The War with Mexico, Volume 2 (of 2) (part 4 of 4)

The War with Mexico, Volume 2 (of 2) (part 4 of 4)

Petrita, at Vera Cruz, =2.= 23, 336; in Tabasco expedition, 199; in Home Squadron, 446.

Philadelphia, enlistments, =1.= 195.

Philadelphia North American, on tariff of 1846, =2.= 257; and the war, 268, 275; on war and extension of slavery, 492.

Philadelphia Public Ledger, on speeches in Congress, =2.= 284.

Physical aspect, general, of Mexico, =1.= 1-3, 16; of Corpus Christi, 143; between there and Rio Grande, 146; of camps near Rio Grande, 205-7; of Camargo, 211; of Cerralvo. 229; beyond Cerralvo, 236, 496; of Monterey, 257, =2.= 212; between Monterey and Saltillo, =1.= 265; between the Rio Grande and Monclova, 272; of Monclova, 273; of Parras, 275; of Tampico, 276, 280, =2.= 214; of Raton Pass, =1.= 291; of Santa Fe, 296; of Jornada del Muerto, 300; of El Paso, 300, 302; between El Paso and Chihuahua, 304; at Sacramento River, 308; of Monterey, Cal., 334; between Monterey, Mex., and Victoria, 357-9; between Matamoros and Victoria, 360; between Victoria and Tampico, 366; between Saltillo and Agua Nueva, 373; between San Luis Potosí and Encarnación, 380, 553; of Buena Vista field, 385; view on approaching Antón Lizardo, =2.= 18; of Vera Cruz, 18-9, 34-5, 221-2; along highway from Perote to puente nacional, 39; of Cerro Gordo, 42-5, 347; of national highway between Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo, 46-8; of Jalapa, 59, 223; between Jalapa and Perote, 60-1; between Perote and Puebla, 69; of Puebla, 71, 178; between Puebla and Valley of Mexico, 92-3; of the Valley, 94, 119, 138, 158; of the routes across it, 95-7; of Santa Anna's southern line, 99, 102, 374; of Contreras field, 101, 103, 375; of Churubusco, 111; of Tacubaya, 138, 400; of Molino del Rey, 140; of western and southern approaches to Mexico City, 147; of Chapultepec, 150-2, 405-6; between Vera Cruz and Orizaba, 184-5; coast storms, 194; of San Juan Bautista, 200; of Tuxpán, 202-3; of Mazatlán, 206; of Orizaba, 222; of Mexico City, 228.

Pickett, G. E., at Chapultepec, =2.= 157.

Pico, Andrés, battle of San Pascual, =1.= 341, 342, 534; succeeds Flores, 345; capitulation, 345.

Pico, Jesús, and Frémont, =1.= 345.

Pico, Pio, as governor of California, =1.= 319; character, 328; British partisan, 328, 333, 531; civil war with Castro, 329; and American occupation, 335, 337, 530.

Pierce, Franklin, on war enthusiasm, =1.= 442; reinforcements for Scott, =2.= 77, 171; brigade in Scott's army, 78, 363; brigade at Contreras, 104, 378; and at Churubusco, 115-7, 384; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408; armistice commissioner, 394; and Molino del Rey, 403; and battles before Mexico, 415; leaves Mexico, 438.

Pillow, G. J., as political general, character, =1.= 208, 361, 367, 543, 546, =2.= 185-6, 433; and Polk, =1.= 367, =2.= 128, 186, 510; joins Scott's headquarters, =1.= 367; on Ripley's book, 405; at Brazos, 476; on Taylor's confidence, 492; left at Camargo, 493; on Taylor and Vera Cruz expedition, 536; on Taylor and administration, 538; brigade at Vera Cruz, =2.= 27; before Cerro Gordo, 49; in the battle, 56-8, 352-3; censures on Scott to Polk, 74; absence, return as major general, 77, 357; division, 77; in advance from Puebla, 93, 371; at Contreras, 103-5, 376, 378, 380; at Churubusco, 110, 385; force after the battle, 120; and armistice, 134, 395; advance after armistice, 142, 400; at Chapultepec, 152, 153, 156, 409; misgivings there, 153; division in advance on Belén garita, 159; cabal against Scott, Leonidas letter, 187, 435; Scott's charges against, and arrest, 188, 437; Polk rescues, 188; and the recalling of Trist, 236; intrigue against Scott and Presidential ambition, 376; opinion of good officers, 377; ascendancy over Scott, 378; and douceur, 391; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408; leaves Mexico, 438.

Pineda, Manuel, attack on La Paz, =2.= 449.

Pino, Manuel, force to resist Kearny, =1.= 293, 294.

"Pintos," in Alvarez's force, =2.= 369.

Pinzón, Luis, at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 44, 51.

Plan del Rió, as defensive point, =2.= 40, 42; Scott's advance at, 48.

Plana mayor, Mexican, =1.= 156.

Plateau, central, of Mexico, =1.= 1-2.

Plebeian, on war and expansion, =1.= 444.

Poblana market girls, =2.= 71.

Poinsett, J. R., treatment as minister at Mexico, =1.= 58-9, 417; boundary and Texas negotiations, 59-60, 418; commercial negotiations, 61, 419; recall demanded, 62; on Mexican agriculture, 410; on Mexican cavalry, 440; on American army, 451; on Trist mission, =2.= 390.

Point Isabel, occupied by Taylor, =1.= 146, 148; as base, Taylor and line of communication, 160-1, 463; Taylor's hurried march to, 163; as camp, 205; Mexican customhouse, 452; navy at, 466, =2.= 197; troops left at, =1.= 493.

Police, in occupied territory, =2.= 213, 215, 229, 450, 452.

Politics, in choice of a commander, =1.= 197, 199-200; in Vera Cruz expedition, 356, 363, 368, 539, 544; influence on war operations, 545. See also Congress; Democratic; Government, Mexican; Opposition; Polk, J. K.; President of United States; Whig.

Polk, J. K., efforts to restore intercourse with Mexico, =1.= 88-91; Slidell mission, 94-5, 98, 100, 133, 436, 447; alleged desire for war, 127-8, 445-6, 478; diary, 128; character, 128-30, 447, =2.= 270-1, 314-5, 510; disproof of desire for war, =1.= 130-4, 150, 326, 447, 526; and Oregon, 130, 137, 200-1, 478; and Scott, 130, 354, =2.= 75, 188, 436, 511; intolerable conditions facing, =1.= 134-7; peaceful intent and advance to Rio Grande, 151-5, 456-61; war Message, 181, 470; expects quick peace, 184, 471; and slavery and the war, 188; war proclamation, 191, 474; and volunteering, 191, 193; and selection of commanding officer, 196, 198, 200, 202, 476; and Taylor, 196, 352-3, 507, 538, 544, 547; alarm over Rio Grande conditions, 198, 476; and Scott's war policy, clash, 199-200, 477; negotiations with Santa Anna, 201-3, 471, 478-9, =2.= 491, 493; and terms at Monterey, =1.= 260, 263, 505; war programme, occupation of territory, 262, 266-7, 350-1, =2.= 273, 492; and Tampico, =1.= 278; and defensive-line policy dilemma, 283, 348; and New Mexico, 286; and California, 325, 326, 332, 526, =2.= 514; selection of commander for Vera Cruz expedition, =1.= 351-4; and plans and responsibility for Scott's expedition, 356, 540, 541, =2.= 343; and insubordination of Harney, =1.= 365, 545; Pillow's influence with, 367, 547, =2.= 128, 186, 510; and Texan boundary, =1.= 449; and Doniphan's expedition, 517; and Ten Regiment Bill, =2.= 74, 76; and commanding generalcy for Benton, 75, 365; and seekers for army office, 76; desire for peace negotiations, 121; and rejection of overtures (1846), 123, 387; three million fund, 123, 387; effect of policy on Mexican obduracy, 126; problem of ignoring Slidell, 126; appointment of Trist as agent, 127; and failure of negotiations (1847), 138, 399; and cabal against Scott, 185-8, 438; on privateering, 192; and puppet government for Mexico, 235; recalls Trist, 236, 237, 464; and absorption of Mexico, 244; and the treaty, dilemma, 244-6, 471; appointment of ratification commissioners, 248-9, 473; and tariff, 257; and war loans, 259, 260, 264, 482; and tariff for Mexican ports, 261, 262; and levies on Mexicans, 264, 486; public and party attitude toward, 269, 271, 282, 291; Cabinet, 269, 282; and patronage, 270, 283; and New York politics, 270, 491; effect of Oregon policy on, 271, 281; and of river and harbor veto, 271, 281; and of attitude toward Taylor and Scott, 272; and of Texas, 272; and of unfavorable war conditions, 272; and of fiscal policy, 273, 281; Whig jibes, 275-6; inconsistency of Whig criticism, 276-80, 493; and Whig encouragement of enemy, 281; character of Congressional attacks on policy, 284-6, 289; continuation of baiting, 291, 500; hampering of policy, 292; injustice of condemnation, 293; reassertion of Monroe Doctrine, 295; on France and Texas, 295, 501; British on, 300; and British mediation, 301, 504; achievement, 314-5, 510; and Trist-Scott quarrel, 389; and douceur, 391; and armistice, 393; and mutiny at Buena Vista, 418; and Hays's regiment, 423; further call for volunteers, 431; and trial of Frémont, 454; and Yucatan, 472; Message (1847) on pushing the war, 474; and Lower California, 476; alleged war inconsistencies, 491; and policy of annexations, 502.

Polk, Fort, =1.= 205.

Polko revolt, =2.= 12-14, 330-2, 334.

Polko battalions, formation, =2.= 3, 13; at Churubusco, 111.

Poll tax, question of Mexican, =2.= 328.

Pommarès, ----, Conner's agent, =1.= 478.

Ponce de León, Antonio, Brazito affair, =1.= 301-2, 518; in battle of Sacramento, 310.

Popocatepetl, Mount, aspect, =2.= 92, 93.

Popularity of the war in the United States, general American war spirit, =1.= 124, 444; why concentrated upon Mexico, 125, 444-5; initial, =2.= 268; reaction, 269, 281, 490; restoration, 290, 499. See also Attitude; Opposition; Outbreak; Preparation.

Population of Mexico, in 1846, =1.= 3, 407; characteristics of Spanish born, 3; of Creoles, 3, 407; of Indians, 4; social and economic classes, 5-6; clergy, 6-8; army, 8-11; civil officials, 11; judges, 12-3; criminals, 13; need, 16; picture of life and character, 18-28; general state, types, 28, 445; of New Mexico, 284; of California, 315; characteristics of Californians, 315-7; popular American opinion of Mexican, 445; of Santa Fe, 517; characteristics of New Mexicans, =2.= 216; British view of American character, 294-5, 502; contrast of American and Mexican character, 310, 508; attitude of Mexican, toward the war, 312, 510. See also Character; Conquered territory; Social conditions.

Porpoise, in Home Squadron, =2.= 197, 445.

Port La Vaca, as base, =1.= 267.

Porter, Andrew, at Contreras, =2.= 104.

Porter, D. D., and Ulúa, =2.= 201; at siege of Vera Cruz, 339.

Porter, J. D., acknowledgment to, =1.= 444.

Porter, T. H., skirmish, killed, =1.= 160.

Portsmouth, at San Francisco, =1.= 333; in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189, 206, 446, 447; off Mazatlán, 446, 447; at Guaymas, 447.

Posada y Garduño, Manuel, and Santa Anna's dictatorship, =1.= 52; chief monarchist, dies, 215.

Posey, Carnot, on soldiers and Taylor, =1.= 374.

Potomac, and Vera Cruz expedition, =2.= 18, 25; scurvy, 195; in Home Squadron, 197, 442; and attack on Tuxpán, 444.

Pratt, H. C, in Lane's march to Puebla, =2.= 426.

Preble, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189, 206, 447.

Preparation for war, Mexican, on annexation of Texas, =1.= 87-8, 434; Mexican hostile attitude toward Americans, 102-4, 484; reasons for hope of Mexican success, 104-16; United States deemed feeble, 104-5; expected opposition in United States, 105, 107, 119, 443; foreign opinion on relative military strength, 105-6; Mexico's opinion of its own army, 106; Texas as expected field, 107, 110; successful invasion of Mexico deemed impossible, 107-8; Mexican hope in privateering, 108; and on financial burden on United States, 109, 130; expected revitalization of Mexico, 110; expected aid from Spanish America, 111; and from Europe, 112-5, 441, 442; importance of Oregon controversy, 114-5, 130, 137, 442; Mexican desire for war, 115-6, 442, =2.= 312, 510; American attitude, =1.= 117-37; resentment of Mexican outrages, 117-9, 443; patience with an inferior people, 119; attacks on policy of forbearance, 119-21; effect of claims controversy, 120, 132, 134, 448; of rejection of Slidell, 120, 127, 145, 445; supposed European manipulation of Mexico, 121-2, 443; demand of the southwest, trade influences, 122, 443; slaveholders fear, 123; chance to overthrow Calhoun, 123; and spirit of expansion, 123, 444; unrest, war spirit and allurements of Mexico, 124-6, 444-5; expected easy victory, 125; annexation of Texas and war spirit, 126, 132; Polk's alleged desire for war, disproof, 127-34, 150, 326, 445-8, 478, 526; intolerable conditions, force as only solution, 134-7; and monarchy for Mexico, 135, 448; bold attitude as argument for negotiations, 152. See also Diplomatic intercourse; Outbreak.

President of Mexico, powers under first constitution, =1.= 37; election of Victoria, 37; and of Pedraza, 40; Guerrero, 41; Bustamante, 43, 47; Pedraza restored, 45; election of Santa Anna (1832), 45; Santa Anna temporary, 49; Santa Anna's election (1844), 53; Herrera, 55; Paredes in power, 100, 212; Santa Anna titular and Farías acting (1846), =2.= 5-6; Farías eliminated, Anaya substitute, 14, 15; Santa Anna resumes power (1847), 83; election of 1847 deferred, 73, 84, 363; Santa Anna resigns, Peña acting, 180, 240, 427, 428, 466; Anaya elected ad interim (1847), 236; Herrera (1848), 252. See also Dictatorship; Revolution.

President of United States, Scott's ambition, =1.= 130, =2.= 284, 390-2; Taylor's candidacy proposed, =1.= 179, 208; his ambition and suspicions, 352, 363, 368, 538, 544, 547; effect of Buena Vista on it, 400; his letter to Gaines, 507; effect on Taylor of Polk's attitude and own conduct, =2.= 272, 278, 493; Whigs and candidates, 284; Webster's candidacy, 291; Taylor's candidacy as vindication of the war, 292; Pillow's ambition, 376. See also Polk.

Press, Mexican, conditions, =1.= 15; Paredes's decrees on, 215; during the war, =2.= 84, 85, 91. See also Newspapers.

Price, Sterling, to raise men, =1.= 290; troops to reinforce Kearny, 290, 516; to hold Santa Fe, 298, 517; Chihuahua and Rosales expedition, =2.= 166, 419; as governor of New Mexico, 217, 453; supposed force (Nov., 1847), 432.

Princeton, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279; at Vera Cruz, =2.= 26; in Home Squadron, 197, 441; in attack on Alvarado, 198.

Principles of war, =1.= 405.

Prisoners of war, Encarnación, =1.= 370-1, 562, =2.= 418; release after Monterey armistice, =1.= 507; Scott's treatment, parole, =2.= 58, 340, 353, 515; and armistice after Churubusco, 134, 394; in treaty of peace, 468.

Prisons, Mexican, =1.= 13, 21.

Privateering, Mexican hope in, =1.= 108; projects, failure, =2.= 191-3; question of American, 192, 439.

Proclamations, war, =1.= 191, 213, 474; Scott's, at Vera Cruz, =2.= 38; of May 11, 66, 357-8.

Programme of war, Polk's rejection of Scott's policy, =1.= 198-200; policy of occupying territory, 262, 266-7, 508, =2.= 273, 492; defensive-line policy, =1.= 282-3, 461, 513, 514, =2.= 183, 430; failure of quick peace programme, =1.= 347; project of attack on Mexico City, 349; question of attack on Vera Cruz, 349-50; no further advance in north, 350; attack on Vera Cruz adopted, 350-1; advance to capital left open, 351, 540, =2.= 344; Marcy shifts responsibility to Scott, =1.= 355, 540; Taylor ignores programme, 368; Mexican plan after fall of capital, =2.= 182, 430; American problem after capture of capital, 183, 430; hampered by opposition, 292; effect of inadequate preparation, 314, 510.

Progreso, on American peace party, =2.= 495.

Pronunciation of Spanish, =1.= xxi.

Propaganda, Mexican, among Taylor's troops, =1.= 160; among Irish soldiers, 507, =2.= 81, 358; at siege of Vera Cruz, 337. See also Desertion.

Prospects of war. See Preparation.

Prosperity, of occupied territory, =2.= 214, 215, 219, 232; American, in the war, 263, 484.

Provisional, on United States and Texas, =1.= 423.

Prussia, and the war, =1.= 403, =2.= 298-9. See also Canitz.

Public debt. See Finances; Loans.

Public lands, bounty to soldiers, =2.= 75, 490; gradation policy, 261, 482.

Public opinion, lack in Mexico, =1.= 13.

Puebla, situation, aspect, =1.= 2, =2.= 71; Scott's advance from Jalapa, 64, 66, 69; clerical control and attitude toward Scott's advance, understanding, 65-6, 357; Santa Anna at, 69, 360; he evacuates, 70; Worth's conference, erroneous agreement, 70, 360; occupation, 71; character of Worth's rule, 71-2, 361; Scott at, 72; condition of army in, 72-3; advance from, 78, 92, 371; Scott at, and peace negotiations, 130, 391; guerilla operations and beginning of siege, 173-4, 424; American garrison and positions, 174, 424, 433; Santa Anna's siege, 174-6; Lane's march to relieve, 176, 425; battle of Huamantla, 176-8, 425-6; arrival of Lane, siege raised, 178; losses in siege, 426; American rule, 225, 229, 231.

Puebla state, guerilla warfare, =2.= 173; in discussion on peace, 464.

Pueblo Indians, submit to Kearny, =1.= 296.

Puente nacional, as defensive point, =2.= 40, 348; abandoned, 41-2; aspect, 47; American post, 432.

Pulque, =1.= 508.

Punta Aguda, occupied, =1.= 562.

Purísima bridge at Monterey, =1.= 249, 254.

Puros, rise, aims, opposition, =2.= 2-4; demands and loss of prestige, 4-5; and Presidential election (1846), 5; abandon Farías, 12; attitude toward Santa Anna, 15, 82, 83, 87; and peace negotiations (1847), 136; and local government under Scott, 229; Eventualists, 234, 465; oppose treaty, 250; and British mediation, 368. See also Farías; Federalism.

Querétaro, situation, =1.= 3; revolt, =2.= 236.

Querétaro battalion, at Monterey, =1.= 494; at Chapultepec, =2.= 408. Querétaro state, in discussion on peace, =2.= 464.

Quijano, Benito, armistice commissioner, =2.= 242, 394.

Quitman, J. A., brigade at Monterey, =1.= 249, 252-6, 492; Taylor on, 352; march to Victoria, 357, 360; march to Tampico, 365-6, 368; at Brazos, 476; at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 27; at Jalapa, 62; in advance to Puebla, 64, 69; Amozoc affair, 70; division in Scott's army, 78, 356, 365; in advance from Puebla, 93, 94, 371; at San Agustín, 103, 376, 380; during armistice, commissioner, 134, 394; advance after armistice, 142, 401; at Chapultepec, 152, 153, 156, 157, 409-11; at Belén garita, 158-60, 162, 412, 414-6; takes possession of the city, 163, 416; as governor of it, 164, 226, 460; and Scott, 248; Alvarado expedition, 344-5; court of inquiry on Worth, 361; and Contreras, 381; and douceur, 391; and plan of attack on capital, 408; division broken up, 432; leaves Mexico, 438; not West Pointer, 513.

Radepont, Marquis de, on volunteers, =2.= 513.

Radicals, aim of Mexican (1846), =2.= 2-4. See also Puros.

Rainfall of Mexico, =1.= 1-2.

Ramírez, J. F., on Mexican responsibility for the war, =1.= 116; on Santa Anna's manifesto, 219; on the Church, 408; on judicial system, 409; on political situation (1847), =2.= 16, 83; on guerilla warfare, 168; on Mexican political character, 310; on justice of the war, 323; conference with Santa Anna, 368; on armistice, 399.

Ramírez, Simeón, brigade at Monterey, =1.= 235, 494; at Molino del Rey, =2.= 142; flight, 145; at Belén garita, 159, 160.

Ramiro, José, and Contreras, =2.= 106.

Ramsey, A. C., regiment, =2.= 363.

Ranchero, =1.= 19.

Ranelagh, Viscount, proffer to Mexico, =2.= 306.

Rangel, J., and preparations below Perote, =2.= 40, 346; and Contreras, 110; at Molino del Rey, 142; at Chapultepec, 157, 161, 410, 411; at San Cosme garita, wounded, 161, 162, 413; brigade, 369.

Rank controversy in American army, =1.= 144.

Ransom, T. B., at Contreras, =2.= 109, 110, 378; at Chapultepec, killed, 155; regiment, 263. See also Ninth Infantry.

Raritan, and Vera Cruz expedition, =2.= 25; scurvy, 195; in Home Squadron, 197, 442, 446; in attack on Tuxpán, 444.

Raton Pass, Kearny at, aspect, =1.= 291.

Razonador, peace organ, =2.= 82.

Rea, J., as guerilla, =2.= 173; siege of Puebla, 174, 176; retirement and overthrow, 178-9, 426-7.

Rebolledo, J. C., as guerilla, =2.= 171; betrayed, 423.

Recognition of Texas, American, =1.= 66, 422, 423; European, 432.

Red Comet, secret society, =1.= 376.

Reefer, captured, =1.= 511; at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 238; added to navy, 438; in Home Squadron, 442, 445, 446; in attack on Tuxpán, 444.

Reforma, desires war, =1.= 116.

Reforms, Farías' attempts, =1.= 45-6.

Regulars. See Army.

Reid, J. W., in battle of Sacramento, =1.= 309, 311; pursuit of Comanches, 521.

Reid, Mayne, at battle of Chapultepec, wounded, =2.= 156, 157.

Rejón, M. C., and annexation of Texas, =1.= 86; Santa Anna's manifesto (1846), 219; and new government, 222; return with Santa Anna, 486; as leader of Puros, =2.= 2, 3; demands and dismissal, 4; and demand on Church property, 10, 329, 331; rejects peace overtures (1846), 122; and Atocha as peace agent, 124; key of policy, 125; corrupt, 131; opposes peace negotiations (1847), 136; and treaty of peace, 249; and poll tax, 324; and British offer of mediation, 368; suspected intrigue with Scott, 390.

Religion. See Roman Catholic church.

Reno, J.L., at Contreras, =2.= 104; at Chapultepec, 154.

Reports, character of American army, =1.= ix, 404, =2.= 59, 354.

Republicano, on financial chaos, =2.= 11; on three-million fund, 126; on Atocha, 386.

Repudiation, state, and American war finances, =2.= 256, 294, 478.

Requena, T., and defence of Monterey, =1.= 233, 489; and Santa Anna, 377; in Monterey negotiations, 502; on Taylor's blunders, 503.

Resaca de Guerrero. See Resaca de la Palma.

Resaca de la Palma, battle of, map, =1.= 170; Mexican position and conditions, 170-2, 467; American advance, mêlée, 172-3; flanking of Mexican left, 174; panic of Mexican right, 174; May's charge, 174, 467; Arista's conduct, 175; flight across Rio Grande, 175; little pursuit, 175, 467; losses, 176. See also Rio Grande campaign.

Revista Económica y Comercial, on Herrera administration, =1.= 438.

Revolutions in Mexico, as relief for ennui, =1.= 21; Hidalgo's attempt (1810), 31; Itúrbide's (1821), 33; overthrow of Itúrbide (1823), 35; Montaño attempt (1827), 38; Santa Anna's overthrow of Pedraza (1828), 40-1; overthrow of Guerrero (1829), 43; Santa Anna restores Pedraza (1832), 44-5; attempt against Farías (1833), 46; Mejía's attempt (1839), 49; attempts of Paredes and Valencia (1841), 50; Santa Anna's (1841), 51; overthrow of Santa Anna (1844), 53-5; attempted Federalist (1845), 56; Paredes (1845), 98-9, 120, 438; Alvarez (1846), 216; overthrow of Paredes, 216-7, 485; complexity of this, =2.= 1; clerical (Polko), against Farías (1847), 12-4, 230-2.

Reyes, I., and the defence of northern states, =1.= 305; and plans against Taylor, =2.= 165; succeeds Santa Anna, 181, 429.

Reynolds, J. F., at Chapultepec, =2.= 156.

Reynosa, occupied, =1.= 204, 479.

Rhett, R. B., position in House, =2.= 496.

Rhode Island, and peace, =2.= 123.

Richmond Enquirer, on war spirit, =1.= 126; on divided sentiment toward Mexico, 443. See also Ritchie, Thomas.

Richtofen, Freiherr von, Prussian minister at Mexico, on Bocanegra's note, =1.= 69.

Ridgely, Randolph, battery at Resaca de la Palma, =1.= 172, 173, 467; at Monterey, 254, 492, 496.

Riley, Bennet, at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53, 55, 352, 354; brigade in Scott's army, 77; at Contreras, 104, 108-10, 378-80; at Churubusco, 114, 382; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408; at Chapultepec, 152; advance after armistice, 401; at Tacubaya, 461.

Rincón, Manuel, and Alvarez' revolt, =1.= 216; at Churubusco, =2.= 110, 114, 117; and high command, 182, 429; and peace commission, 239, 466.

Rincón del Diablo. See Diablo.

Rinconada Pass, Mexicans to retire to line of, =1.= 259; Taylor's force at, aspect, 265; Wool's march and Mexican abandonment, 508.

Ringgold, Samuel, in advance to Rio Grande, =1.= 146, 147; at Palo Alto, mortally wounded, 164, 167, 465, 466; field battery, 450, 451; and artillery arm, 451.

Río, Señor del, and peace negotiations, =2.= 236.

Río Frio, American post, =2.= 432.

Rio Grande campaign, river as boundary of Texas, =1.= 138; Taylor's force as guard, 142; crossing by Mexicans as invasion, 144, 453; Taylor's advance to, 145-8, 454; retaliatory orders, 148-9, 455; Mexicans cross and attack, 149, 455; de facto war, Taylor calls for more troops, 150, 205, 458, 480; justification of advance to, 151-4, 456-61; advance not cause of war, 154-5, 185, 457, 471, =2.= 276-7; Mexican force, =1.= 158, 462; Matamoros fortifications, 158; condition and position of American force, Mexican opinion, 158-60, 462, 463; map of Matamoros and American position, 159; minor mishaps, 160; Mexican propaganda, 160; Mexican impatience for combat, 161, 463; Taylor and line of communication, 161, 464; Mexican advance on line, 162, 464; Taylor's march to Point Isabel, 163; return march, train, 163; size of American force, 163; its morale, 164; battle of Palo Alto, 164-9, 465; attack on Fort Brown, 164, 176, 467-9; pursuit of Mexicans, 169, 466; battle of Resaca de la Palma, 170-6, 467; Taylor's inaction, permits Mexicans to retire from Matamoros, 176-8, 469; Americans cross and occupy town, 178; results of campaign, Taylor's conduct, 178-80, 469, 470; effect on Mexicans, 179, 213; original American force, =2.= 511.

Ripalda, Father, catechism, =1.= 13.

Ripley, R. S., value of his history, =1.= 404; on Scott and Taylor, 490; on Wool's march, 510; on Scott's preparations, 539, 544; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53, 58; on Cerro Gordo, 348, 353, 354; on Scott's delay at Puebla, 361; on choice of routes, 373; on Contreras, 380; on Churubusco, 383; on Scott and Trist, 392; on armistice, 398, 399; on Molino del Rey, 403; on Scott's failure to prepare, 404; on plan to attack city, 405; on Chapultepec, 409; on Belén garita, 412; on San Cosme garita, 413; on Scott's failure to occupy country, 433; on excesses in Mexico City, 460; on peace negotiations, 467.

Ritchie, Thomas, on southern opposition to the war, =1.= 189; on attitude of Whigs, =2.= 276, 279. See also Richmond Enquirer.

River and harbor bill, Polk's veto, =2.= 271, 281.

Rives, W. C., plan to stop the war, =2.= 290.

Roa Bárcena, J. M., on Mexican desire for war, =1=. 116; value of his history, 404; on Texan boundary, 449; on American and Mexican armies, 469; on Taylor and Scott as conquerors, =2.= 324, 511.

Roads, Mexican, =1.= 16.

Roberts, B. S., on charge at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 54; at Contreras, 104; at Chapultepec, 158, 410; hoists flag in Mexico City, 164.

Roberts, W. B., at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 56, 57.

Robertson, J. B., on mistakes at Monterey, =1.= 503.

Robinson, J. A., American consul at Guaymas, reports cited passim.

Robles, Manuel, and defences of Vera Cruz, =2.= 19, 334; at Cerro Gordo, 42, 43, 45, 348.

Rockwell, J. A., on Walker, =2.= 480.

Rogers, R. C., captured, =2.= 444.

Roland, J. F., company of light artillery, =2.= 366.

Roman Catholic church in Mexico, religious qualities, =1.= 4, 7, 14, 22, 26; authority and character, wealth, 6-7, 408; and education, 14; Farías' attempted reforms, 45-6; and Seven Laws, 47; and Santa Anna's dictatorship, 52; fears American influence, 103; and war funds, 213-4, 223, =2.= 254, 346, 347, 477; Santa Anna declares against ecclesiastical domination (1846), =1.= 219; and war demands on its property, law of Jan. 11, =2.= 8-11, 329; Beach's intrigue and revolt, 11-4, 330-2, 334; and Santa Anna after revolt, 15, 65, 85, 332; arrangement with Scott, 65-7, 331, 357-8; and peace, 125; incitation of religious fervor against Americans, 142, 346; American attitude toward, 211, 221, 324, 458, 459; in treaty of peace, 248, 468. See also Government; Oligarchy.

Romero, Manuel, at Monterey, =1.= 243, 494; and Taylor's march to Victoria, 542.

Rosa, Luis de la, opposes peace negotiations (1847), =2.= 136; as Peña's minister, 181, 428; at exchange of ratifications, appearance, 251; and reopening of peace negotiations, 463; minister at Washington, 475.

Rosita, Mexican privateer, =2.= 192, 193.

Rothschilds, and American funds in Mexico, =2.= 266, 488; and war borrowings, 481.

Rowan, John, claims commissioner, =1.= 430.

Rowe, T. F., at siege of Puebla, =2.= 424.

Royce, Josiah, on justice of acquiring California, =2.= 322.

Ruiz de Apodaca. See Apodaca.

Sabine River, as boundary, =1.= 63.

Sacramento, Cal., and Sutter's trading post, =1.= 318.

Sacramento River, battle of, Mexican force, =1.= 306, 519; topography, Mexican defences, 306-8, 520; map, 307; Doniphan's formation, 308; his crossing of Arroyo Seco and gaining of plateau, 309; repulse of Mexican cavalry, 310; artillery duel, 310; capture of forts, 311-2, 520; losses, 312.

St. Louis, enlistments, =1.= 195; and Santa Fe trail trade, 286.

St. Louis Missouri Reporter, attacks policy of forbearance, =1.= 121; demand for war, 443.

St. Louis Republican, on rejection of Slidell, =1.= 120; on war spirit, 132.

St. Louis Reveille, on war spirit, =1.= 126.

St. Mary's, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279, =2.= 197; off Vera Cruz, =1.= 486; in Home Squadron, =2.= 197, 442.

Salas, J. M., revolt in favor of Santa Anna, =1.= 217, 222, 485, 488; on Santa Anna at San Luis Potosí, 379; and Farías and Santa Anna, =2.= 1, 4; and Polkos, 3; supports Moderados, 4; and rising against Farías, 13; captured at Contreras, 110, 378; and peace negotiations, 122; and guerilla warfare, 169; command in Army of the North, 369.

Saldaña, General, captured at Chapultepec, =2.= 411.

Saltillo, road from Monterey, Worth's movement on it, =1.= 239-44, 497; Taylor's advance and occupation of town, 264-6; Wool's expedition diverted to, 275, 358; Doniphan joins Wool, 313, 521; Santa Anna's plan against (Dec.), 357, 541; and battle of Buena Vista, 383, 395, 555, 556, 559; Valencia's plans against, =2.= 165; under American rule, 213, 452; Wool's later force, 417; Hamtramck commands, 418.

San Agustín (Tlálpam), Scott's advance to, =2.= 96-8, 374, 381.

San Angel, Patterson's division at, =2.= 461.

San Antonio, Mex., fortification, =2.= 98; American reconnaissance and advance, 102-3; capture, 112, 382.

San Antonio, Texas, danger of Mexican attack (1846), =1.= 153; gathering of Wool's force, 267; aspect, 268.

San Antonio (Abad) garita, =2.= 147.

San Blas, as port, =1.= 3; blockade, =2.= 206, 207, 448; not occupied, 207, 448.

San Blas battalion, at Chapultepec, =2.= 410.

San Cosme garita, =2.= 147; capture, 161-2, 413-4, 416.

San Diego, Cal., in the conquest, =1.= 336, 340, 534.

San Fernando de Presas, =1.= 259, 502.

San Fernando de Rosas, Wool at, aspect, =1.= 272.

San Francisco, Cal., importance of port, effort to acquire, =1.= 95, 323-4, 436.

San Gerónimo village, in battle of Contreras, =2.= 104, 105, 107, 379, 380.

San Isidro, Harney at, =2.= 94.

San Jacinto, battle of, =1.= 47.

San José, Lower Cal., occupied, counter-attacks, =2.= 208, 448, 449.

San Juan, American post, =2.= 432.

San Juan Bautista, Perry's attacks, =2.= 199, 204-5, 443, 445.

San Juan de Ulúa, fortress, captured by French, =1.= 49; position and strength, 349, 536, =2.= 19, 21, 333; plan, 21; and the siege, 33; surrender, occupation, 36, 340; plan for naval attack, 201, 444. See also Vera Cruz expedition.

San Lucas, occupied, =2.= 208.

San Luis Potosí, situation, =1.= 3; Santa Anna at, 375-80; his march against Taylor, 380; Scott's intention to occupy, =2.= 184, 432; war-party insurrection, 240, 466.

San Luis Potosí battalion, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

San Luis Potosí cavalry, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

San Luis Potosí state, in discussion on peace, =2.= 464.

San Pascual, Cal., battle, =1.= 341-2; map, 341.

San Patricio, Texas, Taylor's intended movement, =1.= 452.

San Patricio corps of Irish deserters, at Buena Vista, =1.= 391, 393, 395; origin, 494, 550; at Churubusco, =2.= 111, 117, 385; fate, 385.

Sanders, John, and artillery in Monterey campaign, =1.= 228; in battle of Monterey, 246.

Sands, J. R., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338.

Santa Anna, Antonio López de, and education, =1.= 14; first appearance, 31; in Itúrbide's revolt, 33; revolt against Itúrbide, 35; and overthrow of Pedraza (1828), 40, 41; and Spanish invasion, 41; appearance and character, 42, 54, 220, 414, 415, 487, =2.= 312-3, 510; in retirement, =1.= 44, 45, 47, 48, 52; restores Pedraza (1832), 44-5; elected President (1832), 45; dictator with reactionary support, 46, 415; plans, effect of Texan revolt, 47; loses leg in attack on French, hero, 49; undermines Bustamante, 49-50; and Paredes revolt, 50; seizes power (1841), dictatorship, 51-2; constitutional President, 53; overthrow, banished, 53-4; and United States and Texas, 63, 66, 85-6, 433; plans against Texas (1842-3), 67, 70; closes New Mexican trade, 72; and claims, 78; hatred of United States, 103; boasts power of army, 106; invites a blockade, 110; incites fears of Spanish America, 111; on desire for war, 116; "butcher," 117; Polk's negotiations (1846), 201-3, 471, 478-9, =2.= 491, 493; combination against Paredes, =1.= 215-7, 485; Alvarez' revolt in favor of, 216; return, 218, 486; manifesto, 219; position and caution, 219-22, 487; policy and command of army only, 222-4; reception at the capital, 222, 488; sets out for front, 223; and Monterey campaign, 230, 234, 494, 503; and termination of Monterey armistice, 264; and Tampico, 278, 511; potential army, 283, 513; policy toward northern frontier, 305; and Doniphan's march, 306; and California, 319; plan to attack during Taylor's Victoria march, 357; programme of one victory, 374-5; at San Luis Potosí, incites patriotism, 375; attitude of states toward, 376, 550; and National Guard and officers, 376; financial worries and operations, 377, =2.= 254-5, 477; character of his northern army, =1.= 377, 379, 550; rumors of his intended treachery and dictatorship, 378, 379, 551; inaction condemned, 379; plan to attack Taylor's weak and isolated force, 379, 543, 552; march, force, 380-2, 552-4; discovered by Americans, their flight to Buena Vista, 382-3, 554; battle of Buena Vista, 384-97; retires to preserve organized army, 397-8, 562; retreat to San Luis Potosí, 398; credited with victory, 399; robs treasury (1844), 432; and Texan boundary, 449; and Salas and Farías, =2.= 1; and Puros, 2-5; and shelving of Farías, 4, 327; and election (1846), 5; and Church property, 9-12, 65, 329, 331; and clerical revolt, supersedes Farías, 13-4, 331; political position as Executive (1847), 14-5, 332; and defence of Vera Cruz, 20, 334; on surrender of Vera Cruz, 33, 341, 342; preparations against Scott below Perote, 40-2, 346; defences and force at Cerro Gordo, 42-5, 347, 348; battle of Cerro Gordo, 48-59, 352; flight, 55; in retreat, 67, 358; preparations at Orizaba, funds, 67, 359; political influences on movements, at Puebla, 68-9, 360; Amozoc affair, evacuates Puebla, 70, 360; loss of prestige after Cerro Gordo, 80, 367; as target for discontent, 82; return to capital with army, breach of faith, 82-3, 368; resumes executive power, opposition, 83-5; defied by states, 86-7; collection of matériel, 87; organization of army, its character and officers, 87-9, 369; plan of operation against Scott's advance, 89-90, 370; defences, 90; power and enthusiasm for, on start of final campaign, 91-2; and Scott's march to San Agustín, 97-8, 374; confidence in, again lost, 98; southern line, 99-101, 374; and Valencia's occupation of Contreras field, 102, 375; and battle of Contreras, 105, 106, 110, 379, 380; preparations at Churubusco, 110-1, 382; battle of Churubusco, 112-9, 382-5; attitude toward peace on his return (1846), 122, 124, 386; and Trist mission, 130-2; peace move after Churubusco, 133; armistice, 133, 137-8, 394-6; activity during it, combination against him, 134, 136, 398; peace negotiations during armistice, 135-8, 396-400; preparations at Molino del Rey, 142; and the battle there, 144, 402, 404; preparations against attack on city, 152; and Chapultepec, 153-5, 410; at Belén garita, 159, 160, 413; at San Cosme garita, 161, 162; evacuates the city, 163, 415; and uprising in city, 167, 168, 420; and guerilla warfare, 169; siege of Puebla, 174-6; battle of Huamantla, 176-8, 425, 426; eliminated, 179-81, 427, 428; yields command, 181, 429; voluntary exile, 181, 242, 429; and salary, 327; capture of his wooden leg, 354; Scott's proclamation on, 357; and British offer of mediation, 368; almost captured, 427. See also Mexico expedition.

Santa Barbara, Cal., Pico's convention, =1.= 329, 527; occupied by Stockton, 337; Frémont at, 345; captured by insurgents, 534.

Santa Cruz de Rosales, capture, =2.= 166.

Santa Fe, Mex., powder-mill, =1.= 462, =2.= 87.

Santa Fe, N. Mex., Texan expedition, =1.= 72, 118; occupied by Kearny, 296; aspect, 296; troops remaining at, 298; population, 517; condition of force at, 518. See also next title, and New Mexico.

Santa Fe trail, development and importance, =1.= 72, 284, 286, 514; Kearny's expedition on, 288-9, 515.

Santa Rosa, Wool at, =1.= 272.

Santa Rosa Pass, skirmish, =1.= 541.

Santangelo, O. G. D. de A., claim, =1.= 427; on outrages, 448.

Santiago, Fort, at Vera Cruz, =2.= 19.

Saratoga, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189; yellow fever, 195; in Home Squadron, 446.

Saunders, J. L., attack at Tampico, =2.= 197, 441.

Saunders, R. M., American minister at Madrid, and Spanish mediation, =2.= 503.

Savannah, at Monterey, =1.= 335; and Frémont, 345, 536; in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189, 447.

Schatzel, I. P., American consul at Matamoros, =1.= 455.

School of Mines, Mexican, =1.= 14.

Scenery, Mexican. See Physical aspect.

Scorpion, in Home Squadron, =2.= 446.

Scott, H. L., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 335; of Scott's staff, 366.

Scott, Martin, at Monterey, =1.= 245, 498.

Scott, Winfield, political ambition and the war, =1.= 130, =2.= 284, 390, 391; relations with Polk, =1.= 130, 354, =2.= 75, 188, 436, 511; and Taylor and Bliss, =1.= 141; and Twiggs-Worth controversy, 144; and advance to Rio Grande, 152-4; and command in the field, 196, 198; character, 197, 545, =2.= 248, 316-8; war policy and clash with administration, relegated, =1.= 198-200, 476-8; and Taylor's intelligence system, 227; on Monterey, 261, 505, 506; and Taylor, 262, 352, 353, 363, 368, 544; and defensive-line policy, 283; and war programme, 350, 351; selected to command Vera Cruz expedition, 351-4; and earlier rebuff, 353, 539; and Harney, 364-5, 545, 546; attitude toward Pillow, 367, =2.= 186, 378; character of reports, =1.= 404, =2.= 59, 354; and flintlocks, =1.= 450; on Polk's alarm at outbreak, 476; and Taylor's advance from the Rio Grande, 490; and Doniphan's expedition, 517; and Taylor's insubordinate advance, 547; on Twiggs, =2.= 48; attitude of troops, 49; at Cerro Gordo, 56; at Contreras, 105, 106, 378, 379; at Churubusco, 111, 118, 119, 383; halt after Churubusco, on it, 121, 386; quarrel with Trist, 128, 389; reconciliation and harmony, 130, 392, 397; and douceur, 131, 132, 390, 391; and Mexican attitude toward Trist, 132, 133, 390, 393; peace move after Churubusco, 133; armistice then, 133, 137, 138, 394-6, 398-9; and Molino del Rey, 143, 147, 401, 402; decides to attack Chapultepec, 149, 408; misgivings on it, 154; at the battle, 158; and advance after Chapultepec, 161, 412, 414-6; in Mexico City, 164, 415-6; cabal against, 185-8, 434-8; and Worth, 186, 361; removed, 188, 438; orders for military government, 455-7; and Catholic church, 221; discipline in Mexico City, 226, 459-60; and local government there, 229; on conduct of his army, 231; pessimism on war outlook, 235; and recall of Trist, 238, 465; and peace negotiations and de facto truce, 240, 242, 467; promise to protect peace government, 240; and armistice after signing of peace, 242, 471; magnanimity, 248, 317; and tariff for Mexican ports, 262; and levies on Mexicans, 265, 486-7; political effect of Polk's attitude, 272; political effect of actions, 278; and foreign interests, 303; achievement, 316-8; invited to be dictator, 323; on plan at Cerro Gordo, 350; rebuke of Worth at Puebla, 361; and Semmes's mission, 389; suspected Rejón intrigue, 390; Scott not acting in politics, 390; proposal to facilitate peace by halting before Mexico, 393; at southern front, 408; and Peña government, 428; plea for adequate forces, 510; contrasts regulars and volunteers, 512. See also Mexico expedition; Vera Cruz expedition.

Scourge, in attack on Tuxpán, =2.= 203, 444; at Alvarado, 344; in Home Squadron, 446.

Scouting. See Intelligence.

Scurvy, in navy, =2.= 194.

Sea, at Tampico, =1.= 281.

Secession, and Texan annexation, =2.= 272. See also Coalition.

Second Artillery, in Scott's army, =2.= 77; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Churubusco, 384; in Lane's march to Puebla, 426; garrison at Puebla, 433.

Second Dragoons, at Fort Jesup, =1.= 140; go to Texas, 142-3; advance to Saltillo, 264; at Buena Vista, 388, 555; in Monterey campaign, 492, 496; at the battle, 497; in Wool's march, 509; in Harney's brigade, 541; in Scott's army, =2.= 77; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Churubusco, 384; in Taylor's later force, 417.

Second Infantry, in Victoria march, =1.= 357; in Harney's brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 114, 382; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343.

Second Ligero, at Resaca de la Palma, =1.= 173, 174; at Monterey, 494; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 52, 347.

Sedgwick, John, on Reynosa, =1.= 212; on Scott and Pillow, =2.= 439.

Seiffart, ----, Prussian minister at Mexico, and peace negotiations, =2.= 397.

Semmes, Raphael, at San Cosme garita, =2.= 162; wrecked, 194; on Worth at Puebla, 360; bias of account, 373; on Churubusco, 383; and Scott, 389; on Molino del Rey, 402, 403.

Senate, treaty of peace in, =2.= 246-8, 472-3. See also Congress, American.

Senobio, M., and siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 31; in preparations below Perote, 40, 41; guerilla, 421.

Sentmanat, Francisco, executed, =1.= 117, 241.

Serfdom in Mexico, =1.= 5.

Seven Laws, =1.= 47; failure, 50.

Seventh Infantry, in Texas, =1.= 143; Mexican propaganda in, 161; at Fort Brown, 163; march to Camargo, 209; at Monterey, 245, 247, 492, 496, 501; left there, 508; in Smith's brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 51, 54, 55, 352; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 114, 382; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343.

Seventh Line Infantry, Mexican, at Sacramento, =1.= 307; at Monterey, 494.

Severance, Luther, encourages enemy, =2.= 280; position in House, 496.

Sevier, A. H., on Polk and peace, =2.= 245; ratification commissioner, 249, 251, 474.

Seward, W. H., on expansion, =1.= 444.

Seymour, Sir George, and California, =1.= 334, 336, 531.

Seymour, T. H., at Chapultepec, =2.= 410.

Shannon, Wilson, American minister at Mexico, and annexation of Texas, =1.= 86, 87.

Shark, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189.

Shaw, T. D., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338.

Shawnee Indians, in Kearny's expedition, =1.= 288.

Sherman, T. W., at Buena Vista, =1.= 390, 392, 395, 555; in Smith's brigade, 541; light artillery, =2.= 366.

Sherman, W. T., on California and independence, =1.= 321; on treaty of peace, =2.= 246.

Shields, James, on enlistment, =1.= 195; in Wool's march, 271, 509; at Tampico, as governor, 282, =2.= 229, 418, 461; Taylor on, =1.= 352; in Vera Cruz expedition, 368, =2.= 27; at Brazos, =1.= 476; career, 509; before Cerro Gordo, =2.= 49; in the battle, 52, 53, 55; wounded, 55, 352; brigade in Scott's army, 78; at Contreras, 105, 107, 108, 110, 379, 380; at Churubusco, 115-7, 384; force after that battle, 120; wounded at Chapultepec, 157; discipline, 215; and douceur, 391; and plan to attack Mexico City, 408; retained in service, 432; leaves Mexico, 438; not West Pointer, 513.

Shiver, Captain, in Monterey campaign, =1.= 492, 496.

Shover, W. H., at Saltillo, =1.= 556, 559.

Shubrick, W. B., commands Pacific squadron, blockade order, =2.= 206, 446; operations, 206-8, 447-9; and occupied territory, 208.

Siglo XIX, on Herrera's rule, =1.= 56; on Americans, 103; on corruption, 417; on Paredes revolt, 438; on Church property and war funds, =2.= 8.

Silva, Mariano, and surrender of Monterey, Cal., =1.= 334.

Simmons, S. G., in Lane's march to Puebla, =2.= 426.

Simms, W. G., and absorption of Mexico, =2.= 243; on Vera Cruz expedition, 336.

Simpson, Sir George, on California, =1.= 321.

Sinaloa state, and secession, =2.= 86.

Sitgreaves, Lorenzo, reconnaissance in Wool's march, =1.= 271.

Six-months men, Gaines's requisition and service, =1.= 196, 205, 452, 476, =2.= 272, 511.

Sixteenth Infantry, in Taylor's later force, =2.= 417, 418.

Sixth Infantry, in Wool's march, =1.= 509; in Scott's army, =2.= 77; at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Molino del Rey, 402; at Belén garita, 412.

Sixth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, =1.= 494; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 44, 54, 347.

Size of Mexico, =1.= 1.

Slavery, Mexico counts on help of American slaves, =1.= 107; European warning against expansion, 114; interests and attitude toward Mexico, 123; extension not cause of war, 187-9, 473; and war annexations, =2.= 274, 289, 492, 502; politics of Wilmot Proviso, 286-7; and stopping of the war, 500.

Slidell, John, Mexican mission and rejection, =1.= 91, 95-8, 100-1, 127, 145, 326, 436-9, 447, 453, 460; on Oregon and Mexican controversies, 114, 115; effect of rejection on American opinion, 120; on failure of mission, 133, 135, 181; and advance to Rio Grande, 152; report on Santa Anna's attitude, 201; and Patterson, 351; and peace negotiations, =2.= 126, 387; and Conner, 202; House demand for instructions, 500.

Sloat, J. D., pacific instructions to (1845), =1.= 131, 447; instructions on California, 326, 526, 530; hesitation, final occupation of Monterey, 333-5, 530-1; gives place to Stockton, 336; squadron, =2.= 189.

Smith, A. J., and Mormon battalion, =1.= 290.

Smith, Ashbel, on Polk and war, =1.= 446.

Smith, C. F., at Resaca de la Palma, =1.= 172; at Monterey, 242, 244, 498; in march to San Agustín, =2.= 98; at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384; battalion at Molino del Rey, 144, 145, 403; and at Chapultepec, 161.

Smith, D. W., American consul at Matamoros, reports cited passim.

Smith, Ephraim Kirby, mortally wounded at Molino del Rey, =2.= 403.

Smith, G. W., and Cerro Gordo, =2.= 349; with Scott, 366.

Smith, Isaac, on mistakes at Monterey, =1.= 503.

Smith, J. L., engineer company with Scott, =2.= 349, 356, 366; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408.

Smith, J. M., at Churubusco, =2.= 117.

Smith, M. L., reconnoitres Old Peñón, =2.= 369.

Smith, P. F., brigade in march to Monterey, =1.= 229, 492, 496; in the battle, 245, 498; commands at Monterey, 508; brigade, 541; and Cerro Gordo, =2.= 52; brigade in Scott's army, 77; at Contreras, 104-10, 376, 379; at Churubusco, 114; at Chapultepec, 156, 158, 408, 410; in Mexico City, 163; as governor there, 226; armistice negotiations, 242, 394; and evacuation, 252, 475; on engineers, 320; court of inquiry on Worth, 361; credit for Contreras, 376; career and character, 377; not at conference on attack on capital, 408; not West Pointer, 513.

Smith, Sidney, and American repudiation, =2.= 256.

Smith, William, on the war, =2.= 499.

Smuggling, Mexican, =1.= 17, 410.

Social conditions, in Mexico, idleness, =1.= 15, 22; in country, 18; in villages and towns, 19-21; at the capital, 21-8; character of ruling class, 25-7; general conclusions, 28, 410; Mexican statement on character, 411. See also Character; Population; Roman Catholic church.

Society, Mexican, conditions, =1.= 25; intercourse in occupied territory, =2.= 230-1, 461-2.

Soldado, Fort, at Monterey, =1.= 241; capture, 245, 498.

Somers, wrecked, =2.= 194; in Home Squadron, 197, 442.

Sotepingo, captured, =2.= 113.

Soto, Juan, and defending of Vera Cruz, =2.= 22, 31, 341; and preparations below Perote, 41; and Santa Anna at Orizaba, 68.

South Carolina troops, call, =1.= 537; in Taylor's later command, =2.= 417. See also Palmetto.

Southampton, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 447.

Southern Quarterly Review, on Worth, =2.= 360.

Spain, colonial policy, =1.= 29-30; and Mexican-American relations (1846), 100; and monarchy for Mexico, 448, 485, 486; and Mexican privateering, =2.= 193; attitude, 297, 298; and blockade, 440, 449; and mediation, 503. See also Bermúdez de Castro; Lozano.

Spanish, as class in Mexico, =1.= 3; merchants, 17. See also Gachupines.

Spanish America, and expected Mexican-American war, =1.= 111; and the actual war, =2.= 298.

Spanish language, key of pronunciation, =1.= xxi.

Spectator, on misrule in Mexico, =2.= 509.

Speight, Jesse, position in Senate, =2.= 496.

Spitfire, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279, 281; in attack on Tuxpán, =2.= 203, 444; at siege of Vera Cruz, 338; in Home Squadron, 446.

Spooner, ----, Mexican Spy Company, =2.= 362.

Springfield Illinois State Register, on war and expansion, =1.= 444.

Staff, Scott's, =2.= 306.

Staniford, Thomas, brigade in Monterey campaign, =1.= 492.

States, Mexican. See Federalism.

Stauffer, Mrs. W. R., acknowledgment to. =1.= 451; on Bliss, 451.

Stearns, A. J., as trader in California, =1.= 318; and American occupation, 337.

Stephens, A. H., on the war, =1.= 183.

Steptoe, E. J., battery in Scott's army, =2.= 77; during Chapultepec, 152, 409; in Mexico City, 163; at Cerro Gordo, 348; at Belén garita, 415.

Sterett, J. S., at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338.

Stevens, I. I., on mistakes at Monterey, =1.= 502; at Churubusco, =2.= 113, 383; on Cerro Gordo, 350, 353; engineer with Scott, 366; reconnoitres Old Peñón, 369; on Molino del Rey, 402; reconnoitres southern approach to capital, 408; and plan of attack on capital, 408.

Stevenson, J. D., in California, =2.= 219.

Stewart, Andrew, on Walker, =2.= 480.

Stockton, R. F., pacific instructions to (1845), =1.= 131; command in California, character, 336, 532; and Frémont, address, 336, 532; first southern campaign, 336-7, 532; rule, 337-8; plan against Mexico, 338; second southern campaign, 339-44, 534-5; sends aid to Kearny, 341; and Frémont's capitulation, 346; and blockade, =2.= 205; relinquishes rule, 217.

Stone, C. P., ordnance officer with Scott, =2.= 366.

Storms, Mrs., in Mexico, =2.= 11; and Scott, 39; and absorption of Mexico, 243.

Storrs, Augustus, claim, =1.= 425.

Stromboli, in Home Squadron, =2.= 446.

Sub-treasury plan restored, =2.= 257, 479.

Sumner, Charles, on cause of war, =1.= 189; attitude, 274; demands recall of troops, 290.

Sumner, E. V., and Harney, =1.= 365; at Cerro Gordo, disabled, =2.= 52, 350; in Scott's army, 77; at Molino del Rey, 144, 146, 403; during and after Chapultepec, 161, 408, 410, 414.

Supplies. See Transportation.

Supreme Court, on title by conquest, =2.= 241, 468.

Surnames, Spanish, =1.= 44 n.

Sutter, J. A., trading post, =1.= 318, 522.

Swift, A. J., and engineer corps, =1.= 451.

Tabasco River, Perry's expeditions, =2.= 199-200, 204-5, 443, 445; map, 205.

Tacitus, on a Roman general, =2.= 313.

Tacubaya, Americans at, =2.= 134; aspect, 138.

Tacubaya, Bases of, =1.= 51.

Talbot, Theodore, escape from Santa Barbara, =1.= 534.

Talcott, G. H., battery in Scott's army, =2.= 77; at Cerro Gordo, 348.

Talcott, George, ordnance bureau, =1.= 474.

Tamaulipas cavalry, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

Tamaulipas state, plan to occupy, =1.= 263, 507; authorities and Urrea, =2.= 166; attitude toward United States, 215; general occupation, 418; and American tariff, 484. See also Tampico; Victoria.

Tampico, as port, =1.= 2; situation, map, 276; defences, 277; reasons for occupation, 277, 511; Conner's attitude, 277; Mexicans evacuate, 278-9, 510; American navy occupies, 279-81, 511-2; securing, 281-2, 512, 546; march of troops from Victoria to, 366, 546; assemblage for Vera Cruz expedition, 367, 546; plans for uprising, =2.= 165; first naval attack, 197, 441; under American rule, 214-5, 229, 230, 452, 461; aspect, 214; garrison, 418; American tariff, 484.

Tampico, at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 338; in Home Squadron, 445.

Tariff, Mexican protective, =1.= 17; American, and the war, 105, 130, 186; of 1846, political effect, opposition, =2.= 257, 273, 281, 286, 478-9; proposed, on tea and coffee, 261, 285, 482; American, for Mexican ports, 261-3, 303, 484, 500, 505.

Tattnall, Josiah, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 281, 512; in attack on Tuxpán, wounded, =2.= 203; at siege of Vera Cruz, 338, 339.

Taxation, Mexican, of mines, =1.= 15; Mexican war, =2.= 253; question of American war, 258, 480. See also Finances; Tariff.

Taylor, Francis, field battery, =1.= 450; in Scott's army, =2.= 77; at Churubusco, 114; during Chapultepec, 152, 409; at Cerro Gordo, 348.

Taylor, George, at Huamantla, =2.= 425, 426.

Taylor, William, American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited passim.

Taylor, Zachary, at Fort Jesup, =1.= 140; career, 140; character and ability, 140-1, 352, =2.= 315-6, 318; Bliss as adjutant, =1.= 141, 451, =2.= 318; takes force to Corpus Christi, =1.= 141-3; its original size and first reinforcements, 142, 143, 454, =2.= 511; condition of force, =1.= 143; and Worth-Twiggs rank controversy, 144; attitude of officers and men, 144, 362, 372, 374, 549; Rio Grande campaign [see this title]; neglects to acquire information, 145, 161, 208, 226, 249, 374, 451, 464, 476, 478, 549; fortifies the Mexicans, 158-61, 163, 177; hero after Rio Grande campaign, 179; Presidential ambition, personal effect, perverted judgments, 179, 208, 352, 363, 368, 538, 547, =2.= 284; and volunteers, =1.= 191, 474, =2.= 212, 450; relations with Polk, mutual hostility, =1.= 196, 263, 352-3, 507, 538, 544, 547; continued in command, 200, 478; feelings and problems at Matamoros, 204, 208, 481; volunteer reinforcements, their camps and morale, 205-8, 480, 481; Monterey campaign, [see this title]; results of campaign to, 261, 506; condition and size of force after it, 262, 506; fears displacement, 262; and Scott, 262, 352, 353, 363, 368, 544; and Patterson's orders for Tamaulipas, 263, 507; advance and occupation of Saltillo, 264-6; and Wool's march, 275, 276, 509, 510; entire force of department (Dec., 1846), 282, 355, 513, 537, 539; defensive-line policy, 282-3, 347, =2.= 183; insubordinate letter to Gaines, =1.= 347, 507; on war programme, 349, 536; instructed not to operate beyond Monterey, 350; and command of Vera Cruz expedition, 351-3, 539; and Scott's plans for expedition, 355-6, 363, 540, 543-4, 546, 552; sets out for Victoria, 357-60, 541-2; frustrates Scott's plan for conference, 356, 358, 541, 542; temporary return to Monterey expecting attack, 357; to Victoria, 362; returns to Monterey, 365, 368; insubordinate advance to Agua Nueva, 368, 373-4, 547; Buena Vista campaign [see this title]; belittles enemy, 374, 463; visits to Saltillo during battle, 383, 388, 555, 556; return to the field, 385, 391; personal part in battle, 393, 395; guerilla operations against, suppression of them, 399, =2.= 169-71, 421, 422; effect of battle on Presidential chances, =1.= 400; on capture of Tampico, 511, 512; force at time of Buena Vista battle, 548; and further operations, =2.= 165, 417; Valencia's plans against, 165, 419; leaves front, 166; ordered policy toward inhabitants, 210-1; failure to preserve discipline at Matamoros, 211, 450; and levies on Mexicans, 264; political effect of Polk's attitude, 272; and of own actions, 278, 493; candidacy as vindication of the war, 292; foreign criticism, 306-7, 507; achievement, 315-6, 318; later force, 417; not West Pointer, 513.

Taylor, Fort. See Brown.

Tea and coffee, proposed American impost, =2.= 261, 285, 482.

Tecolote, Kearny's expedition at, =1.= 292.

Tehuacán, and Santa Anna, =2.= 429.

Tehuantepec, in peace negotiations, =2.= 466.

Telégrafo, on Santa Anna as hero, =1.= 485.

Telégrafo hill at Cerro Gordo, fortifications, =2.= 42, 44; attacks on, capture, 52-5, 350, 352, 354.

Téllez, Rafael, and California expedition, =1.= 523, =2.= 447; at Mazatlán, 207, 447.

Temascalitos. See Brazito.

Temple, R. E., regiment in Taylor's force, =2.= 417.

Ten Regiment Bill, passage and amendment, =2.= 74-5, 363-4.

Tenería redoubt at Monterey, =1.= 249-250; capture, 251-3, 500; after capture, 255.

Tennessee troops, enlistments, =1.= 195; in Texas, 205; at Camargo, 211; in Victoria march, 357; in Monterey campaign, 492, 496; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 56, 57, 352, 353; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; leave Scott, 356; further call, 431.

Tenth Infantry in Taylor's force, =2.= 417, 418.

Tenth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.

Terrés, A., at Belén garita, =2.= 159, 160, 413; brigade, 369.

Terrett, G. H., at Chapultepec, =2.= 410.

Tête de pont. See Bridgehead.

Texas, effect of revolt on Santa Anna, =1.= 47; conditional recognition by Mexico, 55; American efforts to purchase, 59, 62, 418, 419; United States and revolt, recognition and neutrality, 63, 66, 422-3, 432, =2.= 311; neutrality and Gaines's expedition, =1.= 64-6, 420-2; British designs, 67; Santa Anna's threatened invasions (1842-43), 67, 70, 121; Webster's protest (1842), 69; antislavery opposition and Mexican relations, 70; Santa Fe expedition, 72, 118; annexation justified, 82-3, 432, =2.= 311, 322, 509; and European aid, =1.= 82, 86; Mexico and expected annexation, 83-6; American offers of indirect payment to Mexico, 84-6, 88-9, 91, 95, 433-6; Mexican diplomatic rupture and war preparations on annexation, 87, 126, 132, 434; as expected theatre of war, 107, 110; Europe and annexation, 113, =2.= 295, 303, 501, 502, 506; American resentment of Mexican outrages, =1.= 117; protection and question of southern boundary, 138, 153, 457, 470; Taylor's force in, 142-3, 454; annexation as cause of the war, 189, 445-6, 448, =2.= 276; and Jackson's message on claims, =1.= 428; British and French recognition of republic, 432; in peace negotiations, =2.= 135, 136, 238, 396, 398, 399, 463, 464, 469; effect of annexation on Polk's position, 272; justice of revolt, 311; and Kearny's occupation of New Mexico, 497. See also Rio Grande; Texas troops.

Texas, Fort. See Brown.

Texas troops, rangers, =1.= 143, 236; calls, 150, 480, 537; in Monterey campaign, 237, 241-4, 256, 492, 496, 501; and Santa Anna's advance, 382, 554; at Buena Vista, 389, 556; retaliation for guerillas, =2.= 169; conduct, 212, 450; in Taylor's later force, 417; in Lane's operations, 427. See also Hays; Henderson, J. P.

Theatre, Mexican, =1.= 24.

Thiers, L. A., and United States, =2.= 296.

Third Artillery, in Twiggs's division, =1.= 541; at Buena Vista, 555; in Scott's army, =2.= 77; in California, 219; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; in Taylor's later force, 417; at Huamantla, 425.

Third Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, =1.= 494.

Third Dragoons, in Scott's army, =2.= 77, 364, 432; origin, 363; in Taylor's later force, 417; in Lane's operations, 426, 427. See also Dragoons.

Third Infantry, at Fort Jesup, =1.= 140; goes to Texas, 141-2; at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 164, 167, 467; at Monterey, 250, 256, 492, 496, 502; in Harney's brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 54, 352; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 117; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Chapultepec, 410.

Third Ligero, at Monterey, =1.= 494; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 347; at Chapultepec, 410.

Third Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, =1.= 494; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 44, 347.

Thirteenth Infantry, in Taylor's force, =2.= 417.

Thom, George, topographical engineer with Scott, =2.= 366.

Thomas, G. H., at Reynosa, =1.= 204; at Buena Vista, 394.

Thompson, G. L., special mission to Mexico, =1.= 84, 85, 433.

Thompson, G. W., on Democratic dissensions, =2.= 282.

Thompson, Waddy, minister at Mexico, and decree expelling Americans, =1.= 73-4; and claims, 80, 426, 432; and Bocanegra's threat, 84; on Mexico and slavery, 188; opposes war, 189; encourages enemy, =2.= 280.

Thornton, Edward, of British legation at Mexico, and Trist mission, =2.= 130, 131, 390; and peace, 133; and reopening of negotiations, 237-9, 463; and mediation, 506.

Thornton, S. B., force captured, =1.= 149, 455.

Thucydides, on vigilance in campaign, =1.= 371; on power and justice, =2.= 323.

Thurman, A. G., on Delano's inconsistency, =2.= 277; position in House, 496.

Tibbatts, J. W., regiment in Taylor's force, =2.= 417.

Tiempo, monarchist organ, =1.= 214; on Americans, 484.

Tilden, D. R., on regulars, =2.= 320.

Tlacotálpam, Hunter at, =2.= 344.

Tlálpam. See San Agustín.

Tlaxcala, Americans at, =2.= 427.

Tobacco monopoly, mismanagement, =2.= 328.

Todos Santos, skirmish, =2.= 449.

Toluca, seat of Peña's government, =2.= 180; occupied, 184, 433.

Toluca, Valley of, Americans in, =2.= 134; aspect, 180.

Toluca battalion, at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.

Toombs, Robert, on Polk and war, =1.= 130; opposes war, 189.

Topaz, claim, =1.= 424.

Topo road at Monterey, Worth's advance, =1.= 239, 241-4, 497.

Topographical engineers with Scott, =2.= 366.

Topography of Mexico, =1.= 1. See also Physical aspect.

Tornel y Mendivil, J. M., appearance, =1.= 25; character, 46; and Santa Anna's interests, 46, 49, =2.= 83, 85; and Herrera, =1.= 56; and Butler, 62; and expulsion of Americans, 73; and Paredes, 99; hatred of United States, 103; on Texas as theatre of war, 107; and hope in privateering, 109; and the war, 213, 484; and attack on Taylor, 456; and overthrow of Paredes, 485; opposes peace negotiations (1847), =2.= 137; and clerical crusade against Americans, 142; and uprising in city, 167; and riot during armistice, 396; and Molino del Rey, 404.

Torrejón, A., attacks Thornton, =1.= 149; force at Matamoros, 158; on Taylor's line of communication, 162; at Palo Alto, 165, 167, 168; at Resaca de la Palma, 171; at Buena Vista, 390, 557; brigade in Monterey campaign, 494; at Las Bocas, 553; at Contreras, =2.= 107, 110, 378.

Totten, J. G., chief engineer, =1.= 475; at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 335, 336.

Tower, Z. B., at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 50, 56, 349; reconnoitres San Antonio, 102; at Contreras, 107, 379; engineer with Scott, 366; reconnoitres southern approach of capital, 408; and plan of attack on capital, 408.

Towns, aspect of Mexican, =1.= 19-21.

Towson, Nathan, paymaster general, =1.= 475.

Traconis, J. B., at San Juan Bautista, =2.= 200.

Trade. See Commerce.

Traill, X. F., at Buena Vista, =1.= 389.

Transportation, in Mexico, =1.= 16, 18; in Taylor's advance to Monterey, 209, 227, 482, 490, 491, 493; in Wool's march, 274; Taylor's and guerilla warfare, 399-400, =2.= 169-70; Scott's problem and guerillas, 38, 62, 77, 171, 344, 355, 365, 422, 423.

Treasury. See Finances.

Treasury notes, American war issues, =2.= 258, 260, 479-82.

Treaties and conventions, draft, of limits (1828), =1.= 60, 418; of limits (1832), 61, 419; of amity and commerce, 61, 419; claims arbitration (1838, 1839), 79, 81, 431. See also Peace.

Trias, Angel, as governor of Chihuahua, =1.= 305-6; battle of Sacramento, 306-13, 519, 520; at Rosales, =2.= 166, 419.

Trigueros, Ignacio, conference with Santa Anna, =2.= 368.

Trist, N. P., on monks, =1.= 408; and Texas boundary, 449; appointment as Polk's agent, character, =2.= 127; preconceived attitude toward Scott, 127; papers, 128; misunderstanding and quarrel with Scott, 128-9, 389; British mediation with Mexicans, 129-30, 390; reconciliation and harmony with Scott, 130, 392, 397; and douceur, 131-2; negotiations during armistice, 135-6, 138, 396-400; on Pillow, 185; reopens negotiations, 235, 463; recall, 236, 464; ignores it, 237-8, 465, 467; boundary ultimatum, 238; meetings and treaty, 239-40, 466; criticism of Polk, Polk's hatred, 244; ignored in ratification commission, 248, 473; on Scott, 316, 317; Mexican commissioners on, 323; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408; on volunteers, 513.

Triton, blockader, =2.= 448.

Trollope, Frances E., jibes, =2.= 294.

Trousdale, William, at Chapultepec, =2.= 154, 160, 410; regiment, 363.

Truxtun, wrecked, =2.= 202, 445; in Home Squadron, 442.

Tucker, George, on Walker, =2.= 480.

Tula, force at, =1.= 550, 553.

Turnbull, William, topographical engineer with Scott, =2.= 366.

Tuxpán, naval capture, =2.= 202-3, 444.

Twelfth Infantry, in Scott's army =2.= 78, 363, 422, 432; at Churubusco, 384; during Chapultepec, 408.

Twiggs, D. E., in Texas, =1.= 143; rank controversy, 144; advances to Rio Grande, 146; at Palo Alto, 164, 167; in Monterey campaign, 250, 404, 492, 496; division reorganized, 357, 541; to Tampico, 357, 365-6; at Lobos Islands, 368; landing at Vera Cruz, =2.= 26; at siege, 27, 30, 343; march of division to Cerro Gordo, 39, 45-8, 345, 349; force and artillery, 45; appearance and character as general, 48; blunders into Cerro Gordo defences and retreats, 48, 349; question of assault, 49; in the battle, 50-3, 350, 352, 354; march to Puebla, 72; division in Scott's army, 77, 356; in advance from Puebla, 92, 94, 97, 371; at Contreras, 103, 109, 380; at Churubusco, 113, 383, 385; force after the battle, 120; during armistice, 134; advance after armistice, 142, 401; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 149, 408; feint during Chapultepec, 152, 153, 409; court of inquiry on Worth, 361; on credit for Contreras, 376; governor of Vera Cruz, 457; and peace negotiations, 464.

Twiggs, Levi, at Chapultepec, killed, =2.= 156, 157; commands Marines with Scott, 366.

Tyler, John, expects war with Mexico (1842), =1.= 69; and California, 324.

Ugarte, M., and Kearny's march, =1.= 289, 294, 297.

Ulúa. See San Juan de Ulúa.

Unico, Mexican privateer, =2.= 191, 193.

Unión battalion, at Chapultepec, =2.= 408.

United States, at Monterey, =1.= 423.

University, Mexican, =1.= 14.

Upham, William, and war bill, =1.= 183.

Upper class. See Aristocracy.

Upshur, A. P., and Mexican-Texan relations, =1.= 70; protest against trade restrictions, 73; and annexation of Texas, 84.

Upton, Emory, on inadequacy of Mexico expedition, =2.= 510.

Uraga, J. López, at Palo Alto. =1.= 165; at Resaca de la Palma, 173, 174; at Monterey, 233, 494; at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 53.

Urrea, José, forays, =1.= 400, 562; at Tula, 550; at Buena Vista, 553; and plans against Taylor, =2.= 165; removed, 166; guerilla, 169.

Valencia, G., revolt, =1.= 50; plots against Santa Anna, 52; and Paredes, 99; and Santa Anna (1846), 377, 550; and Taylor's march to Victoria, 542; at Tula, 550; hostility to Santa Anna (1847), =2.= 82, 83; sent north, 84; brings northern army to capital, 88; character, 88, 375; in plan against Scott's advance, 90, 96; fails, 95; ordered to southern front, 98; size of force, 101, 375; appearance, 101; occupation of Contreras field, 101, 102, 104, 375; battle, 104-10, 377-80; escapes, 110, 380; and Trist mission, 131, 132; in a combination against Santa Anna, 134, 136; in Scott's rear, 148; plans for movement against Taylor, 165, 419; subordinates, 369; captured, 429.

Vallejo, M. G., leader in California, =1.= 319; American partisan, 328; captured, 332.

Valverde, Doniphan at, =1.= 298-9.

Van Buren, Martin, and claims on Mexico, =1.= 78-9, 429; on cause of war, 189; and California, 324; followers and Polk, =2.= 270, 281; followers and Wilmot Proviso, 286.

Vandalia, at California, =1.= 339.

Vanderlinden, Pedro, at Buena Vista, =1.= 385.

Vattel, Emerich de, on self-preservation, =1.= 136; on justification of war, 155; on enemy goods, =2.= 261.

Vázquez, Ciriaco, at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 52, 53; killed, 54, 352.

Vázquez, F. P., bishop of Puebla, on law of Jan. 11, =2.= 329; and battle of Cerro Gordo, 347; complaint on American desecration, 459.

Vázquez, J. A., at Tula, =1.= 550.

Vázquez, J. M., guerilla, =2.= 421.

Vega, R. D. de la. See La Vega.

Vegas. See Las Vegas.

Velázquez de León, Joaquin. See León.

Venado, force at, =1.= 553.

Vera Cruz, as port, =1.= 2; aspect, life, =2.= 18, 35, 221-2. See also next title.

Vera Cruz expedition, considered, risk, defences of city, =1.= 349-50, 536, =2.= 18-20, 333; adoption of project, =1.= 350-1; new troops to be raised, 351, 537; question of commander, 351-4; Scott's plan and preparations, 354, 539-41; and yellow fever, 354, =2.= 22, 23, 37, 59, 336, 339, 342, 344; responsibility thrown on Scott, =1.= 355, 540; troops from Taylor's command, his resentment, 356, 362-3, 365, 540, 543, 544, 546, 552; Scott at Brazos Island, 356; Taylor frustrates Scott's plan for conference, 356, 358, 541, 542; difficulties of assemblage at Brazos, 363-5, 544; march from Victoria to Tampico, 365-6, 546; assemblage at Tampico, Scott there, 367, 546; rendezvous at Lobos Islands, 367, =2.= 17; sailing to Antón Lizardo, 17-8, 332; policy and preparations for defence, garrison, 20-22, 334; and Polko revolt, 20, 331, 334; problem and solution of attack, 22-3, 335-6; landing of American force, 23-7, 336; general map of siege, 24; investment, 27; Scott's warning to city, 27, 337; establishment of first batteries, 27-9, 337; map of American batteries, 28; shortage of requisites for siege, 28, 29, 336, 338, 339; initial bombardment, inadequacy, 29; mosquito fleet, 29, 338; dissatisfaction of officers, 30; naval battery and later bombardment, 30, 338; conditions within city, 30-2, 337, 339; negotiations and surrender, 32-3, 340, 342; justification of bombardment, casualties in city, 33, 339, 341; condition of Scott's force, 34-5, 342; occupation, 35-6, 343; American garrison, 37; plans for naval attack on Ulúa, 201, 444; American rule of city, 220-2, 457; American evacuation, 252; foreign comment, 307; Scott's "cabinet," 335; American force at siege, 336, 343; American losses, 343; American tariff, 484. See also Mexico expedition.

Vera Cruz state, guerilla warfare, leaders, =2.= 169, 171, 421; American assessment on, 265; appeal to Mexican factions, 334; manifesto on Santa Anna, 359. See also Soto.

Veramendi, M. R., and uprising against Americans, =2.= 420.

Vergara Camp, =2.= 222.

Verónica causeway, =2.= 147, 161; advance over, 161.

Vesuvius, in attack on Tuxpán, =2.= 444; in Home Squadron, 445, 446.

Vice, prevalence in Mexico, =1.= 22, 23, 26, 27. See also Gambling; Liquor.

Vice Presidency, abolished in Mexico, =2.= 15.

Victoria, Guadalupe, as partisan leader, =1.= 32; in Itúrbide's revolt, 33; revolt against Itúrbide, 35; as President, 37-40; and Texas, 60, 418; and commercial treaty, 61.

Victoria, Taylor's march, =1.= 357-60, 541-2; Santa Anna's plan to attack, 357; Patterson's march, 360-2, 542, 543; map of his march, 360; march from, to Tampico, 365-6, 546; Taylor leaves, 368.

Victoria battalion, formation, =2.= 3; at San Antonio, 112, 384.

Vidal, Luis, and Doniphan's advance, =1.= 301, 518.

Viga garita, =2.= 148.

Vigas, as defensive point, =2.= 39; Worth at, 60.

Vigil y Alarid, J. B., receives Kearny at Santa Fe, =1.= 296.

Vigne, G. T., on American rule at Jalapa, =2.= 225.

Villages, aspect of Mexican, =1.= 19.

Villevêque, ----, French agent in Mexico, reports cited passim.

Vinton, J. R., at Monterey, =1.= 246.

Vinton, S. F., position in House, =2.= 496.

Virginia, legislature on the war, =1.= 119. See also next title.

Virginia troops, calls, =1.= 537, =2.= 364; in Taylor's later force, 417; slow response to call, 431.

Vixen, in occupation of Tampico, =1.= 279; in attack on Alvarado, =2.= 198, 199; in Tabasco expedition, 200; in attack on Tuxpán, 203, 444; at siege of Vera Cruz, 338; in Home Squadron, 446.

Voltigeur regiment, in Scott's army, =2.= 78, 422, 432; at Chapultepec, 154-7; origin and status, 363; at Churubusco, 385; at Molino del Rey, 402, 403.

Volunteers, authorization, =1.= 182, 190; errors in system, term, officers, their character, 191-2, 207, 474; Taylor and, 191, 474, =2.= 212, 450; first call and response, =1.= 192-5, 445, 475, 476; mustering, New Orleans camp, and voyage to Texas, 195-6, 475; Gaines's six-months men, 196, 205, 452, 476, =2.= 272, 511; conditions in Texan camps, morale, =1.= 205-8, 480, 481; further calls, 351, 537, =2.= 76, 364, 430, 431; Wool on, =1.= 371; term-expired men leave Scott, =2.= 63-4, 356; infamous conduct at Matamoros, 211-2, 450; excesses at Monterey, 212, 450; and elsewhere, 213, 214, 224, 225; officers and their men, 215; statistics, 318; contrast with regulars, 319-20, 512-3; authorized size of army (1847), 431; supposed number (Nov., 1847), 432. See also Army; names of states.

Von Holst, H. E. See Holst.

Voz del Pueblo, advocates war, =1.= 107, 434; on chances of expected war, 110; on Slidell mission, 436.

Wagons. See Transportation.

Walker, Sir Baldwin, and American commander, =2.= 446.

Walker, R. J., and expansion, =1.= 188; and the war, 471; and absorption of Mexico, =2.= 243, 244; opposes treaty of peace, 246; pre-war financial estimates, 255; tariff and political ambition, 257, 478; and need of more revenue, 258, 260, 480; loan negotiations, distrusted, 259, 260, 262, 480-2; proposed tax on tea and coffee, 261, 482; tariff for Mexican ports, 261-2; and levies on Mexicans, 264-5, 487; opposition to policy, 273, 281; as leader, 282; integrity, 488.

Walker, S. H., surprise, =1.= 160, 463; bold trip to Fort Brown, 464; at Monterey, 501; operations against guerillas, =2.= 172, 423; appearance, 177; at Huamantla, killed, 177, 425, 426.

Wall, William, at Punta Aguda, =1.= 562.

Wallace, Lew, enlistment of company, =1.= 195.

Wallace, W. H. L., at Buena Vista, =1.= 561.

Walpole, Frederick, on California and independence, =1.= 321.

War, simplicity, =1.= x; principles, 405.

War department, staff, =1.= 474. See also Marcy, W. L.

War of 1812, Federalist opposition, =2.= 280.

War spirit. See Attitude; Outbreak; Popularity.

Ward, H. G., British minister at Mexico, and Monroe Doctrine, =1.= 112; on Mexican character, 410; and Texas, 419.

Warehouse bill of 1846, =2.= 257, 479; success, 263; opposition, 273.

Warren, W. B., at Saltillo, =1.= 556.

Warren, in Pacific squadron, =2.= 189, 205, 447.

Washington, J. M., battery at Buena Vista, =1.= 384, 386, 389, 344, 555, 558; field battery, 450; in Wool's march, 509.

Washington, Camp, before Vera Cruz, =2.= 27.

Washington and Baltimore battalion, at Monterey, =1.= 250, 251, 492, 496; in Quitman's brigade, 541; garrison at Tampico, 546; at siege of Vera Cruz, =2.= 343.

Washington Globe, on war spirit, =1.= 132.

Washington National Intelligencer. See National Intelligencer.

Washington Union, and Polk's alleged desire for war, =1.= 446; on failure of peace negotiations, =2.= 138; challenge to Polk's critics, 284; and victorious war, 292.

Watson, S. E., brigade in Scott's army, =2.= 78, 366, 432.

Weatherford, William, at Buena Vista, =1.= 555.

Weber, J. L., on Mexican army, =1.= 408.

Webster, Daniel, Bocanegra correspondence, =1.= 68; protests further war on Texas, 69; on Mexican responsibility, 76, =2.= 508; and annexation of Texas, =1.= 82, 433; on Slidell mission, 98; on claims controversy, 120; and California, 127, 324; on Polk and war, 130; and war bill, 183, 472; and employment of volunteers, 192; and advance to Rio Grande, 458; and peace, =2.= 123, 387; opposition to the war, 126; pessimism on peace prospects, 235; and treaty of peace, 247, 472, 473; on cost of the war, 267; ineffective war criticism, 278-80, 494; on control of occupied territory, 285; on tariff, 286; and no-territory plan, 288; Presidential candidacy and success of war, 291; results of opposition, 314; and defensive-line policy, 430; on war and slavery extension, 492; and Corwin's speech, 494; position in Senate, 496; on tariff for Mexican ports, 500; on American attitude toward Mexico, 508; on volunteers, 513.

Webster, L. B., battery in Monterey campaign, =1.= 496; at Saltillo, 556, 559.

Weed, Thurlow, and Taylor's Presidential candidacy, =1.= 179.

Weightman, R. H., battery in Kearny's expedition, =1.= 288, 515; in battle of Sacramento, 310, 312.

Welles, Gideon, on Marcy, =1.= 475; on tariff, =2.= 273.

Wellington, Duke of, on Scott's expedition, =2.= 89.

Wells, J. M., guerilla attack on, =2.= 172.

Weng hieri, Alonzo, arms for Mexican army, =2.= 346.

Wentworth, John, and tax on tea and coffee, =2.= 285.

West Point, value of training, =2.= 320. See also Army.

Westcott, J. D., Jr., position in Senate, =2.= 496.

Whale fishery, American, and occupation of California, =1.= 323, =2.= 514; and Mexican War, 205, 446, 447.

Whig Almanac, on Polk, =2.= 276.

Whig party, and outbreak of the war, inconsistencies, =1.= 185, 444, 472, =2.= 267-7, 283; encourage enemy, 126, 280-1, 289, 495; and responsibility, 275; jibes at Polk, 275-6; and conduct of Whig generals, 277, 493; effect of Corwin's speech, 278, 494; character of Webster's war criticism, 278-80, 494; ghosts of the opposition to War of 1812, 280; position in war-time Congress, 283; character of opposition there, 284-6; and Wilmot Proviso, 286-7, 498; no-territory plan, 287-8, 498; protract war, 288; Clay's speech and resolutions, 289; control of House programme, 290; effect on, of success of warm, 290-1; about face, 292; results of opposition, 292-3, 501; and treaty of peace, 472; proper attitude, 493; leaders in Senate, 496; See also Opposition.

Whistler, William, in Texas, =1.= 143.

White, E. D., and Gaines' Nacogdoches expedition, =1.= 421.

Wickliffe, C. A., American confidential agent in Texas, reports cited passim.

Wilcocks, J. S., American consul at Mexico, reports cited passim.

Wilcox, C. M., value of his history, =1.= 404; on criticism at Monterey, 503.

Wilhelm, Thomas, on Taylor in Monterey campaign, =1.= 496.

Wilkes, Charles, on California and independence, =1.= 321.

Williams, Thomas, of Scott's staff, =2.= 366.

Willock, David, with Price, =1.= 516, 517.

Wilmot, David, and Wilmot Proviso, =2.= 286, 498;

Wilmot Proviso, politics, =2.= 286-7; objections, 498.

Wilson, Benito, surrender, =1.= 339.

Wilson, Henry, at Reynosa, =1.= 204; brigade in Monterey campaign, 492, 496; governor of Vera Cruz, superseded, =2.= 432, 457.

Wilson, L. D., and Twelfth Infantry, =2.= 363.

Winthrop, R. C., on cause of the war, =1.= 189, =2.= 277; on Slidell mission, =1.= 438; and peace, =2.= 123; position in the House, 496.

Women, Mexican, of upper class, =1.= 24, 25.

Wood, Allen, at Churubusco, =2.= 384;

Wood, W. M., and Sloat, =1.= 334.

Wool, J. E., as mustering officer, =1.= 195; gathering of Chihuahua force at San Antonio, 267-8; character of force, 268-9; character and discipline, appearance, 268, 269, 273, 275, 276, 509; and Harney's escapade, 269; march to Monclova, 270-3, 509; map of march, 271; halt during Monterey armistice, 273, 509; hardships and criticism of march, 273, 509-10; wagon train, 274; Parras route, 274, 510; at Parras, 275; diversion of expedition to near Saltillo, 275, 358; results of march, 276, 510; force (Dec., 1846), 283, 513; and Doniphan's expedition, 313, 521; command at Saltillo, carelessness of scouts, 370-1; diminished morale of troops, 371; on volunteers, 371; asks aid from Taylor, 372; in advance to Agua Nueva, 374; and retreat, preparations at Buena Vista, 383-5, 534, 555; in the battle, 393, 396, 558; and retreat of Mexicans, 398; march and Mexican abandonment of Rinconada Pass, 508; succeeds Taylor in command, =2.= 166; and suppression of guerilla warfare, 170; levies on Mexicans, 265, 487; and mutiny at Buena Vista, 418; and force after succeeding Taylor, 417, 432; and conduct of Texan volunteers, 450; evacuates, 475; not West Pointer, 513.

Wooster, C. F., at battle of Sacramento, =1.= 520.

Worth, W. J., in Texas, =1.= 143; rank controversy, 144; on Taylor, 144, 260, 501, 502; and advance to Rio Grande, 147, 152, 454; leaves front, 158; return, at Camargo, 211; in march on Monterey, 228, 229, 492, 496; at battle of Monterey: movement to Saltillo road, 241-4, 497; on Ampudia, 241; appearance and character, 241, 498, =2.= 186, 360, 434; capture of Federation Ridge, =1.= 244-6, 498; and Independence Hill and Bishop's Palace, 246-8, 499; Taylor neglects concerted action, 256-7; attack in city, 257-8, 501; and negotiations, 260, 501; as real victor, 261; in command at Saltillo, 264; as commander there, force, 266, 282, 541; Wool's force joins, 276; and expected attack (Dec.), 357, 541; and gathering of Vera Cruz expedition, 364, 365; and Harney, 365; embarks, 368; on war spirit, 444; and gathering of information, 490; on Taylor's lack of transportation, 491; on camp at Cerralvo, 493; landing at Vera Cruz, =2.= 25-6; and the siege, 30; and negotiations, 33; and surrender, 36; at Cerro Gordo, 50, 351, 352; pursuit to Perote, 60-1; advance to Puebla, 65-6, 69; Amozoc affair, 70; conference on Puebla, 70, 361; occupies it, 71; mistakes as ruler, Scott's rebuke, 71-2, 361; "scarecrows," 72; division in Scott's army, 77, 343, 356; in advance to Valley of Mexico, 93-4, 371; at San Agustín, 97, 374; reconnoitres San Antonio, 102-3; captures it, 112, 382; at Churubusco, 114-6, 383, 384; force after the battle, 120; during armistice, 134; study of Molino del Rey, 143; in the battle, 143-7, 402-4; at Chapultepec, 153, 156, 157, 161, 409, 410; misgivings there, 154; advance and capture of San Cosme garita, 161-2, 413-4, 416; in the city, 164, 416; in uprising, 167; cabal against Scott, arrest, 186-8, 434-6; Polk rescues, 188; discipline as governor of Saltillo, 213, 450; on excesses of volunteers, 213; armistice negotiations, 242; and lead in Mexico expedition, 345; in plan of attack by Mexicaltzingo, 372, 373; and Contreras, 381; and failure to advance after Churubusco, 386; not at conference on attack on city, 408; in command of Mexico expedition, 476; on volunteers, 513; not West Pointer, 513.

Wright, George, at Molino del Rey, wounded, =2.= 143, 144.

Wright, Silas, and Polk, =2.= 270.

Wynkoop, F. M., at Cerro Gordo, =2.= 56, 57, 353; rule at Jalapa, 224; and guerillas, 422; at Huamantla, 425, 426; in Lane's operations, 426.

Wyse, F. O., in De Russey's expedition, =2.= 418.

Yell, Archibald, and Santa Anna's advance, =1.= 383, 554; and Wool, 509; at Buena Vista, 555, 558.

Yellow fever, and Vera Cruz expedition, =1.= 354, =2.= 22, 23, 37, 59, 336, 339, 342, 344; and Mexico expedition, 42, 59, 64, 348; in navy, 195; in New Orleans, 431.

York rite of Masons. See Masons.

Yucatan, Santa Anna as commandant, =1.= 40; naval operations, 201, 204; attitude during the war, 203-4; annexation question, 472.

Yulee, D. L., position in Senate, =2.= 496.

Zacatecas, situation, =1.= 3; powder-mill, 462; Scott's intention to occupy, 184, 432.

Zacatecas state, and Santa Anna, =1.= 47, 86, 376, 550; unrest, =2.= 234; Americans in, 418; in discussion on peace, 464.

Zavala, Lorenzo de, and overthrow of Pedraza, =1.= 41.

Zerecero, Colonel, brigade, =2.= 369.

Zubieta, Pedro, on judicial system. =1.= 409.

Printed in the United States of America.

Transcriber's Note

In general, Spanish names, when used in English phrases, are printed without accents. The country is referred to as 'México' when the language is Spanish, and 'Mexico', without the accent, when in English. On occasion, the printer fails to observe this distinction. These are considered as printer's errors, and have been corrected here.

Where variants in spelling occur in quoted passages, they are always retained.

The use of accents in Spanish proper nouns is not consistent. These have been corrected, where detected, to assist in searches.

On p. 338, the reference to "37. Scott to Conner, Mar. 16" seems a corruption for "=164=Scott to Conner", which agrees with all other references to this source.

On p. 486, a reference printed mere as "=6= Memoir on Mex. finances." most likely should be "=61=Memoir on Mex. finances. Sen. 19; 30, 1, pp. 2-4 (Scott).". There is a separate reference to that memoir in note 33.2, using =61=.

Also on p. 486, the asterisk appearing in "Amer. Review, Jan., 1848, p. *2" is not explained.

The references in the Index are for both Volumes I and II. The volume number is included in bold type when the entries shift from one to the other. On occasion these volume numbers were missed and have been added.

On p. 570, the page references for California, following "in peace negotiations and treaty," are to be found in volume II. The volume number "=2.=" has been added. On p. 572, the volume reference for volume I for Chihuahua Rangers is missing and has been added. On p. 620, the references for W. J. Worth, beginning with "capture of Federation Ridge" are in volume I, and that volume number has been added.

The ordered list of numbered resources is missing #368. Nor are there any `references to that number.

The following table describes other textual issues, and the resolution of each. The [x/y] annotations mark the additions, deletions or substitutions made to the text. Minor inconsistencies of punctuation in the Notes have been silently corrected. On several occasions, letters or numbers have gone missing from the images used to prepare this text. Where the word intended is clear, these have been added silently.

p. 137 ass[s]embly Removed.

p. 185 boyant sic.

p. 192 aga[ni/in]st Corrected.

p. 217 neccessary sic.

p. 280 deser[ser]tion Removed.

p. 286 opposi[si]tion Removed.

mea[s]sure Removed.

p. 291 out-an-out sic.

p. 348 a besieging force [c]ould Restored.

Roa B[a/á]rcena, Recuerdos, 197-8 Corrected.

p. 378 a[n/i]d he believed Corrected.

p. 383 not [to] be thrown away Added.

p. 401 Caldéron / Calderón Accent corrected.

p. 434 dou[tb/bt]less Corrected.

p. 449 American casu[a]lties Added.

p. 450 He[r/n]shaw Corrected.

p. 458 Col[l]ección de Itinerarios. Removed.

p. 460 mutiliation sic.

p. 480 Pennsyl[v]ania Added.

p. 485 deficienc[i]es Added.

p. 564 Sant[e/a] Fe Corrected.

p. 571 Téléegrafo / Telégrafo Accent corrected.

p. 582 policy of neutrality, =[2].= 300; Volume added.

p. 588 Mansfield, J. K. F., at Monterey, Page =1.= [259/239], 250, 251, 500; Corrected.

p. 601 intolerable conditions facing, =1.= 134-7; Volume added.

p. 617 conditions in Texan camps, morale, =1.= 205-8, 480, 481; Volume added.

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