XXIV. WAR SERVICE OF ORGANIZED SUFFRAGISTS.[150]

XXIV. WAR SERVICE OF ORGANIZED SUFFRAGISTS.[150]

The response of the women of the United States to the call of their country as it entered the World War was as vigorous and eager as had been that of women of other more deeply involved nations. Although American women had little opportunity for giving first line aid in comparison with the women of the Allied countries they gave a second or supporting line service in organization and conservation to which they applied their full energy. These efforts brought them close in spirit to the firing line long before the Stars and Stripes were carried to Chateau Thierry and beyond.

It is the province of this chapter to review especially the work of the organized suffragists in their loyalty to their government--a government which from the first had refused to women all voice and part in its proceedings. This work may best be examined under two headings: 1. War Service of the National American Woman Suffrage Association; 2. War Service of suffragists as a whole under the direction of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense.

On Feb. 5, 1917, the president of the association, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, issued the following Call to its Executive Council of One Hundred to meet in Washington on February 23-24 to confer upon the approaching crisis in national affairs:

"To Members of the Executive Council:

"Our nation may be on the brink of war. To those who live in the interior war may seem a long way off but in the East, where public buildings, water works, forts, etc., are now under military guard and where some of the regiments of the National Guard have been called to duty, it comes as a sad realization that our country is facing a far more serious crisis than most of us have ever known. A few days may determine whether our people are to be drawn into war at once or whether the break can be patched up and the more tragic circumstances postponed or even averted.

"If the worst comes, very serious problems confront us. Our suffrage work would unquestionably come to a temporary standstill. How shall we dispose of our headquarters, our workers, our plans? How shall we hold our organization and resources meanwhile, so that our movement will not lose its prestige and place among the political issues of our country? These are questions we must not leave to answer themselves. If we are 'not the hammer, our cause will be the anvil.' Women not connected with any particular movement are calling meetings in order to pass pointless resolutions of the promised service of women if required. The big question presents itself, shall suffragists do the 'war work' which they will undoubtedly want to do with other groups newly formed, thus running the risk of disintegrating our organizations, or shall we use our headquarters and our machinery for really helpful constructive aid to our nation? The answer must be given now.

"Because this unexpected turn of public affairs creates an unprecedented condition, the majority of the National Board avails itself of the provision of the constitution which permits the call of the Executive Council on a two weeks' notice. I therefore issue this call to all Elected Officers, all Presidents, all Auxiliaries, all State Members, (auxiliaries which pay dues on a membership of 1500 or more are entitled to a State member in addition to the president), and all Chairmen of Standing and Special Committees to meet in Washington at the National Suffrage Headquarters, 1626 Rhode Island Avenue, February 23-25 inclusive, as per inclosed program. Each State is urged to send its State Congressional Chairmen also to this meeting...."

It was, therefore, for the Executive Council to decide what the association could best do to help the Government in case of war. The summons came as no surprise to the members of the National Association, since for many months their eyes had been fixed on the war-clouds gathering upon the horizon. It was evident that the United States was about to enter the World War.

When this council met at the headquarters in Washington the national officers submitted to it the draft of a Note that specified various concrete ways in which, according to their ideas, the members of the association might give aid to their country in an emergency. This draft was discussed section by section and the motion then came to adopt the Note as a whole. This called out the most important debate of the two-days' meeting, remarkable for the kindly spirit and good temper with which were set forth opposing views on a vital matter concerning which public feeling ran high. The president gave an opportunity to all "conscientious objectors" to come forward and record their names as dissenting. Almost all who did so stated that they believed women should give their assistance in case of war but they feared that an offer of help to the Government made in advance might tend to fan the war spirit and create a psychological impetus towards war. Even this minority felt that the proposed services were judiciously chosen, as they were such as would benefit the country were it at war or at peace. The majority decision was that the National Association should now abandon its unbroken custom of not participating in any matters except those relating directly to woman suffrage and that in view of the national emergency it should offer its assistance to the Government of the United States and proceed to organize for war service. The registered vote on such action was 63 to 13. As the attendance at the conference represented 36 States out of the 45 in which the association had auxiliaries, it might be considered as expressing an almost nation-wide conviction among the members of the association. On February 24 the conference issued the following Note:

"To the President and Government of the United States:

"We devoutly hope and pray that our country's crisis may be passed without recourse to war. We declare our belief that the settlement of international difficulties by bloodshed is unworthy of the 20th Century, and also our confidence that our Government is using every honorable means to avoid conflict. If, however, our nation is drawn into the maelstrom, we stand ready to serve our country with the zeal and consecration which should ever characterize those who cherish high ideals of the duty and obligation of citizenship. With no intention of laying aside our constructive forward work to secure the vote for the womanhood of this country as 'the right protective of all other rights,' we offer our services in the event that they should be needed, and, in so far as we are authorized, we pledge the loyal support of our more than two million members. We make this offer now in order to avoid waste of time and effort in an emergency; also, that the executive ability, industry and devotion of our women, trained through years of arduous endeavor, may be utilized, with all other national resources, for the protection of our country in its time of stress. We propose that a National Committee be formed at once, composed of a representative from each national organization of women willing to aid in war work, if the need arises. The object shall be to establish a clearing house between the Government and those organizations in order that service may be rendered in the most expeditious manner. With this end in view we recommend that each component organization list its resources and report to this central committee concerning the definite work it is prepared to do. To further the practical application of this suggestion our association declares its willingness to undertake the following departments of work:

"I. The Establishing of Employment Bureaus for Women.--Through its local, State and national headquarters to register the names and qualifications of women available for occupations which men will leave to enter the army; to supply these women to employers and to protect the work of such women.

"II. The increase of the Food Supply by the Training of Women for Agricultural Work and by the Elimination of Waste. The aid of the Department of Agriculture will be sought in planning systematic courses for women to accomplish these purposes. The cultivation by women of garden plots and vacant lots in cities will be encouraged at the same time that the larger importance of regular farming is urged.

"III. The Red Cross.--As the Red Cross, in which many of our members are zealous workers, is already equipped to render hospital, medical and general supply service, we offer our organized service in other fields and we promise continued cooperation with the Red Cross as needed.

"IV. Americanization.--A problem unknown to other lands will become accentuated in the event of war. Within our borders are eight millions of aliens, who by birth, tradition and training will find it difficult, if not impossible, to understand the causes which have led to this war. War invariably breeds intolerance and hatred and will tend to arouse antagonisms inimical to the best interests of the nation. With the desire to minimize this danger, our association, extending as it does into every precinct of our great cities and into the various counties of the States, offers to conduct classes in school centers wherein national allegiance shall be taught, emphasizing tolerance, to the end that the Stars and Stripes shall wave over a loyal and undivided people.

"V. Conference Committee.--In order to carry out our expressed desire and purpose, a committee of three is hereby ordered appointed to confer with the proper authorities of the Government. If need arises, this committee shall be the intermediary between the Government and our association."

Signed, Executive Council, National American Woman Suffrage Association.

by Anna Howard Shaw, honorary president; Carrie Chapman Catt, president; Helen Guthrie Miller, first vice-president; Katharine Dexter McCormick, second vice-president; Esther G. Ogden, third vice-president; Emma Winner Rogers, treasurer; Mrs. Thomas Jefferson Smith, recording secretary; Nettie Rogers Shuler, corresponding secretary; Pattie Ruffner Jacobs, first auditor; Heloise Meyer, second auditor.

The conference ended on Saturday and on Sunday afternoon a public mass meeting was held. Poli's Theater was filled by a representative audience and on the platform were four members of the Cabinet: Secretaries Baker, McAdoo, Daniels and Houston, with their wives; also United States Senators, Representatives and many other prominent people, including Miss Margaret Wilson, the daughter of the President. The meeting was opened with an address by Mrs. Catt on The Impending Crisis, expressing the hope that after the war there would arise a truer democracy than ever known before and that the world would never see another war. The Note to President Wilson was read by Mrs. Ida Husted Harper and handed to Secretary of War Baker. In accepting it he paid a tribute to the aspirations of women and expressed the belief that at the close of the war the United States would take its place in a concert of neutral nations and having practiced justice at home it would have earned the right to help establish international justice. Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton delighted the rather tense audience with her inimitable humor and Dr. Shaw closed the meeting with one of her strongest speeches. The addresses of Mrs. Catt and Dr. Shaw emphasized not only the desire of women to do effective patriotic service in time of stress but also their wish that a more civilized way than by the waste and destructiveness of war might be found to settle international disputes.

President Wilson immediately answered as follows:

"The Secretary of War has transmitted to me the Resolutions presented to him at the meeting held on Sunday afternoon, February 25, under the auspices of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. I want to express my great and sincere admiration of the action taken.

Cordially and sincerely yours, Woodrow Wilson."

On April 6, 1917, the United States declared that a state of war with Germany existed. News of the severance of diplomatic relations elicited a deep and reverberating response from the millions of suffragists over the country. At the New York and Washington headquarters of the National Association telephone calls and telegrams were received all day, as State by State the suffrage organizations proffered concerted action with the national on any program of constructive service which it might decide to offer to the Government. The National Suffrage Association at once commenced its war work on the lines adopted at the Washington conference. This comprised departments under four sections: Thrift; Food Production; Industrial Protection of Women and Americanization. Branches of these four sections had already been formed by all its State auxiliaries and Mrs. McCormick, its second vice-president, had been appointed general chairman of the War Service Department. In many States the president of the suffrage association became chairman of the War Service Committee. Thus the suffragists of the United States started their war activities with as much vigor as they had been accustomed to put into efforts for their own cause.

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There had been created in August, 1916, by an Act of Congress, the Council of National Defense, composed of the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce and Labor. This council was formed in order that an emergency might not find the country without a central agency to direct the mobilization of troops back of the regular army. It was not an executive body; its function was to consider and advise. By a wise provision of the Congressional Act the formation of subordinate agencies was authorized and upon the declaration of war advantage of this was quickly taken. Large fields of action were mapped out and assigned to committees on which were appointed the foremost men and women of the country. It was at once evident that the women of the United States had a definite and powerful role to play in the great war and the council decided that "for the purpose of coordinating the women's preparedness movement a central body of woman should be formed under the Council of National Defense." On April 19, 1917, the director, Secretary of War Baker, telegraphed to Dr. Anna Howard Shaw that Secretary of the Interior Lane and he would like to consult her in regard to important matters concerning the relations of women to the council. She was on a lecture tour in the South but arranged to meet with them in Washington on April 27. On April 21, before the time for this meeting, the Council of National Defense voted that a Woman's Committee be formed with the following personnel: Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick, Mrs. Josiah Evans Cowles, Mrs. Philip North Moore, Mrs. Antoinette Funk, Miss Ida Tarbell, Miss Maude Wetmore, Mrs. Joseph R. Lamar. Later Miss Agnes Nestor and Miss Hannah J. Patterson were added. Of the eleven members of the committee all were prominent suffragists except Miss Tarbell, Mrs. Lamar and Miss Wetmore, who were well-known "antis." It was learned that the names had been carefully considered by the council. Dr. Shaw was designated as chairman of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense and asked to hold a meeting in Washington at the earliest possible date. Its headquarters were opened in this city and the members accepted their appointments as a call by the Government to the service of the country.

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In December, 1917, the 49th annual convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association was held at Washington. The chairman of its War Service Department, Mrs. McCormick, described the combination of efforts desirable between its branches and those of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense, saying that such a combination was essential to efficient war-service by the women of the country. Comprehensive reports were made of the activities of the four sections by their chairmen which may be read in full in the Handbook of the association for 1917 and space can be used here only for the briefest summaries.

(1) Thrift and Elimination of Waste. The chairman, Mrs. Walter McNab Miller, first vice-president of the association, said in part: "After consultation with Assistant Secretary of Agriculture Vrooman and the heads of Economics and Extension Departments and the Children's Bureau, a letter was sent to each State suffrage president outlining the plan of work and asking that a chairman be appointed to inaugurate and carry out the Thrift program. Food conservation was the subject stressed, for the experience of the European countries made it of prime importance. It is a matter of interest that the original food outline sent out in April contained all the suggestions afterwards insisted upon by Mr. Hoover, and the outline on Clothing contained the same advice as was later given out by the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense. The response from the southern States was especially gratifying. I have spoken 100 times for Thrift, travelled 6,000 miles, sent out 144 form letters and written 100 individual letters. Reports from States where Thrift Committees have been at work show constantly increasing interest and the gradual adoption of a definite line of effort."

(2) Food Production. The chairman, Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, treasurer of the association, after speaking of the cooperation received from the Department of Agriculture, said in part: "We appealed to all State suffrage presidents to appoint chairmen and encourage their local leagues to cooperate in every way possible in increasing the food supply and a splendid response came. We urged the importance of enlisting women to undertake practical gardening or farming and to provide training for women to this end. We urged the opening in every State of two or three Farm Employment Bureaus for women through which graduates of Agricultural Colleges and others with less training could be placed on farms, and farmers who were progressive enough to want women's help could be reasonably sure of securing it. We arranged with the largest overalls company in the United States to design and put out a suitable farm uniform for women, which was extensively sold and used.... The reports at the end of the season testified to the millions of gardens worked by suffragists, to the thousands who helped on farms or went to farm training schools, to canning kitchens and home canning on a scale hitherto unthought-of."

(3) Industrial Protection of Women. The chairman, Miss Ethel M. Smith, said in part:

"This committee was created by the National Suffrage Board to secure women workers to fill the places of men called for military service and it promised to 'protect the work of such women.' A letter was sent to five hundred Chambers of Commerce over Mrs. Catt's signature, asking for their cooperation in behalf of women workers against the danger of excessive overtime and underpay. The slogan of 'Equal Pay for Equal Work' was utilized and vigilance committees were planned for each State to note the conditions in industrial localities and report back to Washington. The questions of equal pay for equal work and equal opportunity for women were then taken up with the Government departments, which have been quite as unfair to women employees as have private firms. The scale of pay is notoriously less than for men, and women have been excluded from the civil service examinations for many positions which they are well equipped to fill. We therefore sent a letter to the Departments of War, Navy, State and Commerce where the discrimination had been proved, asking whether they would not modify their regulations to give women equal chances with men, and, now that men were needed for the army, give women the clerical positions in preference to men. We published these letters and received favorable replies from all but the State Department." Miss Smith told of the discovery that women in the Bureau of Engraving, under the Treasury Department, were working twelve hours a day seven days in the week; of the protest of her committee sent through Mrs. Catt to Secretary McAdoo and of his order restoring the eight-hour day and removing all cause of complaint."

(4) Americanization. The chairman, Mrs. Frederick P. Bagley, said that her first act was to secure three wise and experienced suffragists to form with her a central committee, Mrs. Shuler, corresponding secretary of the National Suffrage Association; Mrs. Robert S. Huse of New Jersey, and Mrs. Winona Osborn Pinkham, executive secretary of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association. A plan for Americanization work was printed in the Woman Citizen, June 30, 1917, and was sent to each State president with a letter asking for the appointment of a State chairman. Mrs. Bagley's thorough resume of the work of her committee filled eleven pages of the printed convention report and among the various branches described were recruiting in the foreign tenement quarters for attendance at the public schools; securing cooperation with foreign leaders and with existing agencies for Americanization work; enlisting the cooperation of employers in providing school facilities for employees; teaching English in the homes where the women had not been able to attend school and aiding in the carrying on of the day school for immigrant women now established in the North End of Boston. She told of two new departments, Americanization for rural districts and citizenship classes for women voters. She urged, not only the necessity of schools for adult foreigners but the desirability of good ones that would hold their attention and she made a special plea for the immigrant women. She also called attention to the imperative need for teaching patriotism.

The plan of work recommended by the Executive Council and adopted by this convention provided that the association during 1918 should continue the four departments and add the Woman's Hospital Unit in France and Child Welfare; that these six departments be placed under the direction of a committee, the chairman of which should be a member of the national suffrage board; that each State suffrage auxiliary be asked to establish a War Service Committee, composed of chairmen of the above sections, with an additional one on Liberty Bonds. This Committee of Eight was to direct the war work for each State in cooperation with the State division of the Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense. The Land Army Section was added in the spring of 1918 and took the place of the Food Production section. The name of the Thrift section was changed to that of Food Conservation; Miss Hilda Loines became its chairman and its work was combined as closely as possible with the similar section in the Woman's National Defense Committee directed by Mrs. McCormick.

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The National Suffrage Association held no convention in 1918 but it met in March, 1919, at St. Louis for its 50th Anniversary. The Armistice had been declared and the final reports of the association's war activities were rendered. In that of the War Service Department the chairman, Mrs. McCormick, stated that the reason the reports did not cover all six of its sections but only Land Army, Americanization and Oversea Hospitals was that the other sections, after the convention of 1917, were merged with the similar sections of the Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense. Detailed statements regarding Food Conservation and Industrial Protection for women in which the suffrage committees took so large a part, may be found in the reports of the Government Agriculture and Labor Departments. The Child Welfare Department was combined with that of the Woman's National Defense Committee and both were put under the guidance of Miss Julia Lathrop, chief of the Children's Bureau of the United States Department of Labor. Miss Lathrop made an address to the convention in St. Louis on this subject which was published in full in its Handbook for 1919.

In the section Industrial Protection of Women Mrs. Gifford Pinchot had followed Miss Ethel M. Smith as chairman and in a brief report told how nominal the function of her committee had recently become, owing to the fact that all agencies working in this field had been consolidated under the direction of the U. S. Department of Labor. Before this amalgamation three interesting lines of effort had been carried forward by this committee: An attempt was made to secure a representation of women on the War Labor Board, which did not succeed; action was taken against the decision of this board in dismissing women street car conductors in Cleveland, O., and the committee's position was upheld; an unsuccessful effort was made through Mr. Gompers to have women appointed on the committee of labor delegates who went abroad to confer with the labor representatives of other countries during the Peace Conference.

Land Army. Miss Hilda Loines, chairman, said in part:

"The training of women for agricultural work as a war necessity was early foreseen by the National Suffrage Association and was made a part of its program of war service. Early in the spring of 1917 a number of organizations undertook to register and place women who could and would do agricultural labor. Bureaus were opened for their registry and field workers were sent out to secure promises of employment from the farmers. This was difficult at first but as the season wore on and there were no men to cultivate the crops and pick the fruit the farmers in desperation turned to the women. During the spring and summer of 1918 the Woman's Land Army was organized in thirty States, and about 15,000 women were placed on the land, 10,000 in units and 5,000 in emergency groups. The majority of these women had had no previous experience and most of them could receive little training but they did practically every kind of farm labor, ploughing, planting, cultivating and harvesting. They cut, stacked and loaded hay, corn and rye and filled the silos; worked on big western farms and orchards, dairy farms, truck farms, private estates and home gardens; did poultry work, beekeeping and teaming; learned to handle tractors, harvesters and other farm machinery. Their efficiency is best proved by the change of attitude from skepticism to enthusiastic appreciation on the part of the farmers for whom they worked."

Americanization. The chairman, Mrs. Bagley, continued her report of the preceding year of the work in connection with the Councils of Defense of the several States "by means of the local machinery of the various suffrage organizations." She urged the teaching of English to aliens as the first step in Americanization, with emphasis on the point that the immigrant women must not be left out. "This Americanization is a function peculiarly appropriate to suffragists," she said, "as a woman married to an alien must herself forever remain an alien unless her husband becomes a citizen, and as the States enfranchise women hundreds of thousands will still be left without the vote. Every married alien whom suffragists help to take out naturalization papers means not only a vote for him but also for his wife.

During the convention in December, 1917, the plan for Oversea Hospitals was presented to the delegates by Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany of New York, at the request of Mrs. Catt, the national president, to whom the matter had been suggested by the action of the Scottish Suffrage Societies in sending to France in 1914 the Scottish Women's Hospitals, units managed and staffed entirely by women, and was accepted. Mrs. Tiffany was made chairman of the Hospital Committee and Mrs. Raymond Brown director of the work in France. At the convention of March, 1919, in St. Louis, Mrs. Brown made a full report, from which the following is an extract.

"At its convention in 1917 the National Suffrage Association, as part of its war work, agreed to support a hospital unit in France and undertook to raise $125,000 for its maintenance for a year. This unit was already in process of organization by a group of women physicians of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children and was to be composed entirely of women. Since the U. S. Government does not accept women in its Medical Reserve Corps, and at that time neither it nor the Red Cross was sending women surgeons for service abroad, the unit was offered to the French Government, which accepted it by cable. The first group of the unit sailed on Feb. 17, 1918, and expected to establish a hospital for refugees in the devastated area. Before they could be installed the villages to which they had been assigned were taken in a new drive by the Germans and about half the group, headed by Dr. Caroline Finley, was suddenly called upon for hospital service within the war zone. The hospital to which they were assigned was evacuated before they could reach it and they were finally placed in Chateau Ognon, a few miles north of Senlis on the road to Compiegne.

"Soon after the first group was sent into the war zone, the French Government asked the remainder of the unit to go to the Department of Landes in the south of France in order to establish there a hospital for refugees. The Germans were still advancing and as the refugees poured into the south the government was trying to build villages of barracks for them. When Dr. Alice Gregory with a group of fifteen women, including a carpenter, plumber, chemist and chauffeur, reached Labouheyre, early in April, a site had still to be found for the hospital and the buildings were still to be built, furnished and equipped. The barracks were erected in due time by the government; the equipment was the gift of the American Red Cross; the planning, directing purchasing and installing were done by our women. Dr. Marie Formad was finally put in charge. Later, at the request of the French Service de Sante, a 300-bed hospital unit for gas cases was organized by the Women's Oversea Hospitals and was started on its way from America to France. This was the first hospital unit exclusively for gas cases and had a personnel solely of women. Its principal group in Lorraine cared for 19,307 cases in three months."

The Oversea Hospitals service was divided and sent from point to point to answer the many demands of war, having charge of hospitals and treating tens of thousands of cases. "With the signing of the Armistice," Mrs. Brown's report said, "the great problem in France became the care of refugees and repatriates, who were returning at the rate of thousands a day, most of them utterly destitute and in need of medical care, to homes in many cases completely destroyed." The hospital and dispensary service was therefore continued. Dr. Finley and her group were sent to Germany and here met the returned prisoners of war, who were in desperate condition.

"The work of the Oversea Hospitals has been handled with great economy," the report said, "and has cost less than was anticipated, both because of the large amount of volunteer work and because the units in French military hospitals received French rations. The State suffrage organizations have contributed most generously." A list was furnished of the trucks and ambulances given by the women's organizations in the United States. "The total number of women sent to France with the hospitals was seventy-four, who came from all parts of the United States. Several of the doctors received the French equivalent of a commission; three obtained the Croix de Guerre and two were decorated with the Medaille d'Honneur."

The report of Mrs. Henry Wade Rogers, treasurer of the National Association, given at the convention, stated that funds for the hospitals service to the amount of $133,340 had passed through her hands. Their disbursement, carefully audited, is published in the Handbook of the association for 1918, page 111.

At the annual convention of the National Suffrage Association held in Chicago, in February, 1920, the report of Mrs. Rogers stated that Oversea Hospitals funds to the amount of $178,000 had passed through the treasury and a balance of $35,000 remained. (See Handbook, page 116.) The question of the disposition of this balance was put to the convention, which voted that it be divided equally between the work in France of the Women's Oversea Hospitals and the American Hospital for French Wounded in Rheims. Mrs. Tiffany, chairman of the committee, and Mrs. Brown, director in France, made a final report to the convention, stating that the work in France was continued until September 1, 1919, in order to care for the French disabled soldiers, and to maintain hospitals, dental clinics, dispensaries, ambulances, motor cars, etc. Such work proceeded in connection with the American Fund for French Wounded. The principal group was transferred from Lorraine to Rheims in April, with Dr. Marie Lefort still in charge. On September 1, with its mission finished, the hospital and all its equipment were presented to the American Fund for French Wounded. The Mayor sent a letter to Dr. Lefort which said in part: "The Municipality of Rheims would like to express to you and the Women's Oversea Hospitals its profound gratitude for the splendid assistance you have given our population. France and the city of Rheims are deeply moved." The full equipment of the smaller hospital groups was given to the French government for its own hospital service. Dr. Caroline Finley returned to the U. S. in August, still a Lieutenant in the French Army. The Prince of Wales, who was in New York, invited her on board H. M. S. Renown, where he conferred on her the Order of the British Empire in recognition of her work at Metz, where British prisoners stricken with influenza were cared for as they arrived from German prison-camps.

This ends the story of the Women's Oversea Hospitals, for which the National Suffrage Association willingly raised nearly $200,000 at the crisis in its own fifty-year movement. Desks for suffrage work were vacant over all the country while their occupants were cheerfully giving their best service to the demands of the war. For the vast majority this took the forms indicated by the above committee reports. In addition there were the activities of money-raising; caring for children and other dependents; safeguarding public health; the usual tasks of nursing and other Red Cross work; the distribution of food administration pledge cards, the organizing of food committees in all townships under the direction of district captains, with "clean-up" days and "elimination of waste" days in counties; canning demonstrations throughout communities; alloting and directing garden plots; holding normal training schools to teach gardening; making collections for the Red Cross and other war funds, with countless other activities. Liberty Bonds in the second, third and fourth campaigns to the amount of one-fourth of the total sales were disposed of through the National Suffrage Association, its State branches and women throughout the country.

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While the suffragists were devoting themselves to war-service they did not lay down arms for their own cause, which had reached a stage where further delay was impossible. There was a general tacit understanding that, while the war needs of their country were and should be uppermost, their hands must never relinquish the suffrage throttle, and the double tasks of war work and suffrage work were undertaken in a fine spirit of devotion to both. Nevertheless, the anti-suffrage women seized upon the occasion to accuse them of disloyalty, pacifism, pro-Germanism and of placing the interests of woman suffrage above those of the nation! These attacks were repeatedly made in the press and on the platform, Mrs. Catt, the president of the National Association, being especially the victim. At times they grew so virulent that it became necessary to answer them through the newspapers.

Her letters were published with headlines and widely quoted. One of these letters, under date of Oct. 2, 1917, addressed to Mrs. Margaret C. Robinson of Cambridge, Mass., chairman of the press committee of the National Anti-Suffrage Association, began: "My attention has been called to the fact that you are circulating by public letter and bulletin various statements that impugn my loyalty as an American and thereby put in jeopardy my good name and reputation. These assertions are made by you either with wilful intent to injure my name and standing in the community or without having made an effort to establish their proof. I hereby set forth the facts which have been distorted by you into untruths, either by contrary statements or by implications." It ended: "In the name of our common womanhood, I ask you to meet the suffrage issue fairly and squarely, and I warn you that for personal attacks tending to injure my name or those of my fellow-workers, you will be held responsible."

Another letter dated Nov. 1, 1917, addressed by Mrs. Catt to Mrs. James W. Wadsworth, Jr., president of the Anti-Suffrage Association; Mrs. Robinson and Miss Alice Hill Chittenden, president of the New York State Anti-Suffrage Association, took up and refuted the charges saying: "To every single and collective insinuation, implication or direct charge, published or spoken in any place at any time by professional anti-suffrage campaigners, which has conveyed the impression that I or any other officially responsible leader of the National Suffrage Association has by word or deed been disloyal to our country, I make complete and absolute denial here and now." It said in closing: "In this connection I wish to call your attention to the fact that the late John Hay, the father of the president of the National Association of Anti-suffragists, had his own experiences with people who challenged his loyalty and 'cursed me,' he says, 'for being the tool of England.' In May, 1898, when our country was at war with Spain, John Hay actually had the temerity to draft a peace project, although he knew, so he said, that he 'would be lucky if he escaped lynching for it.' Are you willing to apply to Mrs. Wadsworth's father the chain of alleged reasoning that you apply to me, and, because of his great faith in and hope for peace, call him a traitor to his country?"

These letters had no effect on the abuse and misrepresentation of the suffragists but the charges were continued by the leaders of the "antis" until after the close of the war. There can be no doubt that the splendid war work of the suffragists was a principal factor in the submission and ratification of the Federal Amendment. Their instant and universal response in New York to the call of the Government, and later the actual conscription of all women over sixteen years of age by the Governor, proved that not only were women capable of war service but actually liable for it. These facts were largely responsible for the big majority vote cast by the men for woman suffrage in November, 1917, and the action of this great State paved the way for the success of the Federal Amendment in Congress.

It is impossible in this brief space to set forth the achievements of the Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense, whose chairman, Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, was honorary president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and had been for eleven years its president; two of whose members, Mrs. Catt and Mrs. McCormick, were now its president and vice-president, while five of the remaining eight were prominent suffragists. Its accomplishments were on so large a scale and embodied so much important detail that only a full review could do them justice. The facts attested to the work of an organization which built up branches in forty-eight States comprising 18,000 component units and capable in at least one instance of reaching as many as 82,000 women in a single State. The reader is referred to the excellent account by Mrs. Emily Newell Blair--The Woman's Committee, United States Council of National Defense, an interpretative report. (Government Printing Office.)

From the time Dr. Shaw called the first meeting, May 2, 1917, to the middle of March, 1919, the committee labored unceasingly to perform its great task. On New Year's Day, 1918, a telegram to Dr. Shaw from Queen Mary expressed the "thanks of the women of the British Empire for the inspiring words of encouragement and assurance from the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense of America."

On Nov. 11, 1918, the Armistice was signed and on the 18th representatives of New York organizations of women met in the ball-room of the Hotel McAlpin at the call of Mrs. Catt. The second vice-president, Miss Mary Garrett Hay, presided and Mrs. Catt offered the following resolution:

"Whereas, the great war just ended has been a partnership of all the people of all belligerent countries composing two vast armies, one of soldiers in the trenches and one of civilians who formed a second line of defense to supply the needs of the fighters, thus making it possible to fight; and whereas, the war could not have been carried to a victorious conclusion without the aid of women in civilian activities, as is shown by the testimony of men in high authority in every belligerent land; and whereas, all truly civilized, intelligent people now wish to make a final end of war and to organize the forces of civilization so as to make future war impossible; and whereas, women compose half of society with very special and peculiar interests to be conserved and protected--all too frequently overlooked by men--therefore

Resolved, that we urge the President of the United States to give women adequate representation on the United States delegation to the Peace Conference to meet in Paris. We urge him to select women whose broad experience and sympathies render them competent to support and defend every point which bears upon the establishment of liberty for all the peoples of the world and especially upon the proper protection of women and children in peace and war. We urge him to select women who may be relied upon to uphold free representative institutions, based upon the will of the people in every land in which independence is established, in order that democratic institutions may make an end of war."

No attention was paid to this resolution by the President or the Government and no women were appointed on the Peace delegation as a recognition of their work and sacrifice.

The Woman's Committee gradually closed up its affairs and at a meeting on Feb. 12, 1919, Dr. Shaw was instructed to write to the Secretary of War that it believed its work to be at an end and tendered its resignation to take effect when, in the judgment of his Council, its services should no longer be required. This resignation was accepted by President Wilson on February 27 with a splendid tribute to the work of the committee. The announcement was formally made on March 15, and the committee passed out of existence.[151] Two of its members, the chairman and the resident director, Miss Hannah J. Patterson, received from the Government in May the distinguished service medal.

Secretary of War Newton D. Baker in a Foreword to Mrs. Blair's report said: "The chairman of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense from the beginning was Dr. Anna Howard Shaw--ripened by a long life devoted intensely to the advocacy of great causes; cheered and heartened by recent victories for the greatest cause for which she had fought in her long and unusual life; loved and honored by her sex as their leader and by men as a citizen combining in a rare degree high qualities of intellect, force of character and persuasive eloquence in speech. She and her committee wrought a work the like of which had never been seen before, and her reward was to see its success and then to be caught up as she was engaged in another high and fierce conflict into which she threw herself when hostilities ceased in order that this great work might be but a helpful part of a greater thing in the hope and history of mankind.... The Woman's Committee was the leader of the women of America. It informed and broadened the minds of women everywhere, and with no thought of propaganda it made an argument by producing results. The Council of National Defense fades out of this work and the Woman's Committee looms large--and yet larger still is the American woman...."

It was the earnest desire of Dr. Shaw and the suffragists that she might now give her important services to the Federal Suffrage Amendment, which was at a critical stage, but this hope could not be realized. Former President Taft and President Lowell of Harvard University, both of whom had done valuable work for the Peace Treaty and the League of Nations, were starting in May, 1919, on a speaking tour to advocate the League in fifteen States and they urged Dr. Shaw to cancel all other engagements and join them on this tour. For two years she had been giving her time and labor without price and now she had commenced again to fill her own lecture dates. She was going later to Spain as the guest of Dr. M. Carey Thomas, president of Bryn Mawr College, for a well-earned and much-needed rest, but at this call everything was given up willingly and cheerfully to continue her service to her country. As the tour was arranged, every night was to be spent on a sleeping car and Dr. Shaw was to speak only once in twenty-four hours. She could not, however, resist the pleading of people in different cities and at Indianapolis she filled eight engagements of various kinds in one day. The following day at Springfield, Ills., she succumbed to her old foe, pneumonia. She received every possible care in the hospital and after two weeks recovered sufficiently to make the journey to her home at Moylan, Pennsylvania. She had, however, put too great a strain on her vital forces and died July 2, at the age of seventy-two.

* * * * *

Whatever may have been the unthinking verdict passed upon suffragists and their activities prior to the World War, it was thereafter widely acknowledged that in the national crisis they played a leading role in the support and defense of the nation. While it is a matter for regret that their war record cannot be chronicled as fully and definitely as can their work for suffrage, nevertheless, even a casual examination will show that it was a heroic one and none the less so because it was frequently merged, through far-sighted efficiency, in the war-service of all American women, of which it formed a distinguished part.

FOOTNOTES:

[150] The History is indebted for this chapter to Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick, first vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and general chairman of its War Service Department.

[151] It was a question long and seriously discussed whether this vast organization should be wholly dissolved or whether it should be continued in the various States for civic and humanitarian purposes. Dr. Shaw was strongly in favor of preserving it and her earnest appeal will be found in Mrs. Blair's Report, page 137.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER III.

THE DEATH OF MRS. STANTON.

From the address of an old and valued friend, the Rev. Moncure D. Conway of Virginia, who was many years at the head of the Ethical Culture Society of London, at the funeral of Elizabeth Cady Stanton in her home in New York City, Oct. 28, 1902.

A lighthouse on the human coast is fallen. To vast multitudes the name Elizabeth Cady Stanton does not mean so much a person as a standard inscribed with great principles. Roses will grow out of her ashes; individual characters will give a resurrection to her soul and genius, but the immortality she has achieved is that of her long and magnificent services to every cause of justice and reason. Beginning her career amid ridicule and obloquy, all the worth she put into her life has not only been returned to her personally in the love and friendship which have surrounded her and made life happy even to her last day, but has been returned to her tenfold in the successes of her cause.

Could I utter to her my farewell I would say: Revered and beloved friend, you pass to your rest after a brave and beautiful life; you have journeyed by a path of unsullied light. If ever there shall be established in America a republic--a Constitution and Government free from all caste and privilege, whether of color, creed or sex--its founders will be discovered not in those who purchased by their valor and blood mere independence of territory in which a government allied with slavery was founded, but among those who, while faithful to heart and home, toiled unweariedly for an ideal civilization.

A few touching words were spoken by the Rev. Antoinette Brown Blackwell, a contemporary in the early days of the movement for woman suffrage. At Woodlawn Cemetery the committal to earth was pronounced by the Rev. Phoebe A. Hanaford, another companion in the long contest.

* * * * *

MISS ANTHONY'S LAST BIRTHDAY LETTER TO MRS. STANTON, WRITTEN A FEW DAYS BEFORE HER SUDDEN DEATH.

My Dear Mrs. Stanton:--

I shall indeed be happy to spend with you November 12, the day on which you round out your four-score and seven, over four years ahead of me, but in age as in all else I follow you closely. It is fifty-one years since first we met and we have been busy through every one of them, stirring up the world to recognize the rights of women. The older we grow the more keenly we feel the humiliation of disfranchisement and the more vividly we realize its disadvantages in every department of life and most of all in the labor market.

We little dreamed when we began this contest, optimistic with the hope and buoyancy of youth, that half a century later we would be compelled to leave the finish of the battle to another generation of women. But our hearts are filled with joy to know that they enter upon this task equipped with a college education, with business experience, with the fully admitted right to speak in public--all of which were denied to women fifty years ago. They have practically but one point to gain--the suffrage; we had all. These strong, courageous, capable young women will take our place and complete our work. There is an army of them where we were but a handful. Ancient prejudice has become so softened, public sentiment so liberalized and women have so thoroughly demonstrated their ability as to leave not a shadow of doubt that they will carry our cause to victory.

And we, dear, old friend, shall move on to the next sphere of existence--higher and larger, we cannot fail to believe, and one where women will not be placed in an inferior position but will be welcomed on a plane of perfect intellectual and spiritual equality.

Ever lovingly yours, Susan B. Anthony.

Practically every magazine in the United States contained an article about Mrs. Stanton and her great work and there was scarcely a newspaper that did not have an editorial. An extended account, with tributes from Miss Anthony, will be found in her Life and Work, Chapter LXI.

In the Review of Reviews for December, 1902, appeared an appreciation from the writer of these volumes.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER IV.

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES.

The following Declaration of Principles, prepared by Mrs. Catt, Dr. Shaw, Miss Blackwell and Mrs. Harper, was adopted by the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1904.

When our forefathers gained the victory in a seven years' war to establish the principle that representation should go hand in hand with taxation, they marked a new epoch in the history of man; but though our foremothers bore an equal part in that long conflict its triumph brought to them no added rights and through all the following century and a quarter, taxation without representation has been continuously imposed on women by as great tyranny as King George exercised over the American colonists.

So long as no married woman was permitted to own property and all women were barred from the money-making occupations this discrimination did not seem so invidious; but to-day the situation is without a parallel. The women of the United States now pay taxes on real and personal estate valued at billions of dollars. In a number of individual States their holdings amount to many millions. Everywhere they are accumulating property. In hundreds of places they form one-third of the taxpayers, with the number constantly increasing, and yet they are absolutely without representation in the affairs of the nation, of the State, even of the community in which they live and pay taxes. We enter our protest against this injustice and we demand that the immortal principles established by the War of the Revolution shall be applied equally to women and men citizens.

As our new republic passed into a higher stage of development the gross inequality became apparent of giving representation to capital and denying it to labor; therefore the right of suffrage was extended to the workingman. Now we demand for the 4,000,000 wage-earning women of our country the same protection of the ballot as is possessed by the wage-earning men.

The founders took an even broader view of human rights when they declared that government could justly derive its powers only from the consent of the governed, and for 125 years this grand assertion was regarded as a corner-stone of the republic, with scarcely a recognition of the fact that one-half of the citizens were as completely governed without their consent as were the people of any absolute monarchy in existence. It was only when our government was extended over alien races in foreign countries that our people awoke to the meaning of the principles of the Declaration of Independence. In response to its provisions, the Congress of the United States hastened to invest with the power of consent the men of this new territory, but committed the flagrant injustice of withholding it from the women. We demand that the ballot shall be extended to the women of our foreign possessions on the same terms as to the men. Furthermore, we demand that the women of the United States shall no longer suffer the degradation of being held not so competent to exercise the suffrage as a Filipino, a Hawaiian or a Porto Rican man.

The remaining Territories within the United States are insisting upon admission into the Union on the ground that their citizens desire "the right to select their own governing officials, choose their own judges, name those who are to make their laws and levy, collect, and disburse their taxes." These are just and commendable desires but we demand that their women shall have full recognition as citizens when these Territories are admitted and that their constitutions shall secure to women precisely the same rights as to men.

When our government was founded the rudiments of education were thought sufficient for women, since their entire time was absorbed in the multitude of household duties. Now the number of girls graduated by the high schools greatly exceeds the number of boys in every State and the percentage of women students in the colleges is vastly larger than that of men. Meantime most of the domestic industries have been taken from the home to the factory and hundreds of thousands of women have followed them there, while the more highly trained have entered the professions and other avenues of skilled labor. We demand that under this new regime, and in view of these changed conditions in which she is so important a factor woman shall have a voice and a vote in the solution of their innumerable problems.

The laws of practically every State provide that the husband shall select the place of residence for the family, and if the wife refuse to abide by his choice she forfeits her right to support and her refusal shall be regarded as desertion. We protest against the recent decision of the courts which has added to this injustice by requiring the wife also to accept for herself the citizenship preferred by her husband, thus compelling a woman born in the United States to lose her nationality if her husband choose to declare his allegiance to a foreign country.

As women form two-thirds of the church membership of the entire nation; as they constitute but one-eleventh of the convicted criminals; as they are rapidly becoming the educated class and as the salvation of our government depends upon a moral, law-abiding, educated electorate, we demand for the sake of its integrity and permanence that women be made a part of its voting body.

In brief, we demand that all constitutional and legal barriers shall be removed which deny to women any individual right or personal freedom which is granted to man. This we ask in the name of a democratic and a republican government, which, its constitution declares, was formed "to establish justice and secure the blessings of liberty."

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER VII.

THE ANTHONY MEMORIAL BUILDING IN ROCHESTER, N.Y.

Shortly after the death of Susan B. Anthony a group of her co-workers and other friends in Rochester set out to raise a fund for the purpose of erecting, as a memorial to her, a building for the use of women students at the University of Rochester. This seemed to them especially fitting, as Miss Anthony had been intensely interested and very active in the raising of the Co-education Fund which admitted women students to the University in 1900.[152] Endorsement of this plan and the use of their names were given by her sister, Mary S. Anthony, Dr. Anna Howard Shaw and many well known women throughout this country and several from over-seas.

A Memorial Association was formed with an executive committee of Rochester women[153] but very little organized committee work was done. Suffragists were by this time too busy with the growing intensity of their own campaigns and said, truly enough, that Miss Anthony would much rather they would spend their time and money for the cause. However, an appeal was issued, coupon books were scattered among many women's organizations and individuals and the chairman of the committee addressed her personal appeal to every club and conference that would give her a hearing.

The largest single gift was from Miss Anthony's old friend Mrs. Sarah L. Willis of Rochester, $5,250. Mrs. Susan Look Avery of Louisville, Ky., gave $1,199. Of nine gifts of $1,000 each, five were from Rochester women--Miss Mary S. Anthony, Mrs. Hannah M. Byam, Mrs. Mary H. Hallowell, Miss Ada Howe Kent and Miss Frances Baker. The other $1,000 gifts were from Mrs. Emma J. Bartol, George and Mary A. Burnham of Philadelphia; John C. Haynes of Boston; Mrs. Lydia Coonley Ward of Chicago. Among many interesting gifts may be noted one from the women of The Netherlands and one from the Portia Suffrage Club of New Orleans. Women students at the college made class gifts from time to time but the fund grew slowly. After eight years it had reached $27,475. At this point the college authorities offered to complete the amount necessary for the building as planned, if the committee would turn over its money, which it gladly did. The cost was $58,763, the balance, which came to $31,288, being paid from the Co-education Fund raised by and for the women in 1900.

In the fall of 1914 the college girls took possession of the handsome gray stone building, bearing on its face, cut in stone, "Anthony Memorial." It contains a well-equipped gymnasium, a lunch room and four parlors for the social life of the students and the use of the Alumnae Association. The possession of this building and Catherine Strong Hall, the two connected by a cloistered walk, has added greatly to the enjoyment and convenience of the women students. Miss Eddy's half-length portrait of Miss Anthony hangs over the chimney-piece in the largest parlor and these rooms furnish a homelike place for their smaller social gatherings: larger affairs, such as the alumnae dinner, are held in the gymnasium. "Miss Anthony would certainly rejoice if she could look in on some February 15th and see the girls commemorating her birthday, as they do in some way every year," Mrs. Gannett writes in sending information for this account.

Dr. Rush Rhees, president of the university, who has sent for this volume a picture of the Memorial Building and some additional information, says: "The building is in constant use and is a great contribution to the comfort, health and pleasure of our women students."

Friends of Miss Anthony gave a scholarship for women in her name and Miss Mary S. Anthony gave the money for one in her own name. The university has seven other scholarships for women.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER X.

STATEMENT BY MRS. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT AT SENATE HEARING IN 1910

Although the Constitution of the United States in section 2 of Article I seems to have relegated authority over the extension of the suffrage to the various States, yet, curiously, few men in the United States possess the suffrage because they or the class to which they belong have secured their right to it by State action. The first voters were those who possessed the right under the original charters granted by the mother country and as the restrictions were many, including religious tests in most of the colonies and property qualifications in all, the number of actual voters was exceedingly small. When it became necessary at the close of the Revolution to form a federation for the "common defense" and the promotion of the "general welfare," it was obvious that citizenship must be made national. To do this it became clearly necessary that religious tests must be abandoned, since Catholic Maryland, Quaker Pennsylvania and Congregational Massachusetts could be united under a common citizenship by no other method. The elimination of the religious test enfranchised a large number of men and this without a struggle or any movement in their behalf.

In 1790 the first naturalization law was passed by Congress. Under the Articles of Confederation citizenship had belonged to the States but since it was apparent that it must now be national, a compromise was made between the old idea of State's rights and the new idea of Federal union. Each of the original States had its representatives in the convention which drafted the Federal Constitution and by common consent it was there planned that citizenship should carry with it the right to vote, although this was to be put into the State constitutions and not into the National. These delegates, influencing their own States in the forming of their constitutions, easily brought this about and without any movement on the part of those who were to be naturalized. This common understanding in the National Constitutional Convention and the Naturalization Act of Congress in 1790 certainly enfranchised somewhere between three-fourths and four-fifths of all men in the United States at this time.

The population of the colonies at the time of the Revolution was two and a half millions and even though all men had been voters the number could not have been more than seven or eight hundred thousand. By the census of 1900 there were 21,000,000 men of voting age in the United States. The Act, therefore, of the U. S. Government virtually enfranchised millions upon millions of men. Generations then unborn have come into the right of the suffrage in this country under that Act and men of every nationality have availed themselves of its privileges to become voting citizens. Although, technically speaking, enfranchisement of the foreign-born was extended by the States, yet in reality it is obvious that the real granting of this privilege came from Congress itself. The thirteen original States retained their property qualifications after the formation of the Union and these were removed by State amendments. This extension of the suffrage was made in most cases many years ago, when the electorate was very small in numbers.

The history of the enfranchisement of the negro is well known. States attempted it by amending their constitutions but in no case was this accomplished. Congress undertook to secure it by national amendment and although this was ratified by the necessary three-fourths of the State Legislatures yet it must be remembered that all the southern States were virtually coerced into giving their consent.... The Indians were enfranchised by Acts of Congress.

The evolution of man suffrage in the United States shows that but one class received their votes by direct State action--the nonproperty holders. They found political parties and statesmen to advocate their cause and their enfranchisement was made easy by State constitutional action.

In the 120 years of our national life no class of men have been forced to organize a movement in behalf of their enfranchisement; they have offered no petition or plea or even given sign that the extension of suffrage to them would be acceptable. Yet American women, who have conducted a persistent, intelligent movement for a half-century, which has grown stronger and stronger with the years, appealing for their own enfranchisement and supported now by a petition of 400,000 citizens of the United States are told that it is unnecessary to consider their plea since all women do not want to vote!

Gentlemen, is it not manifestly unfair to demand of women a test which has never been made in the case of men in this or any other country? Is it not true that the attitude of the Government toward an unenfranchised class of men has ever been that the vote is a privilege to be extended and it is optional with the citizen whether or not he shall use it? If any proof is needed it can be found in the fact that the U. S. Government has no record whatever of the number who have been naturalized in this country. It has no record of the number of Indians who have accepted its offer of the vote as a reward for taking up land in severalty. Manifestly the Government, as represented by Congress and the State Legislatures, considers it entirely unnecessary to know whether men who have had the suffrage "thrust upon them" use it or not, but imperative that women must not only demand it in very large numbers but give guaranty that they will use it, before its extension shall be made to them.

Is it not likewise unfair to compel women to seek their enfranchisement by methods infinitely more difficult than those by means of which any man in this country has secured his right to a vote? Ordinary fair play should compel every believer in democracy and individual liberty, no matter what are his views on woman suffrage, to grant to women the easiest process of enfranchisement and that is the submission of a Federal Amendment.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XIV.

THE SHAFROTH-PALMER WOMAN SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT.

In 1914 the Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, of which Mrs. Medill McCormick was chairman and Mrs. Antoinette Funk vice-chairman, caused to be introduced in Congress, with the sanction of the National Board, a Federal Amendment for woman suffrage radically different from the one for which the association had been working since 1869. It was named for its introducers in Senate and House. The merits of the proposed amendment, as stated by Mrs. Funk, which are given in condensed form in Chapter XIV, will be found in full in the published Handbook or Minutes of the national suffrage convention of this year. Specimens of the objections made as published in the Woman's Journal are given herewith:

Mrs. Catharine Waugh McCulloch (Ills.), a lawyer: Senator Shafroth's new suffrage amendment may do good by keeping law-makers discussing woman suffrage but as a practical method of securing it has serious defects. It is open to all the States' rights objections raised against our Susan B. Anthony amendment,[154] for it goes further and proposes a universal method of amending 48 State constitutions. State law-makers and Judges and even State voters from the North as well as the South will resent such dictation as an unwarrantable interference. The Initiative and Referendum scheme will have its own enemies, who will fear that this way may be an entering wedge for more Initiative and Referendum amendments to be pushed into State constitutions.

The amendment is, however, too indefinitely framed to be workable. No officer is named to whom the petitions should go; no officer is obligated to submit the question; no method of authenticating the petitions is prescribed and no time for voting is fixed. The United States has no facilities of its own for conducting any such elections or punishing State or county officers who may not volunteer to do the work. The Congressional Committee would better keep this amendment in committee rather than let the country know the great objection there is to it on the part of our constituency....

* * * * *

Mrs. M. Tascan Bennett (Conn.): The three principal objections to the new amendment appear to be as follows: It divides suffragists all over the country. The Anthony Amendment has had the support since 1869 of the annual conventions, where the members of the National Association have their one opportunity to direct its work. The Shafroth Amendment furnishes an excellent excuse to Congress for taking no action on the Anthony Amendment. It might well appear as a happy way to dispose of the whole question of woman suffrage by foisting responsibility for it back on the States where it already is.... It defeats what I consider to be the unanswerable advantage of the Anthony Amendment, whose ratification by the required three-fourths of the States will force the remaining one-fourth into line. The southern States, for whose special benefit the Shafroth Amendment appears to have been conceived, will undoubtedly be many years in accepting woman suffrage. With this new amendment ratified, they can still hold it back within their borders as long as they cling to their prejudices.

* * * * *

George H. Wright, M.D. (Conn.): The greatest objection is that, if passed, this amendment would throw the whole suffrage campaign into chaos. At present when we have carried one State we stop worrying about that State. The women cannot again be disfranchised except by an amendment to the State constitution, which would first have to pass a Legislature elected by the whole people. No such Legislature would dare to pass such a bill; the members who voted for it would accomplish nothing and would at once be ousted by their outraged women constituents. But under the Shafroth Amendment 8 per cent. of the voters could force a referendum on the question at any time.... Also a large part of the effort and money now used to gain new victories would be spent in defending what we had already won.

* * * * *

The Rev. Olympia Brown (Wis.), a pioneer suffragist: The passage of the Shafroth Amendment is spoken of several times in the explanations and arguments for it as being an "endorsement of woman suffrage by Congress." "Federal sanction," it is said, "would dignify the movement." This is another misnomer. There is no "indorsement" by Congress and no "federal sanction" about it. There is not even a hint that Congress favors woman suffrage. The amendment merely provides for the Initiative and Referendum in the States.

The Woman's Journal lately called attention to the statement twice made that "the effect of the amendment, if ratified, would be the same as if every State in the Union had passed a suffrage amendment." This is a most singular assertion. If every State adopted a suffrage amendment our work would be done. Again: "The passage of this resolution would have the same effect over the United States as if any other suffrage amendment had passed." Surely anyone can see that if the Anthony Amendment had been passed by Congress the effect would be entirely different from that produced by the passage of one merely giving the Initiative and Referendum to the States. And again: "If ratified, this amendment would have the same effect in every State as if a suffrage amendment had already passed its Legislature." Even this is untrue. If any Legislature had submitted a suffrage amendment, the subject would at once go to the men to be voted on but by this method there must be a petition signed by 8 per cent. of the voters....

One thing, however, seems to be ignored by all. When once an amendment to the Federal Constitution is passed and ratified by three-fourths of the Legislatures it becomes a part of the Constitution and is fixed for all time. No amendment has ever yet been repealed but it would be difficult, if not impossible, to secure another amendment on the same subject, especially one providing for a course of action entirely different from the former.

Therefore, this Shafroth Amendment, if passed, will place an impassable barrier to future Congressional action in behalf of woman suffrage. It simply refers the matter to the States. As a reason for passing it, it is claimed that we cannot secure the submission of the original amendment. Perhaps not today or during this session of Congress; possibly not during this administration, but with the wonderful progress of our cause, the spread of the recognition of the rights of women and the "new doctrine of freedom," the demand for it will be overwhelming and it will be gained at no distant day.

* * * * *

Mrs. Ida Husted Harper, historian of the suffrage movement: In behalf of many loyal and experienced suffragists I wish to enter two strong protests--one against the resolution which has been presented in the U. S. Senate by Senator Shafroth of Colorado, by request of Mrs. Medill McCormick and Mrs. Antoinette Funk; the other against their statement made to Congress that they speak for the 642,000 members of the National American Suffrage Association in offering this resolution.

The Congressional Committee, of which they are chairman and vice-chairman, was appointed, according to the understanding of the convention which met in Washington last fall, to work for the submission by Congress of the Federal Amendment for which the association has stood sponsor forty-five years. It was organized in 1869 for the express purpose of securing this amendment: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." No other ever has been considered by the association.

When this committee opened its headquarters in Washington the National Board asked contributions for its support through the Woman's Journal, saying: "The speedy submission of this Federal Amendment is of vital concern to every suffragist." Later it announced: "The Washington office will be occupied largely with the political end of the Federal Amendment campaign, while a Chicago office will specialize in the work of organizing the congressional districts of the United States in cooperation with the various State associations." All this, of course, was for the old, original amendment. No experienced suffragist expected it to receive the necessary two-thirds vote this session, but, as it had been reported favorably to the Senate, the desire was to have it brought to a discussion; to secure as large a vote as possible and to ascertain which members were friends and which were enemies. In spite of most unfavorable conditions this was accomplished and the amendment received a majority. There were no more negative votes than when it was acted upon in 1887 by the Senate and over twice as many favorable votes. The opposition was based almost entirely on the doctrine of State's rights, as was to be expected; but three Southern Senators voted in the affirmative. Before another session of Congress several more States are certain to be carried for woman suffrage, thus insuring more votes for this Federal Amendment. The defeat of suffrage bills in a number of Legislatures in the South is converting the women of that section to the necessity of action by Congress. Just at the most favorable moment in the entire history of this amendment, the committee having it in charge suddenly throws it on the dust heap; has another introduced of a radically different character, and announces to the public that this is done with the sanction of the National Board and that it represents the sentiment of the 642,000 members of the National American Association!... In behalf of countless members of this association, I protest against this high-handed action. I insist that the National Board exceeded its prerogatives when it sanctioned so radical and complete a change in the time-honored policy of the association without first bringing it before a national convention and giving the delegates a chance to pass upon it. The proposed amendment seems undesirable from every point of view....

These and all protests were answered by Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, editor of the Woman's Journal, generally recognized as high authority by the suffragists of the country. Throughout the months of controversy she kept up a vigorous defense and advocacy of the Shafroth Amendment, saying: "The old amendment has not been dropped and many of us believe that the new amendment will pave the way for the passage of the old one. Most of the suffragists are much attached to the old nation-wide amendment. If any proposal should be made at the next national convention to drop it the proposal could hardly carry, or, if it did, the resulting dissatisfaction would greatly weaken the National Association, but at present nothing of the sort is proposed." She did, however, say in mild criticism:

The National Board has authority to decide questions that come up in the interim between the national conventions. On the other hand it has never before had to pass upon anything so important as committing the association to the advocacy of a wholly new amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It would probably have been the part of wisdom to get a vote of the National Executive Council. This would not have taken long and would have saved considerable hard feeling and perplexity. The approval of the majority of the Council could probably have been had, for there is no earthly ground for objecting to the Shafroth Amendment when it is thoroughly understood. It merely furnishes a short cut to amendments in the States--a method which any State could use or not as it chose. Supposing the Shafroth Amendment to have passed Congress and been ratified, if the suffragists of any State preferred the old way of amending their State constitution, it would still be open. The Shafroth Amendment would lay no compulsion upon any State; it would only take snags out of the way of amendments in those States where the snags are now very thick.

Feeling on this subject is more acute than it needs to be because the suffrage atmosphere just now is highly charged with electricity. The Shafroth Amendment is a first-rate little amendment and the sooner it passes the better.

The National Convention at Nashville in November, 1914, after many hours of heated discussion, finally adopted a resolution that it should be the policy of the association to "support by every means within its power the Anthony Amendment and to support such other legislation as the National Board might authorize to the end that the Anthony resolution should become law." (Minutes, p. 26.) At the convention of December, 1915, in Washington it was voted that the last year's action in regard to the Shafroth Amendment be rescinded; that the association re-indorse the Anthony Amendment and that no other be introduced by it during the coming year. (Minutes, page 43.) This ended the matter for all time.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XV.

FROM ADDRESS OF DR. ANNA HOWARD SHAW WHEN RESIGNING THE PRESIDENCY OF THE NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, DEC. 15, 1915.

After a brief sketch of the condition of the world after a year and a half of the war in Europe, the address continued:

As an association we are confronted through the eternal law of progress by changes in our methods such as we have not met since the union of the two national societies in 1890. Our enlarged and expanding status as an association, the new and varied duties which devolve upon us and the innumerable demands increasing with the accumulation of means and workers call for a new kind of service in leadership. Political necessity has supplanted the reform epoch; the reapers of the harvest have replaced the ploughman and seed sower, each equally needed in the process of the cultivation and the development of an ideal as in the harvest of the land. When this movement began its pioneers were reformers, people who saw a vision and dreamed dreams of the time when all mankind should be free and all human beings have an equal opportunity under the law. Other reformers became possessed by it, and, following it in the spirit of Him who cried, "I was not disobedient to the Heavenly vision," they went forth proclaiming it to the world, knowing that misunderstanding, misrepresentation and persecution would combine to make the task difficult. It was not that they sought persecution but that they loved justice and freedom more than escape from it--these pioneers of the greatest political reform which history recounts. Year after year the task has been carried forward until the time has come when "new occasions teach new duties, time makes ancient good uncouth," and the idealist and the reformer are supplanted in our movement by the politician. Our cause has passed beyond the stage of academic discussion and has entered the realm of practical politics. The time has come when our organized machinery must be political in its character and work along political lines directed by political leaders....

The United States is looked upon as being the most powerful neutral nation, which with its high human ideal is the best equipped to present its good offices in mediation between the warring nations of the East, but is this true? What better preparation could it make than by removing from within its own borders the very cause which led to the present barbarous conditions across the sea?... How can the United States, in any spirit of a truly great nation, offer its services as mediator when it is following the same line of action towards its own people? How can it plead for justice in the East when it denies this to its own women? How can it claim that written agreements between nations are binding when it violates the fundamental principles of its own National Constitution which declare that "the right of the citizen to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State," and for forty-five years Congress has turned a deaf ear to the appeal of our own citizens for protection under this law? Is it true that the United States Constitution too is but a "scrap of paper" to be repudiated at will? If, as a mediator of justice, we hold out our hands to lift other nations from the abyss into which injustice has plunged them, they must be clean hands. Our words must ring true....

Many appeals will be made to our association to abandon its one purpose of securing votes for women and turn its attention and organized machinery to the real or imaginary dangers which beset us as a nation, but let us never for a moment forget the specious promises and assurances that were given to the pioneers, who, when the Civil War took place, gave up their associated work and turned their efforts to its demand in the belief that when the war was over the country would recognize their patriotic services and the dependence of the nation upon women in war as in peace and reward them with the ballot, the crowning symbol of citizenship. But instead of recognizing their service and rewarding the loyal women, the cry went forth: "This is the negroes' hour. Let the women wait"--and they are still waiting. As they wait they are not blind to the fact that this nation did what no other nation has ever done, when it voluntarily made its former slaves the sovereign rulers of its loyal and patriotic women.

The greatest service suffragists can render their country and through it the whole world at this time, is to teach it that there is no sex in love of individual liberty and to stand without faltering by their demand for justice and equality of political rights for men and women.

Dr. Shaw impressed upon the workers, especially the younger ones, not to be discouraged at what seemed slow progress and said:

It has been the privilege of your president to participate actively in twenty-four out of twenty-seven State campaigns; in the New Hampshire constitutional convention campaign, the Wheeling municipal campaign and directly though not actively in all the others except that of Illinois. The vote cast upon the amendments but inadequately expresses the expanding sentiment in behalf of woman suffrage and it needs only consecrated, persistent, systematic service to reach the goal and complete the task begun by the pioneers of 1848 and led by Susan B. Anthony until her death in 1906. While we accept as our motto her last public utterance, "Failure is impossible," we must also remember her prophetic words, uttered just before she laid down her life work: "There is nothing which can ultimately prevent the triumph of our cause but the time of its coming depends largely upon the loyalty and devotion of those who believe in it." ...

While recognizing that our primary object is to secure the ballot for women citizens and that as an organization we are not wedded to one method of obtaining it but are willing to adopt any just plan which promises success, nevertheless until a better way is found we will seek to secure an amendment to the National Constitution prohibiting disfranchisement on account of sex, and at the same time will appeal to the States that by their action a sufficiently strong support may be given to the Federal Amendment to secure its adoption, unless it become unnecessary by action of the States themselves.... We must face the fact that large bodies of our new recruits know practically little of the history of the suffrage movement, of the long years of faithful devotion and the wise and statesmanlike service which have brought it to its present successful position. These recruits are attracted by new and spectacular methods, are impatient of delay and eagerly follow any scheme which promises to "get it quick." ... If we analyze the arguments set forth by these most ardent advocates of the Federal Constitutional Amendment as the only means of securing immediate results and learn upon what they base their hopes of success, we shall see, as has been shown again and again, that every one of them has its source in the enfranchised States; that instead of State by State action being "wasteful, expensive and slow," it is the foundation of hope. This is the strongest argument in behalf of the wisdom of the founders of our movement, that they recognized the necessity that State and Federal action must go together.

ADDRESS OF MRS. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT AT SENATE HEARING, DEC. 15, 1915.

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Committee:

Since our last appeal was made to your committee a vote has been taken in four Eastern States upon the question of amending their constitutions for woman suffrage. The inaction of Congress in not submitting a Federal amendment naturally leads us to infer that members believe the proper method by which women may secure the vote is through the referendum. We found in those four States what has always been true whenever any class of people have asked for any form of liberty and was best described by Macaulay when he said: "If a people are turbulent they are unfit for liberty; if they are quiet, they do not want it." We met a curious dilemma. On the one hand a great many men voted in the negative because women in Great Britain had made too emphatic a demand for the vote. Since they made that demand it is reported that 10,000,000 men have been killed, wounded or are missing through militant action, but all of that is held as naught compared with the burning of a few vacant buildings. Evidently the logic that these American men followed was: Since some turbulent women in another land are unfit to vote, no American woman shall vote. There was no reasoning that could change the attitude of those men. On the other hand the great majority of the men who voted against us, as well as the great majority of the members of Legislatures and Congress who oppose this movement, hold that women have given no signal that they want the vote. Between the horns of this amazing dilemma the Federal amendment and State suffrage seem to be caught fast.

So those of us who want to learn how to obtain the vote have naturally asked ourselves over and over again what kind of a demand can be made. We get nothing by "watchful waiting" and if we are turbulent we are pronounced unfit to vote. We turned to history to learn "what kind of a demand the men of our own country made and determined to do what they had done. The census of 1910 reported 27,000,000 males over 21. Of these 9,500,000 are direct descendants of the population of 1800; 2,458,873 are negroes; 15,040,278 are aliens, naturalized or descendants of naturalized citizens since 1800. The last two classes compose two-thirds of the male population over 21. The enfranchisement of negro men is such recent history that it is unnecessary to repeat here that they made no demand for the vote. The naturalization laws give citizenship to any man who chooses to make a residence of this country for five years and automatically every man who is a citizen becomes a voter in the State of his residence. In the 115 years since 1800 not one single foreigner has ever been asked whether he wanted the vote or whether he was fit for it--it has literally been thrust upon him. Two-thirds of our men of voting age today have not only made no demand for the vote but they have never been asked to give any evidence of capacity to use it intelligently.

We turned again to history to see how the men who lived in this country in 1800 got their votes. At that time 8 per cent. of the total population were voters in New York as compared with 25 per cent. now. There was a struggle in all the colonial States to broaden the suffrage. New York seemed always to have lagged behind the others and therefore it forms a good example. It was next to the last State to remove the land qualification and it was not a leader in the extension of the suffrage to any class.

In 1740 the British Parliament disqualified the Catholics for naturalization in this country. That enactment had been preceded in several of the States by their definite disfranchisement. In 1699 they were disfranchised by an Act of the Assembly of New York. Although the writers on the early franchise say that Jews were not permitted to vote anywhere in this country in 1701, as they certainly were not in England, yet occasionally they apparently did so. In New York that year there was a definite enactment disfranchising them. In 1737 the Assembly passed another disfranchising Act. Catholics and Jews were disfranchised in most States. It is interesting to learn how they became enfranchised. One would naturally suppose that together or separately they would make some great demand for political equality with Protestants but there is no record that they did. I find that the reason why our country became so liberal to them was not because there was any demand on their part and not because there was any special advocacy of their enfranchisement by statesmen. It was due to the fact that in the Revolution, Great Britain, having difficulty with the American colonies on the south side of the St. Lawrence River, did as every belligerent country does and tried to hold Canada by granting her favors. In order to make the Canadian colonies secure against revolution the British Parliament, which had previously disfranchised the Catholics and the Jews, now extended a vote to them. The American Constitution makers could not do less than Great Britain had done, and so in every one of the thirteen States they were guaranteed political equality with Protestants.

The next great movement was the elimination of the land qualification and on this we find that history is practically silent. In Connecticut and Rhode Island a small petition was presented to the Assembly asking for its removal. In New York in the constitutional convention of 1821 when some members advocated its removal others asked, "Where is the demand? Who wants to vote that has no land?" The answer was that there had been some meetings in New York in behalf of removing this qualification. No one of them had seen such a meeting but some members had heard that a few had been held in the central districts of the State. This constitutes the entire demand that has been made by the men of our country for the vote.

In contrast we may ask what have women done? Again I may say that New York is a fair example because it is the largest of the States in population and has the second city in size in the world and occupies perhaps the most important position in any land in which a suffrage referendum has been taken. Women held during the six months prior to the election in 1915, 10,300 meetings. They printed and circulated 7,500,000 leaflets or three-and-a-half for every voter. These leaflets weighed more than twenty tons. They had 770 treasuries in the State among the different groups doing suffrage work and every bookkeeper except two was a volunteer. Women by the thousands contributed to the funds of that campaign, in one group 12,000 public school teachers. On election day 6,330 women watched at the polls from 5:45 in the morning until after the vote was counted. I was on duty myself from 5:30 until midnight. There were 2,500 campaign officers in the State who gave their time without pay. The publicity features were more numerous and unique than any campaign of men or women had ever had. They culminated in a parade in New York City which was organized without any effort to secure women outside the city to participate in it, yet 20,000 marched through Fifth Avenue to give some idea of the size of their demand for the vote.

What was the result? If we take the last announcement from the board of elections the suffrage amendment received 535,000 votes--2,000 more than the total vote of the nine States where women now have suffrage through a referendum. It was not submitted in Wyoming, Utah or Illinois. Yet New York suffragists did not win because the opponents outvoted them. How did this happen? Why did not such evidence of a demand win the vote? Because the unscrupulous men of the State worked and voted against woman suffrage, aided and abetted by the weakminded and illiterate, who are permitted a vote in New York. In Rochester the male inmates of the almshouse and rescue home were taken out to vote against the amendment. Men too drunk to sign their own names voted all over the State, for drunkards may vote in New York. In many of the polling places the women watchers reported that throughout the entire day not one came to vote who did not have to be assisted; they did not know enough to cast their own vote.

Those are some of the conditions women must overcome in a referendum. One can eventually be carried even in New York but we believe we have made all the sacrifices which a just Government ought to expect of us. Even the Federal Amendment is difficult enough, with the ratification of 36 Legislatures required, but we may at least appeal to a higher class of men. We were obliged to make our campaign in twenty-four different languages.... It is too unfair and humiliating treatment of American women to compel us to appeal to the men of all nations of the earth for the vote which has been so freely and cheaply given to them. We believe we ought to have the benefit of the method provided by the Federal Constitution.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XVII.

HEADQUARTERS OF THE NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION.

During the early years of the movement for woman suffrage the headquarters were in the home of Miss Susan B. Anthony, in Rochester, N. Y. In 1890 her strong desire to have a center for work and social features in Washington was fulfilled by the National Association's renting two large rooms in the club house of Wimodaughsis, a newly formed stock company of women for having classes and lectures on art, science, literature and domestic and political economy, with Dr. Anna Howard Shaw president. It did not prove to be permanent, however, and in two years the association had to give up the rooms and the work went back to Rochester, where much of it had continued to be done.

In October, 1895, when Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt became chairman of the Organization Committee, she opened headquarters in one room of her husband's offices in the World Building, New York City. At the same time Miss Anthony, with a gift of $1,000 from Mrs. Louisa Southworth of Cleveland, had Mrs. Rachel Foster Avery, national corresponding secretary, open headquarters in Philadelphia, with Miss Nicolas Shaw as secretary. Both acts were endorsed by the Business Committee of the association. At the next convention Mrs. Avery recommended that the Philadelphia headquarters be removed to those of New York. This was done April 1, 1897; two large rooms were rented in the World Building and all the work of the association except the treasurer's and the convention business was transacted here. For six years the national headquarters, in charge of Mrs. Catt, remained in New York. In May, 1903, they were removed to Warren, Ohio, near Cleveland, and Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, national treasurer, took charge of them, with Miss Elizabeth J. Hauser, executive secretary. Here they were beautifully housed, first in the parlors of an old mansion and later on the ground floor of the county court house where formerly was the public library. In 1909, partly through the contribution of Mrs. Oliver H. P. Belmont, they were returned to New York City and with the New York State Association occupied the entire seventeenth floor of a large, new office building, 505 Fifth Avenue, corner of 42nd Street. When Mrs. Catt again became president the work of the association had outgrown even these commodious headquarters and in January, 1916, the fourteenth floor, with much more space, was taken in an office building at 171 Madison Avenue, corner of 33rd Street. In March, 1917, the Leslie Commission opened its Bureau of Suffrage Education in this building and the two organizations occupied two floors with a staff of fifty persons. On May 1, 1920, their work was concentrated on one floor, as the great task of securing complete, universal suffrage for the women of the United States was almost finished.

Branch Headquarters: In January, 1914, branch headquarters were opened in the Munsey Building on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington for the work of the association's Congressional Committee. They continued there until the effort to obtain a Federal Amendment became of such magnitude as to require a great deal more room and in December, 1916, a large house was taken at 1626 Rhode Island Avenue, just off of Scott Circle [see page 632]. This was occupied by the committee, national officers, the lobbyists and other workers until July, 1919, when the amendment had been submitted by Congress.

The first headquarters in a business building in 1895 had been rented for $15 a month; the last year's rent for the headquarters in New York and Washington was $17,500.

BEQUEST OF MRS. FRANK LESLIE.

Mrs. Frank Leslie, long at the head of the Leslie publications in New York City, died Sept. 18, 1914, leaving a will which made the following provisions:

All the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, whatsoever and wheresoever situate, whereof I may be seized or possessed, or to which I may be in any manner entitled at the time of my death, including the amount of any legacies hereinbefore given which may for any reason lapse or fail, I do give, devise and bequeath unto my friend, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt of the city of New York. It is my expectation and wish that she turn all of my said residuary estate into cash, and apply the whole thereof as she shall think most advisable to the furtherance of the cause of Women's Suffrage, to which she has so worthily devoted so many years of her life, and that she shall make suitable provision, so that in case of her death any balance thereof remaining unexpended may be applied and expended in the same way; but this expression of my wish and expectation is not to be taken as creating any trust or as limiting or affecting the character of the gift to her, which I intend to be absolute and unrestricted.

Mrs. Leslie had previously made two wills of a similar character. The estate was appraised at $1,800,000 in stocks, bonds and real estate. There was an immense inheritance tax to be paid and harassing litigation was at once begun and continued. It was not until the winter of 1917 that the executors commenced a distribution of the funds. Mrs. Catt incorporated the Leslie Woman Suffrage Commission, which has received and expended all monies realized from the estate. They were a large factor in the legitimate expenditures for obtaining the submission of the Federal Suffrage Amendment from Congress and its ratification by 36 State Legislatures. They were also of great assistance in the campaigns of the last years to secure the amendments of State constitutions, which required organizers, speakers, printing, postage, etc. Contributions have been made to women's struggle for the franchise in other countries.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XIX.

PRESENT STATUS OF THE NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, ORGANIZED IN 1869.

Acting on the plan adopted at the last convention of the National American Association at Chicago in February, 1920, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, president, issued a call for a meeting of the Executive Council in Hotel Statler at the time of the second annual convention of the National League of Women Voters in Cleveland, Ohio. The meeting took place at 10 a. m., April 13, 1921, Mrs. Catt in the chair. She made a report of the receipts and disbursements of the Leslie Fund, saying that as soon as the estate was finally settled she would render a detailed statement. She said there were reasons why the association should not at this time be dissolved and gave them as follows:

(1) Legal attacks on the Federal Amendment are still pending and there are attempts to secure submission of a repeal to the voters. The association must remain till no further efforts are made to invalidate the amendment.

(2) The necessity of some authority to give advice and to help our dependencies where suffrage campaigns are pending.

(3) Several bequests, delayed because estates are not settled, also require the continuation of the association.

The Chair stated that the incorporation does not expire till 1940. Conventions of elected delegates are no longer feasible and, therefore, continuation without conventions should be provided for in an amended constitution, such amendments to be confirmed by the Executive Council.

It was unanimously agreed that the association be continued and on motion of Mrs. Catharine Waugh McCulloch, attorney, of Chicago, it was voted that the Chair appoint two other members of the Council to co-operate with her in revising the constitution in accordance with the new arrangement. She appointed Mrs. McCulloch and Mrs. Nettie Rogers Shuler, the corresponding secretary of the association.

The report of the national treasurer from Jan. 1, 1920, to March 31, 1921, showed that $12,451 had been used for the expenses connected with the ratification in eleven difficult States; the headquarters had been maintained; legal fees paid; the expenses of the Chicago convention met; deficit of the National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co. paid; printing and other bills settled, and a balance of $3,534 remained in the treasury.

The General Officers had been re-elected in Chicago to serve until the end. At the present meeting the Directors, whose term of office had expired, were re-elected to serve continuously, except Mrs. Arthur L. Livermore, whose resignation was accepted and Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton was chosen to fill the vacancy. It was voted that the League of Women Voters be asked to take the place of the National Suffrage Association as auxiliary to the International Woman Suffrage Alliance; also that the association no longer continue as auxiliary of the National Council of Women of the United States.

Brief remarks were made by delegates present and enthusiastic appreciation was expressed of the action of the Tennessee Legislature in giving the 36th ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment. Mrs. Catt closed the meeting with advice to the delegates to put their State records, literature, etc., into libraries for preservation and she urged the necessity of the best training for their new responsibilities, reminding them that the duty would always rest on women to conserve civilization.

* * * * *

The committee, consisting of Mrs. Catt, Mrs. Shuler and Mrs. McCulloch, recommended the adoption of an abridged constitution with the elimination of all the by-laws and articles of the old one which were now unnecessary. The Board could incur no financial obligations beyond the assets in their hands; they could fill vacancies caused by death or resignation as heretofore; adopt such rules for their meetings as they deemed proper and amend the constitution by a two-thirds vote. The Board should continue to consist of nine officers and eight directors, with the power to summon the Executive Council. This Council should comprise the Board and the presidents and executive members of State auxiliaries as they existed in 1920. The name of the association would be retained.

The abridged constitution was sent to every member of the Council to be voted on.

* * * * *

The Executive Council was called to meet at the headquarters of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in New York at 10:30 a.m., June 22, 1921, for final action on the new constitution. Mrs. Catt presided and Mrs. Lewis J. Cox, State executive member from Indiana, acted as secretary. It was voted that the following sentence be added to the objects of the association: "To remove as far as it is possible all discriminations against women on account of sex." Sixty-six of the eighty-two members of the Council having voted in the affirmative and none in the negative the constitution was declared to be legally adopted.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XIX.

DEATH OF DR. ANNA HOWARD SHAW.

It is literally true that a nation mourned the death of Anna Howard Shaw. Having lectured from ocean to ocean for several decades she was universally known and there were few newspapers which did not contain a sympathetic editorial on her public and personal life. Telegrams were received at her home from all parts of the world and the letters were almost beyond counting. Friend and foe alike yielded to the unsurpassed charm of her personality and the rare qualities of her mind and heart.

In February, 1919, the Woman's Council of National Defense, of which Dr. Shaw had been chairman since its beginning in April, 1917, dissolved with its duties ended. For the past two years she had practically given up her platform work for woman suffrage, then at its most critical stage with the Federal Amendment pending. Now she had made a large number of speaking engagements for the spring in its behalf and had accepted the invitation of Dr. M. Carey Thomas, president of Bryn Mawr College, to be her guest on a trip to Spain afterwards. Everything was put aside when in May came an urgent request from former President Taft and President Lowell, of Harvard University, to join them in a speaking tour of fourteen States from New Hampshire to Kansas to arouse sentiment in favor of the League of Nations as a means of assuring peace forevermore. She was to speak but once a day but she could not resist the appeals in the different cities and it became four or five times a day. At Indianapolis she made speeches, gave interviews, etc., eight times. The next day at Springfield, Ill., she was stricken with pneumonia and was in the hospital two weeks. By June 12 she was able to leave for her home in Moylan, a residence suburb of Philadelphia, with her beloved friend and companion, Lucy Anthony, who had gone to her and who wrote to anxious friends: "She made the journey without even a rise of temperature, found the house all bright with sunshine and flowers and was the happiest person in the world to be at home again." She seemed to recover entirely but on June 30 had a sudden relapse and died at 7 o'clock on the evening of July 2.

DR. SHAW'S TRIBUTE TO THE AMERICAN FLAG, GIVEN MANY TIMES.

"This is the American flag. It is a piece of bunting and why is it that, when it is surrounded by the flags of all other nations, your eyes and mine turn first toward it and there is a warmth at our hearts such as we do not feel when we gaze on any other flag? It is not because of the beauty of its colors, for the flags of England and France which hang beside it have the same colors. It is not because of its artistic beauty, for other flags are as artistic. It is because you and I see in that piece of bunting what we see in no other. It is not visible to the human eye but it is to the human soul.

"We see in every stripe of red the blood which has been shed through the centuries by men and women who have sacrificed their lives for the idea of democracy; we see in every stripe of white the purity of the democratic ideal toward which all the world is tending, and in every star in its field of blue we see the hope of mankind that some day the democracy which that bit of bunting symbolizes shall permeate the lives of men and nations, and we love it because it enfolds our ideals of human freedom and justice."

* * * * *

In 1917. "It is because we love our country so much and because we are so anxious to give ourselves entirely to the great service of winning the war, that we want the freedom of American women now. We suffragists would be thrice traitors if at this time of the great struggle of the world for democracy we should fail to ask for the fundamental principles here which America is trying to help bring to other countries."

* * * * *

When Dr. Shaw received the Distinguished Service Medal from Secretary of War Baker she said: "I realize that in conferring upon me the Distinguished Service Medal, the President and the Secretary of War are not expressing their appreciation of what I as an individual have done but of the collective service of the women of the county. As it is impossible to decorate all women who have served equally with the Chairman of the Woman's Committee, I have been chosen, and while I appreciate the honor and am prouder to wear this decoration than to receive any other recognition save my political freedom, which is the first desire of a loyal American, I nevertheless look upon this as the beginning of the recognition by the country of the service and loyalty of women, and above all that the part women are called upon to take in times of war is recognized as equally necessary in times of peace. This departure on the part of the national government through the President and Secretary of War gives the greater promise of the time near at hand when every citizen of the United States will be esteemed a government asset because of his or her loyalty and service rather than because of sex."

* * * * *

Dr. Shaw was a valued member of the executive committee of the League to Enforce Peace, under whose auspices she was making the tour with former President Taft and President Lowell of Harvard University, and it sent her a transcript of her speech to revise for publication. This she did on the last Sunday of her life and the committee prepared tens of thousands of copies of it for circulation. It was entitled What the War Meant to Women and mere extracts can give little idea of its strength and beauty. After speaking of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense, the Peace Treaty and President Wilson's declaration that the United States did not want any material advantage out of the war, she ended:

While Mr. Wilson declared we want nothing out of the war, I said in my own heart: "It may be that we want nothing material out of the war, but, oh, we want the biggest thing that has ever come to the world--we want Peace now and Peace forever." If we cannot get that peace out of this war what hope is there that it will ever come to humanity? Was there ever such a chance offered to the world before? Was there ever a time when the peoples of all nations looked towards America as they are looking to-day because of our unselfishness in our dealings with them during the war? We have not always been unselfish but we have been in this war.

The war is over as far as the fighting is concerned but it is only begun as far as the life of the people is concerned. What would there be of inspiration to them to come back to their ruined homes and build up again their cities if within a few years the same thing could be repeated and homes destroyed and cities devastated, the people outraged and made slaves as they have been?

Men and women, they are looking to us as the hope of the world and whenever I gaze on our flag, whenever I look on those stars on their field of blue and those stripes of red and white, I say to myself: "I do not wonder that when that flag went over the trenches and surmounted the barriers, the people of the world took heart of hope. It was then that they began to feel they could unite with us in some sort of security for the future. And that flag means so much to me. I never look on its stars but that I see in every star the hope that must stir the peoples of the old world when they think of us and the power we have of helping to lead them up to a place where they may hope for their children and for their children's children the things that have not come to them." ...

We women, the mothers of the race, have given everything, have suffered everything, have sacrificed everything and we say to you now: "The time is come when we will no longer sit quietly by and bear and rear sons to die at the will of a few men. We will not endure it. We demand either that you shall do something to prevent war or that we shall be permitted to try to do something ourselves." Could there be any cowardice, could there be any injustice, could there be any wrong, greater than for men to refuse to hear the voice of a woman expressing the will of women at the peace table of the world and then not provide a way by which the women of the future shall not be robbed of their sons as the women of the past have been?

To you men we look for support. We look for your support back of your Senators and from this day until the day when the League of Nations is accepted and ratified by the Senate of the United States, it should be the duty of every man and every woman to see that the Senators from their State know the will of the people; know that the people will that something shall be done, even though not perfect; that there shall be a beginning from which we shall construct something more perfect by and by; that the will of the people is that this League shall be accepted and that if, in the Senate of the United States, there are men so blinded by partisan desire for present advantage, so blinded by personal pique and narrowness of vision, that they cannot see the large problems which involve the nations of the world, then the people of the States must see to it that other men sit in the seats of the highest.

* * * * *

In the beautiful Memorial issued by the Board of Directors of the National American Woman Suffrage Association were affectionate tributes from those who were officially associated with her for many years. Among the many from eminent men and women which were reproduced in the Memorial were the following:

It was not my privilege to know Dr. Shaw until the later years of her life but I had the advantage then of seeing her in many lights. I saw her acting with such vigor and intelligence in the service of the Government, and, through the Government, of mankind, as to win my warmest admiration. I had already had occasion to see the extraordinary quality of her clear and effective mind and to know how powerful and persuasive an advocate she was. When the war came I saw her in action and she won my sincere admiration and homage.

WOODROW WILSON, President of the United States.

(President and Mrs. Wilson, who were on the way home from France, sent a wireless message of sympathy and a handsome floral tribute from the White House.)

The world is infinitely poorer by the death of so great and good a woman.

THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Vice-President of the United States.

Dr. Anna Howard Shaw was a member of the Executive Committee of the League to Enforce Peace. She was constant in her attendance, full of suggestion and earnest in support of the cause. It was my great pleasure to speak with her from many a platform in favor of the League and to enjoy the very great privilege of listening to her persuasive eloquence and her genial wit and humor, which she always used to enforce her arguments. She thought nothing of the sacrifice she had to make and was only intent upon the consummation of our purpose. She was a remarkable woman. I deeply regret her death. There were many avenues of great usefulness which a continuance of her life would have enabled her to pursue. Her going is a great loss to the community.

WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, President of the League to Enforce Peace.

I desire officially to pay tribute to the passing of Dr. Shaw. Aside from her epic contribution to the cause of progressive American womanhood it is in no sense perfunctory to say that whether in war time Washington, organizing and directing the eighteen thousand units of the Woman's Committee of National Defense, or with indomitable courage and power going up and down the country pleading great public causes relating to the war, this woman of seventy years was an inspiration to all of us. There was no one in American life who epitomized more finely Roosevelt's philosophy that in the public arena one must to the uttermost spend and be spent. It was a magnificent and enduring trail that Dr. Shaw blazed. Everywhere her endeavors had the impersonal and unselfish touch that marks the great protagonist of new ideals. She was a gallant and stirring figure in the history of this country and leaves the government of the United States distinctly in her debt.

GROSVENOR B. CLARKSON, Director United States Council National Defense.

As a member of the Council of National Defense I wish to express my very sincere appreciation of the patriotic service that Dr. Shaw rendered during the past two years, the magnitude of which cannot be appreciated except by those intimately familiar with it. Her distinguished service medal was well earned.

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary of the Interior.

I hardly know how to write you about the death of our dear Anna Howard Shaw. She has been such a tower of strength to our cause everywhere and now her place knows her no more! There is one comfort in that she lived long enough to know of the triumph of your cause in the passage of the Federal Amendment. She will be sorely missed and deeply mourned, first and foremost in America and Great Britain, but really all over the world, in every country where woman's cause is a living issue.

MILLICENT GARRETT FAWCETT, Honorary President, National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship of Great Britain.

My deepest sorrow and sympathy go out to the family of Dr. Shaw, to the National Council of Women of the United States and to the International Council and the Woman Suffrage Alliance. Her passing is indeed a great loss to the women of the whole world.

ISHBEL ABERDEEN AND TEMAIR, President International Council of Women.

Truly all womanhood has lost a faithful friend.

ELIZABETH C. CARTER, President Northeastern Federation of Women's Clubs (colored).

Loving and appreciative tributes were sent from the officers of National and International Associations in all parts of the world.

APPENDIX FOR CHAPTER XX.

APPEAL OF PRESIDENT WILSON TO THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES TO SUBMIT THE FEDERAL AMENDMENT FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE DELIVERED IN PERSON SEPT. 30, 1918.

Gentlemen of the Senate: The unusual circumstances of a World War in which we stand and are judged in the view not only of our own people and our own consciences but also in the view of all nations and peoples, will, I hope, justify in your thought, as it does in mine, the message I have come to bring you.

I regard the concurrence of the Senate in the constitutional amendment proposing the extension of the suffrage to women as vitally essential to the successful prosecution of the great war of humanity in which we are engaged. I have come to urge upon you the considerations which have led me to that conclusion. It is not only my privilege, it is also my duty to apprise you of every circumstance and element involved in this momentous struggle which seems to me to affect its very processes and its outcome. It is my duty to win the war and to ask you to remove every obstacle that stands in the way of winning it.

I had assumed that the Senate would concur in the amendment, because no disputable principle is involved but only a question of the method by which the suffrage is to be now extended to women. There is and can be no party issue involved in it. Both of our great national parties are pledged, explicitly pledged, to equality of suffrage for the women of the country.

Neither party, therefore, it seems to me, can justify hesitation as to the method of obtaining it, can rightfully hesitate to substitute Federal initiative for State initiative if the early adoption of this measure is necessary to the successful prosecution of the war, and if the method of State action proposed in the party platforms of 1916 is impracticable within any reasonable length of time, if practical at all. And its adoption is, in my judgment, clearly necessary to the successful prosecution of the war and the successful realization of the objects for which the war is being fought.

That judgment I take the liberty of urging upon you with solemn earnestness for reasons which I shall state very frankly and which I shall hope will seem as conclusive to you as they seem to me.

This is a people's war and the people's thinking constitutes its atmosphere and morale, not the predilections of the drawing room or the political considerations of the caucus. If we be indeed democrats and wish to lead the world to democracy, we can ask other peoples to accept in proof of our sincerity and our ability to lead them whither they wish to be led, nothing less persuasive and convincing than our actions.

Our professions will not suffice. Verification must be forthcoming when verification is asked for. And in this case verification is asked for--asked for in this particular matter. You ask by whom? Not through diplomatic channels; not by foreign ministers; not by the intimations of parliaments. It is asked for by the anxious, expectant, suffering peoples with whom we are dealing and who are willing to put their destinies in some measure in our hands, if they are sure that we wish the same things that they do.

I do not speak by conjecture. It is not alone that the voices of statesmen and of newspapers reach me, and that the voices of foolish and intemperate agitators do not reach me at all. Through many, many channels I have been made aware what the plain, struggling, workaday folk are thinking, upon whom the chief terror and suffering of this tragic war fall. They are looking to the great, powerful, famous democracy of the West to lead them to the new day for which they have so long waited; and they think, in their logical simplicity, that democracy means that women shall play their part in affairs alongside men and upon an equal footing with them.

If we reject measures like this, in ignorant defiance of what a new age has brought forth, of what they have seen but we have not, they will cease to believe in us; they will cease to follow or to trust us. They have seen their own governments accept this interpretation of democracy--seen old governments like that of Great Britain, which did not profess to be democratic, promise readily and as of course this justice to women, though they had before refused it; the strange revelations of this war having made many things new and plain to governments as well as to peoples.

Are we alone to refuse to learn the lesson? Are we alone to ask and take the utmost that our women can give--service and sacrifice of every kind--and still say we do not see what title that gives them to stand by our side in the guidance of the affairs of their nation and ours? We have made partners of the women in this war. Shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right? This war could not have been fought, either by the other nations engaged or by America, if it had not been for the services of the women--services rendered in every sphere--not merely in the fields of efforts in which we have been accustomed to see them work but wherever men have worked and upon the very skirts and edges of the battle itself.

We shall not only be distrusted, but shall deserve to be distrusted if we do not enfranchise women with the fullest possible enfranchisement, as it is now certain that the other great free nations will enfranchise them. We cannot isolate our thought or action in such a matter from the thought of the rest of the world. We must either conform or deliberately reject what they approve and resign the leadership of liberal minds to others.

The women of America are too intelligent and too devoted to be slackers whether you give or withhold this thing that is mere justice; but I know the magic it will work in their thoughts and spirits if you give it to them. I propose it as I would propose to admit soldiers to the suffrage--the men fighting in the field of our liberties of the world--were they excluded.

The tasks of the women lie at the very heart of the war and I know how much stronger that heart will beat if you do this just thing and show our women that you trust them as much as you in fact and of necessity depend upon them.

I have said that the passage of this amendment is a vitally necessary war measure and do you need further proof? Do you stand in need of the trust of other peoples and of the trust of our own women? Is that trust an asset or is it not? I tell you plainly, as the commander-in-chief of our armies and of the gallant men in our fleets; as the present spokesman of this people in our dealings with the men and women throughout the world who are now our partners; as the responsible head of a great government which stands and is questioned day by day as to its purpose, its principles, its hope.... I tell you plainly that this measure which I urge upon you is vital to the winning of the war and to the energies alike of preparation and of battle.

And not to the winning of the war only. It is vital to the right solution of the great problems which we must settle, and settle immediately, when the war is over. We shall need in our vision of affairs, as we have never needed them before, the sympathy and insight and clear moral instinct of the women of the world. The problems of that time will strike to the roots of many things that we have hitherto questioned, and I for one believe that our safety in those questioning days, as well as our comprehension of matters that touch society to the quick, will depend upon the direct and authoritative participation of women in our counsels. We shall need their moral sense to preserve what is right and fine and worthy in our system of life as well as to discover just what it is that ought to be purified and reformed. Without their counsellings we shall be only half wise.

That is my case. This is my appeal. Many may deny its validity, if they choose, but no one can brush aside or answer the arguments upon which it is based. The executive tasks of this war rest upon me. I ask that you lighten them and place in my hands instruments, spiritual instruments, which I have daily to apologize for not being able to employ.

FOOTNOTES:

[152] See Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony, page 1221 and following.

[153] Executive Committee: Mrs. Mary T. L. Gannett, chairman; Mrs. Georgia F. Raynsford, first vice-chairman; Mrs. Helen B. Montgomery, second; Mrs. William S. Little, third; Mrs. W. L. Howard, fourth; Mrs. Henry G. Danforth, treasurer; Miss Jeannette W. Huntington, assistant; Miss Charlotte P. Acer, corresponding secretary; Mrs. Emma B. Sweet, assistant; Mrs. Adele R. Ingersoll, recording secretary. Security Trust Co., Rochester, N.Y., Financial Agent.

A national committee of prominent women was formed.

[154] For the purpose of making a clear distinction between the two amendments the name of Susan B. Anthony is permitted in this one instance for the original Federal Amendment. It is not just to the others who worked for it to give it this designation.

INDEX

Readers of this volume of the History of Woman Suffrage will be spared some trouble in searching the index by noticing the arrangement of the chapters as shown in the Table of Contents. The Introduction gives a very brief outline of the movement for woman suffrage. The first 19 chapters contain accounts of the annual conventions of the National American Association during the last twenty years chronologically arranged, including the hearings before the committees of each Congress. Enough extracts from speeches are included to show the line of argument. The plans of work and the reports of committees indicate the development from year to year. These chapters record the work for a Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment, for which the association was especially organized.

Chapter XX contains in condensed form the full story of the contest for the Federal Suffrage Amendment. It is followed by chapters on various suffrage associations; the League of Women Voters; Woman Suffrage in National Presidential Conventions of the political parties and the War Service of the Organized Suffragists. Each has practically complete information on its particular subject, to which reference is made in other chapters and indexed.

The activities in the States auxiliary to the National Association are recorded in Volume VI, also accounts of the work in Great Britain and other countries and the chapter on the International Woman Suffrage Alliance.

Abbot, Grace, 692-3.

Abbott, Dr. Lyman, Dr. Shaw criticizes, 158; 256; 682.

Aberdeen and Temair, Marchioness of, pres. Intl. Council of Women, tribute to Dr. Shaw, 761.

Adams, Abigail, makes first decl. for wom. suff, 121.

Adams, Gov. Alva, tribute to wom. suff. in Colorado, answers criticisms; State will never repeal, 103-105.

Addams, Jane, on child labor, 20; noteworthy address on Municipal Franchise for Women, 178; guest of Miss Garrett, 182; 202; entertains natl. suff. conv. at Hull House, 206; 207; 258; guest of honor Coll. Wom. Suff. League, 319; working woman's need of vote, humanitarian woman's need, domestic woman's need, 320; elected first vice-pres. of Natl. Assn, 324; helps sub-station for suff. lit. in Chicago, 335; necessity for women to deal with social evil, 343; presides at suff. hearing 1912; says America falling behind rest of world; if women are to continue humanitarian efforts they must have the franchise, 354-356; urges a commssn. to investigate the equal suff. States and report, 363; men and women must solve social problems together with ballots in the hands of both, 364-5; at hearing bef. House Com. on Rules, gives nine instances where Cong. controlled suff, 387; unfair process for wom. suff, 390; western campaigning, 404; at Nashville conv. refers to Andrew Jackson and Chief Justice Marshall, asks why southern men so progressive in their day and so reactionary now, 409; 419; resigns office, 424; 450; at mem. service for Dr. Shaw, 611; 613; org. Miss. Valley Conf, 667-8; at Repub. Natl. Conv, 1908, 703; bef. Repub. Res. Com. in 1912; seconds Roosevelt's nomination, 705; for wom. suff. plank in Progressive platform, 706.

Additon, Lucia Faxon, 120.

Advisory Committee on Woman Suffrage in Senate, 413-14; approves Shafroth Amend, 415.

Alabama, peculiar chivalry, 36; hostility of members of Cong. to Fed. Suff. Amend, 516.

Alaska, wom. suff. granted, 366, 370, 625.

Alaska - Yukon - Pacific Exposition, 243; great beauty, suff. day, 264-5.

Alden, Cynthia Westover, 258.

Allen, Florence E, in Independence Square, 333; advises amending city charters for wom. suff, 494; 617; 662.

Allen, Gov. Henry J. (Kans.), addresses suff. conv, 576; calls spec, session to ratify Fed. Amend, 650.

Allen, Mrs. Henry Ware, at suff. hearing; world calls for mother voice, 578, 581.

Allender, Nina, 366.

Amalgamated Copper Co, works against wom. suff, 421.

Amendments, State, failure of campaigns for, xvii; Natl. Assn. assists, xvii, 1, 2; difficulty of, xviii; requirements in different States; record of, 403; in New York, 417; defeated in 1915 in Mass, N. Y, Penn. and N. J, but reed, million and a quarter votes, 439; campaigns for must have consent of Natl. Bd, 510; carried in Mich, S. Dak. and Okla, 550; the campaigns, 557; 620; 630; foundation of Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, 751.

American Constitutional League, at last suff. hearing, 583; tries to prevent proclaiming of Fed. Suff. Amend, 653; work against Amend, 680-682.

American Equal Rights Association, formed, 619; women desert, 621-2.

American Federation of Labor, endorses wom. suff, 205, 249; record of wom. suff. res, 301; 638.

American Woman Suffrage Association, 38; 311; formed, 622.

Americanization, Natl. Suff. Assn. works for, 724, 729, 732.

Ames, Mayor Albert A, (Minneapolis), 7.

Ammons, Prof. Theodosia, 52.

Anderson, Martha Scott, 21.

Anthony, U. S. Rep. Daniel R. (Kans.), 146; 288.

Anthony, Lucy E, 118; gives $1,000 to League of Women Voters in memory of her aunt, Susan B, 609; 757.

Anthony, Mary S, 45; 107; reads Decl. of Sentiments to conv, 144; death, 201; last message to suff. conv, 207; 276; assists memorial bldg. at Rochester University; scholarship, 744-5.

Anthony Memorial Building at Rochester University, 201; names of exec. com; list of donors; Miss Anthony's work for admission of girls; they commemorate her birthday; Pres. Rhees calls bldg. great contribution, 743-745.

Anthony, Susan B, work for Hist, of Wom. Suff, iii, iv, resigns as pres. of Natl. Amer. Suff. Assn, 1; at natl. conv. in Minneapolis, reads Mrs. Stanton's letter on church and wom. suff. and comments, 3-5; 9; appeal against "regulated" vice, 11; work on Congressl. Com, 11; vase presented, 13; interest in N. Y. Sun suff. dept, 14; presides and introduces pioneers, 16; extract from biography, 22; Clara Barton's tribute, 25; welcomes intl. suff. conf, had early idea of it, 26; presides at pioneer's meeting, 31; on eductl. qualif. for suff, 32; introd. Mr. Blackwell, 33; at teacher's conv, 34; 82d birthday celebr. in Washtn, 39; lack of self-consciousness, 41; on com. to interview Pres. Roosevelt, 44; pen picture of on suff. platform, 45; at natl. suff. conv. in New Orleans, 57; tribute to Mrs. Merrick, 58; flowers presented from Phyllis Wheatly Club, 60; presides at conv, 64; 67; tribute to Mrs. Stanton, 73-4; writes to Govs. of equal suff. States, 87; dele. to intl. suff. conv. in Berlin, 87; attends White House reception, tells Pres. Roosevelt to expect the suffs; Alice Roosevelt greets, 88; 84th birthday celebr. in Washtn, 98; incident, 99; Mrs. Catt's tribute, 100; presides on Colo, evening, 100; women pledge loyalty, 102; 107; tribute to Miss Barton, who responds, 109; presides at Senate hearing, says she has appealed to seventeen Congresses, urges a report for the last time, 110-11; recep. by Chicago Woman's Club and others en route to Portland, 117-18; entertained by U.S. Sen. and Mrs. Carey in Cheyenne, 118; responds to greetings to natl. suff. conv, receives ovation, tells of Mrs. Stanton's and her visit to Ore. in '71 and early opposition, 120, 121; presides at first session, pen picture of, not always roses that were thrown, 122; introduces Mrs. Duniway, 123; tells of her paper, The Revolution, 132; speaks at unveiling of Sacajawea statue, 133; recep. on Expos. grounds, central figure, tribute of Miss Blackwell, 134; appeal to Pres. Roosevelt, 137; fills pulpit in Portland, 140; would not compel natl. suff. convs. to be held in Washtn, 147; for helping Ore. campaign, 147; fervent appeal, 149; dedicates park in Chico, cordial recep. in Calif, 150; attends her last suff. conv, 151; tribute of Clara Barton, 154; Pres. M. Carey Thomas and Miss Mary E. Garrett assure her of their interest in the natl. conv. in Baltimore, 167; guest of Miss Garrett, very ill but goes to conv. on college evening; warmly greeted; account of Baltimore American, great triumph, 167-8; tribute of women college presidents and professors, 168-173; supreme moment, her response, 173; Miss Garrett's social functions in her honor, 182; Dr. Thomas and Miss Garrett promise her to raise large fund for suff. work; her great happiness, 183; gives birthday money to Ore. campaign, 184; last words to a suff. conv, 185; not able to attend Congressl. hearing, 188; last birthday celebr. in Washtn, letters of congratulation, places work in Dr. Shaw's charge, pays tribute to the suff. workers, speaks last words in public, 191-2; Lorado Taft's bust of, 193; Dr. Shaw's farewell tribute, Miss Anthony never missed natl. suff. convs, 201; plans for memorials, 201-2; Mrs. Johnson's bust of; mem. bldg. in Rochester; mem. fund, 200-1; celebr. of birthday, 1907, mem. services, 202-4; favorite poem, 203; champion of colored race, 203; wide comment of press on her death, magazine articles, accounts of funeral, 204 leaves Hist. of Wom. Suff. to Natl. Assn, 205; 214; Mrs. Lewis gives Natl. Assn. $10,000 in her memory, 236; wanted stenog. rept. of Dr. Shaw's speeches, 252; memorial fund, 253, 287; urged bequests for wom. suff, 276; at first wom. suff. hearings, 306; early visit to Ky, 311; writes Women's Decl. of Rights, 333; at Senate hearings, 347; secured reports from coms. of Cong, 377; argument for Fed. Suff. Amend. bef. Judic. Com, 428; urges Dr. Shaw to accept presidency; places duty in her hands but would be satisfied with Mrs. Catt, 455-6; Dr. Shaw wishes she could know present Senate com, 466; address to Cong. in 1866, 521; Susan B. Anthony room at natl. suff. headquarters, 527; collections for assn. in early days, 541; 546; 561; U.S. Sen. Shafroth helped, 566; mem. meeting at natl. suff. conv, Dr. Shaw's and Mrs. Avery's reminis, 569; centennial to be celebr. by assn, 574; at suff. hearings, 581; 609; 611; first meets Dr. Shaw, 612; celebr. of 100th birthday by natl. suff. conv.; tribute of Dr. Shaw; program of exercises, 615-16; enters wom. suff. movement, calls first conv. after Civil War, 618; her first demand and work for Fed. Suff. Amend; opposes 14th and 15th Amends, 619; in her paper, The Revolution, 620-1; arranges first conv. in Washtn, 621; scores Amer. Rights Assn, deserts it and forms Natl. Wom. Suff. Assn, 621-2; in eight campaigns, 624; 661; 664; last birthday letter to Mrs. Stanton, 741; work for admis. of girls to Rochester University; memorial bldg. for her, 743; her portrait over fireplace, birthday celebr. each year, 744; scholarship, 745; has natl. suff. headqrs. in Rochester, N. Y, till 1890; later in Washtn.; still later in Phila, then back to Rochester, 754; last words, 751; see Susan B. Anthony Amend.

Anti-Suffrage Associations, weakness of, xix; in Australia, 92; undeveloped women, 223; 235; Natl. Assn. asks Pres. Taft not to welcome suff. conv, 269; urges Cong. not to grant petition of suffs, 299; at Congressl. hearing in 1912, 354, 362-3; at hearing on appointmt. of Wom. Suff. Com, 383; Mrs. Arthur M. Dodge presides, list of speakers, 391; Natl. Assn. membership compared with that of Natl Suff. Assn, same with petitions, 392; 394; U.S. Sen. Lea answers, 408; work in Mont, 421; bef. House Judic. Com. to oppose Fed. Suff. Amend, 1914, 436; membership analyzed, 437; bef. Senate Com, 467; bef. House com, 476; com. "heckles" speakers, 467, 476; some male speakers appear, 478-9; expenditures of men's associations to defeat wom. suff. amends, in N. Y, Penn. and Mass, 478-9; alliance with liquor interests, 486; Natl. Assn. holds one day conv. in Washtn. hotel, re-elects Mrs. Wadsworth pres, makes Mrs. Lansing secy, 536; at Senate com. hearing, 1916, 548; at last suff. hearing, 1918, 577; misrepresents Pres. Wilson on Fed. Amend, 580; two members of men's assn. occupy whole day, 583; hearing continued, 584-589; 592; last efforts, 597; 635; first heard in Washtn, com. in Mass, assn. org. there, officers, Remonstrance published, 678; coms. and assns. in N.Y. and other States, Natl. Assn. formed, officers, work, headqrs, papers published, 678; Men's assns. organized, officers, various branches, work, name changed, 680; oppose. Fed. Suff. Amend, in Cong. and ratif. by States; take cases to the courts, 681-2; at Rep. Natl. Conv. in 1912, 710; 1916, 711; at Dem, 712; attack Mrs. Catt and other suffs, during the war, Mrs. Catt makes defense, 735-737.

Arizona, Gov. Brodie vetoes Wom. Suff. Bill, 67; admission to Statehood, 129-30; Natl. Assn. helps suff. work, 253; gives majority vote for wom. suff, 332; 337; 625.

Arkansas, gives Primary suff. to women, xxiii, 516; dele. to suff. conv. reed, by Pres. Wilson, 516.

Armistice, effect on wom. suff, 551.

Armstrong, Eliza, 391.

Arthur, Clara B, 76; 219; 337.

Ashley, Jessie, Natl. treas. report, 315; re-elected, 324; reports $55,200 receipts for 1912, 341; 342; 372.

Ashurst, U. S. Sen. Henry F, urges wom. suff, 380; Senate speech, 405; 626-7; speaks for Fed. Amend, 645.

Asquith, Prime Minister Herbert H. (Gt. Brit.), 281; 331.

Atlantic City, entertains natl. suff. conv. in 1916, 480.

Australia, grants natl. suff. to women, 55; Mrs. Watson-Lister describes, 91.

Avery, Rachel Foster, 11; 12; testimonial to, 17; 44; on Phila. women in civic work, 65; chmn. Anthony mem. fund com, 202; tribute to Miss Anthony, 203; re-elected to Natl. Bd, 204; 216; report on natl. petit, for Fed. Suff. Amend, 258; vast work of petit, 274; resigns office, 282; urges fav. rept. on petit, 297; 540; reminis. of suff. pioneers, 569-70; 21 years cor. secy. Natl. Assn, 607; 704; has charge of natl. suff. headqrs. in Phila, 754.

Avery, Susan Look, 328.

Axtel, Frances C, 540.

B.

Babcock, Elnora M, 10; work with press, 10; 14; natl. chmn. Press Com, gives rept, 44; 61-2; 95; wide work of natl. press dept, 131; makes last rept, efficient work, 163.

Bacharach, Mayor Harry, presents key to Atlantic City to Mrs. Catt, 481.

Bacon, Anna Anthony, 333.

Bacon, Elizabeth D, 188.

Bagley, Mrs. Frederick P, reports for natl. assn's, war com. on Americanization, 520; 560; 690; chmn. Amer. citizenship, 697; work for Americanization, 729, 732.

Bailey, ex-U. S. Sen. Joseph W, star speaker for "antis" at last suff. hearing; women cannot perform sheriff's duties or jury or military service; have no time to vote; men can make laws for them; single standard of morals "iridescent dream"; flouts petitions from his constituents, 586-589; Mrs. Catt answers, 590; he leaves the room, 592; Texas women defeat for Governor, 589.

Baker, Abby Scott, 718.

Baker, La Reine, 246; 286.

Baker, Secretary of War Newton D, addresses natl. suff. conv; the war will bring broadening of liberty to women, 532; favors Fed. Suff. Amend, 580; speaks at suff. meeting and carries message to Pres. Wilson, 724-5; tribute to Dr. Shaw and Woman's Com. Natl. Defense, 739; presents disting. service medal to Dr. Shaw, 758.

Baker, Mrs. Newton D, 515-16; sings for natl. conv, 526.

Baldwin, Mrs. Felix, 395.

Balentine, Katharine Reed, 217-18; danger in women's disfranchisement, 237; 319.

Ball, U. S. Sen. J. Heisler, 641.

Ballantyne, Grace H, 219; 239.

Baltimore, entertains natl. suff. conv, a noteworthy meeting, 151.

Banker, Henrietta L, bequest to Natl. Assn, 130.

Barber, Mrs. A. L, 13; receives conv, 45.

Barker, Pres. H. S. (Ky. University), 408.

Barkley, Edna M, 570; 669.

Barnard College, Chair of Amer. Citizenship, mem. to Dr. Shaw, 613.

Barnhart, U. S. Rep. Henry A. (Ind.), 637.

Barnum, Gertrude, says suff. movement needs working women, 165.

Barrett, Kate Waller, speaks for Intl. Council; safety of the country depends on women's having a vote, 410.

Barrett, Mrs. Seymour, 519.

Barrows, Isabel C, 176.

Barrows, Rev. Samuel J, 96.

Bartol, Emma J, 208.

Barton, Clara, at intl. suff. conv, address, 24, 25; 67; receives natl. suff. conv, 99; gives adherence to Miss Anthony, who responds, 109; at natl. suff. conv. in Baltimore, 151; pen picture of, tribute to Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony, wom. suff. near, 154; 208; 258; 288; Natl. Suff. Assn. endorses bill for mem. to her in Red Cross bldg. in Washtn, 502; Dr. Shaw speaks of unworthy treatment of her work, 540; at first suff. conv. in Washtn, 621.

Bass, Mrs. George, bef. Senate com. shows women's work in the home, schools, factories, offices, philanthropies handicapped without the ballot, 464-5; bef. House com, 472; on limited suff, 495; urges women to help finance war, 533-4; on Congressl. Com, 567; protests against "antis'" use of Pres. Wilson's name, 580.

Bates, Eleanor, 609.

Baur, Mrs. Jacob, 687.

Bazar, natl, in New York, 12, 13.

Beard, Mary Ritter, 366; bef. Com. on Rules, shows small constituencies back of southern members; asks them not to abuse their power, 388; bef. House Judic. Com, demolishes State's rights argument against wom. suff; gives record of Dem. party, 430-432; 547; 675.

Beck, Solicitor Genl. James M, 655.

Bedford, Mrs. J. Claude, 490.

Beeber, Judge Dimner, 340; 674.

Beecher, Henry Ward, 1; 622.

Belden, Evelyn H, 109.

Belford, Helen, 102.

Belgium, 243.

Bellamy, Mary G, member Wyo. Legislature, 516; 568.

Belmont, Mrs. Oliver H. P, offers to assist taking natl. suff. headqrs. to New York, conv. accepts and thanks, 253; maintains natl. suff. press dept, 276-7; 286; recog. of her support of press bureau, 288; 341; moves to take natl. suff. headqrs. from New York to Washtn, natl. officers oppose, 381; gives $10,000 to South. Wom. Conf, 672; 675; chmn. exec. com. Natl. Wom. Party, 677; gives it natl. headqrs, 678; contributes to Natl. Assn. headqrs, 754.

Benedict, Crystal Eastman, 346; 366; bef. House Judic. Com, tells Dem. members their party will be held responsible for Fed. Suff. Amend; they object, 429-30; 675.

Bennett, Belle, 288.

Bennett, Mrs. M. Toscan, objections to Shafroth Palmer Amend, 747.

Bennett, Sarah Clay, on Fed. Suff, 12; 45; urges a Fed. Elections Bill, 62, 65, 424; 501; 659.

Berger, U. S. Rep. Victor L. (Wis.), wom. suff. necessary from polit. and economic standpoint; women who do the same work as men could enforce an equal wage rate, 361.

Beveridge, U. S. Sen. Albert J, 129; 291; for wom. suff. plank in Progressive platform, 706-7.

Bible, edicts on women are perverted by men, 222.

Bidwell, Annie K, 150.

Bigelow, Rev. Herbert S, 184; 207.

Biggars, Kate L, 211.

Bissell, Emily P, 391; 478.

Bitting, Rev. W. C, 561.

Bjorkman, Frances Maule, 335; report of Lit. Com, 368; 405.

Black, Hannah, 564.

Blackwelder, Gertrude, 198; pres. Chicago Woman's Club, receives Natl. Suff. conv, 206; 703.

Blackwell, Alice Stone, 11; 13; 21; edits Progress, 35; 44; addresses Senate Com, 48; 60; how to please editors, 62; tribute to Mrs. Hussey, 73; prepares Decl. of Principles, 87; writes of Wyo, 118; of Portland conv, 119; 133; reminis. of mother and aunts Elizabeth and Emily, 133; tribute to Miss Anthony, 134; 149; 176; presents testimony from equal suff. States to coms. of Cong. 190; 199; 202; 210; 244; makes "exhibit" of liquor dealers anti wom. suff. circular, 247; 249; 257; retires as rec. secy. after 20 yrs; work on Woman's Journal, conv. thanks, 260; account of expos. and suff. day in Seattle, 264-5; comment on Pres. Taft's speech to natl. suff. conv, 273; misses conv. of 1910, 280; 282; 288; offers to make Woman's Journal offic. organ of Natl. Assn; accepted, 289; edits Woman's Journal, 311; answer to Barry's article on Colo, 315; has to resume charge of Woman's Journal, 337; tribute to men, 340; refutes statements of "antis" at hearing bef. House Com. on Rules in 35 pages of fine print, complete answer, 391-393; 409; supports Shafroth Amend, 422; 444; presents resolutions, 460; addresses House com, 471; gives reminis. of pioneers, conv. pays tribute to her, 569; presents 14 resolutions, 574; at Anthony celebr, 615; 660; 704; defends Shafroth Palmer Amend, but criticises, 749.

Blackwell, Antoinette Brown, on chivalry, 33; 118; at Portland conv, 133, 138; Mrs. Catt's tribute, 139; 140; goes to Alaska, 149; 179; 188; 214; tells of early days at Oberlin Coll, 220; 278; 288; natl. conv. sends greetings, 501, 559, 610; farewell words for Mrs. Stanton, 741.

Blackwell, Dr. Elizabeth, 278.

Blackwell, Dr. Emily, 328.

Blackwell, Henry B, Mrs. Catt introd. to conv, refers to marriage; he urges effort for Pres. suff. for women, 12; presents resolutions, 15; tells of marriage, 33; 35; 42; reports on Pres. suff, argument for, 43; "the open door", 62; 67; 68; tribute to Deborah and the Jewish race, 69; work in Colo, 105; 118; 130; speaks against class govt.; Portland Journal pays tribute, 142; physical vigor, 143; presents resolutions, 145-6; natl. conv. expresses appreciation, 146; 147; 148; 149; chmn. Res. Com, 179; 187; pays tribute to Miss Anthony, 203; 210; 212; 219; presents resolutions showing women's great progress, 240; at Spokane, 246; report on Pres. Suff. and resolutions, his last suff. conv, 257; 260; audience rises to greet, 261; mem. service at natl. suff. conv. of 1910; tributes of Mrs. Villard, Mrs. McCulloch, Miss Campbell, Miss Miller and Dr. Shaw, 277-280; natl. suff. conv. passes resolution of indebtedness, 569.

Blair, Emily Newell, writes history of Woman's Com. Council of Natl. Defense, 737, 739.

Blair, U. S. Sen. Henry W, 45; secures first Senate vote on wom. suff, 624.

Blake, Katharine Devereux, campaign work in West, 404; in N. Y, 519.

Blankenburg, Lucretia L, addresses Senate Com, 47; shows need of women's votes in Phila, 72-3; dele. to Berlin suff. conf, 87; 92; report on laws for women, 137; on women's Phila. civic campaign and the way they were ignored, 177; 188; 210; brings to suff. conv. greetings Genl. Fed. of Clubs, 215; report on legis. for women, 236; same, 259; greets natl. suff. conv. in Phila, 333-4.

Blankenburg, Mayor Rudolph, on educatl. qualif. for suff, 77; 177; welcomes natl. suff. conv. to Phila, 333.

Blanton, U. S. Rep. Thomas L. (Tex.), 584; presents petition for wom. suff, 588.

Blatch, Harriot Stanton, 81; 92; 111; 220; speaks of Mrs. Stanton's clear vision, saw need of suff. for women, 222-3; workingwomen's need of vote, 232; demonstrates out-door meetings, 286; objects to Shafroth Amend, 423; 675; at Repub. natl. convention of 1908, 703; of 1916, 711.

Blount, Dr. Anna E, shows women doctors' need of suff, 294; 317.

Blount, Lucia E, 656.

Bock, Annie, 391.

Booth, Elizabeth K, work for Pres. suff. in Ills, 370; 381.

Booth, Maud Ballington, addresses natl. suff. conv, 179.

Booth, Mrs. Sherman M, on Congressl. Com, 411-12; 414-15; card catalogues membs. of Cong, 418; at hearing, 427.

Borah, U. S. Sen. William E, opp. Fed. Suff. Amend, 413; effort for wom. suff. plank in Natl. Repub. platform, 510; refuses to represent his State on Fed. Amend, 598; 645; for wom. suff. plank in 1916, 709, 711.

Boutwell, Gov. George S. (Mass.), 146.

Bowen, Mrs. Joseph T, 341-2; shows need for women police, Judges and jurors, 705.

Bowne, Prof. Borden P, 280.

Boyd, Mary Sumner, report of natl. Research Bureau, 443; same, 494; 531; invaluable service, 571; 690.

Boyer, Ida Porter, 62; 77; tells of lax system in libraries, 94; 110; makes bibliog. of wom. suff, 130; sent to help Ore. campaign, 163; 208; 210; rept. on libraries, 236; 261; 395; at Anthony celebr, 615; ed. New Southern Citizen, 672.

Brackenridge, Eleanor, 328.

Bradford, Mary C. C, presents gavel to Mrs. Catt, 6; 20; effect of wom. suff. in Colo, 102, 112; 208; on Congressl. Com, 411; pres. Natl. Educ. Assn, dele. natl. suff. conv, 515; same, St. Supt. of Educ, 517.

Braly, J. H, 288; tells of Calif. victory and work of Polit. Equal. League; presents State flag to Natl. Assn, 317-319.

Brandegee, U. S. Sen. Frank B, 638; 645.

Brannan, Mrs. John Winters, 675.

Breckinridge, Desha, 329.

Breckinridge, Mrs. Desha, on Prospect of Woman Suffrage in the South; Dem. party may secure it; would insure preponderance of Anglo-Saxon over the African, 330; on. com. to ask Pres. Wilson for interview on wom. suff, 374; 381; at hearing bef. Com. on Rules, shows right of southern women to ask for Fed. Amend, 387; women's part in war justifies their demand, 410; on Congressl. Com, 411; suggests special campn. com, its members, 418-19-20; 425; speaks at Anthony celebr, 615.

Breckinridge, Prof. Sophonisba, need of Munic. suff. for women, 195; all classes need ballot, 226; 229; addresses natl. suff. conv, 322; elected vice-pres, 324; helps sub-station for suff. lit. in Chicago, 335; 342; 346; 661; 705.

Brehaut, Ella C, opp. wom. suff, 363.

Brehm, Marie C, 180-1.

Brent, Mistress Margaret, 156.

Brewer, Justice U. S. Sup. Ct. David J, 280.

Brewer, Mary Grey, 556.

Breyman, Mrs. Arthur H, 120; 134.

Bright, John and Jacob, 31.

Bright, William H, 34.

Bristow, U. S. Sen. Joseph L, on Shafroth Amend, 415.

British Colonies, women vote in, 111.

Brock, Mrs. Horace, 479; 679.

Bronson, Minnie, secy. Natl. Anti-Suff. Assn, 391; 437; 548; at last suff. hearing, 584; at Natl. Repub. Conv, 711.

Brooks, Mrs. Charles H, 541; director, Natl. Suff. Assn, 559; chmn. League of Women Voters, 570; 685; 687; 689.

Brooks, John Graham, 674.

Brougher, Rev. J. Whitcomb, 140.

Brown, Jennie A, addresses Senate com, 48.

Brown, Rev. Olympia, at natl. conv. in Minneapolis, 3; 17; 18; conv. sermon, 20; in Washtn, 33; in Baltimore, 35; addresses Sen. Com, 47; 179; 219; 341; prepares mem. to Mrs. Colby, 540; guest of honor at Jubilee conv, 610; speaks at Pioneer suff. luncheon, 615; on last evening, 617; heads Fed. Suff. Assn, 656-659; at Repub. Natl. Conv, 703; objections to Shafroth Palmer Amend, 748.

Brown, Mrs. Raymond, 314; 339; 372; rept. on N. Y. campn, 409; 423; 444; 450; presents res. to make Dr. Shaw hon. pres, 457; 519; elected natl. vice-pres, 541; 555; rept. on Oversea Hospitals, 560, 568; raises fund for League of Women Voters, 609; Oversea Hospitals, 614; at Anthony celebr, 615; 685; 689; 716; full rept. of work of women's Oversea Hospitals during the war, 732-734.

Brownlow, Mrs. Louis, 567.

Bruce, Laura, bequest to Natl. Assn, 127.

Bruns, Dr. Henry Dixon, addresses natl. suff. conv, 66.

Bryan, U. S. Rep. J. W. (Wash), 377.

Bryan, Mrs. J. W, 382.

Bryan, William Jennings, helps wom. suff, xxi; speaks for it in Neb, 402; 435; supports Fed. Suff. Amend, 634; same, 642; at Dem. Natl. conv. 1912, 708; endorses wom. suff. in 1915, 708.

Bryn Mawr College Foundation in Politics, mem. to Dr. Shaw, 613.

Buckley, Lila Sabin, bequest to Natl. Assn, 442.

Buffalo, entertains natl. suff. conf. 1901, 35; same, 1908, 213.

Bulkley, Mary, 559.

Burke, Alice, 6,000 mile motor suff. trip, 481.

Burleson, Mrs. Albert Sidney, 382; 515.

Burnett, Frances Hodgson, for wom. suff, 297.

Burns, Frances E, 426.

Burns, Lucy, 364; 370; 377; in Eng. "militant" movement; on Natl. Congressl. Com, 377-8; resigns, 381; 454; 675.

Bush, Ada, 717.

Butler, U. S. Sen. Marion, 711.

Butler, Pres. Nicholas Murray, 613.

Butt, Hala Hammond, on restricted suff, 75.

Bynner, Witter, 611.

Byrns, Elinor, rept. of Natl. Press Com, 368; same, 405-6.

C.

Cabot, Mrs. J. Elliott, 678.

Calhoun, Judge William J, on Shafroth Suff. Amend, 414.

California, wom. suff. amend, carried, xx; same, 310; Dr. Shaw's comment; reports from State officials, 317; natl. conv. sends greetings, 328; anti-suff. petition fails, 398; contrib. to natl. suff. assn, 559; 625.

Calkins, Prof. Mary W, at natl. suff. conv. in Balto; what leaders of movement have a right to ask of college women, 168, 170.

Calls to convs. of Natl. Suff. Assn, at beginning of first 19 chapters.

Campaigns and Surveys, Mrs. Shuler's rept.; great progress in polit. parties; Mrs. Catt's plans for nation-wide Fed. Amend, campn. carried out; res. of protest against delay sent to Pres. Wilson from large orgztns. in this country and in Europe, 555; nearly every State visited by members of the Natl. Bd.; the work of the Press and Research bureaus, the bulletins and travelling libraries have extended over the country; resolutions have been put through Legislatures; polit. work has been done, 556-7.

Campaigns, State, fund for, given by Mrs. Quincy A. Shaw, 337; in 1912, 366, 368; Mrs. Catt shows usual weaknesses, 485; record of, 624; in New York Mrs. Catt describes, 753.

Campbell, Ida E, invites ass'n. to Canada, 400.

Campbell, Isabel, 52.

Campbell, Jane, satire on The Unbiased Editor, takes Mr. Bok for example, 174; 181; 199; mem. tribute to Mr. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 279; 333; 346.

Campbell, Margaret W, 137; 208.

Campbell, U. S. Rep. Philip P. (Kans.), 628.

Campbell, Mrs. Philip P, 515.

Canada, sends message to natl. suff. conv.; its natl. assn. hopes to greet members in Canada, 400; Natl. Eq. Franchise Union sends greetings to natl. suff. conv, 501; enfranchises women, 551; Natl. Suff. Assn. sends return greetings, 597.

Cannon, Speaker Joseph G, 711.

Cantrill, U.S. Rep. James C. (Ky.), offers res. for Wom. Suff. Com, 525; 548; 628; 633; 635.

Cantrill, Mrs. James C, 559.

Capen, Pres. Elmer H. (Tufts Coll.), 146.

Carey, U. S. Sen. Joseph M, addresses Council of Women Voters, 484.

Carey, U. S. Sen. and Mrs. Joseph M, 118.

Carey, Mrs. Joseph M, obtains suff. petit, 11.

Carpenter, Alice, 548.

Carter, Elizabeth C, pres. N. E. Fed. of Women's Clubs (colored), tribute to Dr. Shaw, 761.

Carter, Franklin, secy, of N. Y. Anti-Suff. Assn, 478.

Castle, M. B, 656.

Catholics, how enfranchised, 752.

Catron, U. S. Sen. Thomas B, 383; 626.

Catt, Carrie Chapman, elected natl. pres, xxii, 1; secures special legis. sessions, xxiii; at natl. suff. conv. in Minneapolis, 1901, address on obstacles to wom. suff, gavel presented; plan of work for Fed. Amend, orgztn, 3-22; appeal against "regulated" vice, 11; introd. Mr. Blackwell, 12; 20; arr. trip to Yellowstone, 21; at natl. conv. in Washtn, 1902, first steps toward Intl. Alliance, 24; introd. Clara Barton, 25; president's address, 29; presides over Congressl. hearing, 50; estab. natl. suff. headqrs. in New York, 34; 35; tour of States, 36; scores Seth Low, 38; card case presented, 40; on Miss Anthony's birthday, 41; obtains foreign reports, 41; 44; presides at Congressl. hearing, urges appoint. of a com. to investigate effects in equal suff. States, 46, 54; presides at natl. suff. conv. in New Orleans, 1903, 56-7; annual address, receives ovation, 59; work of natl. headqrs, 61; reports Cong. ignores appeals, 62; 65; 67; tributes to the dead, 73; says each State must decide race problem for itself, 83; lectures in New Orleans, 85; presides at natl. suff. conv. in Washtn. in 1904, 86; prepares Decl. of Principles, 87; dele. to Berlin intl. suff. conf, 87; tells of Miss Anthony's visit to White House, 88; pres. address, less illiteracy among women than men, would disfranchise for failure to vote, 90; presides over work conf, 94; speaks for peace and arbitration, 98; tribute on Miss Anthony's birthday, 100; work in Colo, 102, 105; compliments Ladies of the Maccabees, 107; resigns presidency of Natl. Assn, 107; its tribute; introd. Dr. Shaw; remains as vice-pres. at large, 108; presents Miss Anthony and Miss Barton, closes conv, 109-10; on success of wom. suff. in Colo, 115; urges House Judic. Com. to report on Fed. Suff. Amend, 116; recep. en route to Portland conv, 117, 118; responds to greetings to conv, 123; estab. "work conferences", 127; raises fund for Ore. campn, 130; presides at conv, tributes to speakers, 139; Fourth of July address, 144; tribute of Oregonian, 145; resigns vice-presidency, 145; for helping Ore. campn, 147; rept. on Intl. Suff. Alliance, 149, 150; would abolish proxy votes at conv. 161; rept. on Intl. Suff. Alliance; opens Evening with Women in History, says women are not the inferior sex, 180; brings Intl. Suff. Alliance greeting, 203; report as chmn. Congressl. Com, its work for Fed. Amend, 210; appoint. frat. dele. to Peace conf, 210; powerful speech, The Battle to the Strong, woman's hour has struck, 241; Dr. Shaw pays tribute, natl. conv. in Seattle sends greetings, 247; work as chmn. of natl. petit. for Fed. Suff. Amend, 258; added to Official Bd, 261; work on Fed. Amend. petition, her contrib, conv. expresses appreciation, 274-5; address ordered printed, 280; on Polit. Dist. Orgztn, 286; address bef. Senate Com. 1910, most men in U.S. received suff. from Govt. not States, 297, 745; leaflet on What to Do, 314; sends letter from South Africa to natl. suff. conv, 1911; "suffs. of two countries are actuated by the same motives, inspired by the same hopes, working to the same end;" letter of good wishes sent her with regrets for absence, 328; home from trip around world, address at natl. suff. conv, 1912; need for polit. power in hands of women to combat social evil, 345-6; speaks in Carnegie Hall, New York, 367; 372; inquires about Congressl. Union at natl. suff. conv. in 1913; has its report separated from that of Congressl. Com, 380-1; reviews advanced position of women and great responsibilities, 382; bef. House Com. on Rules asking for Wom. Suff. Com, says while Judic. Com. has been refusing to report a res. on wom. suff, 12 European countries have considered it; has spirited discussion with Rep. Hardwick; says men have not had to ask other men for the vote, 389; tells of N. Y. amend. campn, 444; explains to Alice Paul why Natl. Suff. Assn, cannot cooperate with Congressl. Union, 454; had persuaded Dr. Shaw to accept natl. presidency in 1904, 455; Dr. Shaw wants her to take it in 1915; her duties as pres. of Intl. Alliance and chmn. of N.Y. campn. com. prevent; pressure from delegates forces her to yield; unanimously elected, 456; Dr. Shaw casts first vote with tribute, 456-7; Mrs. Catt asks loyalty of members who show joy over her election, 458; addresses Washtn. mass meeting, resents Mr. Malone's assertion that women would vote for "preparedness" and declares they would settle disputes without war, 460; bef. Senate com. reviews way men got the vote, 465, (Appendix 745); account of four recent St. campns, tribute to Sen. Thomas, 465; presides at House hearing; says when a man believes in wom. suff. it is a natl. question and when he doesn't it is one for the States, 469; tells of great vote for wom. suff. during past year; parade in New York of 20,000 women, 12,000 public school teachers; in that city women must ask for it in 24 languages, there is no argument against it, 470; argues with Rep. Chandler whether a member should obey mandate of his district or broad principle of justice, 470-1; calls natl. suff. conv. to meet in Atlantic City, 1916, 480; mayor presents key to city, 481; report as chmn. of Campaign and Survey Com, had visited 23 States, members of the Natl. Bd. nearly all the others and questionnaires sent to all St. presidents; convinced crisis has been reached which if recognized will lead to speedy victory, 485; discusses recent Iowa campn.; shows its weaknesses, same as in all; lessons learned for future; methods of liquor interests and other "antis", alliance between them, 486; opens conv, 486; president's address on The Crisis, keynote of great campn, 488; declares Fed. Amend, only method; women must sit on steps of Cong.; a "call to arms," 489; introd. Pres. Wilson to natl. suff. conv, 496; asks Dr. Shaw to respond, 498; says no suggestion has been made to lessen work for Fed. Amend, 501; work with Cong, 503-4; for planks in party platforms, 505; calls on presidential candidates, 1916, 507; tribute from chmn. Natl. Congressl. Com, 509; presides over mass meeting Sunday afternoon, 511; closes the conv, 512; reception, with wives of Cabinet at suff. conv, 1917, 515; arr. for dele, to meet their Senators and Reps, 516; opens conv, thinks Cong. will not allow this country to be outstripped by Europe in giving suff. to women; urges necessity for war work, 517; presides at N. Y. victory meeting, 518; says Legis. can legally grant Pres. suff. to women, 520; president's address to Cong.; plea for Fed. Amend.; pen picture in Woman Citizen; in pamphlet form standard literature of Natl. Assn, 521-2; Dr. Shaw nominates her for office, 523; calls for nation-wide appeal for Fed. Amend, 523: escorts Hon. Jeannette Rankin to Capitol, 523; Mrs. Catt's tribute, 526; condemns "picketing", 530; presides at Amer. Women's War Serv. meeting in Washtn, 532; writes book on Fed. Amend, 532; originates suff. schools, 538; instructs organizers, 539; tribute to Rev. Olympia Brown, 540; re-elected pres, 541; first suggests League of Women Voters, 541; plan for million dollar fund, 541; contrib. to Natl. Assn, 542; closes conv. with "ringing words of inspiration," 545; presides at Senate hearing, April, 1917, believes it will be last, 545; says action of Govt. in denying suff. has "saddened women's lives"; thousands of copies circulated, 547; opens natl. suff. conv. 1919, gives president's address, The Nation Calls; outlines plan for Natl. League of Women Voters; names vital needs of Govt, 553; presented with illuminated testimonial by southern dele, 554; Govt. puts her on Woman's Com. of Natl. Defense and Liberty Loan Com, 555; carries for'd great campn. for Fed. Amend.; women of entire world owe thanks, 555-6; presides at "inquiry" dinner at St. Louis Conv, 561; announces suff. soc. in Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii and Philippines, 561; presides at meeting of suff. war workers, 564; work with Cong, 566; help to Congressl. Com, 567; urges dele. to conv. to "finish the fight," 569; outlines aims of League of Women Voters, 570; conv. adopts res. of apprec. and loyalty, 575; closing speech on Looking Forward, 576; at last suff. hearing, 577; reads testimony from South, 580; 581; address to com.; analyzes "negro problem"; scores attitude of southern members on Fed. Amend, 582; tells members of com. to have conf. with Pres. Wilson, 583; answers speech of ex-Sen. Bailey; he reminds her of pres. of Harvard who said there were witches and Daniel Webster who objected to admitting western States to the Union; tells of Premier Asquith's change of views; heard such speeches 40 years ago; Mr. Bailey leaves room, 590-592; presides at last natl. suff. conv, 596; responds to greetings, gives president's address, says Fed. Amend. close at hand, 597; describes spec. sessions of Legis. to obtain; both Repubs. and Dems. responsible for delay; unsullied record of Natl. Suff. Assn.; its vast work, 598-9; pities those not in it; tribute to pioneers, 599; Pres. Wilson sends greetings, 599; 602; asks southern women to state help desired from Natl. Assn; granted, 603; her immense work for Fed. Amend, 604; for ratification, having special sessions called, Legis. polled, commissns. of women sent, etc, 604-606; Mrs. Shuler's tribute, 605; western trip for Amend, 606; presides at ratif. banquet, 610; eulogy at Dr. Shaw's mem. service, 612; founds Leslie Bureau of Educatn, 614; gives honor rolls to early workers; suffs. present with diamond pin; asks Mrs. Upton to respond, 616; closes Victory conv. and opens School for Polit. Education, 617; escorts Rep. Jeannette Rankin to Capitol, 632; addresses Senate Com, 633; Pres. Wilson congratulates, 634; 635; Mrs. Catt sends to Repub. and Dem. Natl. chairmen a summary of votes on Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, thanking their parties and dividing the credit; tribute to Pres. Wilson, 648; says women are not bound to either party, 649; plans and works for ratification, 649 et seq. (See Ratification.) Mass meeting in Washtn. to greet Mrs. Catt and workers for ratif. in Tenn; Pres. Wilson sends message; Gov. Smith welcomes at railroad station in New York, 652; addresses Friends' Eq. Rights Assn, 665; Miss. Valley Conf. in Minnesota, 669; in Ohio, 670; calls Exec. Council meeting in Indpls, 670; launches League of Women Voters, 681-4-5; 689; 690; offers assistance of Leslie Commissn, 698; conducts school for polit. educatn, 698-9; sends letter to delegates of natl. pres. convs. in 1916; addresses mass meeting in Chicago, 709; marches in parade, 710; secures plank, 711; asks Pres. Wilson meaning of Dem. suff. plank, 714; 716; calls Exec. Council of Natl. Suff. Assn. to consider helping Govt. in war work, 720; speaks on Impending Crisis, deprecates war, 724; on Woman's Com. Natl. Defense, 726; asks equal pay for equal work, 728-9; resents attacks of anti-suffs. during the war and answers them, 736-7; after war calls meeting and urges appt. of some women to Peace Conf; President and Govt. ignore them, 738; address before Senate com. in 1910, Federal Enfranchisement of Men, 745; in 1915, progress of men's enfranchisement, different treatment of women, small effort by men; how Jews and Catholics obtained suff; land qualif. removed; immense effort of women; plea for Fed. Amend, 752-754; natl. suff. headqrs, under her presidency, 754-5; opens natl. suff. headqrs, in N. Y. City in 1905 and again in 1916; branch headqrs. in Washtn. in 1916, 754; calls Exec. Council to meet in Cleveland in 1921; later in New York, to arr. end of Natl. Amer. Wom. Suff. Assn, 756-7.

Catt, George W, 180.

Chamberlain, Gov. George E. (Ore.), welcomes suff. conv, 122; as U. S. Senator, 547.

Chandler, U. S. Rep. Walter M. (N. Y.), 470.

Chapin, Rev. Augusta, 146.

Chapman, Mariana W, 20; 42; 47; 67; 665.

Charleston, S. C, wom. suff. conf, 35.

Chase, Mary N, 81; 141; 261.

Cheney, Ednah D, 146.

Chicago, entertains natl. suff. conv. 1907, 193; women petit. for Munic. suff, 392; their power doubled when gained, 394; entertains natl. conv. 1920, 594.

Child Labor, 20; Mrs. Kelley speaks on, 141, 143; Natl. Suff. Assn. calls for legislation, 145; Mrs. Kelley shows backwardness of U. S, 164; natl. suff. conv. protests against, 212; its end waits on wom. suff, 302; Dr. Lovejoy shows help of women in securing natl. law; need of women in politics, 500.

Chittenden, Alice Hill, 391; 437; 711; Mrs. Catt refutes her attacks during the war, 736.

Church and Woman Suffrage; Mrs. Stanton's views, Miss Anthony's, Dr. Shaw's, Olympia Brown's, 4, 5. Ministers at natl. suff. convs. listed in each chapter; church work for wom. suff, 63; 162; in 1908, 224; women comprising two thirds of membership demand ballot, 267; effort to secure admission of women to M. E. Genl. Conf, South, 288; religious gatherings addressed on wom. suff. ministers asked to preach on it, 325; thousands asked to preach on it Mother's Day, 338; apathy of women for suff, clergy favor, 370; southern Ministerial Assns. friendly to wom, suff.; at Miss. Valley Conf. in Des Moines 18 pulpits filled by delegates; letters sent to 4,000 clergymen asking for wom. stiff, in sermons on Mother's Day, 407; work in N. J. and W. Va, 448; see Clergy.

Churchill, Isabella, 102.

Churchill, Mrs. Winston, 442.

Citizenship Schools, 607; 690.

Clapp, U. S. Sen. Moses E, invites natl. suff. conv. to St. Paul, 382; 383; on suff. platform, 459; 626.

Clark, Speaker Champ, helps wom. suff, xxi; name applauded at suff. conv, 402; invites Dr. Shaw to Speaker's bench, 440; assists Congressl. Com, 451; 515; promises vote for Fed. Amend, 516; supports creation of Com. on Wom. Suff, 524-5; assists in vote for Fed. Amend, 562; advises new res. for Amend, 577; assists Amend, 629, 633-4-5; promises vote for, 637; endorses wom. suff, 708.

Clark, Mrs. Champ, greetings to natl. suff. conv, 341; sends flowers to, 446.

Clark, U. S. Rep. Clarence D. (Wyo.), 657.

Clark, U. S. Rep. Frank (Fla.), 384.

Clark, Gov. George W. (Iowa), 668.

Clark, Mrs. Orton H, 425.

Clark, Chief Justice Walter, 632.

Clarke, Grace Julian, 670.

Clarkson, Director U. S. Council of Natl. Defense Grosvenor B, tribute to Dr. Shaw, 760.

Clay, U. S. Sen. Alexander S, 291; 299.

Clay, Laura, address to conv. 1901, 13; 20; 35; 42; 89; 98; 118; 127; 140; 180; 202; 211; 220-1; 244; 260; 265; responds to welcome of natl. suff. conv, 267; 282; 289; every protection which manhood can offer to womanhood should be extended, 305; social order depends on women, 308; founder and pres. Ky. Eq. Rights Assn, welcomes natl. suff. conv. to Louisville; recalls visits of the pioneers, Lucy Stone and Susan B Anthony; pays tribute to Men's Leagues for Wom. Suff, 311; makes suff. address bef. House of Governors, 314; has Natl. Suff. Bd. ask members of Cong, to empower woman to vote for U. S. Senators, 314; 334; for Fed. Elect. Bill, 424; explains it, 452; debate on future work of Natl. Assn, 486; speaks on U. S. Elections Bill, 495; conv. endorses, 501; 504; wants form of Fed. Amend, changed, 561; work for Fed. Elections Bill, 659, 660, 669; vice-pres. South Wom. Conf, 671.

Clay, Mary B, 208.

Clayton, Judge Henry D, presides at House hearing on wom. suff, photographed, 354; asks questions, 360-1; promises consideration and offers to "frank" the hearing reports, 363; 389.

Clement, Gov. Percival W. (Vt.), 653.

Clergy, in New Orleans endorse wom. suff, 56, 64, 68, 70; in Washtn, 98; objections reviewed, 138; changed attitude, 141; in Canada, 259; testimony in equal suff. States, 398. See names in footnotes of first 19 chapters of those officiating at natl. suff. convs.

Cleveland, President Grover, Dr. Shaw answers, 125; 131; she criticizes article against women's clubs, 158; second against wom. suff, 163; 166; 175.

Cockran, Mrs. Bourke, 258.

Codman, Mrs. J. M, 679.

Coe, Mrs. Henry Waldo, 120; 134.

Coggeshall, Mary J, 43; 89; tributes to, 139; 212; bequest to Natl. Suff. Assn, 442; used for Iowa campn, 485.

Colby, Secretary of State Bainbridge, proclaims Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, vi; xxiii; 652; effort to enjoin, 653-4; brings message from Pres. Wilson to suff. mass meeting, 652; Men's Anti-Suff. Assn. tries to prevent proclaiming Amend, 681-2.

Colby, Clara Bewick, Industrial Problems of Women, 19; 31; 35; shows Govt. and civil service unfair to women, 44; same, 63; ed. of Woman's Tribune, 132; 254; addresses House Judic. Com, describes past hearings, Mrs. Stanton's and Miss Anthony's speeches, 428; life work for Fed. Elections Bill, 452, 658; memorial to, 540.

College Women's Equal Suffrage League, formed, 159; object of, 171; fully org. in 1908, evening at natl. suff. conv, 226, 229-30; at natl. suff. conv. of 1909, 255; of 1910, 283; of 1911, 319; has an evening at conv, noted speakers, 320-1; debate at natl. suff. conv. in 1912 bet. suffs. and pretended "antis", 342; in 1914, 425; in 1915, 450; 483; deputation calls on President, 626; sketch of; organization, officers, 661-2-3; great force for wom. suff, 662; results among college women, 663; Pres. M. Carey Thomas's contribution, league dissolves, 664.

College Women's Evening at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 167; program of eminent speakers, 168; all tell of indebtedness to suff. leaders, 168-173; Miss Anthony's response, 173.

Collins, Emily P, 208.

Collins, Franklin W, anti-suff, 354.

Colorado, effect of wom. suff, 52; eminent speakers testify as to wom. suff, 100-105; Gov. Adams, Mrs. Grenfell and others refute charges, 112-115; U. S. Sen. Shafroth on election frauds, 114; highest testimony exonerates women, 114; wom. suff. re-affirmed by large majority, 115; Sen. Shafroth testifies as to wom. suff, 298; Rep. Rucker, same, 308; Men's Defense League, 312; Mrs. Dorr's article, 314; Richard Barry's slanders in Ladies Home Journal; thousands of copies of Miss Blackwell's answer sent to editor by women with protest, 314; report on wom. suff. by Rep. Taylor, 355, 357; women satisfied with suff, 393; Sen. Shafroth answers charges against it, 444; State gives wom. suff, 624.

Committee on Rules, natl. suff. conv. asks for an especial Com. on Wom. Suff, 373; grants a hearing in Dec, 1913, Dr. Shaw presides, "antis" out in force, 383; names of com, tie vote on reporting res, 397; grants a hearing 1917 and creates Wom. Suff. Com, 525, 548-9; names of Rules Com, 548; sets time for suff. debate in House, 593; 628; action of House Judic. Com, 631; Mrs. Park's report of Com. on Rules, 634-5.

Committee on Woman Suffrage, the natl. conv. of 1913 makes strenuous effort for in Lower House; appeals to Pres. Wilson to recommend, he approves, 373-376; three res. for presented, 380; Rep. Edward T. Taylor's referred to Com. on Rules, which grants hearings; "antis" out in force, 383; names of com, 384; tie vote on reporting, 397; in 1917 Pres. Wilson approves; Speaker Clark supports; all members from equal suff. States sign petition, 524; Com. on Rules grants hearing; creates desired com.; vote on, 525; House Judic. Com. had prevented it for years, 537-8; hearing for bef. Com. on Rules, May, 1917, 548; com. appointed, 549; it gives 4 days' hearing on Fed. Amend.; names of com, 577; reports favorably to House, 593; effort for com. in Lower House, 626, defeated, 628; full report, Pres. Wilson favors, House votes for, 633; names of com, 634; Judic. Com. hostile, 634; friendly "steering" com. names, 635.

Committees, of National American Woman Suffrage Association (special) for war work, 723, 725, 727, 730, 734; on State Councils of Natl. Defense, 726.

Committees, Senate, on Wom. Suff, 626; 632; 642; 645.

Conger-Kanecko, Josephine, 419.

Congress, United States, deaf to appeals for wom. suff, xvii, xviii; converted, xxi; votes on Fed. Amend, xxiii; no power to give wom. suff, xxiii; committees urged by suff. leaders to appt. com. to investigate results of equal suff, 49, 54, 353; they refuse, 54, 62, 363; many members kind and helpful, 508; first petitioned for wom. suff, 618-19; submits 14th and 15th Amends, 619-20; receives first petition for 16th, 622-3; insurgency in, 625; no. of members elected by women, 643; James Madison says it has right to confer suff, 657.

Congressional Committee of National American Woman Suffrage Association, Mrs. Catt reports for, 62; Emma M. Gillett's report; com. entered upon polit. work; letters sent to candidates for Cong. asking opinion on wom. suff.; dif. bet. Dems. and Repubs, 319; com. for 1913, tribute to by natl. cor. secy.; assn. cooperates, 366-368; in 1910-11-12, Mrs. William Kent chmn, 377; declines to serve longer, Alice Paul appt.; report for 1913; hearings bef. Senate and House coms.; processions, pilgrimages, deputations to Pres. Wilson, State campns, press work, etc; fav. report from Senate com.; reasons for progress, new Congressl. Com. appt, names of, headqrs, 380-1; Washtn. and Chicago officers, Mrs. Medill McCormick's work, 403-4; 409; com. for 1914, 411; protest against Congressl. Union's effort for Dem. caucus on forming Wom. Suff. Com, 412; members of Cong. canvassed, 413; Shafroth Amend. decided on, 414-15; attends hearing on the original amend, 415; its lobby, publicity and campn. work, 418-422; self-denial day, the "melting pot," 419; assists Neb, 421; natl. conv. appreciates its work, 422; on "blacklisting" candidates, 424; Ethel M. Smith's report; members of Cong. catalogued, pressure from women of home district to vote on Fed. Suff. Amend, checking up records, votes compared with those on Prohib. Amend.; work in Congressl. districts necessary to success, 448-450; Mrs. Funk's report, important work for vote on Fed. Amend.; for Shafroth Amend, 451; Mrs. McCormick's report, 452, 465; shows 6,500,000 votes cast for wom. suff. in 1915, 473; instructed by natl. conv. to concentrate forces on Fed. Amend, 501; report of work in 1916 by Mrs. Roessing, chmn, 503-511; effort for Fed. Amend. in Cong, fav. report from Senate Com.; Senators urged action, no vote taken, 503-4; unfair treatment by House Judic. Com, 504. (See pages to 511.) Names of Congressl. Com, headqrs, 506; its work divided into depts, lobby work, 506-7; report of Maud Wood Park, chmn, for 1917, 523-527; headqrs. in Washtn, Mrs. Miller's report, 526-7; report of Mrs. Park, 562-567; see ref. under Fed. Amend, 562; Mrs. Park praises members of com. and tells of their work; gives names, 566; at time of victory, 604; its work under Alice Paul, 625; under Ruth Hanna McCormick, 627-8; under Mrs. Frank M. Roessing, 630; under Maud Wood Park, 632; her report on effort for a Wom. Suff. Com. in House, 633; 671; 673; com. made up of many orgztns. under League of Women Voters, 701.

Congressional Record, report of debate on Fed. Suff. Amend, 563.

Congressional Union, (National Woman's Party), organized to assist Natl. Congressl. Com.; headqrs.; large work; first appears at natl. suff. conv. of 1913; Mrs. Catt will not recognize; proves to be orgztn. to duplicate work of Natl. Amer. Assn.; Natl. Bd. demands complete separation; it continues as independt. society, 380-1; urges Dems. in Cong. to caucus on forming Wom. Suff. Com.; disastrous result, decides on policy of fighting party in power, 412; 415; names Fed. Amend. Susan B. Anthony, 423; arr. suff. hearing, 427; speakers urge Fed. Amend, 429-434; difference in policy from Natl. Amer. Assn, 434, 471; House Judic. Com. asks its size, 434; fights the party in power, opp. re-election of best friends of wom. suff; res. offered in natl. suff. conv. of 1915 for com. to secure cooperation with Natl. Assn, 453; each orgztn. appoints five; Union declines to change policy; will duplicate the work of Assn. in States; no affiliation possible, 454; hope for dividing on lobby work given up, Union opens fight on Dem. party, 455; hearing bef. Senate com, 1915; list of speakers, 466-7; bef. House com, 473-476; com. "heckles" speakers, 474-476; result of its policy summed up, 475; hearings bef. Senate and House Coms, 547-549; account of orgztn. put in Congressl. Record, 571; at last suff. hearing, 577, 585; (Natl. Woman's Party) work with Congress, 629, 635; 656; organized by Alice Paul, officers, headqrs, object, 675; opp. party in power, convs. in San Francisco and Chicago, 676; "picketing" and "militancy," jail sentences, reorganizes, presents busts of pioneers to Cong, 677; seeks Fed. Amend. for civil rights of women, Mrs. Belmont presents headqrs. in Washtn, 678; at natl. Repub. conv. 1916, 710; at Dem. Natl. Conv, 719.

Connecticut, 98,000 women ask for Pres. suff. in vain, 602; ratif. of Fed. Amend, 653.

Conventions, annual, of National American Woman Suffrage Association, in Minneapolis, 1901, 3; Washington, 23; New Orleans, 55; Washington, 86; Portland, Ore, 117; Baltimore, 151; Chicago, 193; Buffalo, 213; Seattle, 243; Washington, 266; Louisville, 310; Philadelphia, 332; Washington, 364; Nashville, 398; Washington, 439; Atlantic City, 480; Washington, 513; St. Louis, 550; Chicago (last), 594. Names of speakers given in each: chronologically arranged in first 19 chapters; tribute to in Anthony Biography, 22.

Conventions, Woman's Rights, first ever held, 618; first in Washtn, 621.

Conway, Rev. Moncure D, funeral service for Mrs. Stanton, 741.

Cooke, Katharine, 100; 112.

Cooke, Marjorie Benton, 326.

Coover, Bertha, 328.

Costello, Ray (England), tribute of Buffalo Express, 227; 286.

Costigan, Mrs. Edward P, on tour for ratif, 606; 650; 687; 690; assn's. chmn. Food Supply and Demand, 694.

Cotnam, Mrs. T. T, shows injustice of Cong. to women, failure of America to stand by its ideals, 490-1; instructs suff. schools, 539; 541; 561; 610; at service for Dr. Shaw, 611.

Coudon, Chaplain Henry N, 540.

Council of Women Voters, 484; 495.

Court decisions, on length of women's work day, 306-7; in Ills, St. Supreme Court upholds Pres. suff, 407; in Texas, Primary suff. for women constitutl, 602; in Tenn. and Neb. Pres. and Munic. constitl, 602; on Miss Anthony's voting under 14th Amend, 622; on Mrs. Minor's attempt, 623; on referendum of Fed. Amends, Ohio St. Sup. Ct, U. S. Sup. Ct, 652; to prevent ratif. and proclaiming of Amend in D. C. and Md, 654-5; U. S. Sup. Ct. decision, 655; in D. C. on Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, 681; in Md, on its ratif, 682; in U. S. Sup. Ct. on its validity, 682.

Cowles, Commssr. Grace Espey Patton, 146.

Cowles, Mrs. Josiah Evans, 726.

Cox, Gov. James M. (Ohio), addresses wom. suff. conf, 670; as presidential candidate receives League of Women Voters, 701.

Cox, Mrs. Lewis J, 757.

Craigie, Mary E, chmn. church work, points out real opp. to wom. suff, 166: church work for wom. suff. in Canada, 259; 260-1; says church women are seeing need of suff, 267; church not appreciating the resources lying dormant with two-thirds of its membership disfranchised, 325; 338; 370; on church work in 1914, 407; church work most important to be done for wom. suff, must be non-sectarian and omni-sectarian, 448.

Crane, Rev. Caroline Bartlett, women must vote as well as pray, 223; addresses natl. suff. conv. in 1911, "politics a noble profession in which women long to engage," 322; 333; at mem. service for Dr. Shaw, 611; 703.

Crane, U. S. Sen. W. Murray, 711.

Crosby, John S, 39.

Crossett, Ella Hawley, 67; responds for New York, 215; 216; 262; on N. Y. campn, 518.

Crowley, Teresa A, 333; on Mass. campn, 409; 444.

Cuba, suff. soc. formed, 561.

Cummings, Homer S, chmn. Dem. Natl. Com, natl. suff. conv. thanks for help with Fed. Amend, 610; 638; helps ratif. in Tenn, 651.

Cummins, U. S. Sen. Albert B, 324.

Cummins, Mrs. Albert B, 382.

Cunningham, Minnie Fisher, 490; 556; 566; 570; on suff. commssn. to West, 605; 650.

D.

Dana, Paul, gives space in N. Y. Sun for wom. suff, 14.

Daniels, Secretary of the Navy Josephus, 382; 724.

Daniels, Mrs. Josephus, 382; 515; 564.

Dargan, Olive Tilford, 243.

Darlington, Rt. Rev. James Henry, congratulates suffs. and scores "antis," 345; 674.

Darrow, Clara L, tells of defeat in N. Dak, 402; 421.

Data Department (Research Bureau), org. 1915, 443.

Davenport, Mrs. John D, 444.

Davis, Dr. Katharine Bement, elected natl. vice-pres, 425; 456; 459; asks wom. suff. in the interest of good morals, 496; 499.

Day, Lucy Hobart, 48; 94; 98; 224.

De Baun, Anna, with Natl. Suff. Pub. Co, 482.

Deborah, 64; 69.

Decker, Sarah Platt, 258.

Declaration of Principles, presented to natl. conv. 1904, 87; 106; in full, reasons for demanding wom. suff, 742.

Deering, Mabel Craft, 133.

Delano, Jane, Red Cross and the War, 533.

Delemater, Eric, organist at mem. service for Dr. Shaw, 612.

De Merritte, Laura, 63.

Democratic National Committee, gives natl. suff. com. list of its candidates for Cong, 319; receives suff. speakers, 440; natl. suff. conv. thanks chmn. for help with Fed. Amend, 610; 638; 648; 651-2; urges Gov. Roberts to call spec. session of Tenn. Legis. to ratify Fed. Suff. Amend, 718.

Democratic National Conventions, Dr. Shaw describes one in Balto, 371; in 1916 refuses plank for Fed. Amend. but endorses wom. suff, 480; 505; action on wom. suff. planks in 1904, 703; in 1908, 704; in 1912, 707; great struggle in 1916, 710-12; in 1920 League of Women Voters' planks accepted, 701; women welcomed, strong Fed. Amend. plank adopted, full polit. recog. granted, 717-719.

Democratic Party, hostile to wom. suff, adopts plank, xxi; vote in Cong, xxiii; members in Cong. caucus against Wom. Suff. Com, 397, 412; Senators for State's rights, 413-14; reasons for holding it responsible for Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, 429; early leaders ignored State's rights, 430; this argument against wom. suff. demolished by its own record, 430-432; not strong enough in Cong. to submit Fed. Suff. Amend, 455; candidates for Cong. fought by Congressl. Union, 474; vote of members of Cong. on Wom. Suff. Com, 525; on Fed. Suff. Amend, 562-3, 565; folly in leaving victory to Repubs, 564; unfair caucus on Fed. Amend, 565, 642; members in Cong. responsible for delay of Fed. Suff. Amend, 598.

Democratic Vote in Congress on Fed. Amend, 624, 627, 629, 636, 640, 642, 644, 646; see 647-8-9.

Denison, Flora MacDonald, 540.

Denmark, greeting to suff. conv. in U. S, 135; 213; 243.

Dennett, Mary Ware, elected natl. cor. secy, 282; 289; in report of 1911, tells of vast work of natl. suff. headqrs. in New York; pushed plan of polit. dist. orgztn; sent out tens of thousands of suff. stamps and seals and scores of thousands of leaflets; letters to members of Cong. to give women a vote in direct election of U.S. Senators, etc, 313; re-elected, 324; report for 1912; 3,000,000 pieces of literature published, 250 kinds of printed matter, reference library established, 335; report 1913, suff. bills passed by ten Legislatures; campns, parades, tours, petitions, mass meetings, work with Cong, delegations to Europe, 366-368; report for 1914; record of State amends, tribute to Mrs. Medill McCormick, nation-wide work of speakers and organizers, women's Independence Day, 403-5; resigns office, 405; supports Shafroth Amend, 423.

De Rivera, Belle, 181.

Devine, Edward T, 258.

Devlin, T. C, 122.

De Voe, Emma Smith, welcomes delegates to St. of Wash, 244; 247; 254; 257; 263-4; 495; 561; 568.

Dewey, Dr. Nina Wilson, 407.

Dexter, Mrs. Wirt, 542.

Dickinson, Mary Lowe, 258.

"Dix, Dorothy," Elizabeth M. Gilmer, speaks to colored women's club, 60; addresses conv. on The Woman with a Broom, 78; gives "Mirandy's Reason Why Women Can't Vote, No Backbone," 284.

Dodge, Mrs. Arthur M, presides at hearing bef. Rules Com, opposes Wom. Suff. Com. in Lower House, 391; speaks bef. House Judic. Com. against Fed. Suff. Amend, 436-7; urges Senate com. not to report Amend, 467; tells House com. women are willing to be represented by men, 476; says her assn. believes women should have School suff. but not take part in politics and govt; question should be submitted to women; tax paying men can look after rights of tax paying women; men of Kans. didn't know what they were doing and women wish they hadn't suff, 477; is told these statements contrary to facts, 477; at Senate com. hearing, 548; 679; at Natl. Repub. Conv, 711.

Dorman, Marjorie, 437.

Dorr, Rheta Childe, article on Colorado Women Voters, 314; 367; edits wom. suff. paper, 379; 547.

Dos Passos, John R, says suff. would convert women into beasts, 437-8.

Doty, Madeline Z, 548.

Douglas, Judith Hyams, restriction put upon women came from man not God, 220-2.

Douglass, Frederick, 621.

Downey, Elvira, 668.

Dreier, Mrs. H. Edward, 381; 411.

Drewsen, Mrs. Gudrun, 27: 40; addresses Senate com. on wom. suff. in Norway, 48.

Du Bois, Dr. W. E. Burghardt, 343.

Dudley, Mrs. Guilford, welcomes natl. suff. conv. to Nashville, 398; on changed attitude of southern women toward suff; now demand it, 491-2; elected natl. vice-pres, 541; 554-5; 559; 561; 566; at last suff. hearing, 578; repudiates State's rights doctrine as applied to wom. suff; discusses negro vote, 580.

Duniway, Abigail Scott, 13; 45; meets delegates to Portland suff. conv, 119; writes ode, presents gavel to Dr. Shaw, 120; tour with Miss Anthony in '71, tribute to both, 121; makes fine address, 123; tells of her paper the New Northwest, tribute to _Woman's Journal_, 132; speaks at unveiling of Sacajawea statue, 133; son wants her to vote, she receives full recog, 141; 144; reminis. of pioneer suff. days in northwest, 245; 254; 341.

Duniway, Willis, 141.

Dunlap, Flora, 485; 668-9.

Dunn, Arthur, 418.

Dunne, Mayor and Gov. Edward F. (Ills.), 197-8.

Dye, Eva Emery, 133; 255; 260.

Dyer, U. S. Rep. Leonidas C. (Mo.), 631.

E.

Eager, Harriet A, 188.

Eaker, Helen N, 337.

Eastman, Max, on need of politics to develop women; will improve family life, 285.

Eaton, Dr. Cora Smith, tribute to, 17; 35; 37; 42-3; 68; tribute to Pioneers, 142; 145; 150; 264; see King.

Eberhard, Gov. Adolph O. (Minn.), 382.

Eddy, Sarah J, portrait of Miss Anthony, 744.

Edson, Katharine Philips, 559.

Education, opportunities for women, iv.

Educational Qualifications for Suffrage, 32, 66, 76; plea of Mrs. Swift, 77; argument of Mayor Rudolph Blankenburg, 77-8; Mrs. Gilman objects, 78; natl. suff. conv. votes in favor but not policy of assn, 78; Miss Kearney's demand for it, 82; Mrs. Catt approves, 89; Miss Mills for, 110.

Edwards, Mrs. Richard E, 559; 570; 610; 689; 717.

Eichelberger, J. S, at last suff. hearing; grilled by members of com, 584.

Election of Officers of National American Suffrage Association, in 1901, 17; in 1902, 43; in 1903, 67; in 1904, 107; in 1905, 145; in 1906, 161; in 1907, 204; in 1908, 238; in 1909, 260; in 1910, 282; in 1911, 324; in 1912, 342; in 1913, 373; in 1914, 424; in 1915, 456; in 1916, 501; in 1917, 540-1; in 1919, directors elected, 559, old board continued, 574; in 1920, 595, 600-1; list of officers at beginning of first 19 chapters; newspapers compliment election methods, 238.

Eliot, Rev. Thomas L. and Mrs, 121.

Ellicott, Mrs. William M, 183; 319.

Ely, Richard T, for wom, suff, 196.

Engle, Mrs. L. H, 540.

Equal Guardianship, 327.

Etz, Anna Cadogan, 219.

Eustis, William Henry, 7.

Evald, Emmy, 40-1; addresses House com. on status of women in Sweden, 51; urges wom. suff. in U. S, 52.

Evans, Ernestine, 548; 585.

Evans, Mrs. Glendower, bef. House Judic. Com, 429; closes hearing with eulogy of Pres. Wilson, stirs com, 434; bef. Senate com, 466; debate on future work of Natl. Assn, 487.

Evans, Sarah A, 120.

F.

Fairbanks, Vice-President Charles W, 191; 705.

Fairchild, Charles S, 653-4; 680; 682.

Fall, U. S. Sen. Albert B, 711.

Fallows, Bishop Samuel, espouses cause of wom. suff, 104; officiates at Dr. Shaw's mem. service, 611.

Farmer Labor Party and Committee of 48 on League of Women Voters' planks, 700.

Farraday, Mabel, 448.

Farrar, Edgar H, 57.

Fawcett, Millicent Garrett (Mrs. Henry), hon. pres. of British Natl. Union, writes chapter for History, iii; tribute to Dr. Shaw, 761.

Federal Amendments, 14th, defines citizenship, puts "male" in Natl. Constitution, 619; 15th guarantees male suff, women protest, 620; women demand 16th, 622; try to vote under 14th, Miss Anthony arrested, 622; Mrs. Minor brings suit, 623; res. for 16th presented in Cong, first hearings granted, 623; reports of committees, first Senate vote, 624; for income tax and election of U. S. Senators, 625.

Federal Elections Bill, natl. conv. approves, 424; introd. in Cong, Miss Clay explains, 452; natl. conv. endorses, 501; 504; see U. S. Elections Bill.

Federal Enfranchisement of Men, natl. constl. conv. and naturalization act enfranchised most men in U. S. religious and property tests abolished, 745-6; congressl. action gave suff. to negro and Indian men; only women sent to States, 746.

Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment, effect on laws for women and office holding, iv; natl. assn's. work for, vi, xvii, 1, 2; vote taken, xxii; submitted and 6,000 legislators vote for, xxiii; proclaimed, text of, xxiv; work described in full in first 20 chapters; plan of work for, 8; petitions for in 1913, 368; Natl. Assn's. work for, 369; Pres. Wilson urged to recommend, 373-376; great effort for in 1913, 378-380; Senate Com. reports favorably, 380; Dem. members of Cong. caucus against, 397; in danger of being replaced, 411; status in 1914 in Senate and House, 412-13; receives majority vote in Senate but not two-thirds; votes in the past, 413; re-introduced by Sen. Bristow, 415; hearing bef. House Com, 415, 426; Amend. reported, 417; sometimes called Susan B. Anthony Amend, 423. For arguments on see Congressl. Hearings and conv. speeches. Voted on first time in House of Representatives, 439; first measure introd. in Cong, in 1915, 440; Dr. Shaw asks Pres. Wilson to use his influence for, 440; conv. speeches show work for it paramount, 444; Com. on Rules reports it; pressure by women on members of Cong. from their districts, 449; natl. suff. conv. 1915, resolves to work only for original Fed. Amend, 452; strong demand for it, 460-1; lost in Senate and House, 1914-15, new hearings granted by committees, 461; southern women appeal for, 472; record of Dem. and Repub. members of Cong, 474-5; Prog. Prohib. and Soc. natl. convs. declare for, 480; debate at Atlantic City suff. conv. on continuing work for, 486; vote largely in favor, 487; object lesson in its necessity, 488; Mrs. Catt says only way to wom. suff, 489; natl. conv. resolves to concentrate all its resources on getting it through Cong, 501; Congressl. Com. report of great "drive" for, 503; members of Lower House from equal suff. States have hearing for bef. House Judic. Com, 504; nation-wide plan of work for, 510; conditions at end of 1917 favorable to, 514; delegates to natl. suff. conv. discuss it with their Senators and Representatives, many pledged, 516; Mrs. Catt says Cong. must deal with, 517; Pres. Wilson reaches a belief in, 520; Mrs. Catt's strong plea for, 520-1; issues nation-wide appeal, 523; her book on, 532; Mrs. Shuler reports work for all over the country, 538-9; Natl. Assn. will campaign against enemies in Cong, 542; Cong. urged to submit as a War measure, 543; hearings bef. coms. of Cong, 545-549; Lower House votes in favor, Senate defeats, 1918, 550-1; nation-wide campaign by Natl. Amer. Assn, 554-557; Pres. Wilson sends best wishes for, 558; change of form proposed, conv. refuses, 561; no merging of assn. till Fed. Amend, secured, 561; Mrs. Park's report, complete summary; House Judic. Com. tries to defeat; Pres. Wilson advises the Amend, 562; Wom. Suff. Com. appt. gives five days' hearing; Speaker Clark assists; five hours' debate, 562; vote in House; five days' discussion in Senate; Pres. Wilson's appeal in person; vote, Oct. 1918, 563, 761; second appeal from the President; vote in Feby, 1919, 565; twenty-five State Legislatures call for submission, 564; Dem. caucus opposes, 565; Natl. Assn. continues its efforts, 574; last hearing bef. com. of Cong, 577; Roosevelt and Pres. Wilson support; not to ask for it would be treason, 579; Pres. Wilson urges, 583; sentiment in South, 580, 582-3, 588-9, 590; four days' hearing ends; favorable report, debate in Lower House and vote to submit, 593; record of ratifications, 598; Governors called on by natl. suff. conv. for spec. sessions, 600; strenuous work for from natl. suff. headqrs. in New York and Washtn, under Mrs. Catt's supervision, 604; great "drive" for ratification, 604-606. Entire chapter on Amend, 618; first petitions for, 619; first resolutions for in Cong, 621; first vote in Senate, 1887, 624; discussed, 626; second vote, 1914, 627; first vote in Lower House, 629; struggle for second, 635; vote, 636-7; action of House Judic. Com, 627-8-9, 631; Senate com. gives hearing and makes favorable report, 633; difficulty in Senate, 637-8; 1,000 prominent men petition for, 638; five days' debate, 639; vote, Oct. 1, 1918, 640; vote, Feb. 10, 1919; analyzed by States, 642; final vote in House, analyzed by States, 644; debate in Senate, final vote, signed by Vice-pres. and Speaker, 645-6; friends and foes, 641-646; table of votes, 647. See Ratification. Proclaimed by Secy. of State, 652; many law suits; U. S. Sup. Ct, decides in favor, 653-655; opp. by women's Anti-Suff. Assns, 679; by men's, 681-2; record of polit. natl. convs, 702-719; appeals for amend, in 1912, 709; at Repub. natl. conv, 1916, 711; at Dem, 712; great change, 715; endorsed by all parties at natl. convs, 1920, 714, 717, 718; indebtedness to bequest of Mrs. Frank Leslie, 755; Pres. Wilson's address to Senate in its favor, 761.

Federal Woman Suffrage Association, at hearings, 383, 427, 428; organized, officers, object, 656; memorializes Cong. and polit. convs; at Columbian Expos, 657; Congressl. hearings on bills, conv. in San Francisco, 678; Miss Clay's U. S. Elec. bill, 659.

Federation of Women's Clubs, Genl. and State, endorse wom. suff, xix; Genl. Fedn. invites suff. speaker, 206; cooperates with Natl. Suff. Assn, 210; sends first greeting to natl. suff. conv, 215; causes "epidemic of suffrage meetings," 313; in States, bills show civic conscience, 350; Genl Fedn, 638.

Feickert, Lillian J, on N. J. campn, 409; 444; at Anthony celebr, 615.

Fels, Joseph, 340-1.

Fels, Mrs. Joseph, 542.

Fensham, Florence (Turkey), 42.

Ferguson, Gov. James E. (Texas), 713.

Fernald, Fannie J, 194.

Fessenden, Susan, 176; 185; 188.

Field, Mrs. Cyrus W, 372; 405.

Field, Sara Bard, motors from San Francisco to Washtn. with suff. petition, 466-7; bef. House Judic. Com, 476; at natl. Repub. conv, 711.

Finley, Dr. Caroline, work in women's Oversea Hospitals during the war, 733; decorated by Prince of Wales, 735.

Finnegan, Annette, 669.

Fitch, Dean Florence M, 664.

FitzGerald, Susan Walker, 286; asks suff. for home makers, 300; elected natl. rec. secy, 324; 326; at Senate hearing, 347; 425; 456; 556.

Flags, Miss Barton's at Intl. Suff. Conf.; the suff. flag, 24; Penn. suff. assn. presents one to Natl, 501; Dr. Shaw's tribute to flag of U. S, 511; "service" flag of assn, 517; Dr. Shaw's tribute to American, 758.

Fleischer, Rabbi Charles, 258.

Fleming, Stephen B, 713.

Fletcher, U. S. Sen. Duncan U, 640.

Formad, Dr. Marie (France), 733.

Foss, Samuel Walter, 328.

Foster, J. Ellen, 42; 109.

Foster, Genl. John W, 467.

Foster, Mabel, 266.

Foster, U. S. Rep. Martin D. (Ills.), 548.

Fouke, Mrs. Philip B, 560.

Foulke, Commissr. William Dudley, 38; 64; 178; 258.

Foxcroft, Frank, 678.

Fray, Ellen Sully, 17; 106.

Frazer, Helen, tells of British women's war work, which brought suff, 544; 576.

Freeman, Elizabeth, 333.

Freeman, Mary Wilkins, for wom. suff, 297.

Frelinghuysen, U. S. Sen. Joseph S, as St. Senator approves School suff. for women, 320; 565; 640.

French, U. S. Rep. Burton L. (Ida.), 658.

French, Mrs L. Crozier, 395; welcomes natl. suff. conv. to Nashville, 398; 425.

French, Rose, 317.

Friedland, Sofja Levovna, 28; 40; 45; addresses House com. on status of woman in Russia, 50; 73.

Friends' Equal Rights Association, 42; orgztn. and work for wom. suff, 664-667.

Frierson, Solicitor General William L, 654.

Fry, Susannah M. D, 194.

Fuller, Mrs. B. Morrison, 553.

Fuller, Chief Justice Melville Weston, decision on appointment of presidential electors, 130.

Funck, Emma Maddox, arranges for and welcomes natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 151; it passes vote of thanks, 180.

Funck, Dr. William, 180.

Funk, Antoinette, work for Pres. suff. in Ills, 370; 381; 409; on Congressl. Com, 411; bef. House Judic. Com, refers to new Fed. Suff. Amend, 415-16; explains and defends Shafroth Amend, to natl. suff. conv, 416-418; report of campn. work in western States; found liquor interests active; travels 8,000 miles, 419-422; re-appointed vice chmn, 424; foreshadows new Fed. Amend, at Congressl. hearing, 427; chmn. Campn. and Survey Com, work in N. J. campn, 447; report for Congressl. Com, 451; 454; 503; resigns from com, 506; 726; sponsor for Shafroth Palmer Amend, 747-8.

G

Gage, Matilda Joslyn, writes Women's Declaration of Rights, 333.

Gains, for wom. suff. in 1907, 213; in 1908, 243.

Gale, Zona, 425; offers res. to unite work of Natl. Suff. Assn. and Congressl. Union, 453-4.

Gannett, Mrs. William C, chmn. com. for Anthony mem. bldg, 201-2; women's duty to want to vote, 234; work for bldg, 744.

Gano, Eveline, shows disadvantage to teachers in having no vote, quotes New York, 293.

Gardener, Helen H, arr. parade to carry Fed. Amend, petition to Cong, 275; "unstinted personal service," 336; tells how to get Congressl. docs, 373; 381; urges appt. of Com. on Wom. Suff, 384; on Congressl. Com, 411; bef. House Judic. Com, quotes Bryan's declaration that Pres. Wilson insists the Govt. must derive just powers from consent of governed and applies it to women's demand for suff, 435-6; arr. for natl. suff. conv, 1917, 515; asks Pres. Wilson for letter on forming Com. on Wom. Suff, 524; called "diplomatic corps," 525; elected natl. vice-pres, 541; bef. Rules Com, 549; natl. suff. conv. sends greeting, 559; vice-chmn. Congressl. Com, 567; 604; secures space in Smithsonian Inst. for suff. exhibit; offers res. of thanks to Inst, 609; at Anthony celebr, 615; 635.

Gardner, Gov. Frederick D. (Mo.), for wom. suff, 526.

Gardner, Mrs. Gilson, 454; 675.

Garrett, U. S. Rep. Finis J. (Tenn.), 548.

Garrett, Mary E, entertainments for natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 152-167; conv. sends letter of thanks, 180; invitations "to meet Miss Anthony," account of functions, distinguished women house guests, 182; with Dr. Thomas raises large fund for suff. work, 183, 258; 289; 661.

Garrett, Mrs. Robert, 391; 679.

Garrett-Thomas Suffrage Fund, 235, 253.

Garrison, Eleanor, 571.

Garrison, Francis J, 674.

Garrison, William Lloyd, 244.

Garrison, William Lloyd, Jr, 258; mem. service at natl. suff. conv, 1910; tributes of Dr. Shaw and Mrs. McCulloch, 277-280.

Garvin, Florence, 661.

Garwood, Omar E, 312; secy. Natl. Men's League, 674.

Gay, U. S. Sen. Edward J, opp. Fed. Suff. Amend, 565; 642-3; 646.

Gellhorn, Mrs. George, welcomes natl. suff. conv, 554; 559; 668; 689; 690; 699; 717.

George, Mrs. A. J, 391; in anti-suff. speech attacks Mormons, says suffs. place their cause above needs of country, 467-8; makes State's rights argument bef. House com, 478; 548; 710-11.

German American Alliance, anti-suff. work in Ky, 388.

Germany, venerates suff. pioneers, 28.

Geyer, Rose Lawless, press work in Iowa campn, 485; report to natl. conv, 494; 528; report on natl. press work, 531; instructs suff. schools, 539; tribute to her work, 571.

Gibbons, Cardinal, Dr. Shaw answers, 125; Mrs. Harper answers, 131; opp. women's societies, Dr. Shaw criticizes, 158.

Gilbert, Judge Hiram, on Shafroth Suff. Amend, 414.

Gilder, Richard Watson, 296.

Gildersleeve, Dean Virginia C, 613; 663.

Gillett, Emma M, 218; report as chmn. of Congressl. Com, 319.

Gillett, Speaker Frederick H, 584; 646.

Gillmore, Inez Haynes, 661.

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 71; mem. poem, 74; on educated suff, 78; describes Lester F. Ward's biolog. theory of the sexes, 92; 110; 133; 140; on "hand that rocks the cradle," 149; woman's right to citizenship, 220; economic dependence cause of immorality, 224; 244; 260; 262; 265; 289.

Giltner, Prof. William S, 133.

Glasgow, Ellen, for wom. suff, 297.

Glass, U. S. Sen. Carter, 719.

Gleason, Kate, 341.

Goddard, Mary Catherine, Congress ignored her paper in days of Revolution, 156.

Goldenberg, Rosa H, 152.

Goldstein, Vida, 40-1; 43; addresses Senate com. on wom. suff, in Australia and New Zealand, 49; candidate for Senate, 91.

Gompers, Samuel, 86; greeting to suff. conv, 135; 208; 258; 703; 731.

Goodlett, Caroline Meriwether, 328.

Goodrich, Gov. James P. (Ind.), 551.

Goodrich, Sarah Knox, 106.

Gordon, Anna A, 28.

Gordon, Rev. Eleanor, 140.

Gordon, Jean, 56; welcomes Miss Anthony to New Orleans, 57; receives testimonial from natl. suff. conv, 84; address on duty of women of leisure to workingwomen, 231; 286; 425.

Gordon, Kate M, elected natl. cor. secy, 17; report in 1902, chivalry in Ala, 34-36; 56; welcomes natl. suff. conv. to New Orleans, 57; report of year's work, 60; 61; receives loving cup, 84; tells of Dr. Shaw's southern tour attitude of South, 87-8; 89; report in 1905, 127; protests against southern members' attitude on wom. suff, 188; shows need of personal acquaintance of suff. leaders with editors, politicians, teachers, women's clubs; appeals for funds for Ore. campn, 161; tells of women's Munic. suff. in New Orleans, 195-6; 202; 208; 211; 214; describes interview with Pres. Roosevelt, 217; arr. hearings, 217; 244; tells of liquor dealers' fight on wom. suff. in Ore, 247; urges suff. assn. to use polit. methods, 248; resigns as cor. secy, convention thanks, 260; 263-4; elected vice-pres, 283; 287; 324; 400; debate on future work of Natl. Assn, 486; 668; org. Southern Wom. Suff. Conf 671; 673; at Dem. natl. conv, 1912, 703-4.

Gordon, Laura de Force, 137.

Gordon, Dr. Margaret (Canada), 597.

Graddick, Laura J, working women polit. nonentities forced to compete with those having full polit. rights, 304.

Graham, Frances W, 215.

Gram, Elizabeth, 585.

Grand Army of Republic, for wom. suff, 435.

Grange, National and State, endorses wom. suff, 206; always for it, Dr. Shaw a member, 247; Natl, 392.

Grant, M. Louise, 662.

Gray, James, 7.

Great Britain, wom. suff. work not finished, iii; xxii; official and polit. status of women, 52; women made eligible to office, 213; women's demonstratn, "militancy," situation in Parliament, 237-8; "militant" movement, 281; enfranchises women, 551; chapter on in Vol. VI.

Greeley, Helen Hoy, 314; 372.

Greene, Judge Roger S, 144.

Greenleaf, Halbert S, 204.

Gregg, Laura, 18; 20; edits Progress, 35; 71; 110; indifferent women real enemy to equal suff, 235; 261; 404.

Gregory, Dr. Alice, work in women's Oversea Hospitals during the war, 733.

Gregory, Mrs. Thomas W, 515.

Grenfell, Helen Loring, describes effect of wom. suff. in Colo, 102; 105; refutes charges against women, 113.

Grew, Mary, 334.

Griffin, Frances A, 65.

Grim, Harriet, 236; 283; 404; 668; 703.

Gruening, Martha, 662.

Guernsey, Mrs. George Thatcher, pres. genl. D. A. R, 515.

Guild, Mrs. Charles E, 678.

Gulick, Alice Gordon, 106.

H

Hackstaff, Priscilla D, 10; 13; 62; work on natl. petit, 258; 703.

Haggart, Dr. Mary E, 146.

Hale, Rev. Edward Everett, 98.

Hale, U. S. Sen. Frederick, 648.

Haley, Margaret A, 37.

Hall, Florence Howe (N. J.), speaks for her mother at conv. of 1906, 185.

Hall, Florence H. (Penn.), in anti-suff. speech attacks Mormonism; Sen. Sutherland objects, 467-8.

Hall, Louise, 556.

Hall, Dr. Stanley, 256.

Hallinan, Charles T, 408; 418; report of Natl. Publicity Dept; tribute to Dr. Shaw; orgztn. of Data Dept, 442-3.

Hamilton, Mrs. L. A. (Canada), 400; pres. natl. assn, 584.

Hanaford, Rev. Phoebe A, last words for Mrs. Stanton, 741.

Hanna, Mayor James R. (Des Moines), 669.

Harbert, Elizabeth Boynton, 18; 20; 288; 559.

Harding, U. S. Sen. Warren G, votes for Fed. Suff. Amend, 516; as Pres. candidate receives League of Women Voters, 701.

Hardwick, U. S. Rep. Thomas W. (Ga.), 384; discussion with Mrs. Catt at com. hearing, 390.

Hardy, Jennie Law, 473.

Harmon, Mrs. Anna, 658.

Harper, Ida Husted, tells of suff. dept. in N. Y. Sun, 14; 67; presents Decl. of Principles to natl. conv, 87; answers Cardinal Gibbons, 131; presides at press conf, 1905, 131; address, wom. suff. will come from the West, 135; has interview with Pres. Roosevelt, 137; articles on death of Miss Anthony, 204; report as chmn. of Natl. Press Com, immense increase of notice of wom. suff; appreciation of support of natl. press bureau by Mrs. Belmont, 287-8; 315; presents and supports res. that officers of Natl. Assn. must be non-partisan, 342; 354; bef. House Judic. Com, 1912, makes constitl. argument; quotes from Presidents Taft and Roosevelt; says women have been asking Cong. for Fed. Amend. 43 years; shows St. amends. practically impossible; no other country subjects women to this struggle; answers questions, 359-361-2; bef. House Com. on Rules; asks appoint. of Com. on Wom. Suff; shows treatment of res. for a Fed. Suff. Amend. by Judic. Coms. for over forty years; the defeats in St. campns; the need of a Fed. Amend, 385-387; no class of men in U. S. have lifted a finger to get suff. but women have struggled 65 yrs, 395; debate at Atlantic City conv. on future work of Natl. Assn, 487; 527; editorial dept. Leslie Bureau of Education, describes work with editors, espec. for Fed. Amend; concrete results; many letters to editors on "picketing" and results; change in southern papers, 528-530; natl. suff. conv. sends greeting, 559; second report of dept. in Leslie Bureau; letters to 2,000 editors; letters to and from ex-President Roosevelt; work for Fed. Amend; 8,000 letters sent; articles to Intl. Suff. News; change in character of editorials, 571-2; prepares to finish History of Wom. Suff, 573; conv. sends telegram of recog. for work on History, 610; writes chapter on Fed. Suff. Amend. for History, 618; 658; objections to Shafroth Palmer Amend, 748.

Harriman, Mrs. J. Borden, in war service, 517; 526; on Congressl. Com, 567.

Harrison, U. S. Rep. Pat (Miss.), 548; U. S. Sen, 645.

Hart, Gov. Louis F. (Wash.), urged to call spec. session, 600.

Hartshorne, Myra Strawn, 286; 289.

Harvey, Col. George, 205; 258.

Haslup, Mary R, 152.

Haskell, Oreola Williams, 181; 211.

Hatch, Lavina, 106.

Hathaway, Margaret, member Mont. Legis, 516; 540.

Hauser, Elizabeth J, shares work of natl. suff. headqrs. in 1903, 61; tells of work at conv. of 1904, 93; in 1905, vast amount of literature distrib. res. secured from convs, etc, 128; describes the Statehood Protest of 400 orgztns. of women to Senate com. against proposed bill for admitting new territories, 129; 130; 135; in 1906, endorsement of orgztns, 162; 163-4; in 1907, describes vast work, 204-6; headqrs. secy's. report for 1908; thousands of articles furnished, hundreds of orgztns. endorse, 218; presides at press conf, 219; report for 1909, polit. work; many endorsements, widely extended press work; conv. thanks; goes to N. Y. headqrs, 248-250; 287; 315; 485; 670; 690; at Repub. Natl. Conv, 703; 754.

Haver, Jessie R, on tour for ratif, 606; 687.

Hawaii, Natl. Assn. asks wom. suff. for, 11; suff. soc. formed, 381, 561; action of Cong. on wom. suff, 566.

Hawk, George, takes referendum on Fed. Amend, to U. S. Sup. Ct, 652.

Hay, Secy. of State John, 736.

Hay, Mary Garrett, at natl. conv, 1901, 10; conv. thanks, 12; 21; champion money raiser, 41; report on organization, 61; work on Fed. Amend. petition, 258; arr. parade to carry it to Cong, 275; tells how to organize, 444; natl. conv. thanks for arr. Pres. Wilson's visit, 501; 503; on Congressl. Com, 506; shows why New York campn. was won, 519; scores circular of Mrs. Wadsworth on New York victory; gives figures to show not due to Socialist vote, 536-7; elected natl. vice-pres, 541; Repub. party gives important positions, 554-5; does congressl. and war work, 555; wants name of Natl. Assn. retained, 561; on Congressl. steering com, 566; 568; raises "budget" for 1919, 569; offers res. to thank Governors who have called spec. sessions and urge others to do so, 600; great service in securing ratif. of Fed. Amend, 606; raises money for League of Women Voters, 609, 698; speaks on Women in Politics, 617; at Repub. natl. conv, 1920, calls conf. of suffs; they present plank to Res. Com, 716-17; presides at meeting for women on Peace conf, 738.

Hayden, U. S. Rep. Carl (Ariz.), 524; 549.

Hays, Will H, chmn. Natl. Repub. Com, natl. suff. conv. thanks for help with Fed. Amend, 610; work for it, 638; Mrs. Catt thanks in name of Natl. Amer. Suff. Assn. for his own and party's support of Fed. Suff. Amend, 648; helps in Tenn, 657.

Headquarters, National Suffrage, in New York, xx; 34; removed to Warren, O, 61; important work described, 93; see Hauser; removed to New York, Mrs. Belmont assists financially, thanked by natl. conv, 253; Ills. dele. want them removed to Chicago, 319; Natl. conv. votes to retain in New York, 341; Mrs. Belmont offers res. to move to Washtn, 381; Mrs. Roessing urges it, 506, 508; Natl. Bd. decides not wise to move from New York but estab. branch in Washtn, activities, 525-527; closed, 604; 627; 632; summary, in Rochester, New York, Washington, Philadelphia, Warren, O, and New York City, 754.

Hearings, before Committees of Congress for quarter of a century, 46; in 1902, names of Senate com, Miss Anthony hon. pres. Natl. Suff. Assn. presides and pleads for a Fed. Suff. Amend; noted speakers, 47; bef. House Judic. Com, Mrs. Catt introd. foreign speakers, 50; she and Dr. Shaw urge Cong. to appoint a com. to investigate results of wom. suff, 49; 53-4; in 1904 Miss Anthony presides at Senate hearing, her last; had appealed to 17 Congresses; Mrs. Watson-Lister tells of wom. suff. in Australia; a report promised, none made, 110-11; House Judic. Com, Mrs. Catt presides; urges a commsn. to investigate conditions in equal suff. States; Sen. Shafroth, Gov. Adams and eminent Colo. women speak, 111-116; in 1906, Miss Anthony, unable to attend; had missed but two hearings in 37 years; Dr. Shaw presided at Senate, Mrs. Florence Kelley at House; strong speeches but no report, 187-191; in 1908, hearing given but convention not in session, 218; in 1910, first in splendid new office bldgs; names of Senate com; Dr. Shaw presides, tells of great petition for Fed. Suff. Amend, just presented; introd. women speakers representing different professions, 291-8; closes with strong appeal for a report; the chairman promises one, 299; none ever made, 300; bef. House Judic. Com. in 1910; names of com; Mrs. Kelley presides, tells of great petition; many strong speeches along industrial lines, 300-309; in 1912, arr. by Mrs. William Kent, 339; 346-363; names of Senate com, 346; of House com, 354; in 1913, 382-397; bef. Com. on Rules in 1913, Dr. Shaw presides, asks for a spec. com. because Judiciary never reports suff. res, 384; bef. House Judic. Com, in 1914, 427; in 1915, bef. Senate, names of com, 462; House, 469; Representatives from equal suff. States bef. Judic. Com, list of, 504; bef. Senate com, 1917, entire forenoon given, 545; Apr. 26 to Natl. Wom. Party, 547; May 3 to Anti-Suff. Assn, 548; May 18 bef. Com. on Rules, 548; bef. Wom. Suff. Com. last ever held, 577; resume, 624; Mrs. Park's report, 633; 635.

Heaslip, Charles T, 494.

Hebard, Dr. Grace Raymond, 484; 610; at Anthony celebr, 615.

Heflin, U. S. Rep. J. Thomas (Ala.), at suff. hearing, 391; southern women incensed, 395; Rep. Mondell ridicules, 396; offers res. against Fed. Suff. Amend, 412; sends his anti-suff. speeches to western States, 422; quotes poetry against wom. suff, 437; 628.

Helm, Mrs. Ben Hardin, 313.

Hemphill, Robert R, 35.

Henderson, Rev. Charles R, 198.

Henderson, Mrs. John B, receives conv, 45; 99.

Heney, Mrs. Francis J, 585.

Henrotin, Ellen M, 195; asks ballot for working women, 209; 703.

Henry, Alice, 185; 209; 327.

Henry, U. S. Rep. Robert L. (Texas), 307; opposes sending Fed. Amend. to the House, 629.

Henshaw, Virgil, at suff. hearing, 548.

Hepburn, Mrs. Thomas N. (Katharine Houghton), 382; 675.

Hidden, Mrs. M. L. T, 337.

Hifton, Harriette J, 266.

Higgins, U. S. Rep. Edwin W. (Conn.), at Congressl. hearing, 361.

Higginson, Col. Thomas Wentworth, 137; 208; 328.

"Hikes," headed by members of Senate Com. on Wom. Suff, 378.

Hill, Elsie, 675; 677.

Hill, Mrs. Homer M, 246.

Hilles, Florence Bayard, bef. House com, 473-4; 675.

Himes, Dr. George H, 120.

Hinchey, Margaret, 364-5.

Hindman, Matilda, 146.

Hirsch, Rabbi Emil, appeal for wom. suff, 143; address in Chicago, 207.

Histories, give no place to women, 263.

History of Woman Suffrage, early vols; work of Mrs. Stanton, Miss Anthony, Mrs. Harper; Mrs. Catt arranges for last two, labor in preparing, wide scope, their value, see Preface; 67; 74; 94; Miss Anthony bequeaths to Natl. Assn, its wide distribution, 205, 218; 249; 335; 359; Mrs. Harper begins last vols, 573; 610; contain great speeches, 623.

Hitchcock, U. S. Sen. Gilbert H, refuses to represent his State on Fed. Suff. Amend, 598.

Hoar, U. S. Sen. George F, 146; first to suggest Pres. suff. for women, 369.

Hobby, Gov. W. P. (Texas), invites natl. suff. conv, 540.

Holcomb, Gov. Marcus H. (Conn.), 653; 717.

Hollis, U. S. Sen. Henry P, 323; 383; at Senate hearing, 462; 467; 626.

Hollister, Lillian M, 258; 328.

Holmes, Lydia Wickliffe, 568.

Hooker, Mrs. Donald, contrib. to Natl. Assn, 315; at Senate hearing, 351; bef. House Judic. Com, 433; 675.

Hooker, Isabella Beecher, 45; 191; 204; 656.

Hooper, Gov. Ben W. (Tenn.), addresses natl. suff. conv, 400.

Hooper, Mrs. Ben (Wis.), 559; 568; on commissn. to West, 605; 650.

Hoover, Mrs. Herbert C, 515.

Hopkins, J. A. H, at suff. hearing, 548.

Hopkins, Mrs. J. A. H, 675.

Horton, Albert H, 74.

Horton, Mrs. John Miller, presents greetings and flowers, 214; recep. to natl. suff. conv, 216.

House of Governors in Ky. and N. J. hears suff. speeches by Miss Clay and Dr. Shaw, 314; Natl. Suff. Assn. represented in 1913, 367; suffs. received in 1919, 605.

Houston, Secretary of Agriculture David Franklin and Mrs, 382; 724.

Houston, Mrs. David Franklin, 515.

Howard, Emma Shafter, 150.

Howe, Frederick C, on The City for the People, 177; 340.

Howe, Julia Ward, 31; 137; 148; at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 151; introd, by Dr. Shaw, 154; escorted by Governor, responds to greetings, speaks of Lucy Stone and Mrs. Livermore, 155; guest of Miss Garrett, 182; too ill to give address, read by her daughter, tells of conversion to wom, suff; speaks of the great leaders, plea for the ballot, 184-5; 208; 230; suff. dele, to Genl. Fed. of Women's Clubs, 249; 258; 288; 297; gets testimony on wom. suff. from ministers and editors, 393.

Howe, Dr. Lucian, at suff. hearing, 583.

Howe, Marie Jenney, 98; 176; 179. See Jenney.

Howells, William Dean, for wom. suff, 296.

Howes, Elizabeth Puffer, 450.

Howes, Ethel Puffer, 662; 664.

Howland, Emily, 16; 40; tells of pioneers, 107; 110; at Anthony mem. meeting, 203; tells of first Wom. Rights Conv, 215; 341; natl. conv. sends greetings, 501; 559; conv. sends letter, 1920, 610.

Howse, Mayor Hilary (Nashville), 398.

Hughes, Gov. Charles Evans (N. Y.), 223; on teachers' salaries, 294; as Presidential candidate, 489; in favor of Fed. Suff. Amend, 495; personal but not party endorsement, 505; natl. suff. leaders interview, tells them he will endorse Fed. Amend, 507; declares for it, 630; counsel for Natl. Suff. Assn, 653.

Hughes, James L. (Canada), 41.

Hughes, Rev. Kate, 20; 69; 71; 207.

Huidobro, Carolina Holman (Chili), 40-1; 186; 188.

Hull, U. S. Rep. Harry E. (Iowa), 644.

Hultin, Rev. Ida C, 37; 84.

Humphrey, Mrs. Alexander Pope, 313.

Hundley, Mrs. Oscar, 395.

Hunt, Gov. George P. (Ariz.), greets natl. suff. conv, 341.

Huntington, Bishop Daniel T, 146.

Huse, Mrs. Robert S, 495; 539; 729.

Hussey, Cornelia C, 13; contrib. to Natl. Suff. Assn, 73; bequest to assn, 94.

Hussey, Dr. Mary D, 61; 73; 287.

Hutchinson, John, 31; 34.

Hutton, May Arkwright, tells anecdote of McKinley, 133; writes ode to suff, 135; 176; welcomes suff. dele, to Spokane, 244; 317.

Huxley, Thomas H, 256.

I

Idaho, effect of wom. suff, 52.

Indianapolis, entertains Natl. Exec. Council, 551.

Indians, men enfranchised by Congress, 746.

Industrial Problems, Govt. discriminates against women, 63; unpaid housework, 79.

Industrial Program, 286; Congressl. hearings on, 300.

Initiative and Referendum, endorsed by natl. suff. conv, adverse effect on suff. and prohib, 136-7; natl. conv. re-endorses, 212; again, 257; petit. to repeal wom. suff. in Calif, failed, 393; suff. campn. in Mo. and other States, 402-3; Shafroth Palmer Suff. Amend, called Natl. I. and R, 415, 451; Dem. party and Pres. Wilson in favor of, 417; on ratif. Fed. Suff. Amend, in Me; in Ohio, St. Sup. Ct. sustains; U. S. Sup. Ct. decides against, 652.

International Council of Nurses of 9 nations endorses wom suff, 461.

International Council of Women, forms wom. suff. com, xix; 25; estab. Standing Com. on Equal Rights, 127; 612.

International Suffrage News, 530.

International Woman Suffrage Alliance, vi; formed, xix; first conf. held in Washtn, 24; its duty, 30; intl. com. formed, 43; sends greeting to Natl. Assn, 203; Mrs. Catt's presiding, 247. See complete chapter on in Vol. VI.

Iowa, Mrs. Catt discusses suff. campn, 485.

Ivins, Mrs. William M, 40; furnishes Dr. Shaw's office, 276.

J

Jacobi, Dr. Mary Putnam, addresses suff. conv, 18; 296; 613.

Jacobs, Pattie Ruffner, 366; answers Rep. Heflin, 395; elected to Natl. Bd. 456; at Senate hearing, shows attitude of southern women, proud of past but do not live in it; Fed. Suff. Amend, does not interfere with State's rights, 463; bef. House com. shows unjust laws for women in the South; members try to disprove, 472-3; report of extensive field work, 484; 506; 560-1; 610; 668-9; 717; 724.

James, Ada L, 341.

James, Prof. William, for wom. suff, 296.

Janney, Dr. O. Edward, 35; 180.

Janney, Mrs. O. Edward, 106; 664; 666.

Jeffreys, Dr. Annice, 109.

Jenks, Agnes M, 326; bef. Senate com, 466.

Jenney, Julie R, 220.

Jenney, Rev. Marie (Howe), 68-9; 73.

Jewett, Cornelia Telford, 263.

Jews, how enfranchised, 752.

Johns, Laura M, 10; on Civil Rights, 19.

Johnson, Addie M, 74.

Johnson, Adelaide, makes bust of Miss Anthony, 201; 658.

Johnson, U. S. Sen. Hiram W, 547.

Johnson, Philena Everett, 254.

Johnson, Dr. and Mrs. Rossiter, 391.

Johnston, Dean Eva, 664.

Johnston, Mary, 288; 297; addresses natl. suff. conv. in 1911, 321; 367.

Johnston, Mrs. William A, 328; report of Kans. campn, 337; on Congressl. Com, 339; at Anthony celebr, 615.

Jolliffe, Frances, 466; controversy with House com, 475.

Jones, U. S. Sen. Andrieus A, speaks for wom. suff, 380; chmn. Senate Wom. Suff. Com, 523; makes favorable report, 524; 565; 627; 632-3; 638-9; 640; 642-3; 645.

Jones, Effie McCollum, 511.

Jones, Dr. Harriet B, 135.

Jones, Jenkin Lloyd, tribute to Miss Anthony, 203.

Jones, U. S. Sen. Wesley L, 323; 383; 643.

Jordan, Prof. Mary A, address at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, college women's tribute to suff. leaders, 168, 170.

Jubilee Convention of National American Woman Suffrage Association in St. Louis, 551.

Julian, U. S. Rep. George W. (Ind.), offers first res. for Fed. Wom. Suff, 621.

Juries, women on, Dr. Shaw's idea, 75; ex-Senator Bailey's idea, 587.

Jury service for women, iv.

Jus Suffragii, offic. organ, Intl. Wom. Suff. Alliance, 205; 288.

K

Kauffman, Reginald Wright, 340.

Kearney, Belle, on the South's Need of Woman Suffrage, 82; 319.

Keating, U. S. Rep. Edward (Colo.), introd. Fed. Amend, and res. for Wom. Suff. Com, 1917, 524; 548.

Keble, Dean John Bell, 408.

Keil, Mayor Henry W. (St. Louis), 553.

Keith, William, picture for suff. bazaar, 13; memorial, 328.

Keller, Dr. Amelia, 669.

Kelley, Florence, on labor laws for women and children, 95; comment on editors, 132; speaks on child labor, 141; elected natl. vice-pres, 145; gives facts on child labor, 164; presides at hearing, speaks of work for wom. suff. by her father, William D. Kelley, asks for Fed. Suff. Amend, 188, 190-1; shows need of Munic. suff. for women, 195, 197; 204; on the social evil, 225; describes struggle of Consumer's League for working women in New York, 230; 233-4; 244; Ore. decision on woman's work-day, 254; 260; 262; 265; declines re-election, 282; 286; presides at Judic. Com. hearing, discusses conflicting court decisions on labor laws for women, gives tragic instances, need of vote; women's war service, 300-308.

Kelley, William D, 190; work in Cong. for wom. suff, 306.

Kelly, U. S. Rep. M. Clyde (Penn.), 548.

Kendall, Dr. Sarah A, 133, 264.

Kendrick, Gov. John B, addresses Council of Women Voters, 484; as U. S. Senator bef. Senate Com. tribute to wom. suff. in Wyo.; endorsement of Fed. Amend, 546; 633.

Kennedy, Julian, 340.

Kent, Carrie E, 71; welcomes natl. suff. conv, 86.

Kent, Mrs. William, report for Congressl. Com, 1912, 339; speaks of wom. suff. in Calif, 358; Congressl. Com. work, 377; 382; 394; urges House Judic. Com. to spare women drudgery of St. campns, 433; 585; 675.

Kern, Chairman Democratic National Convention John W, 707.

Ketcham, Emily B, 204.

Kilbreth, Mary, 679.

Kimber, Helen, 93.

King, Dr. Cora Smith, bef. House Judic. Com, 432; see Eaton.

King, U. S. Sen. William H, 645.

Kingsley, Charles, 137.

Kirby, U. S. Sen. William F, speaks for Fed. Amend, 645.

Kitchin, U. S. Rep. Claude (N. C.), 584.

Knowland, U. S. Rep. Joseph R, praises wom. suff. in Calif, 433.

Knowles, Antoinette, 162.

Knox, U. S. Sen. Philander Chase, 516.

Kramers, Martina G. (Holland), 341.

Krebs, Abbie A, 710.

Krog, Gina (Norway), letter to intl. conf, 27.

L.

Labor, 93 unions endorse wom. suff. in 1907, 218; St. Fedn. for it in Wash, 257; organizations demand it, 281. See American Federation of Labor.

Ladies' Home Journal, prints attacks on women's clubs and wom. suff, 131; refuses to allow answers, 163; 175; Barry's article on Colo, 314; tries to find "antis" in Colo, 393.

Lafferty, U. S. Rep. A. W. (Ore.), urges Fed. Suff. Amend, 357.

La Follette, Fola, 326.

La Follette, U. S. Sen. Robert M, presents Fed. Amend. petition, natl suff. conv. thanks, 275; Mrs. La Follette, 324; Sen. and Mrs. receive delegates to natl. suff. conv, many in official life present, 382; Senator asks wom. suff. plank in natl. platform, 705.

Laidlaw, James Lees, presides at Men's Night, natl. suff. conv, 1912, 340; at Senate hearing, expediency of wom. suff, 349; presides Men's League, 1913, 377; says anti-suffs. distrust democracy, 393; presides, 1914, 407; holds Dr. Shaw's annuity fund, 458; pres. Natl. Men's Suff. League, 674.

Laidlaw, Mrs. James Lees, at natl. suff. conv, 1910, 290; elected natl. auditor, 324; responds to conv. greetings, 334; speaks at Senate hearing, 347; assists in ovation to Dr. Shaw, 457; presents war service flag, 517; 519; women's war work in N. Y, 533; 541; at mem. service for Dr. Shaw, 611.

Lamar, Mrs. Joseph R, 726.

Lambson, Nellie H, 120.

Lane, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. with Mrs. Lane, 382; on suff. platform, brings good will of Pres. Wilson to natl. conv. and expresses his own belief in wom. suff, 520; tribute to Dr. Shaw, 760.

Lane, Mrs. Franklin K, 515.

Langhorne, Orra, 146.

Langston, J. Luther, 288.

Lansing, Secretary of State Robert, opp. to wom. suff, 515; 708.

Lansing, Mrs. Robert, opp. to wom. suff, 515.

Larch-Miller, Aloysius, 607.

Lathrop, Julia, great speech at natl. suff. conv; woman suff. inevitable step in march of society; not a mad revolution; working women's is not the ignorant vote; women must vote to protect the family, 343-345; asks wom. suff. for welfare of mother and child, 496, 499; on recep. com. for natl. conv, 515; speaks for ratif. of Fed. Amend, 606; works for it, 650; on child labor, 686; report of Child Welfare Dept. during the war, 730.

Laughlin, Gail, on The Industrial Laggard, 19; 37; 42; addresses Senate Com, 47; praised, asks square deal for women, at natl. conv. of 1905, 139.

Lawther, Anna B, 559; 568.

Lea, U. S. Sen. Luke, addresses natl. suff. conv, 1914, gives reasons for voting for Fed. Suff. Amend; results in equal suff. States irrefutable argument; scores "anti" women, 408; 627.

League of Nations, Natl. Suff. Assn. sends dele. to congresses, 557; assn. favors, 575; Dr. Shaw makes speaking tour for it with former Pres. Taft and Pres. Lowell, 739-40.

League to Enforce Peace, memorial to Dr. Shaw, 607; Dr. Shaw, mem. exec. com, speaks for, 758.

League of Women Voters, National, vi; originated by Mrs. Catt, 541; Call for, 552; Mrs. Catt urges orgztn, shows necessity; dominating feature of natl. suff. conv. in 1919, 553-4; Natl. Assn. refuses to merge till Fed. Amend. is secured, 561; name decided on, constitn. adopted, Mrs. Catt outlines aims, 570; Natl. Exec. Council recommends; $20,000 appropriated, 574; formal orgztn, objects agreed upon, 576; Call to first cong, 1919, 594; lion's share of natl. suff. conv, 595; Mrs. Shuler writes chapter on, 595; Pres. Wilson sends best wishes, 599; org. as independent society, auxiliaries of Natl. Assn. to join, 601; chairmen make western tour for ratif. of Fed. Amend, 606; large fund raised, 609; org. in States, 614; orgztn. perfected, 617; points of Mrs. Catt's address at orgztn. in 1919, its object and plan of work, 683-4; Dr. Shaw favors, 685; officers, duties, eight depts, 685; each discussed, 686; plans adopted by board of Natl. Suff. Assn, chairmen elected, 687; permanent orgztn. at natl. suff. conv. in Chicago in 1920, 668; its cong. opens, officers elected, 689; schools for citizenship arranged, 690; purposes of league, 691; censures U. S. Sen. Wadsworth, 692; confs. and dinners, program of work, resolutions adopted, improved legislation for women demanded; Cong. notified of action, 692-695; program presented to natl. polit. convs. and Pres. candidates, 699-701; it forms large Congressl. Com, 701; takes place of Natl. Suff. Assn. in the Intl. Alliance, 756. See Chapter XXII for full account.

Leckenby, Ellen S, 264.

Legislatures, special sessions for ratifying Fed. Suff. Amend, xxiii.

Leighty, Mrs. John R, 670.

Lenroot, U. S. Sen. Irvine L, moves to report res. for Wom. Suff. Com, 397; 548; 628; 645.

Leonard, Gertrude Halliday, 444.

Leser, Judge Oscar, opp. Fed. Suff. Amend, bef. Senate Com; 548, brings suit to test, 654; same, 682.

Leslie Bureau of Suffrage Education, reports of depts, 527-531; founded by Mrs. Catt with bequest of Mrs. Frank Leslie, 614.

Leslie, Mrs. Frank, legacy for wom. suff, iv, xxii; 527; 614; great bequest to Mrs. Catt for wom. suff, terms of will, 755.

Leslie Woman Suffrage Commission, organizes bureau of research, iv; its work, 527; contrib. to Natl. Assn, 542-558; sends out travelling suff. libraries, 557; assists League of Women Voters, 698; incorporated, headqrs. in New York, 754-5; Mrs. Catt's report, 756.

Leupp, Constance, 395.

Lewis and Clark Exposition, entertains natl. suff. conv, 117; woman's day, recep. to Miss Anthony and the conv, 132-3.

Lewis, Mrs. George Howard, entertains officers of Natl. and State Suff. Assns. and Coll. League, 1908, 230; presents $10,000 to Natl. Assn. in memory of Miss Anthony, 236; conv. sends greetings, 1910, 288; contrib. to assn, 315; presents res. that natl. officers must be non-partisan, 342; at Dr. Shaw's right hand when she resigns, contrib. salary of her secy, 457-8; tribute to Dr. Shaw and contrib. to memorial fund, 613.

Lewis, Mrs. Lawrence, 366; 454; 675; 707.

Lexow, Caroline, 208; 212; speaks on coll. wom. eve, 227; 229; 233; 255; 283; 661.

Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony, 167; Miss Anthony on "college women's evening" at Balto. conv, 173; Miss Garrett's recep, 182; large fund for suff. work, 183; gives birthday money to Ore. campn, 184; account of last birthday, 191; accounts of death and funeral services, 204; 205; 218; 249; 335; 359; account of Mrs. Stanton's death, 742; of Miss Anthony's effort for co-education in Roch. Univ, 744.

Lindsey, Judge Ben, visits Roosevelt to urge wom. suff. in Prog. Party platform, 706.

Lindsey, Louise, gavel to Dr. Shaw, 398.

Lindsey, Mrs. W. E, 517.

Liquor interests, hostility to wom. suff, xviii; power ends, xxiii; 166; 206; 211; power in politics, at bottom of opp. to wom. suff, 234; fight on wom. suff. in Ore, 247; work against in Ky, 388; in Neb, S. Dak. and Mont, 420-1; in Mich, 474; work in Iowa, 486; alliance with women "antis", 486; opp. even Pres. suff. for women, 539.

Littlefield. Paul, of Men's Anti-Suff. Com. (Penn.), 479.

Littleford, Hon. William, pres. Ohio Men's League, 670.

Littleton, U. S. Rep. Martin W. (N. Y.), at Congressl. hearing, 361; allies wom. suff. with Socialism, 362.

Livermore, Mrs. Arthur L, report for Literature Com, 1916, 493; same, 1917, over 1,000,000 copies of pamphlets, speeches, etc, distributed, 532; directs suff. school, 539; 541; 556; 559; 561; 573; 756.

Livermore, Mary A, letter to natl. suff. conv, 13; memorial res. of Natl. Assn, 146; Mrs. Howe's tribute to, 155.

Livingston, Deborah Knox, speaks at natl. suff. conv, 511; report on Maine campn, 520.

Lobby, for Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, 635.

Locke, Leon, 408.

Lockwood, Belva A, 657.

Lodge, U. S. Sen. Henry Cabot, anti-Fed. Suff. Amend. res, 639; 703; opp. wom. suff. plank in Repub. platform, 1916, 711.

Loines, Hilda, report as chmn. of assn's Food Production Com, 560; 730; report on Women's Land Army during the war, 731.

Long, ex-Secy, of Navy John D, on Suff. Advisory Com, 258; vice-pres. Men's Suff. League, 674.

Long, Dr. Margaret, treas. Natl. Coll. Women's League, 229; 661.

Longshore, Dr. Hannah, 73; 334.

Loomis, Rev. Alice Ball, 18; 20.

Lord. Mrs. M. B, 247.

Lord, Rev. William R, 340.

Lorimer, Rev. George C, 146.

Louisville, Ky, entertains natl. suff. conv. in 1911, 310.

Lovejoy, Dr. Owen R, shows need of wom. suff. in the cause of child labor, 496, 500.

Low, Seth, ignores women, 38.

Lowe, Caroline A, 327; speaks at hearing for 7,000,000 working women, denial of ballot greatest injustice, 350.

Lowell, Pres. A. Lawrence, Dr. Shaw joins on speaking tour for League of Nations, 740; 757.

Lowell, Josephine Shaw, 180; for wom. suff, 296.

Lowell, Judge Stephen R, 138.

Ludington, Katharine, at natl. suff. conv, 568; work in Conn, 602; 689.

Luscomb, Florence, 326.

M.

Mack, Judge Julian, 372.

Mackay, Mrs. Clarence, on Advisory Com, 258.

McAdoo, Secy, of the Treasury William G, for Fed. Suff. Amend, 590; on suff. platform, 724; restores 8-hour day to women, 729.

McAdoo, Mrs. William G, on recep. com. for suff. conv, 515; speaks at conv. on Liberty Loan, 533.

McAfee, Effie L. D, 666.

McAneny, Mrs. George, 613.

McArthur, U. S. Rep. C. N. (Ore.), 549.

McCall, Sarah J, bequest to Natl. Suff. Assn, 407.

McClintock, Mary Ann, calls first Wom. Rights Conv, 219.

McClung, Nellie, tells of Canadian women's war work and how it brought suffrage, 544; in Minn, 669.

McClure, S. S. and T. C, for wom. suff, 296.

McCormack, Mrs. James M, 494.

McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus H, 542.

McCormick, Katharine Dexter, 286; appt. to natl. board, address on broadening effects of suff. work, 324; sends gift of suff. literature to many States, 336; pays Natl. Assn's deficit of $6,000 on Woman's Journal, 337; treas. report for 1913, 372; 419; elected vice-pres, 425; organizes Volunteer Suff. League, 442; 454; re-elected, 456; 484; unique evening program, 488; 527; re-elected, 541; contrib. to Natl. Assn, 542; on Wom. Com. of Natl. Defense, 555; chmn. assn's War Service Dept, presides at meeting, 560; refutes slanders of "antis", 560; assists Congressl. Com, 567; address at natl. conv, 597; moves res. of gratitude to Pres. Wilson, 600; 608; 615; writes chapter on war work of suffs. for History, 720; 724; 726-7; 730; 737.

McCormick, Mrs. Medill, work for Pres. suff. in Ills, 370; offers res. to ask Pres. Wilson for interview on wom. suff. and is on com, 374; chmn. Natl. Congressl. Com, 381; valuable service, estab. Woman's Independence Day, 404; 411; report of Congressl. Com's. work for Fed. Suff. Amend; reasons for introd. Shafroth Amend, and defense of it, 411-416, 418; report for Campn. Com, 418; her com. assists Neb, 420; re-apptd. chmn, 424; elected natl. auditor; produces play, Your Girl and Mine, 425; contrib. to publicity work, 426; bef. House Judic. Com, 427; shows difference between Natl. Suff. Assn. and Congressl. Union, 434; presides at conf, 444; 450; report as chmn. Congressl. Com, 452; 454; report to Senate com, 465; suff. work in Ills, 483; resigns as chmn. Congressl. Com, 506; moves for com. to confer with Red Cross War Council, is herself appt, 540; 567; 627; 629; sponsor for Shafroth Palmer Amend, 747-8.

McCormick, Vance, for Fed. Suff. Amend, 638.

McCracken, Elizabeth, 114-15; 391.

McCulloch, Catharine Waugh, 17; on legal privileges of women, 70; legal adviser to Natl. Assn, 107; conducts protest against bill admitting new Territories with women classed with insane, idiots and felons, 129; legislative work, 262; mem. tributes to Mr. Blackwell and Mr. Garrison, 278; elected natl. vice-pres, 282-3; report as legal adviser, rising vote of thanks, 286; 289; at Senate hearing as justice of the peace, shows professional women's demand for the vote, 292; pays tribute to "family of Clay," tells of new chivalry, 312; 314; 324; report on mother's equal guardianship, 327; early work for Pres. suff. in Ills, 370; presides at hearing bef. Com. on Rules, 392; 394; offers res. of non-partisanship, 490; on limited suff, 495; on tour for ratif, 606; works for Fed. Suff. Amend, 650; org. Miss. Valley Conf, 667; on Legal Status of Women, 686, 690, 697; at Repub. Natl. Conv, 703; objects to Shafroth Palmer Amend, 747; helps revise constn. of Natl. Suff. Assn, 756.

McDowell, Mary E, on The Workingwomen as a Natl. Asset, tribute to Miss Anthony and suffs, 209-10; ballot will give wage-earning women new status in industry, 356-7; 690.

McDowell, R. A, 408.

McFarland, Henry B. F, 24; 515.

McGehee, Mrs. Edward, 400.

McIvor, Mrs. Campbell (Canada), 334; 501.

McKeller, U. S. Sen. Kenneth, invites natl. suff. conv. to Chattanooga, 382; 643.

McKinley, Pres. William, for wom. suff. when a youth, 133.

McKinley, Mrs. William, gives doll for suff. bazaar, 13.

McLaren, Priscilla Bright, 31.

McLean, Frances W, 229.

McNaughton, Dr. Clara W, 435; 658.

Macy, Mrs. V. Everit, 542.

Maddox, Etta, obtains admis. of women to the bar in Md, 42; 98; 179.

Mahoney, Nonie, 541.

Malone, Collector of the Port Dudley Field, on natl. suff. platform, plea for wom. suff, says women would vote for "preparedness," Mrs. Catt and Dr. Shaw object, 459-60; bef. Senate com, 548.

Manila, natl. suff. assn. protests against "regulated" vice in, 10.

Mann, U. S. Rep. James R. (Ills.), votes for Fed. Amend, 637; chmn. Com. on Wom. Suff, 644.

Mann, Mrs. James R, 515.

Manning, Rev. William P, 682.

Mansfeldt, Lieut. Col. W. A. E. (Holland), 674.

Maps, difficulty with suff. maps, 532.

Marbury, William L, brings suit to test Fed. Suff. Amend, 654; same, 682.

Marshall, Vice-pres. Thomas R, 646; tribute to Dr. Shaw, 760.

Martha Washington Hotel, 258.

Martin, Anne, tells natl. conv. of successful suff. campn. in Nev, 401; work in Nev, 421; 425; 454; presides at Senate hearing of Congressl. Union, 466; same, 547; 549; at last suff. hearing, 585; 675; chmn. Natl. Wom. Party, 676; at natl. Repub. conv, 710.

Martin, U. S. Sen. Thomas S, unfairness in Dem. caucus on Fed. Suff. Amend, 565; same, 642.

Marvel, Lulu H, natl. suff. conv. thanks, 501.

Mathews, Dean Lois K. (Wis. Univ.), 664.

Matthews, J. N, opp. wom. suff, 437.

Matthews, Prof. Shailer, for wom. suff, 296.

Maud, Queen of Norway, 247.

Mead, Edwin D, 674.

Mead, Lucia Ames, pleads for world orgztn. for peace, 97; 105; 133; work for peace, 138; same, 176; responsibility of U. S. for Peace and Arbitration, 187; all classes of women need the suffrage, 189; 210; report on Peace conferences; Amer. School Peace League, 240; urges Natl. Suff. Assn. to work for peace, 253; 289; tells of great peace funds and endowments and "Pres. Taft's noble efforts to secure treaties," 326; 338.

Meehan, Mrs. S. D, 395.

Meeker, U. S. Rep. Jacob E. (Mo.), 516.

Memorials, to pioneer suffs. at natl. conv, 1901, 16; to Miss Anthony, 201-2; 569; 615.

Men's Leagues for Woman Suffrage, International and National, Mr. Blackwell's interest in, 278; in Calif, 288; from Calif. to Va, 311; in U. S, has an evening at natl. suff. conv. in 1912, 340; in 1913, 377; in 1914, 407; league formed in Tenn, 408; chapter on, 673.

Meredith, Ellis, address on Menace of Podunk, 15; edits Progress, 35; on effect of wom. suff. in Colo, 101; 112; 585; improved election laws, 686; at Repub. Natl. Conv, 710.

Merrick, Caroline E, 17; pioneer suff. of La, shares honors with Miss Anthony, 58; 80; 106; 137; 191; 208.

Merrick, Edwin, need of wom. suff, 80.

Meyer, Heloise, elected to Natl. Bd, 501; in war service, 517; 526-7; retires from office, 541; 724.

Michigan, gives women taxpayers a vote, 243; wom. suff. amend. defeated by fraud, 339; other reasons, 474; gives suff. to women, 550; Natl. Assn. assists campn, 557.

Milholland, Inez, 326.

"Militancy," in Gt. Brit, xv; Mrs. Snowden justifies, 237-8; Dr. Shaw and natl. suff. conv. sympathize, 238; Alice Paul's account, 280; Mrs. Pankhurst says women stood 8 hrs. at entrance of House of Commons; assault of police, 330-1.

Miller, Alice Duer, Sisterhood of Women, 283; 502.

Miller, Anne Fitzhugh, 188; tribute to Mr. Blackwell, 279.

Miller, Caroline Hallowell, 33; 45; 180.

Miller, Elizabeth Smith, 34; 60; 208; 288; memorial, 328.

Miller, Florence Fenwick, at intl. conf. in Washtn, 31; 40-1; addresses House com. on official and polit. status of women in Gt. Brit, 52; 87.

Miller, Mayor John F. (Seattle), wom. suff. record of Wash, 250.

Miller, Mrs. John O, presents suff. flag from Penn. assn. to Natl, 501; chmn. com. on Dr. Shaw's mem. fund, 613.

Miller, Mrs. Walter McNab, tells of suff. petition in Mo, 402; elected to Natl. Bd, 425; 456; report of extensive field work, 483; 485; 516; reports for assn's war com. on Thrift, 520; work as chmn. of Congressl. Com; spoke 200 times in 15 States, wrote 3,000 letters, travelled 13,000 miles; work at Washtn. headqrs, 526-7; welcomes natl. suff. conv. to St. Louis, 553; report on Food Conservation, 1918, 560; at Anthony celebr, 615; 724; work on Thrift Com, 727.

Mills, Mrs. C. D. B, 559.

Mills, Harriet May, addresses Senate com, 47; same, 110; speaks at natl. suff. conv, 187; same, 289; same, 382; on N. Y. campn, 518.

Miner, Maude E, no danger in immoral women's vote, 233; 372.

Minor, Judge Francis, urges women to vote under 14th Amend, 622; carries case to U. S. Sup. Ct, 623; wants Cong. to enable women to vote for its members, 657.

Minor, Mrs. Francis, tries to vote under 14th Amend, 623.

Mississippi Valley Conference, members opp. Shafroth Amend, 422; orgztn, great need of, valuable work, 667-671.

Mitchell, John, 288.

Mitchell, U. S. Sen. John A, 111.

Mitchell, Mrs. Willis G, 519.

Mondell, U. S. Rep. Frank W. (Wyo.), introd. Fed. Suff. Amend, 1910, 300; testimony for equal suff. in Wyo, criticises Pres. Wilson for not referring to wom. suff. in message, calls for special suff. com, 396; speaks for Amend. bef. House Judic. Com, 428; 449; natl. suff. conv. thanks for assistance, 450-1; introd. Fed. Amend, 1917, 524; speaks for Wom. Suff. Com, 548; speaks for Fed. Amend, 629; on Wom. Suff. Com, 634; majority leader, 644.

Mondell, Mrs. Frank W, 396.

Monroe, Lilla Day, 196.

Montana, successful suff. campn, 401, 409; liquor interests and copper company opp. Wom. Suff. Amend, Miss Rankin's work, 421; Repub. and Dem. women's vote, 584; gives wom. suff, 625.

Moore, Laura, 137; 204.

Moore, Mrs. Philip North (Eva Perry), pays tribute to Miss Anthony and other suff. pioneers, 171; 540; 558; 726.

Morawetz, Mrs. Victor, in N. Y. campn, 519.

Morgan, Laura Puffer, 442; 430.

Morgan, Mrs. Raymond B, 664.

Morgan, Mrs. W. Y, 495; 517.

Mormonism, attack on in anti-suff. speech, Sen. Sutherland protests; its part in wom, suff, 467-8.

Morris, Esther, 34; 73.

Morrisson, Mrs. James W, elected natl. rec. secy, 456; work for suff. parade in Chicago during Repub. Natl. Conv, tribute to Mrs. Medill McCormick, 482; 485; 501.

Morton, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter, urges higher moral standard for men, 224.

Moses, U. S. Sen. George H, Roosevelt urges to vote for Fed. Amend, 571.

Moss, U. S. Rep. Hunter H. (W. Va.), votes for Fed. Suff. Amend, 631.

Mosshart, Gertrude C, 528.

Mott, Anna C, 74.

Mott, Lucretia, 185; 219; "the inspired preacher," 333-4; reminis. of, 569; calls first Woman's Rights Conv, 618; at first one in Washtn, 621; 664.

Mountford, Lydia von Finkelstein, 41.

Moylan, Penn, home of Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, 740.

Munds, Frances W, 341.

Municipal Suffrage, plan of work for, 10; Jane Addams shows women's need of, 178; campn. for, 194; Prof. Sophonisba Breckinridge urges; its value in New Orleans, 195; Anna E. Nicholas shows need of, 196; defeated in Chicago by charter conv, 195; Miss Addams tells of, 207; in Kans, 196; in New Orleans, 195-6; women's petitions for in Chicago, 392; granted in Tenn, 551; in Fla. and Atlanta, 602; in Vt, 632.

Municipal Work, women's, in New York, 38; in Phila, 177.

Murdock, U. S. Rep. Victor (Kans.), 377.

Mussey, Ellen Spencer, 205.

Myers, Dr. Annice Jeffreys, 134; 145; 147; 152; 204; memorial, 328.

Myers, Jefferson, 109; pays tribute to Miss Anthony, her co-workers and their cause, 122.

Mythen, Rev. James Grattan, 340.

N

Names, distinguished list on receiving com. for natl. suff. conv. of 1915, 515; those in war service, 517.

Nashville, entertains natl. suff. conv. of 1914 in Representatives' Hall, welcomed by Mayor Hilary Howse, 398.

Nathan, Maud, 95; on the Wage Earner and the Ballot, 96; 110; on Women Warriors, 181; 559.

National American Woman Suffrage Association, efforts for planks in natl. polit. convs, see Planks; work for Fed. Amend, xvii; orgztn. of two branches and their union, objects and work, 1, 2; its convs, Congressl. hearings, money raised, nation-wide efforts and their result, chapters I to XIX inclusive; list of officers, first page of each; business women's tribute, 21; calls intl. suff. conf, 24; conv. protests against "regulated" vice in Philippines, appts. com. to see Pres. Roosevelt, who declares against it and War Dept. stops it, 44; attacked on "race question" states its neutral position, 59; plan of work for 1903, 61; assists campns. in Ore, 147; S. Dak, 240; Okla, 252; Ariz, S. Dak, 253; passes res. of non-partisanship, 343; membership and petitions compared with anti-suff's, 392; permeated with new life in 1915, great accession of young women, 441; repudiates Shafroth Palmer Amend; resolves to work only for original Fed. Amend, 452; cooperation with Congressl. Union found impossible, 454; elects Mrs. Catt pres, 455-6; ovation to Dr. Shaw, 457; demand for Fed. Amend, 460; work of 63 St. auxiliaries; attacks no party, 464; Dr. Shaw shows diff. bet. it and Congressl. Union, 471; debate at Atlantic City conv. on its future policy, 486; Dr. Shaw urges no change, 487; Mrs. Catt takes same view, 501; nation-wide plan of work, 510; Call for conv. of 1917 demands Fed. Amend. from Cong, 513; officers in war service, 517; Exec. Council pledges loyalty and service to Govt, 518, 527; decides to enter polit. campns, 542; celebrates 50th anniv, 551; no conv. in 1918; conf. of Exec. Council at Indpls; Call for natl. conv. in 1919; changed character of convs, 552; nation-wide work for Fed. Amend, 554-557; campns. against anti-suff. candidates for Cong, 557; gives $30,720 to suff. campns. in Mich, S. Dak. and Okla, 558; natl. conv. vetoes proposal to merge assn. in League of Women Voters till Fed. Amend. is secured, 561; Pioneers' evening, 569; recommendations of Natl. Exec. Council for 1919, 574; first organized body of women to offer services to Govt. for war; attitude toward peace, 578; Chicago entertains last natl. suff. conv. and first cong. of League of Women Voters, 594; Jubilee conv. to celebr. end of its work, 594; Exec. Council program for future action, 596; thanks Governors who called spec. sessions to ratify amend, 600; program adopted by conv. assn. shall "move toward dissolution," 600; auxiliaries will join League of Women Voters, 601; large assistance to southern States, 603; Mrs. Shuler's tribute to, 607; presents honor rolls to early workers, 616; meets with League of Women Voters, 617; assn. was formed for amending Fed. Constitn, 622; united with American Assn, 622; works against election of anti-suff. Senators, 641; assists League of Women Voters, 698; effort for wom. suff. planks in natl. polit. platforms, 702; calls on Res. Com. of Natl. Repub. Conv. in 1920 to secure final ratif. of Fed. Suff. Amend, 718; war service to Govt. during the war, 720 et seq; Pres. Wilson approves, 725; its officers and members on Woman's Com. of Council of Natl. Defense, 726; action on Shafroth Palmer Amend, in 1914 and 1915, 750; reasons for continuing after suff. was gained, new constitn. made, officers elected, principal object to remove legal and civil discriminations against women, present status, 755-757; Official Bd. issues Mem. for Dr. Shaw, 759.

National Council of Women Voters, 42; res. for wom. suff. in 1909, 249; greetings to natl. suff. conv, 341; in Washtn, 379, 626.

Nationality of wives, Miss Rankin's bill for, 521.

National Junior Suffrage Corps, 405.

National Press Bureau, reports, Mrs. Babcock, chmn, 1901, 14; 1905, 131; 1906, 163. Miss Hauser, chmn, 1907, 204; 1908, 218; 1909, 250. Mrs. Harper, chmn, 1910, 287. Miss Reilly, chmn, 1911, 315; 1912, 336. Miss Byrns, chmn, 1913, 368; 1914, 405. Mr. Hallinan, chmn, 1915, 482. Mr. Heaslip, chmn, 1916, 494. Mrs. McCormick, chmn, 1917, 527. Mrs. Harper, 528. Miss Young, chmn, 1918, 1919, 570; Mrs. Harper, 571. At Washtn. headqrs, Miss Shuler, chmn, 1918, 1919, 573.

National Woman Suffrage Conventions, described in first 19 chapters; tribute to, 46; descrip. by Woman's Journal, 290. Changed character of, 552; see Conventions.

National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co, organized, 372; 405; 481; report, 1917, over 10,000,000 pieces of suff. literature printed, 532; 1918, 6,000,000 pieces, 573; total, 50,000,000; see Ogden, Esther G.

National Woman's Party, see Congressional Union.

Nebraska, liquor interests in suff. campn, 420; Pres. and Munic. suff. declared legal and "male" left out of new constitn, 602.

Negroes, "race question" injected at natl. suff. conv. in New Orleans, Official Board responds, 59; delegates address Phyllis Wheatley Club; its president gives flowers to Miss Anthony with touching words, 60; Dr. Shaw settles color questions, 75; 77; 80; Mrs. Catt says each State must decide, 83; Mrs. Terrill pleads for negroes, 105; Miss Anthony champions cause, 203; danger of vote in South discussed, 580; men enfranchised by Fed. Amend, 746; after Civil War, 751.

Nelson, Pres. Frank (Minn. Coll.), 669.

Nelson, U. S. Rep. John M. (Wis.), 709.

Nelson, Julia B, 132.

Nelson, U. S. Sen. Knute, 323.

Nestor, Agnes, 726.

Nevada, story of successful campn, 401.

New Jersey, sends wom. suff. deputn. to Pres. Wilson, 379; fraudulent vote on wom. suff, 630.

New Orleans, entertains natl. suff. conv, 55-6; delightful entertainment, 84.

News Letter, published by Natl. Assn, 442.

New York, gives suff. to women, xxiii; discriminates against women teachers, 294; adoption of State amend. decides suff. question, 517; natl. conv. devotes evening to victory, story of great campn.; cost $682,500, 518-19; women's war service, 533; statistics of vote on wom. suff. amend, 537; great value of, 634; Mrs. Catt describes campn, 753.

Nicholes, Anna E, women's need of Munic. suff, 196.

Nicholes, S. Grace, 408.

Nicholson, Eliza J, ed. of Picayune, 58.

Nightingale, Florence, for wom, suff, 461.

Nixon, Frederick S, 180.

Non Partisanship, natl. suff. conv. 1912, defeats res. for and then passes one, 342-3; Natl. Amer. Assn. opposed to holding party in power responsible for wom. suff, 412, 426; members of Congressl. Union give reasons for, Dems. object, 429-30; Natl. Suff. Assn. stands for non partisanship, 434; 461; 464; 471; reaffirmed at natl. conv, 1916, 490; at conv. 1919, 574.

Northrop, Dr. Cyrus, 669.

Norway, wom. suff. and women in office, 48.

Nugent, James R, 713.

O

Obenchain, Lida Calvert, 328.

Oberlin College, 220; 226; 255.

O'Connor, Mrs. T. P, 326.

Odenheimer, Cordelia R. P, Pres. Genl. Daughters of Confederacy, 515.

Officers, women, effect of Fed. Suff. Amend, iv; in Norway, 48; in Australia, 91, 292.

Ogden, Esther G, elected natl. vice-pres, 456; tells of Natl. Suff. Pub. Co. and little "golden flier," 481-2; reports for Natl. Suff. Pub. Co, 532; 541; 559; 573; final report of Natl. Suff. Pub. Co, 614; 716; 724.

Ohio, effort to ratify Fed. Suff. Amend, 649; 652.

Oklahoma, Natl. Assn. assists effort for wom. suff, 211; first suff. campn, 252, 277; second, 557; successful, 641.

Olds, Emma S, 67; 107; 208.

Oleson, Mrs. Peter, 610.

Oliphant, Mrs. O. D, 391; 437; 477.

Olmstead, Rev. Margaret T, 18; 20.

Olsen, Justice Harry, 372.

O'Neil, Mrs. David M, 668.

Oregon, polit. leaders urge suff. campn; Natl. Assn. agrees to assist, 147; Dr. Shaw points out responsibility of Ore. men and women, 149; assn. helps, 161; appeal for campn. funds at natl. suff. conv, 161; generous response, Miss Anthony gives her birthday money, 184; defeat of amend, 200; work of Natl. Assn, 211; 254; majority vote for amend, 1912, 332; 337.

O'Reilly, Leonora, 334; bef. Senate Com; demand of working women for the ballot, 351.

Organizations, large number endorse wom. suff, 1906, 162; none oppose, 205; in 1908, 218; in 1909, 249; in 1910, 281.

Organizations of Women, efforts for better laws, iv.

Organizers, 225 employed in 1917, instructed by Mrs. Catt, work done, 539; in 1918, work in 20 States, 556-7; list of in 1919, Mrs. Shuler praises, 603.

Osborn, Gov. Chase S. (Mich.), greets natl. suff. conv, 341.

Osborne, Eliza Wright, 219; 288; memorial, 328.

O'Shaughnessy, U. S. Rep. George F. (R. I.), 549.

O'Sullivan, Mary Kenney, 174; asks suff. for working women, injustice of Govt, 189.

Oversea Hospitals, Women's, Natl. Suff. Assn. maintains, 558; 568; 574; Assn's. fund for, 608; final report, 613; report of Mrs. Tiffany and Mrs. Brown, its directors, at natl. conv. of 1919, valuable work in France, recognition by French Govt, 732-735; financial report of Mrs. Rogers, natl. treas, 734.

Owen, U. S. Sen. Robert L, natl. suff. conv. greets mother, 269; his powerful argument for wom. suff, 274; 323; 383; 501; 504; 627; 709.

Owens, Helen Brewster, 373.

P

Page, Mary Hutcheson, conf. on polit. work, 286.

Palmer, Atty. Gen. A. Mitchell, 654.

Palmer, Alice Freeman, 74; for wom. suff, 296.

Palmer, Prof. George Herbert, 296.

Palmer, U. S. Sen. Thomas W, bequest to Natl. Suff. Assn, 407.

Pankhurst, Emmeline, advises U. S. suff. headqrs. to sell not give literature, 267; receives ovation at natl. suff. conv.; explains revolution of women in Gt. Brit, 330.

Parades, begun in U. S, xx; in London, 233; in Gt. Brit, 237; with Fed. Amend, petit, in Washtn, 275; in New York and Washtn, 1913, 367; in Washtn. bef. inauguration, 378-9; in New York, 470; in Chicago during Repub. Natl. Conv, 482-3; "walkless parade," in St. Louis at Dem. Natl. Conv, 483; in Chicago, 484; of British women during the war, 534; in Washtn, 625; New York, 626; Washtn, 632; Men's Leagues march, 674; in Balto, 708; rainy day parade in Chicago in 1916, 710; the "walk-less" in St. Louis, 712.

Park, Alice L, 249.

Park, Maud Wood, natl. suff. conv, 1903, 83; 133; 148; at conv. in Balto, unselfishness of suff. leaders, duty of college women to assist their work, 168; 171; describes Coll. Wom. Suff. League, 226; 229; on Mass, campn, 409; 444; report for Congressl. Com, 1917, 523; presides at hearing bef. Rules Com, 549; 561; report as chmn. of Congressl. Com, 1919, 562-567; tribute to helpful Senators; names them, 566; praise for members of Congressl. Com, names them, 566; conv. gives rising vote of thanks and dele, speak words of praise, 567-8; re-elected, 574; at last suff. hearing, 577; excellent speech, 590; 604; 632; Congressl. Com. report, 633; tribute to Pres. Wilson, 640; org. Coll. Wom. Suff. League, 660-1; 664; chmn. Natl. League of Women Voters, 689; 701; bef. Repub. Natl. Com, 717.

Parker, Adella M, 255; 257; 264.

Parker, U. S. Rep. Richard Wayne (N. J.), chmn. at suff. hearing, 300; compliments speakers, makes no report, 309.

Parker, Dr. Valeria, on tour for ratif, 606; 650; on social hygiene, 686, 690, 696.

Parsons, Elsie Clews, 661.

Parsons, National Committeeman Herbert, 511.

Parsons, Mary Ely, furnishes Dr. Shaw's office, 276.

Patten, Dr. Simon N, 296.

Patterson, Hannah J, report on Penn. campn, 409; on how to organize, 444; 450; elected natl. vice-pres, 456; natl. cor. secy's, report, 1916, 481; 485; 501; 503; tribute from chmn. Congressl. Com, 509; on Woman's Com. of Council of Natl. Defense, 726; receives distinguished service medal, 739.

Patterson, U. S. Sen. Thomas M, addresses natl. suff. conv, 45.

Patterson, Mrs. Thomas M, 74.

Paul, Alice, tells of "militancy" in Gt. Brit, 280; chmn. Congressl. Com, 366; arranges for Pres. Wilson to receive wom. suff. deputation, 374; takes part in English "militant" movement, sent to prison; wants to start one in U. S. but idea frowned upon by Dr. Shaw, who appoints her chmn. Congressl. Com. to organize parade in Washtn.; shows much exec. ability; makes com. report to natl. conv, 377-381; forms Congressl. Union, is chmn.; Mrs. Catt makes inquiries, 379-80; Natl. Suff. Bd. will not permit her to act as chmn. of both and she is deposed from Congressl. Com.; remains head of Union, 381; has it fight Dem. party, 454-5; presides at hearing bef. House Com.; members attack her for trying to defeat Dems, who were friends of wom. suff; she defends this action, 474-5; asks chairman Webb what will be in Dem. platform, 476; heads Congressl. Com, 625; org. Congressl. Union, 675; reorganized as Natl. Woman's Party, 1917, Miss Paul chmn, 676; 678-9.

Peabody, George Foster, on wom. suff. platform, 340; holds Dr. Shaw's annuity fund, 458.

Peace and Arbitration, Natl. Suff. Assn. favors, 67; Mrs. Mead and Mrs. Catt appeal for, 97-8; responsibility of U. S. for, 187; natl. suff. conv. endorses recommendation of Inter Parliamentary Union, 212; 240; Mrs. Mead calls on Natl. Amer. Suff. Assn. to assist educatl, work for it, 254; Pres. Taft's effort for treaties, 326; 328; natl. suff conv. in 1914 demands women should have a voice, commends Pres. Wilson's effort for peace, 426; assn's. attitude during the war, 578; Dr. Shaw's demand for world peace, 759.

Peck, Prof. Mary Gray, elected natl headqrs. secy, 261; gives report of new headqrs, value of New York center, increased demand for literature, large sales, valuable suggestions, 267-9; on Congressl. Com, 319.

Pendleton, Pres. Ellen F, 663.

Penfield, Jean Nelson, 338; bef. Senate com, women's need of ballot in social service work, 352; on tour for ratif, 606; same, 650.

Penfield, Perle, 253; 261.

Penn, Hannah, only woman Governor, 334.

Penn, William, Govt. free only when people make laws, 334.

Pennybacker, Mrs. Percy V, report on Child Welfare, 560; 687; 690; 697.

Penrose, U. S. Sen. Boies, refuses to see suff. dele, 516; opp. to suff. plank in Repub. natl. platform, 711.

Perkins, Prof. Emma M, 212.

Perkins, Mrs. Roger G, 494.

Perkins, Mrs. S.M.C, 656.

Petersen, Florence Bennett, 669-70.

Petition of National American Suffrage Association for Federal Amendment, list of com, immense work, 258; report on vast work, Mrs. Catt's contrib. signatures of writers; automobile parade to Capitol to present; vote of thanks to members from natl. suff. conv, 1910; last petition, 274-5; distinguished signers, 300; in 1913, 368; 200,000 names presented to Senate, 378; those of suffs. and "antis" compared, 392; first to Cong, for worn, suff, 619; first for 16th Amend, 623; great petition 1913, 626; for Wom. Suff. Com, 633; to senate for Fed. Amend, 638; initiative petit, of 38,000 in Mo, 402; 98,000 Conn, women petit. Legis. for Pres. suff, 602; 11,000 in Del. to U.S. Senate for Fed. Amend, 638; treatment of petitions in Mass, 188.

Phelan, U. S. Sen. James D, 645.

Philadelphia, municipal corruption, need of women's votes, 65, 72; ignoring of women's civic work, 177; entertains natl. suff. conv. of 1912, overflow meetings, 332; great rally in Independence Square, 333.

Philippines, wom. suff. soc. formed, 561.

Phillips, Elsie Cole, at Senate hearing; need of the ballot by wives and mothers of working classes; theirs not the ignorant vote, 348; 361.

"Picketing," work of natl. Press Bureau to counteract; Mrs. Catt and Dr. Shaw condemn, editorials on, 529-30.

Pierce, Charlotte, 16; 209; sole survivor of first Woman's Rights Convention, 333; 559; natl. conv. sends letter, 1920, 610.

Pierce, Katherine, 685.

Pierce, Rev. U. G. B, 459; 515.

Pinchot, Gifford, shows nation's need of women's vote, 377.

Pinchot, Mrs. Gifford, entertains Natl. Bd, 516; report on Industrial Protection of Women, 560; 731.

Pinkham, Winona Osborne, 729.

Pioneers, at natl. conv. '02, 31; suff. luncheon at natl. conv. in Chicago, 615.

Pittman, U. S. Sen. Key, 713.

Pitzer, Annie, 341.

Planks, for Woman Suffrage, efforts to obtain in platforms of polit. parties; Repub. and Dem. endorse suff. in 1916 but not Fed. Amend.; efforts at State convs, 504-5; Natl. Assn's. effort to secure from natl. Pres. convs, in 1904, 702; in 1908, 703; in 1912, 704-8; in 1916, 509, 708; in 1920, 715. See Chapter XXIII.

Plan of work, for 1901, 10; for 1906, 163; for 1909, 240; for 1917, 510.

Platt, Margaret B, 247.

Plummer, Mary R, 667.

Podell, Nettie A, 286.

Pohl, Dr. Esther Lovejoy, 133.

Poindexter, U. S. Sen. Miles, 638.

Poindexter, Mrs. Miles, 382.

Polk, Gov. Joseph K. (Mo.), 668.

Pollock, U. S. Sen. William P, speaks for Fed. Suff. Amend, 565, 642; copies of speech sent to southern States, 603; tries to obtain needed vote, 641; 647.

Pomerene, U.S. Sen. Atlee, refuses to represent his State on Fed. Suff. Amend, 598.

Pomeroy, U. S. Sen. S. C, offers first res. for Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, in 1868, 621.

Porritt, Annie G, Laws Affecting Women and Children, 494; 532.

Portland, Ore, entertains natl. suff. conv, 117; Mrs. Duniway and others meet the delegates, cordial welcome from press and people, 119.

Porto Rico, Natl. Assn. asks wom. suff. for, 11; suff. soc. formed, 561.

Post, Louis F, on Ethics of Suffrage, 18; 20; 205; 212.

Potter, Eva, 556.

Potter, Prof. Frances Squire, Women and the Vote, speech on coll. women's eve, 228; at Spokane, 246; masterly speech on Coll. Women and Democracy, 255-6; 260; elected natl. cor. secy, 261; 265; sends letter of regret from Natl. Suff. Bd. to Pres. Taft, 272; address on The Making of Democracy, 274; natl. cor. secy's, report, conv. gives rising vote, declines re-election, 381-3; on Res. Com, 289; 290.

Pou, U. S. Rep. Edward W. (N. C.), chmn. Rules Com, 524; 548; 628; 633; for Wom. Suff. Com, 634-5.

Pound, L. Annice, 109.

Poyntz, Juliet Stuart, 283.

Pratt, Mayor N. S, welcomes suff. dele, to Spokane, 244.

Presidential Conventions, treatment of wom. suff, see Chapter XXIII.

Presidential Suffrage, natl. assn's. early work for, 2, 11; Mr. Blackwell's argument for, 12; right of Legis. to grant, 43; great value of, 62; Chief Justice Fuller's decision, 130; line of least resistance, 219; gained in Ills. and other States, power it gives women; first suggested by U. S. Sen. Hoar, 369-70; Ills. Sup. Ct. declares legality, 407; Natl. Exec. Council strongly endorses, 452; bills introduced in 1916, 495; Mrs. Catt declares grant by Legis. legal, 520; great "drive" for begun, 528; Natl. Assn. works for, victories gained, 539; great gains in 1918, 550-1; Mo. Legis. grants during natl. suff. conv; appeals to conv. from Iowa, Tenn. and Conn, to ask their Legis. for it, 559; 98,000 women ask for in Conn, 602; granted in many States, 602, 632, 643; effect on personnel of Cong, 643.

Price, Ellen H. E, welcomes natl. suff. conv. to Phila, 33-4; 666.

Price, Lucy J, 391; 467; 476; 548; 585.

Primary Suffrage, in Texas, 551; in Ark, 632; in Texas, 641.

Prince of Wales, decorates Amer. woman doctor for war service, 735. See Finley.

Progress, natl. suff. organ, begun, 35; wide circulation, 60; 62,000 distrib, made a monthly, 162; changed to weekly, 205.

Progressive Party, adopts worn, suff, xxi; women assist, 1912, 342; Natl. Conv. declares for Fed. Suff. Amend, 480; for worn, suff, 625; formed in Chicago, adopts worn, suff, women flock into it, 705-707; strong woman suffrage plank, 714.

Prohibition, Federal Amendment adopted, xxiii; vote for compared with vote for Suff. Amend, 449; submitted by Cong; suffs. see State's rights advocates voting for it, 537.

Prohibition Party, wom. suff. in platform, 206; women assist, 1912, 342; Natl. Conv. declares for Fed. Suff. Amend, 480; accepts League of Women Voters' planks, 700; always for wom, suff, 702; 714.

Proxies, natl, suff. conv. 1912, abolishes their voting, 341.

Publishing Company, Woman Suffrage; see Natl. Wom. Suff. Pub. Co.

Pyle, Mrs. John L, work in S. Dak, 420-1; describes successful campn, 494; 570; 669; offers res. against U. S. Sen. Wadsworth in natl. suff. conv, 692.

Q

Queen Mary, cables Dr. Shaw thanks of British women to Woman's Com. of Council of Natl. Defense, 738.

Queen Maud, of Norway, 247.

R

Race Problem, Natl. Suff. Assn. declares its neutral position, 59; Mrs. Catt says each State must decide it, 83; U. S. Sen. Borah's opinion, 413. See Negroes.

Rainey, Mrs. Henry T, 382.

Raker, U. S. Rep. John E. (Calif.), wom. suff. clean cut question of right, 356; demands Com. on Wom. Suff. in Lower House, 388; at hearing in 1916, 504-5; introd. Fed. Amend, and res. for Wom. Suff. Com, 1917, 524; 548; introd. new res. for Fed. Suff. Amend, 562; presides at hearing, 577; interviews Pres. Wilson, 583; 628; chmn. new Com. on Wom. Suff, 634-5-6; for Fed. Elections Bill, 658.

Raker, Mrs. John E, 382.

Rankin, Jeannette, report as field secy, 368; tells of Montana victory, 409; on Congressl. Com, 451; as U. S. Rep. addresses suff. conv, 520-1; tells of her bill for nationality of wives, 521; speaks at natl. suff. headqrs. in Washtn, 523; introd. Fed. Suff. Amend, 524; urges it at Senate hearing, 546; 548; grills anti-suff. speaker, 584; vote against war, 585; first wom. Representative, speaks at suff. headqrs. and escorted to Capitol, 632; 633; opens debate on Fed. Amend, 636.

Ranlett, Helen, 368; 405.

Ransdell, U. S. Sen. Joseph E, on Wom. Suff. Com, 383; votes for Fed. Amend, 627.

Ratification of Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment, Mrs. Catt's plans and work for; sends representatives to Governors, 649-650; effort for spec, sessions of Legis, New York and Kans. lead; Mrs. Catt heads deputation to western States, 650; action of southern section; Conn, and Vt, 651; great fight in Tenn, Mrs. Catt leads, Pres. Wilson assists, 652; Maine and Ohio try referendum, U. S. Sup. Ct. decision, final victory, Amend, proclaimed, 652; Conn, then ratifies and later Vt, 653; appeals to courts, 653-655. See St. chapters in Vol. VI near end of each. Fight on by Men's Anti-Suff. Assn. in Conn, Md, W. Va, and Tenn, 681-2.

Ratifications of Federal Amendment, partial list, 606.

Red Cross, 535; natl. suff. conv. asks that women be represented on its War Council; women do much of its work, plan of worn, nurses in army hospitals orig. with a woman and first military hospital was estab. by a woman; com. appointed to confer with Red Cross, 540; branch in natl. suff. headqrs, 567.

Reed, U. S. Sen. James A, 638; 645.

Reed, Speaker Thomas B, 73; for wom. suff. 236.

Reid, Mrs. Ogden Mills, 519.

Reilley, Mrs. Eugene, 490.

Reilly, Caroline I, 249; report of Natl. Press Bureau for 1911; its work extends around the globe, 315; for 1912, 20 syndicates on list, 2,000 copies of press bulletin sent weekly to every State and many countries, spec, editions for papers prepared, 3,000 letters answered during year, 336; 604.

Remsen, Pres. Ira, presides at coll. wom. suff. evening, in Balto, 168; invites natl. suff. conv. to visit Johns Hopkins, 183.

Reports on Federal Suffrage Amendment, Senate and House Coms, urged to report, 299, 303, 309; refuse, 1912, 363; from coms, of Cong, 624; favorable from Senate, 626, 633; few reports from House, 627; from House Com. on Rules, 628; from House Judic, 631; from House Wom. Suff. Com. 635.

Republican National Committee refuses to give natl. suff. com. list of its candidates for Cong, 319; receives suff. speakers, 440; natl. suff. conv. thanks chmn. for help with Fed. Amend, 610; effort for amend, 636-638; Mrs. Catt thanks, 648; work for ratification, 651-2; in 1920 sends out appeal for it, 715.

Republican National Conventions, one in 1916 declares for wom. suff, 480; refuses plank for Fed. Amend, but endorse wom. suff, 505; struggle over plank, 509-10; action on League of Women Voters' planks, 700; on wom. suff. planks in 1904, 702; in 1908, 703; in 1912, 704; great struggle in 1916, names of friends and foes, State's rights plank, 710-712; in 1920, Natl. Suff. Assn. demands ratif. of Fed. Amend, presents plank, Res. Com. evades, 716-17; women ask representation in party, partially conceded, 717.

Republican Party, attitude toward wom. suff, xviii, xx; adopts plank, xxi; vote in Cong, xxii, xxiii; record on Fed. Suff. Amend, 430; why was it not held responsible, 434; record of members of Cong, on Fed. Suff. Amend, 474-5; vote of members of Cong, on Wom. Suff. Com, 525; vote of members of Cong, on Fed. Amend, 563, 565; members in Cong, responsible for delay of Amend, 598; promise Amend, 620; do not assist, 625; vote in Cong, on Fed. Amend, Senate, 624, 627; Lower House, 629, 636; Senate, 640, 642; House, 644; Senate, 646. See 647-8-9. Res. of Senators, 639; party makes first declaration for State's rights in wom. suff. plank, 1916, 711.

Resolutions, adopted by natl. suff. conv. of 1901, 15; of 1902, 43; 1903, 67; of 1904, 105; of 1905, 136, 145-6; of 1906, 179; of 1907, 212; of 1908, 240; of 1909, 257; of 1911, 328; of 1912, 339; of 1913, 373; of 1914, 425-6; of 1915, sacredness of home and marriage, 461; of 1916, 502; of 1917, loyalty and service to the Govt, 518; Cong. urged to submit Fed. Suff. Amend. as a War measure; rejoicing over many important victories; support for war measures of Govt; equal pay for equal work, 543; of 1919, 574-5; of 1920, 600-1.

Resolutions for Woman Suffrage by various organizations, 128.

Reynolds, Minnie J, work on natl. suff. petit, 258; secures writers' names, 275; gives eminent list at Senate hearing, 295-297.

Rhees, Pres. Rush, speaks of Anthony Mem. Bldg, 744.

Rhinelander, Rt. Rev. Philip Mercer, 343.

Richards, Janet, 260, 264; bef. House Judic. Com, 434; on recep. com, 1917, 515.

Richardson, A. Madely, 611.

Richardson, Nell, 6,000 mile motor suff. trip, 481.

Richardson, "Tom", welcomes natl. suff. conv. to New Orleans, 57.

Ringrose, Mary E, 317.

Riordan, U. S. Rep, Daniel J. (N. Y.), 548; 645.

Roberts, Gov. Albert H, helps ratif. in Tenn, 652; Dem. Natl. Com. urges to call spec. session for ratif, 717.

Robertson, Beatrice Forbes, 289.

Robins, Raymond, 289; 511.

Robins, Mrs. Raymond, pres. Natl. Wom. Trade Union League, on White Slave Traffic, 286; appeals for vote in name of the league, 302; 306; res. that suffs. support only candidates favoring Fed. Amend, stirs up Atlantic City conv, 489; asks ballot for women wage earners, 496, 499; 564; 570; chmn. Women in Industry Com, 686, 692.

Robinson, State Sen. Helen Ring (Colo.), 366.

Robinson, Margaret C, accused by Mrs. Catt of making false assertions against her during the war, 736.

Rochester University, mem. bldg. for Miss Anthony, 200-1.

Rodgers, Helen Z. M, 214.

Roessing, Mrs. Frank M, tells of Penn. campn, 444; 450; elected natl. vice-pres, 456; 485; 501; appt. chmn. Congressl. Comm, 506; report of work, 503-511; aids Congressl. Com, 525; 566; work at Repub. Natl. Conv, 710.

Rogers, Mrs. Henry Wade, elected natl. treas, 425; report, large receipts, 441; re-elected, 456; report for 1916, receipts, $81,869; obligations to "finance com. of fifty," 482-3; report as chmn. for war com. on Food Production, 520; re-elected, treas. report for 1917, comparison with early days, 541; 555; report for 1918, receipts, $107,736; Oversea Hospitals' fund, $133,339, 558; report, receipts from 1914 to 1920; with Oversea Hospitals' fund, $612,000, 608; seven years of gratuitous service, 609; at Repub. Natl. Conv, 716; 724; report of funds for Women's Oversea Hospitals during the war, 734.

Rogers, Mrs. John, 395.

Roosevelt, Alice, greets Miss Anthony, 88.

Roosevelt, President Theodore, xxi; invites Miss Anthony to White House, 88; receives natl. suff. conv, 99; it asks him to recommend Fed. Suff. Amend, 126; Miss Anthony presents list of requests, all ignored, 137; birthday letter to Miss Anthony, 191; suff. com. interviews, he says a petition would have no effect on him, 217; 222; says people have a right to change Natl. Constitn, 359; speaks for wom. suff, in Metrop. Opera House, New York, 367; urges U. S. Sen. Moses to vote for Fed. Suff. Amend, 571; favors Amend, 579; favors wom. suff. plank in Progressive platform, 625; speaks for it, 626; urges Fed. Suff. Amend, 634, 636; at Natl. Repub. Conv, 1912, 705; forms Progressive Party; its res. com. substitutes another for his wom. suff. plank, 706; he accepts and speaks for it, 707; while Pres, he refused all appeals, 706.

Roosevelt, Jr, Mrs. Theodore, 442.

Root, Mrs. Elihu, advises Pres. Taft not to welcome natl. suff. conv, 269.

Root, Martha S, 106; 146.

Rowe, Charlotte, amazing "anti" speech, 592.

Rucker, U. S. Rep. A. W, speaks for Colo, at suff. conv, 269; introd. Fed. Suff. Amend, 300; women's vote in Colo, 308; 354.

Rumely, Edward A, 548.

Russia, loyal to U. S, 28; legal and polit. status of women, 50; 213.

Ruutz-Rees, Caroline, 372; elected natl. vice-pres, 373; org. Junior Suff. Corps, 405; chmn. Com. on Literature, compiles some of Dr. Shaw's speeches, 447; bef. Senate com, 464; bef. House com, 472; at mem. service for Dr. Shaw, 611.

Ryan, Agnes E, 315; 380.

Ryerson, Mrs. Arthur, 542.

Ryshpan, Bertha, 286.

S

Sacajawea, statue dedicated, 132.

Safford, Rev. Mary A, 98; 541; 553.

Sage, Mrs. Russell, contributions to suff. work, 183, 191.

St. Louis, entertains Jubilee Conv. of Natl. Suff. Assn, 552; report fills 322 pages.

Salmon, Prof. Lucy M, college women's debt to suff. pioneers, address at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 168-9; 663.

Sanders, M. J, shows need of wom. suff, 70.

Sanford, Prof. Maria L, 617; 669.

Sargent, U. S. Sen. A. A, first to present Fed. Wom. Suff. Amend, 623.

Sargent, Ellen Clark (Mrs. A. A.), 137; entertains suff. leaders, 150; 180; 208; memorial, 328.

Sargent, Mrs. James, 204.

Savage, Bessie J, 264.

Savage, Clara, 442.

Schall, U. S. Rep. Thomas D. (Minn.), 548.

Schauss, Elizabeth, shows working women's need of suff, 302.

Schneiderman, Rose, 286; no chivalry to working women, 409; 519.

Schoff, Mrs. Frederick, 135.

Schools for citizenship, under League of Women Voters, 688, 690, 698-9.

Schwimmer, Rosika (Hungary), brings petition for peace to Pres. Wilson and says wom. suff. would do away with war, 410; at Miss. Valley Conf, 669.

Scott, Mrs. Francis M, 679.

Scott, Prof. John A, invites suff. conv. to visit Northwestern Univ, 208.

Scott, Mrs. Townsend, 585.

Scott, Mrs. William Force, 391.

Seattle, entertains natl. suff. conv. of 1909, 243; receives vote of thanks, 257.

Semple, Patty Blackburn, tells of "indirect influence," 312.

Senate Committee on Woman Suffrage, 380; grants six hearings in 1913, names of com, 382-3.

Seneca Falls, has first Woman's Rights Conv, 213; 618.

Seton, Ernest Thompson, for wom. suff, 297.

Seton, Mrs. Ernest Thompson, 319; report of Art Publicity Com, 403; 442; arr. display of suff. posters, 532.

Severance, Caroline M, pioneer suff, 137; 208; 288.

Sewall, May Wright, 24; speaks for Peace and Arbitration, 67; for memorial bust of Miss Anthony, 201-2; founder Intl. Council of Women, 658.

Sexton, Minola Graham, 94.

Shafroth, U. S. Sen. John F, addresses natl. suff. conv, 45; answers Pres. Cleveland's anti-suff. article, 163; bef. Senate com. in 1910, men have usurped suff. rights, 297-8; arr. hearing for Dr. Shaw bef. House of Governors, 314; introd. Shafroth Suff. Amend, 415; answers misrepresentations on wom. suff. in Colo, 444; natl. suff. conv. thanks for assistance, 450; on suff. platform, 459; has conf. of Senators on wom, suff, 503; 700,000 copies Amend, speech circulated, 532; Mrs. Catt introd. to Senate com. as an "unfailing friend" of wom. suff; he declares it to be "simply another step in the evolution of govt," 545; tribute of chmn. Congressl. Com, 566; 571; speech for Fed. Suff. Amend, 633; 648.

Shafroth-Palmer National Woman Suffrage Amendment, full story of, 411-418, 422-424, 427; drawn up and submitted to lawyers and Senators, introd. by Sen. Shafroth and Rep. Palmer, 414-416; Official Bd. approves it, text of, 416; its merits presented to conv. by Mrs. Funk; refers to at hearing bef. Judic. Com; U. S. Sen. Bristow calls it a national initiative and referendum; Woman's Journal says it should have been submitted to Natl. Exec. Council, 416-418; strong protest at Miss. Valley Conf, 422; great dissatisfaction among suffs; Official Bd. stands by it; discussion at natl. conv; Miss Blackwell supports it, 422-3; will hasten day of Fed. Amend, 423; Mrs. Blatch objects, res. adopted, 423; effect on election of officers, 424; Mrs. Funk calls it natl. initiative; Congressl. Com. works for, 451; natl. suff. conv. 1915, rescinds last year's action; passes res. that Natl. Amer. Assn. will work only for old Fed. Amend; Dr. Shaw explains her action; end of Amend, 452-3; letters on it in Woman's Journal, 747-750.

Shaw, Dr. Anna Howard, at natl. conv. in 1901, would rather starve than give up wom. suff, 7; on chivalry, scores "antis," 8; appeal against "regulated" vice, 11; 12; 20; welcomes intl. suff. conf, 26; at Balto. conv, 35; on Miss Anthony's birthday, 40; speech on Power of an Incentive, 45; addresses Senate com. and urges Cong. to investigate practical working of wom. suff, 49; at natl. suff. conv. in New Orleans, 57; responds to greetings, tribute to southern women, 58; preaches Sunday sermon, 69; presides at meetings, 70-1; tribute to Mrs. Stanton, Miss Anthony and Lucy Stone, 74; lively answers to question box, 74; on The Modern Democratic Ideal, 81; on Fate of Republics, 85; at natl. conv. of 1904, 86; prepares Decl. of Principles; dele, to Berlin conf; makes southern tour, 87; optimistic view of wom. suff, 89; 98; on hymn, America, 106; elected pres. of Natl. Assn; Mrs. Catt presents, tribute of Washtn, Star, 108; speaks on Woman without a Country, 109; recep. en route to Portland conv, 118; presides at conv, Ore. Hist. Society presents gavel, 120; gives first written address, pen picture of, 123; pays tribute to Sacajawea, 124; extols work of suffs, 125; answers criticisms of Cardinal Gibbons and ex-Pres. Cleveland, 125; describes great "dreamers" of the past, 126; chmn. of suff. com. of Intl. Council of Women, 127; 130; 135; 140; on Ore. suff. campn, 149; cordial recep. in Calif, 150; opens natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 152; responds to greetings, says people must help God to answer their prayers, 153; replies to Gov. Warfield, time women ceased to be proxy voters, 153-4; introd. Mrs. Howe and Miss Barton, 154; gives written address, hearers protest, 156; criticises Pres. Roosevelt's statement that women in industry decreases marriage, 157; that woman's domain is home, 158; has fun with the "oracles," Cardinal Gibbons, ex-Pres. Cleveland and Dr. Lyman Abbott, 157-8; women need self-respect; scores Legislatures, loss to country by women's disfranchisement, 159; great injustice from time of Civil War; when will Pres. and Cong. act, 160; would continue proxy votes at convs, 161; asks for women on Natl. Divorce Commissn, 164; guests of Miss Garrett at Balto. conv, 167; conducts Sunday services, 179; 184; closes conv. with appeal for consecrated work, 187; presides at Senate hearing, 188; Miss Anthony places the work in her charge, 191; presides over natl. suff. conv. of '07, 194; president's address, rejoices over victories; never will be orgztn. of Tories; farewell tribute to Miss Anthony and her sister, 200, 204; on mem. fund com, 202; tribute to suff. pioneers, 204; addresses Chicago Univ. girls, 206; reads last message of Mary Anthony, 207; closes conv. with hopeful words, 212; presides at natl, conv. of 1908, flowers presented, comment on teachers, 214; sends suff. assn's. greetings to Natl. W. C. T. U, 215; president's address on revolution of the pioneers; tribute of Buffalo Express, 216; opens coll. evening, 226; Mrs. George Howard Lewis gives luncheon at 20th Century Club, 230; presides at Sunday service, personal notice, believes in dignity of labor, 230; women work but do not receive wages, 232; tells of parade in London, 233; rec. first salary as Pres, 235; rec. Mrs. Lewis's gift to Natl. Assn, 236; sympathy with Brit, "militants," 238; eloquent peroration, 242; at St. Paul, 244; presented with gavel at Spokane, says blow for wom. suff. will be struck on Pacific coast, 244; opens suff. conv. at Seattle, pays tribute to Mrs. Catt, 246-7; is member of Grange, 247; 249; no stenographic report of speeches, 252; "question box," 257; 258; Sunday services, 260; thanks Miss Gordon, compliments Gov. Vessey, 261; does not know politics, 262; 263; closing speech, 264; at Expos, on suff. day, 264; opens natl. conv. of 1910, 266; presiding when Pres. Taft makes address of welcome, distressed at apparent hissing, expresses regret in the conv, sends letter to the President in name of Official Bd, 269, 272-3; tributes to Mr. Blackwell and Mr. Garrison, 280; re-elected pres, 282; presides at Sunday meeting, 289; closes conv. 290; presides at Senate hearing, tells of great petit, says democracy never has been tried; introd. speakers; scores women "antis"; begs for a report, 291-299; opens natl. conv. in Louisville, 311; gives $3,000 from unknown contrib, 315; president's address; tribute to men of Wash, and Calif, 317; guest of honor Coll. Women's Suff. League, 319; presides at Sunday afternoon meeting, introd. noted speakers, 321; re-elected, 324; closing address, "eloquent with hope," 331; "citizen of the world," 334; large fund for campns. received from Mrs. Quincy A. Shaw, 337; president's address, "American women are ruled by the men of every country in the world," 338; sends congrat. of Natl. Assn. to Governors of States with suff. victories, who respond, 341; presides at great Sunday meeting in Phila, 343; 345; at Senate hearing, 1912, 347; begs the com. to bring a Fed. Suff. Amend, bef. the Senate and to appoint a com. to investigate its working in equal suff. States, 353; speaks in 13 States and 5 countries of Europe in 1913, 367; president's address at natl. conv; has heard objections against wom. suff. but no reasons; women too emotional; compares last Pres. conv. in Balto. with natl. convs. of women, 370-1; criticizes Pres. Wilson for ignoring wom. suff. in his first message, 373-4; recd. by him and presents case for suffs, 375; appoints Alice Paul head of Congressl. Com, 378; closes conv, 382; presides at hearing for a Wom. Suff. Com, 384; 387; says suffs. would not ask partisan com, 388; business of the Govt. to protect women in their right to vote, 391; presides at natl. conv. in Nashville, presented with gavel from tree planted by Andrew Jackson, 398; pays tribute to southern women, calls on southern men to give them the ballot, 399; conv. passes res. of appreciation for her "splendid services" of past year and willingness to stand for re-election, 400; president's address, divine right of Kings soon obsolete; with wom. suff. war could be averted, 402; asks Pres. Wilson to proclaim Women's Independence Day, 402; uses her campn. fund, her long itinerary, 404; rec. testimonial from organizers, 406; tribute to people of Nashville, 409; agrees to Shafroth-Palmer Amend, 422; re-elected, 1914, 424; sits on Speaker's bench at opening of Cong; recd, by Pres. Wilson, asks him to use his influence for a Fed. Suff. Amend, and plank in Dem. natl. platform, 440; welcomes new workers, thanks God for old, 441; tribute of publicity chmn, 442; decides to retire from presidency, states reasons in _Woman's Journal_, 445; president's address, leading' feature of convs; outlines future work of assn, 445; shows need of loyalty and co-operation bet. officers and members; receives ovation, 446; shows Miss Anthony's pin from Wyoming women; conv. orders address printed, 447; compilation of her speeches made; speaks 30 times in N. J. campn, 447; 204 in N. Y, 457; addresses Coll. League, 450; attitude on Shafroth Amend, opposed but yields to Official Bd, thinks it was introd. too soon, 450-1; accepted presidency of Natl. Assn. in 1904 only because urged by Miss Anthony; compelled to give it up by other duties, wants Mrs. Catt for her successor, 455-6; votes for her and pays tribute, 457; natl. suff. conv. releases Dr. Shaw with beautiful ceremonies, elects her hon. pres. and friends present her with annuity, 457-8; she responds and introd. Mrs. Catt, 458; presides at mass meeting Sunday, 459-60; appreciation and thanks of Natl. Assn, 461; presides at Senate hearing, 462; takes up world questions and asks for woman's vote on them; tribute to com, 465-6; at House hearing asked to state diff. between Natl Suff. Assn. and Congressl. Union and does so, 471; urges no change in policy of Natl. Am. Assn, 487; stands for non partisanship, 490; responds to Pres. Wilson's address to natl. suff. conv, "women want suff, now," 498; presides over last evening session; closes address with a definition of Americanism and tribute to the flag, 511; reception with wives of Cabinet at suff. conv. 1917, 515; opens convention with invocation, 517; moves rising vote on pledge of war service to Govt, 518; appointed by Govt. as chmn. of Woman's Com. of Council of National Defense, 520; presides at evening session, 520; nominates Mrs. Catt for office, 522-3; condemns "picketing", 530; proposes message of loyalty and support to Pres. Wilson, which conv. sends, 533; speech on women and war, 534-6; women the army at home; must not make all the sacrifices; should be "smokeless" days; describes Woman's Com. of Natl. Defense, 536; speaks of injustice to Clara Barton; presents Mrs. Avery, 540; tribute to her oratory, 544; invocation at opening of natl. conv. 1919; presents Mrs. Catt, 553; southern dele. give illuminated testimonial and she responds, 554; moves a res. of thanks to Pres. Wilson, 558; 559; assistance to Congressl. Com, 567; at Pioneer's evening gives reminis. of Miss Anthony, 569-70; presides on last evening, 576; at last suff. hearing, 577; speech shows Govt's recognition of loyalty of Natl. Suff. Assn, 578; other countries recognize women's service by giving suff, 579; eminent supporters of Fed. Suff. Amend; to fail to ask it would be treason, 579; 581; opened natl. convs. with prayer 28 yrs, 596; tribute of Mrs. Shuler, memorial booklet by Natl. Bd; her last speech, What the War Meant to Women, 607; memorial service at natl. suff. conv, program, tribute of N. Y. Times, 611; Mrs. Catt's eulogy, beautiful comparison, 612; devotion to cause of wom. suff; nearest and dearest to Miss Anthony; great power of oratory, 612; work for her country; two college foundations estab. as memorials; her college degrees. Autobiography, Story of a Pioneer, 613; her tribute to Miss Anthony, 615; Pres. Wilson congratulates, 634; vice-pres. Coll. Equal Suff. League, 663; favors League of Women Voters, 685; appeals to Dem. natl. conv. in 1908, 704; in 1912, 707; 724; on women's attitude toward war, 725; Govt. appoints her chmn. Woman's Com. of Council of Natl. Defense, 726-7; her work, 737; telegram from Queen Mary, 738; tribute by Secy. of War Baker; receives distinguished service medal, 739; closes work of Woman's Com. but thinks it should be continued for civic work, 739; goes on speaking tour in behalf of League of Nations with former Pres. Taft and Pres. Lowell, 739; overworks and dies before it is finished, 740. Appendix, approves Anthony Mem. Bldg, 744, 754; address on resigning presidency of Natl. Amer. Assn; U. S. Govt. violates its own principles in refusing suff. to women, 750; assn. must not be swerved from its purpose, new recruits want spectacular methods, State action is the foundation, 751; on tour for League of Nations; nation mourns death, 757-8; tribute to Amer. flag; women traitors to democracy not to demand suff; receives disting. service medal; accepts it for service of all women; on Exec. Com. of League to Enforce Peace; it circulates her last speech, 758; "out of this war must come world peace; American flag means hope for the world; mothers will not endure war; will of the people must prevent it," 759; memorial of Natl. Suff. Bd; tributes of Pres. Wilson, Vice-pres. Marshall, former Pres. Taft, Director Grosvenor B. Clarkson, Secy. of the Interior Lane, Mrs. Henry Fawcett, Lady Aberdeen, Elizabeth C. Carter, Natl. and Intl. Assns, 760-1.

Shaw, Helen Adelaide, 36.

Shaw, Nicolas, 754.

Shaw, Mrs. Quincy A. (Pauline Agassiz), 202; gives fund for campn. work, 404.

Shaw, Mrs. Robert Gould, 442; contrib. to wom. suff, 542.

Shepherd, Lulu Loveland, 395.

Sheppard, U. S. Sen. Morris, speech for Fed. Amend, 572; votes for it, 627; 646.

Shetter, Charlotte, designs seal, 314.

Shibley, George H, 174.

Shores, Mrs. E. A, 317.

Shortt, Rev. J. Burgette, 136.

Shuler, Marjorie, natl. chmn. of Publicity, in Fla, 556; in Okla. campn, 558; on Congressl. Com, 566; report of Washtn. suff. press bureau, 573; on Congressl. Com, 604; on commissn. to West, 605-6; same, 650; welcomed in Washtn, 652.

Shuler, Nettie Rogers, pres. Western New York Fed. of Wom. Clubs, welcomes natl. conv, 214; elected natl. cor. secy, 501; 527; report for 1917; tells of universal demonstrations for Fed. Amend, vast distrib. of literature, suff. schools, work of 225 organizers instructed by Mrs. Catt, 538-9; work for Pres. suff, 539; re-elected, 541; campns. in western States, 550; valuable report for Com. of Campaigns and Surveys, 554-558; in campn. States, 556; 562; 568; 570; chapter for Hist, on League of Women Voters, 595, 683; sends letter of thanks to Governors for Natl. Assn, 600; report for 1919, most important year in history of assn, 601-608; lines of work indexed under respective heads; great "drive" for ratif; of Fed. Amend. from natl. headqrs, under Mrs. Catt's direction, 604-607; renders homage to her, 608; tribute to Natl. Suff. Assn, 607; chmn. Citizenship Schools Com, 690; at Natl. Repub. Conv, 716; 724; helps revise constn. of Natl. Assn, 756.

Siewers, Dr. Sarah M, 71.

Simkovitch, Mary M. K, 705.

Simpson, Mrs. David, 511.

Sims, U. S. Rep. Thetus W. (Tenn.), 637.

Sioussat, Mrs. Albert L, 152.

Skinner. Mrs. Otis, 333.

Slade, Mrs. Louis F, women's war service in N. Y, 533; offers res. for women on Red Cross War Council, 539-40; New York's apology for U. S. Sen. Wadsworth, 610; 689.

Smith, Gov. Alfred E. (N. Y.), calls spec, session to ratify Fed. Suff. Amend, 650; welcomes Mrs. Catt from Tenn. campn, 652.

Smith, Caroline M, 317.

Smith, Charles Sprague, 280.

Smith, Mrs. Draper, tells of defeat in Neb, 402; campn. work, 420; 444.

Smith, U. S. Sen. Ellison D, 713.

Smith, Ethel M, estab. natl. speakers' bureau, 419; work on Congressl. Com, 448; report on Indust. Protect. of Women, 520; chmn. of publicity, 526, 528; report on Protect. of Women in Government service, 728.

Smith, U. S. Sen. Hoke, 645.

Smith, Judith W, 137; 208; 501.

Smith, Dr. Julia Holmes, 617.

Smith, Mrs. Thomas Jefferson, speaks at natl. conv, 490; elected to Natl. Bd, 501; 724.

Smithsonian Institution, gives space for suff. exhibit; list of articles including historic table on which Call for first Woman's Rights Conv. was written; story of, 609.

Smoot, U. S. Sen. Reed, "glories in every victory for wom. suff," 546; speaks at Senate hearing, 633; for wom. suff. plank in Repub. platform, 711.

Smoot, Mrs. Reed, 382.

Snell, U. S. Rep. Bertrand H. (N. Y.), 548.

Snowden, Mrs. Philip, situation in Brit. Parl, defends "militancy," 236-238.

Social Evil, natl. suff. conv. protests against "regulated" vice in Manila, and Hawaii, 10; again; govt. "regulation" in Philippines stopped by War Dept, 44; conv. protests against it in Cincinnati, 67; protests against legal sanction, 146; calls for suppression of white slave traffic, 212; discussion of social evil, 224-226; position of Natl. Suff. Assn, 340; Miss Addams shows necessity for women to deal with, 343; Mrs. Catt demands polit. power in the hands of women to deal with, 346.

Socialist Party, for wom. suff, 206; the only one, 362; Rep. Berger at House hearing, 361-2; Natl. conv. declares for Fed. Suff. Amend, 480; statistics of vote in N. Y. suff. amend, campn, 537; did not carry N. Y, 580; "antis" say they did, 584; always advocate wom. suff, 702; plank in platform, 714.

Somerville, Nellie Nugent, natl. vice-pres, 425; 671.

South, members of Cong, vote for Fed. Suff. Amend, women work for it, xxii; attitude toward wom. suff, 88; see Chap. III; child labor laws, 95; resentment of southern women against attitude of southern members of Cong. on wom. suff, 188; Dr. Shaw pays tribute to the women, says it is duty of southern men to give them suff, 399; Jane Addams speaks of the men, 409; attitude of women toward suff, 463; want Fed. Suff. Amend, 473; at natl. suff. conv, speakers demand wom. suff, 490-3; position of members of Cong. on Fed. Suff. Amend, 516; press sentiment changes, 529; southern dele. to natl. suff. conv. present testimonials to Mrs. Catt and Dr. Shaw, 554; shall southern men stand in the way, 579; Mrs. Dudley says State's rights doctrine a fallacy; negro vote discussed, 580; many petitions for Fed. Suff. Amend, 583; from Texas, 588-9; from other southern States, 589-90; Natl. Assn. gives large assistance for wom. suff. but States fail in their part, 603; vote in Cong. for Fed. Suff. Amend, 637; same, 641-647.

South Africa, iii.

South Dakota, Natl. Assn. helps campns, 240; 254; 277; liquor interests in suff. campn. 1913, 420; in 1918, 557; gives worn, suff, 641.

South, Mrs. John G, on commissn. for ratif. to West, 605; 650.

South, Mrs. Oliver, 394.

Southworth, Louisa, 146; contrib. to suff. headqrs, 754.

Southern Woman Suffrage Conference, reason for, organization, officers, plan of campn, 671; Mrs. Belmont finances, headqrs, paper started, 673; with State's rights plank in Dem. natl. platform conf. is discontinued, 673.

Spargo, John, at suff. hearing, 548.

Spencer, Rev. Anna Garlin, conv. sermon in 1902, 43; Felix Adler's tribute, 95; conv. sermon in 1908, 214; first woman's rights conv. result of wave of idealism, 221; strong speech on social evil, 225.

Spencer, U. S. Sen. Selden P, speaks at suff. conv, 561.

Sperry, Mary S, birthday gift to Miss Anthony in 1902, 40; entertains suff. leaders, 150; pres. Calif, suff. assn, responds to greetings, 1907, 194; elected to Natl. Bd, 204; 238; responds to greetings at Portland conv, 347; 249; at Louisville conv, 317; signs appeal to natl. Repub. conv, 1904, 704.

Spofford, Jane H, 13; 45; mem. res. for, 180.

Spokane, entertains dele. to natl. suff. conv, 244-246.

Springer, Elmina, 130.

Stanford, Mrs. Leland, mem. res. for, 146.

Stanley, U. S. Sen. A. O, 713.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, work for Hist, of Wom. Suff, iii; pres. natl. suff. assn, 1; 13; letter on Church and Wom. Suff, 4, 5; Clara Barton's tribute, 25; had first idea of intl. suff. conf, 26; on Educated Suff, 32; last address to natl. suff. conv, 33; 45; tributes of Miss Anthony and Dr. Shaw, 74; early fight for wom. suff, 121; tributes from college women at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 169-173; for admission of women to Cornell Univ, 169; 185; 213; on first Wom. Rights Conv, 1848, 215; signs Call for it, 219; at early wom. suff. hearings, 306; writes Women's Decl. of Rights, 1876, 333; bef. House Judic. Com, 428; address to Cong. in 1866, 521; mem. evening at natl. suff. conv, 569; at suff. hearings, 581; calls first woman's rights conv. and first after Civil War, 1866, prepares Memorial to Cong. 618; at first suff. conv. in Washtn, 621; deserts Amer. Equal Rights Assn, forms Natl. Suff. Assn, made pres, 621-2; address at funeral by the Rev. Moncure D. Conway; farewell words by women ministers; Miss Anthony's last birthday letter to; extended tributes in the press, 741-3.

Stapler, Martha, prepares Wom. Suff. Year Book, 332.

Statehood Protest, Natl. Suff. Assn. heads protest against bill for admitting new Territories classing women with insane, idiots and felons, 129, 130.

State's Rights, this argument against wom. suff. demolished by history of Dem. party; a continuous record of Fed. control, 430-432; all nations but U. S. regard suff. as a natl. matter, 431; fallacy shown in vote for Fed. Prohib. Amend, 449; vote for this Amend, 537; a "phantom" in South, 580; Repub. natl. conv. declares for, 711; most men in U. S. recd. suff. from Govt, not States, 745-6.

States, six more grant wom. suff, 708-9, 715.

Stearns, Sarah Burger, 146.

Steele, Mrs. W. D, 553.

Steinem, Pauline, 187-8; educatl. suff. work, 224; 260; women neglected in histories, 263; chmn. Com. on Education, 286; valuable work, 320.

Stern, Meta L, 280.

Stevens, Isaac N, 103.

Stevenson, U. S. Sen. Isaac, 320.

Stevenson, Dr. Sarah Hackett, 280.

Stewart, Ella S, reviews clergy's objection to wom. suff, 138; scores ex-Pres. Cleveland and Dr. Abbott, ridicules so-called chivalry, 166; at Congressl. hearing, 189; welcomes natl. conv. to Chicago, 194; 220-1; elected natl. vice-pres, 238; 260; witty remarks, 261-2; 265; re-elected, 282; 289; 324; at Senate hearing, 349; work for Pres. suff. in Ills, 370; at House hearing, 395; org. Miss. Valley Conf, 667-8.

Stewart, Oliver W, 199.

Stiles, Florence, 450.

Stilwell, Mrs. Horace C, director Natl. Assn, 541; assists Congressl. Com, 567.

Stockman, Eleanor C, 76.

Stockwell, Maud C. (Mrs. S. A.), welcomes natl. suff. conv. to Minneapolis, 8; meets dele, to Seattle conv, 244; 249; 668.

Stockwell, S. A, 244.

Stolle, Antonie, 40-1.

Stone, Rev. John Timothy, D. D, officiates at mem. service for Dr. Shaw, 611.

Stone, Lucinda H, 656.

Stone, Lucy, 1; marriage, 12, 33; Dr. Shaw's tribute, 74; great leader, 107; 148; Mrs. Howe tells of, 155; 185; tributes from college women at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 160-172; for admis. of women to Cornell Univ, 169; 194; days at Oberlin Coll, 220; tribute of Mrs. Villard, 261; of Mrs. McCulloch, 278; 279; visit to Ky. in early '50's, 311; natl. suff. conv. passes res. of indebtedness, 569; 622; 664.

Stone, Melville E, for wom. suff, 296.

Stone, Collector of Port William F, welcomes natl. suff. conv, 154.

Stone, U. S. Sen. William J, for wom. suff. plank in Dem. natl. platform, 713.

Stoner, Mrs. Wesley Martin, 672.

Stowe-Gullen, Dr. Augusta (Canada), 27; 72.

Strachan, Grace C, 290.

Straight, Dorothy Whitney, contrib. to N. Y. campn, 519.

Strong, Dr. Josiah, 258.

Stubbs, Gov. W. R. (Kans.), greetings to natl. suff. conv, 341.

Stubbs, Mrs. W. R, 328.

Suffrage Schools, originated by Mrs. Catt, 538; large number in 1917, 539; Natl. Amer. Assn. endorses, 368; in S. Dak, 556-7.

Sun, N. Y, suff. dept. under Paul Dana, 14.

Susan B. Anthony Amendment, 413; Natl. Assn. endorses; Stanton family and others object to name, 423; assn. re-endorses, 452; 747.

Sutherland, U. S. Sen. George, 383; at Senate hearing, 462, 466; objects to attack on Mormons in anti-suff. speech, 467-8; introd. res. for Fed. Suff. Amend, 503; 630; 711.

Sutton, Lucy, 666.

Swanson, U. S. Sen. Claude A, 645.

Sweden, legal and polit. status of women, 51; 213.

Swift, Mary Wood, birthday gift to Miss Anthony, 1902, 40; speaks at natl. suff. conv. in New Orleans, 76; pres. Natl. Council of Women; brings its greetings to natl. conv. 1904, 106; bef. Senate com, 110; brings greetings in 1905, 120; 130; entertains suff. leaders, 150; greetings, 1907, 208.

T

Taft, Gov. Genl. William Howard, on social evil in Philippines, 11; same, 44.

Taft, President William Howard, accepts invitation to welcome natl. suff. conv; while speaking sound like hissing heard; Dr. Shaw's distress, 269; text of speech, 271; officers of Natl. Assn. frame a res. of appreciation of his welcome to conv, which delegates endorse and send with letter expressing sorrow at the incident; the President returns a cordial answer, 272-3; Woman's Journal says he should have welcomed conv. without declaring his opinions, 273; peace treaties, 326, 328; appoints Miss Lathrop head of Children's Bureau, 339; says Fed. Constn. guarantees self-govt, 359; 495; nominated in 1912, 705; not ready for wom. suff, 708; Dr. Shaw joins on speaking tour for League of Nations, 739, 757; his tribute to her, 760.

Taggart, U. S. Rep. Joseph (Kans.), at House hearing, scores Congressl. Union, 474; quizzes "antis", 477.

Talbot, Dean Marion, 206.

Talbot, Mrs. M. C, 467.

Talbot, Mrs. R. C, 391.

Talmage, Rev. T. De Witt, for wom. suff, 23.

Tarbell, Ida M, 736.

Tarkington, Booth, for worn, suff, 297.

Tasmania, 28.

Taylor, A. S. G, 340.

Taylor, U. S. Rep. Edward T, presents record of wom. suff. in Colo, calls it unqualified success, women back of 150 good laws, valuable campn. document, 355, 357, 373; natl. suff. conv. thanks for assistance, 450-1; Congressl. Union tries to defeat, 474; introd. Fed. Suff. Amend, 1917, 524; for Wom. Suff. Com, 548; same, 628-9.

Taylor, U. S. Rep. Ezra B. (Ohio), 99.

Taylor, Graham Romeyn, 209; 296.

Taylor, Dr. Howard S, 197.

Ten Eyck, John C, 391.

Tennessee, grants Pres. and Munic. suff. to women, 602; Legis. gives final ratif. of Fed. Suff. Amend, 652; Speaker and opposing members carry case to Washtn, 653.

Terrell, Mary Church, pleads for negroes, 105.

Terry, Mrs. D. D, 316.

Testimony in favor of wom. suff. from Governors, 87; from Colo, 100-105, 112-115, 127.

Texas, officials invite natl. suff. conv, 540; prominent citizens petition for Fed. Suff. Amend; Legis. gives Primary suff. to women, 588-9; defeats St. wom. suff. amend; court declares Primary suff. legal, 602.

Thaw, Mrs. William, Jr, 542.

Thomas, U. S. Sen. Charles S, friendly chmn. of Senate Com. on Wom. Suff, 380; his re-election opposed by Congressl. Union, 453; presides at Senate com. hearing; Dr. Shaw's tribute, 462; Mrs. Catt's, 465; refuses to preside at Congressl. Union hearing, 466; re-elected, 476; reports Fed. Suff. Amend, from com, 503; effort for a vote, 504; "never failing friend of wom. suff," urges Fed. Amend, 546; 626; 630; 632.

Thomas, Pres. M. Carey of Bryn Mawr, arr. College Women's evening at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, 152, 167; her own strong speech, shows increase of women in colleges, their inevitable demand for suff, their gratitude to early leaders, 171-2; splendid tribute to Miss Anthony, 172; conv. sends letter of thanks, 180; assists Miss Garrett in hospitality, 182; with Miss Garrett raises large fund for suff. work, 183; declares in intellect no sex; elected pres. Natl. Coll. Wom. Equal Suff. League, 229; 230; 233; 283; 316; presides over Coll. League, 319; says coll. women's work for social reconstruction amounts to little without franchise, 321; 338; presides at college women's evening at natl. conv. 1912, 343; same, 1915, 450; presents Dr. Shaw with laurel wreath, 457; on com. to confer with Red Cross War Council, 540; speaks for Fed. Suff. Amend, 630; work for Coll. League, contrib. to, 661-664; invites Dr. Shaw for trip to Spain, 757.

Thomas, Mary Bentley, 67; 87; 180; 188; 666.

Thompson, Ellen Powell, 106; 204.

Thompson, Harriet Stokes, appeals to House com. for working girls, future mothers of the race and teachers who train citizens, 472.

Thompson, Jane, field secy, presents testimonial of organizers to Dr. Shaw, 406.

Thompson, Dr. Mary H, 120.

Thompson, U. S. Sen. William Howard, bef. Senate com, tells beneficent results of wom. suff. in Kans, 546, 548; 630; 633; 638.

Tiffany, Mrs. Charles L, 450; in N. Y. campn, 519; 564; report on Oversea Hospitals, 560, 568, 614; work for Hospitals, 732.

Tillinghast, Anna C, 556.

Tinnin, Glenna, 441.

Todd, Helen, motor suff. trip, 367; bef. Com. on Rules, 394; bef. House com, 473; heated dialogue, 475; at Repub. Natl. Conv, 705.

Tone, Mrs. F. J, in N. Y. campn, 519.

Tours, pilgrimages to Washtn, 378; the "golden flier," motor suff. trip from New York to San Francisco, 481.

Towle, Mary Rutter, report as legal adviser to assn, 338, 372, 442.

Treadwell, Harriet Taylor, at Anthony celebr, 615.

Troupe, Hattie Hull, 152.

Trout, Grace Wilbur, work for Pres. suff. in Ills, 370; on limited suff, 495; 561; chmn. com. of arr. for natl. suff. conv, 595; welcomes dele, 597; at Repub. natl. conv, 710.

Trumbull, Lillie R, 120.

Tucker, Mrs. James, 381.

Tumulty, Joseph P, 515.

Turner, Robert, of Mass. Anti-Suff. Assn, 479.

Twain, Mark, for wom. suff, 297.

U

Ueland, Mrs. Andreas, bef. House com. 473; 568; arr. Miss. Valley Conf, 669-70; 689.

Underhill, Charles L, 391.

Underwood, U. S. Rep. Oscar (Ala.), 397; as U. S. Senator, 628; 640; 645.

United Mine Workers of America, 249.

United States Elections Bill to permit women to vote for members of Cong, 504, 659; Natl. Suff. Assn. and Southern Women's Conf. favor, 660. See Federal Elections Bill.

Upton, Harriet Taylor, treas. report at natl. conv. of 1901, 12; 41; 44; accepts charge of suff. headqrs, 61; presents testimonials to the Misses Gordon, 84; 88; work as natl. treas, love for suff. cause, 94; tribute of Washtn. Post, 99; 129; report, 1005, 130; has interview with Pres. Roosevelt, 137; how to deal with newspapers, 175; 176; report for 1906, 183; bef. Senate com, 188; on Anthony mem. com, 202; report for 1907, 211; 212; interviews Pres. Roosevelt, 217; report for 1908; salaries paid for first time, 235; 244; 248; treas. report for 1909, where the money went, 252; 257; report for 1910; legacies recd, work as treas. for 17 yrs; ed. of Progress 7 yrs; conv. thanks, 276-7; re-elected, resigns, 282; bef. House com, urges that the mother heart and home element be expressed in Govt, 303; 315; on Congressl. Com, 319; 346; bef. House com, 395; 402; 444; on limited suff, 495; 516; 561; speaks at Anthony celebr, 615; in Tenn. ratif. campn, 652; 669; res. against U. S. Sen. Wadsworth, 692; at Repub. natl. conv, 1904, 703-4; 754; elected director of Natl. Amer. Assn, 756.

U'Ren, W. S, father of Initiative and Referendum, 136.

V

Valentine, Lila Meade, pres. Va. suff. assn, 288; speaks to House of Governors, 367; asks suff. for development of woman and the race, 492-3; on Congressl. Com, 506; 568.

Vanderlip, Frank A, on recep. com. for natl. suff. conv, 515.

Van Klenze, Camilla, 333.

Van Rensselaer, Prof. Martha (Cornell), Financing the War, 533.

Van Sant, Gov. Samuel R. (Minn.), 7.

Van Winkle, Mina, 444; 456.

Van Wyck, Mayor Robert A. (New York), women without a vote waste time appealing to legislators, 307.

Varney, Rev. Mecca Marie, 203.

Vermont, struggle for ratif. of Fed. Amend, 651, 653.

Vernon, Mabel, bef. House com, 473; 549.

Vessey, Gov. Robert S. (S. Dak.), 261.

Victoria (Australia), gives women State vote, 243.

Victory Convention of National American Woman Suffrage Association in Chicago to celebr. end of its work; Call, 594; largest ever held, 595; list of frat. dele, 506; festivities, 610.

Villard, Fanny Garrison (Mrs. Henry), 40; on Anthony Fund Com, 202; 220-1; at natl. suff. conv, 1908, 220; at St. Paul, recalls visit with her husband when N.P. R.R. was completed, 244; same at Spokane, 245; at Seattle, his devotion to wom. suff. and education, 251; she appeals for wom. suff, 251; tribute to Lucy Stone, 261; 263; mem. tribute to Mr. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 277; by Dr. Shaw's side when she resigns natl. presidency, 457.

Villard, Henry, 244-5; 251.

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 37-8.

Vincent, Dr. George E, declares for wom. suff, 670.

Volunteer League, eminent officers, 442.

Von Suttner, Baroness Bertha, plea for peace of world and wom. suff. as necessary factor, 345-6.

Vorce, Mrs. Myron, 402; 570.

W

Wadsworth, U. S. Sen. James W, 560; refuses to represent his State on Fed. Suff. Amend, 598; 645; censured by Natl. League of Women Voters, 692; opp. wom. suff. plank, 1916, 711.

Wadsworth, Mrs. James W, re-elected pres. Natl. Anti-Suff. Assn; during natl. suff. conv. issues circular in Washtn. saying suffs. are pacifists and Socialists and the N. Y. victory was due to latter; Mary Garrett Hay answers, 536-7; at Senate com. hearing, 548; calls suffs. pro-Germans and "slackers," 560; at last suff. hearing, 577; introd. her "staff", 584; scores members of Cong. who favor Fed. Suff. Amend, 585; 592; 679; Mrs. Catt resents her attacks during the war, refers to her father, John Hay, 736-7.

Wainwright, Mrs. Richard, bef. coms. of Cong, 547, 549, 585; 675.

Waite, Judge Charles B, 280; 656.

Wald, Lillian D, 705.

Waldo, Clara H, 120.

Walker, Elizabeth Wheeler, 525; 567; 607.

Walker, Dr. Mary, 438.

Walker, Speaker Seth (Tenn.), opp. Fed. Amend, 653; goes to Washtn. and Conn, to prevent, 682.

Wallace, Zerelda G, suff. petit. scorned, 297.

Walsh, U. S. Sen. David I, for Fed. Suff. Amend, 548; voted for it, 641.

Walsh, U. S. Sen. Thomas J, bef. Senate com, "duty of Govt. to see that every citizen is assured of fundamental right of suff"; speech widely circulated, 547; same, 633; 645; for wom. suff. plank in Dem. platform, 713.

Ward, Lester F, on development of sexes, 92.

Ward, Lydia Avery Coonley, 42; 185.

Warfield, Gov. Edwin (Md.), welcomes natl. suff. conv, pays tribute to suffs, 153; later sends letter of appreciation, 180; 182.

Warner, Mrs. Leslie, speaks at natl. suff. conv, 568.

Warren, Ohio, natl. suff. headqrs, removed to, 61, 93.

War Service of Women in Europe, natl. conv. devotes evening to it, speakers from various countries, 544; of suffs. in the Civil War, 618.

War Work of Organized Suffragists, vi, xxii; in Canada, 400; 410; in U. S, officers of suff. assns. in service; Mrs. Catt urges necessity for war work, 517; Exec. Council of Natl. Assn. pledges loyalty and service to the Govt, 518; four depts. of work, 520; war work of suffs. reviewed by Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick; "Dr. Shaw's appt. as chmn. of Woman's Com. of Council of National Defense has made cooperation with Govt. closer", 520; Natl. Assn. plans more depts. of war work, reaffirms loyalty to Govt and support of its war measures, 543; all officers of Natl. Assn. in service, 555; Oversea Hospitals, 558, 568; mass meeting in Washtn, 564; reports of War Coms, 1918, Mrs. McCormick's chapter on, refutes charges of "antis", 560; 574; Natl. Assn. first organized body of women to offer services to Govt; President accepts and calls upon suff. leaders to cooperate, 578; patriotism where women vote, 579; see Chap. XXIV, 720; Mrs. Catt calls Exec. Council of Natl. Assn. to Washtn, 720; board of officers submits plan for aiding the Govt, which is discussed and adopted, 722; depts. of work, 723; mass meeting held and plan sent to Pres. Wilson by Secy. of War Baker; he expresses approval and assn. begins its work, 724-5; Dr. Shaw, its hon. pres, appt. by Council of Natl. Defense chmn. of Woman's Com, which is named, 726-7; assn. makes Mrs. McCormick genl. chmn. of its War Service Dept, reports of heads to natl. suff. conv. of 1917, 727-730; to conv. of 1919, 730-732; report of Oversea Hospitals, 732-734; to conv. of 1920, 734-5; women's war work in N. Y. obtains the suff. for them, 737; work of suits, on Woman's Com. of Council of Natl. Defense, 737; its work ended, Secy. Baker's tribute, 739; heroic record, 740.

Washington City, entertains natl. suff. conv. of 1904, 86; of 1910, 266; of 1913, 364; of 1915, 439; of 1917, under war conditions, 513; distinguished recep. com, 515.

Washington, State, wom. suff. amend, carried, xx; how women were disfranchised when Territory, 257; adopts constitl. amend, for wom. suff, 310; Dr. Shaw's comment; reports from State officers, 317; natl. conv. sends greetings, 328; 625.

Waterman, Julia T, opp. wom. suff, 363.

Watson, Elizabeth Lowe, tells of Calif. victory, 317.

Watson, U. S. Sen. James E, chmn. Senate Wom. Suff. Com, 645-6; at Natl. Repub. Conv. 1920, 717.

Watson-Lister, Mrs. A, tells of wom. suff. in Australia, 91, 111.

Watterson, Col. Henry, 329.

Way, Amanda, 132.

Weaver, Ida M, 52.

Webb, U. S. Rep. Edwin Y. (N. C.), 307; 434; chmn. Judic. Com, 469; tells suffs. they should not come "bothering" Congress, 472; says there will be no wom. suff. plank in Dem. platform, 476; tries to prevent Wom. Suff. Com, 525; suppresses report on Fed. Amend, 504; unfair treatment of res, 631, 633, 635.

Webster, Jean, for wom. suff, 297.

Weeks, Anna O, 373.

Welch, Prof. Lillian, 663.

Weld, Louis D. (Swift and Co.), addresses League of Women Voters, 695.

Wells, Mrs. James B, 476; amuses House com, 478.

Wentworth, Jennie Wells, 404.

West, Gov. Oswald (Ore.), greetings to natl. suff. conv, 341.

Wester, Catharine J, 395.

Western New York Federation of Women's Clubs, first to admit suff. societies, 214.

Wetmore, Maude, 726.

Wheat, Fannie J, vase to Miss Anthony, 13.

Wheeler, Everett P, bef. Com. on Rules, 391; 438; at last suff. hearing, 583; brings suit against Fed. Suff. Amend, 654; org. Men's Anti-Suff. Assns. in N. Y, Tenn, and Maryland, conducts cases in court, 680-682.

White, Armenia S, 137; 208.

White, Natl. Dem. Chmn. George, Mrs. Catt thanks in name of Natl. Amer. Suff. Assn. for his own and party's support of Fed. Suff. Amend, 648.

White, Mrs. George P, 467.

White, Mrs. Henry, 437.

White, Mary Ogden, 528; report on natl. publicity, returns reach millions of words; instances given, 530; work on Woman Citizen, 571; 614.

White, Nettie Lovisa, 40; 67; secures names to Fed. Amend, petition, 275; 341.

White, Ruth, 506; natl. exec, secy, 525; resigns, 566.

Whitehouse, Norman deR, 458.

Whitehouse, Mrs. Norman deR, interviews Pres. candidate Hughes, 507; on N. Y. campn, 519.

Whitney, Charlotte Anita, tells of Coll. Women's League in Calif, campn, 319; elected natl. vice-pres, 342; work in Calif, 662.

Whitney, Mrs. Henry M, 678.

Whitney, Rosalie Loew, at last suff. hearing, 578, 580.

Wickersham, George W, 680; 682.

Wilbur, Henry, 284.

Wildman, John K, 146.

Wiley, Dr. Harvey W, address at natl. suff. conv, 1911, 322-3.

Wilkes, Rev. Eliza Tupper, 140.

Willard, Mabel Caldwell, at natl. suff. headqrs, 526; work in Del, 556-7; 604.

Willcox, William R, chmn. Repub. Natl. Com, 636.

Williams, Charl, 652.

Williams, Fannie Barrier, offers tribute of colored people to Miss Anthony, 203.

Williams, Jesse Lynch, 340.

Williams, U. S. Sen. John Sharp, 640; 713.

Williams, Mrs. Richard, 108; 214.

Williams, Sylvanie, addresses Miss Anthony, 60.

Willis, Gwendolen Brown, 668.

Willis, Sarah L, 209.

Wills, M. Frances, 317.

Wilson, Agnes Hart, 515.

Wilson, Mrs. Benjamin F, entertains natl. suff. conv. 410.

Wilson, Mrs. Halsey W, instructs suff. schools, 539; elected natl. rec. secy, 541; 556; 570; at ratif. banquet, 610; 689.

Wilson, Margaret, on hon. com. for natl. suff. conv, 440; showers Dr. Shaw with flowers, sits on suff. platform, 459; at suff. meeting in Washtn, 724.

Wilson, Gov. Woodrow (N. J.), approves of School suff. for women, 320.

Wilson, Pres. Woodrow, converted to wom. suff, xxi; first delegation recd. is a group of suffs; they quote from his book The New Freedom, 374; urged by natl. suff. conv. to make Fed. Suff. Amend. administration measure and recommend it in his message; he pays no attention; Dr. Shaw and conv. resent; make appt. to call on him; he receives them, first President to do so, 373-4; Dr. Shaw presents their case, tells how Cong. has ignored them, asks him to send spec. message and recom. a Wom. Suff. Com. in Lower House; he answers that he cannot speak as an individual but only as directed by his party but he favors the Wom. Suff. Com; delegation pleased, 374-5; 378; asked to proclaim Women's Independence Day, 404; Miss Schwimmer brings petition for peace, 410; favors initiative and referendum, 417; Natl. Suff. Assn. commands effort for peace, 426; 434; with seven of his Cabinet declares for wom. suff; votes in N. J. for amend; receives natl. suff. conv; says he is thinking of suff. plank in Dem. platform, 440; natl. conv. expresses appreciation of his declaration for wom. suff, 461; it received more votes at last election than he did, 473; 475; 488-9; addresses natl. suff. conv. in 1916; scene in theater, 495-6; listens to other speakers; Mrs. Catt introduces; text of speech, 496; pictures the evolution of the Govt, says movement for wom. suff. has come with conquering power and will prevail; he has come to fight with its advocates and they will not quarrel as to method, 496-498; Dr. Shaw tells him women want it in his administration and he smiles and bows, 498-9; signs Natl. Child Labor Law "with pride and pleasure," 500; suff. leaders urge him to endorse Fed. Amend, but he declines, 507; sends congrat. to natl. suff. conv; has reached a belief in Fed. Amend, 520; calls extra session of Cong. asks for declaration of war, 523; says creation of Com. on Wom. Suff. would be very wise act, 524; "democracy a rule of action," 533; Dr. Shaw proposes message of loyalty and support which conv. sends, 533; chairmen of four minor parties petition for Fed. Suff. Amend, 548; sends best wishes for Fed. Amend, to natl. suff. conv; it returns appreciation of his support, 558; Dem. members call on him; he advises submission of Fed. Suff. Amend, 562; appeals to Senate in person, 563; makes second appeal, 564; accepts services of Natl. Suff. Assn. for war, 578; favors Fed. Amend, 579; anti-suffs. misuse his declaration on wom. suff, 580; members of House com. interview and he urges it, 583; sends best wishes to League of Women Voters, 599; natl. conv. expresses gratitude, 600; inaugurated, receives four deputns. for wom. suff, 626; favors it, 630; favors Wom. Suff. Com, 633; 634; declares for Fed. Suff. Amend, 635; Dem. women confer with, 639; appeals to Senate, 640; second appeal, 640; cables from Paris, 642-3; calls spec. session of Cong, 644; Mrs. Catt pays tribute for his support of Fed. Suff. Amend, 648; assists ratif. in Tenn; sends message to jubilee suff. meeting, 652; on wom. suff. in 1912 and 1915, 708; suggests wom. suff. plank in 1916, 713-14; explains it; does not disapprove Fed. Amend, 714; Natl. Amer. Wom. Suff. Assn. offers its services for war work, 722; he expresses appreciation, 725; women ask representn. at Peace Conf, 738; he pays tribute to Woman's Com. of Council of Natl. Defense, 739; Dr. Shaw answers his declaration that U. S. wants nothing material out of the war, 759; tribute to Dr. Shaw after her death, 760; with Mrs. Wilson sends sympathy and flowers, 760; address to U. S. Senate urging submission of Fed. Suff. Amend; "wom. suff. necessary to prosecution of the war and trust of other peoples," 761-763.

Winslow, Rose, 364; brings to natl. conv. res. for suff. of Natl. Wom. Trade Union League, 394.

Winsor, Mary, 319.

Wise, Rabbi Stephen S, 141.

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 185.

Woman Citizen, Woman's Journal and other papers merged in, 528; work for Fed. Amend, 556; acct. of Senate debate on Fed. Suff. Amend, 563; "service indispensable," 614; 698.

Woman Suffrage, status in 1901, 16.

Woman Suffrage Committee, gives five days' hearing on Fed. Suff. Amend, reports favorably, 562; again, 565.

Woman Suffrage Party, name widely adopted, 313.

Woman Suffrage Publishing Co, Natl, final report, printed and distrib. 50,000,000 pieces of literature, 614. See Ogden, Esther G.

Woman's Christian Temperance Union, State of Tasmania sends greetings to natl. suff. conv, 28; World's, endorses wom. suff, 205; action of States, 206; close cooperation with suff. assns, 215; 247; many references.

Woman's Committee of Council of National Defense, Govt. appoints Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, chairman, 520; she describes its duties, asks cooperation of Natl. Suff. Assn, 534-536; further acct, other members, 726-7; 730; great work, 737; its duties ended, Secy, of War Baker's tribute, 739.

Woman's Journal, 39; on natl. conv. in New Orleans, 55; 73; 79; 89; accounts of suff. conv. in Portland, 118-19; compliments to, 132; tribute to Miss Anthony, 134; comment on change of heart of Miss Anthony and Mr. Blackwell, 147; report on wom. suff. in Legislatures, 211; Miss Blackwell's work on, 260; account of expos, at Seattle and suff. day, 264; criticises Pres. Taft's speech to natl. suff. conv, 373; Mr. Blackwell's work on paper, 277; Miss Blackwell offers to make it offic. organ of Natl. Amer. Assn, which accepts, 289; descrip. of natl. suff. convs, 290; founder and editors, 311; first report under auspices of Natl. Amer. Assn, 315; high praise for Ky. women, 331; bound vols. at natl. suff. headqrs, 335; deficit under control of Natl. Assn, paid by Mrs. McCormick and paper returned to Miss Blackwell, 337; says Shafroth Amend, should have been submitted to Natl. Exec. Council but supports it, 415, 422; merged in Woman Citizen, 528; 667.

Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Foundation in Preventive Medicine, mem. to Dr. Shaw, 613.

Woman's Rights Convention, first, 16; 60th anniv. celebr, 213; Mrs. Stanton's and Miss Howland's descriptions, 215; program of meeting, 219.

Women's Trade Union League, Natl. res. for wom. suff, 394.

Wood, C. E. S, 135.

Wood, Harriette Johnson, 238.

Wood, Henry A. Wise, at last suff. hearing, "voting a man's job," 585.

Wood, U. S. Rep. William R. (Ind.), 548.

Woods, Dr. Frances, 20; 208.

Woodward, Mrs. C. S, 229.

Woolley, Rev. Celia Parker, 18; 20; 703.

Woolley, Pres. Mary E, at natl. suff. conv. in Balto, shows indebtedness of higher education of women to suff. leaders, tribute to Miss Anthony, plea for wom, suff, 168-9; 442; signs Call for Natl. Coll. Wom. Suff. League, 661; an officer, 663.

Woolsey, Kate Trimble, 239.

Working women, laws for, 95; need of vote, 97; 143; suff. movement needs, 165-6; their need of vote, injustice of Govt, 189; 209; their need of suff, 210; conditions in New York, 231; duty of women of leisure, 233; Congressl. suff. hearing devoted to, 301; 302; 304; Miss Lathrop says theirs would not be the ignorant vote, 345; their case presented at natl. suff. conv, 348, 350-2; 356; 357; 361; on natl. wom. suff. platform, 1913, the ballot and a square deal demanded, 364-5; their large orgztns. want suff, 392; laws for in equal suff. States, 393; they demand the vote, 394; no chivalry for, 409; 472; they only can reach working men, 519.

Works, U. S. Sen. John D, 339; 347.

Works, Mrs. John D, 383.

Wright, Carroll D, for wom. suff, 196.

Wright, Dr. George H, objects to Shafroth Amend, 747.

Wright, Martha C, in anti-slavery days, 203; calls first Wom. Rights Conv, 219.

Writers and editors, eminent list sign petit, for wom. suff, 296-7.

Wyoming, first to give wom. suff, 34; effect of, 52; 624.

Y

Yates, Elizabeth Upham, pres. R. I. assn, 288; report on Pres. suff, 325, 338; shows value of Pres. suff. already gained, 447; 539-40.

Yellowstone Park, delegates visit, 21.

Yost, Mrs. Ellis A, describes W. Va. suff. campn, 494.

Youmans, Mrs. Henry, at Anthony celebr, 615.

Young, Ella Flagg, 394; 515.

Young, Rose, describes Mrs. Catt's address to Cong, 521; report of Woman Citizen and Leslie Bureau of Educatn. in 1917; founded with Mrs. Frank Leslie fund under six depts, 527-8; 561; report in 1919, vast field of activity described, 570; in 1920, 614; arranges tableaux at last suff. conv, 617; 716.

Young, Virginia Durant, 35; 69; 204.

Younger, Maud, at Rules Com. hearing, 549; at Wom. Suff. Com. hearing, 585.

Z

Zakrzewska, Dr. Marie, 74.

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

The transcriber made the following changes to the text to correct obvious errors:

1. p. 98 February 15, **illegible text** Anthony's 84th birthday --> February 15, was Miss Anthony's 84th birthday 2. p. 102 applicaation --> application 3. p. 175 pertainng --> pertaining 4. p. 191 suffrange --> suffrage 5. p. 297 this chapter. --> this chapter.] 6. p. 415 we though --> we thought 7. p. 457 wth --> with 8. p. 457 triumpant --> triumphant 9. p. 668 Misissippi --> Mississippi 10. p. 717 Gellborn --> Gellhorn 11. p. 756 acordance --> accordance 12. p. 765 Punctuation in Index standardized 13. p. 790 Cingressl. --> Congressl. 14. p. 812 U'Rea --> U'Ren

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