Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1st 100 Pages) (part 2 of 3)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1st 100 Pages) (part 2 of 3)

µ In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all too much, all so long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive. 2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.] All as his straying flock he fed. Spenser. A damsel lay deploring All on a rock reclined. Gay. All to, or AllÐto. In such phrases as ½all to rent,¸ all to break,¸ ½allÐto frozen,¸ etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old authors, the all and the to have commonly been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to entirely, completely, altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word all (as it does in ½all forlorn,¸ and similar expressions), and the to properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG. terÏ, HG. zerÏ). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif says, ½The vail of the temple was to rent:¸ and of Judas, ½He was hanged and toÐburst the middle:¸ i. e., burst in two, or asunder. Ð All along. See under Along. Ð All and some, individually and collectively, one and all. [Obs.] ½Displeased all and some.¸ Fairfax. Ð All but. (a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.] Shak. (b) Almost; nearly.½The fine arts were all but proscribed.¸ Macaulay. Ð All hollow, entirely, completely; as, to beat any one all hollow. [Low] Ð All one, the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same thing. Ð All over, over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all over. [Colloq.] Ð All the better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference. Ð All the same, nevertheless. ½There they [certain phenomena] remain rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or not.¸ J. C. Shairp. ½But Rugby is a very nice place all the same.¸ T. Arnold. Ð See also under All, n. All (?), n. The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; as, our all is at stake. Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak. All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 43. All is used with of, like a partitive; as, all of a thing, all of us. After all, after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless. Ð All in all, a phrase which signifies all things to a person, or everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly; altogether. Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever. Milton.

Trust me not at all, or all in all. Tennyson.

All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake. Ð All told, all counted; in all. Ð And all, and the rest; and everything connected. ½Bring our crown and all.¸ Shak. Ð At all. (a) In every respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] ½She is a shrew at al(l).¸ Chaucer. (b) A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in any way or respect; in the least degree or to the least extent; in the least; under any circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has he any property at all? ½Nothing at all.¸ Shak. ½It thy father at all miss me.¸ 1 Sam. xx. 6. Ð Over ~, everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer. µ All is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in almighty, already, always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, allÐbountiful, allÐglorious, allimportant, allÐsurrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, allpower, allÐgiver. Anciently many words, as, alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded with all, which are now written separately. All, conj. [Orig. all, adv., wholly: used with though or if, which being dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the sense although.] Although; albeit. [Obs.] All they were wondrous loth. Spenser. Ø Al·la bre¶ve (?). [It., according to the breve.] (Old Church Music) With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; Ð indicated in the time signature by ?. Ø Al¶lah (?), n. [Ar., contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.] The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally. All·ÐaÐmort¶ (?), a. See Alamort. Al¶lanÏite (?), n. [From T. Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.] (min.) A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and composition. Al·lanÏto¶ic (?)(?), a. [Cf. F. allanto‹que.] Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois. Allantoic acid. (Chem.) See Allantoin. AlÏlan¶toid (?), Al·lanÏtoid¶al (?), } a. [Gr. ? shaped like a sausage; ? sausage + ? form.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the allantois. Ø Al·lanÏtoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals. AlÏlan¶toÏin (?), n. (Chem.) A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; Ð formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic acid. { Ø AlÏlan¶toÏis (?)(?), AlÏlan¶toid (?), } n. (Anat.) A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, Ð in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle. Al¶laÏtrate (?), v. i. [L. allatrare. See Latrate.] To bark as a dog. [Obs.] Stubbes. AlÏlay¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Allaying.] [OE. alaien, aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to, AS. ¾lecgan; ¾Ï (cf. Goth. usÏ, G. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of allege, alloy, alegge. See Lay.] 1. To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the passions. 2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity. It would allay the burning quality of that fell poison. Shak. Syn. - To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See Alleviate. AlÏlay¶ (?), v. t. To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside. ½When the rage allays.¸ Shak. AlÏlay¶, n. Alleviation; abatement; check. [Obs.] AlÏlay¶, n. Alloy. [Obs.] Chaucer. AlÏlay¶, v. t. To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate. [Archaic] Fuller. AlÏlay¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, allays. AlÏlay¶ment (?), n. An allaying; that which allays; mitigation. [Obs.] The like allayment could I give my grief. Shak. Al¶leÏcret (?), n. [OF. alecret, halecret, hallecret.] A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss. Fairholt. AlÏlect¶ (?), v. t. [L. allectare, freq. of allicere, allectum.] To allure; to entice. [Obs.] Al·lecÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. allectatio.] Enticement; allurement. [Obs.] Bailey. AlÏlec¶tive (?), a. [LL. allectivus.] Alluring. [Obs.] AlÏlec¶tive, n. Allurement. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. AlÏledge¶ (?)(?), v. t. See Allege. [Obs.] µ This spelling, corresponding to abridge, was once the prevailing one. Al·leÏga¶tion (?), n. [L. allegatio, fr. allegare, allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf. Allege and Adlegation.] 1. The act of alleging or positively asserting. 2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared; positive assertion; formal averment I thought their allegation but reasonable. Steele. 3. (Law) A statement by a party of what he undertakes to prove, Ð usually applied to each separate averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved. AlÏlege¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alleging.] [OE. aleggen to bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy, prop. to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL. exlitigare; L. ex + litigare to quarrel, sue (see Litigate). The word was confused with L. allegare (see Allegation), and lex law. Cf. Allay.] 1. To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to allege a fact. 2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the authority of a judge. [Archaic] 3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution against lending. Syn. - To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate. AlÏlege¶, v. t. [See Allay.] To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble. [Obs.] Wyclif. AlÏlege¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being alleged or affirmed. The most authentic examples allegeable in the case. South. AlÏlege¶ance (?), n. Allegation. [Obs.] AlÏlege¶ment (?), n. Allegation. [Obs.] With many complaints and allegements. Bp. Sanderson. AlÏleg¶er (?), n. One who affirms or declares. AlÏlegge¶ (?), v. t. See Alegge and Allay. [Obs.] AlÏle¶giance (?), n. [OE. alegeaunce; pref. aÏ + OF. lige, liege. The meaning was influenced by L. ligare to bind, and even by lex, legis, law. See Liege, Ligeance.] 1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state. 2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science. Syn. - Loyalty; fealty. Ð Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the ½powers that be.¸ Allegiance is an obligation to a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warmÐhearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her allegiance. In cases where we personify, loyalty is more commonly the word used; as, loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion, etc. Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me! Shak. So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found,... Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton.

AlÏle¶giant (?), a. Loyal. Shak. Al·leÏgor¶ic (?), Al·leÏgor¶icÏal (?), } a. [F. all‚gorique, L. allegorius, fr. Gr. ?. See Allegory.] Belonging to, or consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing by resemblances; figurative. ½An allegoric tale.¸ Falconer. ½An allegorical application.¸ Pope. Allegorical being... that kind of language which says one thing, but means another. Max Miller. Ð Al·leÏgor¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ð Al·leÏgor¶icÏalÏness, n. Al¶leÏgoÏrist (?), n. [Cf. F. allegoriste.] One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory. Hume. Al·leÏgor¶iÏza¶tion (?), n. The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an allegorical sense. Al¶leÏgoÏrize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allegorized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Allegorizing.] [Cf. F. all‚goriser, fr. L. allegorizare.] 1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history of a people. 2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to allegorize it. Al¶leÏgoÏrize, v. t. To use allegory. Holland. Al¶leÏgoÏri·zer (?), n. One who allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist. Al¶leÏgoÏry (?), n.; pl. Allegories (?). [L. allegoria, Gr. ?, description of one thing under the image of another; ? other + ? to speak in the assembly, harangue, ? place of assembly, fr. ? to assemble: cf. F. all‚gorie.] 1. A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject. 2. Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem. 3. (Paint. & Sculpt.) A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured. Syn. - Metaphor; fable. Ð Allegory, Parable. ½An allegory differs both from fable and parable, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were transferred. ...A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some historical personage is an allegory. ½I am the Vine, ye are the branches¸ [John xv. 1Ð6] is a spoken allegory. In the parable there is no transference of properties. The parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3Ð23] represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ and Hi? apostles and disciples.¸ C. J. Smith. An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's ½Pilgrim's Progress¸ and Spenser's ½Fa‰rie Queene¸ are celebrated examples of the allegory. Ø Al·le·gresse¶ (?), n. [F. all‚gresse, fr. L. alacer sprightly.] Joy; gladsomeness. Ø Al·leÏgret¶to (?), a. [It., dim. of allegro.] (Mus.) Quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro. Ð n. A movement in this time. Ø AlÏle¶gro (?), a. [It., merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf. Aleger.] (Mus.) Brisk, lively. Ð n. An ~ movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece. Al·leÏlu¶is, Al·leÏlu¶iah } (?), n. [L. alleluia, Gr. ?, fr. Heb. hall?l?Ðy¾h. See Hallelujah.] An exclamation signifying Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See Hallelujah, the commoner form. I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia. Rev. xix. 1. Ø Al¶leÏmande¶ (?), n. [F., fr. allemand German.] 1. (Mus.) A dance in moderate twofold time, invented by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; Ð now mostly found in suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel. 2. A figure in dancing. Al·leÏman¶nic (?), a. See Alemannic. AlÏlen¶arÏly (?), adv. [All + anerly singly, fr. ane one.] Solely; only. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Al¶ler (?), a. [For ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.] Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ø AlÏle¶riÏon (?), n. [F. al‚rion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of uncertain origin.] (Her.) Am eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings. Burke. AlÏle¶viÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Alleviating.] [LL. alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See Alegge, Levity.] 1. To lighten or lessen the force or weight of. [Obs. in a literal or general sense.] Should no others join capable to alleviate the expense. Evelyn. Those large bladders... conduce much to the alleviating of the body [of flying birds]. Ray. 2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care, etc.; Ð opposed to aggravate. The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much alleviated by giving the use of letters. Bp. Horsley. 3. To extenuate; to palliate. [R.] He alleviates his fault by an excuse. Johnson. Syn. - To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage; abate; relieve; nullify; allay. Ð To Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage, Allay. These words have in common the idea of relief from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in their application, according to the image under which this idea is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which is lightened or taken off; as,, to alleviate one's cares. Mitigate supposes something fierce which is made mild; as, to mitigate one's anguish. Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted; as, to assuage one's sorrow. Allay supposes something previously excited, but now brought down; as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst. To alleviate the distresses of life; to mitigate the fierceness of passion or the violence of grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay wounded sensibility. AlÏle·viÏa¶tion (?), n. [LL. alleviatio.] 1. The act of alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation; relief.

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<-- p. 41 --> 2. That which mitigates, or makes more tolerable. I have not wanted such alleviations of life as friendship could supply. Johnson. AlÏle¶viÏaÏtive (?), a. Tending to alleviate. Ð n. That which alleviates. AlÏle¶viÏa·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, alleviaties. AlÏle¶viÏaÏtoÏry (?), a. Alleviative. Carlyle. Al¶ley (?), n.; pl. Alleys (?). [OE. aley, alley, OF. al‚e, F. all‚e, a going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller, to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. anar, It. andare, Sp. andar.] 1. A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton.

2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street. Gay. 3. A passageway between rows of pews in a church. 4. (Persp.) Any passage having the entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the appearance of length. 5. The space between two rows of compositors' stands in a printing office. Al¶ley, n.; pl. Alleys (?). [A contraction of alabaster, of which it was originally made.] A choice taw or marble. Dickens. Al¶leyed (?), a. Furnished with alleys; forming an alley. ½An alleyed walk.¸ Sir W. Scott. Al¶leyÏway· (?), n. An alley. All¶ Fools' Day· (?). The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced. The first of April, some do say, Is set apart for All Fools' Day. Poor Robin's Almanack (1760). All·fours¶ (?). [All + four (cards).] A game at cards, called ½High, Low, Jack, and the Game.¸ All· fours¶ [formerly, All· four¶.] All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms of a person. To be, go, or run, on all fours (Fig.), to be on the same footing; to correspond (with) exactly; to be alike in all the circumstances to be considered. ½This example is on all fours with the other.¸ No simile can go on all fours.¸ Macaulay. All· hail¶ (?)(?). [All + hail, interj.] All health; Ð a phrase of salutation or welcome. All·Ðhail¶, v. t. To salute; to greet. [Poet.] Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from the king, who allÐhailed me ½Thane of Cawdor.¸ Shak. All·hal¶lond (?), n. Allhallows. [Obs.] Shak. { All·hal¶low (?), All·hal¶lows (?), } n. 1. All the saints (in heaven). [Obs.] 2. All Saints' Day, November 1st. [Archaic] <-- All Hallows Eve = Halloween, Dec. 31 st. --> All·hal¶low (?). The evening before Allhallows. See Halloween. All·hal¶lowÏmas (?), n. The feast of All Saints. All·hal¶lown (?), a. Of or pertaining to the time of Allhallows. [Obs.] ½Allhallown summer.¸ Shak. (i. e., late summer; ½Indian Summer¸). All·hal¶lowÏtide· (?), n. [AS. tÆd time.] The time at or near All Saints, or November 1st. All¶heal (?), n. A name popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other plants. AlÏli¶aÏble (?), a. Able to enter into alliance. Al·liÏa¶ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the genus Allium, or garlic, onions, leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions. AlÏli¶ance (?), n. [OE. aliaunce, OF. aliance, F. alliance, fr. OF. alier, F. allier. See Ally, and cf. LL. alligantia.] 1. The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between church and state; an alliance between France and England. 2. Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity. The alliance of the principles of the world with those of the gospel. C. J. Smith. The alliance... between logic and metaphysics. Mansel. 3. The persons or parties allied. Udall. Syn. - Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league; coalition. AlÏli¶ance, v. t. To connect by alliance; to ally. [Obs.] AlÏli¶ant (?), n. [Cf. F. alliant, p. pr.] An ally; a confederate. [Obs. & R.] Sir H. Wotton. { Al¶lice, Al¶lis } (?), n. (Zo”l.) The European shad (Clupea vulgaris); allice shad. See Alose. AlÏli¶cienÏcy (?), n. Attractive power; attractiveness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AlÏli¶cient (?), a. [L. alliciens, p. pr. of allicere to allure; ad + lacere to entice.] That attracts; attracting. Ð n. That attracts. [Rare or Obs.] AlÏlied¶ (?), a. United; joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally. AlÏliÏgate (?), v. t. [L. alligatus, p. p. of alligare. See Ally.] To tie; to unite by some tie. Instincts alligated to their nature. Sir M. Hale. Al·liÏga¶tion (?), n. [L. alligatio.] 1. The act of tying together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being attached. [R.] 2. (Arith.) A rule relating to the solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or values. µ The rule is named from the method of connecting together the terms by certain ligatureÐlike signs. Alligation is of two kinds, medial and alternate; medial teaching the method of finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple ingredients whose prices and qualities are known; alternate, teaching the amount of each of several simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which will be required to make a mixture of given price or quality. Al¶liÏga·tor (?), n. [Sp. el lagarto the lizard (el lagarto de Indias, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L. lacertus, lacerta, lizard. See Lizard.] 1. (Zo”l.) A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile, and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the southern United States, there are allied species in South America. 2. (Mech.) Any machine with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator; as, (a) (Metal Working) a form of squeezer for the puddle ball; (b) (Mining) a rock breaker; (c) (Printing) a kind of job press, called also alligator press. Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit of the Anona palustris, a West Indian tree. It is said to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon. Ð Alligator fish (Zo”l.), a marine fish of northwestern America (Podothecus acipenserinus). Ð Alligator gar (Zo”l.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus spatula) found in the southern rivers of the United States. The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes. Ð Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of Avocado pear. See Avocado. Ð Alligator snapper, Alligator tortoise, Alligator turtle (Zo”l.), a very large and voracious turtle (Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting the rivers of the southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx. Ð Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West Indies (Guarea Swartzii). AlÏlign¶ment (?), n. See Alignment. AlÏlin¶eÏate (?), v. t. [L. ad + lineatus, p. p. of lineare to draw a line.] To align. [R.] Herschel. { AlÏlin·eÏa¶tion (?), AÏline·eÏa¶tion (?), } n. Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets with the sun. Whewell. The allineation of the two planets. C. A. Young. AlÏli¶sion (?), n. [L. allisio, fr. allidere, to strike or dash against; ad + laedere to dash against.] The act of dashing against, or striking upon. The boisterous allision of the sea. Woodward. AlÏlit¶erÏal (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by alliteration. AlÏlit¶erÏate (?), v. t. To employ or place so as to make alliteration. Skeat. AlÏlit¶erÏate, v. i. To compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration. AlÏlit·erÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. ad + litera letter. See Letter.] The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals; as in the following lines: Ð Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved His vastness. Milton. Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields. Tennyson. µ The recurrence of the same letter in accented parts of words is also called alliteration. AngloÐSaxon poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later poets also employed it. In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne, I shope me in shroudes as I a shepe were. P. Plowman. AlÏlit¶erÏaÏtive (?; 277), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; as, alliterative poetry. Ð AlÏlit¶erÏaÏtiveÏly, adv. Ð AlÏlit¶er ÏaÏtiveÏness, n. AlÏlit¶erÏa·tor (?), n. One who alliterates. Ø Al¶liÏum (?), n. [L., garlic.] (bot.) A genus of plants, including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc. All¶mouth· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The angler. All¶ness (?), n. Totality; completeness. [R.] The allness of God, including his absolute spirituality, supremacy, and eternity. R. Turnbull. All¶night· (?), n. Light, fuel, or food for the whole night. [Obs.] Bacon. Al¶loÏcate (?), v. t. [LL. allocatus, p. p. of allocare, fr. L. ad + locare to place. See Allow.] 1. To distribute or assign; to allot. Burke. 2. To localize. [R.] Al·loÏca¶tion (?), n. [LL. allocatio: cf. F. allocation.] 1. The act of putting one thing to another; a placing; disposition; arrangement. Hallam. 2. An allotment or apportionment; as, an allocation of shares in a company. The allocation of the particular portions of Palestine to its successive inhabitants. A. R. Stanley. 3. The admission of an item in an account, or an allowance made upon an account; Ð a term used in the English exchequer. Ø Al·loÏca¶tur (?), n. [LL., it is allowed, fr. allocare to allow.] (Law) ½Allowed.¸ The word allocatur expresses the allowance of a proceeding, writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer. Al·loÏchro¶ic (?), a. Changeable in color. AlÏloch¶roÏite (?), n. (Min.) See Garnet. AlÏloch¶roÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? changed in color, fr. ? other + ? color.] Changing color. Al·loÏcu¶tion (?), n. [L. allocuto, fr. alloqui to speak to; ad + loqui to speak: cf. F. allocution.] 1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of addressing in words. 2. An address; a hortatory or authoritative address as of a pope to his clergy. Addison. Al¶lod (?), n. See Allodium. AlÏlo¶diÏal (?), a. [LL. allodialis, fr. allodium: cf. F. allodial. See Allodium.] (Law) Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; Ð opposed to feudal; as, allodial lands; allodial system. Blackstone. AlÏlo¶diÏal, a. Anything held allodially. W. Coxe. AlÏlo¶diÏalÏism (?), n. The allodial system. AlÏlo¶iÏalÏist, n. One who holds allodial land. AlÏlo¶diÏalÏly, adv. By allodial tenure. AlÏlo¶diÏaÏry (?), n. One who holds an allodium. AlÏlo¶diÏum (?), n. [LL. allodium, alodium, alodis, alaudis, of Ger. origin; cf. OHG. al all, and ?t (AS. e¾d) possession, property. It means, therefore, entirely one's property.] (Law) Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus opposed to feud. Blackstone. Bouvier. AlÏlog¶aÏmous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by allogamy. AlÏlog¶aÏmy (?)(?) n. [Gr. ? other + ? marriage.] (Bot.) Fertilization of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same species; crossÐfertilization. Al·loÏge¶neÏous (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Different in nature or kind. [R.] Al¶loÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? another + Ïgraph.] A writing or signature made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; Ð opposed to autograph. <-- Allomer; Allomeric --> AlÏlom¶erÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? other + ? part.] (Chem.) Variability in chemical constitution without variation in crystalline form. AlÏlom¶erÏous (?), a. (Chem.) Characterized by allomerism. Al¶loÏmorph (?), n. [Gr. ? other + ? form.] (Min.) (a) Any one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same substance; or the substance having such forms; Ð as, carbonate of lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and aragonite. (b) A variety of pseudomorph which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of material; Ð thus limonite is frequently an allomorph after pyrite. G. H. Williams. Al·loÏmor¶phic (?), a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to allomorphism. Al·loÏmor¶phism (?), n. (Min.) The property which constitutes an allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph. AlÏlonge¶ (?), n. [F. allonge, earlier alonge, a lengthening. See Allonge, v., and cf. Lunge.] 1. (Fencing) A thrust or pass; a lunge. 2. A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is already full; a rider. [A French usage] Abbott. AlÏlomge¶, v. i. [F. allonger; … (L. ad) + long (L. longus) long.] To thrust with a sword; to lunge. Al¶loÏnym (?), n. [F. allonyme, fr. Gr. ? other + ? name.] 1. The name of another person assumed by the author of a work. 2. A work published under the name of some one other than the author. AlÏlon¶yÏmous (?), a. Published under the name of some one other than the author. AlÏloo¶ (?), v. t. or i. [See Halloo.] To incite dogs by a call; to halloo. [Obs.] Al¶loÏpath (?), n. [Cf. F. allopathe.] An allopathist. Ed. Rev. Al·loÏpath¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. allopathique.] Of or pertaining to allopathy. Al·loÏpath¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic methods. AlÏlop¶aÏthist (?), n. One who practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy. AlÏlop¶aÏthy (?), n. [Gr. ? other + ? suffering, ?, ?, to suffer: cf. G. allopathie, F. allopathie. See Pathos.] That system of medical practice which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the special disease treated; Ð a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the ordinary practice, as opposed to homeopathy. { Al·loÏphyl¶ic (?), Al·loÏphyl¶iÏan (?), } a. [Gr. ? of another tribe; ? other + ? class or tribe.] Pertaining to a race or a language neither Aryan nor Semitic. J. Prichard. Al¶loÏquy (?), n. [L. alloquim, fr. alloqui.] A speaking to another; an address. [Obs.] AlÏlot¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Allotting.] [OF. aloter, F. allotir; a (L. ad) + lot lot. See Lot.] 1. To distribute by lot. 2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow on; to grant; to appoint; as, let every man be contented with that which Providence allots him. Ten years I will allot to the attainment of knowledge. Johnson. Al¶loÏtheÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? other + ? god.] The worship of strange gods. Jer. Taylor. AlÏlot¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. alotement, F. allotement.] 1. The act of allotting; assignment. 2. That which is allotted; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a distinct party. The alloments of God and nature. L'Estrange. A vineyard and an allotment for olives and herbs. Broome. 3. (law) The allowance of a specific amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular person. Cottage allotment, an allotment of a small portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation. [Eng.]

<-- P. 42 -->

Al·loÏtriÏoph¶aÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? strange + ? to eat: cf. F. allotriophagie.] (Med.) A depraved appetite; a desire for improper food. { Al·loÏtrop¶ic (?), Al·loÏtrop¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. allotropique.] Of or pertaining to allotropism. Ð Al·loÏtrop¶icÏalÏly, adv. Allotropic state, the several conditions which occur in a case of allotropism. AlÏlot·roÏpic¶iÏty (?), n. Allotropic property or nature. { AlÏlot¶roÏpism (?), AlÏlot¶roÏpy (?), } n. [Gr. ? other + direction, way, ? to turn: cf. F. allotropie.] (Chem.) The property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct in their physical or chemical relations. µ Thus, carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons and other related forms, in a state of extreme hardness, in the diamond; it occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little hardness, in black lead; and again occurs in a third form, with entire softness, in lampblack and charcoal. In some cases, one of these is peculiarly an active state, and the other a passive one. Thus, ozone is an active state of oxygen, and is distinct from ordinary oxygen, which is the element in its passive state. AlÏlot¶roÏpize (?), v. t. To change in physical properties but not in substance. [R.] AlÏlot¶taÏble (?), a. Capable of being allotted. AlÏlot·tee¶ (?), n. One to whom anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made. AlÏlot¶ter (?), n. One who allots. AlÏlot¶terÏy (?), n. Allotment. [Obs.] Shak. AlÏlow¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Allowing.] [OE. alouen, OF. alouer, aloer, aluer, F. allouer, fr. LL. allocare to admit as proved, to place, use; confused with OF. aloer, fr. L. allaudare to extol; ad + laudare to praise. See Local, and cf. Allocate, Laud.] 1. To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction. [Obs. or Archaic] Ye allow the deeds of your fathers. Luke xi. 48. We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his life, approve his learning. Fuller. 2. To like; to be suited or pleased with. [Obs.] How allow you the model of these clothes? Massinger. 3. To sanction; to invest; to intrust. [Obs.] Thou shalt be... allowed with absolute power. Shak. 4. To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have; as, to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow one day for rest. He was allowed about three hundred pounds a year. Macaulay. 5. To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to accede to an opinion; as, to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow the truth of a proposition. I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct... was highly reprehensible. Thackeray. 6. To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; esp. to abate or deduct; as, to allow a sum for leakage. 7. To grant license to; to permit; to consent to; as, to allow a son to be absent. Syn. - To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit; suffer; tolerate. See Permit. AlÏlow¶, v. i. To admit; to concede; to make allowance or abatement. Allowing still for the different ways of making it. Addison. To allow of, to permit; to admit. Shak. AlÏlow¶aÏble (?), a. [F. allouable.] 1. Praiseworthy; laudable. [Obs.] Hacket. 2. Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed; permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper; as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among friends. AlÏlow¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from prohibition or impropriety. South. AlÏlow¶aÏbly, adv. In an allowable manner. AlÏlow¶ance (?), n. [OF. alouance.] 1. Approval; approbation. [Obs.] Crabbe. 2. The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance. Without the king's will or the state's allowance. Shak. 3. Acknowledgment. The censure of the which one must in your allowance o'erweigh a whole theater of others. Shak. 4. License; indulgence. [Obs.] Locke. 5. That which is allowed; a share or portion allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short. I can give the boy a handsome allowance. Thackeray. 6. Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of mitigating circumstances; as, to make allowance for the inexperience of youth. After making the largest allowance for fraud. Macaulay. 7. (com.) A customary deduction from the gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as tare and tret. AlÏlow¶ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allowancing (?).] [See Allowance, n.] To put upon a fixed ~ (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply in a fixed and limited quantity; as, the captain was obliged to allowance his crew; our provisions were allowanced. AlÏlow¶edÏly (?)(?) adv. By allowance; admittedly. Shenstone. AlÏlow¶er (?), n. 1. An approver or abettor. [Obs.] 2. One who allows or permits. AlÏlox¶an (?), n. [Allantoin + oxalic, as containing the elements of allantion and oxalic acid.] (Chem.) An oxidation product of uric acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or alcohol. AlÏlox¶aÏnate (?), n. (Chem.) A combination of alloxanic acid and a base or base or positive radical. Al·loxÏan¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to alloxan; Ð applied to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on alloxan. Al·loxÏan¶tin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance produced by acting upon uric with warm and very dilute nitric acid. AlÏloy¶ , n. [OE. alai, OF. alei, F. aloyer, to alloy, alier to ally. See Alloy, v. t.] 1. Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the compound is called an amalgam. 2. The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or silver; fineness. 3. A baser metal mixed with a finer. Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal. Alloy is baser metal mixed with it. Locke. 4. Admixture of anything which lessens the value or detracts from; as, no happiness is without alloy. ½Pure English without Latin alloy.¸ F. Harrison. AlÏloy¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alloyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alloying.] [ F. aloyer, OF. alier, allier, later allayer, fr. L. aligare. See Alloy, n., Ally, v. t., and cf. Allay.] 1. To reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; as, to alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with copper. 2. To mix, as metals, so as to form a compound. 3. To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to allay; as, to alloy pleasure with misfortunes. AlÏloy¶, v. t. To form a metallic compound. Gold and iron alloy with ease. Ure. AlÏloy¶age (?), n. [F. aloyage.] The act or art of alloying metals; also, the combination or alloy. All·ÐposÏsessed¶ (?), a. Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions; wild. [Colloq.] { All¶ Saints· (?), All¶ Saints' (?), } The first day of November, called, also, Allhallows or Hallowmas; a feast day kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this festival. All¶ Souls' Day· (?). The second day of November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church., on which supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead. All¶spice· (?), n. The berry of the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as, the Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus); wild allspice (Lindera benzoin), called also spicebush, spicewood, and feverbush. All·thing· (?), adv. [For in all (= every) thing.] Altogether. [Obs.] Shak. AlÏlude¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Alluding.] [L. alludere to play with, to allude; ad + ludere to play.] To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; Ð followed by to; as, the story alludes to a recent transaction. These speeches... do seem to allude unto such ministerial garments as were then in use. Hooker. Syn. - To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate; signify; insinuate; advert. See Refer. AlÏlude¶, v. t. To compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable. [Obs.] Wither. Ø Al·lu·mette (?), n. [F., from allumer to light.] A match for lighting candles, lamps, etc. AlÏlu¶miÏnor (?), n. [OF. alumineor, fr. L. ad + liminare. See Luminate.] An illuminator of manuscripts and books; a limner. [Obs.] Cowell. AlÏlur¶ance (?), n. Allurement. [R.] AlÏlure¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alluded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alluring.] [OF. aleurrer, alurer, fr. a (L. ad) + leurre lure. See Lure.] To attempt to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or acceptable; to entice; to attract. With promised joys allured them on. Falconer. The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven Allured his eye. Milton. Syn. - To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce. Ð To Allure, Entice, Decoy, Seduce. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad sense, except allure, which has sometimes (though rarely) a good one. We are allured by the prospect or offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly enticed into evil by appeals to our passions. We are decoyed into danger by false appearances or representations. We are seduced when drawn aside from the path of rectitude. What allures draws by gentle means; what entices leads us by promises and persuasions; what decoys betrays us, as it were, into a snare or net; what seduces deceives us by artful appeals to the passions. AlÏlure¶, n. Allurement. [R.] Hayward. Ø Al·lure¶ (?), n. [F.; aller to go.] Gait; bearing. The swing, the gait, the pose, the allure of these men. Harper's Mag. AlÏlure¶ment (?), n. 1. The act alluring; temptation; enticement. Though Adam by his wife's allurement fell. Milton.

2. That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; as, the allurements of pleasure, or of honor. AlÏlur¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, allures. AlÏlur¶ing, a. That allures; attracting; charming; tempting. Ð AlÏlur¶ingÏly, adv. Ð AlÏlur¶ingÏness, n. AlÏlu¶sion (?), n. [L. allusio, fr. alludere to allude: cf. F. allusion.] 1. A figurative or symbolical reference. [Obs.] 2. A reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect reference; a hint. AlÏlu¶sive (?), a. 1. Figurative; symbolical. 2. Having reference to something not fully expressed; containing an allusion. AlÏlu¶siveÏly, adv. Figuratively [Obs.]; by way of allusion; by implication, suggestion, or insinuation. AlÏlu¶siveÏness, n. The quality of being allusive. AlÏlu¶soÏry (?), a. Allusive. [R.] Warburton. AlÏlu¶viÏal (?), a. [Cf. F. alluvial. See Alluvion.] Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium; relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from one place and deposited in another; as, alluvial soil, mud, accumulations, deposits. AlÏlu¶viÏon (?), n. [F. alluvion, L. alluvio, fr. alluere to wash against; ad + luere, equiv. to lavare, to wash. See Lave.] 1. Wash or flow of water against the shore or bank. 2. An overflowing; an inundation; a flood. Lyell. 3. Matter deposited by an inundation or the action of flowing water; alluvium. The golden alluvions are there [in California and Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over the surface of vast plains. R. Cobden. 4. (Law) An accession of land gradually washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See Accretion.] AlÏlu¶viÏous (?), n. [L. alluvius. See Alluvion.] Alluvial. [R.] Johnson. AlÏlu¶viÏum (?), n.; pl. E. Alluviums, L. Alluvia (?). [L., neut. of alluvius. See Alluvious.] (Geol.) Deposits of earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas. Lyell. All¶where· (?), adv. Everywhere. [Archaic] All¶work· (?), n. Domestic or other work of all kinds; as, a maid of allwork, that is, a general servant. AlÏly¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Allying.] [OE. alien, OF. alier, F. alier, fr. L. alligare to bind to; ad + ligare to bind. Cf. Alligate, Alloy, Allay, Ligament.] 1. To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy; Ð often followed by to or with. O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied. Pope. 2. To connect or form a relation between by similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love. These three did love each other dearly well, And with so firm affection were allied. Spenser. The virtue nearest to our vice allied. Pope. µ Ally is generally used in the passive form or reflexively. AlÏly¶ (?), n.; pl. Allies (?). [See Ally, v.] 1. A relative; a kinsman. [Obs.] Shak. 2. One united to another by treaty or league; Ð usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate. The English soldiers and their French allies. Macaulay. 3. Anything associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary. Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its ally. Buckle. 4. Anything akin to another by structure, etc. Al¶ly (?), n. See Alley, a marble or taw. Al¶lyl (?), n. [L. allium garlic + Ïyl.] (Chem.) An organic radical, C3H5, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard. Al¶lyÏlene (?), n. (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H4, homologous with acetylene; propine<--; propyne -->. Al¶ma, Al¶mah (?), n. Same as Alme. Al·maÏcan¶tar (?), n. (Astron.) (a) Same as Almucantar. (b) A recently invented instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a given almacantar circle. See Almucantar. { Ø Al·maÏdi¶a (?), Ø Al¶maÏdie (?), } n. [F. almadie (cf. Sp. & Pg. almadia), fr. Ar. alma'dÆyah a raft, float.] (Naut.) (a) A bark canoe used by the Africans. (b) A boat used at Calicut, in India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad. Al¶maÏgest (?), n. [F. almageste, LL. almageste, Ar. alÐmajistÆ, fr. Gr. ? (sc. ?), the greatest composition.] The celebrated work of Ptolemy of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name was extended to other similar works. Ø AlÏma¶gra (?), n. [Sp. almagra, almagre, fr. Ar. alÐmaghrah red clay or earth.] A fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is the sil atticum of the ancients. Under the name of Indian red it is used for polishing glass and silver. { Al¶main (?), Al¶mayne (?), Al¶man (?), } n. [OF. Aleman, F. Allemand, fr. L. Alemanni, ancient Ger. tribes.] [Obs.] 1. A German. Also adj., German. Shak. 2. The German language. J. Foxe. 3. A kind of dance. See Allemande. Almain rivets, Almayne rivets, or Alman rivets, a sort of light armor from Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility. Ø Al¶ma Ma¶ter (?). [L., fostering mother.] A college or seminary where one is educated. Al¶maÏnac (?; 277), n. [LL. almanac, almanach: cf. F. almanach, Sp. almanaque, It. almanacco, all of uncertain origin.] A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, etc. Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book, containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and other information useful to mariners.

<-- P. 43 --> Al¶manÏdine (?), n. [LL. almandina, alamandina, for L. alabandina a precious stone, named after Alabanda, a town in Caria, where it was first and chiefly found: cf. F. almandine.] (Min.) The common red variety of garnet. { Ø Al¶me, Ø Al¶meh } (?), n. [Ar. 'almah (fem.) learned, fr. 'alama to know: cf. F. alm‚e.] An Egyptian dancing girl; an Alma. The Almehs lift their arms in dance. Bayard Taylor. Ø Al·menÏdron¶ (?), n. [Sp., fr. almendra almond.] The lofty BrazilÐnut tree. Al¶merÏy (?), n. See Ambry. [Obs.] Alm¶esse (?), n. See Alms. [Obs.] { AlÏmight¶ful (?), AlÏmight¶iÏful (?), } a. AllÐpowerful; almighty. [Obs.] Udall. AlÏmight¶iÏly, adv. With almighty power. AlÏmight¶iÏness, n. Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; unlimited might. Jer. Taylor. AlÏmight¶y (?), a. [AS. ealmihtig, ‘lmihtig; eal (OE. al) ail + mihtig mighty.] 1. Unlimited in might; omnipotent; allÐpowerful; irresistible. I am the Almighty God. Gen. xvii. 1. 2. Great; extreme; terrible. [Slang] Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, Ð so that he is in an almighty fix. De Quincey. The Almighty, the omnipotent God. Rev. i. 8. Alm¶ner (?), n. An almoner. [Obs.] Spenser. Alm¶ond (?), n. [OE. almande, almaunde, alemaunde, F. amande, L. amygdala, fr. Gr. ?: cf. Sp. almendra. Cf. Amygdalate.] 1. The fruit of the almond tree. µ The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thinÐshelled, thickÐshelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different varieties of the one species, Amygdalus communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western Asia. 2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree. 3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically: (Anat.) One of the tonsils. Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds. Ð Oil of bitter almonds, a poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration and distillation; benzoic aldehyde. Ð Imitation oil of bitter almonds, nitrobenzene. Ð Almond tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the almond. Ð Almond willow (Bot.), a willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides; almondÐleaved willow (Salix amygdalina). Shenstone. Al¶mond fur·nace (?). [Prob. a corruption of Almain furnace, i. e., German furnace. See Almain.] A kind of furnace used in refining, to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign matter. Chambers. Al¶monÏdine (?), n. See Almandine Al¶monÏer (?), n. [OE. aumener, aulmener, OF. almosnier, aumosnier, F. aum“nier, fr. OF. almosne, alms, L. eleemosyna. See Alms.] One who distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as the almoner of a prince, bishop, etc. Al¶monÏerÏship, n. The office of an almoner. Al¶monÏry (?), n.; pl. Almonries (?). [OF. aumosnerie, F. aum“nerie, fr. OF. aumosnier. See Almoner.] The place where an almoner resides, or where alms are distributed. Al¶mose (?), n. Alms. [Obs.] Cheke. Al¶most (?), adv. [AS. ealm‘st, ‘lm‘st, quite the most, almost all; eal (OE. al) all + m?st most.] Nearly; well nigh; all but; for the greatest part. Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28. Almost never, scarcely ever. Ð Almost nothing, scarcely anything. Alm¶ry (?), n. See Almonry. [Obs.] Alms (?), n. sing. & pl. [OE. almes, almesse, AS. ‘lmysse, fr. L. eleemosyna, Gr. ? mercy, charity, alms, fr. ? to pity. Cf. Almonry, Eleemosynary.] Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing; a gift of charity. A devout man... which gave much alms to the people. Acts x. 2. Alms are but the vehicles of prayer. Dryden.

Tenure by free alms. See Frankalmoign. Blackstone. µ This word alms is singular in its form (almesse), and is sometimes so used; as, ½asked am alms.¸ Acts iii. 3.½Received an alms.¸ Shak. It is now, however, commonly a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as almsgiver, almsgiving, alms bag, alms chest, etc. Alms¶deed· (?), n. An act of charity. Acts ix. 36. Alms¶folk· (?), n. Persons supported by alms; almsmen. [Archaic] Holinshed. Alms¶giv·er (?), n. A giver of alms. Alms¶giv·ing (?), n. The giving of alms. Alms¶house· (?), n. A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse. Alms¶man (?), n.; fem. Almswoman. 1. A recipient of alms. Shak. 2. A giver of alms. [R.] Halliwell. Al·muÏcan¶tar (?), n. [F. almucantarat, almicantarat, ultimately fr. Ar. alÐmuqantar¾t, pl., fr. qantara to bend, arch.] (Astron.) A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same almucantar have the same altitude. See Almacantar. [Archaic] Almucanter staff, an ancient instrument, having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising or setting, to find the variation of the compass. Al¶muce (?), n. Same as Amice, a hood or cape. Ø AlÏmude¶ (?), n. [Pg. almude, or Sp. almud, a measure of grain or dry fruit, fr. Ar. alÐmudd a dry measure.] A measure for liquids in several countries. In Portugal the Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude about 6.6, gallons U. S. measure. In Turkey the ½almud¸ is about 1.4 gallons. { Al¶mug (?), Al¶gum (?), } n. [Heb., perh. borrowed fr. Skr. valguka sandalwood.] (Script.) A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron. ii. 8; 1 K. x. ??). µ Most writers at the present day follow Celsius, who takes it to be the red sandalwood of China and the Indian Archipelago. W. Smith. Al¶nage (?), n., [OF. alnage, aulnage, F. aunage, fr. OF. alne ell, of Ger. origin: cf. OHG. elina, Goth. aleina, cubit. See Ell.] (O. Eng. Law) Measurement (of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement. Al¶naÏger (?), n. [See Alnage.] A measure by the ell; formerly a sworn officer in England, whose duty was to inspect act measure woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal. Al¶oe (?), n.; pl. Aloes (?). [L. alo‰, Gr. ?, aloe: cf. OF. aloe, F. aloŠs.] 1. pl. The wood of the agalloch. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. (Bot.) A genus of succulent plants, some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants; from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the arts. They are natives of warm countries. 3. pl. (Med.) The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative. [Plural in form but syntactically singular.] American aloe, Century aloe, the agave. See Agave. Al¶oes wood· (?). See Agalloch. Al·oÏet¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. alo‚tique.] Consisting chiefly of aloes; of the nature of aloes. Al·oÏet¶ic, n. A medicine containing chiefly aloes. AÏloft¶ (?; 115), adv. [Pref. aÏ + loft, which properly meant air. See Loft.] 1. On high; in the air; high above the ground. ½He steers his flight aloft.¸ Milton. 2. (Naut.) In the top; at the mast head, or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and Colloq.), in or to heaven. AÏloft¶, prep. Above; on top of. [Obs.] Fresh waters run aloft the sea. Holland. AÏlo¶giÏan (?), n. [LL. Alogiani, Alogii, fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? word.] (Eccl.) One of an ancient sect who rejected St. John's Gospel and the Apocalypse, which speak of Christ as the Logos. Shipley. Al¶oÏgy (?), n. [L. alogia, Gr. ?, fr. ? priv. + ? reason.] Unreasonableness; absurdity. [Obs.] Al¶oÏin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter purgative principle in aloes. Al¶oÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ?, salt + Ïmancy: cf. F. alomancie, halomancie.] Divination by means of salt. [Spelt also halomancy.] Morin. AÏlone¶ (?), a. [All + one. OE. al one all allone, AS. ¾n one, alone. See All, One, Lone.] 1. Quite by one's self; apart from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary; Ï applied to a person or thing. Alone on a wide, wide sea. Coleridge. It is not good that the man should be alone. Gen. ii. 18. 2. Of or by itself; by themselves; without any thing more or any one else; without a sharer; only. Man shall not live by bread alone. Luke iv. 4. The citizens alone should be at the expense. Franklin. 3. Sole; only; exclusive. [R.] God, by whose alone power and conversation we all live, and move, and have our being. Bentley. 4. Hence; Unique; rare; matchless. Shak. µ The adjective alone commonly follows its noun. To let or leave alone, to abstain from interfering with or molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state. AÏlone¶, adv. Solely; simply; exclusively. AÏlone¶ly, adv. Only; merely; singly. [Obs.] This said spirit was not given alonely unto him, but unto all his heirs and posterity. Latimer. AÏlone¶ly, a. Exclusive. [Obs.] Fabyan. AÏlone¶ness, n. A state of being alone, or without company; solitariness. [R.] Bp. Montagu. AÏlong¶ (?; 115), adv. [OE. along, anlong, AS. andlang, along; pref. andÏ (akin to OFris. ondÏ, OHG. antÏ, Ger. entÏ, Goth. andÏ, andaÏ, L. ante, Gr. ?, Skr. anti, over against) + lang long. See Long.] 1. By the length; in a line with the length; lengthwise. Some laid along... on spokes of wheels are hung. Dryden. 2. In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward; forward. We will go along by the king's highway. Numb. xxi. 22. He struck with his o'ertaking wings, And chased us south along. Coleridge. 3. In company; together. He to England shall along with you. Shak. All along, all trough the course of; during the whole time; throughout. ½I have all along declared this to be a neutral paper.¸ Addison. Ð To get along, to get on; to make progress, as in business. ½She 'll get along in heaven better than you or I.¸ Mrs. Stowe. AÏlong¶, prep. By the length of, as distinguished from across. ½Along the lowly lands.¸ Dryden. The kine... went along the highway. 1 Sam. vi. 12. AÏlong¶. [AS. gelang owing to.] (Now heard only in the prep. phrase along of.) Along of, Along on, often shortened to Long of, prep. phr., owing to; on account of. [Obs. or Low. Eng.] ½On me is not along thin evil fare.¸ Chaucer. ½And all this is long of you.¸ Shak. ½This increase of price is all along of the foreigners.¸ London Punch. AÏlong¶shore· (?), adv. Along the shore or coast. AÏlong¶shore·man (?), n. See Longshoreman. AÏlong¶side· (?), adv. Along or by the side; side by side with; Ð often with of; as, bring the boat alongside; alongside of him; alongside of the tree. AÏlongst¶ (?; 115), prep. & adv. [Formed fr. along, like amongst fr. among.] Along. [Obs.] AÏloof¶ (?), n. (Zo”l.) Same as Alewife. AÏloof¶, adv. [Pref. aÏ + loof, fr. D. loef luff, and so meaning, as a nautical word, to the windward. See Loof, Luff.] 1. At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance; apart; away. Our palace stood aloof from streets. Dryden. 2. Without sympathy; unfavorably. To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at it aloof and with caution, is the worst of all impieties. I. Taylor. AÏloof¶ (?), prep. Away from; clear from. [Obs.] Rivetus... would fain work himself aloof these rocks and quicksands. Milton. AÏloof¶ness, n. State of being aloof. Rogers (1642). The... aloofness of his dim forest life. Thoreau. { Ø Al·oÏpe¶ciÏa (?), AÏlop¶eÏcy (?), } n. [L. alopecia, Gr. ?, fr. ? fox, because loss of the hair is common among foxes.] (med.) Loss of the hair; baldness. AÏlop¶eÏcist (?), n. A practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness. AÏlose¶ (?), v. t. [OE. aloser.] To praise. [Obs.] A¶lose (?), n. [F., fr. L. alosa or alausa.] (Zo”l.) The European shad (Clupea alosa); Ð called also allice shad or allis shad. The name is sometimes applied to the American shad (Clupea sapidissima). See Shad. Ø Al·ouÏatte¶ (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.] (Zo”l.) One of the several species of howling monkeys of South America. See Howler, 2. AÏloud¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + loud.] With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice. Isa. lviii. 1. AÏlow¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + low.] Below; in a lower part. ½Aloft, and then alow.¸ Dryden. Alp (?), n. [L. Alpes the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. alp a high mountain, Ir. ailp any huge mass or lump: cf. F. Alpes.] 1. A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc. Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp. Milton. Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps arise. Pope. 2. Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted. µ The plural form Alps is sometimes used as a singular. ½The Alps doth spit.¸ Shak. Alp, n. A bullfinch. Rom. of R. AlÏpac¶a (?), n. [Sp. alpaca, fr. the original Peruvian name of the animal. Cf. Paco.] 1. (Zo”l.) An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama. 2. Wool of the alpaca. 3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton. Al¶pen (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Alps. [R.] ½The Alpen snow.¸ J. Fletcher. Ø Al¶penÏstock· (?), n. [G.; Alp, gen. pl. Alpen + stock stick.] A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the Alps. Cheever. AlÏpes¶trine (?), a. [L. Alpestris.] Pertaining to the Alps, or other high mountains; as, Alpestrine diseases, etc. Al¶pha (?), n. [L. alpha, Gr. ?, from Heb. ¾leph, name of the first letter in the alphabet, also meaning ox.] The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the beginning. In am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Rev. xxii. 13. Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was the alpha of the wits. µ In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in designated by Alpha (?); as, ? Lyr‘. Al¶phaÏbet (?), n. [L. alphabetum, fr. Gr. ? + ?, the first two Greek letters; Heb. ¾leph and beth: cf. F. alphabet.] 1. The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters or signs which form the elements of written language. 2. The simplest rudiments; elements. The very alphabet of our law. Macaulay. Deaf and dumb alphabet. See Dactylology. Al¶phaÏbet, v. t. To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically. [R.] Al·phaÏbetÏa¶riÏan (?), n. A learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian. Abp. Sancroft. { Al·phaÏbet¶ic (?), Al·phaÏbet¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. alphab‚tique.] 1. Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order of, the letters of the alphabet; as, alphabetic characters, writing, languages, arrangement. 2. Literal. [Obs.] ½Alphabetical servility.¸ Milton. Al·phaÏbet¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters. Al·phaÏbet¶ics (?), n. The science of representing spoken sounds by letters. Al¶phaÏbetÏism (?), n. The expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet. Encyc. Brit. Al¶phaÏbetÏize (?), v. t. 1. To arrange alphabetically; as, to alphabetize a list of words. 2. To furnish with an alphabet. AlÏphen¶ic (?), n. [F. alf‚nic, alph‚nic, Sp. alfe?ique, Ar. alÐf¾nÆd sweetness, sugar, fr. Per. f¾nÆd, p¾nÆd, sugar, cheese preserved in sugar.] (Med.) The crystallized juice of the sugarcane; sugar candy. AlÐphit¶oÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ? barley meal + Ïmancy: cf. F. alphitomancie.] Divination by means of barley meal. Knowles.

<-- p. 44 -->

AlÏphon¶sine (?), a. Of or relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile (1252Ð1284). Alphonsine tables, astronomical tables prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise. Whewell. Al¶piÏgene (?), a. [L. Alpes Alps + Ïgen.] Growing in Alpine regions. Al¶pine (?), a. [L. Alpinus, fr. Alpes the Alps: cf. F. Alpin.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows; Alpine plants. 2. Like the Alps; lofty. ½Gazing up an Alpine height.¸ Tennyson. Al¶pinÏist (?), n. A climber of the Alps. { Al¶pist (?), Al¶piÏa (?), } n. [F.: cf. Sp. & Pg. alpiste.] The seed of canary grass (Phalaris Canariensis), used for feeding cage birds. Ø Al¶quiÏfou (?), n. [Equiv. to arquifoux, F. alquifoux, Sp. alquif¢l, fr. the same Arabic word as alcohol. See Alcohol.] A lead ore found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green glaze to their wares; potter's ore. AlÏread¶y (?), adv. [All (OE. al) + ready.] Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously. ½Joseph was in Egypt already.¸ Exod. i. 5. I say unto you, that Elias is come already. Matt. xvii. 12. µ It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be already completed, or will have been already completed. Als (?), adv. 1. Also. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. As. [Obs.] Chaucer. AlÏsa¶tian (?), a. Pertaining to Alsatia. AlÏsa¶tian, n. An inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London. Ø Al· se¶gno (?). [It., to the mark or sign.] (Mus.) A direction for the performer to return and recommence from the sign ?. Al¶sike (?), n. [From Alsike, in Sweden.] A species of clover with pinkish or white flowers; Trifolium hybridum. Al¶so (?), adv. & conj. [All + so. OE. al so, AS. ealsw¾, alsw?, ‘lsw‘; eal, al, ‘l, all + sw¾ so. See All, So, As.] 1. In like manner; likewise. [Obs.] 2. In addition; besides; as well; further; too. Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven... for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. Matt. vi. 20. 3. Even as; as; so. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. - Also, Likewise, Too. These words are used by way of transition, in leaving one thought and passing to another. Also is the widest term. It denotes that what follows is all so, or entirely like that which preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, ½If you were there, I was there also;¸ ¸If our situation has some discomforts, it has also many sources of enjoyment.¸ Too is simply less formal and pointed than also; it marks the transition with a lighter touch; as, ½I was there too;¸ ¸a courtier yet a patriot too.¸ Pope. Likewise denotes literally ½in like manner,¸ and hence has been thought by some to be more specific than also. ½It implies,¸ says Whately, ½some connection or agreement between the words it unites. We may say, ? He is a poet, and likewise a musician; 'but we should not say, ? He is a prince, and likewise a musician, because there is no natural connection between these qualities.¸ This distinction, however, is often disregarded. Alt (?), a. & n. [See Alto.] (Mus.) The higher part of the scale. See Alto. To be in ~, to be in an exalted state of mind. AlÏta¶ian (?), AlÏta¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. alta‹que.] Of or pertaining to the Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia. Al¶tar (?), n. [OE. alter, auter, autier, fr. L. altare, pl. altaria, ~, prob. fr. altus high: cf. OF. alter, autier, F. autel. Cf. Altitude.] 1. A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity. Noah builded an altar unto the Lord. Gen. viii. 20. 2. In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion table. µ Altar is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, altar bread or altarÐbread. ÷ cloth or ÷Ðcloth, the cover for an ~ in a Christian church, usually richly embroidered. Ð ÷ cushion, a cushion laid upon the ~ in a Christian church to support the service book. Ð ÷ frontal. See Frontal. Ð ÷ rail, the railing in front of the ~ or communion table. Ð ÷ screen, a wall or partition built behind an ~ to protect it from approach in the rear. Ð ÷ tomb, a tomb resembling an ~ in shape, etc. Ð Family ~, place of family devotions. Ð To ?ead (as a bride) to the ~, to marry; Ð said of a woman. Al¶tarÏage (?), n. [Cf. OF. auterage, autelage.] 1. The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church. 2. The profit which accrues to the priest, by reason of the altar, from the small tithes. Shipley. Al¶tarÏist (?), n. [Cf. LL. altarista, F. altariste.] (Old Law) (a) A chaplain. (b) A vicar of a church. Al¶tarÏpiece· (?), n. The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar; reredos. Al¶tarÏwise· (?), adv. In the proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church with its ends towards the north and south. Shipley. AltÏaz¶iÏmuth (?), n. [Alltude + azimuth.] (Astron.) An instrument for taking azimuths and altitudes simultaneously. Al¶ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Altered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Altering.] [F. alt‚rer, LL. alterare, fr. L. alter other, alius other. Cf. Else, Other.] 1. To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify. ½To alter the king's course.¸ ½To alter the condition of a man.¸ ½No power in Venice can alter a decree.¸ Shak. It gilds all objects, but it alters none. Pope. My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips. Ps. lxxxix. 34. 2. To agitate; to affect mentally. [Obs.] Milton. 3. To geld. [Colloq.] Syn. - Change, Alter. Change is generic and the stronger term. It may express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place of another; alter commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in form or details without destroying identity. Al¶ter, v. i. To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure. ½The law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.¸ Dan. vi. 8. Al·terÏaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. [Cf. F. alt‚rabilit‚.] The quality of being alterable; alterableness. Al¶terÏaÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. alt‚rable.] Capable of being altered. Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain, alterable by a thousand accidents. Rogers. Al¶terÏaÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being alterable; variableness; alterability. Al¶terÏaÏbly, adv. In an alterable manner. Al¶terÏant (?), a. [LL. alterans, p. pr.: cf. F. alt‚rant.] Altering; gradually changing. Bacon. Al¶terÏant, n. An alterative. [R.] Chambers. Al·terÏa¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. alt‚ration.] 1. The act of altering or making different. Alteration, though it be from worse to better, hath in it incoveniences. Hooker. 2. The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; changed condition. Ere long might perceive Strange alteration in me. Milton. Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who had been slaves; by which, and succeeding alterations, that council degenerated into a most corrupt. Swift. Al¶terÏaÏtive (?), a. [L. alterativus: cf. F. alt‚ratif.] Causing alteration. Specifically: (Med.) Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions into one of health. Burton. Al¶terÏaÏtive, n. A medicine or treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy functions without sensible evacuations. Al¶terÏcate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Altercated; p. pr. & vb. n. Altercating.] [L. altercatus, p. p. of altercare, altercari, fr. alter another. See Alter.] The contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle. Al·terÏca¶tion (?; 277), n. [F. altercation, fr. L. altercatio.] Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest. ½Stormy altercations.¸ Macaulay. Syn. - Altercation, Dispute, Wrangle. The term dispute is in most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest; as, a dispute on the lawfulness of war. An altercation is an angry dispute between two parties, involving an interchange of severe language. A wrangle is a confused and noisy altercation. Their whole life was little else than a perpetual wrangling and altercation. Hakewill. Al¶terÏcaÏtive (?), a. Characterized by wrangling; scolding. [R.] Fielding. AlÏter¶iÏty (?), n. [F. alt‚rit‚.] The state or quality of being other; a being otherwise. [R.] For outness is but the feeling of otherness (alterity) rendered intuitive, or alterity visually represented. Coleridge. Al¶tern (?), a. [L. alternus, fr. alter another: cf. F. alterne.] Acting by turns; alternate. Milton. ÷ base (Trig.), a second side made base, in distinction a side previously regarded as base. AlÏter¶naÏcy (?), n. Alternateness; alternation. [R.] Mitford. AlÏter¶nant (?), a. [L. alternans, p. pr.: cf. F. alternant. See Alternate, v. t.] (Geol.) Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks. AlÏter¶nate (?; 277), a. [L. alternatus, p. p. of alternate, fr. alternus. See Altern, Alter.] 1. Being or succeeding by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then the other; hence, reciprocal. And bid alternate passions fall and rise. Pope. 2. Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second; as, the alternate members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.; read every alternate line. 3. (Bot.) Distributed, as leaves, singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence. Gray. ÷ alligation. See Alligation. Ð ÷ angles (Geom.), the internal and angles made by two lines with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD, are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles BGH and GHC, are called alternate angles. Ð ÷ generation. (Biol.) See under Generation. AlÏter¶nate (?; 277), n. 1. That which alternates with something else; vicissitude. [R.] Grateful alternates of substantial. Prior. 2. A substitute; one designated to take the place of another, if necessary, in performing some duty. 3. (Math.) A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging the means. Al¶terÏnate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alternated; p. pr. & vb. n. Alternating.] [L. alternatus, p. p. of alternare. See Altern.] To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly. The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life, for sundry wise ends alternates the disposition of good and evil. Grew. Al¶terÏnate, v. i. 1. To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; Ð followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other. Rage, shame, and grief alternate in his breast. J. Philips. Different species alternating with each other. Kirwan. 2. To vary by turns; as, the land alternates between rocky hills and sandy plains. AlÏter¶nateÏly (?), adv. 1. In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order. 2. (Math.) By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent. AlÏter¶nateÏness, n. The quality of being alternate, or of following by turns. Al·terÏna¶tion (?), n. [L. alternatio: cf. F. alternation.] 1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear. 2. (Math.) Permutation. 3. The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister. Mason. ÷ of generation. See under Generation. AlÏter¶naÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. alternatif.] 1. Offering a choice of two things. 2. Disjunctive; as, an alternative conjunction. 3. Alternate; reciprocal. [Obs.] Holland. AlÏter¶naÏtive, n. [Cf. F. alternative, LL. alternativa.] 1. An offer of two things, one of which may be chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left. There is something else than the mere alternative of absolute destruction or unreformed existence. Burke. 2. Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called alternatives. Having to choose between two alternatives, safety and war, you obstinately prefer the worse. Jowett (Thucyd.). 3. The course of action or the thing offered in place of another. If this demand is refused the alternative is war. Lewis. With no alternative but death. Longfellow. 4. A choice between more than two things; one of several things offered to choose among. My decided preference is for the fourth and last of th?? alternatives. Gladstone. AlÏter¶naÏtiveÏly, adv. In the manner of alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two things. AlÐter¶naÏtiveÏness, n. The quality of being alternative, or of offering a choice between two. AlÏter¶niÏty (?), n. [LL. alternitas.] Succession by turns; alternation. [R.] Sir T. Browne. { Ø AlÏth‘¶a , Ø AlÏthe¶a } (?), n. [L. althaea, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants of the Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the garden hollyhocks. (b) An ornamental shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus) of the Mallow family. AlÏthe¶ine (?), n.ÿ(Chem.) Asparagine. AlÏtho¶ (?), conj. Altough. [Reformed spelling.] Alt¶horn· (?), n. [Alt + horn.] (Mus.) An instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often replacing the French horn. Grove. AlÏthough¶ (?), conj. [All + though; OE. al thagh.] Grant all this; be it that; supposing that; notwithstanding; though. Although all shall be offended, yet will no I. Mark xiv. 29. Syn. - Although, Though. Although, which originally was perhaps more emphatic than though, is now interchangeable with it in the sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the choice. AlÏtil¶oÏquence (?), n. Lofty speech; pompous language. [R.] Bailey. AlÏtil¶oÏquent (?), a. [L. altus (adv. alte) high + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.] HighÐsounding; pompous in speech. [R.] Bailey. AlÏtim¶eÏter (?), n. [LL. altimeter; altus high + metrum, Gr. ?, measure: cf. F. altimŠtre.] An instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant, etc. Knight. AlÏtim¶eÏtry (?), n. [Cf. F. altim‚trie.] The art of measuring altitudes, or heights. AlÏtin¶car (?), n. See Tincal. Al¶tiÏscope (?), n. [L. altus high + Gr. ? to view.] An arrangement of lenses and mirrors.

<-- p. 45 --> which enables a person to see an object in spite of interning. AlÏtis¶oÏnant (?), a. [L. altus high + ?onans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.] HighÐsounding; lofty or pompous. Skelton. AlÏtis¶oÏnous (?), a. [L. altisonus.] Altisonant. Ø AlÏtis¶siÏmo (?), n. [It.; superl. of alto.] (Mus.) The part or notes situated above F in alt. Al¶tiÏtude (?), n. [L. altitudo, fr. altus high. Cf. Altar, Haughty, Enhance.] 1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree. 2. (Astron.) The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point and the horizon. It is either true or apparent; true when measured from the rational or real horizon, apparent when from the sensible or apparent horizon. 3. (Geom.) The perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel to the base; as, the altitude of a triangle, pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc. 4. Height of degree; highest point or degree. He is [proud] even to the altitude of his virtue. Shak. 5. Height of rank or excellence; superiority. Swift. 6. pl. Elevation of spirits; heroics; haughty airs. [Colloq.] Richardson. The man of law began to get into his altitude. Sir W. Scott. Meridian ~, an arc of the meridian intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point on the meridian. See Meridian, 3. Al·tiÏtu¶diÏnal (?), a. Of or pertaining to height; as, altitudinal measurements. Al·tiÏtu·diÏna¶riÏan (?), a. Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc. [R.] Coleridge. AlÏtiv¶oÏlant (?), a. [L. altivolans. See Volant.] Flying high. [Obs.] Blount. Al¶to (?), n.; pl. Altos (?). [It. alto high, fr. L. altus. Cf. Alt.] 1. (Mus.) Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counterÐtenor, voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the tenor. 2. An alto singer. ÷ clef (Mus., the counterÐtenor clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the middle line of the staff. Moore. Al·toÏgeth¶er (?), adv. [OE. altogedere; al all + togedere together. See Together.] 1. All together; conjointly. [Obs.] Altogether they wen? at once. Chaucer. 2. Without exception; wholly; completely. Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5. AlÏtom¶eÏter (?), n. [L. altus high + Ïmeter.] A theodolite. Knight. Al¶toÐreÏlie¶vo (?), n. AltoÐrilievo. Ø Al¶toÐriÏlieÏvo (?), n.; pl. AltoÐrilievos (?). [It.] (Sculp.) High relief; sculptured work in which the figures project more than half their thickness; as, this figure is an altoÏrilievo or in altoÏrilievo. µ When the figure stands only half out, it is called mezzoÐrilievo, or medium relief; when its projection is less than one half, bassoÐrilievo, basÐrelief, or low relief. Al¶triÏcal (?), a. (Zo”l.) Like the articles. Ø AlÏtri¶ces (?), n. pl. [L., nourishes, pl. of altrix.] (Zo”l.) Nursers, Ð a term applied to those birds whose young are hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to require the care of their parents for some time; Ð opposed to pr‘coces. Al¶truÏism (?), n. [F. altruisme (a word of Comte's), It. altrui of or to others, fr. L. alter another.] Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness; Ð opposed to egoism or selfishness. [Recent] J. S. Mill. Al¶truÏist, n. One imbued with altruism; Ð opposed to egoist. Al·truÏis¶tic (?), a. [Cf. F. altruiste, a. See Altruism..] Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; Ð opposed to egoistic or selfish. Bain. Ð Al·truÏis¶ticÏalÏly, adv. Al¶uÏdel (?), n. [F. & Sp. aludel, fr. Ar. aluth¾l.] (Chem.) One of the pearÐshaped pots open at both ends, and so formed as to be fitted together, the neck of one into the bottom of another in succession; Ð used in the process of sublimation. Ure. Ø Al¶uÏla (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. ala a wing.] (Zo”l.) A false or bastard wing. See under Bastard. Al¶uÏlar (?), a. (Zo”l.) Pertaining to the alula. Al¶um (?), n. [OE. alum, alom, OF. alum, F. alun, fr. L. alumen alum.] (Chem.) A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twentyÐfour molecules of water of crystallization. µ Common alum is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to ~ in formula. Al¶um (?), v. t. To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of ~; to treat with ~. Ure. Ø AÏlu¶men (?), n. [L.] (Chem.) Alum. AÏlu¶miÏna (?), n. [L. alumen, aluminis. See Alum.] (Chem.) One of the earths, consisting of two parts of aluminium and three of oxygen, Al2O3. µ It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of aluminous salts, a constituent of a large part of the earthy siliceous minerals, as the feldspars, micas, scapolites, etc., and the characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it exists as an impure silicate with water, resulting from the decomposition of other aluminous minerals. In its natural state, it is the mineral corundum. AÏlu·miÏnate (?), n. (Chem.) A compound formed from the hydrate of aluminium by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen. AÏlu¶miÏna·ted (?). a. Combined with alumina. Al¶uÏmine (?), n. [F.] Alumina. Davy. Al·uÏmin¶ic (?), a. Of or containing aluminium; as, aluminic phosphate. AÏlu·miÏnif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. alumen alum + Ïferous: cf. F. aluminifŠre.] Containing alum. AÏlu¶miÏniÏform (?), a. [L. alumen + Ïform.] pertaining the form of alumina. Al·uÏmin¶iÏum (?), n. [L. alumen. See Alum.] (Chem.) The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation, and for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al. ÷ bronze or gold, a pale goldÐcolored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for journal bearings, etc. AÏlu¶miÏnize (?), v. t. To treat impregnate with alum; to alum. AÏlu¶miÏnous (?), a. [L. aluminosus, fr. alumen alum: cf. F. alumineux.] Pertaining to or containing alum, or alumina; as, aluminous minerals, aluminous solution. AÏlu¶miÏnum (?), n. See Aluminium. Al¶umÏish (?), a. Somewhat like alum. Ø AÏlum¶na (?), n. fem.; pl. Alumn‘ . [L. See Alumnus.] A female pupil; especially, a graduate of a school or college. Ø AÏlum¶nus (?), n.; pl. Alumni (?). [L., fr. alere to nourish.] A pupil; especially, a graduate of a college or other seminary of learning. Al¶um root· (?). (Bot.) A North American herb (Heuchera Americana) of the Saxifrage family, whose root has astringent properties. { Al¶um schist¶ (?), Al¶um shale¶ (?), } (Min.) A variety of shale or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the decomposition of which leads to the formation of alum, which often effloresces on the rock. Al¶um stone· (?). (Min.) A subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite. Al¶uÏnite (?), n. (Min.) Alum stone. AÏlu¶noÏgen (?), n. [F. alun alum + Ïgen.] (Min.) A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of mines and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; Ð also called feather alum, and hair salt. Al¶ure (?), n. [OF. alure, aleure, walk, gait, fr. aler (F. aller) to go.] A walk or passage; Ð applied to passages of various kinds. The sides of every street were covered with fresh alures of marble. T. Warton. Al¶uÏta¶ceous (?), a. [L. alutacius, fr. aluta soft leather.] 1. Leathery. 2. Of a pale brown color; leatherÏyellow. Brande. Al·luÏta¶tion (?), n. [See Alutaceous.] The tanning or dressing of leather. [Obs.] Blount. Al¶veÏaÏry (?), n.; pl. Alvearies (?). [L. alvearium, alveare, beehive, fr. alveus a hollow vessel, beehive, from alvus belly, beehive.] 1. A beehive, or something resembling a beehive. Barret. 2. (Anat.) The hollow of the external ear. Quincy. Al¶veÏa·ted (?), a. [L. alveatus hollowed out.] Formed or vaulted like a beehive. Al¶veÏoÏlar (?; 277), a. [L. alveolus a small hollow or cavity: cf. F. alv‚olaire.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or sockets. ÷ processes, the processes of the maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth. Al¶veÏoÏlaÏry (?), a. Alveolar. [R.] Al¶veÏoÏlate (?), a. [L. alveolatus, fr. alveolus.] (Bot.) Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb. Al¶veÏole (?), n. Same as Alveolus. AlÏve¶oÏliÏform (?), a. [L. alvelous + Ïform.] Having the form of alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or cavities. Ø AlÏve¶oÏlus (?), n.; pl. Alveoli (?). [L., a small hollow or cavity, dim. of alveus: cf. F. alv‚ole. See Alveary.] 1. A cell in a honeycomb. 2. (Zo”l.) A small cavity in a coral, shell, or fossil 3. (Anat.) A small depression, sac, or vesicle, as the socket of a tooth, the air cells of the lungs, the ultimate saccules of glands, etc. Ø Al¶veÏus (?), n.; pl. Alvei (?). [L.] The channel of a river. Weate. Al¶vine (?), a. [L. alvus belly: cf. F. alvin.] Of, from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; as, alvine discharges; alvine concretions. Al¶way (?), adv. Always. [Archaic or Poetic] I would not live alway. Job vii. 16. Al¶ways (?), adv. [All + way. The s is an adverbial (orig. a genitive) ending.] 1. At all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually; as, God is always the same. Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts. Milton. 2. Constancy during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; Ð opposed to sometimes or occasionally. He always rides a black galloway. Bulwer. Ø AÏlys¶sum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, name of a plant, perh. fr. ? priv. + ? raging madness.] (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants; madwort. The sweet alyssum (A. maritimum), cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white, sweetÏscented flowers. Am (?). [AS. am, eom, akin to Gothic im, Icel. em, Olr. am, Lith. esmi, L. sum., Gr. ?, Zend ahmi, Skr. asmi, fr. a root as to be. ?. See Are, and cf. Be, Was.] The first person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mode, present tense. See Be. God said unto Moses, I am that am. Exod. iii. 14. Am·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. [L. amabilitas.] Lovableness. Jer. Taylor. µ The New English Dictionary (Murray) says this word is ½usefully distinct from Amiability.¸ Am·aÏcrat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? together + ? power.] (Photog.) Amasthenic. Sir J. Herschel. Ø Am·aÏdaÏvat¶ (?), n. [Indian name. From Ahmedabad, a city from which it was imported to Europe.] (Zo”l.) The strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird (Estrelda amandava), commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female is olive brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; Ð called also red waxbill. [Written also amaduvad and avadavat.] Am¶aÏdou (?), n. [F. amadou tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr. amadouer to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel. mata to feed, which is akin to E. meat.] A spongy, combustible substance, prepared from fungus (Boletus and Polyporus) which grows on old trees; German tinder; punk. It has been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its common use is as tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by soaking it in a strong solution of niter. Ure. AÏmain¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + main. See 2d Main, n.] 1. With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving the fewness of their enemies, came down amain. Milton. That striping giant, illÐbred and scoffing, shouts amain. T. Parker. 2. At full speed; in great haste; also, at once. ½They fled amain.¸ Holinshed. AÏmain¶, v. t. [F. amener. See Amenable.] (Naut.) To lower, as a sail, a yard, etc. AÏmain¶, v. i. (Naut.) To lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield. AÏmal¶gam (?), n. [F. amalgame, prob. fr. L. malagma, Gr. ?, emollient, plaster, poultice, fr. ? to make soft, fr. ? soft.] 1. An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals; as, an amalgam of tin, bismuth, etc. µ Medalists apply the term to soft alloys generally. 2. A mixture or compound of different things. 3. (Min.) A native compound of mercury and silver. AÏmal¶gam, v. t. ? i. [Cf. F. amalgamer] To amalgamate. Boyle. B. Jonson. Ø AÏmal¶gaÏma (?), n. Same as Amalgam. They divided this their amalgam into a number of incoherent republics. Burke. AÏmal¶gaÏmate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amalgamated; p. pr. & vb. n. Amalgamating.] 1. To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury. 2. To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to unite or combine; as, to amalgamate two races; to amalgamate one race with another. Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted and amalgamated into one. Burke. AÏmal¶gaÏmate, v. i. 1. To unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as quicksilver. 2. To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine into a uniform whole; to blend; as, two organs or parts amalgamate. { AÏmal¶gaÏmate (?), AÏmal¶gaÏma·ted (?), } a. Coalesced; united; combined. AÏmal·gaÏma¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. amalgamation.] 1. The act or operation of compounding mercury with another metal; Ð applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by mixing them with mercury. Ure. 2. The mixing or blending of different elements, races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or blending; a homogeneous union. Macaulay.

AÏmal¶gaÏmaÏtive (?), a. Characterized by amalgamation. AÏmal¶gaÏma·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine for separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an amalgam. AÏmal¶gaÏmize (?), v. t. To amalgamate. [R.] AÏman¶dine (?), n. [F. amande almond. See Almond.] 1. The vegetable casein of almonds. 2. A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for chapped hands, etc. AlÏman¶iÏtine (?), n. [Gr. ? a sort of fungus.] The poisonous principle of some fungi. AÏman·uÏen¶sis (?), n.; pl. Amanuenses (?). [L., fr. a, ab + manus hand.] A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written. Ø AÏmar¶aÏcus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] A fragrant flower. Tennyson. Am¶aÏrant (?), n. Amaranth, 1. [Obs.] Milton. Am·aÏranÏta¶ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the amaranth is the type. Am¶aÏranth (?), n. [L. amarantus, Gr. ?, unfading, amaranth; ? priv. + ? to quench, cause to wither, fr. a root meaning to die, akin to E. mortal; Ð so called because its flowers do not soon wither: cf. F. amarante. The spelling with th seems to be due to confusion with Gr. ? flower.] 1. An imaginary flower supposed never to fade. [Poetic] 2. (Bot.) A genus of ornamental annual plants (Amaranthus) of many species, with green, purplish, or crimson flowers. 2. A color inclining to purple. Am·aÏran¶thine (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to amaranth. ½Amaranthine bowers.¸ Pope.

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2. Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying. They only amaranthine flower on earth Is virtue. Cowper. 3. Of a purplish color. Buchanan. { Am·aÏran¶thus (?), Ø Am·aÏran¶tus (?), } n. Same as Amaranth. Am¶aÏrine (?), n. [L. amarus bitter.] (Chem.) A characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of bitter almonds. AÏmar¶iÏtude (?), n. [L. amaritudo, fr. amarus bitter: cf. OF. amaritude.] Bitterness. [R.] { Am·aÏryl·liÏda¶ceous (?), Am·aÏrylÏlid¶eÏous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants differing from the lily family chiefly in having the ovary below the ?etals. The narcissus and daffodil are members of this family. Ø Am·aÏryl¶lis (?), n. [L. Amaryllis, Gr. ?, ?, the name of a country girl in Theocritus and Virgil.] 1. A pastoral sweetheart. To sport with Amaryllis in the shade. Milton. 2. (bot.) (a) A family of plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus, jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others. (b) A genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily. AÏmass¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Amassing.] [F. ambusher, LL. amassare; L. ad + massa lump, mass. See Mass.] To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; as, to amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words or phrases. The life Homer has been written by amassing all the traditions and hints the writers could meet with. Pope. Syn. - To accumulate; heap up; pile. AÏmass¶, n. [OF. amasse, fr. ambusher.] A mass; a heap. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. AÏmass¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being amassed. AÏmass¶er (?), n. One who amasses. Ø A·mas·sette¶ (?), n. [F. See Amass.] An instrument of horn used for collecting painters' colors on the stone in the process of grinding. AÏmass¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. amassement.] An amassing; a heap collected; a large quantity or number brought together; an accumulation. An amassment of imaginary conceptions. Glanvill. Am·asÏthen¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? together + ? force.] (Photog.) Uniting the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain kind of lens; amacratic. AÏmate¶ (?), v. t. [OF. amater, amatir.] To dismay; to dishearten; to daunt. [Obs. or Archaic] The Silures, to amate the new general, rumored the overthrow greater than was true. Milton. AÏmate¶, v. t. [Pref. aÏ + mate.] To be a mate to; to match. [Obs.] Spenser. Am·aÏteur¶ (?), n. [F., fr. L. amator lover, fr. amare to love.] A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally. Am·aÏteur¶ish, a. In the style of an amateur; superficial or defective like the work of an amateur. Ð Am·aÏteur¶ishÏly, adv. Ð Am·aÏteur¶ishÏness, n. Am¶aÏteurÏism (?), n. The practice, habit, or work of an amateur. Am¶aÏteur·ship, n. The quality or character of an amateur. Am¶aÏtive (?), a. [L. amatus, p. p. of amare to love.] Full of love; amatory. Am¶aÏtiveÏness, n. (Phren.) The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity to love. Combe. Am·aÏto¶riÏal (?), a. [See Amatorious.] Of or pertaining to a lover or to love making; amatory; as, amatorial verses. Am·aÏto¶riÏalÏly, adv. In an amatorial manner. Am·aÏto¶riÏan (?), a. Amatory. [R.] Johnson. Am·aÏto¶riÏous (?), a. [L. amatorius, fr. amare to love.] Amatory. [Obs.] ½Amatorious poem.¸ Milton. Am¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. Pertaining to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; as, amatory potions. Ø Am·auÏro¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? dark, dim.] (Med.) A loss or decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic nerve, without any perceptible external change in the eye; Ð called also gutta ?erena, the ½drop serene¸ of Milton. Am·auÏrot¶ic (?), a. Affected with amaurosis; having the characteristics of amaurosis. AÏmaze¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Amazing.] [Pref. aÏ + maze.] 1. To ??wilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Obs.] A labyrinth to amaze his foes. Shak. 2. To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish greatly. ½Amazing Europe with her wit.¸ Goldsmith. And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David? Matt. xii. 23. Syn. - To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex; surprise. Ð Amaze, Astonish. Amazement includes the notion of bewilderment of difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we are amazed at what we can not in the least account for. Astonishment also implies surprise. It expresses a state in which one is stunned by the vastness or greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as when one is overpowered by the ?normity of an act, etc. AÏmaze¶, v. i. To be astounded. [Archaic] B. Taylor. AÏmaze¶, v. t. Bewilderment, arising from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement. [Chiefly poetic] The wild, bewildered Of one to stone converted by amaze. Byron. AÏmaz¶edÏly (?), adv. In amazement; with confusion or astonishment. Shak. AÏmaz¶edÏness, n. The state of being amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder. Bp. Hall. AÏmaze¶ful (?), a. Full of amazement. [R.] AÏmaze¶ment (?), n. 1. The condition of being amazed; bewilderment [Obs.]; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise, sudden fear, horror, or admiration. His words impression left Of much amazement. Milton. 2. Frenzy; madness. [Obs.] Webster (1661). AÏmaz¶ing (?), a. Causing amazement; very wonderful; ; as, amazing grace. Ð AÏmaz¶ingÏly, adv. Am¶aÏzon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] 1. One of a fabulous race of female warriors in Scythia; hence, a female warrior. 2. A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago. 3. (Zo”l.) A name numerous species of South American parrots of the genus Chrysotis ÷ antÿ(Zo”l.), a species of ant (Polyergus rufescens), of Europe and America. They seize by conquest the larv‘ and nymphs other species and make slaves of them in their own nests. Am·aÏzo¶niÏan (?), a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners; warlike. Shak. 2. Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South America, or to its valley. { Am¶aÏzonÏite (?), Am¶aÏzon stone· (?), } n. [Named from the river Amazon.] (Min.) A variety of feldspar, having a verdigrisÐgreen color. AmbÏ, AmÏbiÏ. [L. prefix ambiÏ, ambÏ, akin to Gr. ?, Skr. abhi, AS. embe, emb, OHG. umbi, umpi, G. um, and also L. ambo both. Cf. AmphiÏ, Both, By.] A prefix meaning about, around; Ð used in words derived from the Latin. Ø AmÏba¶ges (?), n. pl. [L. (usually in pl.); pref. ambiÏ, ambÏ + agere to drive: cf. F. ambage.] A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding; quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech. After many ambages, perspicuously define what this melancholy is. Burton. AmÏbag¶iÏnous (?), a. Ambagious. [R.] AmÏba¶gious (?), a. [L. ambagiosus.] Circumlocutory; circuitous. [R.] AmÏbag¶iÏtoÏry (?), a. Ambagious. [R.] Am¶basÏsade (?), Em¶basÏsade (?), n. [F. ambassade. See Embassy.] 1. The mission of an ambassador. [Obs.] Carew. 2. An embassy. [Obs.] Strype. AmÏbas¶saÏdor (?), EmÏbas¶saÏdor (?), n. [See Embassador.] 1. A minister of the highest rank sent a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country. µ Ambassador are either ordinary [or resident] or extraordinary, that is, sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand. Abbott. 2. An official messenger and representative. AmÏbas·saÏdo¶riÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an ambassador. H. Walpole. AmÏbas·saÏdorÏship (?), n. The state, office, or functions of an ambassador. AmÏbas¶saÏdress (?), n. A female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador. Prescott. Am¶basÏsage (?), n. Same as Embassage. [Obs. or R.] Luke xiv. 32. Am¶basÏsy (?), n. See Embassy, the usual spelling. Helps. Am¶ber , n. [OE. aumbre, F. ambre, Sp. mbar, and with the Ar. article, al mbar, fr. Ar. 'anbar ambergris.] 1. (Min.) A yellowish translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places. It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe mouthpieces, beads, etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By friction, it becomes strongly electric. 2. ÷ color, or anything ~Ðcolored; a clear light yellow; as, the amber of the sky. 3. Ambergris. [Obs.] You that smell of amber at my charge. Beau. & Fl. 4. The balsam, liquidambar. Black ~, and old and popular name for jet. Am¶ber, a. 1. Consisting of ~; made of ~. ½Amber bracelets.¸ Shak. 2. Resembling ~, especially in color; ~Ðcolored. ½The amber morn.¸ Tennyson. Am¶ber, v. t. [p. p. & p. a. Ambered .] 1. To scent or flavor with ambergris; as, ambered wine. 2. To preserve in ~; as, an ambered fly. Am¶ber fish (?). (Zo”l.) A fish of the southern Atlantic coast (Seriola Carolinensis.) Am¶berÏgrease (?), n. See Ambergris. Am¶berÏgris (?), n. [F. ambre gris, i. e., gray amber; F. gris gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. grŒs, G. greis, grayÐhaired. See Amber.] A substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the Indian Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), which is believed to be in all cases its true origin. In color it is white, ashÐgray, yellow, or black, and often variegated like marble. The floating masses are sometimes from sixty to two hundred and twentyÐfive pounds in weight. It is wholly volatilized as a white vapor at 2120 Fahrenheit, and is highly valued in perfumery. Dana. Am¶ber seed· (?). Seed of the Hibiscus abelmoschus, somewhat resembling millet, brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like that of musk; musk seed. Chambers. Am¶ber tree· (?). A species of Anthospermum, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which, when bruised, emit a fragrant odor. Ambes¶Ðas (?), n. AmbsÐace. [Obs.] Chaucer. Am¶biÏdex¶ter (?), a. [LL., fr. L. ambo both + dexter right, dextra (sc. manus) the right hand.] Using both hands with equal ease. Smollett. Am·biÏdex¶ter, n. 1. A person who uses both hands with equal facility. 2. Hence; A doubleÐdealer; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes. The rest are hypocrites, ambidexters, so ??any turning pictures Ð a lion on one side, a lamb on the other. Burton. 3. (Law) A juror who takes money from both parties for giving his verdict. Cowell. Am¶biÏdexÏter¶iÏty (?), n. 1. The quality of being ambidex?rous; the faculty of using both hands with equal facility. Hence: Versatility; general readiness; as, ambidexterity of argumentation. Sterne. Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers, as regarded speed, force, and ambidexterity. De Quincey. 2. DoubleÐdealing. (Law) A juror's taking of money from the both parties for a verdict. Am·biÏdex¶tral (?), a. Pertaining equally to the rightÐhand side and the leftÐhand side. Earle. Am·biÏdex¶trous (?), a. 1. Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal ease. Sir T. Browne. 2. Practicing or siding with both parties. All false, shuffling, and ambidextrous dealings. L'Estrange. Am¶biÏdex¶trousÏly, adv. In an ambidextrous manner; cunningly. Am·biÏdex¶trousÏness (?), n. The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity. Am¶biÏent (?), a. [L. ambiens, p. pr. of ambire to go around; ambÏ + ire to go.] Encompassing on all sides; circumfused; investing. ½Ambient air.¸ Milton. ½Ambient clouds.¸ Pope. Am¶biÏent, n. Something that surrounds or invests; as, air... being a perpetual ambient. Sir H. Wotton. AmÏbig¶eÏnous (?), a. [L. ambo both + genus kind.] Of two kinds. (bot.) Partaking of two natures, as the perianth of some endogenous plants, where the outer surface is calycine, and the inner petaloid. Am¶biÏgu (?), n. [F., fr. ambigu doubtful, L. ambiquus. See Ambiguous.] An entertainment at which a medley of dishes is set on at the same time. Am·biÏgu¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Ambiguities (?). [L. ambiguitas, fr. ambiguus: cf. F. ambiguit‚.] The quality or state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty, particularly as to the signification of language, arising from its admitting of more than one meaning; an equivocal word or expression. No shadow of ambiguity can rest upon the course to be pursued. I. Taylor. The words are of single signification, without any ambiguity. South. AmÏbig¶uÏous (?), a. [L. ambiguus, fr. ambigere to wander about, waver; ambÏ + agere to drive.] Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to signification; capable of being understood in either of two or more possible senses; equivocal; as, an ambiguous course; an ambiguous expression. What have been thy answers? What but dark, Ambiguous, and with double sense deluding? Milton. Syn. - Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct; indeterminate; indefinite. See Equivocal. AmÏbig¶uÏousÏly, adv. In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning. AmÏbig¶uÏousÏness, n. Ambiguity. Am·biÏle¶vous (?), a. [L. ambo both + laevus left.] LeftÐhanded on both sides; clumsy; Ð opposed to ambidexter. [R.] Sir T. Browne. AmÏbil¶oÏquy (?), n. Doubtful or ambiguous language. [Obs.] Bailey. AmÏbip¶aÏrous (?), a. [L. ambo both + parere to bring forth.] (Bot.) Characterized by containing the rudiments of both flowers and leaves; Ð applied to a bud. Am¶bit (?), n. [L. ambitus circuit, fr. ambire to go around. See Ambient.] Circuit or compass. His great parts did not live within a small ambit. Milward. AmÏbi¶tion (?), n. [F. ambition, L. ambitio a going around, especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes (hence, desire for office or honor? fr. ambire to go around. See Ambient, Issue.] 1. The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing. [Obs.] [I] used no ambition to commend my deeds. Milton. 2. An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire for preferment, honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of something. Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way ambition: By that sin fell the angels. Shak. The pitiful ambition of possessing five or six thousand more acres. Burke. AmÏbi¶tion, v. t. [Cf. F. ambitionner.] To seek after ambitiously or eagerly; to covet. [R.] Pausanias, ambitioning the sovereignty of Greece, bargains with Xerxes for his daughter in marriage. Trumbull. AmÏbi¶tionÏist, n. One excessively ambitious. [R.] AmÏbi¶tionÏless, a. Devoid of ambition. Pollok. AmÏbi¶tious (?), a. [L. ambitiosus: cf. F. ambitieux. See Ambition.] 1. Possessing, or controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately desirous of power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. Shak. 2. Strongly desirous; Ð followed by of or the infinitive; as, ambitious to be or to do something. I was not ambitious of seeing this ceremony. Evelyn. Studious of song, and yet ambitious not to sing in vain. Cowper. 3. Springing from, characterized by, or indicating, ambition; showy; aspiring; as, an ambitious style. A giant statue... Pushed by a wild and artless race, From off wide, ambitious base. Collins. AmÏbi¶tiousÏly, adv. In an ambitious manner.

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AmÏbi¶tiousÏness (?), n. The quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness. Ø Am¶biÏtus (?), n. [L. See Ambit, Ambition.] 1. The exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf, or the outline of a bivalve shell. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) A canvassing for votes. Am¶ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ambling (?).] [F. ambler to amble, fr. L. ambulare to walk, in LL., to amble, perh. fr. ambÏ, ambiÏ, and a root meaning to go: cf. Gr. ? to go, E. base. Cf. Ambulate.] 1. To go at the easy gait called an ~; Ð applied to the horse or to its rider. 2. To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go easily or without hard shocks. The skipping king, he ambled up and down. Shak. Sir, your wit ambles well; it goes easily. Shak. Am¶ble, n. 1. A peculiar gait of a horse, in which both legs on the same side are moved at the same time, alternating with the legs on the other side. ½A fine easy amble.¸ B. Jonson. 2. A movement like the ~ of a horse. Am¶bler (?), n. A horse or a person that ambles. Am¶blingÏly, adv. With an ambling gait. AmÏblot¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?, ?, fr. ? an abortion.] Tending to cause abortion. Am¶blyÏgon (?), n. [Gr. ? obtuse + ? angle: cf. F. amblygone.] (Geom.) An obtuseÐangled figure, esp. and obtuseÐangled triangle. [Obs.] AmÏblyg¶oÏnal (?), a. ObtuseÐangled. [Obs.] Hutton. { Ø Am·blyÏo¶piÏa (?), Am¶blyÏo·py (?), } n. [Gr. ?; ? blunt, dim + ? eye: cf. F. amblyopie.] (Med.) Weakness of sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the interior of the eye; the first degree of amaurosis. Am¶blyÏop¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to amblyopy. Quain. Ø AmÏblyp¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? blunt + ?, ?, foot.] (Paleon.) A group of large, extinct, herbivorous mammals, common in the Tertiary formation of the United States. Ø Am¶bo (?), n.; pl. Ambos (?). [LL. ambo, Gr. ?, any rising, a raised stage, pulpit: cf. F. ambon.] A large pulpit or reading desk, in the early Christian churches. Gwilt. Ø Am¶bon (?), n. Same as Ambo. AmÏboy¶na wood (?). A beautiful mottled and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is obtained from the Pterocarpus Indicus of Amboyna, Borneo, etc. Am¶breÏate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the combination of ambreic acid with a base or positive radical. AmÏbre¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to ambrein; Ð said of a certain acid produced by digesting ambrein in nitric acid. Am¶breÏin (?), n. [Cf. F. ambr‚ine. See Amber.] (Chem.) A fragrant substance which is the chief constituent of ambergris. Am¶brite (?), n. [From amber.] A fossil resin occurring in large masses in New Zealand. Am¶brose (?), n. A sweetÏscented herb; ambrosia. See Ambrosia, 3. Turner. AmÏbro¶sia (?; 277), n. [L. ambrosia, Gr. ?, properly fem. of ?, fr. ? immortal, divine; ? priv. + ? mortal (because it was supposed to confer immortality on those who partook of it). ? stands for ?, akin to Skr. mrita, L. mortuus, dead, and to E. mortal.] 1. (Myth.) (a) The fabled food of the gods (as nectar was their drink), which conferred immortality upon those who partook of it. (b) An unguent of the gods,. His dewy locks distilled ambrosia. Milton. 2. A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something very pleasing to the taste or smell. Spenser. 3.ÿFormerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.), a genus of plants, including some coarse and worthless weeds, called ragweed, hogweed, etc. Am¶bro¶siÏac (?), a. [L. ambrosiacus: cf. F. ambrosiaque.] Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious. [R.]½Ambrosiac odors.¸ B. Jonson. AmÏbro¶sial (?), a. [L. ambrosius, Gr. ?.] 1. Consisting of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste or smell; delicious. ½Ambrosial food.¸ ½Ambrosial fragrance.¸ Milton. 2. Divinely excellent or beautiful. ½Shakes his ambrosial curls.¸ Pope. AmÏbro¶sialÏly, adv. After the manner of ambrosia; delightfully. ½Smelt ambrosially.¸ Tennyson. AmÏbro¶sian (?), a. Ambrosial. [R.] . Jonson. AmÏbro¶sian, a. Of or pertaining to St. Ambrose; as, the Ambrosian office, or ritual, a formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St. Ambrose. ÷ chant, the mode of signing or chanting introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century. Am¶broÏsin (?), n. [LL. Ambrosinus nummus.] An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the figure of St. Ambrose on horseback. Am¶broÏtype (?), n. [Gr. ? immortal + Ïtype.] (Photog.) A picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the lights are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a dark background visible through the unsilvered portions of the glass. Am¶bry (?), n.; pl. Ambries (?). [OE. aumbry, almery, OF. almarie, armarie, aumaire, F. armoire, LL. armarium chest, cupboard, orig. a repository for arms, fr. L. arama arms. The word has been confused with almonry. See Armory.] 1. In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker for utensils, vestments, etc. 2. A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard, etc. 3. Almonry. [Improperly so used] Ambs¶Ðace (?), n. [OF. ambesas; ambes both (fr. L. ambo) + as ace. See Ace.] Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad luck; anything of no account or value. Am·buÏla¶cral (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to ambulacra; avenuelike; as, the ambulacral ossicles, plates, spines, and suckers of echinoderms. Am·buÏla¶criÏform (?), a. [Ambulacrum + Ïform.] (Zo”l.)ÿHaving the form of ambulacra. Ø Am·buÏla¶crum (?), n. pl; pl. Ambulacra (?). [L., an alley or covered way.] (Zo”l.) (a) One of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones usually bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which protrude from regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the grooves along the under side of the rays. (b) One of the suckers on the feet of mites. Am¶buÏlance (?), n. [F. ambulance, h“pital ambulant, fr. L. ambulare to walk. See Amble.] (Mil.) (a) A field hospital, so organized as to follow an army in its movements, and intended to succor the wounded as soon as possible. Often used adjectively; as, an ambulance wagon; ambulance stretcher; ambulance corps. (b) An ~ wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from the field, or to a hospital. Am¶buÏlant (?), a. [L. ambulans, p. pr. of ambulare to walk: cf. F. ambulant.] Walking; moving from place to place. Gayton. Am¶buÏlate (?), v. i. [L. ambulare to walk. See Amble.] To walk; to move about. [R.] Southey. Am·buÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. ambulatio.] The act of walking. Sir T. Browne. Am¶buÏlaÏtive (?), a. Walking. [R.] Am¶buÏla·tor (?), n. 1. One who walks about; a walker. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) A beetle of the genus Lamia. (b) A genus of birds, or one of this genus. 3. An instrument for measuring distances; Ð called also perambulator. Knight. Am·buÏlaÏto¶riÏal (?), a. Ambulatory; fitted for walking. Verrill. Am¶buÏlaÏtoÏry (?), a. [L. ambulatorius.] 1. Of or pertaining to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed or fitted for walking; as, an ambulatory animal. 2. Accustomed to move from place to place; not stationary; movable; as, an ambulatory court, which exercises its jurisdiction in different places. The priesthood... before was very ambulatory, and dispersed into all families. Jer. Taylor. 3. Pertaining to a walk. [R.] The princess of whom his majesty had an ambulatory view in his travels. Sir H. Wotton. 4. (Law) Not yet fixed legally, or settled past alteration; alterable; as, the dispositions of a will are ambulatory until the death of the testator. Am¶buÏlaÏtoÏry, n.; pl. Ambulatories (?). [Cf. LL. ambulatorium.] (Arch.) A place to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of a cloister, or within a building. Am¶burÏry (?), n. Same as Anbury. Am·busÏcade¶ (?), n. [F. embuscade, fr. It. imboscata, or Sp. emboscada, fr. emboscar to ambush, fr. LL. imboscare. See Ambush, v. t.] 1. A lying in a wood, concealed, for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a snare laid for an enemy; an ambush. 2. A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an enemy unexpectedly. [R.] Dryden. 3. (Mil.) The body of troops lying in ambush. Am·busÏcade¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ambuscaded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ambuscading (?).] 1. To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush. 2. To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert or lurking place; to waylay. Am·busÏcade¶, v. i. To lie in ambush. Am·busÏca¶do (?), n. Ambuscade. [Obs.] Shak. Am·busÏca¶doed (?), p. p. Posted in ambush; ambuscaded. [Obs.] Am¶bush (?), n. [F. emb–che, fr. the verb. See Ambush, v. t.] 1. A disposition or arrangement of troops for attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device to entrap; a snare. Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege Or ambush from the deep. Milton. 2. A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie in wait to attack by surprise. Bold in close ambush, base in open field. Dryden. 3. The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise; liers in wait. [Obs.] The ambush arose quickly out of their place. Josh. viii. 19. To lay an ~, to post a force in ~. Am¶bush (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ambushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ambushing.] [OE. enbussen, enbushen, OF. embushier, embuissier, F. emb–cher, embusquer, fr. LL. imboscare; in + LL. boscus, buscus, a wood; akin to G. bush, E. bush. See Ambuscade, Bu?h.] 1. To station in ~ with a view to surprise an enemy. By ambushed men behind their temple ?ai?, We have the king of Mexico betrayed. Dryden. 2. To attack by ~; to waylay. Am¶bush, v. i. To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; to lurk. Nor saw the snake that ambushed for his prey. Trumbull. Am¶bushÏer (?), n. One lying in ~. Am¶bushÏment (?), n. [OF. embuschement. See Ambush, v. t.] An ~. [Obs.] 2 Chron. xiii. 13. AmÏbus¶tion (?; 106), n. [L. ambustio.] (Med.) A burn or scald. Blount. Am·eÏbe¶an (?), a. (Zo”l.) See Am?bean. AÏmeer¶, AÏmir¶ (?), n. [See Emir.] 1. Emir. [Obs.] 2. One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan and Scinde. Am¶el (?), n. [OE. amell, OF. esmail, F. ‚mail, of German origin; cf. OHG. smelzi, G. schmelz. See Smelt, v. t.] Enamel. [Obs.] Boyle. Am¶el, v. t. [OE. amellen, OF. esmailler, F. ‚mailler, OF. esmail, F. ‚mail.] To enamel. [Obs.] Enlightened all with stars, And richly ameled. Chapman. Am¶elÏcorn· (?), n. [Ger. amelkorn: cf. MHG. amel, amer, spelt, and L. amylum starch, Gr. ?.] A variety of wheat from which starch is produced; Ð called also French rice. AÏmel¶ioÏraÏble (?), a. Capable of being ameliorated. AÏmel¶ioÏrate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ameliorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ameliorating.] [L. ad + meliorare to make better: cf. F. am‚liorer. See Meliorate.] To make better; to improve; to meliorate. In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition. Macaulay. AÏmel¶ioÏrate, v. i. To grow better; to ~; as, wine ameliorates by age. AÏmel·ioÏra¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. am‚lioration.] The act of ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated; making or becoming better; improvement; melioration. ½Amelioration of human affairs.¸ J. S. Mill. AÏmel¶ioÏraÏtive (?), a. Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or improvement; as, ameliorative remedies, efforts. AÏmel¶ioÏra·tor (?), n. One who ameliorates. A·men¶ (?; 277), interj., adv., & n. [L. amen, Gr. ?, Heb. ¾m?n certainly, truly.] An expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, So be it. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of belief. When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to truly, verily. It is used as a noun, to demote: (a) concurrence in belief, or in a statement; assent; (b) the final word or act; (c) Christ as being one who is true and faithful. And let all the people say, Amen. Ps. cvi. 48. Amen, amen, I say to thee, except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of Gods. John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans. To say ÷ to, to approve warmly; to concur in heartily or emphatically; to ratify; as, I say Amen to all. A·men¶, v. t. To say ÷ to; to sanction fully. AÏmen·naÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being amenable; amenableness. Coleridge. AÏme¶naÏble (?), a. [F. amener to lead; ? (L. ad) = mener to lead, fr. L. minare to drive animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to lead; L. minari, to threaten, minae threats. See Menace.] 1. (Old Law) Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband. [Obs.] Jacob. 2. Liable to be brought to account or punishment; answerable; responsible; accountable; as, amenable to law. Nor is man too diminutive... to be amenable to the divine government. I. Taylor. 3. Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim, etc. 4. Willing to yield or submit; responsive; tractable. Sterling... always was amenable enough to counsel. Carlyle. AÏme¶naÏbleÏness, n. The quality or state of being amenable; liability to answer charges; answerableness. AÏme¶naÏbly, adv. In an amenable manner. Am¶eeÏnage (?), v. t. [OF. amesnagier. See Manage.] To manage. [Obs.] Spenser. Am¶eÏnance (?), n. [OF. See Amenable.] Behavior; bearing. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏmend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amended; p. pr. & vb. n. Amending.] [F. amender, L. emendare; e(ex) + mendum, menda, fault, akin to Skr. minda personal defect. Cf. Emend, Mend.] To change or modify in any way for the better; as, (a) by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous, faulty, and the like; (b) by supplying deficiencies; (c) by substituting something else in the place of what is removed; to rectify. Mar not the thing that can not be amended. Shak. An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or opening for amended thought. De Quincey. We shall cheer her sorrows, and amend her blood, by wedding her to a Norman. Sir W. Scott. To amend a bill, to make some change in the details or provisions of a bill or measure while on its passage, professedly for its improvement. Syn. - To Amend, Emend, Correct, Reform, Rectify. These words agree in the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state. We correct (literally, make

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straight) when we conform things to some standard or rule; as, to correct proof sheets. We amend by removing blemishes, faults, or errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect; as, to amend our ways, to amend a text, the draft of a bill, etc. Emend is only another form of amend, and is applied chiefly to editions of books, etc. To reform is literally to form over again, or put into a new and better form; as, to reform one's life. To rectify is to make right; as, to rectify a mistake, to rectify abuses, inadvertencies, etc. AÏmend¶ (?), v. i. To grow better by rectifying something wrong in manners or morals; to improve. ½My fortune... amends.¸ Sir P. Sidney. AÏmend¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being amended; as, an amendable writ or error. Ð AÏmend¶aÏbleÏness, n. AÏmend¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory. Bancroft. Ø A·mende¶ (?), n. [F. See Amend.] A pecuniary punishment or fine; a reparation or recantation. ÷ honorable (?). (Old French Law) A species of infamous punishment in which the offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, and a lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his God, the court, etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a public apology or recantation, and reparation to an injured party, for improper language or treatment. AÏmend¶er (?), n. One who amends. AÏmend¶ful (?), a. Much improving. [Obs.] AÏmend¶ment (?), n. [F. amendement, LL. amendamentum.] 1. An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by quitting vices. 2. In public bodies; Any alternation made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing, substituting, or omitting. 3. (Law) Correction of an error in a writ or process. Syn. - Improvement; reformation; emendation. AÏmends¶ (?), n. sing. & pl. [F. amendes, pl. of amende. Cf. Amende.] Compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation. [Now const. with sing. verb.] ½An honorable amends.¸ Addison. Yet thus far fortune maketh us amends. Shak. AÏmen¶iÏty (?), n. pl. Amenities (?). [F. am‚nit‚, L. amoenitas, fr. amoenus pleasant.] The quality of being pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate, manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity; gentleness. A sweetness and amenity of temper. Buckle. This climate has not seduced by its amenities. W. Howitt. Ø AÏmen·orÏrh?¶a (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? month + ? to flow: cf. F. am‚norrh‚e.] (Med.) Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge. AÏmen·orÏrh?¶al (?), a. Pertaining to amenorrh?a. Ø A men¶sa et tho¶ro (?). [L., from board and bed.] (Law) A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bong, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife. Abbott. Am¶ent (?), n. [L. amentum thong or strap.] (Bot.) A species of inflorescence; a catkin. The globular ament of a buttonwood. Coues. Am·enÏta¶ceous (?), a. [LL. amentaceus.] (Bot.) (a) Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; as, the chestnut has an amentaceous inflorescence. (b) Bearing aments; having flowers arranged in aments; as, amentaceous plants. Ø AÏmen¶tiÏa (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Imbecility; total want of understanding. Am·enÏtif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. amentum + Ïferous.] (Bot.) Bearing catkins. Balfour. AÏmen¶tiÏform (?), a. [L. amentum + Ïform.] (Bot.) Shaped like a catkin. Ø AÏmen¶tum (?), n.; pl. Amenta (?). Same as Ament. Am¶eÏnuse (?), v. t. [OF. amenuisier. See Minute.] To lessen. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏmerce¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amerced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Amercing.] [OF. amercier, fr. a merci at the mercy of, liable to a punishment. See Mercy.] 1. To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars. µ The penalty of fine may be expressed without a preposition, or it may be introduced by in, with, or of. 2. To punish, in general; to mulct. Millions of spirits for his fault amerced Of Heaven. Milton.

Shall by him be amerced with penance due. Spenser. AÏmerce¶aÏble (?), a. Liable to be amerced. AÏmerce¶ment (?), n. [OF. amerciment.] The infliction of a penalty at the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus imposed. It differs from a fine,in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or practice of affeering. [See Affeer.] Blackstone. µ This word, in old books, is written amerciament. ÷ royal, a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office. Jacobs. AÏmer¶cer (?), n. One who amerces. AÏmer¶ciaÏment (?), n. [LL. amerciamentum.] Same as Amercement. Mozley & W. AÏmer¶iÏcan (?), a. [Named from Ameri?us Vespucius.] 1. Of or pertaining to America; as, the American continent: American Indians. 2. Of or pertaining to the United States. ½A young officer of the American navy.¸ Lyell. ÷ ivy. See Virginia creeper. Ð ÷ Party (U. S. Politics), a party, about 1854, which opposed the influence of foreignÐborn citizens, and those supposed to owe allegiance to a foreign power. Ð Native ~ Party (U. S. Politics), a party of principles similar to those of the ÷ party. It arose about 1843, but soon died out. AÏmer¶iÏcan (?), n. A native of America; Ð originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and especially to the citizens of the United States. The name American must always exalt the pride of patriotism. Washington. AÏmer¶iÏcanÏism (?), n. 1. Attachment to the United States. 2. A custom peculiar to the United States or to America; an American characteristic or idea. 3. A word or phrase peculiar to the United States. AÏmer·iÏcanÏiÏza¶tion (?), n. The process of Americanizing. AÏmer¶iÏcanÏize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Americanizer (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Americanizing.] To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics. Ames¶Ðace (?), n. Same as AmbsÐace. Am¶ess (?), n. (Eccl.) Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d Amice. Ø Am·eÏtab¶oÏla (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) A group of insects which do not undergo any metamorphosis. [Written also Ametabolia.] AÏmet·aÏbo¶liÏan (?), a. [Gr. ? unchangeable; ? priv. + ? changeable, ? to change.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to insects that do undergo any metamorphosis. { AÏme·aÏbol¶ic (?), Am·eÏtab¶oÏlous, } a. (Zo”l.) Not undergoing any metamorphosis; as, ametabolic insects. AÏmeth¶oÏdist (?), n. [Pref. aÏ not + methodist.] One without method; a quack. [Obs.] Am¶eÏthyst (?), [F. ametiste, amatiste, F. am‚thyste, L. amethystus, fr. Gr. ? without drunkenness; as a noun, a remedy for drunkenness, the amethyst, supposed to have this power; ? priv. + ? to be drunken, ? strong drink, wine. See Mead.] 1. (Min.) A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone. Oriental ~, the violetÐblue variety of transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire. 2. (Her.) A purple color in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms. Am·eÏthys¶tine (?), a. [L. amethystinus, Gr. ?.] 1. Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish violet. 2. Composed of, or containing, amethyst. Ø Am·eÏtro¶piÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? irregular + ?, ?, eye.] (Med.) Any abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye. Ð Am·eÏtrop¶ic (?), a. AmÏhar¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; as, the Amharic language is closely allied to the Ethiopic. Ð n. The Amharic language (now the chief language of Abyssinia). Ø Am¶iÏa (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a kind of tunny.] (Zo”l.) A genus of freshÐwater ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to North America; called bowfin in Lake Champlain, dogfish in Lake Erie, and mudfish in South Carolina, etc. See Bowfin. A·miÏaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of disposition. Every excellency is a degree of amiability. Jer. Taylor. A¶miÏaÏble (?), a. [F. amiable, L. amicabilis friendly, fr. amicus friend, fr. amare to love. The meaning has been influenced by F. aimable, L. amabilis lovable, fr. amare to love. Cf. Amicable, Amorous, Amability.] 1. Lovable; lovely; pleasing. [Obs. or R.] So amiable a prospect. Sir T. Herbert. 2. Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood; amiable ideas. 3. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper, kindÐheartedness, etc., which causes one to be liked; as, an amiable woman. 4. Done out of love. [Obs.] Lay an amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife. Shak. A·miÏaÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being amiable; amiability. A¶miÏaÏbly, adv. In an amiable manner. Am¶iÏanth (?), n. See Amianthus. [Poetic] Am·iÏan¶thiÏform (?), a. [Amianthus + Ïform.] Resembling amianthus in form. Am·iÏan¶thoid (?), a. [Amianthus + Ïoid: cf. F. amianto‹de.] Resembling amianthus. Am·iÏan¶thus (?), n. [L. amiantus, Gr. ? ? (lit., unsoiled stone) a greenish stone, like asbestus; ? priv. + ? to stain, to defile; so called from its incombustibility.] (Min.) Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky variety of asbestus. Am¶ic (?), a. [L. ammonia + Ïic.] (Chem.) Related to, or derived, ammonia; Ð used chiefly as a suffix; as, amic acid; phosphamic acid. ÷ acid (Chem.), one of a class of nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides. Am·iÏcaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness. Ash. Am¶iÏcaÏble (?), a. [L. amicabilis, fr. amicus friend, fr. amare to love. See Amiable.] Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness; after the manner of friends; peaceable; as, an amicable disposition, or arrangement. That which was most remarkable in this contest was... the amicable manner in which it was managed. Prideoux. ÷ action (Law.), an action commenced and prosecuted by ~ consent of the parties, for the purpose of obtaining a decision of the court on some matter of law involved in it. Bouvier. Burrill. Ð ÷ numbers (Math.), two numbers, each of which is equal to the sum of all the aliquot parts of the other. Syn. - Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious. Ð Amicable, Friendly. Neither of these words denotes any great warmth of affection, since friendly has by no means the same strength as its noun friendship. It does, however, imply something of real cordiality; while amicable supposes very little more than that the parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel. Hence, we speak of amicable relations between two countries, an amicable adjustment of difficulties. ½Those who entertain friendly feelings toward each other can live amicably together.¸ Am¶iÏcaÏbleÏness (?), n. The quality of being amicable; amicability. Am¶iÏcaÏbly, adv. In an amicable manner. Am¶ice (?), n. [OE. amyse, prob. for amyt, OF. amit, ameit, fr. L. amictus cloak, the word being confused with amice, almuce, a hood or cape. See next word.] A square of white linen worn at first on the head, but now about the neck and shoulders, by priests of the Roman Catholic Church while saying Mass. µ Examples of the use of the words amice, a square of linen, and amice, amess, or amyss, a hood or cape, show confusion between them from an early date. Am¶ice, n. [OE. amuce, amisse, OF. almuce, aumuce, F. aumusse, LL. almucium, almucia, aumucia: of unknown origin; cf. G. mtze cap, prob. of the same origin. Cf. Mozetta.] (Eccl.) A hood, or cape with a hood, made of lined with gray fur, formerly worn by the clergy; Ð written also amess, amyss, and almuce. AÏmid¶ (?), prep. See Amidst. Am¶ide (?; 277), n. [Ammonia + Ïide.] (Chem.) A compound formed by the union of amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an acid atom or radical. Acid ~, a neutral compound formed by the substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an acid. Am¶iÏdin (?), n. [Cf. F. amidine, fr. amido? starch, fr. L. amylum, Gr. ? fine meal, neut. of ? not ground at the mill, Ð hence, of the finest meal; ? priv. + ?, ?, mill. See Meal.] (Chem.) Start modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like horn. It is soluble in cold water. AÏmi¶do (?), a. [From Amide.] (Chem.) Containing, or derived from, amidogen. ÷ acid, an acid in which a portion of the nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the ~ group. The ~ acids are both basic and acid. Ð ÷ group, amidogen, NH2. AÏmid¶oÏgen (?), n. [Amide + Ïgen.] (Chem.) A compound radical, NH2, not yet obtained in a separate state, which may be regarded as ammonia from the molecule of which one of its hydrogen atoms has been removed; Ð called also the amido group, and in composition represented by the form amido. AÏmid¶ships (?), adv. (Naut.) In the middle of a ship, with regard to her length, and sometimes also her breadth. Totten. { AÏmidst¶ (?) , AÏmid¶ (?), } prep. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a later addition, as in whilst, amongst, alongst. See Mid.] In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. ½This fair tree amidst the garden.¸ ½Unseen amid the throng.¸ ½Amidst thick clouds.¸ Milton. ½Amidst acclamations.¸ ½Amidst the splendor and festivity of a court.¸ Macaulay. But rather famish them amid their plenty. Shak. Syn. Ð Amidst, Among. These words differ to some extent from each other, as will be seen from their etymology. Amidst denotes in the midst or middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this work was written amidst many interruptions. Among denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects; as, ½He fell among thieves.¸ ½Blessed art thou among women.¸ Hence, we say, among the moderns, among the ancients, among the thickest of trees, among these considerations, among the reasons I have to offer. Amid and amidst are commonly used when the idea of separate or distinguishable objects is not prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on amidst the storm, amidst the gloom, he was sinking amidst the waves, he persevered amidst many difficulties; in none of which cases could among be used. In like manner, Milton speaks of Abdiel, Ð The seraph Abdiel, faithful found; Among the faithless faithful only he, because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the poet adds, Ð From amidst them forth he passed, we have rather the idea of the angels as a collective body. Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods amidst which he was born. Macaulay. Am¶ine (?; 277), n. [Ammonia + Ïine.] (Chem.) One of a class of strongly basic substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical. Am¶iÏoid (?), a. (Zo”l.) Like or pertaining to the Amioidei. Ð n. One of the Amioidei. Ø Am·iÏoi¶deÏi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Amia + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) An order of ganoid fishes of which Amis is type. See Bowfin and Ganoidei. Ø AÏmir¶ (?), n. Same as Ameer. AÏmiss¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + miss.] Astray; faultily; improperly; wrongly; ill. What error drives our eyes and ears amiss? Shak. Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss. James iv. 3. To take (an act, thing) amiss, to impute a wrong motive to (an act or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; as, you must not take these questions amiss.

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AÏmiss¶ (?), a. Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss to ask advice. [Used only in the predicate.] Dryden. His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is amiss in himself or his circumstances. Wollaston. AÏmiss¶, n. A fault, wrong, or mistake. [Obs.] Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss. Shak. AÏmis·siÏbil¶iÏty (?), [Cf. F. amissibilit‚. See Amit.] The quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost. [R.] Notions of popular rights and the amissibility of sovereign power for misconduct were alternately broached by the two great religious parties of Europe. Hallam. AÏmis¶siÏble (?), a. [L. amissibilis: cf. F. amissible.] Liable to be lost. [R.] AÏmis¶sion (?), n. [L. amissio: cf. F. amission.] Deprivation; loss. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AÏmit¶ (?), v. t. [L. amittere, amissum, to lose; a (ab) + mittere to send. See Missile.] To lose. [Obs.] A lodestone fired doth presently amit its proper virtue. Sir T. Browne. Am¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Amities (?). [F. amiti‚, OF. amisti‚, amist‚, fr. an assumed LL. amisitas, fr. L. amicus friendly, from amare to love. See Amiable.] Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations; good understanding; as, a treaty of amity and commerce; the amity of the Whigs and Tories. To live on terms of amity with vice. Cowper. Syn. - Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good will; peace. Ø Am¶ma (?), n. [LL. amma, prob. of interjectional or imitative origin: cf. Sp. ama, G. amme, nurse, Basque ama mother, Heb. ?m, Ar. immun, ummun.] An abbes or spiritual mother. Am¶meÏter (?), n. (Physics) A contraction of amperometer or ampŠremeter. Am¶miÏral (?), n. An obsolete form of admiral. ½The mast of some great ammiral.¸ Milton. Am¶mite (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, sandstone, fr. ? or ? sand.] (Geol.) O”lite or roestone; Ð written also hammite. [Obs.] Am¶moÏdyte (?), n. [L. ammodytes, Gr. ? sand burrower, a kind of serpent; ? sand + ? diver, ? to dive.] (Zo”l.) (a) One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel. (b) A kind of viper in southern Europe. [Obs.] AmÏmo¶niÏa (?), n. [From sal ammoniac, which was first obtaining near the temple of Jupiter Ammon, by burning camel's dung. See Ammoniac.] (Chem.) A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste: Ð often called volatile alkali, and spirits of hartshorn. { AmÏmo¶niÏac (?), Am·moÏni¶aÏcal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to ammonia, or possessing its properties; as, an ammoniac salt; ammoniacal gas. Ammoniacal engine, an engine in which the vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force. Ð Sal ammoniac [L. sal ammoniacus], the salt usually called chloride of ammonium, and formerly muriate of ammonia. AmÏmo¶niÏac (or Gum· amÏmo¶niÏac), n. [L. Ammoniacum, Gr. ? a resinous gum, said to distill from a tree near the temple of Jupiter Ammon; cf. F. ammoniac. See Ammonite.] (Med.) The concrete juice (gum resin) of an umbelliferous plant, the Dorema ammoniacum. It is brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in spirit of wine, and is used in medicine as an expectorant and resolvent, and for the formation of certain plasters. AmÏmo¶niÏa·ted (?), a. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with ammonia. AmÏmo¶nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to ammonia. Am¶monÏite (?), n. [L. cornu Ammonis born of Ammon; L. Ammon, Gr. ? an appellation of Jupiter, as represented with the horns of a ram. It was originally the name of an. Egyptian god, Amun.] (Paleon.) A fossil cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are many genera and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of the septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal. Also called serpent stone, snake stone, and cornu Ammonis. Am·monÏiÏtif¶erÏous (?), a. [Ammonite + Ïferous.] Containing fossil ammonites. Ø AmÏmon·iÏtoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Ammonite + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) An extensive group of fossil cephalopods often very abundant in Mesozoic rocks. See Ammonite. AmÏmo¶niÏum (?), n. [See Ammonia.] (Chem.) A compound radical, NH4, having the chemical relations of a strongly basic element like the alkali metals. Am·muÏni¶tion (?), n. [F. amunition, for munition, prob. caused by taking la munition as l'amunition. See Munition.] 1. Military stores, or provisions of all kinds for attack or defense. [Obs.] 2. Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc. 3. Any stock of missiles, literal or figurative. ÷ bread, shoes, etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied to the soldiers. [Eng.] Am·muÏni¶tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ammunitioned (?); p pr. & vb. n. Ammunitioning.] To provide with ammunition. Ø AmÏne¶siÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to remember.] (Med.) Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech, from cerebral disease, in which the patient substitutes wrong words or names in the place of those he wishes to employ. Quian. AmÏne¶sic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to amnesia. ½Amnesic or co”rdinate defects.¸ Quian. AmÏnes¶tic (?), a. Causing loss of memory. Am¶nesÏty (?), n. [L. amnestia, Gr. ?, a forgetting, fr. ? forgotten, forgetful; ? priv. + ? to remember: cf. F. amnistie, earlier amnestie. See Mean, v.] 1. Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion. 2. An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection. Am¶nesÏty, v. t. [imp. p. p. Amnestied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Amnestying.] To grant ~ to. AmÏnic¶oÏlist (?), n. [L. amnicola, amnis a river + colere to dwell.] One who lives near a river. [Obs.] Bailey. AmÏnig¶eÏnous (?), a. [L. amnigena; amnis a river + root gen of gignere to beget.] Born or bred in, of, or near a river. [Obs.] Bailey. Am¶niÏon (?), n. [Gr. ? the membrane round the fetus, dim. of ? lamb.] (Anat.) A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Am¶niÏos (?), n. Same as Amnion. Ø Am·niÏo¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Amnion.] (Zo”l.) That group of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life the envelope called the amnion. It comprises the reptiles, the birds, and the mammals. Am·niÏot¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. amniotique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; as, the amniotic fluid; the amniotic sac. ÷ acid. (Chem.) [R.] See Allantoin. AÏm?¶ba (?), n; pl. L. Am?b‘ (?); E. Am?bas (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? change.] (Zo”l.) A rhizopod. common in fresh water, capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See Rhizopoda. Ø Am·?Ïb‘¶um (?), n. [L. amoebaeus, Gr. ?, alternate; L. amoebaeum carmen, Gr. ? ?, a responsive song, fr. ? change.] A poem in which persons are represented at speaking alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of Virgil. Ø Am·?Ïbe¶a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) That division of the Rhizopoda which includes the am?ba and similar forms. Am·?Ïbe¶an (?), a. Alternately answering. AÏm?¶biÏan (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Am?bea. { AÏm?¶biÏform (?), AÏm?¶boid (?), } a. [Am?ba + Ïform or Ïoid.] (Biol.) Resembling an am?ba; am?baÐshaped; changing in shape like an am?ba. ÷ movement, movement produced, as in the am?ba, by successive processes of prolongation and retraction. AÏm?¶bous (?), a. Like an am?ba in structure. Am·oÏli¶tion (?), n. [L. amolitio, fr. amoliri to remove; a (ab) + moliri to put in motion.] Removal; a putting away. [Obs.] Bp. Ward (1673). Ø AÏmo¶mum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ? an Indian spice plant.] (Bot.) A genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear cardamoms, and grains of paradise. AÏmon¶este (?), v. t. To admonish. [Obs.] { AÏmong¶ (?), AÏmongst¶ (?), } prep. [OE. amongist, amonges, amonge, among, AS. onmang, ongemang, gemang, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending Ïst see Amidst. See Mingle.] 1. Mixed or mingled; surrounded by. They heard, And from his presence hid themselves among The thickest trees. Milton.

2. Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of the number of; in the number or class of. Blessed art thou among women. Luke i. 28. 3. Expressing a relation of dispersion, distribution, etc.; also, a relation of reciprocal action. What news among the merchants? Shak. Human sacrifices were practiced among them. Hume. Divide that gold amongst you. Marlowe. Whether they quarreled among themselves, or with their neighbors. Addison. Syn. - Amidst; between. See Amidst, Between. Ø AÏmon·tilÏla¶do (?), n. [Sp.] A dry kind of cherry, of a light color. Simmonds. Am¶oÏret (?), n. [OF. amorette, F. amourette, dim. of amour.] 1. An amorous girl or woman; a wanton. [Obs.] J. Warton. 2. A love knot, love token, or love song. (pl.) Love glances or love tricks. [Obs.] 3. A petty love affair or amour. [Obs.] Am¶oÏrette¶ (?), n. An amoret. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Am¶oÏrist (?), n. [L. armor love. See Amorous.] A lover; a gallant. [R.] Milton. It was the custom for an amorist to impress the name of his mistress in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with letters fixed upon his shoe. Southey. AÐmorn¶ings (?), adv. [See Amorwe. The Ïs is a genitival ending. See Ïwards.] In the morning; every morning. [Obs.] And have such pleasant walks into the woods AÏmornings. J. Fletcher. Ø Am·oÏro¶sa (?), n. [It. amoroso, fem. amorosa.] A wanton woman; a courtesan. Sir T. Herbert. Am·oÏros¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being amorous; lovingness. [R.] Galt. Ø Am·oÏro¶so (?), n. [It. amoroso, LL. amorosus.] A lover; a man enamored. Ø Am·oÏro¶so, adv. [It.] (Mus.) In a soft, tender, amatory style. Am¶oÏrous (?), a. [OF. amoros, F. amoreux, LL. amorosus, fr. L. amor love, fr. amare to love.] 1. Inclined to love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment; loving; fond; affectionate; as, an amorous disposition. 2. Affected with love; in love; enamored; Ð usually with of; formerly with on. Thy roses amorous of the moon. Keats. High nature amorous of the good. Tennyson. Sure my brother is amorous on Hero. Shak. 3. Of or relating to, or produced by, love. ½Amorous delight.¸ Milton. ½Amorous airs.¸ Waller. Syn. - Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate; devoted; ardent. Am¶oÏrousÏly, adv. In an amorous manner; fondly. Am¶oÏrousÏness, n. The quality of being amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness. AÏmor¶pha (?), n.; pl. Amorphas (?). [Gr. ? shapeless.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous shrubs, having long clusters of purple flowers; false or bastard indigo. Longfellow. AÏmor¶phism (?), n. [See Amorphous.] A state of being amorphous; esp. a state of being without crystallization even in the minutest particles, as in glass, opal, etc. There are stony substances which, when fused, may cool as glass or as stone; the glass state is (Chem.) spoken of as a state of amorphism. AÏmor¶phous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? form.] 1. Having no determinate form; of irregular; shapeless. Kirwan. 2. Without crystallization in the ultimate texture of a solid substance; uncrystallized. 3. Of no particular kind or character; anomalous. Scientific treatises... are not seldom rude and amorphous in style. Hare. Ð AÏmor¶phousÏly, adv. Ð AÏmor¶phousÏness, n. Ø AÏmor·phoÏzo¶a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? shapeless; ? priv. + ? form + ? animal.] (Zo”l.) Animals without a mouth or regular internal organs, as the sponges. AÏmor·phoÏzo¶ic (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Amorphozoa. AÏmor¶phy (?), n. [Gr. ?: cf. F. amorphie. See Amorphous.] Shapelessness. [Obs.] Swift. AÏmort¶ (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + F. mort death, dead; all amort is for alamort.] As if dead; lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed. Shak. AÏmor¶tise (?), v., AÏmor·tiÏsa¶tion (?), n., AÏmor¶tisÏaÏble (?), a. AÏmor¶tiseÏment (?), n. Same as Amortize, Amortization, etc. AÏmor¶tizÏaÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. amortissable.] Capable of being cleared off, as a debt. AÏmor·tiÏza¶tion (?), n. [LL. amortisatio, admortizatio. See Amortize, and cf. Admortization.] 1. (Law) The act or right of alienating lands to a corporation, which was considered formerly as transferring them to dead hands, or in mortmain. 2. The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund; also, the money thus paid. Simmonds. AÏmor¶tize (?), v. t. [OE. amortisen, LL. amortisare, admortizare, F. amortir to sell in mortmain, to extinguish; L. ad + mors death. See Mortmain. 1. To make as if dead; to destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Law) To alienate in mortmain, that is, to convey to a corporation. See Mortmain. 3. To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund. AÏmor¶tizeÏment (?), n. [F. amortissement.] Same as Amortization. AÏmor¶we (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ on + OE. morwe. See Morrow.] 1. In the morning. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. On the following morning. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏmo¶tion (?), n. [L. amotio. See Amove.] 1. Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate officer from his office. 2. Deprivation of possession. Ø AÏmo¶tus (?), a. [L., withdrawn (from it?place).] (Zo”l.) Elevated, Ð as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does not touch the ground. AÏmount¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Amounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Amounting.] [OF. amonter to increase, advance, ascend, fr. amont (equiv. to L. ad montem to the mountain) upward, F. amont up the river. See Mount, n.] 1. To go up; to ascend. [Obs.] So up he rose, and thence amounted straight. Spenser. 2. To rise or reach by an accumulation of particular sums or quantities; to come (to) in the aggregate or whole; Ð with to or unto. 3. To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance, or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically (to); as, the testimony amounts to very little. AÏmount¶, v. t. To signify; to ~ to. [Obs.] AÏmount¶, n. 1. The sum total of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole quantity; a totality; as, the amount of 7 and 9 is 16; the amount of a bill; the amount of this year's revenue. 2. The effect, substance, value, significance, or result; the sum; as, the amount of the testimony is this. The whole amount of that enormous fame. Pope. AÏmour¶ (?), n. [F., fr. L. amor love.] 1. Love; affection. [Obs.] 2. Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love affair. In amours with, in love with. [Obs.]

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Ø A¶mour· pro¶pre (?). [F.] SelfÐlove; selfÐesteem. AÏmov·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. Liability to be removed or dismissed from office. [R.] T. Jefferson. AÏmov¶aÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. amovible.] Removable. AÏmove¶ (?), v. t. [L. amovere; aÐ (ab) + movere to move: cf. OF. amover.] 1. To remove, as a person or thing, from a position. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. 2. (Law) To dismiss from an office or station. AÏmove¶, v. t. & i. [OE. amovir, L. admovere to move to, to excite; ad + movere.] To move or be moved; to excite. [Obs.] Spenser. Am¶peÏlite (?), n. [L. ampelitis, Gr. ?, fr. ? vine.] (Min.) An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the ancients to kill insects, etc., on vines; Ð applied by Brongniart to a carbonaceous alum schist. { Ø Am·pŠre¶ (?), AmÏpere¶ (?),} n. [From the name of a French electrician.] (Elec.) The unit of electric current; Ð defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electroÐmagnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the international ampŠre. { Ø Am·pŠre¶me·ter (?), Am·peÏrom¶eÏter (?),} n. [AmpŠre + meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the strength of an electrical current in ampŠres. Am¶perÏsand (?), n. [A corruption of and, per se and, i. e., ? by itself makes and.] A word used to describe the character ?, ?, or &. Halliwell. AmÏphiÏ. [Gr. ?.] A prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying both, of both kinds, on both sides, about, around. Am·phiÏarÏthro¶diÏal (?), a. [Pref. amphiÐ + arthrodial.] Characterized by amphiarthrosis. Am·phiÏarÏthro¶sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ? a joining, ? a joint.] (Anat.) A form of articulation in which the bones are connected by intervening substance admitting slight motion; symphysis. Am¶phiÏas·ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ? a star.] (Biol.) The achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cellÐdivision, consisting of two asters connected by a spindleÐshaped bundle of rodlike fibers diverging from each aster, and called the spindle. Ø AmÏphib¶iÏa (?), n. pl. [See Amphibium.] (Zo”l.) One of the classes of vertebrates. µ The Amphibia are distinguished by having usually no scales, by having eggs and embryos similar to those of fishes, and by undergoing a complete metamorphosis, the young having gills. There are three living orders: (1) The tailless, as the frogs (Anura); (2) The tailed (Urodela), as the salamanders, and the siren group (Sirenoidea), which retain the gills of the young state (hence called Perennibranchiata) through the adult state, among which are the siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The C?cilians, or serpentlike Amphibia (Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona), with minute scales and without limbs. The extinct Labyrinthodouts also belonged to this class. The term is sometimes loosely applied to both reptiles and amphibians collectively. AmÏphib¶iÏal (Ðal), & n. Amphibian. [R.] AmÏphib¶iÏan (Ðan), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; as, amphibian reptiles. AmÏphib¶iÏan, n. (Zo”l.) One of the Amphibia. AmÏphib·iÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to amphibiology. AmÏphib·iÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? amphibious + Ðlogy: cf. F. amphibiologie.] A treatise on amphibious animals; the department of natural history which treats of the Amphibia. Ø AmÏphib·iÏot¶iÏca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ? pertaining to life.] (Zo”l.) A division of insects having aquatic larv‘. AmÏphib¶iÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? living a double life, i. e., both on land in water; ? + ? life.] 1. Having the ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs, crocodiles, beavers, and some plants. 2. Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with, both land and water. The amphibious character of the Greeks was already determined: they were to be lords of land and sea. Hare. 3. Of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures. Not in free and common socage, but in this amphibious subordinate class of villein socage. Blackstone. AmÏphib¶iÏousÏly, adv. Like an amphibious being. AmÏphib¶iÏousÏness, n. The quality of being amphibious; ability to live in two elements. Ø AmÏphib¶iÏum (?), n.; pl. L. Amphibia (?); E. Amphibiums (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? (sc. ? an animal). See Amphibious.] An amphibian. Am·phiÏbias¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? + ? tending to sprout.] (Biol.) Segmenting unequally; Ð said of telolecithal ova with complete segmentation. Am¶phiÏbole (?), n. [Gr. ? doubtful, equivocal, fr. ? to throw round, to doubt: cf. F. amphibole. Hay so named the genus from the great variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.] (Min.) A common mineral embracing many varieties varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and black. It is a silicate of magnetism and calcium, with usually aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are tremolite, actinolite, asbestus, edenite, hornblende (the last name being also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite, most varieties of trachyte, etc. See Hornblende. Am·phiÏbol¶ic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal. 2. Of or resembling the mineral amphibole. AmÏphib·oÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Of doubtful meaning; ambiguous. ½Amphibological expressions.¸ Jer. Taylor. Ð AmÏphib·oÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. Am·phiÏbol¶oÏgy (?), n.; pl. Amphibologies (?). [L. amphibologia, for amphibolia, fr. Gr. ?, with the ending Ðlogia as if fr. Gr. ? ambiguous + ? speech: cf. F. amphibologie. See Amphiboly.] A phrase, discourse, or proposition, susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, of uncertain meaning. It differs from equivocation, which arises from the twofold sense of a single term. AmÏphib¶oÏlous (?), a. [L. amphibolus, Gr. ? thrown about, doubtful. [Obs.] Never was there such an amphibolous quarrel Ð both parties declaring themselves for the king. Howell. 2. (Logic) Capable of two meanings. An amphibolous sentence is one that is capable of two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but from its admitting of a double construction; e. g., ½The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose.¸ Whately. AmÏphib¶oÏly (?), n.; pl. Amphibolies (?). [L. amphibolia, Gr. ?: cf. OE. amphibolie. See Amphibolous.] Ambiguous discourse; amphibology. If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create an amphiboly, a double meaning where there is none. Whitlock. Am¶phiÏbranch (?), n. [L. ?, Gr. ? short at both ends; ? + ? short.] (Anc. Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short (? Ð ?); as, h?b?r?. In modern prosody the accented syllable takes the place of the long and the unaccented of the short; as, proÐphet¶ic. { Am·phiÏcar¶pic (?), Am·phiÏcar¶pous (?),} a. [Gr. ? + ? fruit.] (Bot.) Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of ripening. Am·phiÏchro¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? + ? color.] (Chem.) Exhibiting or producing two colors, as substances which in the color test may change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red. { Am·phiÏc?¶liÏan (?), Am·phiÏc?¶lous (?),} a. [Gr. ? hollowed all round; ? + ? hollow.] (Zo”l.) Having both ends concave; biconcave; Ð said of vertebr‘. Am¶phiÏcome (?), n. [Gr. ? with hair all round; ? + ? hair.] A kind of figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in divination. [Obs.] Encyc. Brit. AmÏphic·tyÏon¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their League or Council; as, an Amphictyonic town or state; the Amphictyonic body. W. Smith. AmÏphic¶tyÏons (?), n. pl. [L. Amphictyones, Gr. ?. Prob. the word was orig. ? dwellers around, neighbors.] (Grecian Hist.) Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a congress or council. They considered both political and religious matters. AmÏphic¶tyÏoÏny (?), n.; pl. Amphictyonies (?). [Gr. ?.] (Grecian Hist.) A league of states of ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated confederation known as the Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to maintain the common interests of Greece. Am¶phid (?), n. [Gr. ? both: cf. F. amphide.] (Chem.) A salt of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a base, or by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or tellurides, as distinguished from a haloid compound. [R.] Berzelius. Am¶phiÏdisc (?), n. [Gr. ? + ? a round plate.] (Zo”l.) A peculiar small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel at each end; Ð found in freshwater sponges. Am·phiÏdrom¶icÏal (?), a. [Gr. ? running about or around.] Pertaining to an Attic festival at the naming of a child; Ð so called because the friends of the parents carried the child around the hearth and then named it. AmÏphig¶aÏmous (?), a. [Gr. ? + ? marriage.] (Bot.) Having a structure entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual organs; Ð a term applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of plants. Am·phiÏge¶an (?), a. [Gr. ? + ?, ?, the earth.] Extending over all the zones, from the tropics to the polar zones inclusive. Am¶phiÏgen (?), n. [Gr. ? + Ðgen: cf. F. amphigŠne.] (Chem.) An element that in combination produces amphid salt; Ð applied by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium. [R.] Am¶phiÏgene (?), n. (Min.) Leucite. Am·phiÏgen¶eÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? + ? generation.] (Biol.) Sexual generation; amphigony. AmÏphig¶eÏnous (?), a. (Bot.) Increasing in size by growth on all sides, as the lichens. Am·phiÏgon¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; as, amphigonic propagation. [R.] AmÏphig¶oÏnous (?), a. [Gr. ? + ? a begetting.] Relating to both parents. [R.] AmÏphig¶oÏny (?), n. Sexual propagation. [R.] Am·phiÏgor¶ic (?), a. [See Amphigory.] Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining to an amphigory. Am¶phiÏgoÏry (?), n. [F. amphigouri, of uncertain derivation; perh. fr. Gr. ? + ? a circle.] A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with apparent meaning, which on further attention proves to be meaningless. [Written also amphigouri.] { AmÏphil¶oÏgism (?), AmÏphil¶oÏgy (?),} n. [Gr. ? + Ðlogy.] Ambiguity of speech; equivocation. [R.] AmÏphim¶aÏcer (?), n. [L. amphimacru?, Gr. ?; ? on both sides + ? long.] (Anc. Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in c¾st?t¾s. Andrews. Ø Am·phiÏneu¶ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. ? + ? sinew, nerve.] (Zo”l.) A division of Mollusca remarkable for the bilateral symmetry of the organs and the arrangement of the nerves. Ø Am·phiÏox¶us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ? sharp.] (Zo”l.) A fishlike creature (Amphioxus lanceolatus), two or three inches long, found in temperature seas; Ð also called the lancelet. Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither brain, skull, vertebr‘, nor red blood. It forms the type of the group Acrania, Leptocardia, etc. AmÏphip¶neust (?), n. [Gr. ? + ? one who breathes, ? to breathe.] (Zo”l.) One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have both lungs and gills at the same time, as the proteus and siren. Am¶phiÏpod (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Amphipoda. { Am¶phiÏpod (?), AmÏphip¶oÏdan (?),} a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda. Ø AmÏphip¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., FR. Gr. ? + ?, ? foot.] (Zo”l.) A numerous group of fourteen Ð footed Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The body is usually compressed laterally, and the anterior pairs or legs are directed downward and forward, but the posterior legs are usually turned upward and backward. The beach flea is an example. See Tetradecapoda and Arthrostraca. AmÏphip¶oÏdous (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda. AmÏphip¶roÏstyle (?), a. [L. amphiprostylos, Gr. ? having a double prostyle: cf. F. amphiprostyle. See Prostyle.] (Arch.) Doubly prostyle; having columns at each end, but not at the sides. Ð n. An amphiprostyle temple or edifice. Ø Am·phiÏrhi¶na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ?, ?, nose.] (Zo”l.) A name applied to the elasmobranch fishes, because the nasal sac is double. Ø Am·phisÏb‘¶na (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? on both ends + ? to go.] 1. A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving either way. Milton. 2. (Zo”l.) A genus of harmless lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs, and with both ends so much alike that they appear to have a head at each, and ability to move either way. See Illustration in Appendix. µ The Gordius aquaticus, or hairworm, has been called an amphisb‘na; but it belongs among the worms. Ø Am·phisÏb‘¶noid (?), a. [NL., fr. L. amphisbaena + Ðoid.] (Zo”l.) Like or pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisb‘na. { Ø AmÏphis¶ciÏi (?), AmÏphis¶cians (?),} n. pl. [Gr. ? throwing a shadow both ways; ? + ? shadow.] The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows in one part of the year are cast to the north, and in the order to the south, according as the sun is south or north of their zenith. AmÏphis¶toÏmous (?), a. [Gr. ? + ? mouth.] (Zo”l.) Having a sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means of which they adhere. Am·phiÏsty¶lic (?), a. [Gr. ? + ? pillar, support.] (Anat.) Having the mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and the cranium, as in the cestraciont sharks; Ð said of a skull. { Am·phiÏthe¶aÏter, Am·phiÏthe¶aÏtre,} (?), n. [L. amphitheatrum, fr. Gr. ?; ? + ? theater: cf. F. amphith‚ƒtre. See Theater.] 1. An oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats about an open space called the arena. µ The Romans first constructed amphitheaters for combats of gladiators and wild beasts. 2. Anything resembling an amphitheater in form; as, a level surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising gallery in a theater. Am·phiÏthe¶aÏtral (?), a. [L. amphitheatralis: cf. F. amphith‚ƒtral.] Amphitheatrical; resembling an amphitheater. { Am·phiÏtheÏat¶ric (?), Am·phiÏtheÏat¶ricÏal (?),} a. [L. amphitheatricus.] Of, pertaining to, exhibited in, or resembling, an amphitheater. Am·phiÏtheÏat¶ricÏalÏly, adv. In the form or manner of an amphitheater. Ø AmÏphit¶roÏcha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? + ? a wheel.] (Zo”l.) A kind of annelid larva having both a dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia. { AmÏphit¶roÏpal (?), AmÏphit¶roÏpous (?),} a. [Gr. ? + ? to turn.] (Bot.) Having the

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ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the middle of one side; half anatropous. Ø Am·phiÏu¶ma (?), n. (Zo”l.) A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the Southern United States, having a serpentlike form, but with four minute limbs and two persistent gill openings; the Congo snake. Am·phoÏpep¶tone (?), n. [Gr. ? + E. peptone.] (Physiol.) A product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and antipeptone. Ø Am¶phoÏra (?), n.; pl. Amophor‘ (?). [L., fr. Gr. ?, ?, a jar with two handles; ? + ? bearer, ? to bear. Cf. Ampul.] Among the ancients, a twoÐhandled vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil, etc. Am¶phoÏral (?), a. [L. amphoralis.] Pertaining to, or resembling, an amphora. AmÏphor¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not filled, and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter; as, amphoric respiration or resonance. Am·phoÏter¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? both.] Partly one and partly the other; neither acid nor alkaline; neutral. [R.] Smart. Am¶ple (?), a. [F. ample, L. amplus, prob. for ambiplus full on both sides, the last syllable akin to L. plenus full. See Full, and cf. Double.] Large; great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk; spacious; roomy; widely extended. All the people in that ample house Did to that image bow their humble knees. Spenser. 2. Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious; as, an ample fortune; ample justice. 3. Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended; diffusive; as, an ample narrative. Johnson. Syn. - Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich; liberal; munificent. Ð Ample, Copious, Abundant, Plenteous. These words agree in representing a thing as large, but under different relations, according to the image which is used. Ample implies largeness, producing a sufficiency or fullness of supply for every want; as, ample stores or resources, ample provision. Copious carries with it the idea of flow, or of collection at a single point; as, a copious supply of materials. ½Copious matter of my song.¸ Milton. Abundant and plenteous refer to largeness of quantity; as, abundant stores; plenteous harvests. AmÏplec¶tant (?), a. [L. amplecti to embrace.] (Bot.) Clasping a support; as, amplectant tendrils. Gray. Am¶pleÏness (?), n. The state or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness; completeness. Am·plexÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. amplexari to embrace.] An embrace. [Obs.] An humble amplexation of those sacred feet. Bp. Hall. AmÏplex¶iÏcaul (?), a. [L. amplexus, p. p. of amplecti to encircle, to embrace + caulis stem: cf. F. amplexicaule.] (Bot.) Clasping or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves. Gray. Am¶pliÏate (?), v. t. [L. ampliatus, p. p. of ampliare to make wider, fr. amplus. See Ample.] To enlarge. [R.] To maintain and ampliate the external possessions of your empire. Udall. Am¶pliÏate (?), a. (Zo”l.) Having the outer edge prominent; said of the wings of insects. Am·pliÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. ampliatio: cf. F. ampliation.] 1. Enlargement; amplification. [R.] 2. (Civil Law) A postponement of the decision of a cause, for further consideration or reÐargument. Am¶pliÏaÏtive (?), a. (Logic) Enlarging a conception by adding to that which is already known or received. ½All bodies possess power of attraction¸ is an ampliative judgment; because we can think of bodies without thinking of attraction as one of their immediate primary attribute. Abp. W. Thomson. AmÏplif¶iÏcate (?), v. t. [L. amplificatus, p. p. of amplificare.] To amplify. [Obs.] Bailey. Am·pliÏfiÏca¶tion (?), n. [L. amplificatio.] 1. The act of amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement; extension. 2. (Rhet.) The enlarging of a simple statement by particularity of description, the use of epithets, etc., for rhetorical effect; diffuse narrative or description, or a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject. Exaggeration is a species of amplification. Brande & C. I shall summarily, without any amplification at all, show in what manner defects have been supplied. Sir J. Davies. 3. The matter by which a statement is amplified; as, the subject was presented without amplifications. AmÏplif¶iÏcaÏtive (?), a. Amplificatory. AmÏplif¶iÏcaÏtoÏry (?), a. Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative. Morell. Am¶pliÏfi·er (?), n. One who or that which amplifies. Am¶pliÏfy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amplified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Amplifying.] [F. amplifier, L. amplificare. See Ample, Ïfy.] 1. To render larger, more extended, or more intense, and the like; Ð used especially of telescopes, microscopes, etc. 2. (Rhet.) To enlarge by addition or discussion; to treat copiously by adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of. Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much amplified by our English translator. Dryden. Am¶pliÏfy (?), v. i. 1. To become larger. [Obs.] Strait was the way at first, withouten light, But further in did further amplify. Fairfax. 2. To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or description; to dilate; to expatiate; Ð often with on or upon. Watts. He must often enlarge and amplify upon the subject he handles. South. Am¶pliÏtude (?), n. [L. amplitudo, fr. amplus: cf. F. amplitude. See Ample.] 1. State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness of dimensions; size. The cathedral of Lincoln... is a magnificent structure, proportionable to the amplitude of the diocese. Fuller. 2. Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth; abundance; fullness. (a) Of extent of capacity or intellectual powers. ½Amplitude of mind.¸ Milton. ½Amplitude of comprehension.¸ Macaulay. (b) Of extent of means or resources. ½Amplitude of reward.¸ Bacon. 3. (Astron.) (a) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the center of the sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the rising, the ~ is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western, occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when north or south of the equator. (b) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the foot of the vertical circle passing through any star or object. 4. (Gun.) The horizontal line which measures the distance to which a projectile is thrown; the range. 5. (Physics) The extent of a movement measured from the starting point or position of equilibrium; Ð applied especially to vibratory movements. 6. (math.) An angle upon which the value of some function depends; Ð a term used more especially in connection with elliptic functions. Magnetic ~, the angular distance of a heavenly body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or west point as indicated by the compass. The difference between the magnetic and the true or astronomical ~ (see 3 above) is the ½variation of the compass.¸ Am¶ply (?), adv. In an ample manner. Am¶pul (?), n. [AS. ampella, ampolla, L. ampulla: cf. OF. ampolle, F. ampoule.] Same as Ampulla, 2. Ø AmÏpul¶la, n.; pl. Ampull‘ (?). [L. ] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A narrowÐnecked vessel having two handles and bellying out like a jug. 2. (Eccl.) (a) A cruet for the wine and water at Mass. (b) The vase in which the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation is kept. Shipley. 3. (Biol.) Any membranous bag shaped like a leathern bottle, as the dilated end of a vessel or duct; especially the dilations of the semicircular canals of the ear. Am·pulÏla¶ceous (?), a. [L. ampullaceus, fr. ampulla.] Like a bottle or inflated bladder; bottleÏshaped; swelling. Kirby. ÷ sac (Zo”l.), one of the peculiar cavities in the tissues of sponges, containing the zooidal cells. { Am¶pulÏlar (?), Am·pulÏlaÏry (?), } a. Resembling an ampulla. { Am¶pulÏlate (?), Am¶pulÏla·ted (?) } a. Having an ampulla; flaskÐshaped; bellied. AmÏpul¶liÏform (?), a. [Ampulla + Ïform.] FlaskÏshaped; dilated. Am¶puÏtate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amputated; p. pr. & vb. n. Amputating.] [L. amputatus, p. p. of amputare: ambÏ + putare to prune, putus clean, akin to E. pure. See Putative.] 1. To prune or lop off, as branches or tendrils. 2. (Surg.) To cut off (a limb or projecting part of the body). Wiseman. Am·puÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. amputatio: cf. F. amputation.] The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb or projecting part of the body. Am¶puÏta¶tor (?), n. One who amputates. Ø Am¶pyx (?), n. [Gr. ?.] (Greek Antiq.) A woman's headband (sometimes of metal), for binding the front hair. Ø AmÏri¶ta (?), n. [Skr. amrita.] (Hind. Myth.) Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality. Ð a. Ambrosial; immortal. Am¶sel, Am¶zel (?), n. [Ger. See Ousel.] (Zo”l.) The European ring ousel (Turdus torquatus). AÏmuck¶ (?), a. & adv. [Malay amoq furious.] In a frenzied and reckless. To run ~, to rush out in a state of frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of ½bhang,¸ and attack every one that comes in the way; to assail recklessly and indiscriminately. Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet To run amuck, and tilt at all I meet. Pope. Am¶uÏlet (?), n. [L. amuletum: cf. F. amulette.] An ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc., worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic forms or characters. [Also used figuratively.] Am·uÏlet¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm. AÏmur¶cous (?), a. [LL. amurcous, L. amurca the dregs of olives, Gr. ?, fr. ? to pluck.] Full off dregs; foul. [R.] Knowles. AÏmus¶aÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. amusable.] Capable of being amused. AÏmuse¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Amusing.] [F. amuser to make stay, to detain, to ~, ? (L. ad) + OF. muser. See Muse, v.] 1. To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder. [Obs.] Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused in receiving their gold. Holland. Being amused with grief, fear, and fright, he could not find the house. Fuller. 2. To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert. A group children amusing themselves with pushing stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged into the lake. Gilpin. 3. To keep in extraction; to beguile; to delude. He amused his followers with idle promises. Johnson. Syn. - To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile; deceive; occupy. Ð To Amuse, Divert, Entertain. We are amused by that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are entertained by that which brings our minds into agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are diverted by that which turns off our thoughts to something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature, as a humorous story, or a laughable incident. Whatever amuses serves to kill time, to lull the faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever entertains usually a wakens the understanding or gratifies the fancy. Whatever diverts is lively in its nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects. Crabb. AÏmuse¶, v. i. To muse; to mediate. [Obs.] AÏmused¶ (?), a. 1. Diverted. 2. Expressing amusement; as, an amused look. AÏmuse¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. amusement.] 1. Deep thought; muse. [Obs.] Here I... fell into a strong and deep amusement, revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change of our affairs. Fleetwood. 2. The state of being amused; pleasurable excitement; that which amuses; diversion. His favorite amusements were architecture and gardening. Macaulay. Syn. - Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation; pastime; sport. AÏmus¶er (?), n. One who amuses. Ø Am·uÏsette¶ (?), n. [F.] A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted on a swivel. AÏmus¶ing (?), a. Giving amusement; diverting; as, an amusing story. Ð AÏmus¶ingÏly, adv. AÏmu¶sive (?; 277), a.ÿHaving power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite mirth. [R.] Ð AÏmu¶siveÏly, adv. Ð AÏmu¶siveÏness, n. AÏmy¶ (?), n. [F. ami, fr. L. amicus.] A friend. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏmy¶eÏlous (?), a. [Gr. ? without marrow.] (Med.) Wanting the spinal cord. AÏmyg·daÏla¶ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Akin to, or derived from, the almond. AÏmyg¶daÏlate (?), a. [L. amygdala, amygdalum, almond, Gr. ?, ?. See Almond.] Pertaining to, resembling, or made of, almonds. AÏmyg¶daÏlate, n. 1. (Med.) An emulsion made of almonds; milk of almonds. Bailey. Coxe. 2.ÿ(Chem.) A salt amygdalic acid. Am·ygÏdal¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from amygdalin; as, amygdalic acid. AÏmyg·daÏlif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. amygdalum almond + Ïferous.] AlmondÐbearing. AÏmyg¶daÏlin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds as a white, crystalline substance. AÏmyg¶daÏline (?), a. [L. amygdalinus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, almonds. AÏmyg¶daÏloid (?), n. [Gr. ? almond + Ïoid: cf. F. amygdalo‹de.] (Min.) A variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities, occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition, it is porous, like lava. { AÏmyg¶daÏloid (?), AÏmyg·daÏloid¶al (?), } a. 1. AlmondÐshaped. 2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock amygdaloid. Am¶yl (?), n. [L. amylum starch + Ïyl. Cf. Amidin.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, C5H11, of the paraffine series found in ~ alcohol or fusel oil, etc. Am·yÏla¶ceous (?), a. [L. amylum starch, Gr. ?. See Amidin.] Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch; starchy. Am¶yÏlate (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive atom or radical. Am¶yÏlene (?), n.ÿ(Chem.) One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons, C5H10, of the ethylene series. The colorless, volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of different members of the group. AÏmyl¶ic (?), a. (Chem.)ÿPertaining to, or derived from, amyl; as, amylic ether. ÷ alcohol (Chem.), one of the series of alcohol?, a transparent, colorless liquid, having a peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of amyl. Ð ÷ fermentation (Chem.), a process of fermentation in starch or sugar in which ~ alcohol is produced. Gregory. Am·yÏloÏbac¶ter , n. [L. amylum starch + NL. bacterium. See Bacterium.] (Biol.) A micro”rganism (Bacillus amylobacter) which develops in vegetable tissue during putrefaction. Sternberg. { Am¶yÏloid (?), Am·yÏloid¶al (?), } a. [L. amylum starch + Ïoid.] Resembling or containing amyl; starchlike. Amyloid degeneration (Med.), a diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with iodine and sulphuric acid; Ð called also waxy or lardaceous degeneration.

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Am¶yÏloid (?), n. 1. A non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance. 2. (Med.) The substance deposited in the organs in ~ degeneration. Am·yÏloÏly¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? starch + ? solvent; ? to dissolve.] (Physiol.) Effecting the conversion of starch into soluble dextrin and sugar; as, an amylolytic ferment. Foster. Am·yÏlose¶ (?), n. (Chem.) One of the starch group (C6H10O5)? of the carbohydrates; as, starch, arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc. Am¶yÏous (?), a. [Gr. ?.] (Med.) Wanting in muscle; without flesh. Am¶yss (?), n. Same as Amice, a hood or cape. An (?). [AS. ¾n one, the same word as the numeral. See One, and cf. A.] This word is property an adjective, but is commonly called the indefinite article. It is used before nouns of the singular number only, and signifies one, or any, but somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as ½twice an hour,¸ ½once an age,¸ a shilling an ounce (see 2d A, 2), it has a distributive force, and is equivalent to each, every. µ An is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound; as, an enemy, an hour. It in also often used before h sounded, when the accent of the word falls on the second syllable; as, an historian, an hyena, an heroic deed. Many writers use a before h in such positions. Anciently an was used before consonants as well as vowels. An, conj. [Shortened fr. and, OE. an., and, sometimes and if, in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. enda if, the same word as and. Prob. and was originally pleonastic before the conditional clause.] If; Ð a word used by old English authors. Shak. Nay, an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe. B. Jonson. ÷ if, and if; if. An¶aÏ. [Gr. ? on; in comp., on, up, upwards.] A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting up, upward, throughout, backward, back, again, anew. A¶na (?), adv. [Gr. ? (used distributively).] (Med.) Of each; an equal quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted, aa), ? ij., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces. An apothecary with a... long bill of anas. Dryden. Ïa¶na (?). [The neut. pl. ending of Latin adjectives in Ïanus.] A suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus, Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, Johnsoniana of Johnson, etc. Used also as a substantive; as, the French anas. It has been said that the tableÐtalk of Selden is worth all the ana of the Continent. Hallam. An·aÏbap¶tism (?), n. [L. anabaptismus, Gr. ?: cf. F. anabaptisme. See Anabaptize.] The doctrine of the Anabaptists. An·aÏbap¶tist (?), n. [LL. anabaptista, fr. Gr. as if ?: cf. F. anabaptiste.] A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy. µ In church history, the name Anabaptists usually designates a sect of fanatics who greatly disturbed the peace of Germany, the Netherlands, etc., in the Reformation period. In more modern times the name has been applied to those who do not regard infant baptism as real and valid baptism. { An·aÏbapÏtis¶tic (?), An·aÏbapÏtis¶ticÏal (?), } a. Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their doctrines. Milton. Bp. Bull. An·aÏbap¶tistÏry (?), n. The doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists. [R.] Thus died this imaginary king; and Anabaptistry was suppressed in Munster. Pagitt. An·aÏbapÏtize¶ (?), v. t. [Gr. ?, fr. ? again + ? to baptize. See Baptize.] To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename. [R.] Whitlock. Ø An¶aÏbas (?), n. [Gr. ?, p. p. of ? to advance.] (Zo”l.) A genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long out of water, and of making their way on land for considerable distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes. Ø AÏnab¶aÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to go up; ? up + ? to go.] 1. A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his work called ½The Anabasis.¸ The anabasis of Napoleon. De Quincey. 2. (Med.) The first period, or increase, of a disease; augmentation. [Obs.] An·aÏbat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Pertaining to anabasis; as, an anabatic fever. [Obs.] An·aÏbol¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? something heaped up; ? + ? a stroke.] (Physiol.) Pertaining to anabolism; an anabolic changes, or processes, more or less constructive in their nature. AÏnab¶oÏlism (?), n. (Physiol.) The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from katabolism. An·aÏcamp¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? to bend back; ? back + ? to bend.] Reflecting of reflected; as, an anacamptic sound (and echo). µ The word was formerly applied to that part of optics which treats of reflection; the same as what is now called catoptric. See Catoptrics. An·aÏcamp¶ticÏalÏly (?), adv. By reflection; as, echoes are sound produced anacamptically. Hutton. An·aÏcamp¶tics (?), n. 1. The science of reflected light, now called catoptrics. 2. The science of reflected sounds. { Ø An·aÏcan¶thiÏni (?), An¶aÏcanths (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? thorny, fr. ? thorn.] (Zo”l.) A group of teleostean fishes destitute of spiny finÐrays, as the cod. An·aÏcan¶thous (?), a. Spineless, as certain fishes. An·aÏcar¶diÏa¶ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or order, of plants of which the cashew tree is the type, and the species of sumac are well known examples. An·aÏcar¶dic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the cashew nut; as, anacardic acid. Ø An·aÏcar¶diÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? similar to + ? heart; Ð the fruit of this plant being thought to resemble the heart of a bird.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the cashew tree. See Cashew. An·aÏcaÏthar¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to cleanse upward, i. e., by vomiting; ? + ?. See Cathartic.] (Med.) Producing vomiting or expectoration. Ð n. An anacatharic medicine; an expectorant or an emetic. Ø AnÏach¶aÏris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? up + ? grace.] (Bot.) A freshÐwater weed of the frog'sbit family (Hydrocharidace‘), native to America. Transferred to England it became an obstruction to navigation. Called also waterweed and water thyme. AnÏach¶oÏret (?), n. AnÏach·oÏret¶icÏal (?), a. See Anchoret, Anchoretic. [Obs.] AnÏach¶oÏrism (?), n. [Gr. ? + ? place.] An error in regard to the place of an event or a thing; a referring something to a wrong place. [R.] { An·aÏchron¶ic (?), An·aÏchron¶icÏal (?), } a. Characterized by, or involving, anachronism; anachronistic. AnÏach¶roÏnism (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to refer to a wrong time, to confound times; ? + ? time: cf. F. anachronisme.] A misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one by which an event is placed too early; falsification of chronological relation. AnÏach·roÏnis¶tic (?), a. Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism. T. Warton. AnÏach¶roÏnize (?), v. t. [Gr. ?.] To refer to, or put into, a wrong time. [R.] Lowell. AnÏach¶roÏnous (?), a. Containing an anachronism; anachronistic. Ð AnÏach¶roÏnousÏly, adv. An·aÏclas¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? to bend back and break; to reflect (light); ? + ? to break.] 1. (Opt.) Produced by the refraction of light, as seen through water; as, anaclastic curves. Hutton. 2. Springing back, as the bottom of an anaclastic glass. ÷ glass, a glass or phial, shaped like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing gently into the orifice, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former convex form. An·aÏclas¶tics (?), n. (Opt.) That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light; Ð commonly called dioptrics. Encyc. Brit. Ø An·aÏc?Ïno¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ?, to communicate; ? up + ? to make common, ? common.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents for their opinion on the point in debate. Walker. An·aÏcoÏlu¶thic (?), a. Lacking grammatical sequence. Ð An·aÏcoÏlu¶thicÏalÏly (?), adv. Ø An·aÏcoÏlu¶thon (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, not following, wanting sequence; ? priv. + ? following.] (Gram.) A want of grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an instance of a change of construction in a sentence so that the latter part does not syntactically correspond with the first part. An·aÏcon¶da (?), n. [Of Ceylonese origin?] (Zo”l.) A large South American snake of the Boa family (Eunectes murinus), which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals. The name is also applied to a similar large serpent (Python tigris) of Ceylon. AÏnac·reÏon¶tic (?), a. [L. Anacreonticus.] Pertaining to, after the manner of, or in the meter of, the Greek poet Anacreon; amatory and convivial. De Quincey. AÏnac·reÏon¶tic, n. A poem after the manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in praise of love and wine. An·aÏcrot¶ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to anachronism. AÏnac¶roÏtism (?), n. [Gr. ?, up, again + ? a stroke.] (Physiol.) A secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a sphygmographic tracing. Ø An·aÏcru¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to push up or back; ? + ? to strike.] (Pros.) A prefix of one or two unaccented syllables to a verse properly beginning with an accented syllable. An¶aÏdem (?), n. [L. anadema, Gr. ?, fr. ? to wreathe; ? up + ? to bind.] A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath. Drayton. Tennyson. Ø An·aÏdiÏplo¶sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? + ? to double, ?, ?, twofold, double.] (Rhet.) A repetition of the last word or any prominent word in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of the next, with an adjunct idea; as, ½He retained his virtues amidst all his misfortunes Ð misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or prevent.¸ An¶aÏdrom (?), n. [Cf. F. anadrome.] (Zo”l.) A fish that leaves the sea and ascends rivers. AÏnad¶roÏmous (?), a. [Gr. ? running upward; ? + ? a running, ? to run.] 1. (Zo”l.) Ascending rivers from the sea, at certain seasons, for breeding, as the salmon, shad, etc. 2. (Bot.) Tending upwards; Ð said of terns in which the lowest secondary segments are on the upper side of the branch of the central stem. D. C. Eaton. Ø AÏn‘¶miÏa (?), a. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? blood.] (Med.) A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality or in quantity. AÏn‘m¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an‘mis. AnÏa·‰Ïrob¶ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or like, ana‰robies; ara‰robiotic. AnÏa¶‰rÏoÏbies (?), n. pl. [Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, air + ? life.] (Biol.) Micro”rganisms which do not require oxygen, but are killed by it. Sternberg. AnÏa·‰rÏoÏbiÏot¶ic (?), a. (Anat.) Related to, or of the nature of, ana‰robies. Ø An·‘sÏthe¶siÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? feeling, ? to feel: cf. F. anesth‚sie. See ’sthetics.] (Med.) Entire or partial loss or absence of feeling or sensation; a state of general or local insensibility produced by disease or by the inhalation or application of an an‘sthetic. Ø An·‘sÏthe¶sis (?), n. See An‘sthesia. An·‘sÏthet¶ic (?), a. (Med.) (a) Capable of rendering insensible; as, an‘sthetic agents. (b) Characterized by, or connected with, insensibility; as, an an‘sthetic effect or operation. An·‘sÏthet¶ic, n. (Med.) That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform, ether, etc. AnÏ‘s·theÏtiÏza¶tion (?), n. The process of an‘sthetizing; also, the condition of the nervous system induced by an‘sthetics. AnÏ‘s¶theÏtize (?), v. t. (Med.) To render insensible by an an‘sthetic. Encyc. Brit. An¶aÏglyph (?), n. [Gr. ? wrought in low relief, ? embossed work; ? + ? to engrave.] Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament worked in low relief, as a cameo. { An·aÏglyph¶ic (?), An·aÏglyph¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief; anaglyptic; Ð opposed to diaglyptic or sunk work. An·aÏglyph¶ic, n. Work chased or embossed relief. An·aÏglyp¶tic (?), a. [L. anaglypticus, Gr. ?, ?. See Anaglyph.] Relating to the art of carving, enchasing, or embossing in low relief. An·aÏglyp¶tics (?), n. The art of carving in low relief, embossing, etc. An·aÏglyp¶toÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? + Ïgraph.] An instrument by which a correct engraving of any embossed object, such as a medal or cameo, can be executed. Brande & C. An·aÏglyp·toÏgraph¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; as, analyptographic engraving. An·aÏglypÏtog¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? embossed + Ïgraphy.] The art of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give the subject an embossed or raised appearance; Ð used in representing coins, basÐreliefs, etc. Ø An·agÏnor¶iÏsis (?), n. [Latinized fr. Gr. ?; ? + ? to recognize.] The unfolding or d‚nouement. [R.] De Quincey. An·aÏgo¶ge (?), n. [Gr. ? a leading up; ? + ? a leading, ? to lead.] 1. An elevation of mind to things celestial. 2. The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the application of the types and allegories of the Old Testament to subjects of the New. { An·aÏgog¶ic (?), An·aÏgog¶icÏal (?), } a. Mystical; having a secondary spiritual meaning; as, the rest of the Sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of the saints in heaven; an anagogical explication. Ð An·aÏgog¶icÏalÏly, adv. An·aÏgog¶ics (?), n. pl. Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the Scriptures. L. Addison. An¶aÏgo·gy (?), n. Same as Anagoge. An¶aÏgram (?), n. [F. anagramme, LL. anagramma, fr. Gr. ? back, again + ? to write. See Graphic.] Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another by the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus becomes angelus; William Noy (attorneyÐgeneral to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be turned into I moyl in law. An¶aÏgram, v. t. To anagrammatize. Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into Benevolus. Warburton. { An·aÏgramÏmat¶ic (?), An·aÏgramÏmat¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. anagramtique.] Pertaining to, containing, or making, anagram. Ð An·aÏgramÏmat¶icÏalÏly, adv. An·aÏgram¶maÏtism (?), n. [Gr. ?: cf. F. anagrammatisme.] The act or practice of making anagrams. Camden. An·aÏgram¶maÏtist, n. [Cf. F. anagrammatiste.] A maker anagrams. An·aÏgram¶maÏtize (?), v. t. [Gr. ? cf. F. anagrammatiser.] To transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an anagram. Cudworth. An¶aÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? a writing out, fr. ? to write out, to record; ? + ? to write.] An inventory; a record. [Obs.] Knowles. { Ø An¶aÏkim (?), A¶naks (?), } n. pl. [Heb.] (Bibl.) A race of giants living in Palestine. A¶nal (?), a. [From Anus.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the anus; as, the anal fin or glands. AÏnal¶cime (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? strong, ? strength: cf. F. analcime.] (Min.) A white or fleshÐred mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in isometric crystals. By friction, it acquires a weak electricity; hence its name. AÏnal¶cite (?), n. [Gr. ? weak.] Analcime. An·aÏlec¶tic (?), a. Relating to analects; made up of selections; as, an analectic magazine. { An¶aÏlects (?), Ø An·aÏlec¶ta (?), } n. pl. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to collect; ? + ? to gather.] A collection of literary fragments. Ø An·aÏlem¶ma (?), n. [L. analemma a sun dial on a pedestal, showing the latitude and meridian of a place, Gr. ? a support, or thing supported, a

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sun dial, fr. ? to take up; ? + ? to take.] 1. (Chem.) An orthographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west point of the horizon. 2. An instrument of wood or brass, on which this projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or cursor; Ð formerly much used in solving some common astronomical problems. 3. A scale of the sun's declination for each day of the year, drawn across the torrid zone on an artificial terrestrial globe. { Ø An¶aÏlep¶sis (?), An¶aÏlep¶sy (?), } [Gr. ? a taking up, or again, recovery, from ?. See Analemma.] (Med.) (a) Recovery of strength after sickness. (b) A species of epileptic attack, originating from gastric disorder. An¶aÏlep¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? restorative: cf. F. analeptique. See Analepsis.] (Med.) Restorative; giving strength after disease. Ð n. A restorative. Ø An·alÏge¶siÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? sense of pain.] (Med.) Absence of sensibility to pain. Quain. An·alÏlagÏmat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? a change.] (Math.) Not changed in form by inversion. ÷ curves, a class of curves of the fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations to circles; Ð sometimes called bicircular quartics. Ð ÷ surfaces, a certain class of surfaces of the fourth degree. An·alÏlanÏto¶ic (?), a. (Anat.) Without, or not developing, an allantois. Ø An·alÏlanÏtoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [Gr. ? priv. + E. allantoidea.] (Zo”l.) The division of Vertebrata in which no allantois is developed. It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower forms. AÏnal¶oÏgal (?), a. Analogous. [Obs.] Donne. An·aÏlog¶ic (?), a. [See Analogous.] Of or belonging to analogy. Geo. Eliot. An·aÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. 1. Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or implying analogy. When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the mother country, the expression is analogical. J. S. Mill. 2. Having analogy; analogous. Sir M. Hale. An·aÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an analogical sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of similitude. A prince is analogically styled a pilot, being to the state as a pilot is to the vessel. Berkeley. An·aÏlog¶icÏalÏness, n. Quality of being analogical. AÏnal¶oÏgism (?), n. [Gr. ? course of reasoning, fr. ? to think over, to the effect; an a priori argument. Johnson. 2. Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other. Crabb. AÏnal¶oÏgist (?), n. One who reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy. Cheyne. AÏnal¶oÏgize, v. i. To employ, or reason by, analogy. Ø AÏnal¶oÏgon (?), n. [Gr. ?.] Analogue. AÏnal¶oÏgous (?), a. [L. analogous, Gr. ? according to a due ratio, proportionate; ? + ? ratio, proportion. See Logic.] Having analogy; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; Ð often followed by to. Analogous tendencies in arts and manners. De Quincey. Decay of public spirit, which may be considered analogous to natural death. J. H. Newman. ÷ pole (Pyroelect.), that pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when heated. Syn. - Correspondent; similar; like. Ð AÏnal¶o gousÏly, adv. Ð AÏnal¶oÏgousÏness, n. An¶aÏlogue (?; 115), n. [F., fr. Gr. ?.] 1. That which is analogous to, or corresponds with, some other thing. The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its analogue in the insolent tyranny of the many. I. Taylor. 2. (Philol.) A word in one language corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; as, the Latin ½pater¸ is the analogue of the English ½father.¸ 3. (Nat. Hist.) (a) An organ which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in another species or group, or even in the same group; as, the gill of a fish is the analogue of a lung in a quadruped, although the two are not of like structural relations. (b) A species in one genus or group having its characters parallel, one by one, with those of another group. (c) A species or genus in one country closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the same group, in another: such species are often called representative species, and such genera, representative genera. Dana. AÏnal¶oÏgy (?), n.; pl. Analogies (?). [L. analogia, Gr. ?, fr. ?: cf. F. analogie. See Analogous.] 1. A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning enlightens the mind, because it is to the mind what light is to the eye, enabling it to discover things before hidden. Followed by between, to, or with; as, there is an analogy between these objects, or one thing has an analogy to or with another. µ Analogy is very commonly used to denote similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is a similarity of relations, and in this consists the difference between the argument from example and that from analogy. In the former, we argue from the mere similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of their relations. Karslake. 2. (Biol.) A relation or correspondence in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly different. 3. (Geom.) Proportion; equality of ratios. 4. (Gram.) Conformity of words to the genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like, as opposed to anomaly. Johnson. An¶aÏlyse (?), v., An¶aÏly·ser (?), n., etc. Same as Analyze, Analyzer, etc. AÏnal¶yÏsis (?), n.; pl. Analyses (?). [Gr. ?, fr. ? to unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; ? up + ? to loose. See Loose.] 1. A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately, as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to synthesis. 2. (Chem.) The separation of a compound substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to ascertain either (a) what elements it contains, or (b) how much of each element is present. The former is called qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis. 3. (Logic) The tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles. 4. (Math.) The resolving of problems by reducing the conditions that are in them to equations. 5. (a) A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural order. (b) A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with synopsis. 6. (Nat. Hist.) The process of ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of classification, by means of an analytical table or key. Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, Quantitative, and Volumetric ~. (Chem.) See under Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, etc. An¶aÏlyst (?), n. [F. analyste. See Analysis.] One who analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical geometry; now commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis. { An·aÏlyt¶ic (?), An·aÏlyt¶icÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?: cf. F. analytique. See Analysis.] Of or pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent parts; as, an analytical experiment; analytic reasoning; Ð opposed to synthetic. Analytical or co”rdinate geometry. See under Geometry. Ð Analytic language, a noninflectional language or one not characterized by grammatical endings. Ð Analytical table (Nat. Hist.), a table in which the characteristics of the species or other groups are arranged so as to facilitate the determination of their names. An·aÏlyt¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an analytical manner. An·aÏlyt¶ics (?), n. The science of analysis. An¶aÏly·zaÏble (?), a. That may be analyzed. An·aÏlyÏza¶tion (?), n. The act of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts; analysis. An¶aÏlyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Analyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Analyzing.] [Cf. F. analyser. See Analysis.] To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance; to analyze a sentence or a word; to analyze an action to ascertain its morality. No one, I presume, can analyze the sensations of pleasure or pain. Darwin. An¶aÏly·zer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, analyzes. 2. (Opt.) The part of a polariscope which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its properties. An·aÏmese¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia. Ð n. A native of Anam. Ø An·amÏne¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to remind, recall to memory; ? + ? to put in mind.] (Rhet.) A recalling to mind; recollection. An·amÏnes¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Aiding the memory; as, anamnestic remedies. AnÏam·niÏot¶ic (?), a. (Anat.) Without, or not developing, an amnion. An·aÏmor¶phism (?), n. [Gr. ? again + ? form.] 1. A distorted image. 2. (Biol.) A gradual progression from one type to another, generally ascending. Huxley. An·aÏmor¶phoÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to form anew; ? again + ? to form; ? form.] 1. (Persp.) A distorted or monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image. 2. (Biol.) Same as Anamorphism, 2. 3. (Bot.) A morbid or monstrous development, or change of form, or degeneration. An·aÏmor¶phoÏsy (?), n. Same as Anamorphosis. AÏnan¶ (?), interj. [See Anon.] An expression equivalent to What did you say? Sir? Eh? [Obs.] Shak. Ø AÏna¶nas (?), n. [Sp. ananas, from the native American name.] (Bot.) The pineapple (Ananassa sativa). AnÏan¶drous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? a man.] (Bot.) Destitute of stamen? as certain female flowers. AnÏan¶guÏlar (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + E. angular.] Containing no angle. [R.] AnÏan¶therÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + E. anther.] (Bot.) Destitute of anthers. Gray. AnÏan¶thous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? a flower.] (Bot.) Destitute of flowers; flowerless. An·aÏp‘st (?), An·aÏp‘s¶tic (?). Same as Anapest, Anapestic. An¶aÏpest (?), n. [L. anapaestus, Gr. ? an ÷, i. e., a dactyl reserved, or, as it were, struck back; fr. ?; ? back + ? to strike.] 1. (Pros.) A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented (?); the reverse of the dactyl. In Latin d?Ð?Ït¾s, and in English inÏterÏvene?, are examples of anapests. 2. A verse composed of such feet. An·aÏpes¶tic (?), a. [L. anapaesticus, Gr. ?.] Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of an anapests; as, an anapestic meter, foot, verse. Ð n. Anapestic measure or verse. An·aÏpes¶ticÏal (?), a. Anapestic. Ø AÏnaph¶oÏra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to carry up or back; ? + ? to carry.] (Rhet.) A repetition of a word or of words at the beginning of two or more successive clauses. Ø AnÏaph·roÏdis¶iÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? sexual pleasure, ? the goddess of love.] (Med.) Absence of sexual appetite. AnÏaph·roÏdis¶iÏac (?), a. & n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? pertaining to venery.] (Med.) Same as Antaphrodisiac. Dunglison. AnÏaph·roÏdit¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? without love.] (Biol.) Produced without concourse of sexes. An·aÏplas¶tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to anaplasty. An·aÏplas·ty (?), n. [Gr. ? again + ? to form: cf. F. anaplastie.] (Surg.) The art of operation of restoring lost parts or the normal shape by the use of healthy tissue. An·aÏpleÏrot¶ic (?), a. [L. anapleroticus, fr. Gr. ? to fill up; ? + ? to fill.] (Med.) Filling up; promoting granulation of wounds or ulcers. Ð n. A remedy which promotes such granulation. AÏnap¶noÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? respiration + Ïgraph.] A form of spirometer. An·apÏno¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? respiration.] (Med.) Relating to respiration. AnÏap·oÏdeic¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ?. See Apodeictic.] Not apodeictic; undemonstrable. [R.] Ø An·aÏpoph¶yÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? back + ? offshoot.] (Anat.) An accessory process in many lumbar vertebr‘. An·apÏtot¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? back + ? belonging to case.] Having lost, or tending to lose, inflections by phonetic decay; as, anaptotic languages. Ø AnÏap¶tyÏchus (?), n.; pl. Anaptichi (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? unfolding; ? back + ? to fold.] (Paleon.) One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as the ammonites. An¶arch (?), n. [Gr. ? without head or chief; ? priv. + ? beginning, the first place, magistracy, government.] The author of anarchy; one who excites revolt. Milton. Imperial anarchs doubling human woes. Byron. AÏnar¶chal (?), a. Lawless; anarchical. [R.] We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men anarchal which are in a state of effervescence. Landor. { AÏnar¶chic (?), AÏnar¶chicÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. anarchique.] Pertaining to anarchy; without rule or government; in political confusion; tending to produce anarchy; as, anarchic despotism; anarchical opinions. An¶archÏism (?), n. [Cf. F. anarchisme.] The doctrine or practice of anarchists. An¶archÏist (?), n. [Cf. F. anarchiste.] An anarch; one who advocates anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government. An¶archÏize (?), v. t. To reduce to anarchy. An¶archÏy (?), n. [Gr. ?: cf. F. anarchie. See Anarch.] 1. Absence of government; the state of society where there is no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political confusion. Spread anarchy and terror all around. Cowper. 2. Hence, confusion or disorder, in general. There being then... an anarchy, as I may term it, in authors and their re?koning of years. Fuller. Ø An·arÏthrop¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? without joints + Ïpoda. See Anarthrous.] (Zo”l.) One of the divisions of Articulata in which there are no jointed legs, as the annelids; Ð opposed to Arthropoda. An·arÏthrop¶oÏdous (?), a. (Zo”l.) Having no jointed legs; pertaining to Anarthropoda. AnÏar¶throus (?), a. [Gr. ? without joints, without the article; ? priv. + ? joint, the article.] 1. (Gr. Gram.) Used without the article; as, an anarthrous substantive. 2.ÿ(Zo”l.) Without joints, or having the joints indistinct, as some insects. Ø A¶nas (?), n. [L., duck.] (Zo”l.) A genus of water fowls, of the order Anseres, including certain species of freshÏwater ducks. Ø An·aÏsar¶ca (?), n. [NL., from Gr. ? throughout + ?, ?, flesh.] (Med.) Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin. An·aÏsar¶cous (?), a. Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy; dropsical. Wiseman. An·aÏstal¶tic (?), a. & n. [Gr. ?

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fitted for checking, fr. ? + ? to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] Coxe. An¶aÏstate (?), n. [Gr. ? up + ? to make to stand.] (Physiol.) One of a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of protoplasm; Ð opposed to katastate. Foster. An·aÏstat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? up + ? to make to stand: cf. ? causing to stand.] Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from characters in relief on zinc plates. In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of any kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered with ink are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be printed from. AÏnas¶toÏmose (?), v. i. [imp. p. p. Anastomozed (?); p. pr. ? vb. n. Anastomosing.] [Cf. F. anastomoser, fr. anastomose. See Anastomosis.] (Anat. & Bot.) To inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the arteries and veins. The ribbing of the leaf, and the anastomosing network of its vessels. I. Taylor. Ø AÏnas·toÏmo¶sis (?), n.; pl. Anastomoses (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? opening, fr. ? to furnish with a mouth or opening, to open; ? + ? mouth;: cf. F. anastomose.] (Anat. & Bot.) The inosculation of vessels, or intercommunication between two or more vessels or nerves, as the cross communication between arteries or veins. AÏnas·toÏmot¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to anastomosis. Ø AÏnas¶troÏphe (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to turn up or back; ? + ? to turn.] (Rhet. & Gram.) An inversion of the natural order of words; as, echoed the hills, for, the hills echoed. AÏnath¶eÏma (?), n.; pl. Anathemas (?). [L. anath?ma, fr. Gr. ? anything devoted, esp. to evil, a curse; also L. anath?ma, fr. Gr. ? a votive offering; all fr. ? to set up as a votive gift, dedicate; ? up + ? to set. See Thesis.] 1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as accursed. [They] denounce anathemas against unbelievers. Priestley. 2. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction. Finally she fled to London followed by the anathemas of both [families]. Thackeray. 3. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority. The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to destruction. St. Paul... says he could wish, to save them from it, to become an anathema, and be destroyed himself. Locke. ÷ Maranatha (?) (see 1 Cor. xvi. 22), an expression commonly considered as a highly intensified form of anathema. Maran atha is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning, ½Our Lord cometh.¸ { AÏnath·eÏmat¶ic (?), AÏnath·eÏmat¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema. Ð AÏnath·eÏmat¶icÏalÏly, adv. AÏnath¶eÏmaÏtism (?), n. [Gr. ? a cursing; cf. F. anath‚matisme.] Anathematization. [Obs.] We find a law of Justinian forbidding anathematisms to be pronounced against the Jewish Hellenists. J. Taylor. AÏnath·eÏmaÏtiÏza¶tion (?), n. [LL. anathematisatio.] The act of anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed; imprecation. Barrow. AÏnath¶eÏmaÏtize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anathematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anathematizing.] [L. anathematizare, Gr. ? to devote, make accursed: cf. F. anath‚matiser.] To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as something accursed. Milton. AÏnath¶eÏmaÏti·zer (?), n. One who pronounces an anathema. Hammond. Ø AÏnat¶iÏfa (?), n.; pl. Anatif‘ (?). [NL., contr. fr. anatifera. See Anatiferous.] (Zo”l.) An animal of the barnacle tribe, of the genus Lepas, having a fleshy stem or peduncle; a goose barnacle. See Cirripedia. µ The term Anatif‘, in the plural, is often used for the whole group of pedunculated cirripeds. AÏnat¶iÏfer, (?), n. (Zo”l.) Same as Anatifa. An·aÏtif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. anas, anatis, a duck + Ïferous.] (Zo”l.) Producing ducks; Ð applied to Anatif‘, under the absurd notion of their turning into ducks or geese. See Barnacle. An¶aÏtine (?), a. [L. anatinus, fr. anas, anatis, a duck.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the ducks; ducklike. AÏnat¶oÏcism (?), n. [L. anatocismus, Gr. ?; ? again + ? to lend on interest.] (Law) Compound interest. [R.] Bouvier. { An·aÏtom¶ic (?), An·aÏtom¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. anatomicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. anatomique. See Anatomy.] Of or relating to anatomy or dissection; as, the anatomic art; anatomical observations. Hume. An·aÏtom¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection. AÏnat¶oÏmism (?), n. [Cf. F. anatomisme.] 1. The application of the principles of anatomy, as in art. The stretched and vivid anatomism of their [i. e., the French] great figure painters. The London Spectator. 2. The doctrine that the anatomical structure explains all the phenomena of the organism or of animal life. AÏnat¶oÏmist (?), n. [Cf. F. anatomiste.] One who is skilled in the art of anatomy, or dissection. AÏnat·oÏmiÏza¶tion (?), n. The act of anatomizing. AÏnat¶oÏmize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anatomized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anatomizing.] [Cf. F. anatomiser.] 1. To dissect; to cut in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of displaying or examining the structure and use of the several parts. 2. To discriminate minutely or carefully; to analyze. If we anatomize all other reasonings of this nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of cause and effect. Hume. AÏnat¶oÏmi·zer (?), n. A dissector. AÏnat¶oÏmy (?), n.; pl. Anatomies (?). [F. anatomie, L. anatomia, Gr. ? dissection, fr. ? to cut up; ? + ? to cut.] 1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy; dissection. 2. The science which treats of the structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization. Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according to the knowledge of them which is given us by anatomy. Dryden. µ ½Animal ~¸ is sometimes called zo”tomy; ½vegetable ~,¸ phytotomy; ½human ~,¸ anthropotomy. Comparative ~ compares the structure of different kinds and classes of animals. 3. A treatise or book on ~. 4. The act of dividing anything, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis; as, the anatomy of a discourse. 5. A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or which has the appearance of being so. The anatomy of a little child, representing all parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of a man in full stature. Fuller. They brought one Pinch, a hungry, leanÏfaced villain, A mere anatomy. Shak. An·aÏtrep¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? overturning, fr. ? to turn up or over; ? + ? too turn.] Overthrowing; defeating; Ð applied to Plato's refutative dialogues. Enfield. Ø An¶aÏtron (?), n. [F. anatron, natron, Sp. anatron, natron, fr. Ar. alÐnatr?n. See Natron, Niter.] [Obs.] 1. Native carbonate of soda; natron. 2. Glass gall or sandiver. 3. Saltpeter. Coxe. Johnson. { AÏnat¶roÏpal (?), AÏnat¶roÏpous (?), } a. [Gr. ? up + ? to turn.] (Bot.) Having the ovule inverted at an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the apparent apex; Ð opposed to orthotropous. Gray. AÏnat¶to (?), n. Same as Annotto. An¶burÐy (?), Am¶burÏy (?), n. [AS. ampre, ompre, a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E. amper a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first syllable in agnail, and berry a fruit.] 1. (Far.) A soft tumor or bloody wart on horses or oxen. 2. A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; Ð called also fingers and toes. Ïance. [F. Ïance, fr. L. Ïantia and also fr. Ïentia.] A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as, assistance, resistance, appearance, elegance. See Ïancy. µ All recently adopted words of this class take either Ïance or Ïence, according to the Latin spelling. An¶cesÏtor (?), n. [OE. ancestre, auncestre, also ancessour; the first forms fr. OF. ancestre, F. ancˆtre, fr. the L. nom. antessor one who goes before; the last form fr. OF. ancessor, fr. L. acc. antecessorem, fr. antecedere to go before; ante before + cedere to go. See Cede, and cf. Antecessor.] 1. One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father. 2. (Biol.) An earlier type; a progenitor; as, this fossil animal is regarded as the ancestor of the horse. 3. (Law) One from whom an estate has descended; Ð the correlative of heir. An·cesÏto¶riÏal (?), a. Ancestral. Grote. An·cesÏto¶riÏalÏly, adv. With regard to ancestors. AnÏces¶tral (?; 277), a. Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors; as, an ancestral estate. ½Ancestral trees.¸ Hemans. An¶cesÏtress (?), n. A female ancestor. An¶cesÏtry (?), n. [Cf. OF. ancesserie. See Ancestor.] 1. Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth or honorable descent. Title and ancestry render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible. Addison. 2. A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent. An¶chor (?), n. [OE. anker, AS. ancor, oncer, L. ancora, sometimes spelt anchora, fr. Gr. ?, akin to E. angle: cf. F. ancre. See Angle, n.] 1. A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular station. µ The common ~ consists of a straight bar called a shank, having at one end a transverse bar called a stock, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the other end the crown, from which branch out two or more arms with flukes, forming with the shank a suitable angle to enter the ground. Formerly the largest and strongest ~ was the sheet anchor (hence, Fig., best hope or last refuge), called also waist anchor. Now the bower and the sheet anchor are usually alike. Then came the best bower and the small bower (so called from being carried on the bows). The stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower ~. Kedges or kedge anchors are light anchors used in warping. 2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that of a ship's ~, as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the core of a mold in place. 3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety. Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul. Heb. vi. 19. 4. (Her.) An emblem of hope. 5. (Arch.) (a) A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together. (b) Craved work, somewhat resembling an ~ or arrowhead; Ð a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is seen in the echinus, or eggÐandÐanchor (called also eggÐandÐdart, eggÐandÐtongue) ornament. 6. (Zo”l.) One of the anchorÐshaped spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain Holothurians, as in species of Synapta. ÷ ice. See under Ice. Ð ÷ ring. (math.) Same as Annulus, 2 (b). Ð ÷ stock (Naut.), the crossbar at the top of the shank at right angles to the arms. Ð The ~ comes home, when it drags over the bottom as the ship drifts. Ð Foul ~, the ~ when it hooks, or is entangled with, another ~, or with a cable or wreck, or when the slack cable entangled. Ð The ~ is acockbill, when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cathead, ready to be let go. Ð The ~ is apeak, when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring to ship directly over it. Ð The ~ is atrip, or aweigh, when it is lifted out of the ground. Ð The ~ is awash, when it is hove up to the surface of the water. Ð At ~, anchored. Ð To back an ~, to increase the holding power by laying down a small ~ ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home. Ð To cast ~, to drop or let go an ~ to keep a ship at rest. Ð To cat the ~, to hoist the ~ to the cathead and pass the ringÐstopper. Ð To fish the ~, to hoist the flukes to their resting place (called the billÐboards), and pass the shank painter. Ð To weigh ~, to heave or raise the ~ so as to sail away. An¶chor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anchored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anchoring.] [Cf. F. ancrer.] 1. To place at ~; to secure by an ~; as, to anchor a ship. 2. To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition; as, to anchor the cables of a suspension bridge. Till that my nails were anchored in thine eyes. Shak. An¶chor, v. i. 1. To cast ~; to come to ~; as, our ship (or the captain) anchored in the stream. 2. To stop; to fix or rest. My invention...anchors on Isabel. Shak. An¶chor, n. [OE. anker, ancre, AS. ancra, fr. L. anachoreta. See Anchoret.] An anchoret. [Obs.] Shak. An¶chorÏaÏble (?), a. Fit for anchorage. An¶chorÏage (?), n. 1. The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor. 2. A place suitable for anchoring or where ships anchor; a hold for an anchor. 3. The set of anchors belonging to a ship. 4. Something which holds like an anchor; a hold; as, the anchorages of the Brooklyn Bridge. 5. Something on which one may depend for security; ground of trust. 6. A toll for anchoring; ~ duties. Johnson. An¶choÏrage (?), n. Abode of an anchoret. An¶chorÏate (?), a. AnchorÏshaped. An¶chored (?), a. 1. Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an anchored bark; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; as, an anchored tongue. 2. (Her.) Having the extremities turned back, like the flukes of an anchor; as, an anchored cross. [Sometimes spelt ancred.] An¶choÏress (?), n. A female anchoret. And there, a saintly anchoress, she dwelt. Wordsworth. An¶choÏret (?), An¶choÏrite (?), n. [F. anachorŠte, L. anachoreta, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to go back, retire; ? + ? to give place, retire, ? place; perh. akin to Skr. h¾ to leave. Cf. Anchor a hermit.] One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually for religious reasons; a hermit; a r?cluse. [Written by some authors anachoret.] Our Savior himself... did not choose an anchorite's or a monastic life, but a social and affable way of conversing with mortals. Boyle. { An·choÏret¶ic (?), An·choÏret¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. Gr. ?.] Pertaining to an anchoret or hermit; after the manner of an anchoret. An¶choÏret·ish (?), a. Hermitlike. An¶choÏretÏism (?), n. The practice or mode of life of an anchoret. An¶chorÐhold· (?), n. 1. The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it holds. 2. Hence: Firm hold: security. An¶choÏrite (?), n. Same as Anchoret. An¶choÏri·tess (?), n. An anchoress. [R.] An¶chorÏless (?), a. Without an anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled. AnÏcho¶vy (?), n. [Sp. anchoa, anchova, or Pg. anchova, prob. of Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr. Bisc. antzua dry: cf. D. anchovis, F. anchois.] (Zo”l.) A small fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family (Engraulis encrasicholus), caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also applied to several allied species.

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AnÏcho¶vy pear· (?). (Bot.) A West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled; also, the tree (Grias cauliflora) bearing this fruit. An¶chuÏsin (?), n. [L. anchusa the plant alkanet, Gr. ?.] (Chem.) A resinoid coloring matter obtained from alkanet root. An¶chyÏlose (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Anchylosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anchylosing.] [Cf. F. ankyloser.] To affect or be affected with anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint; to grow together into one. [Spelt also ankylose.] Owen. Ø An·chyÏlo¶sis, An·kyÏlo¶sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ?, fr. ? to crook, stiffen, fr. ? crooked: cf. F. ankylose.] 1. (Med.) Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff joint. Dunglison. 2. (Anat.) The union of two or more separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or other structures in various animals. An·chyÏlot¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to anchylosis. An¶cient (?), a. [OE. auncien, F. ancien, LL. antianus, fr. L. ante before. See AnteÏ, pref.] 1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; Ð opposed to modern; as, ancient authors, literature, history; ancient days. Witness those ancient empires of the earth. Milton. Gildas Albanius... much ancienter than his namesake surnamed the Wise. Fuller. 2. Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great age; as, an ancient forest; an ancient castle. ½Our ancient bickerings.¸ Shak. Remove not the ancient landmarks, which thy fathers have set. Prov. xxii. 28. An ancient man, strangely habited, asked for quarters. Scott. 3. Known for a long time, or from early times; Ð opposed to recent or new; as, the ancient continent. A friend, perhaps, or an ancient acquaintance. Barrow. 4. Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial; venerable. [Archaic] He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he seem very grave and ancient. Holland. 5. Experienced; versed. [Obs.] Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most ancient in the business of the realm. Berners. 6. Former; sometime. [Obs.] They mourned their ancient leader lost. Pope. ÷ demesne (Eng. Law), a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of these were all entered in a book called Domesday Book. Ð ÷ lights (Law), windows and other openings which have been enjoined without molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive right. Syn. - Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated; oldÐfashioned; obsolete. Ð Ancient, Antiquated, Obsolete, Antique, Antic, Old. Ð Ancient is opposed to modern, and has antiquity; as, an ancient family, ancient landmarks, ancient institutions, systems of thought, etc. Antiquated describes that which has gone out of use or fashion; as, antiquated furniture, antiquated laws, rules, etc. Obsolete is commonly used, instead of antiquated, in reference to language, customs, etc.; as, an obsolete word or phrase, an obsolete expression. Antique is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down from the ancients; as, an antique cameo, bust, etc.; or to that which is made to imitate some ~ work of art; as, an antique temple. In the days of Shakespeare, antique was often used for ancient; as, ½an antique song,¸ ½an antique Roman;¸ and hence, from singularity often attached to what is ~, it was used in the sense of grotesque; as, ½an oak whose antique root peeps out; ¸ and hence came our present word antic, denoting grotesque or ridiculous. We usually apply both ancient and old to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never, the old stars, an old river or mountain. In general, however, ancient is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh, or recent. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use ancient; as, ancient republics, ancient heroes; and not old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times is still in existence, we use either ancient or old; as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings; ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books. An¶cient, n. 1. pl. Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the moderns. 2. An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a ruler; a person of influence. The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people, and the princes thereof. Isa. iii. 14. 3. A senior; an elder; a predecessor. [Obs.] Junius and Andronicus... in Christianity... were his ancients. Hooker. 4. pl. (Eng. Law) One of the senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chanc?y. Council of Ancients (French Hist.), one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in 1795. Brande. An¶cient, n. [Corrupted from ensign.] 1. An ensign or flag. [Obs.] More dishonorable ragged than an oldÐfaced ancient. Shak. 2. The bearer of a flag; an ensign. [Obs.] This is Othello's ancient, as I take it. Shak. An¶cientÏly, adv. 1. In ancient times. 2. In an ancient manner. [R.] An¶cientÏness, n. The quality of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times. An¶cientÏry (?), n. 1. Antiquity; what is ancient. They contain not word of ancientry. West. 2. Old age; also, old people. [R.] Wronging the ancientry. Shak. 3. Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of birth. A gentleman of more ancientry than estate. Fuller. An¶cientÏy (?), n. [F. anciennet‚, fr. ancien. See Ancient.] 1. Age; antiquity. [Obs.] Martin. 2. Seniority. [Obs.] Ø AnÏci¶le (?), n. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The sacred shield of the Romans, said to haveÐfallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the palladium of Rome. An¶cilÏlaÏry (?), a. [L. ancillaris, fr. ancilla a female servant.] Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid; auxiliary. The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered as inferior, and even ancillary, to the greater province. Hallam. AnÏcille¶ (?), n. [OF. ancelle, L. ancilla.] A maidservant; a handmaid. [Obs.] Chaucer. { AnÏcip¶iÏtal (?), AnÏcip¶iÏtous (?), } a. [L. anceps, ancipitis, twoÐheaded, double; anÏ for ambÏ on both sides + caput head.] (Bot.) TwoÐedged instead of round; Ð said of certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also of leaves. AnÏcis¶troid (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? a hook + ? shape.] HookÐshaped. An¶cle (?), n. See Ankle. An¶come (?), n. [AS. ancuman, oncuman, to come.] A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow. [Obs.] Boucher. Ø An¶con (?), n.; L. pl. Ancones (?). [L., fr. Gr. ? the bent arm, elbow; any hook or bend.] (Anat.) The olecranon, or the elbow. ÷ sheep (Zo”l.), a breed of sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in Massachusetts in 1791; Ð called also the otter breed. { An¶con (?), An¶cone (?), } n. [See Ancon, above.] (Arch.) (a) The corner or quoin of a wall, crossÐbeam, or rafter. [Obs.] Gwilt. (b) A bracket supporting a cornice; a console. { An¶coÏnal (?), AnÏco¶neÏal (?), } a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the ancon or elbow. ½The olecranon on anconeal process.¸ Flower. Ø AnÏco¶neÏus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ancon elbow.] (Anat.) A muscle of the elbow and forearm. An¶coÏnoid (?), a. Elbowlike; anconal. An¶coÏny (?), n. [Origin unknown.] (Iron Work) A piece of malleable iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but unwrought at the ends. ÏanÏcy. [L. Ïantia.Ï A suffix expressing more strongly than Ïance the idea of quality or state; as, constancy, buoyancy, infancy. And (?), conj. [AS. and; akin to OS. endi, Icel. enda, OHG. anti, enti, inti, unti, G. und, D. en, OD. ende. Cf, An if, AnteÏ.] 1. A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence with a sentence. (a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, ½there are women and women,¸ that is, two very different sorts of women. (b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory of the other, are connected by and; as, ½the tediousness and process of my travel,¸ that is, the tedious process, etc.; ½thy fair and outward character,¸ that is, thy outwardly fair character, Schmidt's Shak. Lex. 2. In order to; Ð used instead of the infinitival to, especially after try, come, go. At least to try and teach the erring soul. Milton. 3. It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive. When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak. 4. If; though. See An, conj. [Obs.] Chaucer. As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs. Bacon. ÷ so forth, and others; and the rest; and similar things; and other things or ingredients. The abbreviation, etc. (et cetera), or & c., is usually read and so forth. An¶daÏbaÏtism (?), n. [L. andabata a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought hoodwinked.] Doubt; uncertainty. [Obs.] Shelford. An·daÏlu¶site (?), n. (Min.) A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain. Ø AnÏdan¶te (?), a. [It. andante, p. pr. of andare to go.] (Mus.) Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than allegretto. Ð n. A movement or piece in andante time. Ø An·danÏti¶no (?), a. [It., dim. of andante.] (Mus.) Rather quicker than andante; between that allegretto. µ Some, taking andante in its original sense of ½going,¸ and andantino as its diminutive, or ½less going,¸ define the latter as slower than andante. An¶daÏrac (?), n. [A corruption of sandarac.] Red orpiment. Coxe. AÏde¶an , a. Pertaining to the Andes. An¶desÏine (?), n. (Min.) A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the Andes. An¶desÏite (?), n. (Min.) An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or hypersthene. An¶dine (?), a. Andean; as, Andine flora. And¶i·ron (?), n. [OE. anderne, aunderne, aundyre, OF. andier, F. landier, fr. LL. andena, andela, anderia, of unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with brandÐiron, AS. brandÐÆsen.] A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side; a firedog; as, a pair of andirons. An·draÏnat¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ?: cf. F. andranatomie. See Anatomy, Androtomy.] The dissection of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy. Coxe. Ø AnÏdr?¶ciÏum (?), n. [NL., from Gr. ?, ?, man + ? house.] (bot.) The stamens of a flower taken collectively. An¶droÏgyne (?), n. 1. An hermaphrodite. 2. (Bot.) An androgynous plant. Whewell. { AnÏdrog¶yÏnous (?), AnÏdrog¶yÏnal (?), } a. [L. androgynus, Gr. ?; ?, ?, man + ? woman: cf. F. androgyne.] 1. Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic. Owen. The truth is, a great mind must be androgynous. Coleridge. 2. (Bot.) Bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster. { AnÏdrog¶yÏny (?), AnÏdrog¶yÏnism (?), } n. Union of both sexes in one individual; hermaphroditism. { An¶droid (?), Ø AnÏdroi¶des (?), } n. [Gr. ? of man's form; ?, ?, man + ? form.] A machine or automation in the form of a human being. An¶droid, a. Resembling a man. AnÏdrom¶eÏda (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. When bound to a rock and exposed to a sea monster, she was delivered by Perseus.] 1. (Astron.) A northern constellation, supposed to represent the mythical ÷. 2. (bot.) A genus of ericaceous flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water. Ø An¶dron (?), n. [L. andron, Gr. ?, fr. ?, ?, man.] (Gr. & Rom. Arch.) The apartment appropriated for the males. This was in the lower part of the house. An·droÏpet¶alÏous (?), a. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? leaf.] (Bot.) Produced by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers, like the garden ranunculus. Brande. Ø AnÏdroph¶aÏgi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?; ?, ?, man + ? to eat.] Cannibals; manÐeaters; anthropophagi. [R.] AnÏdroph¶aÏgous (?), a. Anthropophagous. An¶droÏphore (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? to bear.] 1. (Bot.) A support or column on which stamens are raised. Gray. 2. (Zo”l.) The part which in some Siphonophora bears the male gonophores. An¶droÏsphinx (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? sphinx.] (Egypt. Art.) A man sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a lion. An¶droÏspore (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, a man + ? a seed.] (Bot.) A spore of some alg‘, which has male functions. AnÏdrot¶oÏmous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the filaments of the stamens divided into two parts. AnÏdrot¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, man + ? a cutting. Cf. Anatomy.] Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from zo”tomy; anthropotomy. [R.] Ïan¶drous (?). [Gr. ?, ?, a man.] (Bot.) A terminal combining form: Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; as, monandrous, with one stamen; polyandrous, with many stamens. AÏnear¶ (?), prep. & adv. [Pref. aÏ + near.] Near. [R.] ½It did not come anear.¸ Coleridge. The measure of misery anear us. I. Taylor. AÏnear¶, v. t. & i. To near; to approach. [Archaic] AÏneath¶ (?), prep. & adv. [Pref. aÏ + neath for beneath.] Beneath. [Scot.] An¶ecÏdo·tage (?), n. Anecdotes collectively; a collection of anecdotes. All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it altogether, upon anecdotage, must be a tissue of lies. De Quincey. An¶ecÏdo·tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal conversation. An¶ecÏdote (?), n. [F. anecdote, fr. Gr. ? not published; ? priv. + ? given out, ? to give out, to publish; ? out + ? to give. See Dose, n.] 1. pl. Unpublished narratives. Burke. 2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of private life. { An·ecÏdot¶ic (?), An·ecÏdot¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to, anecdotes. ½Anecdotical traditions.¸ Bolingbroke. An¶ecÏdo¶tist (?), n. One who relates or collects anecdotes. An¶eÏlace (?), n. Same as Anlace. AÏnele¶ (?), v. t. [OE. anelien; an on + AS. ele oil, L. oleum. See Oil, Anoil.] 1. To anoit. Shipley. 2. To give extreme unction to. [Obs.] R. of Brunne. An·eÏlec¶tric (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + E. electric.] (Physics) Not becoming electrified by friction; Ð opposed to idioelectric. Ð n. A substance incapable of being electrified by friction. Faraday. An·eÏlec¶trode (?), n. [Gr. ? up + E. electrode.] (Elec.) The positive pole of a voltaic battery. Ø An·eÏlecÏtrot¶oÏnus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? up + E. electrotonus.] (Physiol.) The condition of decreased irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through it. Foster. AÏnem¶oÏgram (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïgram.] A record made by an anemograph. AÏnem¶oÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïgraph.]

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An instrument for measuring and recording the direction and force of the wind. Knight. AÏnem·oÏgraph¶ic (?), a. Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to anemography. An·eÏmog¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïgraphy.] 1. A description of the winds. 2. The art of recording the direction and force of the wind, as by means of an anemograph. An·eÏmol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïlogy.] The science of the wind. An·eÏmom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïmeter.] An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge. { An·eÏmoÏmet¶ric (?), An·eÏmoÏmet¶ricÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to anemometry. An·eÏmoÏmet¶roÏgraph (?), n. [Anemometer + Ïgraph.] An anemograph. Knight. An·eÏmom¶eÏtry (?), n. The act or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the wind. AÏnem¶oÏne (?), n. [L. anemone, Gr. ?, fr. ? wind.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the Ranunculus or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens. 2. (Zo”l.) The sea ~. See Actinia, and Sea anemone. µ This word is sometimes pronounced ?n??Ïm??Ïn?, especially by classical scholars. An·eÏmon¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin. AÏnem¶oÏnin (?), n. (Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from some species of anemone. AÏnem¶oÏny (?), n. See Anemone. Sandys. An·eÏmorph¶iÏlous (?), a. [Gr. ? wind + ? lover.] (Bot.) Fertilized by the agency of the wind; Ð said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by the wind; windÐFertilized. Lubbock. AÏnem¶oÏscope (?), n. [Gr. ? wind + Ïscope: cf. F. an‚moscope.] An instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathÐercock; Ð usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind. { AnÏen·ceÏphal¶ic (?), An·enÏceph¶aÏlous (?), } a. [Gr. ?, priv. + ? the brain: cf. Encephalon.] (Zo”l.) Without a brain; brainless. Todd & B. { AÏnenst¶ (?), AÏnent¶ (?), } prep. [OE. anent, anentis, anence, anens, anents, AS. onefen, onemn; an, on, on + efen even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with, even with, beside. See Even, a.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 1. Over against; as, he lives anent the church. 2. About; concerning; in respect; as, he said nothing anent this particular. AnÏen¶terÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? intestine, ? within, ? in.] (Zo”l.) Destitute of a stomach or an intestine. Owen. An¶eÏroid (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? wet, moist + Ïoid: cf. F. an‚ro‹de.] Containing no liquid; Ð said of kind of barometer. ~ barometer, a barometer the action of which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of pressure. An¶eÏroid, n. An ~ barometer. Anes (?), adv. Once. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Ø An·esÏthe¶siÏa (?), n., An·esÏthet¶ic (?), a. Same as An‘sthesia, An‘sthetic. An¶et (?), n. [F. aneth, fr. L. anethum, Gr. ?. See Anise.] The herb dill, or dillseed. An¶eÏthol (?), n. [L. anethum (see Anise) + Ïol.] (Chem.) A substance obtained from the volatile oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shinning scales; Ð called also anise camphor. Watts. AÏnet¶ic (?), a. [L. aneticus, Gr. ? relaxing; ? back + ? to send.] (Med.) Soothing. An¶euÏrism (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, a widening, an opening; ? up + ? wide.] (Med.) A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor, containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery. [Written also aneurysm.] An·euÏris¶mal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to an aneurism; as, an aneurismal tumor; aneurismal diathesis. [Written also aneurysmal.] AÏnew¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + new.] Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm anew; to create anew. Dryden.

AnÏfrac¶tuÏose· (?; 135), a. [See Anfractuous.] Anfractuous; as, anfractuose anthers. AnÏfrac·tuÏos¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Anfractuosities (?). [Cf. F. anfractuosit‚.] 1. A state of being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings; sinuosity. The anfractuosities of his intellect and temper. Macaulay. 2. (Anat.) A sinuous depression or sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain. AnÏfrac¶tuÏous (?), a. [L. anfractuosus, fr. anfractus a turning, a winding, fr. the unused anfringere to wind, bend; anÏ, for ambÏ + fractus, p. p. of frangere to break: cf. F. anfractueux.] Winding; full of windings and turnings; sinuous; tortuous; as, the anfractuous spires of a born. Ð AnÏfrac¶tuÏousÏness, n. AnÏfrac¶ture (?), n. A mazy winding. AnÏga¶riÏa¶tion (?), n. [LL. angariatio, fr. L. angaria service to a lord, villenage, fr. anga??us, Gr. ? (a Persian word), a courier for carrying royal dispatches.] Exaction of forced service; compulsion. [Obs.] Speed. An·geiÏol¶oÏgy (?), n., An·geiÏot¶oÏmy, etc. Same as Angiology, Angiotomy, etc. An¶gel (?), n. [AS. ‘angel, engel, influenced by OF. angele, angle, F. ange. Both the AS. and the OF. words are from L. angelus, Gr. ? messenger, a messenger of God, an ~.] 1. A messenger. [R.] The dear good angel of the Spring, The nightingale. B. Jonson. 2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's messengers. O, welcome, pureÐeyed Faith, whiteÐhanded Hope, Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings. Milton. 3. One of a class of ½fallen angels;¸ an evil spirit; as, the devil and his angels. 4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic churches. [Archaic] UntoÐthe angel of the church of Ephesus write. Rev. ii. 1. 5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon. Shak. 6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling. When pain and anguish wring the brow. Sir W. Scott. 7. (Numis.) An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s. Amer. Cyc. µ Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as, angel grace; angel whiteness. ÷ bed, a bed without posts. Ð ÷ fish. (Zo”l.) (a) A species of shark (Sq??tina angelus) from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas, belonging to the family, Ch‘todontid‘. Ð ÷ gold, standard gold. [Obs.] Fuller. Ð ÷ shark. See Angel fish. Ð ÷ shot (Mil.), a kind of chain shot. Ð ÷ water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orangeÐflower waters, with ambergris, etc. [Obs.] An¶gelÏage (?), n. Existence or state of angels. An¶gelÏet (?), n. [OF. angelet.] A small gold coin formerly current in England; a half angel. Eng. Cyc. An¶gel fish. See under Angel. An¶gelÏhood (?), n. The state of being an angel; angelic nature. Mrs. Browning. { AnÏgel¶ic (?), AnÏgel¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. angelicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. ang‚lique.] Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine. ½Angelic harps.¸ Thomson.½Angelical actions.¸ Hooker. The union of womanly tenderness and angelic patience. Macaulay. Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; Ð so called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14. Eadie. AnÏgel¶ic, a. [From Angelica.] (Chem.) Of or derived from angelica; as, angelic acid; angelic ether. ÷ acid, an acid obtained from angelica and some other plants. AnÏgel¶iÏca (?), n. [NL. See Angelic.] (Bot.) 1. An aromatic umbelliferous plant (Archangelica officinalis or Angelica archangelica) the leaf stalks of which are sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and seeds as an aromatic tonic. 2. The candied leaf stalks of ~. ÷ tree, a thorny North American shrub (Aralia spinosa), called also Hercules' club. AnÏgel¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. Like an angel. AnÏgel¶icÏalÏness, n. The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human. AnÏgel¶iÏfy (?), v. t. To make like an angel; to angelize. [Obs.] Farindon (1647). An¶gelÏize (?), v. t. To raise to the state of an angel; to render angelic. It ought not to be our object to angelize, nor to brutalize, but to humanize man. W. Taylor. An¶gelÏlike· (?), a. & adv. Resembling an angel. An·gelÏol¶aÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? angel + ? service, worship.] Worship paid to angels. An·gelÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [L. angelus, Gr. ? + Ïlogy.] A discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to angels. The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same angelology, demonology. Milman. An·gelÏoph¶aÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? angel + ? to appear.] The actual appearance of an angel to man. An¶geÏlot (?), n. [F. angelot, LL. angelotus, angellotus, dim. of angelus. See Angel.] 1. A French gold coin of the reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI. [Obs.] 2. An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now disused. Johnson. R. Browning. 3. A sort of small, rich cheese, made in Normandy. Ø An¶geÏlus (?), n. [L.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A form of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell. (b) The Angelus bell. Shipley. An¶ger (?), n. [OE. anger, angre, affliction, ~, fr. Icel. angr affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. anger regret, Swed. †nger regret, AS. ange oppressed, sad, L. angor a strangling, anguish, angere to strangle, Gr. ? to strangle, Skr. amhas pain, and to. anguish, anxious, quinsy, and perh. awe, ugly. The word seems to have orig. meant to choke, squeeze. ?.] 1. Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc. [Obs.] I made the experiment, setting the moxa where... the greatest anger and soreness still continued. Temple. 2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury. Anger is like A full not horse, who being allowed his way, SelfÐmettle tires him. Shak. Syn. - Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen. Ð Anger, Indignation, Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage, Fury. Anger is a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. Indignation is a generous outburst of ~ in view of things which are indigna, or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. Resentment is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep and lasting ~. See Resentment. Wrath and ire (the last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. Rage is a vehement ebullition of ~; and fury is an excess of rage, amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to anger; a high sense of honor creates indignation at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and ire of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit; rage and fury are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with abhorrence. An¶ger (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Angered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Angering.] [Cf. Icel. angra.] 1. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.] He... angereth malign ulcers. Bacon. 2. To excite to ~; to enrage; to provoke. Taxes and impositions... which rather angered than grieved the people. Clarendon. An¶gerÏly, adv. Angrily. [Obs.or Poetic] Why, how now, Hecate! you look angerly. Shak. An¶geÏvine (?), a. [F. Angevin.] Of or pertaining to Anjou in France. Ð n. A native of Anjou. Ø An·giÏen¶chyÏma (?), n. [Gr. ? receptacle + ?. Formed like Parenchyma.] (Bot.) Vascular tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred, and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels. Ø AnÏgi¶na (?), n. [L., fr. angere to strangle, to choke. See Anger, n.] (Med.) Any inflammatory affection of the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup, etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking, or shortness of breath. ÷ pectoris (?), a peculiarly painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction or tightening of the lower part of the chest; Ð called also breast pang, spasm of the chest. { An¶giÏnous (?), An¶giÏnose· (?), } a. (Med.) Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris. An¶giÏoÏ (?). [Gr. ? vessel receptacle.] A prefix, or combining form, in numerous compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to something contained in, or covered by, a vessel. An·giÏoÏcar¶pous (?), a. [AngioÏ + Gr. ? fruit.] (Bot.)(a) Having fruit inclosed within a covering that does not form a part of itself; as, the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule. Brande & C. (b) Having the seeds or spores covered, as in certain lichens. Gray. An·giÏof¶raÏphy (?), n. [AngioÏ + Ïgraphy: cf. F. angiographie.] (Anat.) A description of blood vessels and lymphatics. An·giÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [AngioÏ + Ïlogy.] (Anat.) That part of anatomy which treats of blood vessels and lymphatics. Ø An·giÏo¶ma (?), n. [AngioÏ + Ïoma.] (Med.) A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood vessels. An·giÏoÏmon·oÏsper¶mous (?), a. [AngioÏ + monospermous.] (Bot.) Producing one seed only in a seed pod. An¶giÏoÏscope (?), n. [AngioÏ + Ïscope.] An instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and plants. Morin. An¶giÏoÏsperm (?), n. [AngioÏ + Gr. ?, ?, seed.] (Bot.) A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp. µ The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are angiosperms, while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are gymnosperms. An·giÏoÏsper¶maÏtous (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Angiospermous. An·giÏoÏsper¶mous (?), a. (Bot.) Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp. An·giÏos¶poÏrous (?), a. [AngioÏ + spore.] (Bot.) Having spores contained in cells or thec‘, as in the case of some fungi. An·giÏos¶toÏmous (?), a. [AngioÏ + Gr. ? mouth.] (Zo”l.) With a narrow mouth, as the shell of certain gastropods. An·giÏot¶oÏmy (?), n. [AngioÏ + Gr. ? a cutting.] (Anat.) Dissection of the blood vessels and lymphatics of the body. Dunglison. An¶gle (?), n. [F. angle, L. angulus angle, corner; akin to uncus hook, Gr. ? bent, crooked, angular, ? a bend or hollow, AS. angel hook, fishÏ

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hook, G. angel, and F. anchor.] 1. The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner; a nook. Into the utmost angle of the world. Spenser. To search the tenderest angles of the heart. Milton. 2. (Geom.) (a) The figure made by. two lines which meet. (b) The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle. 3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment. Though but an angle reached him of the stone. Dryden. 4. (Astrol.) A name given to four of the twelve astrological ½houses.¸ [Obs.] Chaucer. 5. [AS. angel.] A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a rod. Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there. Shak. A fisher next his trembling angle bears. Pope. Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or less than 900. Ð Adjacent or Contiguous angles, such as have one leg common to both angles. Ð Alternate angles. See Alternate. Ð Angle bar. (a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet. Knight. (b) (Mach.) Same as Angle iron. Ð Angle bead (Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a wall. Ð Angle brace, Angle tie (Carp.), a brace across an interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and securing the two side pieces together. Knight. Ð Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to which it is riveted. Ð Angle leaf (Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to strengthen an angle. Ð Angle meter, an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of strata. Ð Angle shaft (Arch.), an enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or both. Ð Curvilineal angle, one formed by two curved lines. Ð External angles, angles formed by the sides of any rightÐlined figure, when the sides are produced or lengthened. Ð Facial angle. See under Facial. Ð Internal angles, those which are within any rightÐlined figure. Ð Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with a curved line. Ð Oblique angle, one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a right angle. Ð Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or more than 900. Ð Optic angle. See under Optic. Ð Rectilineal or RightÐlined angle, one formed by two right lines. Ð Right angle, one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 900 (measured by a quarter circle). Ð Solid angle, the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane angles at one point. Ð Spherical angle, one made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere. Ð Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the center of the eye. Ð For Angles of commutation, draught, incidence, reflection, refraction, position, repose, fraction, see Commutation, Draught, Incidence, Reflection, Refraction, etc. An¶gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Angled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Angling (?).] 1. To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and line. 2. To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; as, to angle for praise. The hearts of all that he did angle for. Shak. An¶gle, v. t. To try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure. [Obs.] ½He angled the people's hearts.¸ Sir P. Sidney. An¶gled (?), a. Having an angle or angles; Ð used in compounds; as, rightÐangled, manyÐangled, etc. The thrice threeÐangled beechnut shell. Bp. Hall. An¶gleÏme·ter (?), n. [Angle + Ïmeter.] An instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to measure the dip of strata. An¶gler (?), n. 1. One who angles. 2. (Zo”l.) A fish (Lophius piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within reach. Called also fishing frog, frogfish, toadfish, goosefish, allmouth, monkfish, etc. An¶gles (?), n. pl. [L. Angli. See Anglican.] (Ethnol.) An ancient Low German tribe, that settled in Britain, which came to be called EnglaÐland (Angleland or England). The Angles probably came from the district of Angeln (now within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower Hanover, etc. An¶gleÏsite (?), n. [From the Isle of Anglesea.] (Min.) A native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish transparent, prismatic crystals. An¶gleÏwise· (?), adv. [Angle + wise, OE. wise manner.] In an angular manner; angularly. An¶gleÏworm· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A earthworm of the genus Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers for bait. See Earthworm. An¶gliÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Angles. Ð n. One of the Angles. An¶glic (?), a. Anglian. An¶gliÏcan (?), a. [Angli the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower Germany. Cf. English.] 1. English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation; especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church of England; as, the Anglican church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc. 2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church party of the Church of England. An¶gliÏcan (?), n. 1. A member of the Church of England. Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists. Burke. 2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England. An¶gliÏcanÏism (?), n. 1. Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of England. 2. The principles of the established church of England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the highÐchurch party. 3. Attachment to England or English institutions. Ø An¶gliÏce (?), adv. [NL.] In English; in the English manner; as, Livorno, Anglice Leghorn. AnÏglic¶iÏfy (?), v. t. [NL. Anglicus English + Ïfly.] To anglicize. [R.] An¶gliÏcism (?), n. [Cf. F. anglicisme.] 1. An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the English. Dryden. 2. The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom, or method. AnÏgic¶iÏty (?), n. The state or quality of being English. An·gliÏciÏza¶tion (?), n. The act of anglicizing, or making English in character. An¶gliÏcize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anglicizing.] To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies. An¶gliÏfy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anglifying.] [L. Angli + Ïfly.] To convert into English; to anglicize. Franklin. Darwin. An¶gling (?), n. The act of one who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line. Walton. An¶gloÐ (?). [NL. Anglus English. See Anglican.] A combining form meaning the same as English; or English and, or English conjoined with; as, AngloÐTurkish treaty, AngloÐGerman, AngloÐIrish. AngloÐAmerican, a. Of or pertaining to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen in America. Ð n. A descendant from English ancestors born in America, or the United States. AngloÐDanish, a. Of or pertaining to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in England. AngloÐIndian, a. Of or pertaining to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian peoples or languages. Ð n. One of the ^ race born or resident in the East Indies. AngloÐNorman, a. Of or pertaining to the ^ and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in England. Ð n. One of the ^ Normans, or the Normans who conquered England. AngloÐSaxon. See AngloÐSaxon in the Vocabulary. An¶gloÐCath¶oÏlic , a,. Of or pertaining to a church modeled on the English Reformation; Anglican; Ð sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or High Church section of the Church of England. An¶gloÐCath¶oÏlic, n. A member of the Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more specifically, a High Churchman. An¶gloÏma¶niÏa (?), n. [AngloÏ + mania.] A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs, institutions, etc. An·gloÏma¶niÏac, n. One affected with Anglomania. An·gloÏpho¶biÏa (?), n. [AngloÏ + Gr. ? fear.] Intense dread of, or aversion to, England or the English. Ð An¶gloÏphobe (?), n. An¶gloÏSax¶on (?), n. [L. AngliÐSaxones English Saxons.] 1. A Saxon of Britain, that is, an English Saxon, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as distinguished from a continental (or ½Old¸) Saxon. 2. pl. The Teutonic people (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively, before the Norman Conquest. It is quite correct to call ’thelstan ½King of the AngloÐSaxons,¸ but to call this or that subject of ’thelstan ½an AngloÐSaxon¸ is simply nonsense. E. A. Freeman. 3. The language of the ^ people before the Conquest (sometimes called Old English). See Saxon. 4. One of the race or people who claim descent from the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense. An¶gloÐSax¶on, a. Of or pertaining to the AngloÐSaxons or their language. An¶gloÐSax¶onÏdom (?), n. The AngloÐSaxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United States, etc.); the AngloÐSaxon race. An¶gloÐSax¶onÏism (?), n. 1. A characteristic of the AngloÐSaxon race; especially, a word or an idiom of the AngloÐSaxon tongue. M. Arnold. 2. The quality or sentiment of being AngloÐSaxon, or ^ in its ethnological sense. AnÏgo¶la (?), n. [A corruption of Angora.] A fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat. AnÏgo¶la pea· (?). (Bot.) A tropical plant (Cajanus indicus) and its edible seed, a kind of pulse; Ð so called from Angola in Western Africa. Called also pigeon pea and Congo pea. Ø An¶gor , n. [L. See Anger.] (Med.) Great anxiety accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the belly, often with palpitation and oppression. AnÏgo¶ra (?), n. A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat, etc. ÷ cat (Zo”l.), a variety of the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color. Called also Angola cat. See Cat. Ð ÷ goatÿ(Zo”l.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture. An·gosÏtu¶ra bark¶ (?). From Angostura, in Venezuela.] An aromatic bark used as a tonic, obtained from a South American of the rue family (Galipea cusparia, or officinalis). U. S. Disp. Ø An·gou·mois¶ moth¶ (?; 115). [So named from Angoumois in France.] (Zo”l.) A small moth (Gelechia cerealella) which is very destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell. An¶griÏly (?), adv. In an angry manner; under the influence of anger. An¶griÏness, n. The quality of being angry, or of being inclined to anger. Such an angriness of humor that we take fire at everything. Whole Duty of Man. An¶gry (?), a. [Compar. Angrier (?); superl. Angriest.] [See Anger.] 1. Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [Obs.] God had provided a severe and angry education to chastise the forwardness of a young spirit. Jer. Taylor. 2. Inflamed and painful, as a sore. 3. Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger; feeling resentment; enraged; Ð followed generally by with before a person, and at before a thing. Be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves. Gen. xlv. 5. Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice? Eccles. v. 6. 4. Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; as, angry words or tones; an angry sky; angry waves. ½An angry countenance.¸ Prov. xxv. 23. 5. Red. [R.] Sweet rose, whose hue, angry and brave. Herbert. 6. Sharp; keen; stimulated. [R.] I never ate with angrier appetite. Tennyson. Syn. - Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible; indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot; raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed; infuriated. An¶guiÏform (?), a. [L. angius snake + Ïform.] SnakeÐshaped. AnÏguil¶liÏform (?), a. [L. anguilla eel (dim. of anguis snake) + Ïform.] EelÐshaped. µ The ½Anguill‘formes¸ of Cuvier are fishes related to thee eel. An¶guine (?), a. [L. anguinus, fr. anguis snake.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent. ½The anguine or snakelike reptiles.¸ Owen. AnÏquin¶eÏal (?), a. Anguineous. AnÏguin¶eÏous (?), a. [L. anguineus.] Snakelike. An¶guish (?), n. [OE. anguishe, anguise, angoise, F. angoisse, fr. L. angustia narrowness, difficulty, distress, fr. angustus narrow, difficult, fr. angere to press together. See Anger.] Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress. But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Ex. vi. 9. Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child. Jer. iv. 31. Rarely used in the plural: Ð Ye miserable people, you must go to God in anguishes, and make your prayer to him. Latimer. Syn. - Agony; pang; torture; torment. See Agony. An¶guish, v. t. [Cf. F. angoisser, fr. L. angustiare.] To distress with extreme pain or grief. [R.] Temple. An¶guÏlar (?), a. [L. angularis, fr. angulus angle, corner. See Angle.] 1. Relating to an angle or to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner; sharpÐcornered; pointed; as, an angular figure. 2. Measured by an angle; as, angular distance. 3. Fig.: Lean; lank; rawÐboned; ungraceful; sharp and stiff in character; as, remarkably angular in his habits and appearance; an angular female. ÷ aperture, ÷ distance. See Aperture, Distance. Ð ÷ motion, the motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the point or axis by a line drawn to the body. Ð ÷ point, the point at which the sides of the angle meet; the vertex. Ð ÷ velocity, the ratio of ~ motion to the time employed in describing. An¶guÏlar, n. (Anat.) A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and fishes. An·guÏlar¶iÏty (?), n. The quality or state of being angular; angularness. An¶guÏlarÏly (?), adv. In an angular manner; with of at angles or corners. B. Jonson. An¶guÏlarÏness, n. The quality of being angular. { An¶guÏlate (?), An¶guÏla·ted (?), } a. [L. angulatus, p. p. of angulare to make angular.] Having angles or corners; angled; as, angulate leaves. An¶guÏlate (?), v. t. To make angular. An·guÏla¶tion (?), n. A making angular; angular formation. Huxley. An¶guÏloÐden¶tate (?), a. [L. angulus angle + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Bot.) Angularly toothed, as certain leaves. An¶guÏlom¶eÏter (?), n. [L. angulus angle + Ïmeter.] An instrument for measuring external angles. An¶guÏlose· (?), a. Angulous. [R.] An·guÏlos¶iÏty (?), n. A state of being angulous or angular. [Obs.] An¶guÏlous (?), a. [L. angulosus: cf. F. anguleux.] Angular; having corners; hooked. [R.] Held together by hooks and angulous involutions. Glanvill. AnÏgust¶ (?), a. [L. angustus. See Anguish.] Narrow; strait. [Obs.] AnÏgus¶tate (?), a. [L. angustatus, p. p. of angustare to make narrow.] Narrowed. An·gusÏta¶tion (?), n. The act or making narrow; a straitening or contacting. Wiseman.

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{ AnÏgus·tiÏfo¶liÏate (?), AnÏgus·tiÏfo¶liÏous (?), } a. [L. angustus narrow (see Anguish) + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having narrow leaves. Wright. An·gusÏtu¶ra bark· (?). See Angostura bark. Ø An·gwanÏti¶bo (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small lemuroid mammal (Arctocebus Calabarensis) of Africa. It has only a rudimentary tail. AnÏhang¶ (?), v. t. [AS. onhangian.] To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer. An·harÏmon¶ic (?), a. [F. anharmonique, fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? harmonic.] (Math.) Not harmonic. The ~ function or ratio of four points abcd on a straight line is the quantity ? : ?, where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of the letters. An·heÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. anhelatio, fr. anhelare to pant; an (perh. akin to E. on) + halare to breathe: cf. F. anh‚lation.] Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma. Glanvill. AnÏhele¶ (?), v. i. [Cf. OF. aneler, anheler. See Anhelation.] To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (for). [Obs.] They anhele... for the fruit of our convocation. Latimer. An¶heÏlose (?), a. Anhelous; panting. [R.] AnÏhe¶lous (?), a. [L. anhelus.] Short of breath; panting. Ø An¶hiÏma (?), n. [Brazilian name.] A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi (Palamedea cornuta). See Kamichi. Ø AnÏhin¶ga (?), n. [Pg.] (Zo”l.) An aquatic bird of the southern United States (Platus anhinga); the darter, or snakebird. AnÏhis¶tous (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? web, tissue: cf. F. anhiste.] (Biol.) Without definite structure; as, an anhistous membrane. AnÏhun¶gered (?), a. Ahungered; longing. [Archaic] AnÏhy¶dride (?), n. [See Anhydrous.] (Chem.) An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; Ð so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water. AnÏhy¶drite (?), n. [See Anhydrous.] (Min.) A mineral of a white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water (whence the name). AnÏhy¶drous (?), a. [Gr. ? wanting water; ? priv. + ? water.] Destitute of water; as, anhydrous salts or acids. Ø A¶ni (?) or Ø A¶no (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani), allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting. Ø An¶iÏcut, Ø An¶niÏcut (?), n. [Tamil anai kattu dam building.] A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of irrigation. [India] Brande & C. AnÏid·iÏmat¶icÏal (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + E. idiomatical.] Not idiomatic. [R.] Landor. { An¶iÏent , An·iÏen¶tise (?), } v. t. [OF. anientir, F. an‚antir.] To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏnigh¶ (?), prep. & adv. [Pref. aÏ + nigh.] Nigh. [Archaic] { AÏnight¶ (?), AÏnights¶ (?), } adv. [OE. on night. [Archaic] Does he hawk anights still? Marston. An¶il (?), n. [F. anil, Sp. anÆl, or Pg. anil; all fr. Ar. anÐnÆl, for alÐnÆl the indigo plant, fr. Skr. nÆla dark blue, nÆlÆ indigo, indigo plant. Cf. Lilac.] (Bot.) A West Indian plant (Indigofera anil), one of the original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye. An¶ile (?), a. [L. anilis, fr. anus an old woman.] OldÐwomanish; imbecile. ½Anile ideas.¸ Walpole. An¶ileÏness (?), n. Anility. [R.] AnÏil¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; Ð applied to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo. [R.] An¶iÏlide (?), n. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl. An¶iÏline (?; 277), n. [See Anil.] (Chem.) An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made. An¶iÏline, a. Made from, or of the nature of, ~. AÏnil¶iÏty (?), n. [L. anilitas. See Anile.] The state of being and old woman; oldÐwomanishness; dotage. ½Marks of anility.¸ Sterne. An·iÏmadÏver¶sal (?), n. The faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. An·iÏmadÏver¶sion (?), n. [L. animadversio, fr. animadvertere: cf. F. animadversion. See Animadvert.] 1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception. [Obs.] The soul is the sole percipient which hath animadversion and sense, properly so called. Glanvill. 2. Monition; warning. [Obs.] Clarendon. 3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame. He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp animadversions. Clarendon. 4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment. [Archaic] ½Divine animadversions.¸ Wesley. Syn. - Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment. An·iÏmadÏver¶sive (?), a. Having the power of perceiving; percipient. [Archaic] Glanvill. I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining to the animadversive faculty. Coleridge. An·iÏmadÏvert¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Animadverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Animadverting.] [L. animadvertere; animus mind + advertere to turn to; ad to + vertere to turn.] 1. To take notice; to observe; Ð commonly followed by that. Dr. H. More. 2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express censure; Ð with on or upon. I should not animadvert on him... if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare. Dryden. 3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment. [Archaic] Grew. Syn. - To remark; comment; criticise; censure. An·iÏmadÏvert¶er (?), n. One who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.], a chastiser. An¶iÏmal (?), n. [L., fr. anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal. See Animate.] 1. An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity. 2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; as, men and animals. An¶iÏmal, a. [Cf. F. animal.] 1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions. 2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites. 3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food. ÷ magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism. Ð ÷ electricity, the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc. Ð ÷ flower (Zo”l.), a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. Ð ÷ heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a living ~, by means of which the ~ is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. Ð ÷ spirits. See under Spirit. Ð ÷ kingdom, the whole class of being endowed with ~ life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers. The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: Ð Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes, Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia (Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa, including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda). Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera, Ch‘tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina, Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. Molluscoidea, including Brachiopoda and Bryozoa. Mollusca, including Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or Acephala. Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea, Echinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea. C?lenterata, including Anthozoa or Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa or Acalephs. Spongiozoa or Porifera, including the sponges. Protozoa, including Infusoria and Rhizopoda. For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary. { An·iÏmal¶cuÏlar (?), An·iÏmal¶cuÏline (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. ½Animalcular life.¸ Tyndall. An·iÏmal¶cule (?), n. [As if fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of animal.] 1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.] Ray. 2. (Zo”l.) An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria. µ Many of the soÐcalled animalcules have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the Desmidiac‘, and the siliceous Diatomace‘. Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa. An·iÏmal¶cuÏlism (?), n. [Cf. F. animalculisme.] (Biol.) The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological by means of animalcules. An·iÏmal¶cuÏlist (?), n. [Cf. F. animalculiste.] 1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules. Keith. 2. A believer in the theory of animalculism. Ø An·iÏmal¶cuÏlum (?), n.; pl. Animalcula (?). [NL. See Animalcule.] An animalcule. µ Animalcul‘, as if from a Latin singular animalcula, is a barbarism. An¶iÏmalÏish (?), a. Like an animal. An¶iÏmalÏism (?), n. [Cf. F. animalisme.] The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality. An·iÏmal¶iÏty (?), n. [Cf. F. animalit‚.] Animal existence or nature. Locke. An·ÏmalÏiÏza¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. animalisation.] 1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties. 2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation. Owen. An¶iÏmalÏize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Animalizing.] [Cf. F. animaliser.] 1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form. Warburton. 2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation. 3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize. The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the animalizing tendency of his own philosophy. Coleridge. An¶iÏmalÏly, adv. Physically. G. Eliot. An¶iÏmalÏness, n. Animality. [R.] An·iÏmas¶tic (?), a. [L. anima breath, life.] Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual. An·iÏmas¶tic, n. Psychology. [Obs.] An¶iÏmate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animated; p. pr. & vb. n. Animating.] [L. animatus, p. p. of animare, fr. anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul, mind, Gr. ? wind, Skr. an to breathe, live, Goth. usÐanan to expire (usÏ out), Icel. ”nd breath, anda to breathe, OHG. ando anger. Cf. Animal.] 1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul animates the body. 2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to animate a lyre. Dryden. 3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven. The more to animate the people, he stood on high... and cried unto them with a loud voice. Knolles. Syn. - To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden. An¶iÏmate (?), a. [L. animatus, p. p.] Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively. The admirable structure of animate bodies. Bentley. An¶iÏma·ted (?), a. Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous. ½Animated sounds.¸ Pope. ½Animated bust.¸ Gray. ½Animated descriptions.¸ Lewis. An¶iÏma·tedÏly, adv. With animation. An¶iÏma·ter (?), n. One who animates. De Quincey. An¶iÏma¶ting, a. Causing animation; lifeÐgiving; inspiriting; rousing. ½Animating cries.¸ Pope. Ð An¶iÏma·tingÏly, adv. An·iÏma¶tion (?), n. [L. animatio, fr. animare.] 1. The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive. The animation of the same soul quickening the whole frame. Bp. Hall. Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I posses of animation. Landor. 2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the story with great animation. Suspended ~, temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned. Syn. - Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See Liveliness. An¶iÏmaÏtive (?), aÿHaving the power of giving life or spirit. Johnson. An¶iÏma·tor (?), n. [L. animare.] One who, or that which, animates; an animater. Sir T. Browne. Ø A¶niÏme· (?), a. [F., animated.] (Her.) Of a different tincture from the animal itself; Ð said of the eyes of a rapacious animal. Brande & C. Ø A¶niÏme (?), n. [F. anim‚ animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.] A resin exuding from a tropical American tree (Hymen‘a courbaril), and much used by varnish makers. Ure. An¶iÏmism (?), n. [Cf. F. animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See Animate.] 1. The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body. 2. The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter. Tylor. An¶iÏmist (?), n. [Cf. F. animiste.] One who maintains the doctrine of animism. An·iÏmis¶tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to animism. Huxley. Tylor. { An·iÏmose¶ (?), An¶iÏmous (?), } a. [L. animosus, fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.] Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.] Ash. An·iÏmose¶ness (?), n. Vehemence of temper. [Obs.] An·iÏmos¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Animosities (?). [F. animosit‚, fr. L. animositas. See Animose, Animate, v. t.] 1. Mere spiritedness or courage. [Obs.] Skelton. Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth. Holland. 2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike. Macaulay. Syn. - Enmity; hatred; opposition. Ð Animosity, Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed; animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The animosities which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church. Such [writings] s naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make enmities irreconcilable. Spectator. [These] factions... never suspended their animosities till they ruined that unhappy government. Hume. An¶iÏmus (?), n.; pl. Animi (?). [L., mind.] Animating spirit; intention; temper. Ø ÷ furandi [L.] (Law), intention of stealing. An¶iÏon (?), n. [Gr. ?, neut. ?, p. pr. of ? to go up; ? up + ? to go.] (Chem.)

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An electroÐnegative element, or the element which, in electroÐchemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; Ð opposed to cation. Faraday. An¶ise (?), n. [OE. anys, F. anis, L. anisum, anethum, fr. Gr. ?, ?.] 1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds. 2. The fruit or seeds of this plant. An¶iÏseed (?), n. The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. ½Oil of aniseed.¸ Brande & C. Ø An·iÏsette¶ (?), n. [F.] A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds. De Colange. AÏnis¶ic (?), a. Of or derived from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic alcohol. { Ø An·iÏsoÏdac¶tyÏla (?), An·iÏsoÏdac¶tyls (?), } n. pl. [NL. anisodactyla, fr. Gr. ? unequal (? priv. + ? equal) + ? finger.] (Zo”l.) (a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous. An·iÏsoÏdac¶tyÏlous (?), (a) (Zo”l.) Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds. An·iÏsoÏmer¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? unequal + ? part.] (Chem.) Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions. An·iÏsom¶erÏous (?), a. [See Anisomeric.] (Bot.) Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens. An·iÏsoÏmet¶ric (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + E. isometric.] Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; Ð said of crystals with three unequal axes. Dana. An·iÏsoÏpet¶alÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? unequal + ? leaf.] (Bot.) Having unequal petals. An·iÏsoph¶ylÏlous (?), a. [Gr. ? unequal + ? leaf.] (Bot.) Having unequal leaves. Ø An·iÏsoÏpleu¶ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? unequal + ? side.] (Zo”l.) A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed. Ø An·iÏsop¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? unequal + Ïpoda.] (Zo”l.) A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda. An·iÏsoÏstem¶oÏnous (?), a. [Gr. ? unequal + ? warp, thread; ? to stand.] (Bot.) Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals. An·iÏsoÏsthen¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? unequal + ? strength.] Of unequal strength. { An¶iÏsoÏtrope· (?), An·iÏsoÏtrop¶ic (?), } a. [Gr. ? unequal + ? a turning, ? to turn.] (Physics) Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic. An·iÏsot¶roÏpous (?), a. Anisotropic. An¶ker (?), n. [D. anker: cf. LL. anceria, ancheria.] A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch anker, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8? imperial gallons. An¶kerÏite (?), n. [So called from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F. ank‚rite, G. ankerit.] (Min.) A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron. An¶kle (?), n. [OE. ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin to Icel. ”kkla, ”kli, Dan. and Sw. ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G. enkel, and perh. OHG. encha, ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb, anguri finger. Cf. Haunch.] The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus. ÷ bone, the bone of the ~; the astragalus. An¶kled (?), a.ÿHaving ankles; Ð used in composition; as, wellÐankled. Beau. & Fl. An¶klet (?), n. An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring. An¶kyÏlose (?), v. t. & i. Same as Anchylose. Ø An·kyÏlo¶sis (?), n. Same as Anchylosis. An¶lace (?), n. [Origin unknown.] A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle. [Written also anelace.] { Ann (?), An¶nat (?), } n. [LL. annata income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annate annats.] (Scots Law) A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease. Ø An¶na (?), n. [Hindi ¾n¾.] An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2? cents. An¶nal (?), n. See Annals. An¶nalÏist, n. [Cf. F. annaliste.] A writer of annals. The monks... were the only annalists in those ages. Hume. An·nalÏis¶tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as, the dry annalistic style.½A stiff annalistic method.¸ Sir G. C. Lewis. An¶nalÏize (?), v. t. To record in annals. Sheldon. An¶nals (?), n. pl. [L. annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles, fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.] 1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. ½Annals the revolution.¸ Macaulay. ½The annals of our religion.¸ Rogers. 2. Historical records; chronicles; history. The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray. It was one of the most critical periods in our annals. Burke. 3. sing. The record of a single event or item. ½In deathless annal.¸ Young. 4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; ½Annals of Science.¸ Syn. - History. See History. { An¶nats (?), An¶nates (?), } n. pl. [See Ann.] (Eccl. Law) The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings. AnÏneal¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Annealing.] [OE. anelen to heat, burn, AS. an?lan; an on + ?lan to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller, fr. LL. nigellare to blacken, fr. L. nigellus blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello, Negro.] 1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen. 2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them. AnÏneal¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, anneals. AnÏneal¶ing, n. 1. The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat. 2. The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc. AnÏnec¶tent (?), a. [L. annectere to tie or bind to. See Annex.] Connecting; annexing. Owen. { An·neÏlid (?), AnÏnel¶iÏdan (?), } a. [F. ann‚lide, fr. anneler to arrange in rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a ring, dim. of annulus a ring.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Annelida. Ð n. One of the Annelida. Ø AnÏnel¶iÏda (?), n. pl. [NL. See Annelid.] (Zo”l.) A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Ch‘topoda, including the Oligoch‘ta or earthworms and Polych‘ta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Ch‘topoda. AnÏnel¶iÏdous (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of the nature of an annelid. Ø An·nelÏla¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) See Annelida. An¶neÏloid (?), n. [F. annel‚ ringed + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) An animal resembling an annelid. AnÏnex¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Annexing.] [F. annexer, fr. L. annexus, p. p. of annectere to tie or bind to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. nah to bind.] 1. To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; Ð followed by to. ½He annexed a codicil to a will.¸ Johnson. 2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater. He annexed a province to his kingdom. Johnson. 3. To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt. Syn. - To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See Add. AnÏnex¶, v. i. To join; to be united. Tooke. AnÏnex¶ (?), n. [F. annexe, L. annexus, neut. annexum, p. p. of annectere.] Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing. An·nexÏa¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. annexation. See Annex, v. t.] 1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold. 2. (a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown. Wharton. An·nexÏa¶tionÏist, n. One who favors annexation. AnÏnex¶er (?), n. One who annexes. AnÏnex¶ion (?), n. [L. annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F. annexion.] Annexation. [R.] Shak. AnÏnex¶ionÏist, n. An annexationist. [R.] AnÏnex¶ment (?), n. The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage. [R.] Shak. AnÏni¶hiÏlaÏble (?), a. Capable of being annihilated. AnÏni¶hiÏlate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annihilated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annihilating.] [ L. annihilare; ad + nihilum, nihil, nothing, ne hilum (filum) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. File, a row.] 1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be. It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. Bacon. 2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the trees. ½To annihilate the army.¸ Macaulay. 3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law, rights, goodness. AnÏni¶hiÏlate (?), a. Anhilated. [Archaic] Swift. AnÏni·hiÏla¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. annihilation.] 1. The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the annihilation of a corporation. 2. The state of being annihilated. Hooker. AnÏni·hiÏla¶tionÏist, n. (Theol.) One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist. AnÏni¶hiÏlaÏtive (?), a. Serving to annihilate; destructive. AnÏni¶hiÏla·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator. AnÏni¶hiÏlaÏtoÏry (?), a. Annihilative. An·niÏver¶saÏriÏly (?), adv. Annually. [R.] Bp. Hall. An·niÏver¶saÏry (?), a. [L. anniversarius; annus year + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. anniversaire.] Returning with the year, at a stated time ? annual; yearly; as, an anniversary feast. ÷ day (R. C. Ch.). See Anniversary, n., 2. Ð ÷ week, that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. [Eastern U. S.] An·niÏver¶saÏry, n. pl. Anniversaries (?). [Cf. F. anniversaire.] 1. The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. 2. (R. C. Ch.) The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope. 3. The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day. Dryden. An¶niÏverse (?), n. [L. anni versus the turning of a year.] Anniversary. [Obs.] Dryden.

An¶noÏda·ted (?), a. [L. ad to + nodus a knot.] (Her.) Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S. Cussans. Ø An¶no Dom¶iÏni (?). [L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. a. d.] In the year of the Christian era; as, a. d. 1887. AnÏnom¶iÏnate (?), v. t. To name. [R.] AnÏnom·iÏna¶tion (?), n. [L. annominatio. See Agnomination.] 1. Paronomasia; punning. 2. Alliteration. [Obs.] Tyrwhitt. An¶noÏtate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annotated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annotating.] [L. annotatus; p. p. of annotare to ~; ad + notare to mark, nota mark. See Note, n.] To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of Bacon. An¶noÏtate, v. i. To make notes or comments; Ð with on or upon. An·noÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. annotatio: cf. F. annotation.] A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; Ð usually in the plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a word or a passage. An·noÏta¶tionÏist, n. An annotator. [R.] An¶noÏtaÏtive (?), a. Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation. An¶noÏta·tor (?), n. [L.] A writer of annotations; a commentator. AnÏno¶taÏtoÏry (?), a. Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations. [R.] An¶noÏtine (?), n. [L. annotinus a year old.] (Zo”l.) A bird one year old, or that has once molted. AnÏnot¶iÏnous (?), a. [L. annotinus, fr. annus year.] (Bot.) A year old; in Yearly growths. AnÏnot¶to (?), ArÏnot¶to (?), n. [Perh. the native name.] A red or yellowishÐred dyeing material, prepared from the pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana) belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter, etc. [Written also Anatto, Anatta, Annatto, Annotta, etc.] AnÏnounce¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Announced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Announcing (?).] [OF. anoncier, F. annoncer, fr. L. annuntiare; ad + nuntiare to report, relate, nuntius messenger, bearer of news. See Nuncio, and cf. Annunciate.] 1. To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to publish; to proclaim. Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was announced trough the country a peal of cannon from the ramparts. Gilpin. 2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence. Publish laws, announce Or life or death. Prior. Syn. - To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare; promulgate. Ð To Publish, Announce, Proclaim, Promulgate. We publish what we give openly to the world, either by oral communication or by means of the press; as, to publish abroad the faults of our neighbors. We announce what we declare by anticipation, or make known for the first time; as, to announce the speedy publication of a book; to announce the approach or arrival of a distinguished personage. We proclaim anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to proclaim the news of victory. We promulgate when we proclaim more widely what has before been known by some; as, to promulgate the gospel. AnÏnounce¶ment (?), n. The act of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces; proclamation; publication. AnÏnoun¶cer (?), n. One who announces. AnÏnoy¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annoyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Annoying.] [OE. anoien, anuien, OF. anoier, anuier, F. ennuyer, fr. OF. anoi, anui, enui, annoyance, vexation, F. ennui. See Annoy,

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n.] To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to vex; as, I was annoyed by his remarks. Say, what can more our tortured souls annoy Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy? Prior. 2. To molest, incommode, or harm; as, to annoy an army by impeding its march, or by a cannonade. Syn. - To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex; tease. AnÏnoy¶ (?), n. [OE. anoi, anui, OF. anoi, anui, enui, fr. L. in odio hatred (esse alicui in odio, Cic.). See Ennui, Odium, Noisome, Noy.] A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one dislike; also, whatever causes such a feeling; as, to work annoy. Worse than Tantalus' is her annoy. Shak. AnÏnoy¶ance (?), n. [OF. anoiance, anuiance.] 1. The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed; molestation; vexation; annoy. A deep clay, giving much annoyance to passengers. Fuller. For the further annoyance and terror of any besieged place, ? would throw into it dead bodies. Wilkins. 2. That which annoys. A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair, Any annoyance in that precious sense. Shak. AnÏnoy¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, annoys. AnÏnoy¶ful (?), a. Annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer. AnÏnoy¶ing, a. That annoys; molesting; vexatious. Ð AnÏnoy¶ingÏly, adv. AnÏnoy¶ous (?), a. [OF. enuius, anoios.] Troublesome; annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer. An¶nuÏal (?; 135), a. [OE. annuel, F. annuel, fr. L. annualis, fr. annus year. Cf. Annals.] 1. Of or pertaining to a year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year; yearly. The annual overflowing of the river [Nile]. Ray. 2. Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by the year; as, the annual motion of the earth. A thousand pound a year, annual support. Shak. 2. Lasting or continuing only one year or one growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; as, an annual plant; annual tickets. Bacon. An¶nuÏal, n. 1. A thing happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published once a year. 2. Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one year or season; an ~ plant. Oaths... in some sense almost annuals;... and I myself can remember about forty different sets. Swift. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A Mass for a deceased person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on the anniversary day. An¶nuÏalÏist, n. One who writers for, or who edits, an annual. [R.] An¶nuÏalÏly, adv. Yearly; year by year. An¶nuÏaÏry (?), a. [Cf. F. annuaire.] Annual. [Obs.] Ð n. A yearbook. An¶nuÏelÏer (?), n. A priest employed in saying annuals, or anniversary Masses. [Obs.] Chaucer. An¶nuÏent (?), a. [L. annuens, p. pr. of annuere; ad + nuere to nod.] Nodding; as, annuent muscles (used in nodding). AnÏnu¶iÏtant (?), n. [See Annuity.] One who receives, or its entitled to receive, an annuity. Lamb. AnÏnu¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Annuities (?). [LL. annuitas, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annuit‚.] A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or forever; an annual allowance. AnÏnul¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Annulling.] [F. annuler, LL. annullare, annulare, fr. L. ad to + nullus none, nullum, neut., nothing. See Null, a.] 1. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate. Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct. And all her various objects of delight Annulled. Milton. 2. To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to abolish; to do away with; Ð used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component authority. Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to our liberties? Burke. Syn. - To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See Abolish. An¶nuÏlar (?), a. [L. annularis, fr. annulis ring: cf. F. annulaire.] 1. Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ringÐshaped; as, annular fibers. 2. Banded or marked with circles. ÷ eclipse (Astron.), an eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete ring of light around the border. An·nuÏlar¶iÏty (?), n. Annular condition or form; as, the annularity of a nebula. J. Rogers. An¶nuÏlarÏry, adv. In an annular manner. An¶nuÏlaÏry (?), a. [L. annularis. See Annular.] Having the form of a ring; annular. Ray. Ø An·nuÏla¶ta (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. annulatus ringed.] (Zo”l.) A class of articulate animals, nearly equivalent to Annelida, including the marine annelids, earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See Annelida. An¶nuÏlate (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Annulata. { An¶nuÏlate , An¶nuÏla·ted (?) } a. [L. annulatus.] 1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed; surrounded by rings of color. 2. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Annulata. An·nuÏla¶tion (?), n. A circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt. Nicholson. An¶nuÏlet (?), n. [Dim. of annulus.] 1. A little ring. Tennyson. 2. (Arch.) A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric capital. 3. (Her.) A little circle borne as a charge. 4. (Zo”l.) A narrow circle of some distinct color on a surface or round an organ. AnÏnul¶laÏble (?), a. That may be Annulled. AnÏnul¶ler (?), n. One who annulus. [R.] AnÏnul¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. annulement.] The act of annulling; abolition; invalidation. An¶nuÏloid (?), a.ÿ(Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Annuloida. Ø An·nuÏloid¶a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. annulus ring + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) A division of the Articulata, including the annelids and allie? groups; sometimes made to include also the helmint?s and echinoderms. [Written also Annuloidea.] Ø An¶nuÏlo¶sa (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) A division of the Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zo”logists it is applied to the former only. An·nuÏlo¶san (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Annulosa. An¶nuÏlose· (?; 277), a. [L. annulus ring.] 1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed. 2. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Annulosa. Ø An¶nuÏlus (?), n.; pl. Annuli (?). [L.] 1. A ring; a ringlike part or space. 2. (Geom.) (a) A space contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within the other. (b) The solid formed by a circle revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does not cut it. 3.ÿ(Zo”l.) RingÐshaped structures or markings, found in, or upon, various animals. AnÏnu¶merÏate (?), v. t. [L. annumeratus, p. p. of annumerare. See Numerate.] To add on; to count in. [Obs.] Wollaston. AnÏnu·merÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. annumeratio.] Addition to a former number. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AnÏnun¶ciÏaÏble (?), a. That may be announced or declared; declarable. [R.] AnÏnun¶ciÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annunciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annunciating.] [L. annuntiare. See Announce.] To announce. AnÏnun¶ciÏate (?), p. p. & a. Foretold; preannounced. [Obs.] Chaucer. AnÏnun·ciÏa¶tion (?; 277), n. [L. annuntiatio: cf. F. annonciation.] 1. The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the annunciation of peace. 2. (Eccl.) (a) The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary. (b) The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day. AnÏnun¶ciÏaÏtive (?), a. Pertaining to annunciation; announcing. [R.] Dr. H. More. An nun¶ciÏa·tor (?), n. [L. annuntiator.] 1. One who announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the festivals to be celebrated. 2. An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates the room where attendance is wanted. AnÏnun¶ciÏaÏtoÏry (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making known. [R.] Ø AÏnoa¶ (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A small wild ox of Celebes (Anoa depressicornis), allied to the buffalo, but having long nearly straight horns. An¶ode (?), n. [Gr. ? up + ? way.] (Elec.) The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; Ð opposed to cathode. Ø An¶oÏdon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? toothless; ? priv. + ?, ?, a tooth.] (Zo”l.) A genus of freshÐwater bivalves, having to teeth at the hinge. [Written also Anodonta.] An¶oÏdyne (?), a. [L. anodynus, Gr. ? free from pain, stilling pain; ? priv. + ? pain: cf. F. anodin.] Serving to assuage pain; soothing. The anodyne draught of oblivion. Burke. µ ½The word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied to the different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus, and lettuce.¸ Am. Cyc. An¶oÏdyne, n. [L. anodyon. See Anodyne, a.] Any medicine which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that soothes disturbed feelings. An¶oÏdy·nous (?), a. Anodyne. AÏnoil¶ (?), v. t. [OF. enoilier.] The anoint with oil. [Obs.] Holinshed. AÏnoint¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Anointing.] [OF. enoint, p. p. of enoindre, fr. L. inungere; in + ungere, unguere, to smear, anoint. See Ointment, Unguent.] 1. To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil. And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs anoint. Dryden.

He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay. John ix. 6. 2. To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration. Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his [Aaron's] head and anoint him. Exod. xxix. 7. Anoint Hazael to be king over Syria. 1 Kings xix. 15. The Lord¶s Anointed, Christ or the Messiah; also, a Jewish or other king by ½divine right.¸ 1 Sam. xxvi. 9. AÏnoint¶, p. p. Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏnoit¶er (?), n. One who anoints. AÏnoint¶ment (?), n. The act of anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment. Milton. Ø AÏno¶lis (?), n. [In the Antilles, anoli, anoalli, a lizard.] (Zo”l.) A genus of lizards which belong to the family Iguanid‘. They take the place in the New World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often called chameleons. AÏnom¶al (?), n. Anything anomalous. [R.] { AÏnom¶aÏliÏped (?)(?), AÏnom¶aÏliÏpede (?), } a. [L. anomalus irregular + pes, pedis, foot.] Having anomalous feet. AÏnom¶aÏliÏped, n. (Zo”l.) One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more or less united to the outer and inner ones. AÏnom¶aÏlism (?), n. An anomaly; a deviation from rule. Hooker. { AÏnom·aÏlis¶tic (?), AÏnom·aÏlis¶ticÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. anomalistique.] 1. Irregular; departing from common or established rules. 2. (Astron.) Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion. Anomalistic month. See under Month. Ð Anomalistic revolution, the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in its elliptic orbit to the same again. Ð Anomalistic, or Periodical year. See under Year. AÏnom·aÏlis¶ticÏalÏly, adv. With irregularity. AÏnom·aÏloÏflo¶rous (?), a. [L. anomalus irregular + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)ÿHaving anomalous flowers. AÏnom¶aÏlous (?), a [L. anomalus, Gr. ? uneven, irregular; ? priv. + ? even, ? same. See Same, and cf. Abnormal.] Deviating from a general rule, method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; as, an anomalousproceeding. AÏnom¶aÏlousÏly, adv. In an anomalous manner. AÏnom¶aÏlousÏness, n. Quality of being anomalous. AÏnom¶aÏly (?), n.; pl. Anomalies (?). [L. anomalia, Gr. ?. See Anomalous.] 1. Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything anomalous. We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various anomalies and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men. Burke. As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater anomaly in nature than a bird that can no fly. Darwin. 2. (Astron.) (a) The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. This is the true ~. The eccentric ~ is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the planet. The mean ~ is what the ~ would be if the planet's angular motion were uniform. (b) The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a planet. 3. (Nat. Hist.) Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific type. Ø AÏno¶miÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? irregular; ? priv. + ? law.] (Zo”l.) A genus of bivalve shells, allied to the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the lower is perforated for attachment. An·oÏmoph¶ylÏlous (?), a. [Gr. ? irregular + ? leaf.] (Bot.) Having leaves irregularly placed. { Ø An·oÏmu¶ra (?), Ø An·oÏmou¶ra (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? lawless + ? tail.] (Zo”l.) A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an example. { An·oÏmu¶ral (?), An·oÏmu¶ran (?), } a. Irregular in the character of the tail or abdomen; as, the anomural crustaceans. [Written also anomoural, anomouran.] An·oÏmu¶ran, n. (Zo”l.) One of the Anomura. An¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ?. See Anomia.] Disregard or violation of law. [R.] Glanvill. AÏnon¶ (?), adv. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + ¾n one. See On and One.] 1. Straightway; at once. [Obs.] The same is he that heareth the word, and ~anon with joy receiveth it. Matt. xiii. 20. 2. Soon; in a little while. As it shall better appear anon. St??. 3. At another time; then; again. Sometimes he trots,... anon he rears upright. Shak. ÷ right, at once; right off. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ð Ev?? and ~, now and then; frequently; often. A pouncet box, which ever and anon He gave his nose. Shak. Ø AÏno¶na , n. [NL. Cf. Ananas.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order Anonace‘, including the soursop. An·oÏna¶ceous , a. Pertaining to the order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc. An¶oÏnym (?), n. [F. anonyme. See Anonymous.] 1. One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for ½pseudonym.¸ 2. A notion which has no name, or which can not be expressed by a single English word. [R.] J. R. Seeley. An·oÏnym¶iÏty , n. The quality or state of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which anonymous. [R.] He rigorously insisted upon the rights of anonymity. Carlyle. AÏnon¶yÏmous , a. [Gr. ? without name; ? priv. + ?, Eol. for ? name. See Name.] Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown

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<-- p. 61 --> or unavowed authorship; as, an anonymous benefactor; on anonymous pamphlet or letter. AÏnon¶yÏmousÏly (?), adv. In an anonymous manner; without a name. Swift. AÏnon¶yÏmousÏness, n. The state or quality of being anonymous. Coleridge. An¶oÏphyte (?), n. [Gr. ? upward (fr. ? up) + ? a plant, ? to grow.] (Bot.) A moss or mosslike plant which cellular stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves. Ø An¶oÏpla (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? unarmed.] (Zo”l.) One of the two orders of Nemerteans. See Nemertina. AnÏop¶loÏthere (?), Ø An·oÏploÏthe¶riÏum (?), n. [From Gr. ? unarmed (? priv. + ? an implement, weapon) + ? beast.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct quadrupeds of the order Ungulata, whose were first found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the name). Ø An·oÏplu¶ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? weapon, sting + ? tail.] (Zo”l.) A group of insects which includes the lice. Ø AÏnop¶siÏa (?), An¶op·sy (?), } a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? sight.] (Med.) Want or defect of sight; blindness. Ø An·oÏrex¶iÏa (?), An¶oÏrex·y (?) } n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? desire, appetite, ? desire.] (Med.) Want of appetite, without a loathing of food. Coxe. AÏnor¶mal (?), a. [F. anormal. See Abnormal, Normal.] Not according to rule; abnormal. [Obs.] AÏnorn (?), v. t. [OF. a”rner, a”urner, fr. L. adornare to adorn. The form aÐourne was corrupted into anourne.] To adorn. [Obs.] Bp. Watson. AÏnor¶thic (?), a. [See Anorthite.] (Min.) Having unequal oblique axes; as, anorthic crystals. AÏnor¶thite (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? straight (? sc. ? right angle); not in a right angle.] A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See Feldspar. AÏnor¶thoÏscope (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? straight + Ïscope.] (Physics) An optical toy for producing amusing figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of which distorted figures are painted. Ø AÏnos¶miÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? smell.] (Med.) Loss of the sense of smell. AnÏoth¶er (?), pron. & a. [An a, one + other.] 1. One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect. Another yet! Ð a seventh! I 'll see no more. Shak. Would serve to scale another Hero's tower. Shak. 2. Not the same; different. He winks, and turns his lips another way. Shak. 3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else; some one else. Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth. Prov. xxvii. 2. While I am coming, another steppeth down before me. John v. 7. µ As a pronoun another may have a possessive another's, pl. others, poss. pl. other'. It is much used in opposition to one; as, one went one way, another another. It is also used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, ½love one another,¸ that is, let each love the other or others. ½These two imparadised in one another's arms.¸ Milton. AnÏoth¶erÐgaines· (?), a. [Corrupted fr. anotherÐgates.] Of another kind. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. AnÏoth¶erÐgates· (?), a. [Another + gate, or gait, way. Cf. Algates.] Of another sort. [Obs.] ½AnotherÐgates adventure.¸ Hudibras. AnÏoth¶erÐguess (?), a. [Corrupted fr. anotherÐgates.] Of another sort. [Archaic] It used to go in anotherÐguess manner. Arbuthnot. AÏnot¶ta (?), n. See Annotto. AnÏou¶ra (?; 277), n. See Anura. AnÏou¶rous (?), a. See Anurous. Ø An¶sa (?), n.; pl. Ans‘ (?). [L., a handle.] (Astron.) A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring. An¶saÏted (?), a. [L. ansatus, fr. ansa a handle.] Having a handle. Johnson. An¶serÏa·ted (?), a. (Her.) Having the extremities terminate in the heads of eagles, lions, etc.; as, an anserated cross. Ø An¶seÏres (?), n. pl. [L., geese.] (Zo”l.) A Linn‘an order of aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc. Ø An·seÏriÏfor¶mes (?), n. pl. (Zo”l.) A division of birds including the geese, ducks, and closely allied forms. An¶serÏine (?), a [L. anserinus, fr. anser a goose.] 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the skin of a goose. 2. (Zo”l.) Pertaining to the Anseres. An¶serÏous (?), a. [L. anser a goose.] Resembling a goose; silly; simple. Sydney Smith. An¶swer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Answered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Answering.] [OE. andswerien, AS. andswerian, andswarian, to ~, fr. andswaru, n., ~. See Answer, n.] 1. To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a charge; to answer an accusation. 2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to. She answers him as if she knew his mind. Shak. So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: ... And him thus answered soon his bold compeer. Milton.

3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute. No man was able to answer him a word. Matt. xxii. 46. These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant. Milton. The reasoning was not and could not be answered. Macaulay. 4. To be or act in return or response to. Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant answered the bell. This proud king... studies day and night To answer all the debts he owes unto you. Shak. (b) To render account to or for. I will... send him to answer thee. Shak. (c) To atone; to be punished for. And grievously hath C‘zar answered it. Shak. (d) To be opposite to; to face. The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them. Gilpin. (e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay. [R.] Money answereth all things. Eccles. x. 19. (f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit. Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the bulk of so prodigious a person. Swift. An¶swer, v. i. 1. To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response. There was no voice, nor any that answered. 1 Kings xviii. 26. 2. To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money intrusted to his care. Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial law. Shak. 3. To be or act in return. Hence: (a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on some soils. Do the strings answer to thy noble hand? Dryden. (b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition. (c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; as, a very few will answer. (d) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; Ð usually with to. That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place answer to convenience. Shak. If this but answer to my just belief, I 'll remember you. Shak. As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Pro?. xxvii. 19. An¶swer, n. [OE. andsware, AS. andswaru; and against + swerian to swear. ?, ?. See AntiÏ, and Swear, and cf. 1st unÏ.] 1. A reply to a change; a defense. At my first answer no man stood with me. 2 Tim. iv. 16. 2. Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1. I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v. 6. 3. Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action. Great the slaughter is Here made by the Roman; great the answer be Britons must take. Shak. 4. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the answer to a problem. 5. (Law) A counterÐstatement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill. Bouvier. Syn. - Reply; rejoinder; response. See Reply. An¶swerÏaÏble (?), a. 1. Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be answerable for a debt, or for damages. Will any man argue that... he can not be justly punished, but is answerable only to God? Swift. 2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer. The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable. Johnson. 3. Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable. What wit and policy of man is answerable to their discreet and orderly course? Holland. This revelation... was answerable to that of the apostle to the Thessalonians. Milton. 4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it. 5. Equal; equivalent; adequate. [Archaic] Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain. Milton. An¶swerÏaÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent. An¶swerÏaÏbly (?), adv. In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence; suitably. An¶swerÏer (?), n. One who answers. An¶swerÏless (?), a. Having no answer, or impossible to be answered. Byron. An 't (?). An it, that is, and it or if it. See An, conj. [Obs.] An't (?). A contraction for are and am not; also used for is not; Ð now usually written ain't. [Colloq. & illiterate speech.] AntÏ. See AntiÏ, prefix. Ïant. [F. Ïant, fr. L. Ïantem or Ïentem, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly from L. Ïantem.] A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; as, merchant, covenant, servant, pleasant, etc. Cf. Ïent. Ant (?), n. [OE. ante, amete, emete, AS. ‘mete akin to G. ameise. Cf. Emmet.] (Zo”l.) A hymenopterous insect of the Linn‘an genus Formica, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire. µ Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as agricultural ants, carpenter ants, honey ants, foraging ants, amazon ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to the Neuroptera. ÷ bird (Zo”l.), one of a very extensive group of South American birds (Formicariid‘), which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called ant shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant wrens. Ð ÷ rice (Bot.), a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed. Ø An¶ta (?), n.; pl. Ant‘ (?). [L.] (Arch.) A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and base. µ Porches, when columns stand between to, ant‘, are called in Latin in antis. AntÏac¶id (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + acid.] (Med.) A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent. Ð a. Counteractive of acidity. AntÏac¶rid (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + acrid.] Corrective of acrimony of the humors. AnÏt‘¶an (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Pertaining to Ant‘us, a giant athlete slain by Hercules. AnÏtag¶oÏnism (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to struggle against; ? against + ? to contend or struggle, ? contest: cf. F. antagonisme. See Agony.] Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles. µ We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a thing, and sometimes with a thing. AnÏtag¶oÏnist (?), n. [L. antagonista, Gr. ?; ? against + ? combatant, champion, fr. ?: cf. F. antagoniste. See Antagonism.] 1. One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent. Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King. Milton. Our antagonists in these controversies. Hooker. 2. (Anat.) A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it. 3. (Med.) A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues. Syn. - Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See Adversary. AnÏtag¶oÏnist, a. Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of philosophy. AnÏtag·oÏnis¶tic (?), AnÏtag·oÏnis¶ticÏal (?), } a. Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against; as, antagonistic forces. Ð AnÏtag·oÏnis¶ticÏalÏly, adv. They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic. Milman. AnÏtag¶oÏnize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antagonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Antagonozing.] [Gr. ?. See Antagonism.] To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract. AnÏtag¶oÏnize, v. i. To act in opposition. AnÏtag¶oÏny (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? + ? contest: cf. F. (16th century) antagonie. See Antagonism.] Contest; opposition; antagonism. [Obs.] Antagony that is between Christ and Belial. Milton. AnÏtal¶gic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? pain: cf. F. antalgique.] (Med.) Alleviating pain. Ð n. A medicine to alleviate pain; an anodyne. [R.] AnÏal¶kaÏli (?; 277), AntÏal¶kaÏline (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + alkali.] Anything that neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the system. Hooper. AntÏal¶kaÏline, a. Of power to counteract alkalies.

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AntÏam·buÏla¶cral (?), a. (Zo”l.) Away from the ambulacral region. Ø Ant·anÏaÏcla¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? + ? a bending back and breaking. See Anaclastic.] (Rhet.) (a) A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; as, Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft. (b) A repetition of words beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; as, Shall that heart (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them), shall that heart, etc. Ø Ant·anÏaÏgo¶ge (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + anagoge.] (Rhet.) A figure which consists in answering the charge of an adversary, by a counter charge. Ant·aphÏroÏdis¶iÏac (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + aphrodisiac.] (Med.) Capable of blunting the venereal appetite. Ð n. Anything that quells the venereal appetite. Ant·aphÏroÏdit¶ic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? Aphrodite: cf. F. antaphroditique.] (Med.) 1. Antaphrodisiac. 2. Antisyphilitic. [R.] Ant·aphÏroÏdit¶ic, n. An ~ medicine. Ant·apÏoÏplec¶tic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + apoplectic.] (Med.) Good against apoplexy. Ð n. A medicine used against apoplexy. AntÏar¶chism (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? government.] Opposition to government in general. [R.] AntÏar¶chist (?), n. One who opposes all government. [R.] Ant·arÏchis¶tic (?), Ant·arÏchis¶ticÏal (?), } a. Opposed to all human government. [R.] AntÏarc¶tic (?), a. [OE. antartik, OF. antartique, F. antarctique, L. antarcticus, fr. Gr. ?; ? + ? bear. See Arctic.] Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from the pole 230 28?. Thus we say the antarctic pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc. Ø AnÏta¶res (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? similar to + ? Mars. It was thought to resemble Mars in color.] The principal star in Scorpio: Ð called also the Scorpion's Heart. Ant·arÏthrit¶ic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + arthritic.] (Med.) Counteracting or alleviating gout. Ð n. A remedy against gout. Ant·asthÏmat¶ic (?; see Asthma; 277), a. [Pref. antiÏ + asthmatic.] (Med.) Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma. Ð n. A remedy for asthma. Ant¶Ðbear· (?), n. (Zo”l.) An edentate animal of tropical America (the Tamanoir), living on ants. It belongs to the genus Myrmecophaga. Ant¶ bird (?), (Zo”l.) See Ant bird, under Ant, n. Ant¶Ðcat·tle (?), n. pl. (Zo”l.) Various kinds of plant lice or aphids tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete. See Aphips. An¶teÏ (?). A Latin preposition and prefix; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. anti, Goth. andÏ, andaÏ (only in comp.), AS. andÏ, ondÏ, (only in comp.: cf. Answer, Along), G. antÏ, entÏ (in comp.). The Latin ante is generally used in the sense of before, in regard to position, order, or time, and the Gr. ? in that of opposite, or in the place of. An¶te, n. (Poker Playing) Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (ante) the game begins. An¶te, v. t. & i. To put up (an ante). An¶teÏact· (?), n. A preceding act. An¶teÏal (?), a. [L. antea, ante, before. Cf. Ancient.] Being before, or in front. [R.] J. Fleming. Ant¶Ðeat·er (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of several species of edentates and monotremes that feed upon ants. See AntÐbear, Pangolin, AardÏvark, and Echidna. An·teÏceÏda¶neÏous (?), a. [See Antecede.] Antecedent; preceding in time. ½Capable of antecedaneous.¸ Barrow. An·teÏcede¶ (?), v. t. & i. [L. antecedere; ante + cedere to go. See Cede.] To go before in time or place; to precede; to surpass. Sir M. Hale. An·teÏced¶ence (?), n. 1. The act or state of going before in time; precedence. H. Spenser. 2. (Astron.) An apparent motion of a planet toward the west; retrogradation. An·teÏced¶enÏ?y (?), n. The state or condition of being antecedent; priority. Fothherby. An·teÏced¶ent (?), a. [L. antecedens, Ïentis, p. pr. of antecedere: cf. F. ant‚c‚dent.] 1. Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; as, an event antecedent to the Deluge; an antecedent cause. 2. Presumptive; as, an antecedent improbability. Syn. - Prior; previous; foregoing. An·teÏced¶ent, n. [Cf. F. ant‚c‚dent.] 1. That which goes before in time; that which precedes. South. The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has surely its antecedents. Max Miller. 2. One who precedes or goes in front. [Obs.] My antecedent, or my gentleman usher. Massinger. 3. pl. The earlier events of one's life; previous principles, conduct, course, history. J. H. Newman. If the troops... prove worthy of their antecedents, the victory is surely ours. Gen. G. McClellan. 4. (Gram.) The noun to which a relative refers; as, in the sentence ½Solomon was the prince who built the temple,¸ prince is the antecedent of who. 5. (Logic) (a) The first or conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; as, If the earth is fixed, the sun must move. (b) The first of the two propositions which constitute an enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal; therefore the king must die. 6. (Math.) The first of the two terms of a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In the ratio a : b, a is the antecedent, and b the consequent. An·teÏced¶entÏly (?), adv. Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; as, antecedently to conversion. Barrow. An·teÏces¶sor (?)(?), n. [L., fr. antecedere, antecessum. See Antecede, Ancestor.] 1. One who goes before; a predecessor. The successor seldom prosecuting his antecessor's devices. Sir E. Sandys. 2. An ancestor; a progenitor. [Obs.] An¶teÏcham·ber (?), n. [Cf. F. antichambre.] 1. A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See Lobby. 2. A space viewed as the outer chamber or the entrance to an interior part. The mouth, the antechamber to the digestive canal. Todd & Bowman. An¶teÏchap·el (?), n. The outer part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel. Shipley. AnÏte¶cians (?), n. pl. See Ant?cians. An·teÏcomÏmun¶ion (?), n. A name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements. An·teÏcur¶sor (?), n. [L., fr. antecurrere to run before; ante + currere to run.] A forerunner; a precursor. [Obs.] An¶teÏdate· (?), n. 1. Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual date. 2. Anticipation. [Obs.] Donne. An¶teÏdate· (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antedated; p. pr. & vb. n. Antedating.] 1. To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date; thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the true time of its execution. 2. To precede in time. 3. To anticipate; to make before the true time. And antedate the bliss above. Pope. Who rather rose the day to antedate. Wordsworth. An·teÏdiÏlu¶viÏal (?), a. [Pref. anteÏ + diluvial.] Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time. An·teÏdiÏlu¶viÏan (?), a. Of or relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence, antiquated; as, an antediluvian vehicle. Ð n. One who lived before the Deluge. An¶teÏfact· (?), n. Something done before another act. [Obs.] An¶teÏfix· (?), n.; pl. E. Antefixes (?); L. Antefixa (?). [L. ante + fixus fixed.] (Arch.) (a) An ornament fixed upon a frieze. (b) An ornament at the eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof. (c) An ornament of the cymatium of a classic cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water. An·teÏflex¶ion (?), n. (Med.) A displacement forward of an organ, esp. the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon itself. T. G. Thomas. Ant¶ egg· (?). One of the small white eggÐshaped pup‘ or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about antÐhills, and popularly supposed to be eggs. An¶teÏlope (?), n. [OF. antelop, F. antilope, fro Gr. ?, ?, Eustathius, ½Hexa‰m.,¸ p. 36, the origin of which is unknown.] (Zo”l.) One of a group of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat. The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many species in Africa and Asia. The antelope and wolf both fierce and fell. Spenser. µ The common or bezoar ~ of India is Antilope bezoartica. The chamois of the Alps, the gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See Gazelle. The pronghorn ~ (Antilocapra Americana) is found in the Rocky Mountains. See Pronghorn. An·teÏlu¶can (?), a. [L. antelucanus; ante + lux light.] Held or being before light; Ð a word applied to assemblies of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning. ½Antelucan worship.¸ De Quincey. An·teÏmeÏrid¶iÏan (?), a. [L. antemeridianus; ante + meridianus belonging to midday or noon. See Meridian.] Being before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev. a. m.) Ant·eÏmet¶ic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + emetic.] (Med.) Tending to check vomiting. Ð n. A remedy to check or allay vomiting. An·teÏmoÏsa¶ic (?), a. Being before the time of Moses. An·teÏmun¶dane (?), a. Being or occurring before the creation of the world. Young. An·teÏmu¶ral (?), n. [L. antemurale: ante + murus wall. See Mural.] An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance. An·teÏna¶tal (?), a. Before birth. Shelley. An·teÏni¶cene (?), a. [L.] Of or in the Christian church or era, anterior to the first council of Nice, held a. d. 325; as, antenicene faith. AnÏten¶na (?), n.; pl. Antenn‘ (?). [L. antenna sailÐyard; NL., a feeler, horn of an insect.] (Zo”l.) A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint. In insects, they are popularly called horns, and also feelers. The term in also applied to similar organs on the heads of other arthropods and of annelids. AnÏten¶nal (?), a. (Zo”l.) Belonging to the antenn‘. Owen. An·tenÏnif¶erÏous (?), a. [Antenna + Ïferous.] (Zo”l.) Bearing or having antenn‘. AnÏten¶niÏform (?), a. [Antenna + Ïform.] Shaped like antenn‘. AnÏten¶nule (?), n. [Dim. of antenna.] (Zo”l.) A small antenna; Ð applied to the smaller pair of antenn‘ or feelers of Crustacea. An·teÏnum¶ber (?), n. A number that precedes another. [R.] Bacon. An·teÏnup¶tial (?), a. Preceding marriage; as, an antenuptial agreement. Kent. An·teÏor¶bitÏal (?), a. & n. (Anat.) Same as Antorbital. An·teÏpas¶chal (?), a. Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before Easter. An¶teÏpast (?), n. [Pref. anteÏ + L. pastus pasture, food. Cf. Repast.] A foretaste. Antepasts of joy and comforts. Jer. Taylor. Ø An·teÏpen¶diÏum (?), n. [LL., fr. L. ante + pendere to hang.] (Eccl.) The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth; the frontal. Smollett. An·teÏpe¶nult (?), Ø An·teÏpeÏnult¶iÏma (?), } n. [L. antepaenultima (sc. syllaba) antepenultimate; ante before + paenultimus the last but one; paene almost + ultimus last.] (Pros.) The last syllable of a word except two, as Ïsyl in monosyllable. An·teÏpeÏnult¶iÏmate (?), a. Of or pertaining to the last syllable but two. Ð n. The antepenult. Ant·ephÏiÏal¶tic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? nightmare.] (Med.) Good against nightmare. Ð n. A remedy nightmare. Dunglison. Ant·epÏiÏlep¶tic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + epileptic.] (Med.) Good against epilepsy. Ð n. A medicine for epilepsy. An¶teÏpone (?), v. t. [L. anteponere.] To put before; to prefer. [Obs.] Bailey. An¶teÏport (?), n. [Cf. LL. anteporta.] An outer port, gate, or door. An·teÏpor¶tiÏco (?), n. An outer porch or vestibule. An·teÏpoÏsi¶tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. antepositio. See Position.] (Gram.) The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules, ought to follow it. An·teÏpran¶diÏal (?), a. Preceding dinner. An·teÏpreÏdic¶aÏment (?), n. (Logic) A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms. Chambers. AnÏte¶riÏor (?), a. [L. anterior, comp. of ante before.] 1. Before in time; antecedent. Antigonus, who was anterior to Polybius. Sir G. C. Lewis. 2. Before, or toward the front, in place; as, the anterior part of the mouth; Ð opposed to posterior. µ In comparative anatomy, anterior often signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy it is often used for ventral. Syn. - Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former; foregoing. AnÏte·riÏor¶iÏty (?), n. [LL. anterioritas.] The state of being anterior or preceding in time or in situation; priority. Pope. AnÏter¶riÏorÏly (?), adv. In an anterior manner; before. An¶teÏroom (?), n. A room before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room. An¶teÏroÐ (?). A combining form meaning anterior, front; as, anteroÐposterior, front and back; anteroÐlateral, front side, anterior and at the side. An¶tes (?), n. pl. Ant‘. See Anta. An·teÏstat¶ure (?), n. (Fort.) A small intrenchment or work of palisades, or of sacks of earth. An¶teÏstom·ach (?), n. A cavity which leads into the stomach, as in birds. Ray. An¶teÏtem·ple (?), n. The portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church. An·teÏver¶sion (?), n. [Pref. anteÏ + L. vertere, versum, to turn.] (Med.) A displacement of an organ, esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is directed further forward than usual. An·teÏvert¶ (?), v. t. [L. antevertere; ante + vertere to turn.] 1. To prevent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 2. (Med.) To displace by anteversion. AntÏhel¶ion (?; 277, 106), n.; pl. Anthelia (?). [Pref. anti + Gr. ? sun.] (Meteor.) A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a cloud or on an opposite fog bank.

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Ant¶heÏlix (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Antihelix. An¶thelÏmin¶tic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ?, ?, worm, esp. a tapeworm, or mawworm..] (Med.) Good against intestinal worms. Ð n. An anthelmintic remedy. [Written also anthelmintic.] An¶them (?), n. [OE. antym, antefne, AS. antefen, fr. LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. ?, neut. pl. of ? antiphon, or anthem, n. neut., from ? sounding contrary, returning a sound; ? over against + ? sound, voice: the anthem being sung by the choristers alternately, one halfÐchoir answering the other: cf. OF. anthaine, anteine, antieune, F. antienne. See Antiphon.] 1. Formerly, a hymn sung in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to sacred music. 2. A song or hymn of praise. Milton. An¶them, v. t. To celebrate with anthems. [Poet.] Sweet birds antheming the morn. Keats. Ø AnÏthe¶miÏon (?), [NL., fr. Gr. ? flower.] A floral ornament. See Palmette. Ø An¶theÏmis (?), n. [Gr. ?, equiv. to ? flower; an herb like our chamomile.] (Bot.) Chamomile; a genus of composite, herbaceous plants. An¶themÏwise· (?), adv. Alternately. [Obs.] Bacon. An¶ther (?), n. [F. anthŠre, L. anthera a medicine composed of flowers, fr. Gr. ? flowery, fr. ? to bloom, ? flower.] (Bot.) That part of the stamen containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary. Ð An¶therÏal (?), a. Ø An·therÏid¶iÏum (?), n.; pl. Antheridia (?). [Anther + ? (a Gr. diminutive ending).] (Bot.) The male reproductive apparatus in the lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; Ð called also spermary. Ð An·therÏid¶iÏal (?), a. An·therÏif¶erÏous (?), a. [Anther + Ïferous.] (Bot.) (a) Producing anthers, as plants. (b) Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower. Gray. AnÏther¶iÏform (?), a. [Anther + Ïform.] Shaped like an anther; antherÐshaped. An·therÏog¶eÏnous (?), a. [Anther + Ïgenous.] (Bot.) Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower. An¶therÏoid (?), a. [Anther + Ïoid.] Resembling an anther. An·therÏoÏzoid (?), An·therÏoÏzoo¶id (?), } n. [Gr. ? flowery + ? animal + Ïoid. See Zooid.] (Bot.) One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptograms. Ø AnÏthe¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ? bloom, fr. ? to bloom, ? flower.] (Bot.) The period or state of full expansion in a flower. Gray. Ant¶Ðhill (?), n. (Zo”l.) A mound thrown up by ants or by termites in forming their nests. AnÏtho¶biÏan (?), n. [Gr. ? flower + ? life.] (Zo”l.) A beetle which feeds on flowers. Ø An·thoÏbran¶chiÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? flower + ? gills, n. pl.] (Zo”l.) A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca, in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior part of the back. See Nudibranchiata, and Doris. An·thoÏcar¶pous (?), a. [Gr. ? flower + ? fruit.] (Bot.) Having some portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the pineapple. An·thoÏcy¶aÏnin (?), n. Same as Anthokyan. Ø AnÏtho¶diÏum (?), n. [NL., from Gr. ? like flowers, flowery; ? flower + ? form.] (Bot.) The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head. AnÏtho¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? flower + Ïgraphy.] A description of flowers. An¶thoid (?), a. [Gr. ? flower + Ïoid.] Resembling a flower; flowerlike. An·thoÏky¶an (?), n. [Gr. ? flower + ? blue.] (Chem.) The blue coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as Cyanin. An¶thoÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ? flower + Ïlite.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant, like a petrified flower. An·thoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts from different authors, especially the poets. He published a geographical and anthological description of all empires and kingdoms... in this terrestrial globe. Wood. AnÏthol¶oÏgist (?), n. One who compiles an anthology. AnÏthol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? flower gathering; ? flower + ? to gather.] 1. A discourses on flowers. [R.] 2. A collection of flowers; a garland. [R.] 3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; Ð particularly applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams. 4. (Gr. Ch.) A service book containing a selection of pieces for the festival services. An·thoÏma¶niÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? flower ? madness.] A extravagant fondness for flowers. [R.] An¶thoÏny's Fire· (?). See Saint Anthony's Fire, under Saint. AnÏthoph¶aÏgous (?), a. [Gr. ? flower + ? to eat.] (Zo”l.) Eating flowers; Ð said of certain insects. An¶thoÏphore (?), n. [Gr. ? bearing flowers; ? flower + ? bearing, ? to bear.] (Bot.) The stipe when developed into an internode between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family. Gray. AnÏtoph¶oÏrous (?), a. Flower bearing; supporting the flower. AnÏthoph¶ylÏlite (?), n. [NL. anthophyllum clove.] A mineral of the hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color. Ð An·thoÏphylÏlit¶ic (?), a. An¶thoÏrism (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? + ? to bound, define.] (Rhet.) A description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party. [R.] An¶thoÏtax·y (?), n. [Gr. ? flower + ? order.] (Bot.) The arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative position of flowers; inflorescence. Ø An·thoÏzo¶a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? flower + ? animal.] (Zo”l.) The class of the C?lenterata which includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups or orders are Acyonaria, Actinaria, and Madreporaria. An·thoÏzo¶an (?), a. (Zo”l.) Pertaining to the Anthozoa. Ð n. One of the Anthozoa. An¶thoÏzo¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Anthozoa. An¶thraÏcene (?), n. [Gr. ? coal.] (Chem.) A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin. [Written also anthracin.] AnÏthrac¶ic (?), a. Of or relating to anthrax; as, anthracic blood. An·thraÏcif¶erÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? coal + Ïferous.] (Min.) Yielding anthracite; as, anthraciferous strata. An¶thraÏcite (?), n. [L. anthracites a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. ? like coals, fr. ?, ?, coal or charcoal. Cf. Anthrax.] A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and blind coal. An¶thraÏcit¶ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, anthracite; as, anthracitic formations. An¶thraÏcoid (?), a. [Anthrax + Ïoid.] (Biol.) Resembling anthrax in action; of the nature of anthrax; as, an anthracoid microbe. An¶thraÏcoÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, coal + Ïmancy.] Divination by inspecting a burning coal. An·thraÏcom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? coal, carbon + Ïmeter.] An instrument for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture. An·thraÏcoÏmet¶ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to an anthracometer. AnÏthra¶oÏnite (?), n. [See Anthracite.] (Min.) A coalÐblack marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; Ð called also stinkstone and swinestone. An·thraÏqui¶none (?), n. [Anthracene + quinone.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow needless. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene. An¶thrax (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ? coal, carbuncle.] 1. (Med.) (a) A carbuncle. (b) A malignant pustule. 2. (Biol.) A microscopic, bacterial organism (Bacillus anthracis), resembling transparent rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.] 3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rodÐshaped bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also splenic fever. Ø AnÏthre¶nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a hornet.] (Zo”l.) A genus of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common ½museum pest¸ is A. varius; the carpet beetle is A. scrophulari‘. The larv‘ are commonly confounded with moths. AnÏthrop¶ic (?), AnÏthrop¶icÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? man.] (Zo”l.) Like or related to man; human. [R.] Owen. Ø AnÏthrop¶Ïd‘ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? man.] (Zo”l.) The group that includes man only. An·throÏpoÏcen¶tric (?), a. [Gr. ? man + ? center.] Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; Ð applied to theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system. Draper. An·throÏpoÏgen¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to anthropogeny. An·throÏpog¶eÏny (?), n. [Gr. ? man + ? birth.] The science or study of human generation, or the origin and development of man. AnÏthrop¶oÏglot (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? man + ?, ?, tongue.] (Zo”l.) An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the parrot. An·throÏpog¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? man + Ïgraphy.] That branch of anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which treats historically of the origin and filiation of races and nations. P. Cyc. An¶throÏpoid (?), a. [Gr. ? man + Ïoid.] Resembling man; Ð applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. Ð n. An ~ ape. An·throÏpoid¶al (?), a. Anthropoid. Ø An·throÏpoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Anthropoid.] (Zo”l.) The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes, and man. An·throÏpol¶aÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? man + ? worship.] Man worship. AnÏthrop¶oÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ? man + Ïlite.] (Paleon.) A petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it. An·throÏpoÏlog¶ic (?), An·throÏpoÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of man. ½Anthropologic wisdom.¸ Kingsley. Ð An·throÏpoÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. An·throÏpol¶oÏgist (?), n. One who is versed in anthropology. An·throÏpol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? man + Ïlogy.] 1. The science of the structure and functions of the human body. 2. The science of man; Ð sometimes used in a limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural history, or as an animal. 3. That manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God. An¶throÏpoÏman·cy (?), n. [Gr. ? man + Ïmancy.] Divination by the entrails of human being. An·throÏpoÏmet¶ric (?), An·throÏpoÏmet¶ricÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to anthropometry. An·throÏpom¶eÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? man + Ïmercy.] Measurement of the height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc. Dunglison. Ø An·throÏpoÏmor¶pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Anthropomorphism.] (Zo”l.) The manlike, or anthropoid, apes. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phic (?), a. Of or pertaining to anthromorphism. Hadley. Ð An·throÏpoÏmor¶phicÏalÏly (?), adv. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phism (?), n. [Gr. ? of human form; ? man + ? form.] 1. The representation of the Deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes and affections. 2. The ascription of human characteristics to things not human. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phist (?), n. One who attributes the human form or other human attributes to the Deity or to anything not human. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phite (?), n. One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the Deity or to a polytheistic deity. Taylor. Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that God has a human form, etc. Tillotson. An·throÏpoÏmorÏphit¶ic (?), a. (Biol.) to anthropomorphism. Kitto. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phiÏtism (?), n. Anthropomorphism. Wordsworth. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phize (?), v. t. & i. To attribute a human form or personality to. You may see imaginative children every day anthropomorphizing. Lowell. An·throÏpoÏmorÏphol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? + Ïlogy. See Anthropomorphism.] The application to God of terms descriptive of human beings. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phoÏsis (?), n. Transformation into the form of a human being. An·throÏpoÏmor¶phous (?), a.ÿHaving the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; as, an anthromorphous plant. ½Anthromorphous apes.¸ Darwin. An·throÏpoÏpath¶ic (?), An·throÏpoÏpath¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to anthropopathy. [R.] Ð An·throÏpoÏpath¶icÏalÏly, adv. The daring anthropopathic imagery by which the prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding, threatening. H. Rogers. An·throÏpop¶aÏthism (?), An·throÏpop¶aÏthy (?), } n. [Gr. ?; ? man + ? suffering, affection, passion, ?, ?, to suffer.] The ascription of human feelings or passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity. In its recoil from the gross anthropopathy of the vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy. Hare. Ø An·throÏpoph¶aÏgi (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. ? eating men; ? man + + ? to eat.] Man eaters; cannibals. Shak. An·throÏpoÏphag¶ic (?), An·throÏpoÏphag¶icÏal (?), } a. Relating to cannibalism or anthropophagy. An·throÏpoph·aÏgin¶iÏan (?), n. One who east human flesh. [Ludicrous] Shak. An·throÏpoph¶aÏgite (?), n. A cannibal. W. Taylor. An·throÏpoph¶aÏgous (?), a. Feeding on human flesh; cannibal. An·throÏpoph¶aÏgy (?)(?), n. [Gr. ?.] The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.

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An¶throÏpoph¶uÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? of man's nature; ? a man + ? nature.] Human nature. [R.] Gladstone. An·throÏpos¶coÏpy (?), n. [Gr. ? man + Ïscopy.] The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from a study of his visible features. [R.] An·throÏpos¶oÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? man + ? wisdom, knowledge.] Knowledge of the nature of man; hence, human wisdom. An·throÏpoÏtom¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human bodies. An·throÏpot¶oÏmist (?), n. One who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy. An·throÏpot¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ? man + ? a cutting.] The anatomy or dissection of the human body; androtomy. Owen. Ant·hypÏnot¶ic (?). See Antihypnotic. Ant·hypÏoÏchon¶driÏac (?), a. & n. See Antihypochondriac. Ant·hysÏter¶ic (?), a. & n. See Antihysteric. An¶ti (?). [Gr. ? against. See Ante.] A prefix meaning against, opposite or opposed to, contrary, or in place of; Ð used in composition in many English words. It is often shortened to antÏ; as, antacid, antarctic. Ø An¶tiÏ‘ (?), n. pl. [L., forelock.] (Zo”l.) The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points. An·tiÏalÏbu¶mid (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + Ïalbumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone. An·tiÏal¶buÏmose· (?), n. (Physiol.) See Albumose. An·tiÐAÏmer¶iÏcan (?), a. Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to the genius of American institutions. Marshall. An·tiÏaph·roÏdis¶iÏac (?), a. & n. Same as Antaphrodisiac. An·tiÏap·oÏplec¶tic (?), a. & n. (Med.) Same as Antapoplectic. An¶tiÏar (?), n. [Jav. antjar.] A Virulent poison prepared in Java from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria). An·tiÏaÏrin (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous principle obtained from antiar. Watts. An·tiÏasthÏmat¶ic (?), a. & n. Same as Antasthmatic. An·tiÏatÏtri¶tion (?), n. Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with some greasy material; antifriction grease. Ø An·tiÏbacÏchi¶us (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ? + ?. See Bacchius.] (Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last short (?). An·tiÏbil¶lous (?), a. Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve biliousness. An·tiÏbranch¶iÏal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or forearm. Ø An·tiÏbrach¶iÏum (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) That part of the fore limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm. An·tiÏbro¶mic (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? a stink.] An agent that destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer. An·tiÏburgh¶er (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who seceded from the Burghers (1747), deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath. An¶tic (?), a. [The same word as antique; cf. It. antico ancient. See Antique.] 1. Old; antique. (Zo”l.) ½Lords of antic fame.¸ Phaer. 2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous. The antic postures of a merryÐandrew. Addison. The Saxons... worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some monstrous, all antic for shape. Fuller. An¶tic, n. 1. A buffoon or merryÏandrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of the old play. 2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure. Woven with antics and wild imagery. Spenser. 3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper. And fraught with antics as the Indian bird That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage. Wordsworth. 4. (Arch.) A grotesque representation. [Obs.] 5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.] Performed by knights and ladies of his court In nature of an antic. Ford. An¶tic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticked (?), Antickt.] To make appear like a buffoon. [Obs.] Shak. An¶tic, v. i. To perform antics. An·tiÏcaÏtarrh·al (?), a. (Med.) Efficacious against catarrh. Ð n. An anticatarrhal remedy. An·tiÏcath¶ode (?), n. (Phys.) The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge. An·tiÏcauÏsod¶ic (?), a. & n. (Med.) Same as Anticausotic. An·tiÏcauÏsot¶ic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? fever, ? to burn.] (Med.) Good against an inflammatory fever. Ð n. A remedy for such a fever. An¶tiÏcham·ber, n. [Obs.] See Antechamber. An¶tiÏchlor (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + chlorine.] (Chem.) Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs after bleaching. An¶tiÏchrist (?), n. [L. Antichristus, Gr. ?; ? against + ?.] A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming. An·tiÏchris¶tian (?; 106), a. Opposed to the Christian religion. An·tiÏchris¶tianÏism (?), An·tiÏchrisÏtian¶iÏty (?), } n. Opposition or contrariety to the Christian religion. An·tiÏchris¶tianÏly (?), adv. In an antichristian manner. An·tiÏchron¶icÏal (?), a. Deviating from the proper order of time. Ð An·tiÏchron¶icÏalÏly, adv. AnÏtich¶roÏnism (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? against + ? time.] Deviation from the true order of time; anachronism. [R.] Selden. Ø AnÏtich¶thon (?), n.; pl. Antichthones (?). [Gr. ?; ? against + ? the earth.] 1. A hypothetical earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun. Grote. 2. pl. Inhabitants of opposite hemispheres. Whewell. AnÏtic¶iÏpant (?), a. [L. anticipans, p. pr. of anticipare.] Anticipating; expectant; Ð with of. Wakening guilt, anticipant of hell. Southey. AnÏtic¶iÏpate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticipated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Anticipating (?).] [L. anticipatus, p. p. of anticipare to anticipate; ante + capere to make. See Capable.] 1. To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action. To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose. R. Hall. He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the populace. Macaulay. 2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part of his argument. 3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired. 4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the evils of life. Syn. - To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect. Ð To Anticipate, Expect. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally, to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, ½I did not anticipate a refusal,¸ expresses something less definite and strong than to say, ½ did not expect it.¸ Still, anticipate is a convenient word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the thought will allow. Good with bad Expect to hear; supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men. Milton. I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives. Spectator. Timid men were anticipating another civil war. Macaulay. AnÏtic·iÏpa¶tion (?), n. [L. anticipatio: cf. F. anticipation.] 1. The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order. So shall my anticipation prevent your discovery. Shak. 2. Previous view or impression of what is to happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; as, the anticipation of the joys of heaven. The happy anticipation of renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just. Thodey. 3. Hasty notion; intuitive preconception. Many men give themselves up to the first anticipations of their minds. Locke. 4. (Mus.) The commencing of one or more tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a momentary discord. Syn. - Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation; antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight; forethought. AnÏtic¶iÏpaÏtive (?), a. Anticipating, or containing anticipation. ½Anticipative of the feast to come.¸ Cary. Ð AnÏtic¶iÏpaÏtiveÏly, adv. AnÏtic¶iÏpa·tor (?), n. One who anticipates. AnÏtic¶iÏpaÏtoÏry (?), a. Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation. Owen. Here is an anticipatory glance of what was to be. J. C. Shairp. An·tiÏciv¶ic (?), n. Opposed to citizenship. An·tiÏciv¶ism (?), n. Opposition to the body politic of citizens. [Obs.] Carlyle. An·tiÏclas¶tic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ = Gr. ? to break.] Having to opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the surface of a saddle. An·tiÏcli¶max (?), n. (Rhet.) A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important and striking, at the close; Ð the opposite of climax. It produces a ridiculous effect. Example: Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war, LieutenantÏcolonel to the Earl ?? Mar. An·tiÏcli¶nal (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? to incline.] Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See Synclinal. ÷ line, ÷ axis (Geol.), a line from which strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a roof. Ð ÷ vertebra (Anat.), one of the dorsal vertebr‘, which in many animals has an upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring vertebr‘ are inclined. An·tiÏcli¶nal, n. (Geol.) The crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite directions. Ø An·tiÏcliÏno¶riÏum (?), n.; pl. Anticlinoria (?). [NL., fr. Gr. ? against + ? to incline + ? mountain.]] (Geol.) The upward elevation of the crust of the earth, resulting from a geanticlinal. An¶ticÏly (?), adv. Oddly; grotesquely. An¶ticÐmask· (?), n. An antimask. B. Jonson. An¶ticÏness, n. The quality of being antic. Ford. An·tiÏcon·stiÏtu¶tionÏal (?), a. Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional. An·tiÏconÏta¶gious (?), a. (Med.) Opposing or destroying contagion. An·tiÏconÏvul¶sive (?), a. (Med.) Good against convulsions. J. Floyer. An¶tiÏcor (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + L. cor heart; cf. F. antic?ur.] (Far.) A dangerous inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the heart. AnÏti¶cous (?), a. [L. anticus in front, foremost, fr. ante before.] (Bot.) Facing toward the axis of the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily. An¶tiÏcy·clone (?), n. (Meteorol.) A movement of the atmosphere opposite in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone. Ð An·tiÏcyÏclon¶ic (?), a. Ð An·tiÏcyÏclon¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. An¶tiÏdo·tal (?)(?) a. Having the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of poison. Sir T. Browne. Ð An¶tiÏdo·talÏly, adv. An¶tiÏdo·taÏry (?), a. Antidotal. Ð n. Antidote; also, a book of antidotes. An¶tiÏdote (?), n. [L. antidotum, Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ? given against; ? against + ? to give: cf. F. antidote. See Dose, n.] 1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; Ð used with against, for, or to; as, an antidote against, for, or to, poison. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce. An¶tiÏdote, v. t. 1. To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote. Nor could Alexander himself... antidote... the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins. South. 2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote. An·tiÏdot¶icÏal (?), a. Serving as an antidote. Ð An·tiÏdot¶icÏalÏly, adv. AnÏtid¶roÏmous (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? a running.] (Bot.) Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem. An·tiÏdys·enÏter¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against dysentery. Ð n. A medicine for dysentery. An·tiÏeÏmet¶ic (?), a. ? n. (Med.) Same as Antemetic. An·tiÏeph·iÏal¶tic (?), a. & n. (Med.) Same as Antephialtic. An·tiÏep·iÏlep¶tic (?), a. & n. (Med.) Same as Antepileptic. An·tiÏfe¶brile (?), a. & n. (Med.) Febrifuge. An·tiÏfeb¶rine (?), n. (Med.) Acetanilide. An·tiÐfed¶erÏalÏist (?), n. One of party opposed to a federative government; Ð applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States. Pickering. An·tiÏfric¶tion (?), n. Something to lesse? friction; antiattrition. Ð a. Tending to lessen friction. An·tiÏgaÏlas¶tic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ?, ?, milk.] Causing a diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk. An·tiÏGal¶liÏcan (?), a. Opposed to what is Gallic or French. An¶tiÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ? a transcribing: cf. F. antigraphe.] A copy or transcript. An·tiÏgug¶gler (?)(?) n. [Pref. antiÏ + guggle or gurgle.] A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment or causing a gurgling noise. An·tiÏhe¶lix (?), n. (Anat.) The curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in front o? the helix. See Ear. An·tiÏhem·orÏrhag¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Tending to stop hemorrhage. Ð n. A remedy hemorrhage. An·tiÏhy·droÏphob¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Counteracting or preventing hydrophobia. Ð n. A remedy for hydrophobia. An·tiÏhyÏdrop¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against dropsy. Ð n. A remedy for dropsy. An·tiÏhypÏnot¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Tending to prevent sleep. Ð n. An antihypnotic agent. An·tiÏhyp·oÏchon¶driÏac (?), a. (Med.) Counteractive of hypochondria. Ð n. A remedy for hypochondria. An·tiÏhysÏter¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Counteracting hysteria. Ð n. A remedy for hysteria. An·tiÏicÏter¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against jaundice. Ð n. A remedy for jaundice. Ø An·tiÏleÏgom¶eÏna (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? against + ? to speak; part. pass. ?.] (Eccl.) Certain books of the New Testament which were for a time not universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the Homologoumena. An·tiÏliÏbra¶tion (?), n. A balancing; equipoise. [R.] De Quincey.

An·tiÏlith¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed. Ð n. An antilithic medicine. An·tiÏlog¶aÏrithm (?), n. (Math.) The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. Ð An·tiÏlog·aÏrith¶mic (?), a. AnÏtil¶oÏgous (?), a. Of the contrary name or character; Ð opposed to analogous. ÷ pole (Eccl.), that pole of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when heated. AnÏtil¶oÏgy (?), n.; pl. Antilogies (?). [Gr. ?, fr. ? contradictory; ? against + ? to speak.] A contradiction between any words or passages in an author. Sir W. Hamilton.

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An·tiÏloi¶mic (?), n. (Med.) A remedy against the plague. Brande & C. AnÏtil¶oÏpine (?), a. Of or relating to the antelope. AnÏtil¶oÏquist (?), n. A contradicter. [Obs.] AnÏtil¶oÏquy (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + L. loqui to speak.] Contradiction. [Obs.] An·tiÏlys¶sic (?), a. & n. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? rage, madness.] (Med.) Antihydrophobic. An·tiÏmaÏcas¶sar (?), n. A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the hair. An·tiÏmaÏgis¶tricÏal (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + magistrical for magistratical.] Opposed to the office or authority of magistrates. [Obs.] South. An·tiÏmaÏla¶riÏal (?), a. Good against malaria. An¶tiÏmask· (?), n. A secondary mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious mask. [Written also antimasque.] Bacon. An·tiÏma¶son (?), n. One opposed to Freemasonry. Ð An·tiÏmaÏson¶ic (?), a. An·tiÏma¶sonÏry (?), n. Opposition to Freemasonry. An·tiÏmeÏphit¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against mephitic or deleterious gases. Ð n. A remedy against mephitic gases. Dunglison. An¶tiÏmere (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + Ïmere.] (Biol.) One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals; one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and plants. Ø An·tiÏmeÏtab¶oÏle (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed order. Ø An·tiÏmeÏtath¶eÏsis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Rhet.) An antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse order. AnÏtim¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? like + ? measure.] A modification of the quadrant, for measuring small angles. [Obs.] An·tiÏmoÏnar¶chic (?), An·tiÏmoÏnar¶chicÏal (?), } Opposed to monarchial government. Bp. Benson. Addison. An·tiÏmon¶archÏist (?), n. An enemy to monarchial government. An·tiÏmo¶nate (?), n.ÿ(Chem.) A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical. [Written also antimoniate.] An·tiÏmo¶niÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to antimony. Ð n. (Med.) A preparation or medicine containing antimony. ÷ powder, a consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; Ð also called James's powder. An·tiÏmo¶niÏa·ted (?), a. Combined or prepared with antimony; as, antimoniated tartar. An·tiÏmon¶ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; Ð said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest equivalence; as, antimonic acid. An·tiÏmo¶niÏous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; Ð said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has an equivalence next lower than the highest; as, antimonious acid. An¶tiÏmoÏnite· (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A compound of antimonious acid and a base or basic radical. 2. (Min.) Stibnite. An·tiÏmo¶niÏuÏret·ed (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with or containing antimony; as, antimoniureted hydrogen. [Written also antimoniuretted.] An¶tiÏmoÏny (?; 112), n. [LL. antimonium, of unknown origin.] (Chem.) An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb. µ It is of tinÐwhite color, brittle, laminated or crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, as type metal and bell metal, and also for medical preparations, which are in general emetics or cathartics. By ancient writers, and some moderns, the term is applied to native gray ore of antimony, or stibnite (the stibium of the Romans, and the ? of the Greeks, a sulphide of ~, from which most of the ~ of commerce is obtained. Cervantite, senarmontite, and valentinite are native oxides of ~. An·tiÏna¶tionÏal (?), a. Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national government. An·tiÏneÏphrit¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys. Ð n. An ~ remedy. An·tiÏno¶miÏan (?), a. [See Antimony.] Of or pertaining to the Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is obligatory. An·tiÏno¶miÏan, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535. Mosheim. An·tiÏno¶miÏanÏism (?), n. The tenets or practice of Antinomians. South. AnÏtin¶oÏmist (?), n. An Antinomian. [R.] Bp. Sanderson. AnÏtin¶oÏmy (?; 277), n.; pl. Antinomies (?). [L. antinomia, Gr. ?; ? against + ? law.] 1. Opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule. Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite doctrines. In some instances this apparent antinomy is doubtful. De Quincey. 2. An opposing law or rule of any kind. As it were by his own antinomy, or counterstatute. Milton. 3. (Metaph.) A contradiction or incompatibility of thought or language; Ð in the Kantian philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of experience. An·tiÏo¶chiÏan (?), a. 1. Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the founder of a sect of philosophers. 2. Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in Syria. ÷ epoch (Chron.), a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia, b. c. 48. An·tiÏo·donÏtal¶gic (?), a. (Med.) Efficacious in curing toothache. Ð n. A remedy for toothache. An·tiÏorÏgas¶tic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? to swell, as with lust.] (Med.) Tending to allay venereal excitement or desire; sedative. An·tiÏpa¶pal (?), a. Opposed to the pope or to popery. Milton. An·tiÏpar¶alÏlel (?), a. Running in a contrary direction. Hammond. An·tiÏpar¶alÏlels (?), n. pl. (Geom.) Straight lines or planes which make angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by parallel lines or planes. An·tiÏpar·aÏlyt¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against paralysis. Ð n. A medicine for paralysis. An·tiÏpar·aÏlyt¶icÏal (?), a. Antiparalytic. An·tiÏpaÏthet¶ic (?), An·tiÏpaÏthet¶icÏal (?), } a. Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to a thing; characterized by antipathy; Ð often followed by to. Fuller. An·tiÏpath¶ic (?), a. [NL. antipathicus, Gr. ? of opposite feelings.] (Med.) Belonging to antipathy; opposite; contrary; allopathic. AnÏtip¶aÏthist (?), n. One who has an antipathy. [R.] ½Antipathist of light.¸ Coleridge. AnÏtip¶aÏthous (?), a. Having a natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. AnÏtip¶aÏthize (?), v. i. To feel or show antipathy. [R.] AnÏtip¶aÏthy (?), n.; pl. Antipathies (?). [L. antipathia, Gr. ?; ? against + ? to suffer. Cf. F. antipathie. See Pathos.] 1. Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or dislike; repugnance; distaste. Inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided. Washington. 2. Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of qualities; as, oil and water have antipathy. A habit is generated of thinking that a natural antipathy exists between hope and reason. I. Taylor. µ Antipathy is opposed to sympathy. It is followed by to, against, or between; also sometimes by for. Syn. - Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste; enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See Dislike. An·tiÏpep¶tone (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice. An·tiÏpe·riÏod¶ic (?), n. (Med.) A remedy possessing the property of preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of disease, as in intermittent fevers. An·tiÏper·iÏstal¶tic (?), a. (Med.) Opposed to, or checking motion; acting upward; Ð applied to an inverted action of the intestinal tube. Ø An·tiÏpeÏris¶taÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? against + ? a standing around, fr. ? to stand around; ? around + ? to stand.] Opposition by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite principle or quality. An·tiÏper·iÏstat¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to antiperistasis. An·tiÏpet¶alÏous (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + petal.] (Bot.) Standing before a petal, as a stamen. An·tiÏphar¶mic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? poison.] (Med.) Antidotal; alexipharmic. An·tiÏphloÏgis¶tian (?), n. An opposer of the theory of phlogiston. An·tiÏphloÏgis¶tic (?), a. 1. (Chem.) Opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston. 2. (Med.) Counteracting inflammation. An·tiÏphloÏgis¶tic, n. (Med.) Any medicine or diet which tends to check inflammation. Coxe. An¶tiÏphon (?), n. [LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. ?. See Anthem.] 1. A musical response; alternate singing or chanting. See Antiphony, and Antiphone. 2. A verse said before and after the psalms. Shipley. AnÏtiph¶oÏnal (?), a. Of or pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately by a divided choir or opposite choirs. Wheatly. Ð AnÏtiph¶oÏnalÏly, adv. AnÏtiph¶oÏnal, n. A book of antiphons or anthems. AnÏtiph¶oÏnaÏry (?), n. [LL. antiphonarium. See Antiphoner.] A book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are contained. An¶tiÏphone (?), n. (Mus.) The response which one side of the choir makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or signing. AnÏtiph¶oÏner (?), n. [F. antiphonaire. See Antiphon.] A book of antiphons. Chaucer.

An·tiÏphon¶ic (?), a. Antiphonal. AnÏtiph¶oÏny (?), n.; pl. Antiphonies (?). [See Antiphon.] 1. A musical response; also, antiphonal chanting or signing. 2. An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively. O! never more for me shall winds intone, With all your tops, a vast antiphony. R. Browning. Ø AnÏtiph¶raÏsis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to express by antithesis or negation.] (Rhet.) The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a court of vengeance. An·tiÏphras¶tic (?), An·tiÏphras¶ticÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?.] Pertaining to antiphrasis. Ð An·tiÏphras¶ticÏalÏly, adv. An·tiÏphthis¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Relieving or curing phthisis, or consumption. Ð n. A medicine for phthisis. An·tiÏphys¶icÏal (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + physical.] Contrary to nature; unnatural. An·tiÏphys¶icÏal, a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? to inflate.] (Med.) Relieving flatulence; carminative. An·tiÏplas¶tic (?), a. 1. Diminishing plasticity. 2. (Med.) Preventing or checking the process of healing, or granulation. An·tiÏpoÏdag¶ric (?), a. (Med.) Good against gout. Ð n. A medicine for gout. AnÏtip¶oÏdal (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side of the globe. 2. Diametrically opposite. His antipodal shadow.¸ Lowell. An¶tiÏpode (?), n. One of the antipodes; anything exactly opposite. In tale or history your beggar is ever the just antipode to your king. Lamb. µ The singular, antipode, is exceptional in formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English plural would be ?, the last syllable rhyming with abodes, and this pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is pronounced, after the English method of Latin, ?. An·tiÏpo¶deÏan (?), a. Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the world; antipodal. AnÏtip¶oÏdes (?), n. [L. pl., fr. Gr. ? with the feet opposite, pl. ? ?; ? against + ?, ?, foot.] 1. Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite. 2. The country of those who live on the opposite side of the globe. Latham. 3. Anything exactly opposite or contrary. Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a more perfect antipodes to all that hath hitherto been gospel? Hammond. An¶tiÏpole (?), n. The opposite pole; anything diametrically opposed. Geo. Eliot. An¶tiÏpope (?), n. One who is elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at Avignon during the Great Schism. An·tipÏsor¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Of use in curing the itch. Ð n. An antipsoric remedy. Ø An·tipÏto¶sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?; ? against + ? a falling, a case, ? to fall.] (Gram.) The putting of one case for another. An·tiÏpu·treÏfac¶tive (?), An·tiÏpuÏtres¶cent (?), } a. Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic. An·tiÏpy¶ic (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ?, ?, pus.] (Med.) Checking or preventing suppuration. Ð n. An antipyic medicine. Ø An·tiÏpyÏre¶sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? against + ? to be feverish, fr. ? fire.] (Med.) The condition or state of being free from fever. An·tiÏpyÏret¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Efficacious in preventing or allaying fever. Ð n. A febrifuge. An·tiÏpy¶rine (?), n. (Med.) An artificial alkaloid, believed to be efficient in abating fever. An·tiÏpyÏrot¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against burns or pyrosis. Ð n. Anything of use in preventing or healing burns or pyrosis. An·tiÏqua¶riÏan (?), a. [See Antiquary. Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity; as, antiqua rian literature. An·tiÏqua¶riÏan, n. 1. An antiquary. 2. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n. An·tiÏqua¶riÏanÏism (?), n. Character of an antiquary; study or love of antiquities. Warburton. An·tiÏqua¶riÏanÏize (?), v. i. To act the part of an antiquary. [Colloq.] An¶tiÏquaÏry (?), a. [L. antiquarius, fr. antiquus ancient. See Antique.] Pertaining to antiquity. [R.] ½Instructed by the antiquary times.¸ Shak. An¶tiÏquaÏry, n.; pl. Antiquaries (?). One devoted to the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions, monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins, manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of antiquity. An¶tiÏquate (?), v. t. [L. antiquatus, p. p. of antiquare, fr. antiquus ancient.] To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate. Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and antiquate or abrogate old one. Sir M. Hale. An¶tiÏqua·ted (?), a. Grown old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; oldÐfashioned; as, an antiquated law. ½Antiquated words.¸ Dryden. Old Janet, for so he understood his antiquated attendant was denominated. Sir W. Scott. Syn. - Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See Ancient. An¶tiÏqua·tedÏness, n. Quality of being antiquated. An¶tiÏquateÏness (?), n. Antiquatedness. [Obs.] An·tiÏqua¶tion (?), n. [L. antiquatio, fr. antiquare.] The act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated. Beaumont. AnÏtique¶ (?), a. [F., fr. L. antiquus old, ancient, equiv. to anticus, from ante before. Cf. Antic.] 1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; as, an antique statue. In this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome. For the antique world excess and pride did hate. Spenser.

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2. Old, as respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; as, an antique robe. ½Antique words.¸ Spenser. 3. Made in imitation of antiquity; as, the antique style of Thomson's ½Castle of Indolence.¸ 4. Odd; fantastic. [In this sense, written antic.] Syn. - Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; oldÐfashioned; old. See Ancient. AnÏtique¶ (?), n. [F. See Antique, a. ] In general, anything very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of ancient art; collectively, the antique, the remains of ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases. Misshapen monuments and maimed antiques. Byron. AnÏtique¶ly, adv. In an antique manner. AnÏtique¶ness, n. The quality of being antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship. We may discover something venerable in the antiqueness of the work. Addison. An¶tiÏquist (?), n. An antiquary; a collector of antiques. [R.] Pinkerton. AnÏtiq·uiÏta¶riÏan (?), n. An admirer of antiquity. [Used by Milton in a disparaging sense.] [Obs.] AnÏtiq¶uiÏty (?), n.; pl. Antiquities (?). [L. antiquitas, fr. antiquus: cf. F. antiquit‚. See Antique.] 1. The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age; as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity. 2. Old age. [Obs.] It not your voice broken?... and every part about you blasted with antiquity? Shak. 3. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of antiquity. 4. The ancients; the people of ancient times. That such pillars were raised by Seth all antiquity has ?vowed. Sir W. Raleigh. 5. An old gentleman. [Obs.] You are a shrewd antiquity, neighbor Clench. B. Jonson. 6. A relic or monument of ancient times; as, a coin, a statue, etc.; an ancient institution. [In this sense, usually in the plural.] ½Heathen antiquities.¸ Bacon. An·tiÏraÏchit¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against the rickets. An·tiÏrent¶er (?), n. One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840Ð47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York. Ð An·tiÏrent¶ism (?), n. An·tiÏsab·baÏta¶riÏan (?), n. (Eccl.) One of a sect which opposes the observance of the Christian Sabbath. An·tiÏsac·erÏdo¶tal (?), a. Hostile to priests or the priesthood. Waterland. AnÏtis¶cians (?), Ø AnÏtis¶ciÏi (?), } n. pl. [L. antiscii, Gr. ?, pl.; ? against + ? shadow.] The inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions. The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are always Antiscians. Brande & C. An·tiÏscoÏlet¶ic (?), An·tiÏscol¶ic (?), } a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? a worm.] (Med.) Anthelmintic. An·tiÏscorÏbu¶tic (?), a. (Med.) Counteracting scurvy. Ð n. A remedy for scurvy. An·tiÏscorÏbu¶ticÏal (?), a. (Med.) Antiscorbutic. An·tiÏscrip¶turÏal (?), a. Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy Scriptures. An·tiÏsep¶alÏous (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + sepal.] (Bot.) Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf. An·tiÏsep¶tic (?), An·tiÏsep¶ticÏal (?), } a. Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent tendency in the system; antiputrefactive. ÷ surgery, that system of surgical practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the dressing of wounds. An·tiÏsep¶tic, n. A substance which prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from, putrefactive organisms; as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol, cinchona. An·tiÏsep¶ticÏalÏly (?), adv. By means of antiseptics. An·tiÏslav¶erÏy (?), a. Opposed to slavery. Ð n. Opposition to slavery. An·tiÏso¶cial (?), a. Tending to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or hostile to its existence; as, antisocial principles. An·tiÏso¶cialÏist, n. One opposed to the doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism. An·tiÏso¶lar (?), a. Opposite to the sun; Ð said of the point in the heavens 1800 distant from the sun. An·tiÏspasÏmod¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Good against spasms. Ð n. A medicine which prevents or allays spasms or convulsions. An¶tiÏspast (?), n. [L. antispastus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to draw the contrary way; ? against + ? to draw.] (Pros.) A foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the second and third long (?). An·tiÏspas¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?. See Antispast.] (Med.) (a) Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of humors from one part to another. [Obs.] (b) Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic. Ð n. An antispastic agent. An·tiÏsplen¶eÏtic (?; see Splenetic, 277), a. Good as a remedy against disease of the spleen. Ð n. An ~ medicine. Ø AnÏtis¶troÏphe (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to turn to the opposite side; ? against + ? to turn. See Strophe.] 1. In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous strophe or movement from right to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song. It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in turning from east to west; the other, named antistrophe, in returning from west to east; then they stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last part of the song. Abp. Potter. 2. (Rhet.) (a) The repetition of words in an inverse order; as, the master of the servant and the servant of the master. (b) The retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him. An·tiÏstroph¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to an antistrophe. Ø AnÏtis¶troÏphon (?), n. [Gr. ? turned opposite ways.] (Rhet.) An argument retorted on an opponent. Milton. An·tiÏstru¶mat¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Antistrumous. Ð n. A medicine for scrofula. An·tiÏstru¶mous (?), a. (Med.) Good against scrofulous disorders. Johnson. Wiseman. An·tiÏsyph·iÏlit¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Efficacious against syphilis. Ð n. A medicine for syphilis. An·tiÏthe¶ism (?), n. The doctrine of antitheists. Ð An·tiÏtheÏis¶tic (?), a. An·tiÏthe¶ist, n. A disbeliever in the existence of God. AnÏtith¶eÏsis (?), n.; pl. Antitheses (?). [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to set against, to oppose; ? against + ? to set. See Thesis.] 1. (Rhet.) An opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the same sentence; as, ½The prodigal robs his heir; the miser robs himself.¸ He had covertly shot at Cromwell; he how openly aimed at the Queen.¸ 2. The second of two clauses forming an ~. 3. Opposition; contrast. An¶tiÏthet (?), n. [L. antitheton, fr. Gr. ?, ?, antithetic.] An antithetic or contrasted statement. Bacon. An·tiÏthet¶ic (?), An·tiÏthet¶icÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?.] Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted. An·tiÏthet¶icÏalÏly, adv. By way antithesis. An·tiÏtox¶in , An·tiÏtox¶ine } (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + toxin.] A substance (sometimes the product of a specific microÐorganism and sometimes naturally present in the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects of pathogenic bacteria. An¶tiÐtrade· (?), n. A tropical wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade wind. Ø AnÏtit¶raÏgus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Anat.) A prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear, opposite the tragus. See Ear. Ø An·tiÏtroÏchan¶ter (?), n. (Anat.) An articular surface on the ilium of birds against which the great trochanter of the femur plays. AnÏtit¶roÏpal (?), AnÏtit¶roÏpous (?), } a. [Pref. antiÏ + Gr. ? turn, ? to turn.] (Bot.) At the extremity most remote from the hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as the radicle. Lindley. An¶tiÏty·pal (?), a. Antitypical. [R.] An¶tiÏtype (?), n. [Gr. ? of corresponding form; ? against + ? type, figure. See Type.] That of which the type pattern or representation; that which is represented by the type or symbol. An·tiÏtyp¶icÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type. Ð An·tiÏtyp¶icÏalÏly, adv. AnÏtit¶yÏpous (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Resisting blows; hard. [Obs.] Cudworth. AnÏtit¶yÏpy (?), n. [Gr. ?.] Opposition or resistance of matter to force. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton. An·tiÏvac·ciÏna¶tion (?), n. Opposition to vaccination. London Times. An·tiÏvac·ciÏna¶tionÏist, n. An antivaccinist. An·tiÏvac¶ciÏnist, n. One opposed to vaccination. An·tiÏvaÏri¶oÏlous (?), a. Preventing the contagion of smallpox. An·tiÏveÏne¶reÏal (?), a. Good against venereal poison; antisyphilitic. An·tiÏviv·iÏsec¶tion (?), n. Opposition to vivisection. An·tiÏviv·iÏsec¶tionÏist, n. One opposed to vivisection An·tiÏzym¶ic (?), a. Preventing fermentation. An·tiÏzyÏmot¶ic (?), a. (Med.) Preventing fermentation or decomposition. Ð n. An agent so used. Ant¶ler (?), n. [OE. auntelere, OF. antoillier, andoiller, endouiller, fr. F. andouiller, fr. an assumed LL. antocularis, fr. L. ante before + oculus eye. See Ocular.] (Zo”l.) The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag. Huge stags with sixteen antlers. Macaulay. µ The branch next to the head is called the brow antler, and the branch next above, the bez antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the beam, and the branches are often called tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See Velvet. ÷ moth (Zo”l.), a destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which devastates grass lands. Ant¶lered (?), a. Furnished with antlers. The antlered stag. Cowper. Ø Ant¶liÏa (?), n.; pl. Antil‘ (?). [L., a pump, Gr. ? hold of a ship.] (Zo”l.) The spiral tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See Lepidoptera. Ant¶Ðli·on (?), n. (Zo”l.) A neuropterous insect, the larva of which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The common American species is Myrmeleon obsoletus, the European is M. formicarius. Ø AnÏt?¶ci (?), AnÏt?¶Ïcians (?), n. pl. [NL. antoeci, fr. Gr. pl. ?; ? opposite + ? to live.] Those who live under the same meridian, but on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the equator. Ø An·toÏnoÏma¶siÏa (?; 277), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to name instead; ? + ? to name, ? name.] (Rhet.) The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when his majesty is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say, the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a Solomon, or an eminent orator a Cicero. An·toÏnoÏmas¶tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia. Ð An·toÏnoÏmas¶ticÏalÏly (?), adv. AnÏton¶oÏmaÏsy (?), n. Antonomasia. An¶toÏnym (?), n. [Gr. ? a word used in substitution for another; ? + ?, ?, a word.] A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; Ð used as a correlative of synonym. [R.] C. J. Smith. AntÏor¶bitÏal (?), a. [Pref. antiÏ + orbital.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of the orbit. Ð n. The ~ bone. Ant·orÏgas¶tic (?), a. See Antiorgastic. AntÏo¶zone (?), n. [Pref. antiÏ + ozone.] (Chem.) A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; Ð so called because apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen. An¶tral (?), a. (Anat.) Relating to an antrum. An¶tre (?), n. [F. antre, L. antrum, fr. Gr. ?.] A cavern. [Obs.] Shak. AnÏtrorse¶ (?), a. [From L. ante + versun turned; apparently formed in imitation of re?rorse.] (Bot.) Forward or upward in direction.

Gray. An·troÏvert¶ (?), v. t. To bend forward. [R.] Owen. Ø An¶trum (?), n.; pl. Antra (?). [L., fr. Gr. ?.] A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or sinus.

Huxley. Ø AnÏtrus¶tion (?), n. [F., fr. LL. antrustio.] A vassal or voluntary follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises. Ant¶ thrush· (?). (Zo”l.) (a) One of several species of tropical birds, of the Old World, of the genus Pitta, somewhat resembling the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants. (b) See Ant bird, under Ant. Ø AÏnu¶bis (?), n. [L.] (Myth.) An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox. Ø AÏnu¶ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a tail.] (Zo”l.) One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Written also anoura.] AÏnu¶rous (?), a. (Zo”l.) Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and toads, [Also written anourous.] An¶uÏry (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? urine.] (Med.) Nonsecretion or defective secretion of urine; ischury. Ø A¶nus (?), n. [L., prob. for asnus: cf. Gr. ? to sit, Skr. ¾s.] (Anat.) The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are expelled. An¶vil (?), n. [OE. anvelt, anfelt, anefelt, AS. anfilt, onfilt; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. anafalz, D. aanbeld.] 1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are hammered and shaped. 2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use. Specifically (Anat.), the incus. See Incus. To be on the ~, to be in a state of discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. Swift. An¶vil, v. t. To form or shape on an ~; to hammer out; as, anviled armor. Beau. & Fl. AnxÏi¶eÏtude (?), n. [L. anxietudo.] The state of being anxious; anxiety. [R.] AnxÏi¶eÏty (?), n.; pl. Anxieties (?). [L. anxietas, fr. anxius: cf. F. anxi‚t‚. See Anxious.]

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1. Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o??vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness. 2. Eager desire. J. D. Forbes 3. (Med.) A state of restlessness and agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium. Dunglison. Syn. - Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness; perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension; restlessness. See Care. Anx¶ious (?), a. [L. anxius, fr. angere to cause pain, choke; akin to Gr. ? to choke. See Anger.] 1. Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful suspense; Ð applied to persons; as, anxious for the issue of a battle. 2. Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying; Ð applied to things; as, anxious labor. The sweet of life, from which God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares. Milton. 3. Earnestly desirous; as, anxious to please. He sneers alike at those who are anxious to preserve and at those who are eager for reform. Macaulay. Anxious is followed by for, about, concerning, etc., before the object of solicitude. Syn. - Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless; concerned; disturbed; watchful. Anx¶iousÏly, adv. In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously. Anx¶iousÏness, n. The quality of being anxious; great solicitude; anxiety. A¶ny (?), a. & pron. [OE. ‘ni?, ‘ni, eni, ani, oni, AS. ?nig, fr. ¾n one. It is akin to OS. ?nig, OHG. einic, G. einig, D. eenig. See One.] 1. One indifferently, out of an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever it may be. µ Any is often used in denying or asserting without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at any time; I ask any one to answer my question. No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son. Matt. xi. 27. 2. Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as, are there any witnesses present? are there any other houses like it? ½Who will show us any good?¸ Ps. iv. 6. It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone; (pl.) any persons. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God,... and it shall be given him. Jas. i. 5. That if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. Acts ix. 2. At any rate, In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow. A¶ny, adv. To ~ extent; in ~ degree; at all. You are not to go loose any longer. Shak. Before you go any farther. Steele. A¶nyÏbodÏy (?), n. 1. Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person. His Majesty could not keep any secret from anybody. Macaulay. 2. A person of consideration or standing. [Colloq.] All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or anybody in the list. Lond. Sat. Rev. A¶nyÏhow· (?), adv. In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event. Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated error. J. H. Newman. Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were closely allied. E. A. Freeman. A¶nyÏone (?), n. One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody. [Commonly written as two words.] A¶nyÏthing (?), n. 1. Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it for anything. Did you ever know of anything so unlucky? A. Trollope. They do not know that anything is amiss with them. W. G. Sumner. 2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; Ð with as or like. [Colloq. or Low] I fear your girl will grow as proud as anything. Richardson. µ Any thing, written as two words, is now commonly used in contradistinction to any person or anybody. Formerly it was also separated when used in the wider sense. ½Necessity drove them to undertake any thing and venture any thing.¸ De Foe. ÷ but, not at all or in any respect. ½The battle was a rare one, and the victory anything but secure.¸ Hawthorne. Ð ÷ like, in any respect; at all; as, I can not give anything like a fair sketch of his trials. A¶nyÏthing, adv. In any measure; anywise; at all. Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not... anything at all quailed. Robynson (More's Utopia). A·nyÏthingÏa¶riÏan (?), n. One who holds to no particular creed or dogma. A¶nyÏway (?), A¶nyÏways (?), } adv. Anywise; at all. Tennyson. Southey. A¶nyÏwhere (?), adv. In any place. Udall. A¶nyÏwhith·er (?), adv. To or towards any place. [Archaic] De Foe. A¶nyÏwise (?), adv. In any wise or way; at all. ½Anywise essential.¸ Burke. AÏo¶niÏan (?), a. [From Aonia, a part of ??otia, in Greece.] Pertaining to Aonia, B?otia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there. ÷ fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses. A¶oÏrist (?), n. [Gr. ? indefinite; ? priv. + ? to define, ? boundary, limit.] (Gram.) A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate. A·oÏris¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense. AÏor¶ta (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to lift, heave.] (Anat.) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system. µ In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the ~ divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic arches) which pass in pairs round the ?sophagus and unite to form the systemic ~. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter. AÏor¶tal (?), a. Aortic; resembling the aorta. [R.] AÏor¶tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the aorta. Ø A·orÏti¶tis (?), n. [Aorta + Ïitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the aorta. Ø A¶ouÏdad (?), n. [The Moorish name.] (Zo”l.) An African sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus) having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the chamois of the Old Testament. AÏpace¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.] With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. His dewy locks did drop with brine apace. Spenser. A visible triumph of the gospel draw? on apace. I. Taylor. AÏpa¶ches (?), n. pl.; sing. Apache (?). (Ethnol.) A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. Ap·aÏgo¶ge (?), n. [Gr. ? a leading away, fr. ? to lead away; ? from + ? to lead.] (Logic) An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary. Ap·aÏgog¶ic (?), Ap·aÏgog¶icÏal (?), } a. Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary. Bp. Berkeley. AÏpaid¶ (?), a. Paid; pleased. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏpair¶ (?), v. t. & i. To impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ap·aÏla¶chiÏan , a. See Appalachian. Ap¶anÏage , n. Same as Appanage. AÏpan¶throÏpy (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? from + ? man.] An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude. Ø A¶par (?), A¶paÏra (?), n. [Native name apara.] (Zo”l.) See Mataco. Ø A·paÏre¶jo (?), n. [Sp.] A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like. Ø Ap·aÏrith¶meÏsis (?; 277), n. [Gr. ?, from ? to count off or over.] (Rhet.) Enumeration of parts or particulars. AÏpart¶ (?), adv. [F. … part; (L. ad) + part part. See Part.] 1. Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside. Others apart sat on a hill retired. Milton. The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Ps. iv. 3. 2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately; independently; as, consider the two propositions apart. 3. Aside; away. ½Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness.¸ Jas. i. 21. Let Pleasure go, put Care apart. Keble. 4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as, to take a piece of machinery apart. AÏpart¶ment (?), n. [F. appartement; cf. It. appartamento, fr. appartare to separate, set apart; all fr. L. ad + pars, partis, part. See Apart.] 1. A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions. Fielding. 2. A set or suite of rooms. De Quincey. 3. A compartment. [Obs.] Pope. AÏpart¶ness (?), n. The quality of standing apart. Ø ApÏas¶tron (?), n. [Gr. ? from + ? star.] (Astron.) That point in the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest from its primary. Ap·aÏthet¶ic (?), Ap·aÏthet¶icÏal (?) a. [See Apathy.] Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent. Ap·aÏthet¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an apathetic manner. Ap¶aÏthist (?), n. [Cf. F. apathiste.] One who is destitute of feeling. Ap·aÏthis¶ticÏal (?), a. Apathetic; une motional. [R.] Ap¶aÏthy (?), n.; pl. Apathies (?). [L. apathia, Gr. ?; ? priv. + ?, fr. ?, ?, to suffer: cf. F. apathie. See Pathos.] Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement; dispassion; Ð applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion. ½The apathy of despair.¸ Macaulay. A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature which led him... to leave events to take their own course. Prescott. According to the Stoics, apathy meant the extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason. Fleming. µ In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns. Syn. - Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness. Ap¶aÏtite (?), n. [Gr. ? deceit, fr. ? to deceive; it having been often mistaken for other minerals.] (Min.) Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in sixÐsided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent. A·pau·m‚¶ (?), n. See Appaum?. Ape (?), n. [AS. apa; akin to D. aap, OHG. affo, G. affe, Icel. api, Sw. apa, Dan. abe, W. epa.] 1. (Zo”l.) A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family Simiad‘, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates, and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called anthropoid apes or man apes. µ The ape of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms. 2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the ape); a mimic. Byron. 3. A dupe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aped ; p. pr. & vb. n. Aping.] To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or irrationally. ½How he apes his sire.¸ Addison. The people of England will not ape the fashions they have never tried. Burke. AÏpeak¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + peak. Cf. F. … pic vertically.] (Naut.) In a vertical line. The anchor in apeak, when the cable has been sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is them said to be hove apeak. [Spelt also a?eek.] Ape¶hood (?), n. The state of being an ape. AÏpel¶lous (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + L. pellis skin.] Destitute of skin. Brande & C. Ap¶enÏnine (?), a. [L. Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or ben, peak, mountain.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy. AÏpep¶sy (?), n. [NL. apepsia, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? uncooked, undigested; ? priv. + ? cooked, ? to cook, digest.] (Med.) Defective digestion, indigestion. Coxe. Ap¶er (?), n. One who apes. Ø AÏpe¶reÏa (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The wild Guinea pig of Brazil (Cavia aperea). AÏpe¶riÏent (?), a. [L. aperiens, p. pr. of aperire to uncover, open; ab + parire, parere, to bring forth, produce. Cf. Cover, Overt.] (Med.) Gently opening the bowels; laxative. Ð n. An aperient medicine or food. Arbuthnot. AÏper¶iÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. ap‚ritif, fr. L. aperire.] Serving to open; aperient. Harvey. AÏpert¶ (?), a. [OF. apert, L. apertus, p. p. of aperire. See Aperient, and cf. Pert, a.] Open; ev?dent; undisguised. [Archaic] Fotherby. AÏpert¶, adv. Openly. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏper¶tion (?), n. [L. apertio.] The act of opening; an opening; an aperture. [Archaic] Wiseman. AÏpert¶ly, adv. Openly; clearly. [Archaic] AÏpert¶ness, n. Openness; frankness. [Archaic] Ap¶erÏture (?; 135), n. [L. apertura, fr. aperire. See Aperient.] 1. The act of opening. [Obs.] 2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; as, an aperture in a wall. An aperture between the mountains. Gilpin. The back aperture of the nostrils. Owen. 3. (Opt.) The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical instrument; as, a telescope of fourÐinch aperture. µ The aperture of microscopes is often expressed in degrees, called also the angular aperture, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point viewed; as, a microscope of 1000 aperture. Ap¶erÏy (?), n.; pl. Aperies . 1. A place where apes are kept. [R.] Kingsley. 2. The practice of aping; an apish action. Coleridge.

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AÏpet¶alÏous (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + petal.] (Bot.) Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See Illust. under Anther. AÏpet¶alÏousÏness, n. The state of being apetalous. A¶pex (?), n.; pl. E. Apexes (?); L. Apices (?). [L.] 1. The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything; as, the apex of a mountain, spire, or cone; the apex, or tip, of a leaf. 2. (Mining) The end or edge of a vein nearest the surface. [U.S.] ÷ of the earth's motion (Astron.), that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in its orbit. Ø AÏph‘r¶eÏsis (?; 277), n. [L.] Same as Apheresis. Ø AÏpha¶kiÏa (?), n. [NL.; Gr. ? priv. + ? seed of a lentil.] (Med.) An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses. Dunglison. AÏpha¶kiÏal (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to aphakia; as, aphakial eyes. Ø Aph·aÏnip¶teÏra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? invisible (? priv. + ? to appear) + ? a wing.] (Zo”l.) A group of wingless insects, of which the flea in the type. See Flea. Aph·aÏnip¶terÏous (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Aphaniptera. Aph¶aÏnite (?), n. [Gr. ? invisible; ? priv. + ? to appear.] (Min.) A very compact, darkÐcolored ?ock, consisting of hornblende, or pyroxene, and feldspar, but neither of them in perceptible grains. Aph·aÏnit¶ic (?), a. (Min.) Resembling aphanite; having a very fineÐgrained structure. Ø AÏpha¶siÏa (?), Aph¶aÏsy (?), } n. [NL. aphasia, Gr. ?, fr. ? not spoken; ? priv. + ? to speak: cf. F. aphasie.] (Med.) Loss of the power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It is dependent on injury or disease of the brain. AÏpha¶sic (?), a. Pertaining to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless. AÏphel¶ion (?; 277), n.; pl. Aphelia (?). [Gr. ? + ? sun.] (Astron.) That point of a planet's or comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite point being the perihelion. AÏphe·liÏoÏtrop¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? + ? sun + ? belonging to a turning.] Turning away from the sun; Ð said of leaves, etc. Darwin. AÏphe·liÏot¶roÏpism (?), n. The habit of bending from the sunlight; Ð said of certain plants. Ø AÏphe¶miÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? voice.] (Med.) Loss of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing; Ð a disorder of cerebral origin. AÏpher¶eÏsis (?; 277), n. [L. aphaeresis, Gr. ?, fr. ? to take away; ? + ? to take.] 1. (Gram.) The dropping of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; e. g., cute for acute. 2. (Surg.) An operation by which any part is separated from the rest. [Obs.] Dunglison. Ø Aph¶eÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? a letting go; ? + ? to let go.] The loss of a short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; Ð the result of a phonetic process; as, squire for esquire. New Eng. Dict. AÏphet¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? letting go, fr. ? to let go.] Shortened by dropping a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; as, an aphetic word or form. Ð AÏphet¶icÏalÏly, adv. New Eng. Dict. Aph¶eÏtism (?), n. An aphetized form of a word. New Eng. Dict. Aph¶eÏtize (?), v. t. To shorten by aphesis. These words... have been aphetized. New Eng. Dict. A¶phid (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian. Aph¶iÏdes (?), n. pl. (Zo”l.) See Aphis. AÏphid¶iÏan (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the family Aphid‘. Ð n. One of the aphides; an aphid. Aph·iÏdiv¶oÏrous (?)(?). [Aphis + L. vorare to devour.] (Zo”l.) Devouring aphides; aphidophagous. Aph·iÏdoph¶aÏgous (?), a. [Aphis + Gr. ? to eat.] (Zo”l.) Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice, as do beetles of the family Coccinellid‘. Aph·iÏlan¶throÏpy (?), n. [Gr. ? not loving man; ? priv. + ? to love + ? man.] Want of love to mankind; Ð the opposite of philanthropy. Coxe. Ø A¶phis (?), n.; pl. Aphides (?). [NL.] (Zo”l.) A genus of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera and family Aphid‘, including numerous species known as plant lice and green flies. µ Besides the true males and females, there is a race of wingless asexual individuals which have the power of producing living young in rapid succession, and these in turn may produce others of the same kind for several generations, before sexual individuals appear. They suck the sap of plants by means of a tubular proboscis, and owing to the wonderful rapidity of their reproduction become very destructive to vegetation. Many of the Aphid‘ excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end of the body. A¶phis li¶on (?). (Zo”l.) The larva of the lacewinged flies (Chrysopa), which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to the larv‘ of the ladybugs (Coccinella). Aph·loÏgis¶Ïtic (?), a. [Gr. ? not inflammable; ? priv. + ? set on fire. See Phlogiston.] Flameless; as, an aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame. Ø AÏpho¶niÏa (?), Aph¶oÏny (?), } n. [NL. aphonia, Gr. ?, fr. ? voiceless; ? priv. + ? voice: cf. F. aphonie.] (Med.) Loss of voice or vocal utterance. AÏphon¶ic (?), Aph¶oÏnous (?), } a. Without voice; voiceless; nonvocal. Aph¶oÏrism (?), n. [F. aphorisme, fr. Gr. ? definition, a short, pithy sentence, fr. ? to mark off by boundaries, to define; ? from + ? to separate, part. See Horizon.] A comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than to practical matters. The first aphorism of Hippocrates is, ½Life is short, and the art is long.¸ Fleming. Syn. - Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw; truism; dictum. See Axiom. Aph·oÏrisÏmat¶ic (?), Aph·oÏris¶mic (?), } a. Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an aphorism. Aph·oÏris¶mer (?)(?) n. A dealer in aphorisms. [Used in derogation or contempt.] Milton. Aph¶oÏrist, n. A writer or utterer of aphorisms. Aph·oÏris¶tic (?)(?), Aph·oÏris¶ticÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?.] In the form of, or of the nature of, an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; as, an aphoristic style. The method of the book is aphoristic. De Quincey. Aph·oÏris¶ticÏalÏly, adv. In the form or manner of aphorisms; pithily. Aph¶oÏrize (?), v. i. To make aphorisms. Aph¶rite (?), n. (Min.) See under Calcite. Aph·roÏdis¶iÏac (?), Aph·roÏdiÏsi¶aÏcal (?), } a. [Gr. ? pertaining to sensual love, fr. ?. See Aphrodite.] Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery. Aph·roÏdis¶iÏac, n. That which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery. Aph·roÏdis¶iÏan (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus. ½Aphrodisian dames¸ [that is, courtesans]. C. Reade. Ø Aph·roÏdi¶te (?), n. [Gr. ?.] 1. (Classic Myth.) The Greek goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans. 2. (Zo”l.) A large marine annelid, covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike set‘; the sea mouse. 3. (Zo”l.) A beautiful butterfly (Argunnis Aphrodite) of the United States. Aph·roÏdit¶ic (?), a. Venereal. [R.] Dunglison. Ø Aph¶tha (?), n. [Sing. of Aphth‘.] (Med.) (a) One of the whitish specks called aphth‘. (b) The disease, also called thrush. Ø Aph¶th‘ (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. ? (mostly in pl. ?, Hipp.) an eruption, thrush, fr. ? to set on fire, inflame.] (Med.) Roundish pearlÐcolored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly characteristic of thrush. Aph¶thoid , a. [Aphtha + Ïoid.] Of the nature of aphth‘; resembling thrush. Aph¶thong (?; 277), n. [Gr. ? silent; ? priv. + ? voice, sound, fr. ? to sound.] A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound. Ð AphÏthon¶gal (?), a. Aph¶thous (?)(?) a. [Cf. F. aphtheux.] Pertaining to, or caused by, aphth‘; characterized by apht‘; as, aphthous ulcers; aphthous fever. Aph¶ylÏlous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? leaf.] (Bot.) Destitute of leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants, etc. A·piÏa¶ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Umbelliferous. A¶piÏan (?), a. Belonging to bees. A·piÏa¶riÏan (?), a. Of or relating to bees. A¶piÏaÏrist (?), n. One who keeps an apiary. A¶piÏaÏry (?), n. [L. apiarium, fr. apis bee.] A place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse. Ap¶icÏal (?), a. [L. apex, apicis, tip or summit.] At or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit. Gray. Ø Ap¶iÏces (?), n. pl. See Apex. AÏpi¶cian (?), a. [L. Apicianus.] Belonging to Apicius, a notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly refined or dainty and expensive in cookery. H. Rogers. AÏpic¶uÏlar , a. [NL. apiculus, dim. of L. apex, apicis.] Situated at, or near, the apex; apical.

AÏpic¶uÏlate (?), AÏpic¶uÏla·ted (?), } a. [See Apicular.] (Bot.) Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a leaf. Ap¶iÏcul·ture (?; 135), n. [L. apis bee + E. culture.] Rearing of bees for their honey and wax. AÏpiece¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + piece.] Each by itself; by the single one; to each; as the share of each; as, these melons cost a shilling apiece. ½Fined... a thousand pounds apiece.¸ Hume. AÏpie¶ces (?), adv. In pieces or to pieces. [Obs.] ½Being torn apieces.¸ Shak. AÏpik¶ed (?), a. Trimmed. [Obs.] Full fresh and new here gear apiked was. Chaucer. A¶piÏol (?), n. [L. apium parsley + Ïol.] (Med.) An oily liquid derived from parsley. A·piÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. [L. apis bee + Ïlogist (see Ïlogy).] A student of bees. [R.] Emerson. Ø A¶pis (?), n. [L., bee.] (Zo”l.) A genus of insects of the order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (Apis mellifica) and other related species. See Honeybee. Ap¶ish (?), a. Having the qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile manner. Hence: Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected; trifling. The apish gallantry of a fantastic boy. Sir W. Scott. Ap¶ishÏly, adv. In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly. Ap¶ishÏness, n. The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery. AÏpit¶pat , adv. [Pref. aÏ + pitpat.] With quick beating or palpitation; pitapat. Congreve. Ap·laÏcen¶tal , a. [Pref. aÏ + placental.] Belonging to the Aplacentata; without placenta. Ø Ap·laÏcenÏta¶ta , n. pl. [Pref. aÏ not + placenta.] (Zo”l.) Mammals which have no placenta. Ø Ap·laÏcoph¶oÏra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? a flat cake + ? to bear.] (Zo”l.) A division of Amphineura in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or set‘, but is without shelly plates. Ap·laÏnat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? disposed to wander, wandering, ? to wander.] (Opt.) Having two or more parts of different curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; Ð said of a lens. ÷ focus of a lens (Opt.), the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact that the best ~ object glasses of microscopes are constructed. AÏplan¶aÏtism (?), n. Freedom from spherical aberration. AÏplas¶tic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + plastic.] Not plastic or easily molded. Ø A·plomb¶ (?), n. [F., lit. perpendicularity; ? to + plomb lead. See Plumb.] Assurance of manner or of action; selfÐpossession. AÏplot¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ? simple + ? a cutting.] (Surg.) Simple incision. Dunglison. Ø AÏplus¶tre (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Rom. Antiq.) An ornamental appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a fan and curved like a bird's feather. Audsley. Ø AÏplys¶iÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? a dirty sponge, fr. ? unwashed; ? priv. + ? to wash.] (Zo”l.) A genus of marine mollusks of the order Tectibranchiata; the sea hare. Some of the species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which colors the water to some distance. See Illust. in Appendix. Ø ApÏneu¶moÏna (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, a lung.] (Zo”l.) An order of holothurians in which the internal respiratory organs are wanting; Ð called also Apoda or Apodes. Ø ApÏn?¶a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, breath, ? to breathe, blow.] (Med.) Partial privation or suspension of breath; suffocation. Ap¶o (?). [Gr. ?. See AbÏ.] A prefix from a Greek preposition. It usually signifies from, away from, off, or asunder, separate; as, in apocope (a cutting off), apostate, apostle (one sent away), apocarpous. AÏpoc¶aÏlypse (?), n. [L. apocalypsis, Gr. ?, fr. ? to uncover, to disclose; ? from + ? to cover, conceal: cf. F. apocalypse.] 1. The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament. 2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure. The new apocalypse of Nature. Carlyle. AÏpoc·aÏlyp¶tic (?), AÏpoc·aÏlyp¶ticÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to a revelation, or, specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of the nature of, a prophetic revelation. ÷ number, the number 666, mentioned in Rev. xiii. 18. It has been variously interpreted.

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AÏpoc·aÏlyp¶tic (?), AÏpoc·aÏlyp¶tist, n. The writer of the Apocalypse. AÏpoc·aÏlyp¶ticÏalÏly (?), adv. By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner. Ap·oÏcar¶pous , a. [Pref. apoÏ + Gr. ? fruit.] (Bot.) Either entirely of partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; Ð opposed to syncarpous. Lindley. AÏpoc¶oÏpate (?), v. t. [LL. apocopatus, p. p. of apocopare to cut off, fr. L. apocore. See Apocope.] (Gram.) To cut off or drop; as, to apocopate a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part of a word. AÏpoc¶oÏpate (?), AÏpoc¶oÏpa·ted (?), } a. Shortened by apocope; as, an apocopate form. AÏpoc·oÏpa¶tion (?), n. Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated. Ø AÏpoc¶oÏpe, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? a cutting off, fr. ? to cut off; ? from + ? to cut.] 1. The cutting off, or omission, of the last letter, syllable, or part of a word. 2. (Med.) A cutting off; abscission. Ap·oÏcris¶iÏaÏry (?), Ø Ap·oÏcris·iÏa¶riÏus (?), } n. [L. apocrisiarius, apocrisarius, fr. Gr. ? answer, fr. ? to answer; ? from + ? to separate.] (Eccl.) A delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at Constantinople. Ap·oÏcrus¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ? able to drive off, fr. ? to drive off.] (Med.) Astringent and repellent. Ð n. An apocrustic medicine. AÏpoc¶ryÏpha (?), n. pl., but often used as sing. with pl. Apocryphas (?). [L. apocryphus apocryphal, Gr. ? hidden, spurious, fr. ? to hide; ? from + ? to hide.] 1. Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority; Ð formerly used also adjectively. [Obs.] Locke. 2. Specif.: Certain writings which are received by some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but are rejected by others. µ Fourteen such writings, or books, formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews of Palestine. The Council of Trent included all but three of these in the canon of inspired books having equal authority. The German and English Reformers grouped them in their Bibles under the title Apocrypha, as not having dogmatic authority, but being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly ?mitted from the King James's Bible. AÏpoc¶ryÏphal (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the Apocrypha. 2. Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false. The passages... are, however, in part from apocryphal or fictitious works. Sir G. C. Lewis. AÏpoc¶ryÏphalÏist, n. One who believes in, or defends, the Apocrypha. [R.] AÏpoc¶ryÏphalÏly, adv. In an apocryphal manner; mythically; not indisputably. AÏpoc¶ryÏphalÏness, n. The quality or state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or genuineness. AÏpoc·yÏna¶ceous (?), Ap·oÏcyn¶eÏous (?), a. [Gr. ? dogbane; ? from + ? dog.]] (Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a family of plants, of which the dogbane (Apocynum) is the type. AÏpoc¶yÏnin (?), n. [From Apocynum, the generic name of dogbane.] (Chem.) A bitter principle obtained from the dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum). Ap¶od (?), Ap¶oÏdal (?), } a. [See Apod, n.] 1. Without feet; footless. 2. (Zo”l.) Destitute of the ventral fin, as the eels. Ap¶od (?), Ap¶ode (?), } n.; pl. Apods (?) or Apodes (?). [Gr. ?, ?, footless; ? priv. + ?, ?, foot.] (Zo”l.) One of certain animals that have no feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which were said to have no feet. µ The bird of paradise formerly had the name Paradisea apoda, being supposed to have no feet, as these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East Indies. Ø Ap¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?. See Apod, n.] (Zo”l.) (a) A group of cirripeds, destitute of footlike organs. (b) An order of Amphibia without feet. See Ophiomorpha. (c) A group of worms without appendages, as the leech. Ap¶oÏdan (?), a. (Zo”l.) Apodal. Ap¶oÏdeic¶tic (?), Ap·oÏdic¶tic (?), Ap·oÏdeic¶ticÏal (?), Ap·oÏdic¶ticÏal (?), } a. [L. apodicticus, Gr. ?, fr. ? to point out, to show by argument; ? from + ? to show.] SelfÐevident; intuitively true; evident beyond contradiction. Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton. Ap·oÏdeic¶ticÏalÏly, Ap·oÏdic¶ticÏalÏly, adv. So as to be evident beyond contradiction. Ap¶oÏdeme (?), n. [Pref. apoÏ + Gr. ? body.] (Zo”l.) One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea. Ø Ap¶oÏdes (?), n. pl. [NL., masc. pl. See Apoda.] (Zo”l.) (a) An order of fishes without ventral fins, including the eels. (b) A group of holothurians destitute of suckers. See Apneumona. Ap·oÏdic¶tic (?), a. Same as Apodeictic. Ø Ap·oÏdix¶is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ?.] Full demonstration. Ø AÏpod¶oÏsis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to give back; ? from, back again + ? to give.] (Gram.) The consequent clause or conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the result, and thus distinguished from the protasis or clause which expresses a condition. Thus, in the sentence, ½Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him,¸ the former clause is the protasis, and the latter the apodosis. µ Some grammarians extend the terms protasis and apodosis to the introductory clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not conditional. Ap¶oÏdous (?)(?), a. (Zo”l.) Apodal; apod. Ø AÏpod·yÏte¶riÏum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to strip one's self.] (Anc. Arch.) The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing room. Ap·oÏga¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? far from the earth.] Apogean. Ap·oÏgam¶ic (?), a. Relating to apogamy. AÏpog¶aÏmy (?), n. [Pref. apoÏ + Gr. ? marriage.] (Bot.) The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or o”spore. De Bary. Ap·oÏge¶al (?), a. (Astron.) Apogean. Ap·oÏge¶an (?), a. Connected with the apogee; as, apogean (neap) tides, which occur when the moon has passed her apogee. Ap¶oÏgee (?), n. [Gr. ? from the earth; ? from + ?, ?, earth: cf. F. apog‚e.] 1. (Astron.) That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth. µ Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth. 2. Fig.: The farthest or highest point; culmination. Ap·oÏge·oÏtrop¶ic (?), a. [Pref. apoÏ + Gr. ? earth + ? turning.] (Bot.) Bending away from the ground; Ð said of leaves, etc. Darwin. Ap¶oÏgeÏot¶roÏpism (?), n. The apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts. Ap¶oÏgraph (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? from + ? to write: cf. F. apographe.] A copy or transcript. Blount. Ap·oÏhy¶al (?), a. [Pref. apoÏ + the Gr. letter Y.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid bone. AÏpoise¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + poise.] Balanced. AÏpo¶lar (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + polar.] (Biol.) Having no radiating processes; Ð applied particularly to certain nerve cells. Ap·oÏlaus¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to enjoy.] Devoted to enjoyment. AÏpol·liÏna¶riÏan (?), a. [L. Apollinaris, fr. Apollo.] (Rom. Antiq.) In honor of Apollo; as, the Apollinarian games. AÏpol·liÏna¶riÏan, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ. AÏpol·liÏna¶ris wa¶ter (?). An effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn. AÏpol¶lo (?), n. [L. Apollo, Ïlinis, Gr. ?.] (Classic Myth.) A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the ½sun god¸), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; Ð called also Ph?bus. The ÷ Belvedere, a celebrated statue of ÷ in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame. Ap·olÏlo¶niÏan (?), Ap·olÏlon¶ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo. AÏpol¶lyÏon (?), n. [Gr. ? destroying, fr. ?, ?, to destroy utterly; ? from, entirely + ? to destroy.] The Destroyer; Ð a name used (Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon. AÏpol¶oÏger (?), n. A teller of apologues. [Obs.] AÏpol·oÏget¶ic (?), AÏpol·oÏget¶icÏal (?), } a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to speak in defense of; ? from + ? speech, ? to say, to speak. See Logic.] Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; as, an apologetic essay. ½To speak in a subdued and apologetic tone.¸ Macaulay. AÏpol·oÏget¶icÏalÏly, adv. By way of apology. AÏpol·oÏget¶ics (?), n. That branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets forth the evidence of their divine authority. AÏpol¶oÏgist (?), n. [Cf. F. apologiste.] One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution; especially, one who argues in defense of Christianity. AÏpol¶oÏgize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Apologizing.] [Cf. F. apologiser.] 1. To make an apology or defense. Dr. H. More. 2. To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends; Ð with for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering my letter. To apologize for his insolent language. Froude. AÏpol¶oÏgize, v. t. To defend. [Obs.] The Christians... were apologized by Plinie. Dr. G. Benson. AÏpol¶oÏgi·zer (?), n. One who makes an apology; an apologist. Ap¶oÏlogue (?), n. [L. apologous, Gr. ?; ? from + ? speech, ? to speak: cf. F. apologue.] A story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral truth; a moral fable. µ An apologue differs from a parable in this;: the parable is drawn from events which take place among mankind, and therefore requires probability in the narrative; the apologue is founded on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore is not limited by strict rules of probability. ’sop's fables are good examples of apologues. AÏpol¶oÏgy (?), n.; pl. Apologies . [L. apologia, Gr. ?; ? from + ?: cf. F. apologie. See Apologetic.] 1. Something said or written in defense or justification of what appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification; as, Tertullian's Apology for Christianity. It is not my intention to make an apology for my poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive none. Dryden. 2. An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression of regret. 3. Anything provided as a substitute; a makeshift. He goes to work devising apologies for window curtains. Dickens. Syn. - Excuse. An apology, in the original sense of the word, was a pleading off from some charge or imputation, by explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an apology, admits himself to have been, at least apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of reparation. We make an apology for some breach of propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct, etc.), or some deficiency in what might be reasonably expected. We offer an excuse when we have been guilty of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an excuse has been accepted, an apology may still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. ½An excuse is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral circumstance. An apology mostly respects the conduct of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion of others.¸ Crabb. AÏpol¶oÏgy (?), v. i. To offer an ~. [Obs.] For which he can not well apology. J. Webster. Ap·oÏmeÏcom¶eÏter , n. An instrument for measuring the height of objects. Knight. Ap·oÏmeÏcom¶eÏtry , n. [Pref. apoÏ + Gr. ? length + Ïmetry.] The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off. [Obs. or R.] Ø Ap·oÏmor¶phiÏa (?), Ap·oÏmor¶phine (?), } n. [Pref. apoÏ + morphia, morphine.] (Chem.) A crystalline alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic. Ø Ap·oÏneuÏro¶sis (?), n.; pl. Aponeuroses (?). [Gr. ?, fr. ? to pass into a tendon; ? from + ? to strain the sinews, ? sinew, tendon, nerve.] (Anat.) Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasci‘ which cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of, many muscles. They often differ from tendons only in being flat and thin. See Fascia. Ap·oÏneuÏrot¶ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis. Ap·oÏneuÏrot¶oÏmy (?), n. [Aponeurosis + Gr. ? a cutting.] Dissection of aponeuroses. Ap·oÏpemp¶tic (?), a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? to send off or away; ? from + ? to send.] Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; as, apoplectic songs or hymns. Ø AÏpoph¶aÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? denial, fr. ? to speak out, to deny.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a speaker formally declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark Antony's oration. Shak., Julius C‘sar, iii. 2.] Ap·oÏphlegÏmat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? from + ? full of phlegm. See Phlegmatic.] (Med.) Designed to facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or nostrils. Ð n. An ~ medicine. Ap·oÏphleg¶maÏtism , n. [Gr. ?, Galen.] 1. (Med.) The action of apophlegmatics. 2. An apophlegmatic. [Obs.] Bacon. Ap·oÏphlegÏmat¶iÏzant (?), n. (Med.) An apophlegmatic. [Obs.] Ap·ophÏthegm (?), n. See Apothegm. Ap·ophÏthegÏmat¶ic (?), Ap·ophÏthegÏmat¶icÏal (?), a. Same as Apothegmatic. Ø AÏpoph¶yÏge (?), n. [Gr. ? escape, in arch. the curve with which the shaft escapes into its base or capital, fr. ? to ??ee away; ? from + ? to flee: cf. F. apophyge.] (Arch.) The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the fillet; Ð called also the scape. Parker. AÏpoph¶ylÏlite (?), n. [Pref. apoÏ + Gr. ? leaf; so called from its foliated structure or easy cleavage.] (Min.) A mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium. Ø AÏpoph¶yÏsis (?), n.; pl. Ïses. [NL., fr. Gr. ? offshoot, process of a bone, fr. ? to grow from; ? from + ?, ?, to grow.] 1. (Anat.) A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone. 2. (bot.) An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses. Gray. Ap·oÏplec¶tic (?)(?) Ap·oÏplec¶ticÏal (?), } a. [L. apoplecticus, Gr. ?, fr. ?: cf. F. apoplectique. See Apoplexy.] Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or symptomatic of, apoplexy; as, an apoplectic person, medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or stroke. Ap·oÏplec¶tic, n. One liable to, or affected with, apoplexy. Ap·oÏplec¶tiÏform (?), Ap·oÏplec¶toid (?), a. [Apoplectic + Ïform, Ïoid.] Resembling apoplexy. Ap¶oÏplex (?), n. Apoplexy. [Obs.] Dryden. Ap·oÏplexed , a. Affected with apoplexy. [Obs.] Shak.

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Ap¶oÏplex·y (?), n. [OE. poplexye, LL. poplexia, apoplexia, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to cripple by a stroke; ? from + ? to strike: cf. F. apoplexie. See Plague.] (Med.) Sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain. µ The term is now usually limited to cerebral apoplexy, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the substance of any organ; as, apoplexy of the lung. Ap·oÏret¶icÏal (?), a. [Gr. ?. See Aporia.] Doubting; skeptical. [Obs.] Cudworth. Ø AÏpo¶riÏa (?), n.; pl. Aporias . [L., doubt, Gr. ?, fr. ? without passage, at a loss; ? priv. + ? passage.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to begin to end, what to say, etc. Ø Ap·oÏro¶sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See Aporia.] (Zo”l.) A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; Ð opposed to Perforata. Ap·oÏrose¶ (?), a. (Zo”l.) Without pores. AÏport¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + port.] (Naut.) On or towards the port or left side; Ð said of the helm. Ø Ap·oÏsi·oÏpe¶sis (?; 277), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, from ? to be quite silent.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the speaker breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was in his mind; as, ½I declare to you that his conduct Ð but I can not speak of that, here.¸ Ap·oÏsit¶ic , a. [Gr. ?; ? from + ? food.] (Med.) Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger. AÏpos¶taÏsy (?), n.; pl. Apostasies (?). [OE. apostasie, F. apostasie, L. apostasia, fr. Gr. ? a standing off from, a defection, fr. ? to stand off, revolt; ? from + ? to stand. See Off and Stand.] An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's apostasy from Christianity. AÏpos¶tate (?), n. [L. apostata, Gr. ?, fr. ?. See Apostasy.] 1. One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a renegade. 2. (R. C. Ch.) One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession. AÏpos¶tate, a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance; renegade. So spake the apostate angel. Milton. A wretched and apostate state. Steele. AÏpos¶tate, v. i. [L. apostatare.] To apostatize. [Obs.] We are not of them which apostate from Christ. Bp. Hall. Ap·oÏstat¶ic (?), a. [L. apostaticus, Gr. ?.] Apostatical. [R.] Ap·oÏstat¶icÏal (?), a. Apostate. An heretical and apostatical church. Bp. Hall. AÏpos¶taÏtize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apostatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Apostatizing.] [LL. apostatizare.] To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered. He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in ?emblances. Carlyle. AÏpos¶teÏmate (?), v. i. [See Aposteme.] To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus. Wiseman. AÏpos·teÏma¶tion (?), n. [LL. apostematio: cf. F. apost‚mation.] (Med.) The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration. [Written corruptly imposthumation.] Wiseman. Ap·osÏtem¶aÏtous (?), a. Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme. Ap¶osÏteme (?), n. [L. apostema, Gr. ? the separation of corrupt matter into an ulcer, fr. ? to stand off: cf. F. apostŠme. See Apostasy.] (Med.) An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter. [Written corruptly imposthume.] Ø A· posÏte·riÏo¶ri (?). [L. a (ab) + posterior latter.] 1. (Logic) Characterizing that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This is the reverse of a priori reasoning. 2. (Philos.) Applied to knowledge which is based upon or derived from facts through induction or experiment; inductive or empirical. AÏpos¶til (?), AÏpos¶tille (?), } n. [F. apostille. See Postil.] A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation. Motley. AÏpos¶tle (?), n. [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. ? messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. ? to send off or away; ? from + ? to send; akin to G. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. ap“tre, Of. apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.] 1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel. He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles. Luke vi. 13. µ The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, ½Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ.¸ 1 Cor. i. 1. In Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called apostles (Rom. xvi. 7). 2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the apostle of temperance. 3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law) A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts. Wharton. Burrill. Apostles' creed, a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century. Ð ÷ spoon (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an ~. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. B. Jonson. AÏpos¶tleÏship (?), n. The office or dignity of an apostle. AÏpos¶toÏlate (?), n. [L. apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See Apostle.] 1. The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship. Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate. Jer. Taylor. 2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic see. Ap·osÏtol¶ic (?), Ap·osÏtol¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. ?: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. Apostolical brief. See under Brief. Ð Apostolic canons, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. Ð Apostolic church, the Christian church; Ð so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. Ð Apostolic constitutions, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. Ð Apostolic fathers, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. Ð Apostolic king (or majesty), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. Ð Apostolic see, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; Ð so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. Ð Apostolical succession, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. Hook. Ap·osÏtol¶ic, n. [L. apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times professed to imitate the practice of the apostles. Ap·osÏtol¶icÏalÏly, adv. In an apostolic manner. Ap·osÏtol¶icÏalÏness, n. Apostolicity. Dr. H. More. Ap·osÏtol¶iÏcism (?), AÏpos·toÏlic¶iÏty (?), } n. The state or quality of being apostolical. AÏpos¶troÏphe (?), n. [(1) L., fr. Gr. ? a turning away, fr. ? to turn away; ? from + ? to turn. (2) F., fr. L. apostrophus ~, the turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. ?.] 1. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; as, Milton's apostrophe to Light at the beginning of the third book of ½Paradise Lost.¸ 2. (Gram.) The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have been; as, call'd for called. 3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in ne'er for never, can't for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural; as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use it originally marked the omission of the letter e. The ~ is used to mark the plural of figures and letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the close of a quotation. Ap·osÏtroph¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical. AÏpos¶troÏphize (?), v. t., [imp. & p. p. Apostrophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Apostrophizing.] 1. To address by apostrophe. 2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes. AÏpos¶troÏphize, v. i. To use the rhetorical figure called apostrophe. Ap¶osÏtume (?), n. See Aposteme. [Obs.] Ap·oÏtac¶tite (?), n. [LL. pl. apotactitae, Gr. ?, fr. ? set apart; ? from + ? to arrange, ordain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of the first believers, renounced all their possessions. AÏpot¶eÏlesm (?), n. [See Apotelesmatic.] 1. The result or issue. [Obs.] 2. (Astrol.) The calculation and explanation of a nativity. [Obs.] Bailey. Ap·oÏtel·esÏmat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? effect of the stars on human destiny, fr. ? to complete; ? from + ? to end, ? end.] 1. Relating to the casting of horoscopes. [Archaic] Whewell. 2. Relating to an issue of fulfillment. In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather comprise, an apotelesmatic sense, i. e, one of after or final accomplishment. M. Stuart. AÏpoth¶eÏcaÏry (?), n.; pl. Apothecaries . [OE. apotecarie, fr. LL. apothecarius, fr. L. apotheca storehouse, Gr. ?, fr. ? to pu? away; ? from + ? to put: cf. F. apothicaire, OF. apotecaire. See Thesis.] One who prepares and sell? drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes. µ In England an ~ is one of a privileged class of practitioners Ð a kind of subÐ physician. The surgeon ~ is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chemist. Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights by which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24 scruples, 480 grains. See Troy weight. Ø Apo·Ïthe¶ciÏum , n.; pl. Apothecia (?). [NL.] (Bot.) The ascigerous fructification of lichens, forming masses of various shapes. Ap¶oÏthegm, Ap¶ophÏthegm } (?), n. [Gr. ? thing uttered, apothegm, from ? to speak out; ? from + ? to speak.] A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark, conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or maxim. [Apothegm is now the prevalent spelling in the United States.] Ap·oÏthegÏmat¶ic (?), Ap·oÏthegÏmat¶icÏal (?), } a. Gr. ?.] Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an apotghem; sententious; pithy. Ap·oÏtheg¶maÏtist (?), n. A collector or maker of apothegms. Pope. Ap·oÏtheg¶maÏtize (?), v. i. To utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings. Ap¶oÏthem (?), n. [Gr. ? + ? that which is placed, ? to place.] 1. (Math.) The perpendicular from the center to one of the sides of a regular polygon. 2. A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a vegetable substance by exposure to the air. Ap·oÏthe¶oÏsis (?; 277), n. pl. Apotheoses (?). [L., fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? to deify; ? from + ? to deify, ? a god.] 1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him among, ½the gods;¸ deification. 2. Glorification; exaltation. ½The apotheosis of chivalry.¸ Prescott. ½The noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery.¸ F. Harrison. Ap·oÏthe¶oÏsize (?), v. t. To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to deify; to glorify. Ø AÏpoth¶eÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? a putting back or away, fr. ?. See Apothecary.] (Arch.) (a) A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc. Weale. (b) A dressing room connected with a public bath. Ø AÏpot¶oÏme (?), n. [Gr. ? a cutting off, fr. ? to cut off; ? from + ? to cut.] 1. (Math.) The difference between two quantities commensurable only in power, as between ?2 and 1, or between the diagonal and side of a square. 2. (Mus) The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major semitone. [Obs.] Ap¶oÏzem (?), n. [L. apozema, Gr. ?, fr. ? to extract by boiling; ? from + ? boil.] (Med.) A decoction or infusion. [Obs.] Wiseman. Ap·oÏzem¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction. [Obs.] J. Whitaker. ApÏpair¶ (?), v. t. & i. [OF. empeirier, F. empire. See Impair.] To impair; to grow worse. [Obs.] Ap·paÏla¶chiÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the Allegheny mountains. µ The name Appalachian was given to the mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians. Am. Cyc. ApÏpall¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appalling.] [OF. appalir to grow pale, make pale; a (L. ad) + pƒlir to grow pale, to make pale, pƒle pale. See Pale, a., and cf. Pall.] 1. To make pale; to blanch. [Obs.] The answer that ye made to me, my dear,... Hath so appalled my countenance. Wyatt. 2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an old appalled wight. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become appalled in extremity of cold. Holland. 3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay; as, the sight appalled the stoutest heart. The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this alarum. Clarendon.

Syn. - To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress. See Dismay. ApÏpall¶, v. i. 1. To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged. [Obs.] Gower. 2. To lose flavor or become stale. [Obs.] ApÏpall¶, n. Terror; dismay. [Poet.] Cowper. ApÏpall¶ing, a. Such as to appall; as, an appalling accident. Ð ApÏpall¶ingÏly, adv. ApÏpall¶ment (?), n. Depression occasioned by terror; dismay. [Obs.] Bacon. Ap¶paÏnage (?), n. [F. apanage, fr. OF. apaner to nourish, support, fr. LL. apanare to furnish with bread, to provision; L. ad + pains bread.] 1. The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the subsistence of his younger sons. 2. A dependency; a dependent territory.

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3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or accompaniment. ½Wealth... the appanage of wit.¸ Swift. ApÏpan¶aÏgist (?), n. [F. apanagiste.] A prince to whom an appanage has been granted. ApÏpal¶ailÏlyng (?), n. [See Apparel, n. & v.] Preparation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ap¶paÏratus (?), n.; pl. Apparatus, also rarely Apparatuses (?). [L., from apparare, apparatum, to prepare; ad + prepare to make ready.] 1. Things provided as means to some end. 2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism. 3. (Physiol.) A collection of organs all of which unite in a common function; as, the respiratory apparatus. ApÏpar¶el (?), n. [OE. apparel, apareil, OF. apareil, appareil, preparation, provision, furniture, OF. apareiller to match, prepare, F. appareiller; OF. a (L. ad) + pareil like, similar, fr. LL. pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Pair.] 1. External clothing; vesture; garments; dress; garb; external habiliments or array. Fresh in his new apparel, proud and young. Denham. At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear in the natural apparel of simplicity. Tatler. 2. A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on ?lbs and some other ecclesiastical vestments. 3. (Naut.) The furniture of a ship, as masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc. Syn. - Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb; costume; attire; habiliments. ApÏpar¶el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appareled, or Apparelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appareling, or Apparelling.] [OF. apareiller.] 1. To make or get (something) ready; to prepare. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out. Ships... appareled to fight. Hayward. 3. To dress or clothe; to attire. They which are gorgeously appareled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. Luke vii. 25. 4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees appareled with flowers, or a garden with verdure. Appareled in celestial light. Wordsworth. ApÏpar¶ence (?), n. [OF. aparence.] Appearance. [Obs.] Chaucer. ApÏpar¶enÏcy (?), n. 1. Appearance. [Obs.] 2. Apparentness; state of being apparent. Coleridge. 3. The position of being heir apparent. ApÏpar¶ent (?), a. [F. apparent, L. apparens, Ïentis, p. pr. of apparere. See Appear.] 1. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye; within sight or view. The moon... apparent queen. Milton. 2. Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable. It is apparent foul play. Shak. 3. Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming; as the apparent motion or diameter of the sun. To live on terms of civility, and even of apparent friendship. Macaulay. What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers called apparent magnitude. Reid. ÷ horizon, the circle which in a level plain bounds our view, and is formed by the ~ meeting of the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the rational horizon. Ð ÷ time. See Time. Ð Heir ~ (Law), one whose to an estate is indefeasible if he survives the ancestor; Ð in distinction from presumptive heir. See Presumptive. Syn. - Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain; evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious. ApÏpar¶ent, n. An heir ~. [Obs.] I'll draw it [the sword] as apparent to the crown. Shak. ApÏpar¶entÏly, adv. 1. Visibly. [Obs.] Hobbes. 2. Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently. If he should scorn me so apparently. Shak. 3. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart. ApÏpar¶entÏness, n. Plainness to the eye or the mind; visibleness; obviousness. [R.] Sherwood. Ap·paÏri¶tion (?), n. [F. apparition, L. apparitio, fr. apparere. See Appear.] 1. The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility. Milton. The sudden apparition of the Spaniards. Prescott. The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world. Sir W. Scott. 2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form. Which apparition, it seems, was you. Tatler. 3. An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom. ½The heavenly bands... a glorious apparition.¸ Milton.

I think it is the weakness of mine eyes That shapes this monstrous apparition. Shak. 4. (Astron.) The first appearance of a star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured; Ð opposed to occultation. Circle of perpetual ~. See under Circle. Ap·paÏri¶tionÏal (?), a. Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions; spectral. ½An apparitional soul.¸ Tylor. ApÏpar¶iÏtor (?), n. [L., fr. apparere. See Appear.] 1. Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. Before any of his apparitors could execute the sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner apparitor to the other world. De Quincey. 2. (Law) A messenger or officer who serves the process of an ecclesiastical court. Bouvier. Ø Ap·pau·m‚¶ (?), n. [F. appaum‚; ? (l. ad) + paume the palm, fr. L. palma.] (Her.) A hand open and extended so as to show the palm. ApÏpay¶ (?), v. t. [OF. appayer, apaier, LL. appacare, appagare, fr. L. ad + pacare to pacify, pax, pacis, peace. See Pay, Appease.] To pay; to satisfy or appease. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. ApÏpeach¶ (?), v. t. [OE. apechen, for empechen, OF. empeechier, F. empˆcher, to hinder. See Impeach.] To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to reproach. [Obs.] And oft of error did himself appeach. Spenser. ApÏpeach¶er , n. An accuser. [Obs.] Raleigh. ApÏpeach¶ment (?), n. Accusation. [Obs.] ApÏpeal¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appealing.] [OE. appelen, apelen, to ~, accuse, OF. appeler, fr. L. appellare to approach, address, invoke, summon, call, name; akin to appellere to drive to; ad + pellere to drive. See Pulse, and cf. Peal.] 1. (Law) (a) To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause was appealed from an inferior court. (b) To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; as, to appeal a person of felony. 2. To summon; to challenge. [Archaic] Man to man will I appeal the Norman to the lists. Sir W. Scott. 3. To invoke. [Obs.] Milton. ApÏpeal¶, v. t. 1. (Law) To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court for the purpose of re‰xamination of for decision. Tomlins. I appeal unto C‘sar. Acts xxv. 11. 2. To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; as, I appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged. Hence: To call on one for aid; to make earnest request. I appeal to the Scriptures in the original. Horsley. They appealed to the sword. Macaulay. ApÏpeal¶, n. [OE. appel, apel, OF. apel, F. appel, fr. appeler. See Appeal, v. t.] 1. (Law) (a) An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re‰xamination or review. (b) The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected. (c) The right of ~. (d) An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the offense against the public. (e) An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an approver. See Approvement. Tomlins. Bouvier. 2. A summons to answer to a charge. Dryden. 3. A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a favor; entreaty. A kind of appeal to the Deity, the author of wonders. Bacon. 4. Resort to physical means; recourse. Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal to arms. Kent. ApÏpeal¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable. 2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; as, a criminal is appealable for manslaughter. [Obs.] ApÏpeal¶ant (?), n. An appellant. [Obs.] Shak. ApÏpeal¶er (?), n. One who makes an appeal. ApÏpeal¶ing, a The appeals; imploring. Ð ApÏpeal¶ÏingÏly, adv. Ð ApÏpeal¶ingÏness, n. ApÏpear¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appearing.] [OE. apperen, aperen, OF. aparoir, F. apparoir, fr. L. appar?re to appear + par?reto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as par?re to produce. Cf. Apparent, Parent, Peer, v. i. 1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible. And God... said, Let... the dry land appear. Gen. i. 9. 2. To come before the public; as, a great writer appeared at that time. 3. To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried. We must all appear before the judgment seat. µ Cor. v. 10. One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to appear. Macaulay. 4. To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest. It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1 John iii. 2. Of their vain contest appeared no end. Milton. 5. To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look. They disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Matt. vi. 16. Syn. - To seem; look. See Seem. ApÏpear¶, n. Appearance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher. ApÏpear¶ance (?), n. [F. apparence, L. apparentia, fr. apparere. See Appear.] 1. The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me. 2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; as, an appearance in the sky. 3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien. And now am come to see... It thy appearance answer loud report. Milton. 4. Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. pl. Outward sings, or circumstances, fitted to ?nake a particular impression or to determine the judg? ?nt as to the character of a person or a thing, an act o? a state; as, appearances are against him. There was upon the tab?nacle, as it were, the appearance of fire. Num. ix. 15. For man looketh on the outward appearance. 1 Sam. xvi. 7. Judge not according to the appearance. Jo?n. vii. 24. 5. The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character; as, a person makes his appearance as an historian, an artist, or an orator. Will he now retire, After appearance, and again prolong Our expectation? Milton. 6. Probability; likelihood. [Obs.] There is that which hath no appearance. Bacon. 7. (Law) The coming into court of either of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and submits to its jurisdiction. Burrill. Bouvier. Daniell. To put in an ~, to be present; to appear in person. Ð To save appearances, to preserve a fair outward show. Syn. - Coming; arrival; presence; semblance;; pretense; air; look; manner; mien; figure; aspect. ApÏpear¶er (?), n. One who appears. Sir T. Browne. ApÏpear¶ingÏly, adv. Apparently. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. ApÏpeas¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being appeased or pacified; placable. Ð ApÏpeas¶aÏbleÏness, n. ApÏpease¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appeasing.] [OE. apesen, apaisen, OF. apaisier, apaissier, F. apaiser, fr. a (L. ad) + OF. pais peace, F. paix, fr. L. pax, pacis. See Peace.] To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); as, to appease the tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst. Syn. - To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage; compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize. ApÏpease¶ment (?), n. The act of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification. Hayward. ApÏpeas¶er (?), n. One who appeases; a pacifier. ApÏpea¶sive (?), a. Tending to appease. ApÏpel¶laÏble (?), a. Appealable. ApÏpel¶lanÏcy (?), n. Capability of appeal. ApÏpel¶lant (?), a. [L. appellans, p. pr. of appellare; cf. F. appelant. See Appeal.] Relating to an appeal; appellate. ½An appellant jurisdiction.¸ Hallam. Party ~ (Law), the party who appeals; appellant; Ð opposed to respondent, or appellee. Tomlins. ApÏpel¶lant, n. 1. (Law) (a) One who accuses another of felony or treason. [Obs.] b) One who appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher tribunal. 2. A challenger. [Obs.] Milton. 3. (Eccl. Hist.) One who appealed to a general council against the bull Unigenitus. 4. One who appeals or entreats. ApÏpel¶late (?), a. [L. appelatus, p. p. of appellare.] Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals. ½Appellate jurisdiction.¸ Blackstone. ½Appellate judges.¸ Burke.

÷ court, a court having cognizance of appeals. ApÏpel¶late, n. A person or prosecuted for a crime. [Obs.] See Appellee. Ap·pelÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. appellatio, fr. appellare: cf. F. appellation. See Appeal.] 1. The act of appealing; appeal. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. The act of calling by a name. 3. The word by which a particular person or thing is called and known; name; title; designation. They must institute some persons under the appellation of magistrates. Hume. Syn. - See Name. ApÏpel¶laÏtive (?), a. [L. appellativus, fr. appellare: cf. F. appelatif. See Appeal.] 1. Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive denomination; denominative; naming. Cudworth. 2. (gram.) Common, as opposed to proper; denominative of a class ? ApÏpel¶laÏtive, n. [L. appelativum, sc. nomen.] 1. A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus, tree is the name of all plants of a particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing; as, Rome, Washington, Lake Erie. 2. An appellation or title; a descriptive name. God chosen it for one of his appellatives to be the Defender of them. Jer. Taylor. ApÏpel¶laÏtiveÏly, adv. After the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; as, Hercules is sometimes used appellatively, that is, as a common name, to signify a strong man. ApÏpel¶laÏtiveÏness, n. The quality of being appellative. Fuller. ApÏpel¶laÏtory (?), a. [L. appellatorius, fr. appellare.] Containing an appeal. An appellatory libel ought to contain the name of the party appellant. Ayliffe. Ap·pelÏlee¶ , n. [F. appel‚, p. p. of appeler, fr. L. appellare.] (Law) (a) The defendant in a? appeal; Ð opposed to appellant. (b) The person who i? appealed against, or accused of crime; Ð opposed to appellor. Blackstone.

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Ap·pelÏlor (?), n. [OF. apeleur, fr. L. appellator, fr. appellare.] (Law) (a) The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstone. (b) One who confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices. Blount. Burrill. µ This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the appellant. Appellee is opposed both to appellant and appellor. Ap¶penÏage , n. See Appanage. ApÏpend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appended; p. pr. & vb. n. Appending.] [L. appendere or F. appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to belong, OF. apendre, F. appendre, fr. L. append?re, v. i., to hang to, append?re, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend?re, v. i., to hang, pend?re, v. t., to hang. See Pendant.] 1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was appended to the column. 2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; as, notes appended to this chapter. A further purpose appended to the primary one. I. Taylor. ApÏpend¶age , n. 1. Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house. Modesty is the appendage of sobriety. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Biol.) A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the articulates. Antenn‘ and other appendages used for feeling. Carpenter. Syn. - Addition; adjunct; concomitant. ApÏpend¶aged , a. Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage. ApÏpend¶ance , n. [F.] Something appendant. ApÏpend¶ant , a. [F. appendant, p. pr. of appendre. See Append, v. t.] 1. Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal appendant to a paper. As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we should suffer the appendant calamity. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Law) Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a considerable time; Ð said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior or more worthy; as, an advowson, common, etc., which may be appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a freehold, a seat in church to a house. Wharton. Coke. ApÏpend¶ant, n. 1. Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it. 2. (Law) A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior inheritance. ApÏpend¶ence (?), ApÏpend¶enÏcy (?), } n. State of being appendant; appendance. [Obs.] ApÏpend¶iÏcal (?), a. Of or like an appendix. ApÏpend¶iÏcate (?), v. t. To append. [Obs.] ApÏpend·iÏca¶tion (?), n. An appendage. [Obs.] ApÏpend·iÏci¶tis (?), n. (Med.) Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. ApÏpend¶iÏcle (?), n. [L. appendicula, dim. of. appendix.] A small appendage. Ap·penÏdic¶uÏlar (?), a. Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate. [R.] Ø Ap·penÏdic·uÏla¶riÏa (?), n. [NL.] (Zo”l.) A genus of small freeÐswimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and remarkable for resemblances to the larv‘ of other Tunicata. It is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See Illustration in Appendix. Ø Ap·penÏdic·uÏla¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) An order of annelids; the Polych?ta. Ap·penÏdic¶uÏlate (?), a. [See Appendicle.] Having small appendages; forming an appendage. Appendiculate leaf, a small appended leaf. Withering. ApÏpen¶dix (?), n.; pl. E. Appendixes (?), L. Appendices (?). [L. appendix, Ïdicis, fr. appendere. See Append.] 1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or concomitant. Normandy became an appendix to England. Sir M. Hale. 2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from supplement, which is intended to supply deficiencies and correct inaccuracies. Syn. - See Supplement. ApÏpen¶sion (?), n. The act of appending. [Obs.] Ap·perÏceive¶ (?), v. t. [F. apercevoir, fr. L. ad + percipere, perceptum, to perceive. See Perceive.] To perceive; to comprehend. Chaucer. Ap·perÏcep¶tion (?), n. [Pref. adÏ + perception: cf. F. apperception.] (Metaph.) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes, intensified or energetic perception. Leibnitz. Reid. This feeling has been called by philosophers the apperception or consciousness of our own existence. Sir W. Hamilton. ApÏper¶il (?), n. Peril. [Obs.] Shak. Ap·perÏtain¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appertaining.] [OE. apperteinen, apertenen, OF. apartenir, F. appartenir, fr. L. appertinere; ad + pertinere to reach to, belong. See Pertain.] To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to relate. Things appertaining to this life. Hooker. Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth. Lev. vi. 5. Ap·perÏtain¶ment , n. That which appertains to a person; an appurtenance. [Obs. or R.] Shak. ApÏper¶tiÏnance (?), ApÏper¶tiÏnence (?), } n. See Appurtenance. ApÏper¶tiÏnent (?), a. Belonging; appertaining. [Now usually written appurtenant.] ÿColeridge. ApÏper¶tiÏnent, n. That which belongs to something else; an appurtenant. [Obs.] Shak. ApÏpete¶ (?), v. t. [L. appetere: cf. F. app‚ter. See Appetite.] To seek for; to desire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ap¶peÏtence (?), n. [Cf. F. app‚tence. See Appetency.] A longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite; appetency. Ap¶peÏtenÏcy (?), n.; pl. Appetencies (?). [L. appetentia, fr. appetere to strive after, long for. See Appetite.] 1. Fixed and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager appetite. They had a strong appetency for reading. Merivale. 2. Specifically: An instinctive inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of its organism. These lacteal? ?ave mouths, and by animal selection or appetency the absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate. E. Darwin. 3. Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; Ð used of inanimate objects. Ap¶peÏtent (?), a. [L. appetens, p. pr. of appetere.] Desiring; eagerly desirous. [R.] Appetent after glory and renown. Sir G. Buck. Ap·peÏtiÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. [Cf. F. app‚tibilit‚.] The quality of being desirable. Bramhall. Ap¶peÏtiÏble (?), a. [L. appetibilis, fr. appetere: cf. F. app‚tible.] Desirable; capable or worthy of being the object of desire. Bramhall. Ap¶peÏtite (?), n. [OE. appetit, F. app‚tit, fr. L. appetitus, fr. appetere to strive after, long for; ad + petere to seek. See Petition, and cf. Appetence.] 1. The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind. The object of appetite it whatsoever sensible good may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason does lead us to seek. Hooker. 2. Desire for, or relish of, food or drink; hunger. Men must have appetite before they will eat. Buckle. 3. Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing. It God had given to eagles an appetite to swim. Jer. Taylor. To gratify the vulgar appetite for the marvelous. Macaulay. 4. Tendency; appetency. [Obs.] In all bodies there as an appetite of union. Bacon. 5. The thing desired. [Obs.] Power being the natural appetite of princes. Swift. µ In old authors, appetite is followed by to or of, but regularly it should be followed by for before the object; as, an appetite for pleasure. Syn. - Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion. Ap·peÏti¶tion (?), n. [L. appetitio: cf. F. app‚tition.] Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something. Holland. Ap¶peÏti¶tive (?), a. [Cf. F. app‚titif.] Having the quality of desiring gratification; as, appetitive power or faculty. Sir M. Hale. Ap¶peÏtize (?), v. t. To make hungry; to whet the appetite of. Sir W. Scott. Ap¶peÏti·zer (?), n. Something which creates or whets an appetite. Ap¶peÏti·zing (?), a. [Cf. F. app‚tissant.] Exciting appetite; as, appetizing food. The appearance of the wild ducks is very appetizing. Sir W. Scott. Ap¶peÏti·zing, adv. So as to excite appetite. Ap¶piÏan (?), a. [L. Appius, Appianus.] Of or pertaining to Appius. ÷ Way, the great paved highway from ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi, constructed partly by Appius Claudius, about 312 b. c. ApÏplaud¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Applauding.] [L. applaudere; ad + plaudere to clash, to clap the hands: cf. F. applaudir. Cf. Explode.] 1. To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign. I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again. Shak. 2. To praise by words; to express approbation of; to commend; to approve. By the gods, I do applaud his courage. Shak. Syn. - To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve. See Praise. ApÏplaud¶, v. i. To express approbation loudly or significantly. ApÏplaud¶er (?), n. One who applauds. ApÏplaus¶aÏble (?), a. Worthy pf applause; praiseworthy. [Obs.] ApÏplause¶ (?), n. [L. applaudere, app?ausum. See Applaud.] The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation. The brave man seeks not popular applause. Dryden. Syn. - Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation; approval. ApÏplau¶sive (?), a. [LL. applausivus.] Expressing applause; approbative. Ð ApÏplau¶siveÏly, adv. Ap¶ple (?), n. [OE. appel, eppel, AS. ‘ppel, ‘pl; akin to Fries. & D. appel, OHG, aphul, aphol, G. apfel, Icel. epli, Sw. „ple, Dan. ‘ble, Gael. ubhall, W. afal, Arm. aval, Lith. ob?lys, Russ. iabloko; of unknown origin.] 1. The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus malus) cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones. µ The European crab ~ is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung. 2. (bot.) Any tree genus Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base of the fruit; an ~ tree. 3. Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to resemble, the ~; as, apple of love, or love apple (a tomato), balsam apple, egg apple, oak apple. 4. Anything round like an apple; as, an apple of gold. Apple is used either adjectively or in combination; as, apple paper or appleÐpaper, appleÐshaped, apple blossom, apple dumpling, apple pudding. ÷ blight, an aphid which injures ~ trees. See Blight, n. Ð ÷ borer (Zo”l.), a coleopterous insect (Saperda candida or bivittata), the larva of which bores into the trunk of the ~ tree and pear tree. Ð ÷ brandy, brandy made from apples. Ð ÷ butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider. Bartlett. Ð ÷ corer, an instrument for removing the cores from apples. Ð ÷ fly (Zo”l.), any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. ÷ flies belong to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta. Ð ÷ midge (Zo”l.), a small dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which bores in apples. Ð ÷ of the eye, the pupil. Ð ÷ of discord, a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden ~, inscribed ½For the fairest,¸ which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter. Ð ÷ of love, or Love ~, the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Ð ÷ of Peru, a large coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. Ð Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of Solanum Sodom‘um, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. Ð ÷ sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] Ð ÷ snail or ÷ shell (Zo”l.), a freshÐwater, operculated, spiral shell of the genus Ampullaria. Ð ÷ tart, a tart containing ~. Ð ÷ tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple, 2. Ð ÷ wine, cider. Ð ÷ wormÿ(Zo”l.), the larva of a small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the interior of apples. See Codling moth. Ð Dead Sea ~. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. ½To seek the Dead Sea apples of politics.¸ S. B. Griffin. (b) A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See Gallnut. Ap¶ple (?), v. i. To grow like an ~; to bear apples. Holland. Ap¶pleÐfaced· (?), a. Having a round, broad face, like an apple. ½AppleÐfaced children.¸ Dickens. Ap¶pleÐjack· (?), n. Apple brandy. [U.S.] Ap¶pleÐjoin· , n. A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; Ð called also Johnapple. Shak. Ap¶ple pie· (?). A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar. AppleÐpie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnove?) as to prevent any one from getting at his length between them. Halliwell, Conybeare. Ð AppleÐpie order, perfect order or arrangement. [Colloq.] Halliwell. Ap¶pleÐsquire· (?), n. A pimp; a kept gallant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. ApÏpli¶aÏble (?), a. [See Apply.] Applicable; also, compliant. [Obs.] Howell. ApÏpli¶ance (?), n. 1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak. 2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances. Ap·pliÏcaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied. Ap¶pliÏcaÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. aplicable, fr. L. applicare. See Apply.] Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance; as, this observation is applicable to the case under consideration. Ð Ap¶pliÏcaÏbleÏness, n. Ð Ap¶pliÏcaÏbly, adv. Ap¶pliÏcanÏcy (?), n. The quality or state of being applicable. [R.] Ap¶pliÏcant (?), n. [L. applicans, p. pr. of applicare. See Apply.] One who apples for something; one who makes request; a petitioner. The applicant for a cup of water. Plumtre. The court require the applicant to appear in person. Z. Swift. Ap¶pliÏcate (?), a. [L. applicatus, p. p. of applicare. See Apply.] Applied or put to some use. Those applicate sciences which extend the power of man over the elements. I. Taylor. ÷ number (Math.), one which applied to some concrete case. Ð ÷ ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve. Ap¶pliÏcate (?), v. i. To apply. [Obs.] The act of faith is applicated to the object. Bp. Pearson. Ap·pliÏca¶tion (?), n. [L. applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F. application. See Apply.] 1. The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; as, the application of emollients to a diseased limb. 2. The thing applied. He invented a new application by which blood might be stanched. Johnson. 2. The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use. If a right course... be taken with children, there will not be much need of the application of the common rewards and punishments. Locke. 4. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the application; the application of a theory.

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5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the ½moral¸ of a fable. (b) The use of the principles of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; as, the application of algebra to geometry. 6. The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; as, a rule of general application. 7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure the health by application to study. Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress night have been greater. J. Jay. 8. The act of making request of soliciting; as, an application for an office; he made application to a court of chancery. 9. A request; a document containing a request; as, his application was placed on file. Ap¶pliÏcaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. applicatif, fr. L. applicare. See Apply.] Having of being applied or used; applying; applicatory; practical. Bramhall. Ð Ap¶pliÏcaÏtiveÏly, adv. Ap¶pliÏcaÏtoÏriÏly (?), adv. By way of application. Ap¶pliÏcaÏtoÏry, a. Having the property of applying; applicative; practical. Ð n. That which applies. ApÏpli¶edÏly (?), adv. By application. [R.] ApÏpli¶er (?), n. He who, or that which, applies. ApÏpli¶ment (?), n. Application. [Obs.] Marston Ø Ap·pli·qu‚¶ (?; 277), a. [F., fr. appliquer to put on.] Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another color or stuff) applied or transferred to a foundation; as, appliqu‚ lace; appliqu‚ work. ApÏplot¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Applotting.] [Pref. adÏ + plot.] To divide into plots or parts; to apportion. Milton. ApÏplot¶ment (?), n. Apportionment. ApÏply¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Applying.] [OF. aplier, F. appliquer, fr. L. applicare to join, fix, or attach to; ad + plicare to fold, to twist together. See Applicant, Ply.] 1. To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another); Ð with to; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the body. He said, and the sword his throat applied. Dryden. 2. To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote; as, to apply money to the payment of a debt. 3. To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or relative; as, to apply the testimony to the case; to apply an epithet to a person. Yet God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied. Milton. 4. To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with attention; to attach; to incline. Apply thine heart unto instruction. Prov. xxiii. 12. 5. To direct or address. [R.] Sacred vows... applied to grisly Pluto. Pope. 6. To betake; to address; to refer; Ð used reflexively. I applied myself to him for help. Johnson. 7. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. [Obs.] She was skillful in applying his ½humors.¸ Sir P. Sidney. 8. To visit. [Obs.] And he applied each place so fast. Chapman. Applied chemistry. See under Chemistry. Ð Applied mathematics. See under Mathematics. ApÏply¶, v. i. 1. To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; as, this argument applies well to the case. 2. To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain something; to make application. (to); to solicit; as, to apply to a friend for information. 3. To ply; to move. [R.] I heard the sound of an oar applying swiftly through the water. T. Moore. 4. To ~ or address one's self; to give application; to attend closely (to). Ø ApÏpog·giaÏtu¶ra (?), n. [It., fr. appogiarre to lean, to rest; apÏ (L. ad) + poggiare to mount, ascend, poggio hill, fr. L. podium an elevated place.] (Mus.) A passing tone preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; Ð generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the illustration above. It forms no essential part of the harmony. ApÏpoint¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appointing.] [OE. appointen, apointen, OF. apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F. appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. appunctare to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad + punctum a point. See Point.] 1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out. When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Prov. viii. 29. 2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and place of. Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. 2 Sam. xv. 15. He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness. Acts xvii. 31. Say that the emperor request a parley... and appoint the ??eeting. Shak. 2. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority. Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service. Num. iv. 19. These were cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them. Josh. xx. 9. 4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out. The English, being well appointed, did so entertain them that their ships departed terribly torn. Hayward. 5. To point at by way, or for the purpose? of censure or commendation; to arraign. [Obs.] Appoint not heavenly disposition. Milton. 6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; Ð said of an estate already conveyed. Burrill. Kent. To ~ one's self, to resolve. [Obs.] Crowley. ApÏpoint¶ (?), v. i. To ordain; to determine; to arrange. For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph?l. 2 Sam. xvii. 14. ApÏpoint¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being appointed or constituted. ApÏpointÏee¶ (?), n. [F. appoint‚, p. p. of appointer. See Appoint, v. t.] 1. A person appointed. The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the appointees. Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768). 2. (law) A person in whose favor a power of appointment is executed. Kent. Wharton. ApÏpoint¶er (?), n. One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment. Kent. ApÏpoint¶ive (?), a. Subject to appointment; as, an appointive office. [R.] ApÏpoint¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. appointement.] 1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable men. 2. The state of being appointed to som? service or office; an office to which one is appointed; station; position; an, the appointment of treasurer. 3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six. 4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as, to submit to the divine appointments. According to the appointment of the priests. Ezra vi. 9. 5. (Law) The exercise of the power of designating (under a ½power of ~¸) a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made. 6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords. The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their appointments. Prescott. I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void of appoinment, that thou liest. Beau. & Fl. 7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; Ð properly only in the plural. [Obs.] An expense proportioned to his appointments and fortune is necessary. Chesterfield. 8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an appointment. [U.S.] Syn. - Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment. ApÏpointÏor¶ (?), n. (Law) The person who selects the appointee. See Appointee, 2. ApÏpor¶ter (?), n. [Cf. F. apporter to bring in, fr. L. apportare; ad + portare to bear.] A bringer in; an importer. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. ApÏpor¶tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apportioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Apportioning.] [OF. apportionner, LL. apportionare, fr. L. ad + portio. See Portion.] To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to apportion undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments. ApÏpor¶tionÏateÏness (?), n. The quality of being apportioned or in proportion. [Obs. & R.] ApÏpor¶tionÏer (?), n. One who apportions. ApÏpor¶tionÏment (?), n. [Cf. F. apportionnement, LL. apportionamentum.] The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property. A. Hamilton. ApÏpose¶ (?), v. t. [F. apposer to set to; ? (L. ad) + poser to put, place. See Pose.] 1. To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing to another). The nymph herself did then appose, For food and beverage, to him all best meat. Chapman. 2. To place in juxtaposition or proximity. ApÏpose¶, v. t. [For oppose. See Oppose.] To put questions to; to examine; to try. [Obs.] See Pose. To appose him without any accuser, and that secretly. Tyndale. ApÏposed¶ (?), a. Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's beak. ApÏpos¶er (?), n. An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs' accounts. Ap¶poÏsite (?), a. [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put to; ad + ponere to put, place.] Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; Ð followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case. Ð Ap¶poÏsiteÏly, adv. Ð Ap¶poÏsiteÏness, n. Ap·poÏsi¶tion (?), n. [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F. apposition. See Apposite.] 1. The act of adding; application; accretion. It grows... by the apposition of new matter. Arbuthnot. 2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the condition of being so placed. 3. (Gram.) The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first. Growth by ~ (Physiol.), a mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized substance. Ap·poÏsi¶tionÏal (?), a. Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically. Ellicott. ApÏpos¶iÏtive (?), a. Of or relating to apposition; in apposition. Ð n. A noun in apposition. Ð ApÏpos¶iÏtiveÏly, adv. Appositive to the words going immediately before. Knatchbull. ApÏprais¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being appraised. ApÏprais¶al (?), n. [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizal.] A valuation by an authorized person; an appraisement. ApÏpraise¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appraised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appraising.] [Pref. adÏ + praise. See Praise, Price, Apprize, Appreciate.] 1. To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and chattels. 2. To estimate; to conjecture. Enoch... appraised his weight. Tennyson. 3. To praise; to commend. [Obs.] R. Browning. Appraised the Lycian custom. Tennyson. µ In the United States, this word is often pronounced, and sometimes written, apprize. ApÏpraise¶ment (?), n. [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizement.] The act of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of worth. ApÏprais¶er (?), n. [See Appraise, Apprizer.] One who appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods or estates. Ap·preÏca¶tion , n. [L. apprecari to pray to; ad + precari to pray, prex, precis, prayer.] Earnest prayer; devout wish. [Obs.] A solemn apprecation of good success. Bp. Hall. Ap¶preÏcaÏtoÏry (?), a. Praying or wishing good. [Obs.]½Apprecatory benedictions.¸ Bp. Hall. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. appr‚ciable.] Capable of being appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated; perceptible; as, an appreciable quantity. Ð ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏbly, adv. ApÏpre¶ciÏant (?), a. Appreciative. [R.] ApÏpre¶ciÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appreciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Appreciating.] [L. appretiatus, p. p. of appretiare to value at a price, appraise; ad + pretiare to prize, pretium price. Cf. Appraise.] 1. To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value. To appreciate the motives of their enemies. Gibbon. 2. To recognize the worth of; to esteem highly; as, I am afraid you do not appreciate my friend. 3. To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; Ð opposed to depreciate. [U.S.] Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the money. Ramsay. 4. To be sensible of; to distinguish. To test the power of b??s to appreciate color. Lubbock. Syn. - To Appreciate, Estimate, Esteem. Estimate is an act of judgment; esteem is an act of valuing or prizing, and when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral approbation. See Estimate. Appreciate lies between the two. As compared with estimate, it supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice and delicate perception. As compared with esteem, it denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus, with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an able writer says. ½Women have a truer appreciation of character than men;¸ and another remarks, ½It is difficult to appreciate the true force and distinctive sense of terms which we are every day using.¸ So, also, we speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly appreciable. With reference to the latter of these (that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say, ½It requires a pe??liar cast of character to appreciate the poetry of Wordsworth;¸ ½He who has no delicacy himself, can not appreciate it in others;¸ ½The thought of death is salutary, because it leads us to appreciate worldly things aright.¸ Appreciate is much used in cases where something is in danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of appreciating the difficulties of a subject, or the risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an ½ominous silence¸ which prevailed among the Irish peasantry, says, ½If you knew now to appreciate that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous opposition.¸ In like manner, a person who asks some favor of another is apt to say, ½I trust you will appreciate my motives in this request.¸ Here we have the key to a very frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that appreciate looks on the favorable side of things. we never speak of appreciating a man's faults, but his merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more fully in the word appreciative; as when we speak of an appreciative audience, or an appreciative review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready valuation of excellence. ApÏpre¶ciÏate, v. i. To rise in value. [See note under Rise, v. i.] J. Morse. ApÏpre¶ciÏa·tingÏly (?), adv. In an appreciating manner; with appreciation. ApÏpre·ciÏa¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. appr‚ciation.] 1. A just valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence. 2. Accurate perception; true estimation; as, an appreciation of the difficulties before us; an appreciation of colors. His foreboding showed his appreciation of Henry's character. J. R. Green. 3. A rise in value; Ð opposed to depreciation. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtive (?), a. Having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; as, an appreciative audience. Ð ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtiveÏly, adv. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtiveÏness, n. The quality of being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence. ApÏpre¶ciÏa·tor (?), n. One who appreciates. ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtoÏry (?), a. Showing appreciation; appreciative; as, appreciatory commendation. Ð ApÏpre¶ciÏaÏtoÏriÏly (?), adv.

<-- p. 74 -->

Ap·preÏhend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprehended; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprehending.] [L. apprehendere; ad + prehendere to lay hold of, seize; prae before + Ïhendere (used only in comp.); akin to Gr. ? to hold, contain, and E. get: cf. F. appr‚hender. See Prehensile, Get.] 1. To take or seize; to take hold of. [Archaic] We have two hands to apprehended it. Jer. Taylor. 2. Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to arrest; as, to apprehend a criminal. 3. To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to recognize; to consider. This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz, soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently apprehended it. Fuller. The eternal laws, such as the heroic age apprehended them. Gladstone. 4. To know or learn with certainty. [Obs.] G. You are too much distrustful of my truth. E. Then you must give me leave to apprehend The means and manner how. Beau. & Fl. 5. To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or fear; to fear. The opposition had more reason than the king to apprehend violence. Macaulay.

Syn. - To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread. Ð To Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into comparison as describing acts of the mind. Apprehend denotes the laying hold of a thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part. Comprehend denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may be apprehended, though not comprehended, by rational beings. ½We may apprehended much of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King Lear; but few will claim that they have comprehended all that is embraced in these characters.¸ Trench. Ap·preÏhend¶, v. i. 1. To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose. 2. To be apprehensive; to fear. It is worse to apprehend than to suffer. Rowe. Ap·preÏhend¶er (?), n. One who apprehends. Ap·preÏhen·siÏbi¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being apprehensible. [R.] De Quincey. Ap·preÏhen¶siÏble (?), a. [L. apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.] Capable of being apprehended or conceived. ½Apprehensible by faith.¸ Bp. Hall. Ð Ap·ÏpreÏhen¶siÏbly, adv. Ap·preÏhen¶sion (?), n. [L. apprehensio: cf. F. appr‚hension. See Apprehend.] 1. The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. Sir T. Browne. 2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; as, the felon, after his apprehension, escaped. 3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; intellection; perception. Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's naked intellection of an object. Glanvill. 4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea. µ In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our apprehension, the facts prove the issue. To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but apprehension. South. 5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; as, a man of dull apprehension. 6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil. After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small apprehension for his own life. Addison. Syn. - Apprehension, Alarm. Apprehension springs from a sense of danger when somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from danger when announced as near at hand. Apprehension is calmer and more permanent; alarm is more agitating and transient. Ap·preÏhen¶sive (?), a. [Cf. F. appr‚hensif. See Apprehend.] 1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning. It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and apprehensive... friend, is listening to our talk. Hawthorne. 2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant. [R.] A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is, by the grace of God, apprehensive of it. Jer. Taylor. 3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension. Judgment... is implied in every apprehensive act. Sir W. Hamilton. 4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil. Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance. Tillotson. Reformers... apprehensive for their lives. Gladstone. 5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [R.] Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings, Mangle my apprehensive, tenderest parts. Milton. Ap·preÏhen¶siveÏly, adv. In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger. Ap·preÏhen¶siveÏness, n. The quality or state of being apprehensive. ApÏpren¶tice (?), n. [OE. apprentice, prentice, OF. aprentis, nom. of aprentif, fr. apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv. to apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See Apprehend, Prentice.] 1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him. 2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro. 3. (Old law) A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.] Blackstone. ApÏpren¶tice , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprenticed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprenticing .] To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business. ApÏpre¶ticeÏage , n. [F. apprentissage.] Apprenticeship. [Obs.] ApÏpren¶ticeÏhood, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs.] ApÏpren¶ticeÏship, n. 1. The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal agreement. 2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twentyÐone). ApÏpressed¶, ApÏprest¶ } , a. [p. p. appress, which is not in use. See Adpress.] (Bot.) Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as against a stem, Gray. ApÏprise¶ , v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprised ; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprising.] [ F. appris, fem. apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to teach, to inform. Cf. Apprehend, Apprentice.] To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; Ð followed by of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the commander of what he had done. ApÏprise¶, n. Notice; information. [Obs.] Gower. ApÏpriz¶al , n. See Appraisal. ApÏprize¶ , v. t. [The same as Appraise, only more accommodated to the English form of the L. pretiare.] To appraise; to value; to appreciate. ApÏprize¶ment , n. Appraisement. ApÏpriz¶er , n. 1. An appraiser. 2. (Scots Law) A creditor for whom an appraisal is made. Sir W. Scott. ApÏproach¶ , v. i. [imp. & p. p. Approached ; p. pr. & vb. n. Approaching.] [OE. approchen, aprochen, OF. approcher, LL. appropriare, fr. L. ad + propiare to draw near, prope near.] 1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw ?igh; to advance nearer. Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city? 2 Sam. xi. 20. But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. Heb. x. 25. 2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman. ApÏproach¶, v. t. 1. To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance. [Archaic] Boyle. 2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached the age of manhood. He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have approached Homer. Temple. 3. (Mil.) To take approaches to. ApÏproach¶, n. [Cf. F. approche. See Approach, v. i.] 1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near. ½The approach of summer.¸ Horsley. A nearer approach to the human type. Owen. 2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near. The approach to kings and principal persons. Bacon. 3. pl. Movements to gain favor; advances. 4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access. Macaulay. 5. pl. (Fort.) The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post. 6. (Hort.) See Approaching. ApÏproach·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being approachable; approachableness. ApÏproach¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being approached; accessible; as, approachable virtue. ApÏproach¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility. ApÏproah¶er (?), n. One who approaches. ApÏproach¶ing, n. (Hort.) The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; Ð called, also, inarching and grafting by approach. ApÏproach¶less, a. Impossible to be approached. ApÏproach¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. approachement.] Approach. [Archaic] Holland. Ap¶proÏbate (?), a. [L. approbatus, p. p. of approbare to approve.] Approved. [Obs.] Elyot. Ap¶proÏbate (?), v. t. To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially. I approbate the one, I reprobate the other. Sir W. Hamilton. µ This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for license; as, a person is approbated to preach; approbated to keep a public house. Pickering (1816). Ap·proÏba¶tion (?), n. [L. approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See Approve to prove.] 1. Proof; attestation. [Obs.] Shak. 2. The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation. Many... joined in a loud hum of approbation. Macaulay. The silent approbation of one's own breast. Melmoth. Animals... love approbation or praise. Darwin. 3. Probation or novitiate. [Obs.] This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her approbation. Shak. Syn. - Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence. Ð Approbation, Approval. Approbation and approval have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger and more positive. ½We may be anxious for the approbation of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the approval of our own consciences.¸ ½He who is desirous to obtain universal approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass.¸ ½The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified approval of its plan and execution.¸ Ap¶proÏbaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. approbatif.] Approving, or implying approbation. Milner. Ap¶proÏbaÏtiveÏness, n. 1. The quality of being approbative. 2. (Phren.) Love of approbation. Ap¶proÏba·tor (?), n. [L.] One who approves. [R.] Ap¶proÏba·toÏry (?), a. Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory. Sheldon. ApÏpromt¶ (?; 215), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + promt.] To quicken; to prompt. [Obs.] To appromt our invention. Bacon. ApÏproof¶ (?), n. [See Approve, and Proof.] 1. Trial; proof. [Archaic] Shak. 2. Approval; commendation. Shak. Ap·proÏpin¶quate (?), v. i. [L. appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare; ad + prope near.] To approach. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton. Ap·proÏpinÏqua¶tion (?), n. [L. appropinquatio.] A drawing nigh; approach. [R.] Bp. Hall. Ap·proÏpin¶quiÏty (?), n. [Pref. adÏ + propinquity.] Nearness; propinquity. [R.] J. Gregory. ApÏpro¶pre (?), v. t. [OE. appropren, apropren, OF. approprier, fr. L. appropriare. See Appropriate.] To appropriate. [Obs.] Fuller. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏble (?), a. [See Appropriate.] Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. Sir T. Browne. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏment (?), n. What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.[Obs.] If you can neglect Your own appropriaments. Ford. ApÏpro¶priÏate (?), a. [L. appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad + propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Proper.] Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper. In its strict and appropriate meaning. Porteus. Appropriate acts of divine worship. Stillingfleet. It is not at all times easy to find words appropriate to express our ideas. Locke. ApÏpro¶priÏat? (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appropriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Appropriating (?).] 1. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit. 2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; Ð with to or for; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of the navy. 3. To make suitable; to suit. [Archaic] Paley. 4. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property. Blackstone. ApÏpro¶priÏate (?), n. A property; attribute. [Obs.] ApÏpro¶priÏateÏly, adv. In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly. ApÏpro¶priÏateÏness, n. The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness. Froude. ApÏpro·priÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.] 1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object. 2. Anything, especially money, thus set apart. The Commons watched carefully over the appropriation. Macaulay. 3. (Law) (a) The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. Blackstone. (b) The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter. Chitty. ApÏpro¶priÏaÏtive (?), a. Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as, an appropriative act. Ð ApÏpro¶priÏaÏtiveÏness, n. ApÏpro¶priÏa·tor (?), n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. (Law) A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator. Blackstone. ApÏprov¶aÏble (?), a. Worthy o? be?? approved; meritorious. Ð ApÏprov¶aÏbleÏness, n. ApÏprov¶al (?), n. Approbation; sanction. A censor... without whose approval n? capital sentences are to be executed. Temple. Syn. - See Approbation. ApÏprov¶ance (?), n. Approval. [Archaic] A parents... deign approvance. Thomson. ApÏprove¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Approving.] [OE. aproven, appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F. approuver, to ~, fr. L. approbare; ad + probare to esteem as good, ~, prove. See Prove, and cf. Approbate.] 1. To show to be real or true; to prove. [Obs.] Wouldst thou approve thy constancy? Approve First thy obedience. Milton. 2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically. Opportunities to approve... worth. Emerson. He had approved himself a great warrior. Macaulay. 'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true. Byron. His account... approves him a man of thought. Parkman. 3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve the decision of a courtÐmartial. 4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured of the administration. 5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance. The first care and concern must be to approve himself to God. Rog???. µ This word, when it signifies to be pleased with, to think favorably (of), is often followed by of. They had not approved of the deposition of James. Macaulay. They approved of the political institutions. W. Black. <-- p. 75 -->

ApÏprove¶ (?), v. t. [OF. aprouer; ? (L. ad) + a form apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L. prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.] (Eng. Law) To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor. ApÏprov¶edÏly (?), adv. So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner. ApÏprove¶ment (?), n. [Obs.] 1. Approbation. I did nothing without your approvement. Hayward. 2. (Eng. Law) a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's (or queen's) evidence in England, and state's evidence in the United States. Burrill. Bouvier. ApÏprove¶ment, n. (Old Eng. Law) Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor. Blackstone. ApÏprov¶er (?), n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial. 2. An informer; an accuser. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3.(Eng. Law) One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st Approvement, 2. ApÏprov¶er, n. [See 2d Approve, v. t.] (Eng. Law) A bailiff or steward; an agent. [Obs.] Jacobs. ApÏprov¶ing, a. Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile. Ð ApÏprov¶ingÏly, adv. ApÏprox¶iÏmate (?), a. [L. approximatus, p. p. of approximare to approach; ad + proximare to come near. See Proximate.] 1. Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling. 2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values. ÷ quantities (Math.), those which are nearly, but not, equal. ApÏprox¶iÏmate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approximated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Approximating.] 1. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach. To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature. Burke. 2. To come near to; to approach. The telescope approximates perfection. J. Morse. ApÏprox¶iÏmate, v. i. To draw; to approach. ApÏprox¶iÏmateÏly (?), adv. With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly. ApÏprox·iÏma¶tion (?). n. [Cf. F. approximation, LL. approximatio.] 1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating. The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an approximation to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature. I. Taylor. 2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc. 3. (Math.) (a) A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an equation by approximation. (b) A value that is nearly but not exactly correct. ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. approximatif.] Approaching; approximate. Ð ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtiveÏly, adv. Ð ApÏprox¶iÏmaÏtiveÏness, n. ApÏprox¶iÏma·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, approximates. Ø Ap·pui¶ (?), n. [F., fr. L. ad + podium foothold, Gr. ?, dim. of ?, ?, foot.] A support or supporter; a stay; a prop. [Obs.] If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be stays and appuies set to it. Holland. Point d'appui (?). [F., a point of support.] (Mil.) (a) A given point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc. Ap¶pulse (?; 277), n. [L. appulsus, fr. appellere, appulsum, to drive to; ad + pellere to drive: cf. F. appulse.] 1. A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of striking against. In all consonants there is an appulse of the organs. Holder. 2. (Astron.) The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a star, or of a star to the meridian. ApÏpul¶sion (?), n. A driving or striking against; an appulse. ApÏpul¶sive (?), a. Striking against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of the planets. P. Cyc. ApÏpul¶siveÏly, adv. By appulsion. ApÏpur¶teÏnance (?), n. [OF. apurtenaunce, apartenance, F. appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L. appertinere. See Appertain.] That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. Globes... provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid. ApÏpur¶teÏnant (?), a. [F. appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See Appurtenance.] Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; inc?dent; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings. Blackstone. Common ~. (Law) See under Common, n. ApÏpur¶teÏnant, n, Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance. Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge. Ap¶riÏcate (?), v. t. & i. [ L. apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr. apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to uncover, open.] To bask in the sun. Boyle. Ap·riÏca¶tion , n. Basking in the sun. [R.] A¶priÏcot , n. [OE. apricock, abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp. albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar. albirq?q, alÐburq?q. Though the E. and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. ?, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. praecoquus, praecox, early ripe. The older E. form apricock was prob. taken direct from Pg. See Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.) A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linn‘us) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone. A¶pril (?), n. [L. Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F. Avril, fr. L. Aprilis.] 1. The fourth month of the year. 2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc. The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak. ÷ fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of ÷. Ø A· priÏo¶ri (?). [L. a (ab) + prior former.] 1. (Logic) Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of a posteriori. 2. Presumptive; presumptively; without examination. 3.(Philos.) Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible. A priori, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet have pre‰xisted in order to make experience possible. Coleridge. A·priÏo¶rism (?), n. [Cf. F. apriorisme.] An a priori principle. A·priÏor¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience; a priori reasoning. Ø AÏproc¶ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ? anus.] (Zo”l.) A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture. AÏproc¶tous (?), a.ÿ(Zo”l.) Without an anal office. A¶pron (?; 277), n. [OE. napron, OF. naperon, F. napperon, dim. of OF. nape, F. nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa, napkin, table napkin. See Map.] 1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings. 2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an ~; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot. ½The weather being too hot for the apron.¸ Hughes. (c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent. (g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer. (h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i) (Zo”l.) The infolded abdomen of a crab. A¶proned (?), a. Wearing an apron. A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned. Pope. A¶pronÏful (?), n.; pl. Apronfuls (?). The quality an apron can hold. A¶pronÏless, a. Without an apron. A¶pron man· (?). A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.] Shak. A¶pron string· (?). The string of an apron. To be tied to a wife's or mother's apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother. He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the apron strings even of the best of wives. Macaulay.

Ap¶roÏsos· (?), a. & adv. [F. ? propos; ? (L. ad) + propos purpose, L. proposium plan, purpose, fr. proponere to propose. See Propound.] 1. Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable. A tale extremely apropos. Pope. 2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; Ð a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion? though not strictly belonging to the narration. Apse (?), n. pl. Apses (?). See Apsis.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern ~ was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy. Hence: (b) The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches. 2. A reliquary, or case in which the relics of saints were kept. µ This word is also written apsis and absis. Ap¶siÏdal (?), a. 1. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; as, the apsidal termination of the chancel. Ap¶siÏdes (?), n. pl. See Apsis. Ø Ap¶sis (?), n. pl. Apsides (?). See Apse. [L. apsis, absis, Gr. ?, ?, a tying, fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault, fr. ? to fasten.] 1. (Astron.) One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the higher apsis; the other, the lower apsis; and the line joining them, the line of apsides. 2. (Math.) In a curve referred to polar co”rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum. 3. (Arch.) Same as Apse. Apt (?), a [F. apte, L. aptus, fr. obsolete apere to fasten, to join, to fit, akin to apisci to reach, attain: cf. Gr. ? to fasten, Skr. ¾pta fit, fr. ¾p to reach attain.] 1. Fit or fitted; suited; suitable; appropriate. They have always apt instruments. Burke. A river... apt to be forded by a lamb. Jer. Taylor. 2. Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable or likely; Ð used of things. My vines and peaches... were apt to have a soot or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit. Temple. This tree, if unprotected, is apt to be stripped of the leaves by a leafÐcutting ant. Lubbock. 3. Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; Ð used of persons. Apter to give than thou wit be to ask. Beau. & Fl. That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are apt to remember their grandfathers. F. Harrison. 4. Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; as, a pupil apt to learn; an apt scholar. ½An apt wit.¸ Johnson. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. Shak. I find thee apt... Now, Hamlet, hear. Shak. Syn. - Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; ???line?; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt. Apt, v. t. [L. aptare. See Aptate.] To fit; to suit; to adapt. [Obs.] ½To apt their places.¸ B. Jonson. That our speech be apted to edification. Jer. Taylor. Apt¶aÏble (?), a. [LL. aptabilis, fr. L. aptare.] Capable of being adapted. [Obs.] Sherwood. Ap¶tate (?), v. t. [L. aptatus, p. p. of aptare. See Apt.] To make fit. [Obs.] Bailey Ø Ap¶teÏra (?), n. pl. [NL. aptera, fr. Gr. ? without wings; ? priv. + ? wing, ? to fly.] (Zo”l.) Insects without wings, constituting the seventh Linn‘n order of insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders, centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in several distinct classes and orders. Ap¶terÏal (?), a. 1. (Zo”l.) Apterous. 2. (Arch.) Without lateral columns; Ð applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to peripteral. R. Cyc. Ap¶terÏan (?), n. (Zo”l.) One of the Aptera. Ø ApÏte¶riÏa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Aptera.] (Zo”l.) Naked spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See Pteryli‘. Ap¶terÏous (?), a. 1. (Zo”l.) Destitute of wings; apteral; as, apterous insects. 2. (Bot.) Destitute of winglike membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; Ð opposed to atate. Ø ApÏter¶yÏges (?), n. pl. [NL. See Apteryx.] (Zo”l.) An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx. Ø Ap¶teÏryx (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? wing. Cf. Aptera.] (Zo”l.) A genus of New Zealand birds about the size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic extinct moas of the same country Five species are known. Apt¶iÏtude (?), n. [F. aptitude, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus. See Apt, and cf. Attitude.] 1. A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn. He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the management of irregular troops. Macaulay. 2. A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation. That sociable and helpful aptitude which God implanted between man and woman. Milton. 3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness. He was a boy of remarkable aptitude. Macaulay. Apt·iÏtu¶diÏnal (?), a. Suitable; fit. [Obs.] Apt¶ly (?), adv. In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately; readily. Apt¶ness, n. 1. Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of things to their end. The aptness of his quotations. J. R. Green. <-- p. 76 -->

2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example. 3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; d?cility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others. 4. Proneness; tendency; as, the aptness of iron to rust. Ap¶tote (?), n. [L. aptotum, Gr. ? indeclinable; ? priv. + ? fallen, declined, ? to fall.] (Gram.) A noun which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun. ApÏtot¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as, aptotic languages. Ø Ap¶tyÏchus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? priv. + ?, ?, fold.] (Zo”l.) A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others, opercula. Ø A¶pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?. See Apode, n.] (Zo”l.) A genus of freshÐwater phyllopod crustaceans. See Phyllopod. Ap·yÏret¶ic (?), a. [Pref. a? not + pyretic.] (Med.) Without fever; Ð applied to days when there is an intermission of fever. Dunglison. Ø Ap·yÏrex¶iÏa (?), Ap·yÏrex·y (?), } n. [NL. apyrexia, fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to be feverish, fr. ? fire: cf. F. apyrexie.] (Med.) The absence of intermission of fever. Ap·yÏrex¶iÏal (?), a. (Med.) Relating to apyrexy. ½Apyrexial period.¸ Brande & C. Ap¶yÏrous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? fire.] Incombustible; capable of sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or properties. Ø A¶qua (?), n. [L. See Ewer.] Water; Ð a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed. ÷ ammoni‘, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua ammonia. Ð ÷ marine (?), or ÷ marina (?). Same as Aquamarine. Ð ÷ regia (?). [L., royal water] (Chem.), a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the ½royal¸ metal. Ð ÷ Tofana (?), a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons. Francis. Ð ÷ vit‘ (?) [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie, Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits. Shak. Ø A·qua for¶tis (?). [L., strong water.] (Chem.) Nitric acid. [Archaic] A·quaÏmaÏrine¶ (?), n. (Min.) A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See Beryl. A·quaÏpunc¶ture (?), n. [L. aqua water, + punctura puncture, pungere, punctum, to, prick.] (Med.) The introduction of water subcutaneously for the relief of pain. Ø Aq·uaÏrelle¶ (?), n. [F., fr. Ital acquerello, fr. acqua water, L. aqua.] A design or painting in thin transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such colors. Aq·uaÏrel¶list (?), n. A painter in thin transparent water colors. AÏqua¶riÏal (?), AÏqua¶riÏan (?), } a. Of or performance to an aquarium. AÏqua¶riÏan, n. [L. (assumed) Aquarianus, fr. aqua: cf. F. Aquarien. See Aqua.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper. AÏqua¶riÏum (?), n.; pl. E. Aquariums (?), L. Aquaria (?). [L. See Aquarius, Ewer.] An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept. Ø AÏqua¶riÏus (?), n. [L. aquarius, adj., relating to water, and n., a waterÐcarrier, fr. aqua. See Aqua.] (Astron.) (a) The WaterÐbearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; Ð so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East. (b) A constellation south of Pegasus. AÏquat¶ic (?), a. [L. aquaticus: cf. F. aquatique. See Aqua.] Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters; as, aquatic plants and fowls. AÏquat·ic, n. 1. An ~ animal plant. 2. pl. Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water. AÏquat¶icÏal (?), a. Aquatic. [R.] Aq¶uaÏtile (?), a. [L. aquatilis: cf. F. aquatile.] Inhabiting the water. [R.] Sir T. Browne. A¶quaÏtint (?), A·quaÏtin¶ta (?), } n. [It. acquatinta dyed water; acqua (L. aqua) water + tinto, fem. tinta, dyed. See Tint.] A kind of etching in which spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink; also, the engraving produced by this method. Aq¶ueÏduct (?), n. [F. aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L. aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua water + ductus a leading, ducere to lead. See Aqua, Duke.] 1. A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water. µ The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more properly called an aqueduct bridge. 2. (Anat.) A canal or passage; as, the aqueduct of Sylvius, a channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. AÏque¶iÏty (?), n. Wateriness. [Obs.] A¶queÏous (?), a. [Cf. F. aqueux, L. aquosus, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aquose.] 1. Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery. The aqueous vapor of the air. Tyndall. 2. Made from, or by means of, water. An aqueous deposit. Dana. ÷ extract, an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by steeping it in water. Ð ÷ humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See Eye.) Ð ÷ rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited from water and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic rocks, which are of igneous origin; Ð called also sedimentary rocks. A·queÏousÏness, n. Wateriness. AÏquif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. aqua water + Ïferous.] Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; as, aquiferous vessels; the aquiferous system. A¶quiÏform (?), a. [L. aqua water + Ïform.] Having the form of water. Ø Aq¶uiÏla (?), n; pl. Aquil‘ (?). [L., an eagle.] 1. (Zo”l.) A genus of eagles. 2. (Astron.) A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle. ÷ alba [L., white eagle], an alchemical name of calomel. Brande & C. Aq¶uiÏla·ted (?), a. (Her.) Adorned with eagles' heads. Aq¶uiÏline (?; 277), a. [L. aquilinus, fr. aquila eagle: cf. F. aquilin. See Eagle. ] 1. Belonging to or like an eagle. 2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; Ð applied particularly to the nose Terribly arched and aquiline his nose. Cowper. Aq¶uiÏlon (?), n. [L. aquilo, Ïlonis: cf. F. aquilon.] The north wind. [Obs.] Shak. AÏquip¶aÏrous (?), a. [L. aqua water + parere to bring forth.] (Med.) Secreting water; Ð applied to certain glands. Dunglison. Aq·uiÏta¶niÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Aquitania, now called Gascony. AÏquose¶ (?), a. [L. aquosus watery, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aqueous.] Watery; aqueous. [R.] Bailey. AÏquos¶iÏty (?), n. [LL. aquositas.] The condition of being wet or watery; wateriness. Huxley. Very little water or aquosity is found in their belly. Holland. Ar (?), conj. Ere; before. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ø A¶ra (?), n. [L.] (Astron.) The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the Scorpion. Ø A¶ra (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo”l.) A name of the great blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), native of South America. Ar¶ab (?; 277), n. [Prob. ultimately fr. Heb. arabah a desert, the name employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. Arab, Heb. arabi, arbi, arbim: cf. F. Arabe, L. Arabs, Gr. ?.] One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc. Street ÷, a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl. Tylor. The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are shivering in damp doorways. Lond. Sat. Rev. Ar·aÏbesque¶ (?), n. [F. arabesque, fr. It. arabesco, fr. Arabo Arab.] A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together. µ It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art. (See Moresque.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on GrecoÐRoman work. Ar·aÏbesque¶, a. 1. Arabian. [Obs.] 2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque frescoes. Ar·aÏbesqued¶ (?), a. Ornamented in the style of arabesques. AÏra¶biÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants. ÷ bird, the phenix. Shak. AÏra¶biÏan, n. A native of Arabia; an Arab. Ar¶aÏbic (?), a. [L. Arabicus, fr. Arabia.] Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians. ÷ numerals or figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0. Ð Gum ~. See under Gum. Ar¶aÏbic, n. The language of the Arabians. µ The Arabic is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa. AÏrab¶icÏal (?), a. Relating to Arabia; Arabic. Ð AÏrab¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ar¶aÏbin (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar, contained in gum arabic, from which it is extracted as a white, amorphous substance. 2. Mucilage, especially that made of gum arabic. Ar¶aÏbinÏose· (?), n. (Chem.) A sugar of the composition C5H10O5, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid. Ar¶aÏbism (?), n. [Cf. F. Arabisme.] An Arabic idiom peculiarly of language. Stuart. Ar·aÏbist (?), n. [Cf. F. Arabiste.] One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery. Ar¶aÏble (?), a. [F. arable, L. arabilis, fr. arare to plow, akin to Gr. ?, E. ear, to plow. See Earable.] Fit for plowing or tillage; Ð hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or tilled. Ar¶aÏble, n. ÷ land; plow land. Ar¶aÏby (?), n. The country of Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic] Ø Ar·aÏcaÏnese¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah. Ð n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Aracan. Ø A·raÏ?a¶ri (?), n. (Zo”l.) A South American bird, of the genus Pleroglossius, allied to the toucans. There are several species. AÏrace¶ (?), v. t. [OE. aracen, arasen, OF. arachier, esracier, F. arracher, fr. L. exradicare, eradicare. The prefix aÏ is perh. due to L. ab. See Eradicate.] To tear up by the roots; to draw away. [Obs.] Wyatt. AÏra¶ceous (?), a. [L. arum a genus of plants, fr. Gr. ?.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of which the genus Arum is the type. AÏrach¶nid (?), n. An arachnidan. Huxley. Ø AÏrach¶niÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? spider.] (Zo”l.) One of the classes of Arthropoda. See Illustration in Appendix. µ They have four pairs of legs, no antenn‘ nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxill‘ or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by tranche‘ or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: Araneina, or spiders; Arthrogastra, including scorpions, etc.; and Acarina, or mites and ticks. AÏrach¶niÏdan (?), n. [Gr. ? spider.] (Zo”l.) One of the Arachnida. Ar·achÏnid¶iÏal (?), a. (Zo”l.) (a) Of or pertaining to the Arachnida. (b) Pertaining to the arachnidium. Ø Ar·achÏnid¶iÏum (?), n. [NL. See Arachnida.] (Zo”l.) The glandular organ in which the material for the web of spiders is secreted. Ø Ar·achÏni¶tis (?), n. [Gr. ? + ?.] (Med.) Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane. AÏrach¶noid (?), a. [Gr. ? like a cobweb; ? spider, spider's web + ? form.] 1. Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike. 2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a thin membrane of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia mater. 3. (Bot.) Covered with, or composed of, soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb; cobwebby. AÏrach¶noid, n. 1. (Anat.) The ~ membrane. 2. (Zo”l.) One of the Arachnoidea. Ar·achÏnoid¶al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane; arachnoid. Ø Ar·achÏnoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) Same as Arachnida. AÏrach·noÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to arachnology. Ar·achÏnol¶oÏgist (?), n. One who is versed in, or studies, arachnology. Ar·achÏnol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? spider + Ïlogy.] The department of zo”logy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida. A·r‘Ïom¶eÏter (?; 277). See Areometer. AÏr‘¶oÏstyle (?), a. & n. [L. araeostylos, Gr. ?; ? at intervals + ? pillar, column.] (Arch.) See Intercolumniation. AÏr‘·oÏsys¶tyle (?), a. & n. [Gr. ? as intervals + ?. See Systyle.] (Arch.) See Intercolumniation. Ar·aÏgoÏnese (?), a. Of or pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants. Ð n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Aragon, in Spain. AÏrag¶oÏnite (?), n. [From Aragon, in Spain.] (Min.) A mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of its physical characters. Ø A·raÏgua¶to (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) A South American monkey, the ursine howler (Mycetes ursinus). See Howler, n., 2. AÏraise¶¶ (?), v. t. To raise. [Obs.] Shak. Ar¶ak (?), n. Same as Arrack. Ar·aÏm‘an, Ar·aÏme¶an } (?), a. [L. Aramaeus, Gr. ?, fr. Heb. Ar¾m, i. e. Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.] Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic. Ð n. A native of Aram. Ar·aÏma¶ic (?), a. [See Aram‘an, a.] Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aram‘an; Ð specifically applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee. Ð n. The Aramaic language. Ar·aÏma¶ism (?), n. An idiom of the Aramaic. Ø Ar·aÏne¶iÏda (?), Ø Ar·aÏneÏoid¶eÏa (?), } n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) See Araneina. Ar·aÏne¶iÏdan (?), a. (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Araneina or spiders. Ð n. One of the Araneina; a spider. Ar·aÏne¶iÏform (?)(?) a. [L. aranea spider + Ïform.] (Zo”l.) Having the form of a spider. Kirby. Ø AÏra·neÏi¶na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. aranea spider.] (Zo”l.) The order of Arachnida that includes the spiders. µ They have mandibles, modified a poison fa?gs, leglike palpi, simple eyes, abdomen without segments, and spinnerets for spinning a web. They breathe by pulmonary sacs and trache‘ in the abdomen. See Illustration in Appendix. AÏra¶neÏose· , a. [L. araneous.] Of the aspect of a spider's web; arachnoid. AÏra¶neÏous (?), a. [L. araneosus, fr. aranea spider, spider¶s web.] Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a cobweb; as, the araneous membrane of the eye. See Arachnoid. Derham.

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Ø AÏran¶go (?), n. pl. Arangoes (?). [The native name.] A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported from Bombay for use in the African slave trade. M?Culloch. Ø A·raÏpai¶ma (?), n. [Prob. native name.] (Zo”l.) A large freshÐwater food fish of South America. Ø AÏra¶ra (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) The palm (or great black) cockatoo, of Australia (Microglossus aterrimus). AÏra¶tion (?), n. [L. aratio, fr. arare to plow.] Plowing; tillage. [R.] Lands are said to be in a state of aration when they are under tillage. Brande. Ar¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. [LL. aratorius: cf. F. aratoire.] Contributing to tillage. Ø Ar·auÏca¶riÏa (?), n. [Araucania, a territory south of Chili.] (Bot.) A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are confined mostly to South America and Australia. ?he wood cells differ from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible. Ar·auÏca¶riÏan (?), a. Relating to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in geological history were mostly ÷. Dana. Ar¶baÏlest (?), Ar¶baÏlist (?), } n. [OF. arbaleste, LL. arbalista, for L. arcuballista; arcus bow + ballista a military engine. See Ballista.] (Antiq.) A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc. [Written also arbalet and arblast.] Fosbroke. Ar¶baÏlest·er (?), Ar¶baÏlist·er (?), } n. [OF. arblastere, OF. arbalestier. See Arbalest.] A crossbowman. [Obs.] Speed. Ar¶biÏter (?), n. [L. arbiter; arÏ (for ad) + the root of betere to go; hence properly, one who comes up to look on.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them. µ In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word. 2. Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. For Jove is arbiter of both to man. Cowper. Syn. - Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor. Ar¶biÏter, v. t. To act as ~ between. [Obs.] Ar¶biÏtraÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. arbitrable, fr. L. arbitrari. See Arbitrate, v. t.] Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable. [Archaic] Bp. Hall. Ar¶biÏtrage (?), n. [F., fr. arbiter to give judgment, L. arbitrari.] 1. Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination. [Archaic] 2. (Com) A traffic in bills of exchange (see Arbitration of Exchange); also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different markets. Ar¶biÏtral (?), a. [L. arbitralis.] Of or relating to an arbiter or an arbitration. [R.] ArÏbit¶raÏment (?), n. [LL. arbitramentum.] 1. Determination; decision; arbitration. The arbitrament of time. Everett. Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to personal arbitrament. Sir W. Scott. 2. The award of arbitrators. Cowell. Ar¶biÏtraÏriÏly (?), adv. In an arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely. Ar¶biÏtraÏriÏness, n. The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny. Bp. Hall. Ar·biÏtra¶riÏous (?), a. [L. arbitrarius. See Arbitrary.] Arbitrary; despotic. [Obs.] Ð Ar·biÏtra¶ÏriÏousÏly, adv. [Obs.] Ar¶biÏtraÏry (?), a. [L. arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf. F. arbitraire. See Arbiter.] 1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment. It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so. Jer. Taylor. Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most arbitrary of all things. Landor. 2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power. Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused licentiousness. Washington. 3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary prince or government. Dryden.

÷ constant, ÷ function (Math.), a quantity of function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special requirements. Ð ÷ quantity (Math.), one to which any value can be assigned at pleasure. Ar¶biÏtrate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arbitrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arbitrating (?).] [L. arbitratus, p. p. of arbitrari to be a hearer or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. arbiter. See Arbiter.] 1. To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a disputed case. 2. To decide, or determine generally. South. There shall your swords and lances arbitrate The swelling difference of your settled hate. Shak. Ar¶biÏtrate (?), v. i. 1. To decide; to determine. Shak. 2. To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to arbitrate upon several reports;; to arbitrate in disputes among heighbors; to arbitrate between parties to a suit. Ar·biÏtra¶tion (?), n. [F. arbitration, L. arbitratio, fr. arbitrari.] The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties. µ This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two or three called arbitrators; or for each party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the umpire. Their determination is called the award. Bouvier ÷ bond, a bond which obliges one to abide by the award of an ~. Ð ÷ of Exchange, the operation of converting the currency of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated rate is one determined by such ~ through the medium of one or more intervening currencies. Ar¶biÏtra·tor (?), n. [L., fr. arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.] 1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration. 2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor. Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure. Milton. Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. Addison. Syn. - Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge. Ar¶biÏtra·trix (?), n. [L., fem. of arbitrator.] A female who arbitrates or judges. Ar¶biÏtress (?), n. [From Arbiter.] A female arbiter; an arbitratrix. Milton.

Ar¶blast (?), n. A crossbow. See Arbalest. Ar¶bor (?), n. [OE. herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium.] A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P. Sidney. Ar¶bor, n. [Written also arbour.] [L., a tree, a beam.] 1. (Bot.) A tree, as distinguished from a shrub. 2. [Cf. F. arbre.] (Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe turning. Knight. ÷ Day, a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs. [U.S.] Ar¶boÏraÏry (?), a. [L. arborarius, fr. arbor tree.] Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal. Ar¶boÏra·tor (?), n. [L., fr. arbor tree.] One who plants or who prunes trees. [Obs.] Evelyn. Ø Ar¶bor DiÏa¶n‘ (?). [L., the tree of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.) A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form. ArÏbo¶reÏal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees. Cowley. 2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals. Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal. Darwin. Ar¶bored (?), a. Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees. ½An arboreal walk.¸ Pollok. ArÏbo¶reÏous (?), a. [L. arboreous, fr. arbor tree.] 1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub. Loudon. 2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as, arboreous moss. Quincy. Ar·boÏres¶cence (?), n. The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating silver. Ar·boÏres¶cent (?), a. [L. arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to become a tree, fr. arbor tree.] Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree. ½Arborescent hollyhocks.¸ Evelyn. Ar¶boÏret (?), n. [OF. arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L. arbor] A small tree or shrub. [Obs.] Spenser. Among thickÐwoven arborets, and flowers Imbordered on each bank. Milton. Ø Ar·boÏre¶tum (?), n.; pl. Arboreta (?). [L., a place grown with trees.] A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes. ArÏbor¶icÏal (?), a. Relating to trees. [Obs.] ArÏbor¶iÏcole (?), a. [L. arbor + colere to inhabit.] (Zo”l.) TreeÐinhabiting; Ð said of certain birds. Ar·borÏiÏcul¶turÏal (?), a. Pertaining to arboriculture. Loudon. Ar·borÏiÏcul¶ture (?; 135), n. [L. arbor tree + cultura. See Culture.] The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes. Ar·borÏiÏcul¶turÏist, n. One who cultivates trees. ArÏbor¶iÏform (?), a. Treelike in shape. Ar¶borÏist (?), n. [F. arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree.] One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees. Howell. Ar·borÏiÏza¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree.] The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite. Ar¶borÏized (?), a. Having a treelike appearance. ½An arborized or moss agate.¸ Wright. Ar¶borÏous (?), a. Formed by trees. [Obs.] From under shady, arborous roof. Milton. Ar¶bor vine· (?). A species of bindweed. Ø Ar¶bor vi¶t‘ (?). [L., tree of life.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The American species is the T. occidentalis. 2. (Anat.) The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section. Ar¶busÏcle (?), n. [L. arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor tree.] A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a treelike shrub. Bradley. ArÏbus¶cuÏlar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike. Da Costa. ArÏbus¶tive (?), a. [L. arbustivus, fr. arbustum place where trees are planted.] Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs. Bartram. Ar¶buÏtus (?), Ar¶bute (?), } n. [L. arbutus, akin to arbor tree.] The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree. Trailing arbutus (Bot.), a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epig‘a repens), having white or usually roseÐcolored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as mayflower; Ð called also ground laurel. Gray. Arc (?), n. [F. arc, L. arcus bow, ~. See Arch, n.] 1. (Geom.) A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an ellipse. 2. A curvature in the shape of a circular ~ or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant. 3. An arch. [Obs.] Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs. Milton. 4. The apparent ~ described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night. Electric ~, Voltaic ~. See under Voltaic. ArÏcade¶ (?), n. [F. arcade, Sp. arcada, LL. arcata, fr. L. arcus bow, arch.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b) A long, arched building or gallery. 2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue. ArÏcad¶ed (?), a. Furnished with an arcade. ArÏca¶diÏa (?), n. [L. Arcadia, Gr. ?.] 1. A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness. 2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet. Where the cow is, there is Arcadia. J. Burroughs. ArÏca¶diÏan (?), ArÏca¶dic (?), } a. [L. Arcadius, Arcadicus, fr. Arcadia: cf. F. Arcadien, Arcadique.] Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as, Arcadian simplicity or scenery. ArÏcane¶ (?), a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden; secret. [Obs.] ½The arcane part of divine wisdom.¸ Berkeley. Ø ArÏca¶num (?), n.; pl. Arcana (?). [L., fr. arcanus closed, secret, fr. arca chest, box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark.] 1. A secret; a mystery; Ð generally used in the plural. Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead. Warburton. 2. (Med.) A secret remedy; an elixir. Dunglison. Ø Arc·Ïbou·tant¶ (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) A flying buttress. Gwilt. Arch (?), n. [F. arche, fr. LL. arca, for arcus. See Arc.] 1. (Geom.) Any part of a curved line. 2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved member made up of separate wedgeÐshaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are segmental, round (i. e., semicircular), or pointed. (b) A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising a curve. µ Scientifically considered, the ~ is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust. 3. Any place covered by an ~; an archway; as, to pass into the arch of a bridge. 4. Any curvature in the form of an ~; as, the arch of the aorta. ½Colors of the showery arch.¸ Milton. Triumphal ~, a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph. Arch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Arching.] 1. To cover with an ~ or arches. 2. To form or bend into the shape of an ~. The horse arched his neck. Charlesworth. Arch, v. i. To form into an arch; to curve.

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ArchÏ („rchÏ, except in archangel and one or two other words). [L. archÏ, Gr. ???. See ArchÏ.] A prefix signifying chief, as in archbuilder, archfiend. Arch (?), a. [See ArchÏ, pref.] 1. Chief; eminent; greatest ; principal. The most arch act of piteous massacre. Shak. 2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; as, an arch look, word, lad. [He] spoke his request with so arch a leer. Tatler. Arch, n. [See ArchÏ, pref.] A chief. [Obs.] My worthy arch and patron comes toÐnight. Shak. Ïarch (?). [Gr. ? chief, commander, ? to rule. See Arch, a.] A suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler). ArÏch‘¶an (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient, fr. ? beginning.] Ancient; pertaining to the earliest period in geological history. ArÏch‘¶an, n. (Geol.) The earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower Silurian. It includes an Azoic age, previous to the appearance of life, and an Eozoic age, including the earliest forms of life. µ This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term Azoic, and to the Eozoic of Dawson. Ar·ch‘Ïog¶raÏphy (?), n. [Gr. ? ancient + Ïgraphy.] A description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlith¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient + ? pertaining to a stone.] (Arch‘ol.) Of or pertaining to the earliest Stone age; Ð applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic age. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlo¶giÏan (?), n. An arch‘ologist. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlog¶ic (?), Ar·ch‘ÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), } Relating to arch‘ology, or antiquities; as, arch‘ological researches. Ð Ar·Ïch‘ÏoÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ar·ch‘Ïol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in arch‘ology; an antiquary. Wright. Ar·ch‘Ïol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ?; ? ancient (fr. ? beginning) + ? discourse, ? to speak.] The science or study of antiquities, esp. prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written manuscripts, etc. Ø Ar·ch‘Ïop¶teÏryx (?), n. [Gr. ? ancient + ? wing.] (Paleon.) A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having a long tapering tail of many vertebr‘ with feathers along each side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian characteristics. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏstom¶aÏtous (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient + ? mouth.] (Biol.) Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely up. Ar·ch‘ÏoÏzo¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? ancient + ? animal.] (Zo”l.) Like or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life. ArÏcha¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? oldÐfashioned, fr. ? ancient.] Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent. ArÏcha¶icÏal (?), a. Archaic. [R.] Ð ArÏcha¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ar¶chaÏism (?), n. [Gr. ?, fr. ? ancient, fr. ? beginning: cf. F. archa‹sme. See Arch, a.] 1. An ancient, antiquated, or oldÐfashioned, word, expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in common use. 2. Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness. A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of archaism and remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vocabulary. De Quincey. Ar¶chaÏist, n. 1. Am antiquary. 2. One who uses archaisms. Ar·chaÏis¶tic (?), a. Like, or imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism. Ar¶chaÏize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Archaized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Archaizing.] [Gr. ?.] To make appear archaic or antique. Mahaffy. Arch·an¶gel (?), n. [L. archangelus, Gr. ?: cf. OF. archangel, F. archange. See ArchÏ, pref., and Angel.] 1. A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy. Milton. 2. (Bot.) A term applied to several different species of plants (Angelica archangelica, Lamium album, etc.). Arch·anÏgel¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. archang‚lique.] Of or pertaining to archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel. Milton.

Arch·bish¶op (?), n. [AS. arcebisceop, arcebiscop, L. archiepiscopus, fr. Gr. ?. See Bishop.] A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese. Arch·bish¶opÏric (?), n. [AS. arcebiscoprÆce. See Ïric.] The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority. Arch¶ brick· (?). A wedgeÐshaped brick used in the building of an arch. Arch·but¶ler (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + butler.] A chief butler; Ð an officer of the German empire. Arch·cham¶berÏlain (?), n. [Cf. G. erzk„mmerer. See ArchÏ, pref.] A chief chamberlain; Ð an officer of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the great chamberlain in England. Arch·chan¶celÏlor (?), n. [Cf. Ger. erzkanzler. See ArchÏ, pref.] A chief chancellor; Ð an officer in the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the court. Arch·chem¶ic (?), a. Of supreme chemical powers. [R.] ½The archchemic sun.¸ Milton.

Arch·dea¶con (?), n. [AS. arcediacon, archidiacon, L. archidiaconus, fr. Gr. ?. See ArchÏ, pref., and Deacon.] In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority. Blackstone. Arch·dea¶conÏry, n. The district, office, or residence of an archdeacon. See Benefice. Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries. Blackstone. Arch·dea¶conÏship, n. The office of an archdeacon. Arch·di¶oÏcese (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + diocese.] The diocese of an archbishop. Arch·du¶cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an archduke or archduchy. Arch·duch¶ess (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + duchess.] The consort of an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria. See Archduke. Arch·duch¶y, n. The territory of an archduke or archduchess. Ash. Arch·duke¶ (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + duke.] A prince of the imperial family of Austria. µ Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled archduke, and all such female descendants archduchesses. Arch·duke¶dom (?), n. An archduchy. Ø Ar·cheÏbiÏo¶sis (?), n. [Pref. archeÏ ? archiÏ + Gr. ?, ?, life.] To origination of living matter from nonÐliving. See Abiogenesis. Bastian. Arched (?), a. Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched door. Ar·cheÏgo¶niÏal (?), a. Relating to the archegonium. Ø Ar·cheÏgo¶niÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? the first of a race.] (Bot.) The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants. ArÏcheg¶oÏny (?), n. [See Archegonium.] (Biol.) Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis. ArÏchel¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? an element or first principle + Ïlogy.] The science of, or a treatise on, first principles. Fleming. Ø Ar·chenÏceph¶aÏla (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. ? + ? the brain.] (Zo”l.) The division that includes man alone. R. Owen. Arch·en¶eÏmy (?), n. [Pref. archÏ = enemy.] A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind. Milton. Arch·enÏter¶ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating ? the archenteron; as, archenteric invagination. Ø Arch·en¶terÏon , n. [Pref. archÏ + Gr. ? intestine.] (Biol.) The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a gastrula or other embryo. See Illust. under Invagination. Ar·cheÏol¶oÏgy (?), n., Ar·cheÏoÏlog·icÏal (?), a. Same as Arch‘ology, etc. Arch¶er (?), n. [OF. archier, F. archer, LL. arcarius, fr. L. arcus bow. See Arc, Arch, n.] A bowman, one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow. Arch¶erÏess (?), n. A female archer. Markham. Arch¶er fish· (?). (Zo”l.) A small fish (Toxotes jaculator), of the East Indies; Ð so called from ?? ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its prey. The name is also applied to Ch‘todon rostratus. Arch¶erÏship, n. The art or skill of an archer. Arch¶erÏy (?), n. [OE. archerie.] 1. The use of the bow and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows. 2. Archers, or bowmen, collectively. Let all our archery fall off In wings of shot aÐboth sides of the van. Webster (1607). Arch¶es (?), pl. of Arch, n. Court of ÷, or ÷ Court (Eng. Law), the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the Arches, because he anciently held his court in the church of St. MaryÐleÐBow (de arcubus). It is now held in Westminster. Mozley & W. Ar¶cheÏty·pal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or pattern; original. ½One archetypal mind.¸ Gudworth. µ Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed as an idea of God before the creation. Ar¶cheÏty·palÏly, adv. With reference to the archetype; originally. ½Parts archetypally distinct.½ Dana. Ar¶cheÏtype (?), n. [L. archetypum, Gr. ?, fr. ? stamped first and as model; ? ? + ? stamp, figure, pattern, ? to strike: cf. F. arch‚type. See ArchÏ, pref.] 1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or formed. The House of Commons, the archetype of all the representative assemblies which now meet. Macaulay. Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that was to come into the world. South. 2. (Coinage) The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted. 3. (Biol.) The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; as, the vertebrate archetype. Ar·cheÏtyp¶icÏal (?), a. Relating to an archetype; archetypal. Ø ArÏche¶us (?), n. [LL. arch?us, Gr. ? ancient, primeval, fr. ? beginning. See ArchiÏ, pref.] The vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians) presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the anima mundi or plastic power of the old philosophers. [Obs.] Johnson. Ar¶chiÏ (?). [L., archiÏ, Gr. ?, a prefix which is from the same root as ? to be first, to begin; ? the first place, beginning; ? chief. Cf. AS. arceÏ, erceÏ, OHG. erziÏ.] A prefix signifying chief, arch; as, architect, archiepiscopal. In Biol. and Anat. it usually means primitive, original, ancestral; as, archipterygium, the primitive fin or wing. Ø Ar·chiÏanÏnel¶iÏda (?), n. pl. [NL.; pref. archiÏ + annelida.] (Zo”l.) A group of Annelida remarkable for having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve ganglions. Ar¶chiÏa·ter (?), n. [L. archiatrus, Gr. ?; pref. ? + ? physician, ? to heal.] Chief physician; Ð a term applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes and to the first physician of some cities. P. Cyc. Ø Ar·chiÏblas¶tuÏla (?), n. [Pref. archi + blastula.] (Biol.) A hollow blastula, supposed to be the primitive form; a c?loblastula. Ar¶chiÏcal (?), a. [Gr. ? able to govern, fr. ? beginning, government. See ArchÏ, pref.] Chief; primary; primordi?.] [Obs.] Cudworth. Ar·chiÏdiÏac¶oÏnal (?), a. [L. archidiaconus, Gr. ?, equiv. to E. archdeacon.] Of or pertaining to an archdeacon. This offense is liable to be censured in an archidiaconal visitation. Johnson. Ar·chiÏeÏpis¶coÏpaÏcy (?), n. [Pref. archiÏ + episcopacy.] 1. That form of episcopacy in which the chief power is in the hands of archbishops. 2. The state or dignity of an archbishop. Ar·chiÏeÏpis¶coÏpal (?), a. [Pref. archiÏ + episcopal.] Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see. Ar·chiÏeÏpis·coÏpal¶iÏty (?), n. The station or dignity of an archbishop; archiepiscopacy. Fuller. Ar·chiÏeÏpis¶coÏpate (?), n. [Pref. archiÏ + episcopate.] The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric. Ø ArÏchi¶eÏrey (?), n. [Russ. archier‚i, fr. Gr. ?; pref. ? (E. archÏ) + µ priest.] The higher order of clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and bishops. Pinkerton. Ar¶chil (?; 277), n. [OF. orchel, orcheil, It. orcella, oricello, or OSp. orchillo. Cf. Orchil.] 1. A viole?dye obtained from several species of lichen (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape Verd Islands, etc. Tomlinson. 2. The plant from which the dye is obtained. [Written also orchal and orchil.] Ar·chiÏlo¶chiÏan (?), a. [L. Archilochius.] Of or pertaining to the satiric Greek poet Archilochus; as, Archilochian meter. Ar¶chiÏmage (?), Ø Ar·chiÏma¶gus (?), } n. [NL.; pref. archiÏ + L. magus, Gr. ?, a Magian.] 1. The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire. 2. A great magician, wizard, or enchanter. Spenser. Ar·chiÏman¶drite (?), n. [L. archimandrita, LGr. ?; pref. ? (E. archÏ) + ? an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a fold, a monastery.] (Gr. Church) (a) A chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in the Roman Catholic church. (b) A superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to superior abbot, or father provincial, in the Roman Catholic church. Ar·chiÏmeÏde¶an (?), a. [L. Archimedeus.] Of or pertaining to Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the principle of Archimedes' screw; as, Archimedean drill, propeller, etc. ÷ screw, or Archimedes' screw, an instrument, said to have been invented by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to the upper end. Francis. Ø Ar·chiÏme¶des (?), n. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw. Arch¶ing (?), n. 1. The arched part of a structure. 2. (Naut.) Hogging; Ð opposed to sagging. Ar·chiÏpeÏlag¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an archipelago. Ar·chiÏpel¶aÏgo , n.; pl. Ïgoes or Ïgos (?). [It. arcipelago, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref ? + ? sea, perh. akin to ? blow, and expressing the beating of the waves. See Plague.] 1. The Grecian Archipelago, or ’gean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands. 2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.

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Ø ArÏchip·teÏryg¶iÏum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. ? (E. archÏ) + ? wing, fin.] (Anat.) The primitive form of fin, like that of Ceratodus. Ar¶chiÏtect (?), n. [L. architectus, architecton, Gr. ? chief artificer, master builder; pref. ? (E. archiÏ) + ? workman, akin to ? art, skill, ? to produce: cf. F. architecte, It. architetto. See Technical.] 1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to superintend the artificers employed. 2. A contriver, designer, or maker. The architects of their own happiness. Milton. A French woman is a perfect architect in dress. Coldsmith. Ar·chiÏtec¶tive (?), a. Used in building; proper for building. Derham. Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶ic (?), Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶icÏal (?), } a. [L. architectonicus, Gr. ?. See Architect.] 1. Pertaining to a master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing or construction; constructive. ½Architectonic wisdom.¸ Boyle. These architectonic functions which we had hitherto thought belonged. J. C. Shairp. 2. Relating to the systemizing of knowledge. Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶ic, n. [Cf. F. architectonique.] 1. The science of architecture. 2. The act of arranging knowledge into a system. Ar·chiÏtecÏton¶ics, n. The science of architecture. Ar¶chiÏtec·tor (?), n. An architect. [Obs.] North. Ar¶chiÏtec·tress (?), n. A female architect. Ar·chiÏtec¶turÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of architecture. Ð Ar·chiÏtec¶turÏalÏly, adv. Ar¶chiÏtec·ture (?; 135), n. [L. architectura, fr. architectus: cf. F. architecture. See Architect.] 1. The art or science of building; especially, the art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of civil life; Ð often called civil architecture. 2. A method or style of building, characterized by certain peculiarities of structure, ornamentation, etc. Many other architectures besides Gothic. Ruskin. 3. Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure; workmanship. The architecture of grasses, plants, and trees. Tyndall. The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine architecture. Burnet. Military ~, the art of fortifications. Ð Naval ~, the art of building ships. Ø Ar·chiÏteu¶this (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. ? + ?, ?, a kind of squid.] (Zo”l.) A genus of gigantic cephalopods, allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about New Zealand. Ar¶chiÏtrave (?), n. [F. architrave, fr. It. architrave; pref. archiÏ + trave beam, L. trabs.] (Arch.) (a) The lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See Column. (b) The group of moldings, or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door or other opening, especially if square in form. Ar¶chiÏtraved (?), a. Furnished with an architrave. Cowper. Ar¶chiÏval (?), a. Pertaining to, or contained in, archives or records. Tooke. Ar¶chive (?), n. ; pl. Archives (?). [F. archives, pl., L. archivum, archium, fr. Gr. ? government house, ? ? archives, fr. ? the first place, government. See ArchiÏ, pref.] 1. pl. The place in which public records or historic documents are kept. Our words.... become records in God's court, and are ?aid up in his archives as witnesses. Gov. of Tongue. 2. pl. Public records or documents preserved as evidence of facts; as, the archives of a country or family. [Rarely used in sing.] Some rotten archive, rummaged out of some seldom explored press. Lamb. Syn. - Registers; records; chronicles. Ar¶chiÏvist (?), n. [F. archiviste.] A keeper of archives or records. [R.] Ar¶chiÏvolt (?), n. [F. archivolte, fr. It. archivolto; pref. archiÏ + volto vault, arch. See Vault.] (Arch.) (a) The architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square opening. (b) More commonly, the molding or other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an arch is charged. Arch¶lute (?), Arch¶iÏlute (?), } n. [Cf. F. archiluth, It. arciliuto.] (Mus.) A large theorbo, or doubleÐnecked lute, formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison. Arch¶ly (?), adv. In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly; waggishly. Archly the maiden smiled. Longfellow. Arch·mar¶shal (?), n. [G. erzmarschall. See ArchÏ, pref.] The grand marshal of the old German empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony. Arch¶ness, n. The quality of being arch; cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness. Goldsmith. Ar¶chon (?), n. [L. archon, Gr. ?, ?, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr. of ? to be first, to rule.] (Antiq.) One of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by pre‰minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates. Ð ArÏchon¶tic (?), a. Ar¶chonÏship, n. The office of an archon. Mitford. Ar¶chonÏtate (?), n. [Cf. F. archontat.] An archon's term of office. Gibbon. Ar¶chonts (?), n. pl. [Gr. ?, p. pr. See Archon.] (Zo”l.) The group including man alone. Arch·prel¶ate (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + prelate.] An archbishop or other chief prelate. Arch·pres¶byÏter (?), n. Same as Archpriest. Arch·pres¶byÏterÏy (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + presbutery.] The absolute dominion of presbytery. Milton. Arch·priest¶ (?), n. A chief priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean. Arch·pri¶mate (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + primate.] The chief primate. Milton. Arch¶ stone· (?). A wedgeÐshaped stone used in an arch; a voussoir. Arch·trai¶tor (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + traitor.] A chief or transcendent traitor. I. Watts. Arch·treas¶urÏer (?; 135), n. [Pref. archÏ + treasurer.] A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the German empire. Arch¶way (?), n. A way or passage under an arch. Arch·wife¶ (?), n. [Pref. archÏ + wife.] A big, masculine wife. [Obs.] Chaucer. Arch¶wise (?), adv. ArchÐshaped. Arch¶y (?), a. Arched; as, archy brows. Ïar¶chy (?). [Gr. ?, fr. ? chief. See ArchÏ, pref.] A suffix properly meaning a rule, ruling, as in monarchy, the rule of one only. Cf. Ïarch. Ar¶ciÏform (?), a. [L. arcus bow + Ïform.] Having the form of an arch; curved. Arc¶oÏgraph (?), n. [L. arcus (E. arc) + Ïgraph.] An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of a central point; a cyclograph. ArcÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. arctus shut in, narrow, p. p. of arcere to shut in: cf. F. arctation.] (Med.) Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in constipation from inflammation. Arc¶tic (?), a. [OE. artik, OF. artique, F. arctique, L. arcticus, fr. Gr. ?, fr. ? a bear, also a northern constellation so called; akin to L. ursus bear, Skr. ?ksha.] Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the Bear; northern; frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean; an arctic expedition, night, temperature. µ The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23o 28· from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called the polar circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid zones. See Zone. Arc¶tic, n. 1. The arctic circle. 2. A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.] Ø ArcÏtis¶ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? bear.] (Zo”l.) A group of Arachnida. See Illust. in Appendix. Arc·toÏge¶al (?), a. [Gr. ? the north + ?, ?, country.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to arctic lands; as, the arctogeal fauna. Ø ArcÏtoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? bear + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) A group of the Carnivora, that includes the bears, weasels, etc. ArcÏtu¶rus (?), n. [L. Arcturus, Gr. ? bearward, equiv. to ?; ? bear + ? ward, guard. See Arctic.] (Anat.) A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation Bo”tes. µ Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa Major. Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.: ½the Bear with her train¸]. Job xxxviii. 32. Arc¶uÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to an arc. ÷ measure of an angle (Math.), that which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to the radius of the circle. Arc¶uÏate (?), Arc¶uÏa·ted (?)(?), } a. [L. arcuatus, p. p. of arcuare to shape like a bow, fr. arcus. See Arc.] Bent or curved in the form of a bow. ½Arcuate stalks.¸ Gray. Arc¶uÏateÏly (?), adv. In the form of a bow. Arc·uÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. arcuatio.] 1. The act of bending or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent; crookedness. Coxe. 2. (Hort.) A mode of propagating trees by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth; layering. Chambers. Ar¶cuÏbaÏlist (?), n. [See Arbalist.] A crossbow. Fosbroke. Ar·cuÏbal¶istÏer (?), n. [L. arcuballistarius. Cf. Arbalister.] A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist. Camden. Ar¶cuÏbus (?), n. See Arquebus. [Obs.] Ïard, Ïart. The termination of many English words; as, coward, reynard, drunkard, mostly from the French, in which language this ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English hard. It usually has the sense of one who has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the root; as, braggart, sluggard. Ø ArÏdas¶sine (?), n. [F. (cf. Sp. ardacina), fr. ardasse a kind of silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. ardan a kind of raw silk.] A very fine sort of Persian silk. Ar¶denÏcy (?), n. 1. Heat. [R.] Sir T. Herbert. 2. Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; vehemence; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or zeal. Ar¶dent (?), a. [OE. ardaunt, F. ardant, p. pr. of arder to burn, fr. L. ardere.] 1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an ardent fever. 2.ÿHaving the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing; shining; as, ardent eyes. Dryden. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; as, ardent love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper. An ardent and impetuous race. Macaulay. Syn. - Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate. Ar¶dentÏly (?), adv. In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately; passionately. Ar¶dentÏness, n. Ardency. [R.] Ar¶dor (?), n. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.] [Spelt also ardour.] 1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. 2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor; the fought with ardor; martial ardor. 3. pl. Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.] Syn. - Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See Fervor. Ar¶duÏous (?; 135), a. [L. arduus steep, high; akin to Ir. ard high, height.] 1. Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb. Those arduous pats they trod. Pope. 2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise. Syn. - Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting. Ð Arduous, Hard, Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more general in sense than difficult; as, a hard duty to perform, hard work, a hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies more skill and sagacity than hard, as when there is disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be hard but not difficult. We call a thing arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; as, an arduous task, an arduous duty. ½It is often difficult to control our feelings; it is still harder to subdue our will; but it is an arduous undertaking to control the unruly and contending will of others.¸ Ar¶duÏousÏly, adv. In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness. Ar¶duÏousÏness, n. The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution. Ar¶duÏrous (?), a. Burning; ardent. [R.] Lo! further on, Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore. Cary. Are (?). [AS. (Northumbrian) aron, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms, Icel. erum, Goth. sijum, L. sumus, Gr. ?, Skr. smas; all from a root as. ? See Am and Is, and cf. Be.] The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to be; but etymologically a different word from be, or was. Am, art, are, and is, all come from the root as. Are (?), n. [F., fr. L. area. See Area.] (Metric system) The unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6 square yards. A¶reÏa (?; 277), n. pl. Areas (?). [L. area a broad piece of level gro???. Cf. Are, n.] 1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building. The Alban lake... looks like the area of some vast amphitheater. Addison. 2. The inclosed space on which a building stands. 3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to the basement of a building. 4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated areas. 5. (Geom.) The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; superficial extent; as, the area of a square or a triangle. 6. (Biol.) A spot or small marked space; as, the germinative area. 7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide area of thought. The largest area of human history and man's common nature. F. Harrison. Dry ~. See under Dry. AÏread¶, AÏreed¶ } (?), v. t. [OE. areden, AS. ¾r?dan to interpret. See Read.] 1. To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to divine; to guess; as, to aread a riddle or a dream. [Obs.] Therefore more plain aread this doubtful case. Spenser. 2. To read. [Obs.] Drayton. 3. To counsel, advise, warn, or direct. But mark what I aread thee now. Avaunt! Milton. 4. To decree; to adjudge. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton. A¶reÏal (?), a. [Cf. L. arealis, fr. area.] Of or pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves). AÏrear¶ (?), v. t. & i. [AS. ¾r?ran. See Rear.] To raise; to set up; to stir up. [Obs.] AÏrear¶, adv. [See Arrear, adv.] Backward; in or to the rear; behindhand. Spenser. Ø AÏre¶ca (?), n. [Canarese adiki: cf. Pg. & Sp. areca.] (Bot.) A genus of palms, one species of which produces the ~ nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime. AÏreek¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + reek.] In a reeking condition. Swift. Ar·eÏfac¶tion (?), n. [L. arefacere to dry.] The act of drying, or the state of growing dry. The arefaction of the earth. Sir M. Hale. Ar¶eÏfy (?), v. t. [L. arere to be dry + Ïfly.] To dry, or make dry. Bacon. AÏre¶na (?), n.; pl. E. Arenas (?); L. Aren‘ (?). [L. arena, harena, sand, a sandy place.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; Ð so called because it was covered with sand. 2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the arena of line. 3. (Med.) ½Sand¸ or ½gravel¸ in the kidneys. Ar·eÏna¶ceous (?), a. [L. arenaceus, fr. arena sand.] Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand; easily disintegrating into sand; friable; as, arenaceous limestone. Ar·eÏna¶riÏous (?), a. [L. arenarius, fr. arena sand.] Sandy; as, arenarious soil.

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