association, or to an association. 2. Pertaining to the theory held by the associationists. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tionÏism (?), n. (Philos.) The doctrine or theory held by associationists. AsÏso·ciÏa¶tionÏist, n. (Philos.) One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas; e. g., Hartley, J. C. Mill. AsÏso¶ciÏaÏtive (?), a.ÿHaving the quality of associating; tending or leading to association; as, the associative faculty. Hugh Miller. AsÏso¶ciÏa·tor (?), n. An associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme. How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers, And Carolina's with associators. Dryden. AsÏsoil¶ (?), v. t. [OF. assoiler, absoiler, assoldre, F. absoudre, L. absolvere. See Absolve.] 1. To set free; to release. [Archaic] Till from her hands the spright assoiled is. Spenser. 2. To solve; to clear up. [Obs.] Any child might soon be able to assoil this riddle. Bp. Jewel. 3. To set free from guilt; to absolve. [Archaic] Acquitted and assoiled from the guilt. Dr. H. More. Many persons think themselves fairly assoiled, because they are... not of scandalous lives. Jer. Taylor. 4. To expiate; to atone for. [Archaic] Spenser. Let each act assoil a fault. E. Arnold. 5. To remove; to put off. [Obs.] She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite assoil. Spenser. AsÏsoil¶, v. t. [Pref. adÏ + soil.] To soil; to stain. [Obs. or Poet.] Beau. & Fl. Ne'er assoil my cobwebbed shield. Wordsworth. AsÏsoil¶ment (?), n. Act of assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution; acquittal. AsÏsoil¶ment, n. A soiling; defilement. AsÏsoil¶zie (?), AsÏsoil¶yie, v. t. [Old form assoi?e. See Assoil.] (scots Law) To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court. God assoilzie him for the sin of bloodshed. Sir W. Scott. As¶soÏnance (?), n. [Cf. F. assonance. See Assonant.] 1. Resemblance of sound. ½The disagreeable assonance of ?sheath' and ?sheated.'¸ Steevens. 2. (Pros.) A peculiar species of rhyme, in which the last accented vowel and those which follow it in one word correspond in sound with the vowels of another word, while the consonants of the two words are unlike in sound; as, calamo and platano, baby and chary. The assonance is peculiar to the Spaniard. Hallam. 3. Incomplete correspondence. Assonance between facts seemingly remote. Lowell. As¶soÏnant (?), a. [L. assonans, p. pr. of assonare to sound to, to correspond to in sound; ad + sonare to sound, sonus sound: cf. F. assonant. See Sound.] 1.ÿHaving a resemblance of sounds. 2. (Pros.) Pertaining to the peculiar species of rhyme called assonance; not consonant. As·soÏnan¶tal (?), a. Assonant. As¶soÏnate (?), v. i. [L. assonare, assonatum, to respond to.] To correspond in sound. AsÏsort¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assorting.] [F. assortir; ? (L. ad) + sortir to cast or draw lots, to obtain by lot, L. sortiri, fr. sors, sortis, lot. See Sort.] 1. To separate and distribute into classes, as things of a like kind, nature, or quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify; as, to assort goods. [Rarely applied to persons.] They appear... no ways assorted to those with whom they must associate. Burke. 2. To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or a variety of goods; as, to assort a cargo. AsÏsort¶, v. i. To agree; to be in accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall into a class or place. Mitford.

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AsÏsort¶ed (?), a. Selected; culled. AsÏsort¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. assortiment.] 1. Act of assorting, or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes. 2. A collection or quantity of things distributed into kinds or sorts; a number of things assorted. 3. A collection containing a variety of sorts or kinds adapted to various wants, demands, or purposes; as, an assortment of goods. AsÏsot¶ (?), v. t. [OF. asoter, F. assoter; ? (L. ad) + sot stupid. See Sot.] To besot; to befool; to beguile; to infatuate. [Obs.] Some ecstasy assotted had his sense. Spenser. AsÏsot¶, a. Dazed; foolish; infatuated. [Obs.] Willie, I ween thou be assot. Spenser. AsÏsuage¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assuaged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuaging (?).] [OE. asuagen, aswagen, OF. asoagier, asuagier, fr. assouagier, fr. L. ad + suavis sweet. See Sweet.] To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult; to satisfy, as appetite or desire. Refreshing winds the summer's heat assuage. Addison. To assuage the sorrows of a desolate old man Burke. The fount at which the panting mind assuages Her thirst of knowledge. Byron. Syn. - To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm; tranquilize; relieve. See Alleviate. AsÏsuage¶, v. i. To abate or subside. [Archaic] ½The waters assuaged.¸ Gen. vii. 1. The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to assuage. De Foe. AsÏsuage¶ment (?), n. [OF. assouagement, asuagement.] Mitigation; abatement. AsÏsua¶ger (?), n. One who, or that which, assuages. AsÏsua¶sive (?), a. [From assuage, as if this were fr. a supposed L. assuadere to persuade to; or from E. pref. ad + Ïsuasive as in persuasive.] Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing. [R.] Music her soft assuasive voice applies. Pope. AsÏsub¶juÏgate (?), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + subjugate.] To bring into subjection. [Obs.] Shak. As·sueÏfac¶tion (?), n. [L. assuefacere to accustom to; assuetus (p. p. of assuescere to accustom to) + facere to make; cf. OF. assuefaction.] The act of accustoming, or the state of being accustomed; habituation. [Obs.] Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by assuefaction introduce a nature. Jer. Taylor. As¶sueÏtude (?), n. [L. assuetudo, fr. assuetus accustomed.] Accustomedness; habit; habitual use. Assuetude of things hurtful doth make them lose their force to hurt. Bacon. AsÏsum¶aÏble (?), a. That may be assumed. AsÏsum¶aÏbly, adv. By way of assumption. AsÏsume¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assuming.] [L. assumere; ad + sumere to take; sub + emere to take, buy: cf. F. assumer. See Redeem.] 1. To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly. Trembling they stand while Jove assumes the throne. Pope. The god assumed his native form again. Pope. 2. To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively. The consequences of assumed principles. Whewell. 3. To pretend to possess; to take in appearance. Ambition assuming the mask of religion. Porteus. Assume a virtue, if you have it not. Shak. 4. To receive or adopt. The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed into that honorable company. Sir W. Scott. Syn. - To arrogate; usurp; appropriate. AsÏsume¶, v. i. 1. To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due. Bp. Burnet. 2. (Law) To undertake, as by a promise. Burrill. AsÏsumed¶ (?), a. 1. Supposed. 2. Pretended; hypocritical; makeÐbelieve; as, an assumed character. AsÏsum¶edÏly (?), adv. By assumption. AsÏsum¶ent (?), n. [L. assumentum, fr. ad + suere to sew.] A patch; an addition; a piece put on. [Obs.] John Lewis (1731). AsÏsum¶er (?), n. One who assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes. W. D. Whitney. AsÏsum¶ing, a. Pretentious; taking much upon one's self; presumptuous. Burke. Ø AsÏsump¶sit (?; 215), n. [L., he undertook, pret. of L. assumere. See Assume.] (Law) (a) A promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express or implied. (b) An action to recover damages for a breach or nonperformance of a contract or promise, express or implied, oral or in writing not under seal. Common or indebitatus assumpsit is brought for the most part on an implied promise. Special assumpsit is founded on an express promise or undertaking. Wharton. AsÏsumpt¶ (?; 215), v. t. [L. assumptus, p. p. of assumere. See Assume.] To take up; to elevate; to assume. [Obs.] Sheldon. AsÏsumpt¶, n. [L. assumptum, p. p. neut. of assumere.] That which is assumed; an assumption. [Obs.] The sun of all your assumpts is this. Chillingworth. AsÏsump¶tion (?; 215), n. [OE. assumpcioun a taking up into heaven, L. assumptio a taking, fr. assumere: cf. F. assomption. See Assume.] 1. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of taking up or adopting. The assumption of authority. Whewell. 2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim. This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable assumption that the soul sleeps from the period of death to the resurrection of the body. Thodey. That calm assumption of the virtues. W. Black. 3. The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition. Hold! says the Stoic; your assumption's wrong. Dryden. 4. (Logic) The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism. 5. The taking of a person up into heaven. Hence: (Rom. Cath. & Greek Churches) A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven. AsÏsump¶tive (?), a. [L. assumptivus, fr. assumptus, fr. assumere.] Assumed, or capable of being assumed; characterized by assumption; making unwarranted claims. Ð AsÏsump¶tiveÏly, adv. ÷ arms (Her.), originally, arms which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an exploit; now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds' College. Percy Smith. AsÏsur¶ance (?), n. [OE. assuraunce, F. assurance, fr. assurer. See Assure.] 1. The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full confidence; that which is designed to give confidence. Whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead. Acts xvii. 31. Assurances of support came pouring in daily. Macaulay. 2. The state of being assured; firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certainty. Let us draw with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Heb. x. 22. 3. Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness; intrepidity; courage; confidence; selfÐreliance. Brave men meet danger with assurance. Knolles. Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and assurance. Locke. 4. Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; as, his assurance is intolerable. 5. Betrothal; affiance. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 6. Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death. µ Recently, assurance has been used, in England, in relation to life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other contingencies. It is called temporary assurance, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited. See Insurance. 7. (Law) Any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of property; a conveyance; a deed. µ In England, the legal evidences of the conveyance of property are called the common assurances of the kingdom. Blackstone. AsÏsure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Assuring.] [OF. aserer, F. assurer, LL. assecurare; L. ad + securus secure, sure, certain. See Secure, Sure, and cf. Insure.] 1. To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise, declaration, or other evidence. His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe... Assures me that the bitterness of death Is past, and we shall live. Milton. 2. To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of inspiring belief or confidence. I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus. Shak. 3. To confirm; to make certain or secure. And it shall be assured to him. Lev. xxvii. 19. And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our hearts before him. 1 John iii. 19. 4. To affiance; to betroth. [Obs.] Shak. 5. (Law) To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See Insure. Syn. - To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate; protest; persuade; convince. AsÏsured¶ (?), a. Made sure; safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess. AsÏsured¶, n. One whose life or property is insured. AsÏsur¶edÏly (?), adv. Certainly; indubitably. ½The siege assuredly I'll raise.¸ Shak. AsÏsur¶edÏness, n. The state of being assured; certainty; full confidence. AsÏsur¶er (?), n. 1. One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss; an insurer or underwriter. 2. One who takes out a life assurance policy. AsÏsur¶genÏcy (?), n. Act of rising. The... assurgency of the spirit through the body. Coleridge. AsÏsur¶gent (?), a. [L. assurgens, p. pr. of assurgere; ad + surgere to rise.] Ascending; (Bot.) rising obliquely; curving upward. Gray. AsÏsur¶ing (?), a. That assures; tending to assure; giving confidence. Ð AsÏsur¶ingÏly, adv. AsÏswage¶ , v. See Assuage. AsÏsyr¶iÏan (?), a. [L. Assyrius.] Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants. Ð n. A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria. AsÏsyr·iÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Assyriology; as, Assyriological studies. AsÏsyr·iÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian arch‘ology. AsÏsyr·iÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Assyria + Ïlogy.] The science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient Assyria. AsÏsyth¶ment (?), n. [From OF. aset, asez, orig. meaning enough. See Assets.] Indemnification for injury; satisfaction. [Chiefly in Scots law] Ø As¶taÏcus (?), n. [L. astacus a crab, Gr. ?.] (Zo”l.) A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of freshÐwater lobster of Europe, and allied species of western North America. See Crawfish. AÏstar¶board (?), adv. (Naut.) Over to the starboard side; Ð said of the tiller. AÏstart¶ (?), v. t. & i. Same as Astert. [Obs.] Ø AsÏtar¶te (?), n. [Gr. ? a Ph?nician goddess.] (Zo”l.) A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe. AÏstate¶ (?), n. Estate; state. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏstat¶ic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + static.] (Magnetism) Having little or no tendency to take a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended magnetic needle, when rendered astatic, loses its polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction. ÷ pair (Magnetism), a pair of magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite ~, as in some galvanometers. AÏstat¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. In an astatic manner. AÏstat¶iÏcism (?), n. The state of being astatic. AÏstay¶ (?), adv. (Naut.) An anchor is said to be astay, in heaving it, an acute angle is formed between the cable and the surface of the water. As¶teÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? refined and witty talk, fr. ? of the town, polite, witty, fr. ? city: cf. F. ast‚isme.] (Rhet.) Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another. As¶tel (?), n. [OE. astelle piece of wood, OF. astele splinter, shaving, F. attelle, astelle: cf. L. astula, dim. of assis board.] (Mining) An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed over the men's heads in a mine. As¶ter (?), n. [L. aster aster, star, Gr. ? star. See Star.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort; Michaelmas daisy. 2. (Floriculture) A plant of the genus Callistephus. Many varieties (called China asters, German asters, etc.) are cultivated for their handsome compound flowers. Ø AsÏte¶riÏas (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? starred, fr. ? star.] (Zo”l.) A genus of echinoderms. µ Formerly the group of this name included nearly all starfishes and ophiurans. Now it is restricted to a genus including the commonest shore starfishes. AsÏte¶riÏa·ted (?), a. [See Asterias.] Radiated, with diverging rays; as, asteriated sapphire. As·terÏid¶iÏan (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Asterioidea. Ð n. A starfish; one of the Asterioidea. Ø AsÏte·riÏoid¶eÏa (?), Ø As·terÏid¶eÏa (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + Ïoid. See Asterias.] (Zo”l.) A class of Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The rays vary in number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The body is starshaped or pentagonal. Ø AsÏte¶riÏon (?), n. [Gr. ? starry.] (Anat.) The point on the side of the skull where the lambdoid, parietoÐmastoid and occipitoÐmastoid sutures. Ø As·terÏis¶cus (?), n. [L., an asterisk. See Asterisk.] (Anat.) The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of many fishes. As¶terÏisk (?), n. [L. asteriscus, Gr. ?, dim. of ? star. See Aster.] The figure of a star, thus, ?, used in printing and writing as a reference to a passage or note in the margin, to supply the omission of letters or words, or to mark a word or phrase as having a special character. As·terÏism (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? star; cf. F. ast‚risme.] 1. (Astron.) (a) A constellation. [Obs.] (b) A small cluster of stars. 2. (Printing) (a) An asterisk, or mark of reference. [R.] (b) Three asterisks placed in this manner, ???, to direct attention to a particular passage. 3. (Crystallog.) An optical property of some crystals which exhibit a starÐshaped by reflected light, as star sapphire, or by transmitted light, as some mica. AÏstern¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + stern.] (Naut.) 1. In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or stern; backward; as, to go astern. 2. Behind a ship; in the rear. ½A gale of wind right astern.¸ De Foe. ½Left this strait astern.¸ Drake. To bake ~, to go stern foremost. Ð To be ~ of the reckoning, to be behind the position given by the reckoning. Ð To drop ~, to fall or be left behind. Ð To go ~, to go backward, as from the action of currents or winds. AÏster¶nal (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + sternal.] (Anat.) Not sternal; Ð said of ribs which do not join the sternum. As¶terÏoid (?), n. [Gr. ? starlike, starry; ? star + ? form: cf. F. ast‚ro‹de. See Aster.] A starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; Ð called also planetoids and minor planets. As·terÏoid¶al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids. Ø As·teÏrol¶eÏpis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? star + ? scale.] (Paleon.) A genus of fishes, some of which were eighteen or twenty feet long, found in a fossil state in the Old Red Sandstone. Hugh Miller.

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As·terÏoph¶ylÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ? star + ? leaf.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant from the coal formations of Europe and America, now regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites. AÏstert (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + start; OE. asterten, asturten.] To start up; to befall; to escape; to shun. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏstert¶, v. i. To escape. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø As·theÏni¶a (?), As¶theÏny (?), } n. [NL. asthenia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? strength.] (Med.) Want or loss of strength; debility; diminution of the vital forces. AsÏthen¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? strength.] (Med.) Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak; debilitating. Ø As·theÏno¶piÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? strength + ? eye.] Weakness of sight. Quain. Ð As·theÏnop¶ic (?), a. Asth¶ma (?; 277), n. [Gr. ? shortÐdrawn breath, fr. ? to blow, for ?: cf. Skr. v¾, Goth. waian, to blow, E. wind.] (Med.) A disease, characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a cough, and expectoration. AsthÏmat¶ic (?), AsthÏmat¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. asthmaticus, Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to asthma; as, an asthmatic cough; liable to, or suffering from, asthma; as, an asthmatic patient. Ð AsthÏmat¶icÏalÏly, adv. AsthÏmat¶ic, n. A person affected with asthma. As·tigÏmat¶ic (?), a. (Med. & Opt.) Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism; as, astigmatic eyes; also, remedying astigmatism; as, astigmatic lenses. AÏstig¶maÏtism (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, a prick of a pointed instrument, a spot, fr. ? to prick: cf. F. astigmatisme.] (Med. & Opt.) A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision. µ The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or clearly seen. AsÏtip¶uÏlate (?), v. i. [L. astipulari; ad + stipulari to stipulate.] To assent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. AsÏtip·uÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. astipulatio.] Stipulation; agreement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. AÏstir¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + stir.] Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed. AÏstom¶aÏtous (?), As¶toÏmous (?), } a. [Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, mouth.] Not possessing a mouth. AsÏton¶ (?), AsÏtone¶ (?), } v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astoned, Astond, or Astound.] [See Astonish.] To stun; to astonish; to stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer. AsÏton¶ied (?), p. p. Stunned; astonished. See Astony. [Archaic] And I astonied fell and could not pray. Mrs. Browning. AsÏton¶ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Astonishing.] [OE. astonien, astunian, astonen, OF. estoner, F. ‚tonner, fr. L. ex out + tonare to thunder, but perhaps influenced by E. stun. See Thunder, Astound, Astony.] 1. To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow. [Obs.] Enough, captain; you have astonished him. [Fluellen had struck Pistol.] Shak. The very crampÐfish [i. e., torpedo]... being herself not benumbed, is able to astonish others. Holland. 2. To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with some sudden emotion or passion. Musidorus... had his wits astonished with sorrow. Sidney. I, Daniel... was astonished at the vision. Dan. viii. 27. Syn. - To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise. Ð Astonished, Surprised. We are surprised at what is unexpected. We are astonished at what is above or beyond our comprehension. We are taken by surprise. We are struck with astonishment. C. J. Smith. See Amaze. AsÏton¶ishÏedÏly (?), adv. In an astonished manner. [R.] Bp. Hall. AsÏton¶ishÏing, a. Very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; as, an astonishing event. Syn. - Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous. Ð AsÏton¶ishÏingÏly, adv. Ð AsÏton¶ishÏingÏness, n. AsÏton¶ishÏment (?), n. [Cf. OF. est?nnement, F. ‚tonnement.] 1. The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense. [Obs.] A coldness and astonishment in his loins, as folk say. Holland. 2. Dismay; consternation. [Archaic] Spenser. 3. The overpowering emotion excited when something unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind; an intense degree of surprise; amazement. Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton. 4. The object causing such an emotion. Thou shalt become an astonishment. Deut. xxviii. 37. Syn. - Amazement; wonder; surprise. AsÏto¶y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Astonying. See Astone.] To stun; to bewilder; to astonish; to dismay. [Archaic] The captain of the Helots... strake Palladius upon the side of his head, that he reeled astonied. Sir P. Sidney. This sodeyn cas this man astonied so, That reed he wex, abayst, and al quaking. Chaucer. AÏstoop¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + stoop.] In a stooping or inclined position. Gay. AsÏtound¶ (?), a. [OE. astouned, astound, astoned, p. p. of astone. See Astone.] Stunned; astounded; astonished. [Archaic] Spenser. Thus Ellen, dizzy and astound. As sudden ruin yawned around. Sir W. Scott. AsÏtound¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astounded, Obs. Astound; p. pr. & vb. n. Astounding.] [See Astound, a.] 1. To stun; to stupefy. No puissant stroke his senses once astound. Fairfax. 2. To astonish; to strike with amazement; to confound with wonder, surprise, or fear. These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The virtuous mind. Milton. AsÏtound¶ing, a. Of a nature to astound; astonishing; amazing; as, an astounding force, statement, or fact. Ð AsÏfound¶ingÏly, adv. AsÏfound¶ment (?), n. Amazement. Coleridge. As·traÏchan¶ (?), a. & n. See Astrakhan. AÏstrad¶dle (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + straddle.] In a straddling position; astride; bestriding; as, to sit astraddle a horse. AsÏtr‘¶an (?), a. [Gr. ? starry.] (Zo”l.) Pertaining to the genus Astr‘a or the family Astr‘id‘. Ð n. A coral of the family Astr‘id‘; a star coral. As¶traÏgal (?), n. [L. astragalus, Gr. ? the ankle bone, a molding in the capital of the Ionic column.] 1. (Arch.) A convex molding of rounded surface, generally from half to three quarters of a circle. 2. (Gun.) A round molding encircling a cannon near the mouth. AsÏtrag¶aÏlar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the astragalus. AsÏtrag¶aÏloid (?), a. [Astragalus + Ïoid.] (Anat.) Resembling the astragalus in form. AsÏtrag¶aÏloÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ? ankle bone, die + Ïmancy.] Divination by means of small bones or dice. Ø AsÏtrag¶aÏlus (?), n. [L. See Astragal.] 1. (Anat.) The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia at the ankle. 2. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe Galege‘, containing numerous species, two of which are called, in English, milk vetch and licorice vetch. Gum tragacanth is obtained from different oriental species, particularly the A. gummifer and A. verus. 3. (Arch.) See Astragal, 1. As·traÏkhan¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to ÷ in Russia or its products; made of an ÷ skin. Ð n. The skin of stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled wool of which resembles fur. As¶tral (?), a. [L. astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. ?: cf. F. astral. See Star.] Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry; starlike. Shines only with an astral luster. I. Taylor. Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer. Dryden. ÷ lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow is cast upon the table by the flattened ringÐshaped reservoir in which the oil is contained. Ð ÷ spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live in the heavenly bodies or the a‰rial regions, and represented in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or spirits originating in fire. AÏstrand¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + strand.] Stranded. Sir W. Scott. AÏstray¶ (?), adv. & a. [See Estray, Stray.] Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; as, to lead one astray. Ye were as sheep going astray. 1 Pet. ii. 25. AsÏtrict¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astricted;ÿp. pr. & vb. n. Astricting.] [L. astrictus, p. p. of astringere. See Astringe.] 1. To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract. The solid parts were to be relaxed or astricted. Arbuthnot. 2. To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to limit. [R.] The mind is astricted to certain necessary modes or forms of thought. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. (Scots Law) To restrict the tenure of; as, to astrict lands. See Astriction, 4. Burrill. AsÏtrict¶, a. Concise; contracted. [Obs.] Weever. AsÏtric¶tion (?), n. [L. astrictio.] 1. The act of binding; restriction; also, obligation. Milton. 2. (Med.) (a) A contraction of parts by applications; the action of an astringent substance on the animal economy. Dunglison. (b) Constipation. Arbuthnot. 3. Astringency. [Obs.] Bacon. 4. (Scots Law) An obligation to have the grain growing on certain lands ground at a certain mill, the owner paying a toll. Bell. µ The lands were said to be astricted to the mill. AsÏtric¶tive (?), a. Binding; astringent. Ð n. An astringent. Ð AsÏtric¶tiveÏly, adv. AsÏtric¶toÏry (?), a. Astrictive. [R.] AÏstride¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + stride.] With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched wide apart; astraddle. Placed astride upon the bars of the palisade. Sir W. Scott. Glasses with horn bows sat astride on his nose. Longfellow. AsÏtrif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. astrifer; astrum star + ferre to bear.] Bearing stars. [R.] Blount. AsÏtringe¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Astringing (?).] [L. astringere; ad + stringere to draw tight. Cf. Astrict, and see Strain, v. t.] 1. To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to draw together; to compress. Which contraction... astringeth the moistu?? ? br?? and thereby sendeth tears into the eyes. Bacon. 2. To bind by moral or legal obligation. Wolsey. AsÏtrin¶genÏcy (?), n. The quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the parts of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances which causes contraction of the organic textures; as, the astringency of tannin. AsÏtrin¶gent (?), a. [L. astringens, p. pr. of astringere: cf. F. astringent. See Astringe.] 1. Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; Ð opposed to laxative; as, astringent medicines; a butter and astringent taste; astringent fruit. 2. Stern; austere; as, an astringent type of virtue. AsÏtrin¶gent, n. A medicine or other substance that produces contraction in the soft organic textures, and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc. External astringents are called styptics. Dunglison. AsÏtrin¶gentÏly, adv. In an astringent manner. AsÏtrin¶ger (?),n. [OE. ostreger, OF. ostrucier, F. autoursier, fr. OF. austour, ostor, hawk, F. autour; cf. L. acceptor, for accipiter, hawk.] A falconer who keeps a goschawk. [Obs.] Shak. Cowell. [Written also austringer.] As¶troÏ (?). The combining form of the Greek word ?, meaning star. As¶troÏfel, As¶troÏfell } (?), n. A bitter herb, probably the same as aster, or starwort. Spenser. AsÏtrog¶eÏny (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? birth.] The creation or evolution of the stars or the heavens. H. Spencer. AsÏtrog¶noÏsy (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? knowledge.] The science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars. Bouvier. AsÏtrog¶oÏny (?), n. Same as Astrogeny. Ð As·ÏtroÏgon¶ic (?), a. AsÏtrog¶raÏphy (?), n. [AstroÏ + Ïgraphy.] The art of describing or delineating the stars; a description or mapping of the heavens. As¶troÏite (?), n. [L. astroites: cf. F. astroite.] A radiated stone or fossil; starÐstone. [Obs.] [Written also astrite and astrion.] As¶troÏlabe (?), n. [OE. astrolabie, astrilabe, OF. astrelabe, F. astrolabe, LL. astrolabium, fr. Gr. ?; ? star + ?, ?, to take.] 1. (Astron.) An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now disused. µ Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary sphere. A graduated circle with sights, for taking altitudes at sea, was called an astrolabe in the 18th century. It is now superseded by the quadrant and sextant. 2. A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a planisphere. Whewell. AsÏtrol¶aÏter (?), n. A worshiper of the stars. Morley. AsÏtrol¶aÏtry (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? service, worship: cf. F. astrolƒtrie.] The worship of the stars. As·troÏliÏthol¶oÏgy (?), n. [AstroÏ + lithology.] The science of a‰rolites. AsÏtrol¶oÏger (?), n. [See Astrology.] 1. One who studies the stars; an astronomer. [Obs.] 2. One who practices astrology; one who professes to foretell events by the aspects and situation of the stars. As·troÏlo¶giÏan (?), n. [OF. astrologien.] An astrologer. [Obs.] As·troÏlog¶ic (?), As·troÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing astrology. ½Astrologi? learning.¸ Hudibras. ½Astrological prognostication.¸ Cudworth. Ð As·troÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. AsÏtrol¶oÏgize (?), v. t. & i. To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology. AsÏtrol¶oÏgy (?), n. [F. astrologie, L. astrologia, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? astronomer, astrologer; ? star + ? discourse, ? to speak. See Star.] In its etymological signification, the science of the stars; among the ancients, synonymous with astronomy; subsequently, the art of judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of foretelling events by their position and aspects. µ Astrology was much in vogue during the Middle Ages, and became the parent of modern astronomy, as alchemy did of chemistry. It was divided into two kinds: judicial astrology, which assumed to foretell the fate and acts of nations and individuals, and natural astrology, which undertook to predict events of inanimate nature, such as changes of the weather, etc. As·troÏman¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? astrology.] Of or pertaining to divination by means of the stars; astrologic. [R.] Dr. H. More. As·troÏme·teÏorÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [AstroÏ + meteorology.] The investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and stars, and the weather. Ð As·ÏtroÏme·teÏor·oÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Ð As·troÏme·teÏorÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. AsÏtrom¶eÏter (?), n. [AstroÏ + Ïmeter.] An instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of stars. AsÏtrom¶eÏtry (?), n. [AstroÏ + Ïmetry.] The art of making measurements among the stars, or of determining their relative magnitudes. AsÏtron¶oÏmer (?), n. [See Astronomy.] 1. An astrologer. [Obs.] Shak. 2. One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions are regulated, with their various phenomena. An undevout astronomer is mad. Young. As·troÏno¶miÏan (?), n. [OE. & OF. astronomien. See Astronomy.] An astrologer. [Obs.] As·troÏnom¶ic (?), a. Astronomical.

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As·troÏnom¶icÏal (?), a. [L. astronomicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. astronomique.] Of or pertaining to astronomy; in accordance with the methods or principles of astronomy. Ð As·troÏnom¶icÏalÏly, adv. ÷ clock. See under Clock. Ð ÷ day. See under Clock. Ð ÷ day. See under Day. Ð ÷ fractions, ÷ numbers. See under Sexagesimal. AsÏtron¶oÏmize , v. i. [Gr. ?.] To study or to talk astronomy. [R.] They astronomized in caves. Sir T. Browne. AsÏtron¶oÏmy (?), n. [OE. astronomie, F. astronomie, L. astronomia, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? astronomer; ? star + ? to distribute, regulate. See Star, and Nomad.] 1. Astrology. [Obs.] Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck; And yet methinks I have astronomy. Shak. 2. The science which treats of the celestial bodies, of their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, eclipses, constitution, physical condition, and of the causes of their various phenomena. 3. A treatise on, or textÐbook of, the science. Physical ~. See under Physical. As¶troÏphel (?), n. See Astrofel.ÿ[Obs.] As·troÏphoÏtog¶raÏphy (?), n. [AstroÏ + photography.] The application of photography to the delineation of the sun, moon, and stars. As·troÏphys¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science. Ø AsÏtroph¶yÏton (?), n. [AstroÏ + Gr. ? a plant.] (Zo”l.) A genus of ophiurans having the arms much branched. As¶troÏscope (?), n. [AstroÏ + scope.] An old astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose surface the constellations were delineated. AsÏtros¶coÏpy (?), n. Observation of the stars. [Obs.] As·troÏtheÏol¶ÏoÏgy (?), n. [AstroÏ + theology.] Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the celestial bodies. Derham. AÏstruc¶tive (?), a. [L. astructus, p. p. of astruere to build up; ad + struere to build.] Building up; constructive; Ð opposed to destructive.ÿ[Obs.] AÏstrut¶ (?), a. & adv. 1. Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling manner. [Archaic] Inflated and astrut with selfÐconceit. Cowper. 2. In a strutting manner; with a strutting gait. AsÏtu¶cious (?), a. [F. astucieux. See Astute.] Subtle; cunning; astute. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Ð AsÏtu¶ciousÏly, adv. [R.] AsÏtu¶ciÏty (?), n. [See Astucious.] Craftiness; astuteness. [R.] Carlyle. AÏstun¶ (?), v. t. [See Astony, Stun.] To stun. [Obs.] ½Breathless and astunned.¸ Somerville. AsÏtu¶riÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Asturias in Spain. Ð n. A native of Asturias. AsÏtute¶ (?), a. [L. astutus, fr. astus craft, cunning; perh. cognate with E. acute.] Critically discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty. Syn. - Keen; eagleÐeyed; penetrating; skilled; discriminating; cunning; sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty. Ð AsÏtute¶ly, adv. Ð AsÏtute¶ness, n. AÏsty¶lar (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? pillar.] (arch.) Without columns pr pilasters. Weale. AÏstyl¶len (?), n. (Mining) A small dam to prevent free passage of water in an adit or level. AÏsun¶der (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + sunder.] Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in different pieces or places. I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder. Zech. xi. 10. As wide asunder as pole and pole. Froude. Ø AÏsu¶ra (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of demons and giants. Ø As¶wail (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The sloth bear (Melursus labiatus) of India. AÏswewe¶ (?), v. t. [AS. aswebban; a + swebban. See Sweven.] To stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏswing¶ (?), adv. In a state of swinging. AÏswoon¶ (?), adv. In a swoon. Chaucer. AÏswooned¶ (?), adv. In a swoon. AÏsy¶lum (?), n.; pl. E. Asylums (?), L. Asyla (?). [L. asylum, Gr. ?, fr. ? exempt from spoliation, inviolable; ? priv. + ? right of seizure.] 1. A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege. So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an asylum or sanctuary. Ayliffe. µ The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense. 2. Any place of retreat and security. Earth has no other asylum for them than its own cold bosom. Southey. 3. An institution for the protection or relief of some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; as, an asylum for the aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic asylum; an orphan asylum. AÏsym¶meÏtral (?), a. Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical. [Obs.] D. H. More. As·ymÏmet¶ric (?), As·ymÏmet¶riÏcal (?), } a. [See Asymmetrous.] 1. Incommensurable. [Obs.] 2. Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not bilaterally symmetrical. Huxley. AÏsym¶meÏtrous (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Asymmetrical. [Obs.] Barrow. AÏsym¶meÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? symmetry.] 1. Want of symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp. want of bilateral symmetry. 2. (Math.) Incommensurability. [Obs.] Barrow. As¶ympÏtote (?; 215), n. [Gr. ? not falling together; ? priv. + ? to fall together; ? with + ? to fall. Cf. Symptom.] (Math.) A line which approaches nearer to some curve than assignable distance, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves. A rectilinear asymptote may be conceived as a tangent to the curve at an infinite distance. As·ympÏtot¶ic (?), As·ympÏtot¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an asymptote; as, asymptotical lines, surfaces, or planes. Ð As·ympÏtot¶icÏly, adv. AÏsyn¶arÏtete· (?), a. [Gr. ? not united, disconnected; ? priv. + ? with + ? to fasten to.] Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted. Ð AÏsyn¶arÏtet¶ic (?), a. ÷ verse (Pros.), a verse of two members, having different rhythms; as when the first consists of iambuses and the second of trochees. As·ynÏdet¶ic (?), a. [See Asyndeton.] Characterized by the use of asyndeton; not connected by conjunctions. Ð As·ynÏdet¶icÏalÏly, adv. AÏsyn¶deÏton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? unconnected; ? priv. + ? bound together, fr. ?; ? with + ? to bind.] (Rhet.) A figure which omits the connective; as, I came, I saw, I conquered. It stands opposed to polysyndeton. AÏsys¶toÏle (?)(?), n. [Pref. aÏ not + systole.] (Physiol.) A weakening or cessation of the contractile power of the heart. AÏsys¶toÏlism (?), n. The state or symptoms characteristic of asystole. At (?), prep. [AS. ‘t; akin to OHG. az, Goth., OS., & Icel. at, Sw. †t, Dan. & L. ad.] Primarily, this word expresses the relations of presence, nearness in place or time, or direction toward; as, at the ninth hour; at the house; to aim at a mark. It is less definite than in or on; at the house may be in or near the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. It expresses: Ð 1. A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; as, at the door; at your shop; at home; at school; at hand; at sea and on land. 2. The relation of some state or condition; as, at war; at peace; at ease; at your service; at fault; at liberty; at risk; at disadvantage. 3. The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; as, at engraving; at husbandry; at play; at work; at meat (eating); except at puns. 4. The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; as, with the thermometer at 800; goods sold at a cheap price; a country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is short at the longest. 5. The relations of time, age, or order; as, at ten o'clock; at twentyÐone; at once; at first. 6. The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; as, at the sight; at this news; merry at anything; at this declaration; at his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure at your hands. 7. Relation of direction toward an object or end; as, look at it; to point at one; to aim at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh at any one. At all, At home, At large, At last, At length, At once, etc. See under All, Home, Large, Last (phrase and syn.), Length, Once, etc. Ð At it, busily or actively engaged. Ð At least. See Least and However. Ð At one. See At one, in the Vocabulary. Syn. - In, At. When reference to the interior of any place is made prominent in is used. It is used before the names of countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live in America, in New York, in the South. At is commonly employed before names of houses, institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated at Christ's College; money taken in at the Customhouse; I saw him at the jeweler's; we live at Beachville. At may be used before the name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. ½An English king was crowned at Paris.¸ Macaulay. ½Jean Jacques Rousseau was born at Geneva, June, 28, 1712.¸ J. Morley. In regard to time, we say at the hour, on the day, in the year; as, at 9 o'clock, on the morning of July 5th, in the year 1775. At¶aÏbal (?), n. [Sp. atabal, fr. Ar. atÐtabl the drum, tabala to beat the drum. Cf. Tymbal.] A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used by the Moors. Croly. AÏtac¶aÏmite (?), n. [From the desert of Atacama, where found.] (Min.) An oxychloride of copper, usually in emeraldÐgreen prismatic crystals. At·aft¶er (?), prep. After. [Obs.] Chaucer. At¶aÏghan (?), n. See Yataghan. AÏtake¶ (?), v. t. To overtake. [Obs.] Chaucer. At¶aÏman (?), n. [Russ. ataman': cf. Pol. hetman, G. hauptmann headman, chieftain. Cf. Hetman.] A hetman, or chief of the Cossacks. Ø At·aÏrax¶iÏa (?), At¶aÏrax·y (?), } n. [NL. ataraxia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? disturbed, ? to disturb.] Perfect peace of mind, or calmness. AÏtaunt¶ (?), AÏtaunt¶o (?), } adv. [F. autant as much (as possible).] (Naut.) Fully rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or set right. AÏtav¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. atavique.] Pertaining to a remote ancestor, or to atavism. At¶aÏvism (?), n. [L. atavus an ancestor, fr. avus a grandfather.] (a) The recurrence, or a tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than to near ancestors; reversion to the original form. (b) (Biol.) The recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation, after an intermission for a generation or two. Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call atavism, or reversion to an ancestral type of character. J. Fiske. Ø AÏtax¶iÏa (?), At¶axÏy (?), } n. [NL. ataxia, Gr. ?, fr. ? out of order; ? priv. + ? ordered, arranged, ? to put in order: cf. F. ataxie.] 1. Disorder; irregularity. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 2. (Med.) (a) Irregularity in disease, or in the functions. (b) The state of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the nervous condition. Locomotor ataxia. See Locomotor. AÏtax¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ataxique. See Ataxia.] (Med.) Characterized by ataxy, that is, (a) by great irregularity of functions or symptoms, or (b) by a want of coordinating power in movements. ÷ fever, malignant typhus fever. Pinel. At·aÏzir¶ (?), n. [OF., fr. Ar. alÐtasÆr influence.] (Astron.) The influence of a star upon other stars or upon men. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ate (?; 277), the preterit of Eat. A¶te (?), n. [Gr. ?.] (Greek. Myth.) The goddess of mischievous folly; also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance. Ïate (?). [From the L. suffix Ïatus, the past participle ending of verbs of the 1st conj.] 1. As an ending of participles or participial adjectives it is equivalent to Ïed; as, situate or situated; animate or animated. 2. As the ending of a verb, it means to make, to cause, to act, etc.; as, to propitiate (to make propitious); to animate (to give life to). 3. As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; as, curate, delegate. It also sometimes marks the office or dignity; as, tribunate. 4. In chemistry it is used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end Ïic (excepting binary or halogen acids); as, sulphate from sulphuric acid, nitrate from nitric acid, etc. It is also used in the case of certain basic salts. AÏtech¶nic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + technic.] Without technical or artistic knowledge. Difficult to convey to the atechnic reader. Etching & Engr. Ø At¶eÏles (?), n. [Gr. ? incomplete; ? priv. + ? completion.] (Zo”l.) A genus of American monkeys with prehensile tails, and having the thumb wanting or rudimentary. See Spider monkey, and Coaita. Ø A·teÏlier¶ (?)(?) n. [F.] A workshop; a studio. AÏtel¶lan (?), a. [L. Atellanus, fr. Atella, an ancient town of the Osci, in Campania.] Of or pertaining to Atella, in ancient Italy; as, Atellan plays; farcical; ribald. Ð n. A farcical drama performed at Atella. AÏthal¶aÏmous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? nuptial bed.] (Bot.) Not furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the thallus of certain lichens. Ath¶aÏmaunt (?), n. Adamant. [Obs.] Written in the table of athamaunt. Chaucer. Ath·aÏna¶sian (?; 277), a. Of or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th century. ÷ creed, a formulary, confession, or exposition of faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by Athanasius; but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith. Ath¶aÏnor (?), n. [F., fr. Ar. atÏtann?r, fr. Heb. tann?r an oven or furnace.] A digesting furnace, formerly used by alchemists. It was so constructed as to maintain uniform and durable heat. Chambers. Ø Ath·eÏca¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? chest, box.] (Zo”l.) A division of Hydroidea in which the zooids are naked, or not inclosed in a capsule. See Tubularian. At¶theÏism (?), n. [Cf. F. ath‚isme. See Atheist.] 1. The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. Atheism is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness. R. Hall. Atheism and pantheism are often wrongly confounded. Shipley. 2. Godlessness. A¶theÏist, n. [Gr. ? without god; ? priv. + ? god: cf. F. ath‚iste.] 1. One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. 2. A godless person. [Obs.] Syn. - Infidel; unbeliever. See Infidel. A·theÏis¶tic (?), A·theÏis¶ticÏal (?), } a. 1. Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism; Ð applied to things; as, atheistic doctrines, opinions, or books. Atheistical explications of natural effects. Barrow. 2. Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; godless; Ð applied to persons; as, an atheistic writer. Ð A·theÏis¶ticÏalÏly, adv. Ð A·theÏis¶ticÏalÏness, n. A¶theÏize (?), v. t. To render atheistic or godless. [R.] They endeavored to atheize one another. Berkeley. A¶theÏize, v. i. To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist. [R.] Ð A¶theÏi·zer (?), n. Cudworth.

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Ath¶elÏing (?), n. [AS. ‘?eling noble, fr. ‘?ele noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word ‘?el, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bold; Ethelbert, noble bright.] An AngloÐSaxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and ’theling.] Ath·eÏne¶um, Ath·eÏn‘¶um } (?), n. pl. E. Atheneums (?), L. Athen‘a (?). [L. Athenaemum, Gr. ? a temple of Minerva at Athens, fr. ?, contr. fr. ?, ?, in Homer ?, ?, Athene (called Minerva by the Romans), the tutelary goddess of Athens.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and instruct students. 2. A school founded at Rome by Hadrian. 3. A literary or scientific association or club. 4. A building or an apartment where a library, periodicals, and newspaper? are kept for use. AÏthe¶niÏan (?), a. [Cf. F. Ath‚nien.] Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece. Ð n. A native or citizen of Athens. A·theÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Opposed to theology; atheistic. Bp. Montagu. A·theÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Pref. aÏ not + theology.] Antagonism to theology. Swift. A¶theÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? without God. See Atheist.] 1. Atheistic; impious. [Obs.] Milton. 2. Without God, neither accepting nor denying him. I should say science was atheous, and therefore could not be atheistic. Bp. of Carlisle. Ath¶erÏine (?), n. [NL. atherina, fr. Gr. ? a kind of smelt.] (Zo”l.) A small marine fish of the family Atherinid‘,ÿhaving a silvery stripe along the sides. The European species (Atherina presbyter) is used as food. The American species (Menidia notata) is called silversides and sand smelt. See Silversides. AÏther¶manÏcy (?), n. [See Athermanous.] Inability to transmit radiant; impermeability to heat. Tyndall. AÏther¶maÏnous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? to heat, ? heat: cf. F. athermane.] (Chem.) Not transmitting heat; Ð opposed to diathermanous. AÏther¶mous (?), a. (Chem.) Athermanous. Ath¶erÏoid (?), a. [Gr. ?, ?, a beard, or an ear, of grain + Ïoid.] Shaped like an ear of grain. Ø Ath·eÏro¶ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? gr?ats, meal.] (Med.) (a) An encysted tumor containing curdy matter. (b) A disease characterized by thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the arteries. Ath·eÏrom¶aÏtous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of, atheroma. Wiseman. Ø Ath·eÏto¶sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? not fixed; ? priv. + ? to set.] (Med.) A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar tremors of the fingers and toes. AÏthink¶ (?), v. t. To repent; to displease; to disgust. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏthirst¶ (?), a. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. ofÏ, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.] 1. Wanting drink; thirsty. 2.ÿHaving a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing. ½Athirst for battle.¸ Cowper. Ath¶lete (?), n. [L. athleta, Gr. ? prizefighter, fr. ? to contend for a prize, ?, Hom. ?, contest, ? prize; fr. the same root as E. wed: cf. F. athlŠte.] 1. (Antiq.) One who contended for a prize in the public games of ancient Greece or Rome. 2. Any one trained to contend in exercises requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great activity and strength; a champion. 3. One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual contests; as, athletes of debate. Ath·let¶ic (?), a. [L. athleticus, Gr. ?. See Athlete.] 1. Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises practiced by them; as, athletic games or sports. 2. Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust; vigorous; as, athletic Celts. ½Athletic soundness.¸ South. Ð AthÏlet¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. AthÏlet¶iÏcism (?), n. The practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism. AthÏlet¶ics (?), n. The art of training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of athletes. Ath¶leÏtism (?), n. The state or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an athlete. AÏthwart¶ (?), prep. [Pref. aÏ + thwart.] 1. Across; from side to side of. Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson. 2. (Naut.) Across the direction or course of; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. ÷ hawse, across the stem of another vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance. Ð ÷ ships, across the ship from side to side, or in that direction; Ð opposed to fore and aft. AÏthwart¶, adv. 1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely. Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him straight. Spenser. 2. Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely. All athwart there came A post from Wales loaden with heavy news. Shak. AÏtilt¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + tilt.] 1. In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one making a thrust. ½To run atilt at men.¸ Hudibras. 2. In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. [In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.] Abroach, atilt, and run Even to the lees of honor. Beau. & Fl. At¶iÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? honor.] (Gr. Antiq.) Public disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights. Mitford. Ïa¶tion (?). [L. Ïationem. See Ïtion.] A suffix forming nouns of action, and often equivalent to the verbal substantive in Ïing. It sometimes has the further meanings of state, and that which results from the action. Many of these nouns have verbs in Ïate; as, alliterate Ïation, narrate Ïation; many are derived through the French; as, alteration, visitation; and many are formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative Ïize (Fr. Ïise); as, civilization, demoralization. AÐtip¶toe (?), adv. One tiptoe; eagerly expecting. We all feel aÏtiptoe with hope and confidence. F. Harrison. Ø AtÏlan¶ta (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Zo”l.) A genus of small glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid ocean. See Heteropod. AtÏlan¶tal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Relating to the atlas. (b) Anterior; cephalic. Barclay. At·lanÏte¶an (?), a. [L. Atlant?us.] 1. Of or pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege was sunk, and overwhelmed by the ocean. 2. Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas; strong. With Atlantean shoulders, fit to bear The weight of mightiest monarchies. Milton. Ø AtÏlan¶tes (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. ?, pl. of ?. See Atlas.] (Arch.) Figures or half figures of men, used as columns to support an entablature; Ð called also telamones. See Caryatides. Oxf. Gloss. AtÏlan¶tic (?), a. [L. Atlanticus, fr. Atlas. See Atlas and Atlantes.] 1. Of or pertaining to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west; as, the Atlantic Ocean (called also the Atlantic); the Atlantic basin; the Atlantic telegraph. 2. Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis. 3. Descended from Atlas. The seven Atlantic sisters. Milton. Ø AtÏlan¶tiÏdes (?), n. pl. [L. See Atlantes.] The Pleiades or seven stars, fabled to have been the daughters of Atlas. At¶las (?), n.; pl. Atlases (?). [L. Atlas, Ïantis, Gr. ?, ?, one of the older family of gods, who bears up the pillars of heaven; also Mt. Atlas, in W. Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root of ? to bear. See Tolerate.] 1. One who sustains a great burden. 2.ÿ(Anat.) The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name. 3. A collection of maps in a volume; Ð supposed to be so called from a picture of ÷ supporting the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th century. 4. A volume of plates illustrating any subject. 5. A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or arrangement; as, an historical atlas. 6. A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; Ð called also atlas folio. 7. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n. ÷ powder, a nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great explosive power. At¶las, n. [Ar., smooth.] A rich kind of satin manufactured in India. Brande & C. At·miÏdom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, smoke, vapor + Ïmeter; cf. F. atmidomŠtre.] An instrument for measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or snow. Brande & C. At¶mo (?), n. [Contr. fr. atmosphere.] (Physics) The standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under which the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature of 00 Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in the latitude of Paris. Sir W. Thomson. At·moÏlog¶ic (?), At·moÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to atmology. ½Atmological laws of heat.¸ Whewell. AtÏmol¶oÏgist (?), n. One who is versed in atmology. AtÏmol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? vapor + Ïlogy.] (Physics) That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of aqueous vapor. Whewell. AtÏmol¶yÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? vapor + ? a loosing, ? to loose.] (Chem.) The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal diffusibility by transmission through porous substances. At·molÏyÏza¶tion , n. (Chem.) Separation by atmolysis. At¶moÏlyze (?), v. t. (Chem.) To subject to atmolysis; to separate by atmolysis. At¶moÏly·zer (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus for effecting atmolysis. AtÏmom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? smoke, vapor + Ïmeter: cf. F. atmomŠtre.] An instrument for measuring the rate of evaporation from a moist surface; an evaporometer. Huxley. At¶mosÏphere (?), n. [Gr. ? vapor (akin to Skr. ¾tman breath, soul, G. athem breath) + ? sphere: cf. F. atmosphŠre. See Sphere.] 1. (Physics) (a) The whole mass of a‰riform fluid surrounding the earth; Ð applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars. (b) Any gaseous envelope or medium. An atmosphere of cold oxygen. Miller. 2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies. Franklin. 3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch. Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 atmospheres. Lubbock. 4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition. The chillest of social atmospheres. Hawthorne. 5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere. At·mosÏpher¶ic (?), At·mosÏpher¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. atmosph‚rique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth. 2. Existing in the atmosphere. The lower atmospheric current. Darwin. 3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine. 4. Dependent on the atmosphere. [R.] In am so atmospherical a creature. Pope. Atmospheric engine, a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder. Tomlinson. Ð Atmospheric line (Steam Engin.), the equilibrium line of an indicator card. Steam is expanded ½down to the atmosphere¸ when its pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See Indicator card.) Ð Atmospheric pressure, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch. Ð Atmospheric railway, one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force. Ð Atmospheric tides. See under Tide. At·mosÏpher¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. In relation to the atmosphere. At·mosÏpheÏrol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Atmosphere + Ïlogy.] The science or a treatise on the atmosphere. At¶oÏkous (?), a. [Gr. ? barren; ? priv. + ? offspring.] (Zo”l.) Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain annelids. AÏtoll¶ (?), n. [The native name in the Indian Ocean.] A coral island or islands, consisting of a belt of coral reef, partly submerged, surrounding a central lagoon or depression; a lagoon island. At¶om (?), n. [L. atomus, Gr. ?, uncut, indivisible; ? priv. + ?, verbal adj. of ? to cut: cf. F. atome. See Tome.] 1. (Physics) (a) An ultimate indivisible particle of matter. (b) An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a molecule. (c) A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be made up of subordinate particles. µ These three definitions correspond to different views of the nature of the ultimate particles of matter. In the case of the last two, the particles are more correctly called molecules. Dana. 2.ÿ(Chem.) The smallest particle of matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule. 3. Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit. There was not an atom of water. Sir J. Ross. At¶om, v. t. To reduce to atoms. [Obs.] Feltham. AÏtom¶ic (?), AÏtom¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. atomique.] 1. Of or pertaining to atoms. 2. Extremely minute; tiny. Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean philosophy. Ð Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions (Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers. Ð Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken as a standard. AÏtom¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an atomic manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy. At·oÏmi¶cian (?), n. An atomist. [R.] AÏtom¶iÏcism (?), n. Atomism. [Obs.] At·oÏmic¶iÏty (?), n. [Cf. F. atomicit‚.] (Chem.) Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See Valence. At¶omÏism (?), n. [Cf. F. atomisme.] The doctrine of atoms. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic. At¶omÏist, n. [Cf. F. atomiste.] One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory. Locke. At·omÏis¶tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism. [R.] It is the object of the mechanical atomistic philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis. Coleridge. At·omÏiÏza¶tion , n. 1. The act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of being so reduced. 2. (Med.) The reduction of fluids into fine spray. At¶omÏize , v. t. To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray. The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized, nebulized, or atomized. Dunglison.

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At¶omÏi·zer , n. One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming. At·omÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Atom + Ïlogy.] The doctrine of atoms. Cudworth. At¶omÏy (?), n. An atom; a mite; a pigmy. At¶oÏmy (?), n. [For anatomy, taken as an atomy.] A skeleton. [Ludicrous] Shak. AÏton¶aÏble (?), a. Admitting an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable. At one¶ (?). [OE. at on, atone, atoon, attone.] 1. In concord or friendship; in agreement (with each other); as, to be, bring, make, or set, at one, i. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or reconciliation. If gentil men, or othere of hir contree Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem atoon. Chaucer. 2. Of the same opinion; agreed; as, on these points we are at one. 3. Together. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏtone¶ (?), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Atoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Atoning.] [From at one, i. e., to be, or cause to be, at one. See At one.] 1. To agree; to be in accordance; to accord. [Obs.] He and Aufidius can no more atone Than violentest contrariety. Shak. 2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime. The murderer fell, and blood atoned for blood. Pope. The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure. Junius. AÏtone¶, v. t. 1. To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease. [Obs.] I would do much To atone them, for the love I bear to Cassio. Shak. 2. To unite in making. [Obs. & R.] The four elements... have atoned A noble league. Ford. 3. To make satisfaction for; to expiate. Or each atone his guilty love with life. Pope. AÏtone¶ment (?), n. 1. (Literally, a setting at one.) Reconciliation; restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord. [Archaic] By whom we have now received the atonement. Rom. v. 11. He desires to make atonement Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers. Shak. 2. Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; expiation; amends; Ð with for. Specifically, in theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal suffering, and death of Christ. When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement be can make for it is, to warn others. Spectator. The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient atonement for their former offense. Potter. AÏton¶er (?), n. One who makes atonement. AtÏones (?), adv. [See At one.] [Obs.] Down he fell atones as a stone. Chaucer. AÏton¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. atonique. See Atony.] 1. (Med.) Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic disease. 2. (Gram.) Unaccented; as, an atonic syllable. 3. Destitute of tone vocality; surd. Rush. AÏton¶ic, n. 1. (Gram.) A word that has no accent. 2. An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced by the breath alone' a nonvocal or surd consonant; a breathing. Rush. 3. (Med.) A remedy capable of allaying organic excitement or irritation. Dunglison. At¶oÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? slackness; ? priv. + ? tone, strength, ? to stretch: cf. F. atonie.] (Med.) Want of tone; weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as are contractile. AÏtop¶ (?), adv. On or at the top. Milton. At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏan (?), At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏous (?), } a. [LL. atrabilarius, fr. L. atra bilis black bile: cf. F. atrabilaire, fr. atrabile.] Affected with melancholy; atrabilious. Arbuthnot. At·raÏbiÏla¶riÏan, n. A person much given to melancholy; a hypochondriac. I. Disraeli. At·raÏbil¶iar (?), a. Melancholy; atrabilious. At·raÏbil¶iaÏry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to atra bilis or black bile, a fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys. 2. Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; Ð from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania. ÷ arteries, capsules, and veins (Anat.), those pertaining to the kidney; Ð called also renal arteries, capsules, and veins. At·raÏbil¶ious (?), a. Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary. Dunglision. A hardÐfaced, atrabilious, earnestÐeyed race. Lowell. He was constitutionally atrabilious and scornful. Froude. At·raÏmenÏta¶ceous (?), a. [L. atramentum ink, fr. ater black.] Black, like ink; inky; atramental. [Obs.] Derham. At·raÏmen¶tal (?), At·raÏmen¶tous (?), } a. Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; as, atramental galls; atramentous spots. At·raÏmenÏta¶riÏous (?), a. [Cf. F. atramentaire. See Atramentaceous.] Like ink; suitable for making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called atramentarious, as being used in making ink. AtÏrede (?), v. t. [OE. at (AS. ‘t) out + rede.] To surpass in council. [Obs.] Men may the olde atrenne, but hat atrede. Chaucer. AtÏrenne¶ (?), v. t. [OE. at + renne to run.] To outrun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø AÏtre¶siÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? not perforated.] (Med.) Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body; imperforation. A¶triÏal , a. Of or pertaining to an atrium. AÏtrip¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + trip.] (Naut.) (a) Just hove clear of the ground; Ðsaid of the anchor. (b) Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and ready for trimming; Ð said of sails. (c) Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; Ð said of yards. Ø A¶triÏum (?), n.; pl. Atria (?). [L., the fore court of a Roman house.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels. (b) An open court with a porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery. 2.ÿ(Anat.) The main part of either auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix. Also, the whole articular portion of the heart. 3.ÿ(Zo”l.) A cavity in ascidians into which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also receives the water from the gills. See Ascidioidea. Ø At·roÏcha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a circle.] (Zo”l.) A kind of ch‘topod larva in which no circles of cilia are developed. AÏtro¶cious (?), a. [L. atrox, atrocis, cruel, fierce: cf. F. atroce.] 1. Extremely heinous; full of enormous wickedness; as, atrocious quilt or deeds. 2. Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity, great atrocity. Revelations... so atrocious that nothing in history approaches them. De Quincey. 3. Very grievous or violent; terrible; as, atrocious distempers. [Obs.] Cheyne. Syn. - Atrocious, Flagitious, Flagrant. Flagitious points to an act as grossly wicked and vile; as, a flagitious proposal. Flagrant marks the vivid impression made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous; as, a flagrant misrepresentation; a flagrant violation of duty. Atrocious represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead of saying ½the atrocious crime of being a young man,¸ had used either of the other two words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson. Ð AÏtro¶ciousÏly, adv. Ð AÏtro¶ciousÏness, n. AÏtroc¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Atrocities (?). [F. atrocit‚, L. atrocitas, fr. atrox, atrocis, cruel.] 1. Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty. 2. An atrocious or extremely cruel deed. The atrocities which attend a victory. Macaulay. AÏtroph¶ic , a. Relating to atrophy. At¶roÏphied (?), p. a. Affected with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a very early stage; rudimentary. At¶roÏphy (?), n. [L. atrophia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to nourish: cf. F. atrophie.] A wasting away from of nourishment; diminution in bull or slow emaciation of the body or of any part. Milton. At¶roÏphy, v. t. [p. p. Atrophied (?).] To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken. At¶roÏphy, v. i. To waste away; to dwindle. AÏtro¶piÏa (?), n. Same as Atropine. At¶roÏpine (?), n. [Gr. ? inflexible; hence ? ?, one of the three Parc‘; ? priv. + ? to turn.] (Chem.) A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine. At¶roÏpism (?), n. (Med.) A condition of the system produced by long use of belladonna. At¶roÏpous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to turn.] (Bot.) Not inverted; orthotropous. A¶trous (?), a. [L. ater.] CoalÐblack; very black. Ø AÏtry¶pa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a hole.] (Paleon.) A extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian limestones. At¶taÏbal (?), n. See Atabal. Ø AtÏtac¶ca (?). [It., fr. attaccare to tie, bind. See Attach.] (Mus.) Attack at once; Ð a direction at the end of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately, without any pause. AtÏtach¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attaching.] [OF. atachier, F. attacher, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt. tac, tach, nail, E. tack a small nail, tack to fasten. Cf. Attack, and see Tack.] 1. To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like. The shoulder blade is... attached only to the muscles. Paley. A huge stone to which the cable was attached. Macaulay. 2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; as, an officer is attached to a certain regiment, company, or ship. 3. To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or selfÐinterest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; Ð with to; as, attached to a friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery. Incapable of attaching a sensible man. Miss Austen. God... by various ties attaches man to man. Cowper. 4. To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to affix; Ð with to; as, to attach great importance to a particular circumstance. Top this treasure a curse is attached. Bayard Taylor. 5. To take, seize, or lay hold of. [Obs.] Shak. 6. To take by legal authority: (a) To arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; Ð applied to a taking of the person by a civil process; being now rarely used for the arrest of a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See Attachment, 4. The earl marshal attached Gloucester for high treason. Miss Yonge. Attached column (Arch.), a column engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference projects from it. Syn. - To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate. AtÏtach¶ (?), v. i. 1. To adhere; to be attached. The great interest which attaches to the mere knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted. Brougham. 2. To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest; as, dower will attach. Cooley. AtÏtach¶, n. An attachment. [Obs.] Pope. AtÏtach¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or precept. Ø At·taÏch‚¶ (?), n. [F., p. p. of attacher. See Attach, v. t.] One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy. AtÏtach¶ment (?), n. [F. attachment.] 1. The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; an? passion of affection that binds a person; as, an attachment to a friend, or to a party. 2. That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; as, to cut the attachments of a muscle. The human mind... has exhausted its forces in the endeavor to rend the supernatural from its attachment to this history. I. Taylor. 3 Something attached; some adjunct attached to an instrument, machine, or other object; as, a sewing machine attachment (i. e., a device attached to a sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking, etc.). 4. (Giv. Law) (a) A seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process. (b) The writ or percept commanding such seizure or taking. µ The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of persons or property. In the serving of process in a civil suit, it is most generally applied to the taking of property, whether at common law, as a species of distress, to compel defendant's appearance, or under local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover in the action. The terms attachment and arrest are both applied to the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance in a civil action. Attachment are issued at common law and is chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In England, attachment is employed in some cases where capias is with us, as against a witness who fails to appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of attachment is a species of mesne process upon which the property of a defendant may be saized at the commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and those who conceal themselves. See Foreign, Garnishment, Truster process. Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone. Syn. - Attachment, Affection. The leading idea of affection is that of warmth and tenderness; the leading idea of attachment is that of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in affection, and more of principle in preserving attachment. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use and application of these words. The term attachment is applied to a wider range of objects than affection. A man may have a strong attachment to his country, to his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places; in respect to none of these could we use the word affection. AtÏtack¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attacking.] [F. attaquer, orig. another form of attacher to ~: cf. It. attacare to fasten, ~. See Attach, Tack a small nail.] 1. To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault. ½Attack their lines.¸ Dryden. 2. To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; as, to attack a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet. 3. To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some object of labor or investigation. 4. To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste. On the fourth of March he was attacked by fever. Macaulay. Hydrofluoric acid... attacks the glass. B. Stewart. Syn. - To Attack, Assail, Assault, Invade. These words all denote a violent onset; attack being the generic term, and the others specific forms of attack. To attack is to commence the onset; to assail is to make a sudden and violent ~, or to make repeated attacks; to assault (literally, to leap upon) is to ~ physically by a hadÐtoÐhand approach or by unlawful and insulting violence; to invade is to enter by force on what belongs to another. Thus, a person may attack by offering violence of any kind; he may assail by means of missile weapons; he may assault by direct personal violence; a king may invade by marching an army into a country. Figuratively, we may say, men attack with argument or satire; they assail with abuse or reproaches; they may be assaulted by severe temptations; the rights of the people may be invaded by the encroachments of the crown. AtÏtack¶, v. i. To make an onset or ~. AtÏtack¶, n. [Cf. F. attaque.] 1. The act of attacking, or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; Ð opposed to defense. 2. An assault upon one's feelings or reputation with unfriendly or bitter words. 3. A setting to work upon some task, etc. 4. An access of disease; a fit of sickness. 5. The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or destructive action, by a chemical agent. AtÏtack¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attacked. AtÏtack¶er (?), n. One who attacks. At¶taÏgas (?), At¶taÏgen (?), } n. [L. attagen a kind of bird, Gr. ?, ?.] (Zo”l.) A species of sand grouse (Syrrghaptes Pallasii) found in Asia and rarely in southern Europe.

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At¶taÏghan (?), n. See Yataghan. AtÏtain¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attaining.] [Of. atteinen, atteignen, ?tainen, OF. ateindre, ataindre, F. atteindre, fr. L. attingere; ad + tangere to touch, reach. See Tangent, and cf. Attinge, Attaint.] 1. To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain; to compass; as, to attain rest. Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the means? Abp. Tillotson. 2. To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire. [Obs. with a material object.] Chaucer. 3. To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain. [Obs.] Not well attaining his meaning. Fuller. 4. To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at. ½Canaan he now attains.¸ Milton. 5. To overtake. [Obs.] Bacon. 6. To reach in excellence or degree; to equal. Syn. - To Attain, Obtain, Procure. Attain always implies an effort toward an object. Hence it is not synonymous with obtain and procure, which do not necessarily imply such effort or motion. We procure or obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but we do not attain it by such means. AtÏtain¶, v. i. 1. To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach. If by any means they might attain to Phenice. Acts xxvii. 12. Nor nearer might the dogs attain. Sir W. Scott. To see your trees attain to the dignity of timber. Cowper. Few boroughs had as yet attained to power such as this. J. R. Green. 2. To come or arrive, by an effort of mind. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not attain unto it. Ps. cxxxix. 6. AtÏtain¶, n. Attainment. [Obs.] AtÏtain·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being attainable; attainbleness. AtÏtain¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind or body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts directed to the object. The highest pitch of perfection attainable in this life. Addison. 2. Obtainable. [Obs.] General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles [clothes and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not attainable in the country. Marshall. AtÏtain¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being attainable; attainability. AtÏtain¶der (?), n. [OF. ataindre, ateindre, to accuse, convict. Attainder is often erroneously referred to F. teindre tie stain. See Attaint, Attain.] 1. The act of attainting, or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of death or outlawry; as, an act of attainder. Abbott. µ Formerly attainder was the inseparable consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the real and personal property of the condemned person, and such ½corruption of blood¸ that he could neither receive nor transmit by inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any court, or claim any legal protection or rights. In England attainders are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution provides that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no attainder of treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence) shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 2. A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor or condemnation. [Obs.] He lived from all attainder of suspect. Shak. Bill of ~, a bill brought into, or passed by, a legislative body, condemning a person to death or outlawry, and ~, without judicial sentence. AtÏtain¶ment (?), n. 1. The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence, the act of obtaining by efforts. The attainment of every desired object. Sir W. Jones. 2. That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquirement; acquisition; (pl.), mental acquirements; knowledge; as, literary and scientific attainments. AtÏtaint¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attainting.] [OE. atteynten to convict, fr. atteynt, OF. ateint, p. p. of ateindre, ataindre. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were influenced by a supposed connection with taint. See Attain, Attainder.] 1. To attain; to get act; to hit. [Obs.] 2. (Old Law) To find guilty; to convict; Ð said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict. [Obs.] Upon sufficient proof attainted of some open act by men of his own condition. Blackstone. 3. (Law) To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or felony; to affect by attainder. No person shall be attainted of high treason where corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two witnesses. Stat. 7 & 8 Wm. III. 4. To accuse; to charge with a crime or a dishonorable act. [Archaic] 5. To affect or infect, as with physical or mental disease or with moral contagion; to taint or corrupt. My tender youth was never yet attaint With any passion of inflaming love. Shak. 6. To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to cloud with infamy. For so exceeding shone his glistring ray, That Ph?bus' golden face it did attaint. Spenser. Lest she with blame her honor should attaint. Spenser. AtÏtaint¶, p. p. Attainted; corrupted. [Obs.] Shak. AtÏtaint¶, n. [OF. attainte. See Attaint, v.] 1. A touch or hit. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Far.) A blow or wound on the leg of a horse, made by overreaching. White. 3. (Law) A writ which lies after judgment, to inquire whether a jury has given a false verdict in any court of record; also, the convicting of the jury so tried. Bouvier. 4. A stain or taint; disgrace. See Taint. Shak. 5. An infecting influence. [R.] Shak. AtÏtain¶ment (?), n. Attainder; attainture; conviction. AtÏtain¶ture (?), n. Attainder; disgrace. At¶tal (?), n. Same as Attle. AtÏtame¶ (?), v. t. [OF. atamer, from Latin. See Attaminate.] 1. To pierce; to attack. [Obs.] 2. To broach; to begin. And right anon his tale he hath attamed. Chaucer. AtÏtam¶iÏnate (?), v. t. [L. attaminare; ad + root of tangere. See Contaminate.] To corrupt; to defile; to contaminate. [Obs.] Blount. At¶tar (?), n. [Per. 'atar perfume, essence, Ar. 'itr, fr. 'atara to smell sweet. Cf. Otto.] A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly fragrant essential oil obtained from the petals of roses. [Also written otto and ottar.] AtÏtask¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + task.] To take to task; to blame. Shak. AtÏtaste (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + taste.] To taste or cause to taste. [Obs.] Chaucer. At¶te (?). At the. [Obs.] Chaucer. AtÏtem¶per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attempering.] [OF. atemprer, fr. L. attemperare; ad + temperare to soften, temper. See Temper, and cf. Attemperate.] 1. To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to regulate, as temperature. If sweet with bitter... were not attempered still. Trench. 2. To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to temper; as, to attemper rigid justice with clemency. 3. To mix in just proportion; to regulate; as, a mind well attempered with kindness and justice. 4. To accommodate; to make suitable; to adapt. Arts... attempered to the lyre. Pope. µ This word is now not much used, the verb temper taking its place. AtÏtem¶perÏaÏment (?), n. [OF. attemprement.] A tempering, or mixing in due proportion. AtÏtem¶perÏance (?), n. [Cf. OF. atemprance.] Temperance; attemperament. [Obs.] Chaucer. AtÏtem¶perÏate (?), a. [L. attemperatus, p. p. of attemperare. See Attemper.] Tempered; proportioned; properly adapted. Hope must be... attemperate to the promise. Hammond. AtÏtem¶perÏate (?), v. t. To attemper. [Archaic] AtÏtem·perÏa¶tion (?), n. The act of attempering or regulating. [Archaic] Bacon. AtÏtem¶perÏly, adv. Temperately. [Obs.] Chaucer. AtÏtem¶perÏment (?), n. Attemperament. AtÏtempt¶ (?; 215), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attempting.] [OF. atenter, also spelt atempter, F. attenter, fr. L. attentare to ~; ad + tentare, temptare, to touch, try, v. intens. of tendere to stretch. See Tempt, and cf. Attend.] 1. To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some action); to assay; as, to attempt to sing; to attempt a bold flight. Something attempted, something done, Has earned a night's repose. Longfellow. 2. To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to tempt. [Obs. or Archaic]] It made the laughter of an afternoon That Vivien should attempt the blameless king. Thackeray. 3. To try to win, subdue, or overcome; as, one who attempts the virtue of a woman. Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further: Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute. Shak. 4. To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force; as, to attempt the enemy's camp. Without attempting his adversary's life. Motley. Syn. - See Try. AtÐtempt¶, v. i. To make an ~; Ð with upon. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AtÏtempt¶, n. A essay, trial, or endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an effort to gain a point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a successful, effort. By his blindness maimed for high attempts. Milton. Attempt to commit a crime (Law), such an intentional preparatory act as will apparently result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime which it was designed to effect. Wharton. Syn. - Attempt, Endeavor, Effort, Exertion, Trial. These words agree in the idea of calling forth our powers into action. Trial is the generic term; it denotes a putting forth of one's powers with a view to determine what they can accomplish; as, to make trial of one's strength. An attempt is always directed to some definite and specific object; as, ½The attempt, and not the deed, confounds us.¸ Shak. Am endeavor is a continued ~; as, ½His high endeavor and his glad success.¸ Cowper. Effort is a specific putting forth of strength in order to carry out an ~. Exertion is the putting forth or active exercise of any faculty or power. ½It admits of all degrees of effort and even natural action without effort.¸ C. J. Smith. See Try. AtÏtemp¶aÏble (?), a.ÿCapable of being attempted, tried, or attacked. Shak. AtÏtemp¶er (?; 215), n. 1. One who attempts; one who essays anything. 2. An assailant; also, a temper. [Obs.] AtÏtempt¶ive (?), a. Disposed to attempt; adventurous. [Obs.] Daniel. AtÏtend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attended; p. pr. & vb. n. Attending.] [OE. atenden, OF. atendre, F. attendre, to expect, to wait, fr. L. attendre to stretch, (sc. animum), to apply the mind to; ad + tendere to stretch. See Tend.] 1. To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard. [Obs.] The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not attend the unskillful words of the passenger. Sir P. Sidney. 2. To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over. 3. To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit professionally, as a physician; to accompany or follow in order to do service; to escort; to wait on; to serve. The fifth had charge sick persons to attend. Spenser. Attends the emperor in his royal court. Shak. With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to attend William thither. Macaulay. 4. To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to; as, a measure attended with ill effects. What cares must then attend the toiling swain. Dryden. 5. To be present at; as, to attend church, school, a concert, a business meeting. 6. To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be in store for. [Obs.] The state that attends all men after this. Locke. Three days I promised to attend my doom. Dryden.

Syn. - To Attend, Mind, Regard, Heed, Notice. Attend is generic, the rest are specific terms. To mind is to ~ so that it may not be forgotten; to regard is to look on a thing as of importance; to heed is to ~ to a thing from a principle of caution; to notice is to think on that which strikes the senses. Crabb. See Accompany. AtÏtend¶ (?), v. i. 1. To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to perceive, understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to listen; Ð usually followed by to. Attend to the voice of my supplications. Ps. lxxxvi. 6. Man can not at the same time attend to two objects. Jer. Taylor. 2. To accompany or be present or near at hand, in pursuance of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in waiting; Ð often followed by on or upon. He was required to attend upon the committee. Clarendon. 3. (with to) To take charge of; to look after; as, to attend to a matter of business. 4. To wait; to stay; to delay. [Obs.] For this perfection she must yet attend, Till to her Maker she espoused be. Sir J. Davies. Syn. - To Attend, Listen, Hearken. We attend with a view to hear and learn; we listen with fixed attention, in order to hear correctly, or to consider what has been said; we hearken when we listen with a willing mind, and in reference to obeying. AtÏtend¶ance (?), n. [OE. attendance, OF. atendance, fr. atendre, F. attendre. See Attend, v. t.] 1. Attention; regard; careful application. [Obs.] Till I come, give attendance to reading. 1 Tim. iv. 13. 2. The act of attending; state of being in waiting; service; ministry; the fact of being present; presence. Constant attendance at church three times a day. Fielding. 3. Waiting for; expectation. [Obs.] Languishing attendance and expectation of death. Hooker. 4. The persons attending; a retinue; attendants. If your stray attendance by yet lodged. Milton. AtÏtend¶anÏcy (?), n. The quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an attendant. [Obs.] AtÏtend¶ant (?), a. [F. attendant, p. pr. of attendre. See Attend, v. t.] 1. Being present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting. From the attendant flotilla rang notes triumph. Sir W. Scott. Cherub and Seraph... attendant on their Lord. Milton. 2. Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as consequential; consequent; as, intemperance with all its attendant evils. The natural melancholy attendant upon his situation added to the gloom of the owner of the mansion. Sir W. Scott. 3. (Law) Depending on, or owing duty or service to; as, the widow attendant to the heir. Cowell. Attendant keys (Mus.), the keys or scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant, its fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative minor or major. AtÏtend¶ant, n. 1. One who attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a friend, companion, servant, agent, or suitor. ½A train of attendants.¸ Hallam. 2. One who is present and takes part in the proceedings; as, an attendant at a meeting. 3. That which accompanies; a concomitant. [A] sense of fame, the attendant of noble spirits. Pope. 4. (Law) One who owes duty or service to, or depends on, another. Cowell. AtÏtend¶eÏment (?), n. Intent. [Obs.] Spenser. AtÏtend¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, attends. AtÏtend¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. atendement.] An attendant circumstance. [Obs.] The uncomfortable attendments of hell. Sir T. Browne. AtÏtent¶ (?), a. [L. attentus, p. p. of attendere. See Attend, v. t.] Attentive; heedful. [Archaic] Let thine ears be attent unto the prayer. 2 Chron. vi. 40. AtÏtent¶, n. Attention; heed. [Obs.] Spenser. AtÏten¶tate (?), AtÏten¶tat (?), } n. [L. attentatum, pl. attentata, fr. attentare to attempt: cf. F. attentat criminal attempt. See Attempt.] 1. An attempt; an assault. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (Law) (a) A proceeding in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed. (b) Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a suit by an inferior judge. AtÏten¶tion (?), n. [L. attentio: cf. F. attention.] 1. The act or state of attending or heeding; the application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought; notice; exclusive or special consideration; earnest consideration, thought, or regard; obedient or affectionate heed; the supposed power or faculty of attending.

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They say the tongues of dying men Enforce attention like deep harmony. Shak. µ Attention is consciousness and something more. It is consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of limitations, to some determinate object; it is consciousness concentrated. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. An act of civility or courtesy; care for the comfort and pleasure of others; as, attentions paid to a stranger. To pay attention to, To pay one's attentions to, or courteous or attentive to; to wait upon as a lover; to court. Syn. - Care; heed; study; consideration; application; advertence; respect; regard. AtÏten¶tive (?), a. [Cf. F. attentif.] 1. Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care or attention. µ Attentive is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as, an attentive ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a person is attentive to the words, and to the manner and matter, of a speaker at the same time. 2. Heedful of the comfort of others; courteous. Syn. - Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; circumspect; watchful. Ð AtÏten¶tiveÏly, adv. Ð AtÏten¶tiveÏness, n. AtÏtent¶ly, adv. Attentively. [Obs.] Barrow. AtÏten¶uÏant (?), a. [L. attenuans, p. pr. of attenuare: cf. F. att‚nuant. See Attenuate.] Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and viscid; diluent. Ð n. (Med.) A medicine that thins or dilutes the fluids; a diluent. AtÏten¶uÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attenuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attenuating (?).] [L. attenuatus, p. p. of attenuare; ad + tenuare to make thin, tenuis thin. See Thin.] 1. To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease, etc., upon living bodies. 2. To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts. 3. To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less complex; to weaken. To undersell our rivals... has led the manufacturer to... attenuate his processes, in the allotment of tasks, to an extreme point. I. Taylor. We may reject and reject till we attenuate history into sapless meagerness. Sir F. Palgrave. AtÏten¶uÏate, v. i. To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen. The attention attenuates as its sphere contracts. Coleridge. AtÏten¶uÏate (?), AtÏten¶uÏa·ted (?), } a. [L. attenuatus, p. p.] 1. Made thin or slender. 2. Made thin or less viscid; rarefied. Bacon. AtÏten·uÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. attenuatio: cf. F. att‚nuation.] 1. The act or process of making slender, or the state of being slender; emaciation. 2. The act of attenuating; the act of making thin or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases. 3. The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence; as, the attenuation of virus. At¶ter (?), n. [AS. ?tter.] Poison; venom; corrupt matter from a sore. [Obs.] Holland. At¶terÏcop (?), n. [AS. attercoppa a spider; ?tter poison + coppa head, cup.] 1. A spider. [Obs.] 2. A peevish, illÐnatured person. [North of Eng.] AtÏterÏrate (?), v. t. [It. atterrare (cf. LL. atterrare to cast to earth); L. ad + terra earth, land.] To fill up with alluvial earth. [Obs.] Ray. At·terÏra¶tion (?), n. The act of filling up with earth, or of forming land with alluvial earth. [Obs.] At¶test¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attested; p. pr. & vb. n. Attesting.] [L. attestari; ad + testari to bear witness: cf. F. attester.] 1. To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record. Facts... attested by particular pagan authors. Addison. 2. To give proof of; to manifest; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest its ancient magnificence. 3. To call to witness; to invoke. [Archaic] The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state Attests in oaths, and fears to violate. Dryden. AtÏtest¶, n. Witness; testimony; attestation. [R.] The attest of eyes and ears. Shak. At·tesÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. attestatio: cf. F. attestation.] The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact; evidence. The truth appears from the attestation of witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name to a writing as a witness, is an attestation. AtÏtest¶aÏtive (?), a. Of the nature of attestation. AtÏtest¶er (?), AtÏtest¶or (?), } n. One who attests. AtÏtest¶ive (?), a. Attesting; furnishing evidence. At¶tic (?), a. [L. Atticus, Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined. ÷ base 9Arch.), a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and ½Roman Doric¸ orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance. Ð Attic faith, inviolable faith. Ð Attic purity, special purity of language. Ð Attic salt, Attic wit, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians. Ð Attic story. See Attic, n. Ð Attic style, a style pure and elegant. At¶tic, n. [In sense (a) from F. attique, orig. meaning Attic. See Attic, a.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the classical styles; Ð a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence: (b) A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof. 2. An Athenian; am Athenian author. At¶ticÏal (?), a. Attic. [Obs.] Hammond. At¶tiÏcism (?), n. [Gr. ?.] 1. A favoring of, or attachment to, the Athenians. 2. The style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians; a concise and elegant expression. At¶tiÏcize (?), v. t. [Gr. ?.] To conform or make conformable to the language, customs, etc., of Attica. At¶tiÏcize, v. i. 1. To side with the Athenians. 2. To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians. AtÏtig¶uÏous (?), a. [L. attiguus, fr. attingere to touch. See Attain.] Touching; bordering; contiguous. [Obs.] Ð AtÏtig¶uÏousÏness, n.ÿ[Obs.] AtÏtinge¶ (?), v. t. [L. attingere to touch. See Attain.] To touch lightly. [Obs.] Coles. AtÏtire¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Attiring.] [OE. atiren to array, dispose, arrange, OF. atirier; … (L. ad) + F. tire rank, order, row; of Ger. origin: cf. As. tier row, OHG. ziarÆ, G. zier, ornament, zieren to adorn. Cf. Tire a headdress.] To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments. Finely attired in a robe of white. Shak. With the linen miter shall he be attired. Lev. xvi. 4. AtÏtire¶, n. 1. Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental clothing. Earth in her rich attire. Milton. I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire. Shak. Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her attire? Jer. ii. 32. 2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck. 3. (Bot.) The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and the corolla. [Obs.] Johnson. AtÏtired¶ (?), p. p. (Her.) Provided with antlers, as a stag. AtÏtire¶ment (?), n. Attire; adornment. AtÏtir¶er (?), n. One who attires. At¶tiÏtude (?), n. [It. attitudine, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus suited, fitted: cf. F. attitude. Cf. Aptitude.] 1. (Paint. & Sculp.) The posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue. 2. The posture or position of a person or an animal, or the manner in which the parts of his body are disposed; position assumed or studied to serve a purpose; as, a threatening attitude; an attitude of entreaty. 3. Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or mood; as, in times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm attitude; one's mental attitude in respect to religion. The attitude of the country was rapidly changing. J. R. Green. To strike an attitude, to take an ~ for mere effect. Syn. - Attitude, Posture. Both of these words describe the visible disposition of the limbs. Posture relates to their position merely; attitude refers to their fitness for some specific object. The object of an attitude is to set forth exhibit some internal feeling; as, attitude of wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc. It is, therefore, essentially and designedly expressive. Its object is the same with that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent. Posture has no such design. If we speak of posture in prayer, or the posture of devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs, without any intention to show forth or exhibit. 'T is business of a painter in his choice of attitudes (positur‘) to foresee the effect and harmony of the lights and shadows. Dryden. Never to keep the body in the same posture half and hour at a time. Bacon. At·tiÏtu¶diÏnal (?), a. Relating to attitude. At·tiÏtu·diÏna¶riÏan (?), n. One who attitudinizes; a posture maker. At·tiÏtu·diÏna¶riÏanÏism (?), n. A practicing of attitudes; posture making. At·tiÏtu¶diÏnize (?), v. i. To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose. Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to attitudinize at the harp. Hannah More. At·tiÏtu¶diÏni·zer (?), n One who practices attitudes. At¶tle (?), n. [Cf. Addle mire.] (Mining) Rubbish or refuse consisting of broken rock containing little or no ore. Weale. AtÏtol¶lent (?), a. [L. attollens, p. pr. of attollere; ad + tollere to lift.] Lifting up; raising; as, an attollent muscle. Derham. AtÏtonce¶ (?), adv. [At + once.] At once; together. [Obs.] Spenser. AtÏtone¶ (?), adv. See At one. [Obs.] AtÏtorn¶ (?), v. i. [OF. atorner, aturner, atourner, to direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. atornen to return, adorn); ? (L. ad) + torner to turn; cf. LL. attornare to commit business to another, to attorn; ad + tornare to turn, L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to round off. See Turn, v. t.] 1. (Feudal Law) To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon the alienation of the state. Blackstone. 2. (Modern Law) To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted. AtÏtor¶ney (?), n. pl. Attorneys (?). [OE. aturneye, OF. atorn‚, p. p. of atorner: cf. LL. atturnatus, attornatus, fr. attornare. See Attorn.] 1. A substitute; a proxy; an agent. [Obs.] And will have no attorney but myself. Shak. 2. (Law) (a) One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business for him; an attorney in fact. (b) A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings; an attorney at law. µ An ~ is either public or private. A private attorney, or an attorney in fact, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or power of ~, to transact any business for him out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in any business, or to do any act in pais, for another. A public attorney, or attorney at law, is a practitioner in a court of law, legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on the retainer of clients. Bouvier. Ð The attorney at law to the procurator of the civilians, to the solicitor in chancery, and to the proctor in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are comprehended under the more general term lawyer. In Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute called solicitors. A power, or warrant, of ~, a written authority from one person empowering another transact business for him. AtÏtor¶ney (?), v. t. To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Obs.] Shak. AtÏtor¶neyÐgen¶erÏal (?), n.; pl. AttorneyÐgenerals (?) or AttorneysÐgeneral. (Law) The chief law officer of the state, empowered to act in all litigation in which the lawÐexecuting power is a party, and to advise this supreme executive whenever required. Wharton. AtÏtor¶neyÏism (?), n. The practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys. AtÏtor¶neyÏship, n. The office or profession of an attorney; agency for another. Shak. AtÏtorn¶ment (?), n. [OF. attornement, LL. attornamentum. See Attorn.] (Law) The act of a feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, ad transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his landlord. Burrill. Blackstone. AtÏtract¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attracting.] [L. attractus, p. p. of attrahere; ad + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t.] 1. To draw to, or cause to tend to; esp. to cause to approach, adhere, or combine; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition. All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually attract themselves and one another. Derham. 2. To draw by influence of a moral or emotional kind; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure; as, to attract admirers. Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. Milton. Syn. - To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence. AtÏtract¶, n. Attraction. [Obs.] Hudibras. AtÏtract·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality or fact of being attractable. Sir W. Jones. AtÏtract¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being attracted; subject to attraction. Ð AtÏtract¶aÏbleÏness, n. AtÏtract¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, attracts. AtÏtract¶ile (?), a. Having power to attract. AtÏtract¶ing, a. That attracts. Ð AtÏtract¶ingÏly, adv. AtÏtrac¶tion (?), n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.] 1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it drawn anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation. µ Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensibleÿdistances, and is variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena. Under ~ at sensible distances, there are, Ð (1.) ÷ of gravitation, which acts at all distances throughout the universe, with a force proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.) Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property dependent on the quality or condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under ~ at insensible distances, there are. Ð (1.) Adhesive attraction, ~ between surfaces of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance. (2.) Cohesive attraction, ~ between ultimate particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the process of solidification or crystallization. The power in adhesive ~ is strictly the same as that of cohesion. (3.) Capillary attraction, ~ causing a liquid to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a special case of cohesive ~. (4.) Chemical attraction, or affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules. 2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power or operation of ~. Newton. 3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of beauty or eloquence. 4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature. Syn. - Allurement; enticement; charm. AtÏtract¶ive (?), a. [Cf. F. attractif.] 1.ÿHaving the power or quality of attracting or drawing; as, the attractive force of bodies. Sir I. Newton. 2. Attracting or drawing by moral influence or pleasurable emotion; alluring; inviting; pleasing. ½Attractive graces.¸ Milton. ½Attractive eyes.¸ Thackeray. Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most attractive to flies. Lubbock. Ð AtÏtract¶iveÏly, adv. Ð AtÏtract¶iveÏness, n. AtÏtract¶ive, n. That which attracts or draws; an attraction; an allurement. Speaks nothing but attractives and invitation. South.

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