The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section P and Q (part 5 of 5)

The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section P and Q (part 5 of 5)

Pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [F. prospÈritÈ, L. prosperitas. See Prosperous.] The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; as, commercial prosperity; national prosperity.

Now prosperity begins to mellow.

Shak.

Prosperities can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to lose them.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Prosperousness; thrift; weal; welfare; well being; happiness.

Pros"per*ous (&?;), a. [L. prosperus or prosper, originally, answering to hope; pro according to + the root of sperare to hope. See Despair.] 1. Tending to prosperity; favoring; favorable; helpful.

A happy passage and a prosperous wind.

Denham.

2. Being prospered; advancing in the pursuit of anything desirable; making gain, or increase; thriving; successful; as, a prosperous voyage; a prosperous undertaking; a prosperous man or nation.

By moderation either state to bear Prosperous or adverse.

Milton.

Syn. -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable; auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate.

-- Pros"per*ous*ly, adv. -- Pros"per*ous*ness, n.

||Pros"phy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; to + &?; to grow.] (Med.) ||A growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of the ||eyelids to each other or to the eyeball. Dunglison.

Pro*spi"cience (?), n. [L. prospicientia, fr. prospiciens, p. pr. of prospicere. See Prospect.] The act of looking forward.

Pros"tate (?), a.[Gr. &?; standing before, fr. &?; to set before; &?; before + &?; to set: cf. F. prostate.] (Anat.) Standing before; -- applied to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra. -- n. The prostate gland.

Pro*stat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prostate gland.

Prostatic catheter. (Med.) See under Catheter.

||Pros`ta*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Prostate, and -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the prostate.

Pros`ter*na"tion (?), n. [F. See Prostration.] Dejection; depression. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Pro*ster"num (?), n. [NL. See Pro- and Sternum.] (Zoˆl.) The ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.

||Pros"the*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; an addition, fr. &?; to put to, ||to add; &?; to + &?; to put, place.] 1. (Surg.) The addition to the ||human body of some artificial part, to replace one that is wanting, ||as a log or an eye; -- called also prothesis.

2. (Gram.) The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a word, as in beloved.

Pros*thet"ic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; disposed to add, &?; put on.] Of or pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.

Pros*tib"u*lous (?), a. [L. prostibulum prostitute.] Of or pertaining to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious. [Obs.] Bale.

Pros"ti*tute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prostituting.] [L. prostitutus, p. p. of prostituere to prostitute; pro before, forth + statuere to put, place. See Statute.] 1. To offer, as a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for hire. "Do not prostitute thy daughter." Lev. xix. 29.

2. To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or indiscriminate use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official powers. Milton.

Pros"ti*tute, a. [L. prostitutus, p. p.] Openly given up to lewdness; devoted to base or infamous purposes.

Made bold by want, and prostitute for bread.

Prior

Pros"ti*tute, n. [L. prostituta.] 1. A woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.

2. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous employments for hire.

No hireling she, no prostitute to praise.

Pope.

Pros`ti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. prostitutio: cf. F. prostitution.] 1. The act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.

2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous purposes what is in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities; the prostitution of the press. "Mental prostitution." Byron.

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Pros"ti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.] One who prostitutes; one who submits himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes. Bp. Hurd.

||Pro*sto"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Prostomia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + ||&?;, &?;, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) That portion of the head of an annelid ||situated in front of the mouth. -- Pro*sto"mi*al (#), a.

Pros"trate (?), a. [L. prostratus, p. p. of prosternere to prostrate; pro before, forward + sternere to spread out, throw down. See Stratum.] 1. Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate. Elyot.

Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire.

Milton.

2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. Dryden.

3. Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.

Prostrate fall Before him reverent, and there confess Humbly our faults.

Milton.

4. (Bot.) Trailing on the ground; procumbent.

Pros"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prostrating.] 1. To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to prostrate the body; to prostrate trees or plants. Evelyn.

2. to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to prostrate law or justice.

3. To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he prostrated himself. Milman.

4. To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a person prostrated by fever.

Pros*tra"tion (?), n. [L. prostratio: cf. F. prostration.] 1. The act of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the prostration of the body.

2. The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration; primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.

A greater prostration of reason than of body.

Shak.

3. The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness; dejection; as, a postration of spirits. "A sudden prostration of strength." Arbuthnot.

4. (Med.) A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies; great oppression of natural strength and vigor.

Prostration, in its medical use, is analogous to the state of a spring lying under such a weight that it is incapable of action; while exhaustion is analogous to the state of a spring deprived of its elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to denote any great depression of the vital powers.

Pro"style (?), a. [L. prostylus, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; pillar, column: cf. F. prostyle.] (Arch.) Having columns in front. -- n. A prostyle portico or building.

Pros"y (?), a. [Compar. Prosier (?); superl. Prosiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.

2. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.

Pro*sy"lo*gism (?), n. [Pref. pro- + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following syllogism.

Pro*tac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; placing or placed before, fr. &?; to place in front; &?; before + &?; to arrange.] Giving a previous narrative or explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory.

Pro"ta*gon (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a contest. See. Protagonist. So called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.

Pro*tag"o*nist (?), n. [Gr. &?;; prw^tos first + &?; an actor, combatant, fr. &?; a contest.] One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like.

Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry.

De Quincey.

Pro"ta*min (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) An amorphous nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic bases.

Pro*tan"dric (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a man.] (Zoˆl.) Having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life. -- Pro*tan"trism (#), n.

Pro*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Proterandrous.

||Prot"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stretch before, ||forward; &?; before + &?; to stretch.] 1. A proposition; a maxim. ||Johnson.

2. (Gram.) The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, generally of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to apodosis. See Apodosis.

3. The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction; opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson.

Pro*tat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. L. protaticus, F. protatique.] Of or pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.

Pro`te*a"ceous (?), a. [From Proteus.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the ProteaceÊ, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.

Pro"te*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus. " Protean transformations." Cudworth.

2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; as, an amúba is a protean animalcule.

Pro"te*an*ly, adv. In a protean manner. Cudworth.

Pro*tect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protected; p. pr. & vb. n. Protecting.] [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to cover in front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument.] To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as, a father protects his children.

The gods of Greece protect you!

Shak.

Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.

Pro*tect"ing*ly (?), adv. By way of protection; in a protective manner.

Pro*tec"tion (?), n. [L. protectio: cf. F. protection.] 1. The act of protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need protection.

To your protection I commend me, gods.

Shak.

2. That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a refuge.

Let them rise up . . . and be your protection.

Deut. xxxii. 38.

3. A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.

He . . . gave them protections under his hand.

Macaulay.

4. (Polit. Econ.) A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed to free trade.

Writ of protection. (Law) (a) A writ by which the king formerly exempted a person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng.] Blackstone. (b) A judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, juror, etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and returning.

Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security; safety.

Pro*tec"tion*ism (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) The doctrine or policy of protectionists. See Protection, 4.

Pro*tec"tion*ist, n. (Polit. Econ.) One who favors protection. See Protection, 4.

Pro*tect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. protectif.] Affording protection; sheltering; defensive. " The favor of a protective Providence." Feltham.

Protective coloring (Zoˆl.), coloring which serves for the concealment and preservation of a living organism. Cf. Mimicry. Wallace. -- Protective tariff (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to secure protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4.

Pro*tect"ive*ness, n. The quality or state of being protective. W. Pater.

Pro*tect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. protecteur.] 1. One who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.

For the world's protector shall be known.

Waller.

2. (Eng. Hist.) One having the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent.

Is it concluded he shall be protector !

Shak.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order, etc.

Lord Protector (Eng. Hist.), the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).

Pro*tect"or*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; as, protectoral power.

Pro*tect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. protectorat.] 1. Government by a protector; -- applied especially to the government of England by Oliver Cromwell.

2. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs.

Pro`tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. L. protectorius.] Same as Protectoral.

Pro*tect"or*less (?), a. Having no protector; unprotected.

Pro*tect"or*ship, n. The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.

{ Pro*tect"ress (?), Pro*tect"rix (?), } n. [NL. protectrix.] A woman who protects.

{ ||Pro`tÈ`gÈ" (?), n. m. ||Pro`tÈ`gÈe" (?), n. f.} [F., p. p. of protÈger. See Protect.] One under the care and protection of another.

Pro"te*id (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are also important constituents of vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under Food. -- Pro"te*id, a.

||Pro`te*id"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An ||order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four ||legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (Necturus). Called also ||Proteoidea, and Proteida.

Pro*te"i*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus, or an amúba.

Pro"te*in (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first: cf. prwtei^on the first place.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name.

Protein crystal. (Bot.) See Crystalloid, n., 2.

Pro`te*i*na"*ceous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.

Pro*te"i*nous (?), a. Proteinaceuos.

Pro"te*les (?), n. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A South Africa genus of Carnivora, allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It includes the aard-wolf.

Pro*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protended; p. pr. & vb. n. Protending.] [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to stretch.] To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs.]

With his protended lance he makes defence.

Dryden.

Pro*tense" (?), n. [See Protend.] Extension.[Obs.] " By due degrees and long protense." Spenser.

Pro*ten"sion (?), n. [L. protensio.] A drawing out; extension. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

Pro*ten"sive (?), a. Drawn out; extended. [R.]

Time is a protensive quantity.

Sir W. Hamilton.

||Pro`te*ol"y*sis (?), n. [NL. See Proteolytic.] (Physiol. Chem.) The ||digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.

Pro`te*o*lyt"ic (?), a. [Proteid + Gr. &?; to loose.] (Physiol.) Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible products, as peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the pancreas." Foster.

Pro`ter*an"drous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?;, &?;, man, male.] (Bot.) Having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous.

Pro`ter*an"dry (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being proterandrous.

Pro`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers appearing before the leaves; -- said of certain plants. Gray.

Pro`te*rog"ly*pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; to carve.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also Proteroglyphia.

Pro`ter*og"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; woman, female.] (Bot.) Having the pistil come to maturity before the stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous.

||Pro`te*ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) ||+ &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of reptiles of the ||Permian period. Called also Protosaurus.

Pro*ter"vi*ty (?), n. [L. protervitas, from protervus violent.] Peevishness; petulance. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pro*test" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Protested; p. pr. & vb. n. Protesting.] [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari to be a witness, testis a witness. See Testify.] 1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow.

He protest that his measures are pacific.

Landor.

The lady doth protest too much, methinks.

Shak.

2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes. Denham.

The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies of the passions.

Shak.

Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; profess. See Affirm.

Pro*test", v. t. 1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty.

I will protest your cowardice.

Shak.

2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.

Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar Protesting fate supreme.

Milton.

To protest a bill or note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix. Kent. Story.

Pro"test (?), n. [Cf. F. protÍt, It. protesto. See Protest, v.] 1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of lords in Parliament.

2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent.

Prot"es*tan*cy (?), n. Protestantism. [R.]

Prot"es*tant (?), n. [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p. pr. of protestare. See Protest, v.] One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.

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Prot"es*tant (?), a. [Cf. F. protestant.] 1. Making a protest; protesting.

2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant writers.

Prot`es*tant"ic*al (?), a. Protestant. [Obs.]

Prot"es*tant*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. protestantisme.] The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.

Prot"es*tant*ly, adv. Like a Protestant; in conformity with Protestantism. [R.] Milton.

Prot`es*ta"tion (?), n. [L. protestatio: cf. F. protestation. See Protest.] 1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith." Latimer.

2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

Prot"es*ta`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. protestateur.] One who makes protestation; a protester.

Pro*test"er (?), n. 1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. Shak.

2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

Pro*test"ing*ly, adv. By way of protesting.

Pro"te*us (?), n. [L., Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan; an amúba.

{ Pro`tha*la"mi*on (?), Pro`tha*la"mi*um (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; chamber, especially, the bridal chamber.] A song in celebration of a marriage. Drayton.

||Pro*thal"li*um (?), n.; pl. Prothallia (#). [NL.] (Bot.) Same as ||Prothallus.

||Pro*thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Prothalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + ||&?; a young shoot.] (Bot.) The minute primary growth from the spore ||of ferns and other Pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs; ||the oˆphoric generation of ferns, etc.

||Proth"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing in public, fr. &?; to ||set before; &?; before + &?; to set, put.] 1. (Eccl.) A credence ||table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.

2. (Med.) See Prosthesis. Dunglison.

Pro*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a prothetic apparatus.

{ Pro*thon"o*ta*ry (?), or Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?) }, n.; pl> -ries (#). [LL. protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw^tos first + L. notarius a shorthand writer, a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire.] 1. A chief notary or clerk. " My private prothonotary." Herrick.

2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. [Eng.] Wharton. Burrill.

3. A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the United States.

4. (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record of beatifications.

5. (Gr. Ch.) The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.

Prothonotary warbler (Zoˆl.), a small American warbler (Protonotaria citrea). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous, the rump and tail are ash- color, several outer tail feathers are partly white.

Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship, n. Office of a prothonotary.

Pro`tho*rac"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the prothorax.

Pro*tho"rax (?), n. [Pref. pro- + thorax.] (Zoˆl.) The first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Illusts. of Butterfly and Coleoptera.

||Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prothyalosomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ||prw^tos first + "y`alos glass + &?;, &?;, body.] (Biol.) The ||investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric ||germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.

Pro*thy"a*lo*some (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Prothyalosoma.

Pro"tist (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Protista.

||Pro*tis"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zoˆl.) A ||provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic ||organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others ||animals.

||Pro*tis"ton (?), n.; pl. Protista (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) One of the ||Protista.

Pro"to- (?). [Gr. prw^tos first, a superl. fr. pro` before. See Pro-.] 1. A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as, protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form; protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan.

2. (Chem.) (a) Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is prefixed; as protoxide, protochloride, etc. (b) Sometimes used as equivalent to mono-, as indicating that the compound has but one atom of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used adjectively.

Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the authorized collection of the books of Scripture; -- opposed to deutero- canonical.

Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.

Pro`to*cer"cal (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; the tail.] (Zoˆl.) Having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.

||Pro`to*coc"cus (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) A genus ||of minute unicellular algÊ including the red snow plant (Protococcus ||nivalis).

Pro"to*col (?), n. [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. &?; the first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on which the date was written; prw^tos the first (see Proto-) + &?; glue.] 1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument. Burrill.

2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.

3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified. (c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.

Pro"to*col, v. t. To make a protocol of.

Pro"to*col, v. i. To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols. Carlyle.

Pro"to*col`ist, n. One who draughts protocols.

Pro"to*conch (?), n. [Proto- + conch.] (Zoˆl.) The embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.

Pro`to-Dor*ic (?), a. [Proto- + Doric.] (Arch.) Pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style are supposed to be found.

Pro"to*gine (?), n. [Proto- + root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf. F. protogyne.] (Min.) A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.

Pro*tog"y*nous (?), a. [Proto + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.) Same as Proterogynous.

||Pro`to*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; horse.] ||(Paleon.) A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had ||three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.

Pro"to*mar`tyr (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; first + &?; martyr: cf. F. protomartyr. See Proto- , and Martyr.] The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

Pro`to*mer"ite (?), n. [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zoˆl.) The second segment of one of the GregarinÊ.

Pro`to*mor"phic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic layer of tissue. H. Spencer.

||Pro`to*ne"ma (?), n.; pl. Protonemata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + ||&?;, &?;, a thread.] (Bot.) The primary growth from the spore of a ||moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any ||part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.

Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n. Same as Prothonotary.

Pro`to*ˆr"gan*ism (?), n. [Proto- + organism.] (Biol.) An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

||Pro`to*pap"as (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a chief priest.] (Gr. Ch.) ||A protopope.

Pro"to*phyte (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a plant.] (Bot.) Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.

The protophytes (Protophyta) are by some botanists considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and algÊ, as slime molds, Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte, and Oˆphyte.

Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Proto- + phytology.] Paleobotany.

Pro"to*pine (?), n. [Proto- + opium.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Pro"to*plasm (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form, fr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.) The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.

The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms) consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm; the tissues of the higher organisms, of differentiated protoplasm.

Pro`to*plas*mat"ic (?), a. Protoplasmic.

Pro`to*plas"mic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.

Pro"to*plast (?), n. [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr. &?; formed or created first; &?; first + &?; formed, fr. &?; to form.]

1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.

2. (Biol.) A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species.

A species is a class of individuals, each of which is hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same protoplast, or of the same pair of protoplasts.

Latham.

||Pro`to*plas"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of fresh-water ||rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched ||pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known.

Pro`to*plas"tic (?), a. First- formed. Howell.

Pro*top"o*dite (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) The basal portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.

Pro"to*pope (?), n. [Proto- + pope: cf. F. protopope, Russ. protopop'.] (Gr. Ch.) One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas.

||Pro*top"te*rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; a feather ||(taken to mean, fin).] (Zoˆl.) See Komtok.

Pro"to*salt (?), n. [Proto- + salt.] (Chem.) A salt derived from a protoxide base. [Obs.]

Pro`to*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Proto- + silicate.] (Chem.) A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.

Pro`to*so"mite (?), n. [Proto- + somite.] (Zoˆl.) One of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.

Pro`to*sul"phide (?), n. [Proto- + sulphide.] (Chem.) That one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.

Pro`to*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Proto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A protosulphide. [Obs.]

||Pro`to*the"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. prw^tos first + qhri`on, ||dim. of qh`r beast.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Monotremata.

||Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proto-, and Trachea.] ||(Zoˆl.) Same as Malacopoda.

Pro"to*type (?), n. [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; first + &?; type, model. See Proto-, and Type] An original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.

They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and prototype.

Burke.

Pro`to*ver"te*bra (?), n.; pl. ProtovertebrÊ . [Proto- + vertebra.] (Anat.) One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

The protovertebrÊ were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent vertebrÊ, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral column. See Myotome.

Pro`to*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the protovertebrÊ.

Pro*tox"ide (?), n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.] (Chem.) That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See Proto-, 2 (b).

protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called hyponitrous oxide. See under Laughing.

Pro*tox"i*dize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, as any elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.

||Pro`to*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + &?; an animal.] ||(Zoˆl.) The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the Foraminifera and VorticellÊ. The reproduction takes place by fission, or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment, each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, GregarinÊ, and Infusoria. See also Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria, Flagellata, Ciliata.

Pro`to*zo"an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. -- n. One of the Protozoa.

Pro`to*zo"ic (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.

2. (Geol.) Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.

||Pro`to*zo"ˆn (-n), n.; pl. Protozoa (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the ||Protozoa. (b) A single zooid of a compound protozoan.

Pro`to*zo"ˆ*nite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the primary, or first-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.

||Pro*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea.] (Zoˆl.) ||Same as Malacopoda.

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Pro*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protracted; p. pr. vb. n. Protracting.] [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth, protract; pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray.] 1. To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.

2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a decision or duty. Shak.

3. (Surv.) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.

4. (Zoˆl.) To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws; -- opposed to retract.

Pro*tract", n. [L. protractus.] Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pro*tract`ed (?), a. Prolonged; continued.

Protracted meeting,a religious meeting continued for many successive days. [U. S.]

-- Pro*tract"ed*ly, adv. -- Pro*tract"ed*ness, n.

Pro*tract"er (?), n. A protractor.

Pro*tract"ile (?), a. Capable of being protracted, or protruded; protrusile.

Pro*trac"tion (?), n. [L. protractio.] 1. A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a debate.

A protraction only of what is worst in life.

Mallock.

2. (Surv.) (a) The act or process of making a plot on paper. (b) A plot on paper.

Pro*tract"ive (?), a. Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying.

He suffered their protractive arts.

Dryden.

Pro*tract"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.

2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular.

3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound.

4. (Anat.) A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to retractor.

5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight.

Pro*trep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn forward, to urge on.] Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.

Pro*trud"a*ble (?), a. That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin.

Pro*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Protruding.] [L. protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere to thrust. See Threat.]

1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke.

2. To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to cause to come forth.

When . . . Spring protrudes the bursting gems.

Thomson.

Pro*trude", v. i. To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to extend beyond a limit; to project.

The parts protrude beyond the skin.

Bacon.

Pro*tru"sile (?), a. Capable of being protruded or thrust out; protractile; protrusive.

Pro*tru"sion (?), n. 1. The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual limit.

2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.

Pro*tru"sive (?), a. 1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive motion. E. Darwin.

2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile.

Pro*tru"sive*ly, adv. In a protrusive manner.

Pro*tu"ber*ance (?), n. [Cf. F. protubÈrance. See Protuberant.] That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation.

Solar protuberances (Astron.), certain rose-colored masses on the limb of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope on any clear day. Called also solar prominences. See Illust. in Append.

Syn. -- Projection, Protuberance. protuberance differs from projection, being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the surface.

Pro*tu"ber*an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being protuberant; protuberance; prominence.

Pro*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of protuberare. See Protuberate.] Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant joint; a protuberant eye. -- Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly, adv.

Pro*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a hump, protuberance. See Tuber.] To swell, or be prominent, beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out. S. Sharp.

Pro*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface. Cooke (1615).

Pro*tu"ber*ous (?), a. Protuberant. [R.]

||Pro`tu*re"ter (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, Ureter.] (Anat.) The duct of a ||pronephros. Haeckel.

Pro"tyle (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; stuff, material.] (Chem. & Astron.) The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as distinct chemical elements.

Proud (?), a. [Compar. Prouder (?); superl. Proudest.] [OE. proud, prout, prud, prut, AS. prt; akin to Icel. prr stately, handsome, Dan. prud handsome. Cf. Pride.] 1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense; as: (a) Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.

Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek.

Milton.

O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty !

Shak.

And shades impervious to the proud world's glare.

Keble.

(b) Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting (in); elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. "Proud to be checked and soothed." Keble.

Are we proud men proud of being proud ?

Thackeray.

2. Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious. "Of shadow proud." Chapman. "Proud titles." Shak. " The proud temple's height." Dryden.

Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way proud Are mantled with a golden cloud.

Keble.

3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of some animals. Sir T. Browne.

Proud is often used with participles in the formation of compounds which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, proud-crested, proud-minded, proud-swelling.

Proud flesh (Med.), a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.

Proud"ish (?), a. Somewhat proud. Ash.

Proud"ling, n. A proud or haughty person. Sylvester.

Proud"ly, adv. In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily; arrogantly; boastfully.

Proudly he marches on, and void of fear.

Addison.

Proud"ness, n. The quality of being proud; pride.

Set aside all arrogancy and proudness.

Latimer.

Proust"ite (?), n. [From the French chemist, J. L. Proust.] (Min.) A sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color, occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.

Prov"a*ble (?), a. [See Prove, and cf. Probable.] Capable of being proved; demonstrable. -- Prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Prov"a*bly, adv.

{ Prov"and (?), Pro"ant (?), } n. [See Provender.] Provender or food. [Obs.]

One pease was a soldier's provant a whole day.

Beau. & Fl.

Pro*vant" (?), v. t. To supply with provender or provisions; to provide for. [Obs.] Nash.

Prov"ant (?), a. Provided for common or general use, as in an army; hence, common in quality; inferior. "A poor provant rapier." B. Jonson.

Prove (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Proving.] [OE. prover, F. prouver, fr. L. probare to try, approve, prove, fr. probus good, proper. Cf. Probable, Proof, Probe.] 1. To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; as, to prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to prove the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.

Thou hast proved mine heart.

Ps. xvii. 3.

2. To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by argument, testimony, or other evidence.

They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when they could not prove.

J. H. Newman.

3. To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify; as, to prove a will.

4. To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to experience; to suffer.

Where she, captived long, great woes did prove.

Spenser.

5. (Arith.) To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved.

6. (Printing) To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as, to prove a page.

Syn. -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish; evince; manifest; show; demonstrate.

Prove, v. i. 1. To make trial; to essay.

2. To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as, a medicine proves salutary; the report proves false. "The case proves mortal." Arbuthnot.

So life a winter's morn may prove.

Keble.

3. To succeed; to turn out as expected. [Obs.] "The experiment proved not." Bacon.

Pro*vect" (?), a. [L. provectus, p. p. of provehere to carry forward.] Carried forward; advanced. [Obs.] "Provect in years." Sir T. Flyot.

Pro*vec"tion (?), n. [L. provectio an advancement.] (Philol.) A carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for example, a nickname for an ekename.

Pro*ved"i*tor (?), n. [It. proveditore, provveditore, fr. provedere, L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purveyor, Provedore.] One employed to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who provides for another. Jer. Taylor.

Prov"e*dore (?), n. [Cf. Sp. proveedor. See Proveditor.] A proveditor; a purveyor.

Busied with the duties of a provedore.

W. Irving.

Prov"en (?), p. p. or a. Proved. "Accusations firmly proven in his mind." Thackeray.

Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed to beproven, he was acquitted.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Not proven (Scots Law), a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W.

||Pro`ven`Áal" (?), a. [F., fr. Provence, fr. L. provincia province. ||See Provincial.] Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.

||Pro`ven`Áal", n. [F.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in ||France.

2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.

Prov"ence rose` (?). [Provence the place + rose.] (a) The cabbage rose (Rosa centifolia). (b) A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids of Rosa centifolia and R. Gallica.

Pro*ven"cial (?), a. [See ProvenÁal.] Of or pertaining to Provence in France.

Prov"end (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

Prov"en*der (?), n. [OE. provende, F. provende, provisions, provender, fr. LL. praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily allowance of provisions, a prebend. See Prebend.] 1. Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed. "Hay or other provender." Mortimer.

Good provender laboring horses would have.

Tusser.

2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.]

Prov"ent (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

Pro*ven"tri*cle (?), n. (Anat.) Proventriculus.

||Pro`ven*tri"u*lus (?), n. [NL. See Pro-, and Ventricle.] (Anat.) The ||glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.

Prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proves.

Prov"erb (?), n. [OE. proverbe, F. proverbe, from L. proverbium; pro before, for + verbum a word. See Verb.] 1. An old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon.

2. A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.

His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no proverb.

John xvi. 29.

3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.

Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among all nations.

Deut. xxviii. 37.

4. A drama exemplifying a proverb.

Book of Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims.

Syn. -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw.

Prov"erb, v. t. 1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.]

Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool ?

Milton.

2. To provide with a proverb. [R.]

I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase.

Shak.

Prov"erb, v. i. To write or utter proverbs. [R.]

Pro*ver"bi*al (?), a. [L. proverbialis: cf. F. proverbial.] 1. Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence, commonly known; as, a proverbial expression; his meanness was proverbial.

In case of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair of the same beast, to be the worst.

Sir W. Temple.

2. Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb. "A proverbial obscurity." Sir T. Browne.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ism (?), n. A proverbial phrase.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ist, n. One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ize (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. F. proverbialiser.] To turn into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb; hence, commonly; universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is proverbially busy.

Pro*vex"i*ty (?), n. [L. provehere to advance. Cf. Provect.] Great advance in age. [Obs.]

Pro*vide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provided; p. pr. & vb. n. Providing.] [L. providere, provisum; pro before + videre to see. See Vision, and cf. Prudent, Purvey.] 1. To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare. "Provide us all things necessary." Shak.

2. To supply; to afford; to contribute.

Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable woods provide.

Milton.

3. To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with. "And yet provided him of but one." Jer. Taylor. "Rome . . . was well provided with corn." Arbuthnot.

4. To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the contract provides that the work be well done.

5. To foresee. [A Latinism] [Obs.] B. Jonson.

6. To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See Provisor. Prescott.

Pro*vide", v. i. 1. To procure supplies or means in advance; to take measures beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need, especially a danger or an evil; -- followed by against or for; as, to provide against the inclemency of the weather; to provide for the education of a child.

Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants.

Burke.

2. To stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides for an early completion of the work.

Pro*vid"ed (?), conj. On condition; by stipulation; with the understanding; if; -- usually followed by that; as, provided that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.

Provided the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent to their truth.

G. H. Lewes.

This word is strictly a participle, and the word being is understood, the participle provided agreeing with the whole sentence absolute, and being equivalent to this condition being previously stipulated or established.

Prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. providentia: cf. F. providence. See Provident, and cf. Prudence.] 1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a making ready; preparation.

Providence for war is the best prevention of it.

Bacon.

2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising a constant wise prescience.

The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, and Providence their guide.

Milton.

3. (Theol.) A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.

He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a greater providence of God.

Jer. Taylor.

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4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.

It is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather upon actions than persons.

Quarles.

Prov"i*dent (?), a. [L. providens, -entis, p. pr. of providere: cf. F. provident. See Provide, and cf. Prudent.] Foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies; cautious; economical; -- sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man; an animal provident of the future.

And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is.

Milton.

Syn. -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.

Prov`i*den"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. providentiel.] Effected by, or referable to, divine direction or superintendence; as, the providential contrivance of thing; a providential escape. -- Prov"i*den"tial*ly, adv.

Prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a provident manner.

Prov"i*dent*ness, n. The quality or state of being provident; carefulness; prudence; economy.

Pro*vid"er (?), n. One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who procures what is wanted.

Prov"i*dore (?), n. [See Provedore.] One who makes provision; a purveyor. [R.] De Foe.

Prov"ince (?), n. [F., fr. L. provincia; prob. fr. pro before, for + the root of vincere to conquer. See Victor.] 1. (Roman Hist.) A country or region, more or less remote from the city of Rome, brought under the Roman government; a conquered country beyond the limits of Italy. Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton.

2. A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital. "Kingdoms and provinces." Shak.

3. A region of country; a tract; a district.

Over many a tract of heaven they marched, and many a province wide.

Milton.

Other provinces of the intellectual world.

I. Watts.

4. A region under the supervision or direction of any special person; the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical division, over which one has jurisdiction; as, the province of Canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises ecclesiastical authority.

5. The proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body; office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.

The woman'sprovince is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in her affection.

Tattler.

6. Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion parliament. Hence, colloquially, The Provinces, the Dominion of Canada.

Pro*vin"cial (?), a. [L. provincialis: cf. F. provincial. See Province, and cf. Provencal.] 1. Of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; as, a provincial government; a provincial dialect.

2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished; rude; hence, narrow; illiberal. "Provincial airs and graces." Macaulay.

3. Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial synod. Ayliffe.

4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.]

With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes.

Shak.

Pro*vin"cial, n. 1. A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.

Pro*vin"cial*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. provincialisme.] A word, or a manner of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic; hence, narrowness; illiberality. M. Arnold.

Pro*vin"cial*ist, n. One who lives in a province; a provincial.

Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being provincial; peculiarity of language characteristic of a province. T. Warton.

Pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provincialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Provincializing (?).] To render provincial. M. Arnold.

Pro*vin"cial*ly, adv. In a provincial manner.

Pro*vin"ci*ate (?), v. t. To convert into a province or provinces. [Obs.] Howell.

Pro*vine" (?), v. i. [F. provingner, fr. provin a set, layer of a plant, OF. provain, from L. propago, -aginis, akin to propagare to propagate. See Propagate, Prune, v. t.] To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the ground for propagation. [Obs.] Johnson.

Pro*vi"sion (?), n. [L. provisio: cf. F. provision. See Provide.] 1. The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak.

2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.

Making provision for the relief of strangers.

Bacon.

3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or stored; -- often in the plural.

And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast.

Milton.

4. That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute has many provisions.

5. (R. C. Ch.) A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice, comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.

6. (Eng. Hist.) A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation. Blackstone.

Pro*vi"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provisioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Provisioning.] To supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a garrison.

They were provisioned for a journey.

Palfrey.

Pro*vi"sion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. provisionnel.] Of the nature of a provision; serving as a provision for the time being; -- used of partial or temporary arrangements; as, a provisional government; a provisional treaty.

Pro*vi"sion*al*ly, adv. By way of provision for the time being; temporarily. Locke.

Pro*vi"sion*a*ry (?), a. Provisional. Burke.

Pro*vi"so (?), n.; pl. Provisos (#). [L., (it) being provided, abl. of provisus, p. p. of providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its proviso.

He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception.

Shak.

Pro*vi"sor (?), n. [L., fr. providere: cf. F. proviseur. See Provide.] 1. One who provides; a purveyor. [Obs.] "The chief provisor of our horse." Ford.

2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious house. Cowell. (b) One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See Provision, 5. P. Plowman.

3. (Eng. Hist.) One who procures or receives a papal provision. See Provision, 6.

Pro*vi"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a provisory manner; conditionally; subject to a proviso; as, to admit a doctrine provisorily. Sir W. Hamilton.

Pro*vi"sor*ship (?), n. The office or position of a provisor. [R.] J. Webster.

Pro*vi"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. provisoire.] 1. Of the nature of a proviso; containing a proviso or condition; conditional; as, a provisory clause.

2. Making temporary provision; provisional.

Prov`o*ca"tion (?), n. [F. provocation, L. provocatio. See Provoke.] 1. The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan.

2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as, to give provocation. Paley.

3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth.

4. (Law) Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in retort or redress.

5. An appeal to a court. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Pro*vo"ca*tive (?), a. [L. provocativus: cf. OF. provocatif.] Serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.

Pro*vo"ca*tive, n. Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a provocative of appetite.

Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness, n. Quality of being provocative.

Pro*vo"ca*to*ry (?), a. Provocative.

Pro*vok"a*ble (?), a. That may be provoked.

Pro*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Provoking.] [F. provoquer, L. provocare to call forth; pro forth + vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice, cry, call. See Voice.] To call forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by taunts, or by defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause to retaliate.

Obey his voice, provoke him not.

Ex. xxiii. 21.

Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath.

Eph. vi. 4.

Such acts Of contumacy will provoke the Highest To make death in us live.

Milton.

Can honor's voice provoke the silent dust?

Gray.

To the poet the meaning is what he pleases to make it, what it provokes in his own soul.

J. Burroughs.

Syn. -- To irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger. See Irritate.

Pro*voke", v. i. 1. To cause provocation or anger.

2. To appeal. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Dryden.

Pro*voke"ment (?), n. The act that which, provokes; one who excites anger or other passion, or incites to action; as, a provoker of sedition.

Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things.

Shak.

Pro*vok"ing, a. Having the power or quality of exciting resentment; tending to awaken passion or vexation; as, provoking words or treatment. -- Pro*vok"ing*ly, adv.

Prov"ost (?), n. [OF. provost (L. prae and pro being confused), F. prevÙt, fr. L. praepositus placed before, a chief, fr. praeponere to place before: cf. AS. prfost, prfast. See Preposition, and cf. Propound.] 1. A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside over, something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the provost of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other cities; the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost or head of certain collegiate churches.

2. The keeper of a prison. [Obs.] Shak.

In France, formerly, a provost was an inferior judge who had cognizance of civil causes. The grand provost of France, or of the household, had jurisdiction in the king's house, and over its officers.

Provost marshal (often pronounced &?;). (a) (Mil.) An officer appointed in every army, in the field, to secure the prisoners confined on charges of a general nature. He also performs such other duties pertaining to police and discipline as the regulations of the service or the commander's orders impose upon him. (b) (Nav.) An officer who has charge of prisoners on trial by court-martial, serves notices to witnesses, etc.

Prov"ost*ship, n. The office of a provost.

Prow (?), n. [F. proue (cf. Sp. & Pg. proa, It. prua), L. prora, Gr. &?;, akin to &?; before. See Pro-, and cf. Prore.] The fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel itself. Wordsworth.

The floating vessel swum Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow rode tilting o'er the waves.

Milton.

Prow (?), n. See Proa.

Prow, a. [Compar. Prower (?); superl. Prowest.] [OF. prou, preu, F. preux, fr. L. pro, prod, in prodesse to be useful. See Pro-, and cf. Prude.] Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous. [Archaic] Tennyson.

The prowest knight that ever field did fight.

Spenser.

Prow, n. [OE. & OF. prou. See Prow, a.] Benefit; profit; good; advantage. [Obs.]

That shall be for your hele and for your prow.

Chaucer.

Prow"ess (?), n. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.] Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.

He by his prowess conquered all France.

Shak.

Prowl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prowling.] [OE. prollen to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for proglen, a dim. of prog to beg, or proke to poke. Cf. Proke.] 1. To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to search in, as for prey or booty.

He prowls each place, still in new colors decked.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. To collect by plunder; as, to prowl money. [Obs.]

Prowl, v. i. To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild beast; hence, to prey; to plunder.

Prowl, n. The act of prowling. [Colloq.] Smart.

Prowl"er (?), n. One that prowls. Thomson.

Prowl"ing, a. Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as for prey. "A prowling wolf." Milton. -- Prowl"ing*ly, adv.

Prox (?), n. [Cf. Proxy.] "The ticket or list of candidates at elections, presented to the people for their votes." [Rhode Island] Bartlett.

Prox"ene (?), n. [Cf. &?;; &?; before + &?; a guest, stranger: cf. F. proxËne.] (Gr. Antiq.) An officer who had the charge of showing hospitality to those who came from a friendly city or state.

Prox"e*net (?), n. [L. proxeneta, Gr. &?;.] A negotiator; a factor. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Prox"i*mad (?), adv. [Proximal + L. ad to.] (Anat.) Toward a proximal part; on the proximal side of; proximally.

Prox"i*mal (?), a. 1. Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of motion of dependence; proximate.

2. (Biol.) (a) Situated near the point of attachment or origin; as, the proximal part of a limb. (b) Of or pertaining to that which is proximal; as, the proximal bones of a limb. Opposed to distal.

Prox"i*mal*ly, adv. (Anat.) On or toward a proximal part; proximad.

Prox"i*mate (?), a. [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare to come near, to approach, fr. proximus the nearest, nest, superl. of propior nearer, and prope, adv., near.] Nearest; next immediately preceding or following. "Proximate ancestors." J. S. Harford.

The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge].

T. Burnet.

Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the proximate principles of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate analysis. -- Proximate cause. (a) A cause which immediately precedes and produces the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or predisposing cause. I. Watts. (b) That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a specific result, no independent disturbing agencies intervening. -- Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc.

Syn. -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.

Prox"i*mate*ly, adv. In a proximate manner, position, or degree; immediately.

Prox"ime (?), a. [L. proximus. See Proximate.] Next; immediately preceding or following. [Obs.]

Prox*im"i*ous (?), a. Proximate. [Obs.]

Prox*im"i*ty (?), n. [L. proximitas: cf. F. proximitÈ See Proximate, and cf. Propinquity, Approach.] The quality or state of being next in time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in place, blood, or alliance.

If he plead proximity of blood That empty title is with ease withstood.

Dryden.

Prox"i*mo (?). [L., on the next, abl. of proximus next.] In the next month after the present; -- often contracted to prox.; as, on the 3d proximo.

Prox"y (?), n.; pl. Proxies (#). [Contr. from procuracy. Cf. Proctor.] 1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.

I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself.

Burke.

2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another.

Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to vote for him in his absence.

Blackstone.

3. A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his stead, as in a corporation meeting.

4. (Eng. Law) The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts. Burrill.

5. (Eccl.) See Procuration. [Obs.]

Prox"y, v. i. To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of another. [R.]

Prox"y*ship, n. The office or agency of a proxy.

Pruce (?), n. [OE. for Prussia: cf. F. Prusse.] Prussian leather. [Obs.] Dryden.

<! p. 1156 !>

Prude (?), n. [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened from OF. prudefeme, preudefeme, a discreet or excellent woman; OF. preu, prou, excellent, brave + de of + fete woman. See Prow, a., Prowess.] A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in conduct and speech.

Less modest than the speech of prudes.

Swift.

Pru"dence (?), n. [F., fr. L. prudentia, contr. from providentia. See Prudent, and cf. Providence.] The quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; hence, also, economy; frugality.

Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing.

Sir M. Hale.

Prudence supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers only to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right means for given ends.

Whewell.

Syn. -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness; discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See Wisdom.

Pru"den*cy (?), n. Prudence. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Pru"dent (?), a. [L. prudens, -entis, contr. from providens: cf. F. prudent. See Provident.] 1. Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious; careful; discreet; sensible; -- opposed to rash; as, a prudent man; dictated or directed by prudence or wise forethought; evincing prudence; as, prudent behavior.

Moses established a grave and prudent law.

Milton.

2. Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent expenditure of money.

Syn. -- Cautious; wary; circumspect; considerate; discreet; judicious; provident; economical; frugal.

Pru*den"tial (?), a. 1. Proceeding from, or dictated or characterized by, prudence; prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as distinguished from higher motives or influences; as, prudential motives. " A prudential line of conduct." Sir W. Scott.

2. Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or executive; as, a prudential committee.

Pru*den"tial, n. That which relates to or demands the exercise of, discretion or prudence; -- usually in the pl.

Many stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common prudentials as well as to religion.

I. Watts.

Pru*den"tial*ist, n. One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential motives. [R.] Coleridge.

Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being prudential. Sir T. Browne.

Pru*den"tial*ly (?), adv. In a prudential manner; prudently. South.

Pru"dent*ly (?), adv. In a prudent manner.

Prud"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pruderies (#). [F. pruderie. See Prude.] The quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected scrupulousness in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness. Cowper.

Prud*homme" (?), n. [F. prud'homme. cf. Prude.] A trustworthy citizen; a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d Commune, 1.

Prud"ish (?), a. Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved; affectedly severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners.

A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face.

Garrick.

Prud"ish*ly, adv. In a prudish manner.

Pru"i*nate (?), a. Same as Pruinose.

Pru"i*nose` (?), a. [L. pruinosus, fr. pruina hoarfrost.] Frosty; covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to give the appearance of frost.

Pru"i*nous (?), a. Frosty; pruinose.

Prune (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pruned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pruning.] [OE. proine, probably fr. F. provigner to lay down vine stocks for propagation; hence, probably, the meaning, to cut away superfluous shoots. See Provine.] 1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to prune trees; to prune an essay. Thackeray.

Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and reformed.

Bacon.

Our delightful task To prune these growing plants, and tend these flowers.

Milton.

2. To cut off or cut out, as useless parts.

Horace will our superfluous branches prune.

Waller.

3. To preen; to prepare; to dress. Spenser.

His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak.

Shak.

Prune, v. i. To dress; to prink; - used humorously or in contempt. Dryden.

Prune, n. [F. prune, from L. prunum a plum. See Plum.] A plum; esp., a dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish prunes; California prunes.

German prune (Bot.), a large dark purple plum, of oval shape, often one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in sirup. -- Prune tree. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Prunus (P. domestica), which produces prunes. (b) The West Indian tree, Prunus occidentalis. -- South African prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a sapindaceous tree (Pappea Capensis).

||Pru*nel"la (?), n. [NL., perhaps from G. brÊune quinsy, croup.] ||(Med.) (a) Angina, or angina pectoris. (b) Thrush.

Prunella salt (Old Chem.), niter fused and cast into little balls.

{ Pru*nel"la, Pru*nel"lo, } n. [F. prunelle, probably so called from its color resembling that of prunes. See Prune, n.] A smooth woolen stuff, generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; -- formerly used also for clergymen's gowns.

Pru*nelle" (?), n. [F., dim. of prune. See Prune, n.] A kind of small and very acid French plum; -- applied especially to the stoned and dried fruit.

Pru*nel"lo (?), n. [F. prunelle, dim. of prune. See Prune a plum.] A species of dried plum; prunelle.

Prun"er (?), n. 1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvÊ gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American oak pruner (Asemum mústum), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.

Pru*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. prunum a plum + -ferous.] Bearing plums.

Prun"ing (?), n. 1. The act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.

2. (Falconry) That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers; leavings. Beau. & Fl.

Pruning hook, or Pruning knife, cutting instrument used in pruning trees, etc. -- Pruning shears, shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.

||Pru"nus (?), n. [L., a plum tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees with ||perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which ||usually becomes a drupe in ripening.

Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by LinnÊus, was made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later botanists separated these into several genera, as Prunus, Cerasus, and Armeniaca, but now, by Bentham and Hooker, the plums, cherries, cherry laurels, peach, almond, and nectarine are all placed in Prunus.

{ Pru"ri*ence (?), Pru"ri*en*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being prurient.

The pruriency of curious ears.

Burke.

There is a prurience in the speech of some.

Cowper.

Pru"ri*ent (?), a. [L. pruries, - entis, p. pr. of prurire to itch. Cf. Freeze.] Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious curiosity or propensity; lustful. -- Pru"ri*ent*ly, adv.

The eye of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object of illicit attraction.

I. Taylor.

Pru*rig"i*nous (?), a. [L. pruriginosus: cf. F. prurigineux.] (Med.) Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of, prurigo.

||Pru*ri"go (?), n. [L., an itching, the itch, fr. prurire to itch.] ||(Med.) A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the ||chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy ||cuticle in color.

||Pru*ri"tus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Itching.

Prus"sian (?), a. [From Prussia, the country: cf. F. prussien.] Of or pertaining to Prussia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Prussia.

Prussian blue (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble Prussian blue, Berlin blue, etc. -- Prussian carp (Zoˆl.) See Gibel. -- Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.

Prus"si*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. prussiate.] (Chem.) A salt of prussic acid; a cyanide.

Red prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferricyanide, under Ferricyanide. -- Yellow prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferrocyanide, under Ferrocyanide.

Prus"sic (?), a. [Cf. F. prussique.] (Old Chem.) designating the acid now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called prussic acid, because Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See Hydrocyanic.

Pru*ten"ic (?), a. (Astron.) Prussian; -- applied to certain astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.

Pry (?), n. [Corrupted fr. prize a lever. See Prize, n.] A lever; also, leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.]

Pry pole, the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass.

Pry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prying.] To raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize. [Local, U. S. & Eng.]

Pry, v. i. [OE. prien. Cf. Peer to peep.] To peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity; -- often implying reproach. " To pry upon the stars." Chaucer.

Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets of the state.

Shak.

Pry, n. Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.

Pry"an (?), n. (Mining) See Prian.

Pry"ing, a. Inspecting closely or impertinently.

Syn. -- Inquisitive; curious. See Inquisitive.

Pry"ing*ly, adv. In a prying manner.

||Pryt`a*ne"um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; prytanis.] (Gr. ||Antiq.) A public building in certain Greek cities; especially, a ||public hall in Athens regarded as the home of the community, in which ||official hospitality was extended to distinguished citizens and ||strangers.

||Pryt"a*nis (?), n.; pl. Prytanes (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) ||A member of one of the ten sections into which the Athenian senate of ||five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the ||presidency of the senate for about one tenth of the year.

Pryt"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period during which the presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section.

Pryth"ee (?), interj. See Prithee.

Psalm (?), n. [OE. psalm, salm, AS. sealm, L. psalmus, psalma, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to pull, twitch, to play upon a stringed instrument, to sing to the harp: cf. OF. psalme, salme, F. psaume.] 1. A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.

Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly.

Milton.

2. Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.

Psalm, v. t. To extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises. Sylvester.

Psalm"ist (?), n. [L. psalmista, Gr. &?;: cf. F. psalmiste. See Psalm.] 1. A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the church.

Psalm"ist*ry (?), n. The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody.

{ Psal*mod"ic (?), Psal*mod"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. psalmodique.] Relating to psalmody.

Psal"mo*dist (?), n. One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist.

Psal"mo*dize (?), v. i. To practice psalmody. " The psalmodizing art." J. G. Cooper.

Psal"mo*dy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; psalm + &?; a song, an ode: cf. F. psalmodie, LL. psalmodia. See Psalm, and Ode.] The act, practice, or art of singing psalms or sacred songs; also, psalms collectively, or a collection of psalms.

Psal"mo*graph (?), n. [See Psalmographer.] A writer of psalms; a psalmographer.

{ Psal*mog"ra*pher (?), Psal*mog"ra*phist (?), } n. [L. psalmographus, Gr. &?;; &?; a psalm + &?; to write.] A writer of psalms, or sacred songs and hymns.

Psal*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. psalmographie.] The act or practice of writing psalms, or sacred songs.

Psal"ter (?), n. [OE. psauter, sauter, OF. sautier, psaltier, F. psautier, from L. psalterium. See Psaltery.] 1. The Book of Psalms; -- often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed.

2. Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads, corresponding to the number of the psalms.

Psal*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psalterium.

||Psal*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Psalteria (#). [L., a psaltery.] (Anat.) ||(a) The third stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies. (b) The lyra of ||the brain.

Psal"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Psalteries (#). [OE. sautrie, OF. psalterie, F. psaltÈrion, L. psalterium psaltery, psalter, from Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See Psalm, Psalter.] A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not known.

Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings.

Ps. xxxiii. 2.

Psam"mite (?), n. [Gr. &?; sandy, from &?; sand: cf. F. psammite.] (Min.) A species of micaceous sandstone. -- Psam*mit"ic (#), a.

Psar"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; speckled + -lite.] (Paleon.) A silicified stem of tree fern, found in abundance in the Triassic sandstone.

Psel"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stammer.] Indistinct pronunciation; stammering.

Pse"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a decree, fr. &?; to vote with a pebble, fr. &?; pebble.] (Gr. Antiq.) A proposition adopted by a majority of votes; especially, one adopted by vote of the Athenian people; a statute. J. P. Mahaffy.

||Pseu`dÊs*the"si*a (?), n. [NL. See Pseudo-, and ∆sthesia.] (Physiol.) ||False or imaginary feeling or sense perception such as occurs in ||hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has been ||removed, as an amputated foot.

Pseu*dem"bry*o (?), n. [Pseudo- + embryo.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A false embryo. (b) An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by budding.

{ Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to pseudepigraphy.

Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous (?), a. [Gr. &?; falsely inscribed. See Pseudo-, and Epigraphy.] Inscribed with a false name. Cudworth.

Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy (?), n. The ascription of false names of authors to works.

Pseud*hÊ"mal (?), a. [Pseudo- + hÊmal.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the vascular system of annelids.

PseudhÊmal fluid, the circulatory fluid, or blood, of annelids, analogous to the blood of vertebrates. It is often red, but is sometimes green or colorless. -- PseudhÊmal vessels, the blood vessels of annelids.

Pseu"do- (?). [Gr. pseydh`s lying, false, akin to psey`dein to belie; cf. psydro`s lying, psy`qos a lie.] A combining form or prefix signifying false, counterfeit, pretended, spurious; as, pseudo-apostle, a false apostle; pseudo-clergy, false or spurious clergy; pseudo-episcopacy, pseudo- form, pseudo-martyr, pseudo-philosopher. Also used adjectively.

Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a (?), n. pl. [Pseudo- + bacteria.] (Biol.) Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.

The globules which divide and develop in form of chains are organized beings; when this does not occur, we are dealing with pseudobacteria. Sternberg.

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||Pseu`do*blep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + ble`psis ||sight.] (Med.) False or depraved sight; imaginary vision of objects. ||Forsyth.

Pseu"do*branch (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Pseudobranchia.

||Pseu`do*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PseudobranchiÊ (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, ||and Branchia.] (Anat.) A rudimentary branchia, or gill. -- ||Pseu`do*bran"chi*al (#), a.

Pseu"do-bulb` (?), n. [Pseudo- + bulb.] (Bot.) An aÎrial corm, or thickened stem, as of some epiphytic orchidaceous plants.

Pseu"do*carp (?), n. [Pseudo- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) That portion of an anthocarpous fruit which is not derived from the ovary, as the soft part of a strawberry or of a fig.

Pseu`do-chi"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + china.] (Bot.) The false china root, a plant of the genus Smilax (S. Pseudo-china), found in America.

Pseu"do*cúle (?), n. Same as Pseudocúlia.

||Pseu`do*cú"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + &?; hollow.] ||(Anat.) The fifth ventricle in the mammalian brain. See Ventricle. B. ||G. Wilder.

Pseu"do-cone` (?), n. [Pseudo- + cone.] (Zoˆl.) One of the soft gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of certain insects, taking the place of the crystalline cones of others.

Pseu`do-cu"mene (?), n. [Pseudo- + cumene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series, metameric with mesitylene and cumene, found in coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid.

Pseu`do-dip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo- + dipteral: cf. F. pseudodiptËre.] (Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly dipteral, as a temple with the inner range of columns surrounding the cella omitted, so that the space between the cella wall and the columns is very great, being equal to two intercolumns and one column. -- n. A pseudo-dipteral temple.

Pseu"do*dox (?), a. [Gr. pseydo`doxos; pseydh`s false + do`xa an opinion.] Not true in opinion or doctrine; false. -- n. A false opinion or doctrine. "To maintain the atheistical pseudodox which judgeth evil good, and darkness light." T. Adams.

||Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Pseudofilari&?; (#). [NL. See ||Pseudo-, and Filaria.] (Zoˆl.) One of the two elongated vibratile ||young formed by fission of the embryo during the development of ||certain GregarinÊ.

Pseu`do-ga*le"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + galena.] (Min.) False galena, or blende. See Blende (a).

Pseu"do*graph (?), n. [See Pseudography.] A false writing; a spurious document; a forgery.

Pseu*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; to write.] False writing; forgery.

||Pseu`do*hal"ter (?), n.; pl. Pseudohalteres (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, ||and Halteres.] (Zoˆl.) One of the rudimentary front wings of certain ||insects (Stylops). They resemble the halteres, or rudimentary hind ||wings, of Diptera.

Pseu"do-heart` (?), n. [Pseudo- + heart.] (Zoˆl.) Any contractile vessel of invertebrates which is not of the nature of a real heart, especially one of those pertaining to the excretory system.

Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic (?), a. [Pseudo- + hypertrophic.] (Med.) Falsely hypertrophic; as, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, a variety of paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged, but are really degenerated and replaced by fat.

Pseu*dol"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] One who utters falsehoods; a liar.

Pseu*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; speech: cf. F. pseudologie.] Falsehood of speech. Arbuthnot.

Pseu`do-me*tal"lic (?), a. [Pseudo- + metallic.] Falsely or imperfectly metallic; -- said of a kind of luster, as in minerals.

Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous (?), a. [Pseudo- + monocotyledonous.] (Bot.) Having two coalescent cotyledons, as the live oak and the horse- chestnut.

Pseu"do*morph (?), n. [See Pseudomorphous.] 1. An irregular or deceptive form.

2. (Crystallog.) A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of quartz, but having the cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal having been changed to quartz by a process of substitution.

Pseu`do*mor"phism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The state of having, or the property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that which belongs to the species.

Pseu`do*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; form: cf. F. pseudomorphe.] Not having the true form.

Pseudomorphous crystal, one which has a form that does not result from its own powers of crystallization.

||Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la (?), n.; pl. PseudonavicullÊ (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) ||Same as Pseudonavicula.

||Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la (?), n.; pl. PseudonaviculÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ||pseydh`s false + NL. navicula, a genus of diatoms. See Navicular.] ||(Zoˆl.) One of the minute spindle-shaped embryos of GregarinÊ and ||some other Protozoa.

||Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Neuroptera.] ||(Zoˆl.) division of insects (Zoˆl.) reticulated wings, as in the ||Neuroptera, but having an active pupa state. It includes the dragon ||flies, May flies, white ants, etc. By some zoˆlogists they are ||classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera.

Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the Pseudoneuroptera.

Pseu"do*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudonymous.] A fictitious name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name. [Written also pseudonyme.]

Pseu`do*nym"i*ty (?), n. The using of fictitious names, as by authors.

Pseu*don"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?;, &?;, a name: cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudo-, and Name.] Bearing a false or fictitious name; as, a pseudonymous work. -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ly, adv. -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ness, n.

Pseu`do-pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo- + peripteral: cf. F. pseudopÈriptËre.] (Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as a temple having the columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an ambulatory only at the ends or only at one end. -- n. A pseudo-peripteral temple. Oxf. Gloss.

||Pseu"do*pod (?), n. [Pseudo- + -pod.] 1. (Biol.) Any protoplasmic ||filament or irregular process projecting from any unicellular ||organism, or from any animal or plant call.

2. (Zoˆl.) A rhizopod.

Pseu`do*po"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pseudopod, or to pseudopodia. See Illust. of Heliozoa.

||Pseu`do*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pseudopodia (&?;). [NL.] Same as ||Pseudopod.

||Pseu`do*pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. PseudopupÊ (#), E. Pseudopupas (#). ||[NL. See Pseudo-, and Pupa.] (Zoˆl.) A stage intermediate between the ||larva and pupa of bees and certain other hymenopterous insects.

Pseu`do*rhab"dite (?), n. [Pseudo- + Gr. &?; a rod.] (Zoˆl.) One of the peculiar rodlike corpuscles found in the integument of certain Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular substance.

Pseu`do-ro*man"tic (?), a. Pseudo- + romantic.] Falsely romantic.

The false taste, the pseudo-romantic rage.

De Quincey.

Pseu"do*scope (?), n. [Pseudo- + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument which exhibits objects with their proper relief reversed; -- an effect opposite to that produced by the stereoscope. Wheatstone.

Pseu`do*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a pseudoscope; having its parts appearing with the relief reversed; as, a pseudoscopic image.

||Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Scorpion.] ||(Zoˆl.) An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by large ||claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the ||false scorpions. Called also Pseudoscorpii, and Pseudoscorpionina. ||See Illust. of Book scorpion, under Book.

Pseu"do*sphere` (?), n. [Pseudo- + sphere.] (Geom.) The surface of constant negative curvature generated by the revolution of a tractrix. This surface corresponds in non-Euclidian space to the sphere in ordinary space. An important property of the surface is that any figure drawn upon it can be displaced in any way without tearing it or altering in size any of its elements.

Pseu"do*spore` (?), n. [Pseudo- + spore.] (Bot.)A peculiar reproductive cell found in some fungi.

||Pseu`do*stel"la (?), n.; pl. -lÊ. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + L. ||stella star.] (Astron.) Any starlike meteor or phenomenon. [R.]

||Pseu*dos"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Pseudostomata (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and ||Stoma.] (Anat.) A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any ||true aperture among them.

Pseu`do-sym*met"ric (?), a. (Crystallog.) Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry.

Pseu`do-sym"me*try (?), n. [Pseudo- + symmetry.] (Crystallog.) A kind of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which from twinning, or other causes, come to resemble forms of a system other than that to which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite.

||Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Tetramerous.] ||(Zoˆl.) A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute ||and obscure, so that there appear to be but four joints. -- ||Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al (#), a.

||Pseu`do*tin"e*a (&?;), n.; pl. PseudotineÊ (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and ||Tinea.] (Zoˆl.) The bee moth, or wax moth (Galleria).

Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal (?), a. [Pseudo- + turbinal.] (Anat.) See under Turbinal.

Pseu*do"va*ry (?), n.; pl. Pseudovaries (#). [Pseudo- + ovary.] (Zoˆl.) The organ in which pseudova are produced; -- called also pseudovarium.

||Pseu*do"vum (?), n.; pl. Pseudova (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and Ovum.] ||(Zoˆl.) An egglike germ produced by the agamic females of some ||insects and other animals, and by the larvÊ of certain insects. It is ||capable of development without fertilization. See Illust. of ||PÊdogenesis.

Pshaw (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] Pish! pooch! -- an exclamation used as an expression of contempt, disdain, dislike, etc. [Written also psha.]

Pshaw (?), v. i. To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as by the exclamation " Pshaw!"

The goodman used regularly to frown and pshaw wherever this topic was touched upon.

Sir W. Scott.

Psi`lan*throp"ic (?), a. [see Psilanthropist.] Pertaining to, or embodying, psilanthropy. "A psilanthropic explanation." Coleridge.

Psi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. Psilanthropy.

Psi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; a man.] One who believes that Christ was a mere man. Smart.

Psi*lan"thro*py (?), n. The doctrine of the merely human existence of Christ.

Psi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr &?; mere + - logy.] Love of empty of empty talk or noise. Coleridge.

Psi*lom"e*lane (?), n. [Gr. &?; bare + &?;, &?;, black.] (Min.) A hydrous oxide of manganese, occurring in smooth, botryoidal forms, and massive, and having an iron-black or steel-gray color.

||Psi`lo*pÊ"des (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr.&?; bare + &?;, &?;, ||offspring.] (Zoˆl.) birds whose young at first have down on the ||pterylÊ only; - - called also GymnopÊdes.

Psi`lo*pÊd"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having down upon the pterylÊ only; -- said of the young of certain birds.

Psi*los"o*pher, n. [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; wise.] A superficial or narrow pretender to philosophy; a sham philosopher.

{ Psit*ta"ceous (?), Psit"ta*cid (?), } a. [L. psittacus a parrot, Gr. &?;: cf. F. psittacide.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the parrots, or the Psittaci. -- n. One of the Psittaci.

||Psit"ta*ci (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The order of birds which ||comprises the parrots.

Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine (?), n. [Gr. &?; a parrot + L. fulvus yellow.] A yellow pigment found in the feathers of certain parrots.

Pso"as (?), n. [Gr. &?; a muscle of the loin: cf. f. psoas.] (Anat.) An internal muscle arising from the lumbar vertebrÊ and inserted into the femur. In man there are usually two on each side, and the larger one, or great psoas, forms a part of the iliopsoas.

||Pso"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Med.) A cutaneous disease; ||especially, the itch.

||Pso*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; psora.] (Med.) (a) ||The state of being affected with psora. [Obs.] (b) A cutaneous ||disease, characterized by imbricated silvery scales, affecting only ||the superficial layers of the skin.

Pso"ric (?), a. [L. psoricus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. psorique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to psora.

Pso"ro*sperm (?), n. [Gr. &?; itching + &?; seed.] (Zoˆl.) A minute parasite, usually the young of GregarinÊ, in the pseudonavicula stage.

Psy`cha*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Psychagogue.] Attractive; persuasive. J. Morley.

Psy"cha*gogue (?), n. [Gr.&?;; &?; the soul + &?; to lead.] A necromancer. [R.]

Psy"chal (?), a. [See Psychical.] Of or pertaining to the soul; psychical. Bayne.

Psy"che (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. PSychh` Psyche, fr. psychh` the soul.] 1. (Class Myth.) A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of Eros, or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul.

2. The soul; the vital principle; the mind.

3. [F. psychÈ.] A cheval glass.

Psy"chi*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any small moth of the genus Psyche and allied genera (family PsychidÊ). The larvÊ are called basket worms. See Basket worm, under Basket.

{ ||Psy*chi`a*tri"a (?), Psy*chi"a*try (?), } n. [NL. psychiatria, fr. Gr. &?; the mind + &?; healing.] (Med.) The application of the healing art to mental diseases. Dunglison.

Psy`chi*at"ric (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to psychiatria.

{ Psy"chic (?), Psy"chic*al (?), } a. [L. psychicus, Gr. &?;, fr. psychh` the soul, mind; cf. &?; to blow: cf. F. psychique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in man.

This term was formerly used to express the same idea as psychological. Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it to mark the difference between psychh` the living principle in man, and pney^ma the rational or spiritual part of his nature. In this use, the word describes the human soul in its relation to sense, appetite, and the outer visible world, as distinguished from spiritual or rational faculties, which have to do with the supersensible world. Heyse.

2. Of or pertaining to the mind, or its functions and diseases; mental; -- contrasted with physical.

Psychical blindness, Psychical deafness (Med.), forms of nervous disease in which, while the senses of sight and hearing remain unimpaired, the mind fails to appreciate the significance of the sounds heard or the images seen. -- Psychical contagion, the transference of disease, especially of a functional nervous disease, by mere force of example. -- Psychical medicine, that department of medicine which treats of mental diseases.

Psy"chics (?), n. Psychology.

Psy"chism (?), n. [Cf. F. psychisme.] (Philos.) The doctrine of Quesne, that there is a fluid universally diffused, end equally animating all living beings, the difference in their actions being due to the difference of the individual organizations. Fleming.

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Psy"cho- (?). A combining form from Gr. psychh` the soul, the mind, the understanding; as, psychology.

Psy`cho*gen"e*sis (?), n. Genesis through an internal force, as opposed to natural selection.

Psy*chog"ra*phy (?), n. [Psycho- + -graphy.] 1. A description of the phenomena of mind.

2. (Spiritualism) Spirit writing.

{ Psy`cho*log"ic (?), Psy`cho*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. psychologique.] Of or pertaining to psychology. See Note under Psychic. -- Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Psy*chol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. psychologiste.] One who is versed in, devoted to, psychology.

Psy"cho*logue (?), n. A psychologist.

Psy*chol"o*gy (?), n. pl. Psychologies (&?;). [Psycho- + -logy: cf. F. psychologie. See Psychical.] The science of the human soul; specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and functions of the human soul, so far as they are known by consciousness; a treatise on the human soul.

Psychology, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind, or conscious subject, or self.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Psy*chom"a*chy (?), n. [L. psychomachia, fr. Gr. psychh` the soul + &?; fight: cf. &?; desperate fighting.] A conflict of the soul with the body.

Psy"cho*man`cy (?), n. [Psycho- + -mancy: cf. F. psychomancie.] Necromancy.

Psy*chom"e*try (?), n. [Psycho- + -metry.] (Physiol.) The art of measuring the duration of mental processes, or of determining the time relations of mental phenomena. -- Psy`cho*met"ric (#), a.

Psy`cho-mo"tor (?), a. [Psycho- + motor.] Of or pertaining to movement produced by action of the mind or will.

Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. &?; to spend all night long; &?;, &?;, all + &?; night.] (Theol.) The doctrine that the soul falls asleep at death, and does not wake until the resurrection of the body. -- Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism (#), n.

Psy*chop"a*thy (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Med.) Mental disease. See Psychosis, 2. -- Psy`cho*path"ic, a. -- Psy*chop"a*thist, n.

Psy`cho*phys"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to psychophysics; involving the action or mutual relations of the psychical and physical in man.

Psychophysical time (Physiol.), the time required for the mind to transform a sensory impression into a motor impulse. It is an important part of physiological or reaction time. See under Reaction.

Psy`cho*phys"ics (?), n. [Psycho- + physics.] The science of the connection between nerve action and consciousness; the science which treats of the relations of the psychical and physical in their conjoint operation in man; the doctrine of the relation of function or dependence between body and soul.

Psy"cho*pomp (?), n. [Gr. &?;; psychh` the soul + &?; to send: cf. F. psychopompe.] (Myth.) A leader or guide of souls . J. Fiske.

Psy*cho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Psycho- .]

1. Any vital action or activity. Mivart.

2. (Med.) A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.

Psy`cho*zo"ic (?), a. [Psycho- + Gr. &?; life.] (Geol.)Designating, or applied to the Era of man; as, the psychozoic era.

Psy*chrom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. psychro`s cold + -meter: cf. F. psychromËtre.] An instrument for measuring the tension of the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb hygrometer.

Psy`chro*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or psychrometry.

Psy*chrom"e*try (?), n. Hygrometry.

||Psyl"la (?), n.; pl. PsyllÊ (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a flea.] (Zoˆl.) ||Any leaping plant louse of the genus Psylla, or family PsyllidÊ.

Ptar"mi*gan (?), n. [Gael. tarmachan; cf. Ir. tarmochan, tarmonach.] (Zoˆl.) Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species are known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter.

They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is Lagopus mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L. Scoticus), is reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or willow, ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and America.

||Pte`no*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.&?; feathered + &?; tongue.] ||(Zoˆl.) A division of gastropod mollusks having the teeth of the ||radula arranged in long transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a ||feather.

Pte`no*glos"sate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Ptenoglossa.

Pte*ran"o*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; wing + &?; priv. + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of American Cretaceous pterodactyls destitute of teeth. Several species are known, some of which had an expanse of wings of twenty feet or more.

||Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of ||pterodactyls destitute of teeth, as in the genus Pteranodon.

||Pte*rich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing + &?; fish.] (Paleon.) A ||genus of Devonian fossil fishes with winglike appendages. The head ||and most of the body were covered with large bony plates. See ||Placodermi.

Pter`i*dol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in pteridology.

Pter`i*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + -logy.] That department of botany which treats of ferns.

Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + E. mania.] A madness, craze, or strong fancy, for ferns. [R.] C. Kingsley.

||Pter`i*doph"y*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + &?; a ||plant.] (Bot.) A class of flowerless plants, embracing ferns, ||horsetails, club mosses, quillworts, and other like plants. See the ||Note under Cryptogamia. -- Pter"i*do*phyte` (#), n.

This is a modern term, devised to replace the older ones acrogens and vascular Cryptogamia.

||Pter`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; &?;.] ||(Zoˆl.) An order of marine Bryozoa, having a bilobed lophophore and ||an axial cord. The genus Rhabdopleura is the type. Called also ||Podostomata. See Rhabdopleura.

||Pte*roc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; a horn.] (Zoˆl.) ||A genus of large marine gastropods having the outer border of the lip ||divided into lobes; -- called also scorpion shell.

||Pter`o*cle"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr Pterocles, the typical genus, fr. ||Gr. &?; feather + &?;, &?;, a key, tongue of a clasp.] (Zoˆl.) A ||division of birds including the sand grouse. They are in some ||respects intermediate between the pigeons and true grouse. Called ||also PteroclomorphÊ.

Pter`o*dac"tyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wing + &?; finger, toe: cf. F. ptÈrodactyle.] (Paleon.) An extinct flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See Illustration in Appendix.

||Pter`o*dac"ty*li (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pterosauria.

Pter`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tongue.] (Zoˆl.) Having the tongue finely notched along the sides, so as to have a featherlike appearance, as the toucans.

Pte"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing.] (Anat.) The region of the skull, in the temporal fossa back of the orbit, where the great wing of the sphenoid, the temporal, the parietal, and the frontal hones approach each other.

||Pter`o*pap"pi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a feather, a bird + &?; ||a grandfather.] (Zool.) Same as OdontotormÊ.

Pter"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; to bear.] (Zoˆl.) Any moth of the genus Pterophorus and allied genera; a plume moth. See Plume moth, under Plume.

Pter"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; wing-footed; &?; a feather, wing + &?;, &?;, foot: cf. F. ptÈropode.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Pteropoda.

||Pte*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A class of Mollusca in which ||the anterior lobes of the foot are developed in the form of broad, ||thin, winglike organs, with which they swim at near the surface of ||the sea.

The Pteropoda are divided into two orders: Cymnosomata, which have the body entirely naked and the head distinct from the wings; and Thecosomata, which have a delicate transparent shell of various forms, and the head not distinct from the wings.

Pte*rop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda.

Pter"o*saur (?), n. [Gr. &?; wind + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A pterodactyl.

||Pter`o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of ||flying reptiles of the Mesozoic age; the pterodactyls; -- called also ||Pterodactyli, and Ornithosauria.

The wings were formed, like those of bats, by a leathery expansion of the skin, principally supported by the greatly enlarged outer or " little" fingers of the hands. The American Cretaceous pterodactyls had no teeth. See Pteranodontia, and Pterodactyl.

Pter`o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Pterosauria.

||Pter`o*stig"ma (?), n.; pl. Pterostigmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing ||+ &?;, &?;, a mark.] (Zoˆl.) A thickened opaque spot on the wings of ||certain insects.

Pte*ro"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; wing + &?;, &?;, ear.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, a bone between the proˆtic and epiotic in the dorsal and outer part of the periotic capsule of many fishes. -- n. The pterotic bone.

The pterotic bone is so called because fancied in some cases to resemble in form a bird's wing

||Pte*ryg"i*um (?), n.; pl. E. Pterygiums (#), L. Pterygia (#). [NL., ||fr. Gr. &?;, properly a dim, akin to &?; a feather.] (Med.) A ||superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a fanlike manner ||from the cornea over the surface of the eye.

Pter"y*goid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wing + -oid.] (Anat.) (a) Like a bird's wing in form; as, a pterygoid bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pterygoid bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole sphenoid bone. -- n. A pterygoid bone.

Pterygoid bone (Anat.), a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower jaw. -- Pterygoid process (Anat.), a process projecting downward from either side of the sphenoid bone, in man divided into two plates, an inner and an outer. The posterior nares pass through the space, called the pterygoid fossa, between the processes.

Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Pterygoid + maxillary.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid bone, and the lower jaw.

Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pterygoid + palatine.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine bones.

||Pter`y*go*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pterygopodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, ||&?;, a fin + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, a foot.] (Anat.) A specially ||modified part of the ventral fin in male elasmobranchs, which serves ||as a copulatory organ, or clasper.

Pter`y*go*quad"rate (?), a. [Pterygoid + quadrate.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate bones or cartilages.

||Pte*ry"la (?), n.; pl. PterylÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; feather + &?; ||wood, forest.] (Zoˆl.) One of the definite areas of the skin of a ||bird on which feathers grow; -- contrasted with apteria.

Pter`y*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Pteryla + -graphy.] (Zoˆl.) The study or description of the arrangement of feathers, or of the pterylÊ, of birds.

||Pter`y*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. NL. & E. pteryla.] (Zoˆl.) The ||arrangement of feathers in definite areas.

Ptil"o*cerque (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tail.] (Zool.) The pentail.

||Ptil`o*pÊ"des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a feather + &?;, &?;, ||offspring.] (Zoˆl.) Same as DasypÊdes.

Ptil`o*pÊd"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having nearly the whole surface of the skin covered with down; dasypÊdic; -- said of the young of certain birds.

||Pti*lop"te*ri (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a downy feather + &?; ||wing.] (Zoˆl.) An order of birds including only the penguins.

||Pti*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr &?; a feather.] (Zoˆl.) Same as ||Pterylosis.

Ptis"an (?), n. [L. ptisana peeled barley, barley water, Gr. &?;, from &?; to peel, husk; cf. F. ptisane, tisane.] 1. A decoction of barley with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink.

2. (Med.) An aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal agent; a tea or tisane.

Ptol`e*ma"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and astronomer.

Ptolemaic system (Astron.), the system maintained by Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.

Ptol"e*ma`ist (?), n. One who accepts the astronomical system of Ptolemy.

Pto"ma*ine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; a dead body.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the leucomaines.

||Pto"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a falling.] (Med.) Drooping of the ||upper eyelid, produced by paralysis of its levator muscle.

<! p. 1159 !>

Pty"a*lin (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle. See Ptyalism.] (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human mixed saliva and in the saliva of some animals.

Pty"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to spit much, fr. &?; spittle, fr. &?; to spit: cf. F. ptyalisme.] Salivation, or an excessive flow of saliva. Quain.

Pty*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving.] (Med.) A ptysmagogue.

Ptys"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving: cf. F. ptysmagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that promotes the discharge of saliva.

||Ptyx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a folding.] (Bot.) The way in which ||a leaf is sometimes folded in the bud.

Pub"ble (?), a. [Perhaps fr. bubble.] Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat. [Obs.] Drant.

Pu"ber*al (?), a. [From L. puber, pubes, grown up, adult.] Of or pertaining to puberty.

Pu"ber*ty (?), n. [L. pubertas, fr. puber, pubes, adult: cf. F. pubertÈ.] 1. The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting or bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.

2. (Bot.) The period when a plant first bears flowers.

Pu*ber"u*lent (?), a. [See Pubis.] (Bot.) Very minutely downy.

Pu"bes (?), n. [L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty, from pubes adult.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The hair which appears upon the lower part of the hypogastric region at the age of puberty. (b) Hence (as more commonly used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic region.

2. (Bot.) The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows on plants; pubescence.

Pu*bes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. pubescence.] 1. The quality or state of being pubescent, or of having arrived at puberty. Sir T. Browne.

2. A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and insects; also, the state of being so covered.

Pu*bes"cen*cy (?), n. Pubescence.

Pu*bes"cent (?), a. [L. pubescens, -entis, p. pr. of pubescere to reach puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. pubes pubes: cf. F. pubescent.] 1. Arrived at puberty.

That . . . the men (are) pubescent at the age of twice seven, is accounted a punctual truth.

Sir T. Browne.

2. Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects, and the leaves of some plants.

Pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of the pubes; as, the pubic bone; the pubic region, or the lower part of the hypogastric region. See Pubes. (b) Of or pertaining to the pubis.

||Pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pubes.] (Anat.) The ventral and anterior of ||the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; ||sharebone; pubic bone.

Pub"lic (?), a. [L. publicus, poblicus, fr. populus people: cf. F. public. See People.] 1. Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; -- opposed to private; as, the public treasury.

To the public good Private respects must yield.

Milton.

He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the public credit, and it sprung upon its feet.

D. Webster.

2. Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious; as, public report; public scandal.

Joseph, . . . not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily.

Matt. i. 19.

3. Open to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house. "The public street." Shak.

Public act or statute (Law), an act or statute affecting matters of public concern. Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice. -- Public credit. See under Credit. -- Public funds. See Fund, 3. -- Public house, an inn, or house of entertainment. -- Public law. (a) See International law, under International. (b) A public act or statute. -- Public nuisance. (Law) See under Nuisance. -- Public orator. (Eng. Universities) See Orator, 3. -- Public stores, military and naval stores, equipments, etc. -- Public works, all fixed works built by civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals, etc.; but strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed at the public cost.

Pub"lic, n. 1. The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community; the people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a particular body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public.

The public is more disposed to censure than to praise.

Addison.

2. A public house; an inn. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

In public, openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in private or secrecy. "We are to speak in public." Shak.

Pub"li*can (?), n. [L. publicanus: cf. F. publicain. See Public.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were often oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great detestation.

As Jesus at meat . . . many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples.

Matt. 1x. 10.

How like a fawning publican he looks!

Shak.

2. The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer, spirits, or wine.

Pub`li*ca"tion (?), n. [L. publicatio confiscation: cf. F. publication. See Publish.] 1. The act of publishing or making known; notification to the people at large, either by words, writing, or printing; proclamation; divulgation; promulgation; as, the publication of the law at Mount Sinai; the publication of the gospel; the publication of statutes or edicts.

2. The act of offering a book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the public by sale or by gratuitous distribution.

The publication of these papers was not owing to our folly, but that of others.

Swift.

3. That which is published or made known; especially, any book, pamphlet, etc., offered for sale or to public notice; as, a daily or monthly publication.

4. An act done in public. [R. & Obs.]

His jealousy . . . attends the business, the recreations, the publications, and retirements of every man.

Jer. Taylor.

Publication of a libel (Law), such an exhibition of a libel as brings it to the notice of at least one person other than the person libeled. -- Publication of a will (Law), the delivery of a will, as his own, by a testator to witnesses who attest it.

Pub"lic-heart`ed (?), a. Public- spirited. [R.]

Pub"li*cist (?), n. [Cf. F. publiciste.] A writer on the laws of nature and nations; one who is versed in the science of public right, the principles of government, etc.

The Whig leaders, however, were much more desirous to get rid of Episcopacy than to prove themselves consummate publicists and logicians.

Macaulay.

Pub*lic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. publicitÈ.] The quality or state of being public, or open to the knowledge of a community; notoriety; publicness.

Pub"lic*ly (?), adv. 1. With exposure to popular view or notice; without concealment; openly; as, property publicly offered for sale; an opinion publicly avowed; a declaration publicly made.

2. In the name of the community. Addison.

Pub"lic-mind`ed (?), a. Public- spirited. -- Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness, n.

Pub"lic*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being public, or open to the view or notice of people at large; publicity; notoriety; as, the publicness of a sale.

2. The quality or state of belonging to the community; as, the publicness of property. Boyle.

Pub"lic-spir`it*ed (?), a. 1. Having, or exercising, a disposition to advance the interest of the community or public; as, public- spirited men.

2. Dictated by a regard to public good; as, a public-spirited project or measure. Addison.

-- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly, adv. -- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

Pub"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Published (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Publishing.] [F. publier, L. publicare, publicatum. See Public, and -ish.] 1. To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in general; to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a law or an edict.

Published was the bounty of her name.

Chaucer.

The unwearied sun, from day to day, Does his Creator's power display, And publishes to every land The work of an almighty hand.

Addison.

2. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to publish banns of marriage.

3. To send forth, as a book, newspaper, musical piece, or other printed work, either for sale or for general distribution; to print, and issue from the press.

4. To utter, or put into circulation; as, to publish counterfeit paper. [U.S.]

To publish a will (Law), to acknowledge it before the witnesses as the testator's last will and testament.

Syn. -- To announce; proclaim; advertise; declare; promulgate; disclose; divulge; reveal. See Announce.

Pub"lish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being published; suitable for publication.

Pub"lish*er (?), n. One who publishes; as, a publisher of a book or magazine.

For love of you, not hate unto my friend, Hath made me publisher of this pretense.

Shak.

Pub"lish*ment (?), n. 1. The act or process of making publicly known; publication.

2. A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some States. [U.S.]

Puc*coon" (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Bot.) Any one of several plants yielding a red pigment which is used by the North American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of Lithospermum (L. hirtum, and L. canescens); also, the pigment itself.

Puce (?), a. [F., fr. puce a flea, L. pulex, pulicis.] Of a dark brown or brownish purple color.

Pu"cel (?), n. See Pucelle. [Obs.]

Pu"cel*age (?; 48), n. [F.] Virginity. [R.]

||Pu*celle" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pulicella, fr. L. pullus a young ||animal. See Pullet.] A maid; a virgin. [Written also pucel.] [Obs.]

Lady or pucelle, that wears mask or fan.

B. Jonson.

La Pucelle, the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc.

Pu"ce*ron (?), n. [F., from puce a flea. See Puce.] (Zoˆl.) Any plant louse, or aphis.

Pu"cher*ite (?), n. [So named from the Pucher Mine, in Saxony.] (Min.) Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown crystals.

Puck (?), n. [OE. pouke; cf. OSw. puke, Icel. pki an evil demon, W. pwca a hobgoblin. Cf. Poker a bugbear, Pug.] 1. (MediÊval Myth.) A celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the night;" -- called also Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak.

He meeteth Puck, whom most men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth fall.

Drayton.

2. (Zoˆl.) The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]

Puck"ball` (?), n. [Puck + ball.] A puffball.

Puck"er (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Puckered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puckering.] [From Poke a pocket, small bag.] To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; -- often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. "His skin [was] puckered up in wrinkles." Spectator.

Puck"er, n. 1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.

2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

Puck"er*er, n. One who, or that which, puckers.

Puck"er*y (?), a. 1. Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; as, a puckery taste. Lowell.

2. Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or wrinkles.

Puck"fist` (?), n. A puffball.

Puck"ish, a. [From Puck.] Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous. "Puckish freaks." J. R. Green.

Pu"cras (?), n. [From a native name in India.] (Zoˆl.) See Koklass.

Pud (?), n. Same as Pood.

Pud (?), n. The hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb.

Pud"den*ing (?), n. [Probably fr. pudden, for pudding, in allusion to its softness.] (Naut.) (a) A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like, placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat. (b) A bunch of soft material to prevent chafing between spars, or the like.

Pud"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddering.] [Cf. Pother.] To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle.

Puddering in the designs or doings of others.

Barrow.

Others pudder into their food with their broad nebs.

Holland.

Pud"der, v. t. To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to pudder a man. Locke.

Pud"der, n. A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle. "All in a pudder." Milton.

Pud"ding (?), n. [Cf. F. boudin black pudding, sausage, L. botulus, botellus, a sausage, G. & Sw. pudding pudding, Dan. podding, pudding, LG. puddig thick, stumpy, W. poten, potten, also E. pod, pout, v.] 1. A species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence, variously made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and eggs, etc.

And solid pudding against empty praise.

Pope.

2. Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of, pudding.

3. An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a sausage. Shak.

4. Any food or victuals.

Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue.

Prior.

5. (Naut.) Same as Puddening.

Pudding grass (Bot.), the true pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium), formerly used to flavor stuffing for roast meat. Dr. Prior. -- Pudding pie, a pudding with meat baked in it. Taylor (1630). -- Pudding pipe (Bot.), the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree Cassia Fistula. The seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish pulp. See Cassia. -- Pudding sleeve, a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown. Swift. -- Pudding stone. (Min.) See Conglomerate, n., 2. -- Pudding time. (a) The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first eaten. [Obs.] Johnson. (b) The nick of time; critical time. [Obs.]

Mars, that still protects the stout, In pudding time came to his aid.

Hudibras.

Pud"ding-head`ed (?), a. Stupid. [Colloq.]

Pud"dle (?), n. [OE. podel; cf. LG. pudel, Ir. & Gael. plod pool.] 1. A small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small pool. Spenser.

2. Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet, to render it impervious to water.

Puddle poet, a low or worthless poet. [R.] Fuller.

Pud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddling (?).] 1. To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with (water).

Some unhatched practice . . . Hath puddled his clear spirit.

Shak.

2. (a) To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet, so as to render impervious to water. (b) To make impervious to liquids by means of puddle; to apply puddle to.

3. To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron. Ure.

Puddled steel, steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of the puddling process.

Pud"dle, v. i. To make a dirty stir. [Obs.] R. Junius.

Pud"dle-ball` (?), n. The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled.

Pud"dle-bar" (?), n. An iron bar made at a single heat from a puddle-ball hammering and rolling.

Pud"dler (?), n. One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the process of puddling.

Pud"dling (?), n. 1. (Hydraul. Engin.) (a) The process of working clay, loam, pulverized ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids; also, the process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means of puddled material. (b) Puddle. See Puddle, n., 2.

2. (Metal.) The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.

Puddling furnace, a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.

Pud"dly (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul. "Thick puddly water." Carew.

Pud"dock (?), n. [For paddock, or parrock, a park.] A small inclosure. [Written also purrock.] [Prov. Eng.]

Pu"den*cy (?), n. [L. pudens, p. pr. of pudere to be ashamed.] Modesty; shamefacedness. "A pudency so rosy." Shak.

||Pu*den"da (?), n. pl. [L., from pudendus that of which one ought to ||be ashamed, fr. pudere to be ashamed.] (Anat.) The external organs of ||generation.

Pu*den"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or pudendum.

||Pu*den"dum (?), n. [NL. See Pudenda.] (Anat.) The external organs of ||generation, especially of the female; the vulva.

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Pudg"y (?), a. Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short, pudgy little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray.

Pu"dic (?), a. [L. pudicus modest, fr. pudere to be ashamed: cf. F. pudique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the external organs of generation.

Pu"dic*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pudic.

Pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pudicitÈ, L. pudicitia.] Modesty; chastity. Howell.

Pu"du (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of the Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three inches long.

Pue (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.] To make a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell.

Pueb"lo (?), n. [Sp., a village, L. populus people. See People.] A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any Indian village in the same region.

Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the ZuÒi, the Keran, and the Tewan.

Pue"fel`low (?), n. A pewfellow. [Obs.]

Pu"er (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning. Simmonds.

||Pu*er"co (?), n. [Sp.] A hog.

Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to certain strata belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern New Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their mammalian remains.

Pu"er*ile (?), a. [L. puerilis, fr. puer a child, a boy: cf. F. puÈril.] Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.

The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents.

De Quincey.

Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See Youthful.

Pu"er*ile*ly, adv. In a puerile manner; childishly.

Pu"er*ile*ness, n. The quality of being puerile; puerility.

Pu`er*il"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Puerilities (#). [L. puerilitas: cf. F. puÈrilitÈ.] 1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness. Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which is flat, insipid, or silly.

Pu*er"per*al (?), a. [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer child + parere to bear: cf. F. puerpÈral.] Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a puerperal fever.

Pu*er"per*ous (?), a. Bearing children. [R.]

Pu"et (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The pewit.

Puff (pf), n. [Akin to G. & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.] 1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. " To every puff of wind a slave." Flatman.

2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball. (b) a kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the skin or hair with powder.

3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a public journal.

Puff adder. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder (Vipera, or Clotho arietans) is the largest species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake (Heterodon platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing adder. -- Puff bird (Zoˆl.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family BucconidÊ. They are small birds, usually with dull- colored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).

Puff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed (pft); p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] [Akin to G. puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to blow, Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff, n.] 1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.

2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at.

It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation.

South.

3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion.

The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase.

L' Estrange.

4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle.

5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to assume importance.

Then came brave Glory puffing by.

Herbert.

Puff, v. t. 1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs.

The clearing north will puff the clouds away.

Dryden.

2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.

I puff the prostitute away.

Dryden.

3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; -- often with up; as, a bladder puffed with air.

The sea puffed up with winds.

Shak.

4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self- esteem, or the like; -- often with up.

Puffed up with military success.

Jowett (Thucyd. )

5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to by praises; to praise unduly. " Puffed with wonderful skill." Macaulay.

Puff, a. Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.

Puff"ball` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and puffin.

Puff"er (?), n. 1. One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or extravagant commendation.

2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the species of Tetrodon and Diodon; -- called also blower, puff-fish, swellfish, and globefish. (b) The common, or harbor, porpoise.

4. (Dyeing) A kier.

Puff"er*y (?), n. The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant commendation.

Puf"fin (pf"fn), n. [Akin to puff.] 1. (Zoˆl.) An arctic sea bird Fratercula arctica) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also bottle nose, cockandy, coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope, and sea parrot.

The name is also applied to other related species, as the horned puffin (F. corniculata), the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata), and the razorbill.

Manx puffin, the Manx shearwater. See under Manx.

2. (Bot.) The puffball.

3. A sort of apple. [Obs.] Rider's Dict. (1640).

Puff"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puffy.

Puff"ing, a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t.

Puffing adder. (Zoˆl.) Same as Puff adder (b), under Puff. -- Puffing pig (Zoˆl.), the common porpoise.

Puff"ing*ly, adv. In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise.

Puff"-leg` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful humming birds of the genus Eriocnemis having large tufts of downy feathers on the legs.

Puff"-legged` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers on the legs.

Puff"y (?), a. 1. Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance; bloated; fleshy; as, a puffy tumor. " A very stout, puffy man." Thackeray.

2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style.

Pug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pugging.] [Cf. G. pucken to thump. beat.]

1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.

2. To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound. See Pugging, 2.

Pug, n. 1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic.

2. A pug mill.

Pug mill, a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is placed.

Pug, n. [Corrupted fr. puck. See Puck.] 1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison.

3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly.

5. pl. Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland.

6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

7. (Zoˆl.) One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and head; a pug dog.

8. (Zoˆl.) Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia.

Pug"-faced` (?), a. Having a face like a monkey or a pug; monkey-faced.

Pug"ger (?), v. t. To pucker. [Obs.]

Pug"gered (?), a. Puckered. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Pug"ging (?), n. [See Pug, v. t.] 1. The act or process of working and tempering clay to make it plastic and of uniform consistency, as for bricks, for pottery, etc.

2. (Arch.) Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the United States usually called deafening.

Pug"ging, a. Thieving. [Obs.] Shak.

Pugh (?), interj. Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.

Pu"gil (?), n. [L. pugillus, pugillum, a handful, akin to pugnus the fist.] As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pu"gil*ism (?), n. [L. pugil a pugilist, boxer, akin to pugnus the fist. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] The practice of boxing, or fighting with the fist.

Pu"gil*ist, n. [L. pugil.] One who fights with his fists; esp., a professional prize fighter; a boxer.

Pu`gil*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pugillism.

Pug*na"cious (?), a. [L. pugnax, -acis, fr. pugnare to fight. Cf. Pugilism, Fist.] Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting. --Pug*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Pug*na"cious*ness, n.

Pug*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. pugnacitas: cf. F. pugnacitÈ.] Inclination or readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness. " A national pugnacity of character." Motley.

Pug" nose` (?). A short, thick nose; a snubnose. -- Pug"-nosed` (#), a.

Pug-nose eel (Zoˆl.), a deep- water marine eel (Simenchelys parasiticus) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut.

Puh (?), interj. The same as Pugh.

Puis"ne (p"n), a. [See Puny.] 1. Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent. [Obs.] " A puisne date to eternity." Sir M. Hale.

2. Puny; petty; unskilled. [Obs.]

3. (Law) Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief justice and three puisne justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the puisne barons of the Court of Exchequer. Blackstone.

Puis"ne, n. One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a judge of inferior rank.

It were not a work for puisnes and novices.

Bp. Hall.

Puis"ny (?), a. Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled. [R.]

A puisny tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side.

Shak.

Pu"is*sance, n. [F., fr. puissant. See Puissant, and cf. Potency, Potance, Potence.] Power; strength; might; force; potency. " Youths of puissance." Tennyson.

The power and puissance of the king.

Shak.

In Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, puissance and puissant are usually dissyllables.

Pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. posse to be able: cf. L. potens powerful. See Potent.] Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible; as, a puissant prince or empire. " Puissant deeds." Milton.

Of puissant nations which the world possessed.

Spenser.

And worldlings in it are less merciful, And more puissant.

Mrs. Browning.

Pu"is*sant*ly, adv. In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great strength.

Pu"is*sant*ness, n. The state or quality of being puissant; puissance; power.

||Puit (?), n. [F. puits, from L. puteus well.] A well; a small stream; ||a fountain; a spring. [Obs.]

The puits flowing from the fountain of life.

Jer. Taylor.

Puke (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puking.] [Cf. G. spucken to spit, and E. spew.] To eject the contests of the stomach; to vomit; to spew.

The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms.

Shak.

Puke, v. t. To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.

Puke, n. A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.

Puke, a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Of a color supposed to be between black and russet. Shak.

This color has by some been regarded as the same with puce; but Nares questions the identity.

Puk"er (?), n. 1. One who pukes, vomits.

2. That which causes vomiting. Garth .

Pu"las (?), n. [Skr. palÁa.] (Bot.) The East Indian leguminous tree Butea frondosa. See Gum Butea, under Gum. [Written also pales and palasa.]

Pul"chri*tude (?), n. [L. pulchritudo, fr. pulcher beautiful.] 1. That quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty; comeliness; grace; loveliness.

Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude.

Court of Love.

2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.

By the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the beauty of their bodies.

Ray.

Pule (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puling.] [F. piauler; cf. L. pipilare, pipire, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. peep to chirp.] 1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon.

2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.

It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule.

Barrow.

Pul"er (?), n. One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak person.

||Pu"lex (?), n. [L., a flea.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of parasitic insects ||including the fleas. See Flea.

Pu"li*cene (?), a. [From L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.] Pertaining to, or abounding in, fleas; pulicose.

{ Pu"li*cose` (?), Pu"li*cous (?), } a. [L. pulicosus, from pulex, a flea.] Abounding with fleas.

Pul"ing (?), n. A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.

Leave this faint puling and lament as I do.

Shak.

Pul"ing, a. Whimpering; whining; childish.

Pul"ing*ly, adv. With whining or complaint.

||Pulk"ha (?), n. A Laplander's traveling sledge. See Sledge.

Pull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulling.] [AS. pullian; cf. LG. pulen, and Gael. peall, piol, spiol.] 1. To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.

Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows.

Shak.

He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in.

Gen. viii. 9.

2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend.

He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made me desolate.

Lam. iii. 11.

3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.

4. To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull a bell; to pull an oar.

5. (Horse Racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the favorite was pulled.

6. (Print.) To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses being worked by pulling a lever.

7. (Cricket) To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n., 8.

Never pull a straight fast ball to leg.

R. H. Lyttelton.

To pull and haul, to draw hither and thither. " Both are equally pulled and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. " South. -- To pull down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull down a house. " In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to pull down than build up." Howell. " To raise the wretched, and pull down the proud." Roscommon. -- To pull a finch. See under Finch. -- To pull off, take or draw off.

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Pull (?), v. i. To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or hauling; to tug; as, to pull at a rope.

To pull apart, to become separated by pulling; as, a rope will pull apart. -- To pull up, to draw the reins; to stop; to halt. -- To pull through, to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a dangerous sickness, or the like.

Pull, n. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move something by drawing toward one.

I awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at the top of my box.

Swift.

2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew.

3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic]

Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off.

Shak.

4. A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a drawer pull; a bell pull.

5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.]

6. The act of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug. [Slang] Dickens.

7. Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an advantage; means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the pull. [Slang]

8. (Cricket) A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off side, or an off ball to the side.

The pull is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket.

R. A. Proctor.

Pul"lail (?), n. [F. poulaille.] Poultry. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Pull"back` (?), n. 1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a hindrance.

2. (Arch) The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold it party open at a fixed point.

Pulled (?), a. Plucked; pilled; moulting. " A pulled hen." Chaucer.

Pul"len (?), n. [Cf. L. pullinus belonging to young animals. See Pullet.] Poultry. [Obs.]

Pull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pulls.

Proud setter up and puller down of kings.

Shak.

Pul"let (?), n. [OE. polete, OF. polete, F. poulette, dim. of poule a hen, fr. L. pullus a young animal, a young fowl. See Foal, and cf. Poult, Poultry, Pool stake.] A young hen, or female of the domestic fowl.

Pullet sperm, the treadle of an egg. [Obs.] Shak.

Pul"ley (?), n.; pl. Pulleys (#). [F. poulie, perhaps of Teutonic origin (cf. Poll, v. t.); but cf. OE. poleine, polive, pulley, LL. polanus, and F. poulain, properly, a colt, fr. L. pullus young animal, foal (cf. Pullet, Foal). For the change of sense, cf. F. poutre beam, originally, a filly, and E. easel.] (Mach.) A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.

The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning within a movable frame or block, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block, instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is called by workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and tackle. See Block. A single fixed pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply for changing the direction of motion.

Band pulley, or Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for guiding a belt. -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley, one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon a shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under Fast. -- Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from, a shaft. -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6. -- Pulley stile (Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed and along which the sash slides. -- Split pulley, a parting pulley.

Pul"ley, v. t. To raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.

Pul"li*cate (?), n. A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.

Pull"man car` (?). [Named after Mr. Pullman, who introduced them.] A kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; -- often shortened to Pullman.

Pul"lu*late (?), v. i. [L. pullulatus, p. p. of pullulare to sprout, from pullulus a young animal, a sprout, dim. of pullus. See pullet.] To germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly. Warburton.

Pul`lu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pullulation.] A germinating, or budding. Dr. H. More.

||Pul"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulli (#). [L.] (Zoˆl.) A chick; a young bird in ||the downy stage.

||Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.], Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate. (&?;), ||a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonibranchiata, - ate.

Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + E. cutaneous.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; as, the pulmocutaneous arteries of the frog.

||Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. & E. Gasteropoda.] (Zoˆl.) ||Same as Pulmonata.

Pul"mo*grade (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + gradi to walk.] (Zoˆl.) Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of the body, or of the disk, as do the medusÊ.

Pul*mom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pulmo a lung + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.

Pul"mo*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any arachnid that breathes by lunglike organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively.

Pul"mo*na*ry (?), a. [L. pulmonarius, from pulmo, -onis, a lung; of uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E. float: cf. F. pulmonaire. Cf. Pneumonia.] Of or pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs; pulmonic.

Pulmonary artery. See the Note under Artery.

Pul"mo*na*ry, n. [Cf. F. pulmonaire. See Pulmonary, a. ] (Bot.) Lungwort. Ainsworth.

||Pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. pulmo, -onis, a lung.] (Zoˆl.) ||An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite gastropods, in ||which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-breathing organ, as ||in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs, and many pond ||snails, as LimnÊa and Planorbis.

Pul"mo*nate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having breathing organs that act as lungs. (b) Pertaining to the Pulmonata. -- n. One of the Pulmonata.

Pul"mo*na`ted (?), a. same as Pulmonate (a).

||Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pulmo, -onis, a lung ||+ Gr. &?; a gill.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonata.

Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonate.

Pul*mon"ic (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung: cf. F. pulmonique.] Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary. -- n. A pulmonic medicine.

||Pul`mo*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pulmoniferous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as ||Pulmonata.

Pul`mo*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung + -ferous.] (Zoˆl.) Having lungs; pulmonate.

Pulp (?), n. [L. pulpa flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. pulpe.] A moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal or vegetable matter. Specifically: (a) (Anat.) A tissue or part resembling pulp; especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive tissue which fills the central cavity, called the pulp cavity, of teeth. (b) (Bot.) The soft, succulent part of fruit; as, the pulp of a grape. (c) The exterior part of a coffee berry. B. Edwards. (d) The material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended in water.

Pulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulping.] 1. To reduce to pulp.

2. To deprive of the pulp, or integument.

The other mode is to pulp the coffee immediately as it comes from the tree. By a simple machine a man will pulp a bushel in a minute.

B. Edwards.

Pul`pa*toon" (?), n. [F. poulpeton, poupeton, a sort of ragout.] A kind of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the pulp of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.

Pulp"i*ness (?), n. the quality or state of being pulpy.

Pul"pit (?), n. [L. pulpitum: cf. OF. pulpite, F. pulpitre.]

1. An elevated place, or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the clergyman stands while preaching.

I stand like a clerk in my pulpit.

Chaucer.

2. The whole body of the clergy; preachers as a class; also, preaching.

I say the pulpit (in the sober use Of its legitimate, peculiar powers) Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand, The most important and effectual guard, Support, and ornament of virtue's cause.

Cowper.

3. A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker.

Pul"pit, a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; as, a pulpit orator; pulpit eloquence.

Pul"pit*ed (?), a. Placed in a pulpit. [R.]

Sit . . . at the feet of a pulpited divine.

Milton.

Pul*pit*eer" (?), n. One who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; -- so called in contempt. Howell.

We never can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous on such a pulpiteer.

Prof. Wilson.

Pul"pit*er (?), n. A preacher. [Obs.]

Pul*pit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the pulpit. [R.] -- Pul*pit"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Chesterfield.

Pul"pit*ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching. Chalmers.

Pul"pit*ry (?), n. The teaching of the pulpit; preaching. [R. & Obs.] " Mere pulpitry." Milton.

Pulp"ous (?), a. [L. pulposus: cf. F. pulpeux. See Pulp.] Containing pulp; pulpy. " Pulpous fruit." J. Philips. -- Pulp"ous*ness, n.

Pulp"y (?), n. Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent; as, the pulpy covering of a nut; the pulpy substance of a peach or a cherry.

||Pul"que (?), n. [Sp.] An intoxicating Mexican drink. See Agave.

Pul"sate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pulsated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulsating.] [L. pulsatus, p. p. of pulsare to beat, strike, v. intens. fr. pellere to beat, strike, drive. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pulse, v.] To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart.

The heart of a viper or frog will continue to pulsate long after it is taken from the body.

E. Darwin.

Pul"sa*tile (?), a. [Cf. It. pulsatile, Sp. pulsatil.] 1. Capable of being struck or beaten; played by beating or by percussion; as, a tambourine is a pulsatile musical instrument.

2. Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor.

||Pul`sa*til"la (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ranunculaceous herbs ||including the pasque flower. This genus is now merged in Anemone. ||Some species, as Anemone Pulsatilla, Anemone pratensis, and Anemone ||patens, are used medicinally.

Pul*sa"tion (?), n. [L. pulsatio a beating or striking: cf. F. pulsation.] 1. (Physiol.) A beating or throbbing, especially of the heart or of an artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse.

2. A single beat or throb of a series.

3. A stroke or impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the propagation of sounds.

4. (Law) Any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This constitutes battery.

By the Cornelian law, pulsation as well as verberation is prohibited.

Blackstone.

Pul"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatif.] Beating; throbbing.

Pul*sa"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. A beater; a striker.

2. (Mech.) That which beats or throbs in working.

Pul"sa*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatoire.] Capable of pulsating; throbbing. Sir H. Wotton. .

Pulse (?), n. [OE. puls, L. puls, pultis, a thick pap or pottage made of meal, pulse, etc. See Poultice, and cf. Pousse.] Leguminous plants, or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc.

If all the world Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse.

Milton.

Pulse, n. [OE. pous, OF. pous, F. pouls, fr. L. pulsus (sc. venarum), the beating of the pulse, the pulse, from pellere, pulsum, to beat, strike; cf. Gr. &?; to swing, shake, &?; to shake. Cf. Appeal, Compel, Impel, Push.] 1. (Physiol.) The beating or throbbing of the heart or blood vessels, especially of the arteries.

In an artery the pulse is due to the expansion and contraction of the elastic walls of the artery by the action of the heart upon the column of blood in the arterial system. On the commencement of the diastole of the ventricle, the semilunar valves are closed, and the aorta recoils by its elasticity so as to force part of its contents into the vessels farther onwards. These, in turn, as they already contain a certain quantity of blood, expand, recover by an elastic recoil, and transmit the movement with diminished intensity. Thus a series of movements, gradually diminishing in intensity, pass along the arterial system (see the Note under Heart). For the sake of convenience, the radial artery at the wrist is generally chosen to detect the precise character of the pulse. The pulse rate varies with age, position, sex, stature, physical and psychical influences, etc.

2. Any measured or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly repeated, as of a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.; oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement.

The measured pulse of racing oars.

Tennyson.

When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single pulse of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.

Burke.

Pulse glass, an instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal bulbs, and containing ether or alcohol, which the heat of the hand causes to boil; -- so called from the pulsating motion of the liquid when thus warmed. -- Pulse wave (Physiol.), the wave of increased pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing in the smaller branches.

the pulse wave travels over the arterial system at the rate of about 29.5 feet in a second.

H. N. Martin.

-- To feel one's pulse. (a) To ascertain, by the sense of feeling, the condition of the arterial pulse. (b) Hence, to sound one's opinion; to try to discover one's mind.

Pulse, v. i. To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to pulsate; to throb. Ray.

Pulse, v. t. [See Pulsate, Pulse a beating.] To drive by a pulsation; to cause to pulsate. [R.]

Pulse"less, a. Having no pulsation; lifeless.

Pulse"less*ness, n. The state of being pulseless.

Pul*sif"ic (?), a. [Pulse + L. facere to make.] Exciting the pulse; causing pulsation.

Pul*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.] (Physiol.) A sphygmograph.

Pul"sion (?), n. [L. pulsio, fr. pellere, pulsum, to drive: cf. F. pulsion.] The act of driving forward; propulsion; -- opposed to suction or traction. [R.]

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Pul"sive (?), a. Tending to compel; compulsory. [R.] "The pulsive strain of conscience." Marston.

Pul*som"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.]

1. A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called vacuum pump.

2. A pulsimeter.

Pult (?), v. t. To put. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Pul*ta"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. pultacÈ. See 1st Pulse.] Macerated; softened; nearly fluid.

{ Pul"tesse (?), Pul"tise (?), } n. Poultry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pu"lu (?), n. A vegetable substance consisting of soft, elastic, ||yellowish brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the ||young fronds of free ferns of the genus Cibotium, chiefly C. ||Menziesii; -- used for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an ||absorbent.

Pul"ver*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being reduced to fine powder. Boyle.

Pul`ver*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a finely powdered surface; pulverulent.

Pul"ver*ate (?), v. t. [L. pulveratus, p. p. of pulverare to pulverize. See Pulverize.] To beat or reduce to powder or dust; to pulverize. [R.]

Pul"ver*ine (?), n. [L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder; cf. F. pulvÈrin.] Ashes of barilla. Ure.

Pul"ver*i`za*ble (?), a. Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable. Barton.

Pul`ver*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pulvÈrisation.] The action of reducing to dust or powder.

Pul"ver*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulverized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulverizing (?).] [F. pulvÈriser, L. pulverizare, fr. pulvis dust, powder. See Powder.] To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating, grinding, or the like; as, friable substances may be pulverized by grinding or beating, but to pulverize malleable bodies other methods must be pursued.

Pul"ver*ize, v. i. To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; as, the stone pulverizes easily.

Pul"ver*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, pulverizes.

Pul"ver*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. pulvereus, from pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder.] Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.

Pul*ver"u*lence (?), n. The state of being pulverulent; abundance of dust or powder; dustiness.

Pul*ver"u*lent (?), a. [L. pulverulentus, fr. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder: cf. F. pulvÈrulent.] Consisting of, or reducible to, fine powder; covered with dust or powder; powdery; dusty.

Pul"vil (?), n. [It. polviglio, fr. L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder: cf. Sp. polvillo.] A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio. [Written also pulville.] [Obs.] Gay.

Pul"vil, v. t. To apply pulvil to. [Obs.] Congreve.

{ Pul*vil"li*o (?), Pul*vil"lo (?), } n. [See Pulvil.] A kind of perfume in the form of a powder, formerly much used, -- often in little bags.

Smells of incense, ambergris, and pulvillios.

Addison.

||Pul*vil"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvilli (#). [L., a little cushion.] ||(Zoˆl.) One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects.

||Pul*vi"nar (?), n. [L., a cushion.] (Anat.) A prominence on the ||posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.

{ Pul"vi*nate (?), Pul"vi*na`ted (?), } a. [L. pulvinatus, fr. pulvinus a cushion, an elevation.] 1. (Arch.) Curved convexly or swelled; as, a pulvinated frieze. Brande & C.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having the form of a cushion.

Pul*vin"ic (?), a. [From Vulpinic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.

||Pul*vin"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvinuli (#). [L., a little mound.] ||(Zoˆl.) Same as Pulvillus.

Pu"ma (p"m), n. [Peruv. puma.] (Zoˆl.) A large American carnivore (Felis concolor), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the mountains. Its color is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or stripes. Called also catamount, cougar, American lion, mountain lion, and panther or painter.

Pume (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A stint.

Pu"mi*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pumicating.] [L. pumicatus, p. p. of pumicare to pumicate, fr. pumex. See Pumice.] To make smooth with pumice. [R.]

Pum"ice (?), n. [L. pumex, pumicis, prob. akin to spuma foam: cf. AS. pumic- stn. Cf. Pounce a powder, Spume.] (Min.) A very light porous volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice stone.

Pum"iced (?), a. (Far.) Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in which there is a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone and the hoof wall. The disease is called pumiced foot, or pumice foot.

Pu*mi`ceous (?), a. [L. pumiceus.] Of or pertaining to pumice; resembling pumice.

Pum"ice stone` (?). Same as Pumice.

Pu*mic"i*form (?), a. [Pumice + -form.] Resembling, or having the structure of, pumice.

Pum"mace (?), n. Same as Pomace.

Pum"mel (?), n. & v. t. Same as Pommel.

Pump (pmp), n. [Probably so called as being worn for pomp or ornament. See Pomp.] A low shoe with a thin sole. Swift.

Pump, n. [Akin to D. pomp, G. pumpe, F. pompe; of unknown origin.] An hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in a hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves properly placed for admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them by the action of the piston.

for various kinds of pumps, see Air pump, Chain pump, and Force pump; also, under Lifting, Plunger, Rotary, etc.

Circulating pump (Steam Engine), a pump for driving the condensing water through the casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser. -- Pump brake. See Pump handle, below. -- Pump dale. See Dale. -- Pump gear, the apparatus belonging to a pump. Totten. -- Pump handle, the lever, worked by hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump. -- Pump hood, a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a chain pump. -- Pump rod, the rod to which the bucket of a pump is fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston rod. -- Pump room, a place or room at a mineral spring where the waters are drawn and drunk. [Eng.] -- Pump spear. Same as Pump rod, above. -- Pump stock, the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump. -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well.

Pump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumped (pmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. pumping.] 1. To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.

2. To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump; as, they pumped the well dry; to pump a ship.

3. Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.

But pump not me for politics.

Otway.

Pump, v. i. To work, or raise water, a pump.

Pump"age (?), n. That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by pumps.

The pumpage last year amounted to . . . gallons.

Sci. Amer.

Pump"er (?), n. One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in pumping. Boyle.

Pump"er*nick`el (?), n. [G.] A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye, which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but nourishing.

Pum"pet (?), n. A pompet.

Pumpet ball (Print.), a ball for inking types; a pompet.

Pump"ing, a. & n. from pump.

Pumping engine, a steam engine and pump combined for raising water. See Steam engine.

Pump"ion (?), n. (Bot.) See Pumpkin.

Pump"kin (?), n. [For older pompion, pompon, OF. pompon, L. pepo, peponis, Gr. &?;, properly, cooked by the sun, ripe, mellow; -- so called because not eaten till ripe. Cf. Cook, n.] (Bot.) A well-known trailing plant (Cucurbita pepo) and its fruit, -- used for cooking and for feeding stock; a pompion.

Pumpkin seed. (a) The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin. (b) (Zoˆl.) The common pondfish.

Pu"my (?), a. [Cf. Prov. E. pummer big, large, and E. pomey pommel.] Large and rounded. [Obs.]

A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play Amongst the pumy stones.

Spenser.

Pun (?), v. t. [See Pound to beat.] To pound. [Obs.]

He would pun thee into shivers with his fist.

Shak.

Pun, n. [Cf. Pun to pound, Pound to beat.] A play on words which have the same sound but different meanings; an expression in which two different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a kind of quibble or equivocation. Addison.

A better put on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay.

Walpole.

Pun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Punned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punning.] To make puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon words; to quibble. Dryden.

Pun, v. t. To persuade or affect by a pun. Addison.

Punch (?), n. [Hind. pnch five, Skr. pa&?;can. So called because composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and lemon juice. See Five.] A beverage composed of wine or distilled liquor, water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or mint; -- specifically named from the kind of spirit used; as rum punch, claret punch, champagne punch, etc.

Milk punch, a sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc. -- Punch bowl, a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is served. -- Roman punch, a punch frozen and served as an ice.

Punch, n. [Abbrev, fr. punchinello.] The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet show.

Punch and Judy, a puppet show in which a comical little hunchbacked Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his wife Judy.

Punch (?), n. [Prov. E. Cf. Punchy.] 1. A short, fat fellow; anything short and thick.

I . . . did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that is thick and short.

Pepys.

2. One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk punch.

Punch, v. t. [OE. punchen, perhaps the same word as E. punish: or cf. E. bunch.] To thrust against; to poke; as, to punch one with the end of a stick or the elbow.

Punch, n. A thrust or blow. [Colloq.]

Punch, n. [Abbrev. fr. puncheon.] 1. A tool, usually of steel, variously shaped at one end for different uses, and either solid, for stamping or for perforating holes in metallic plates and other substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for cutting out blanks, as for buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like; a die.

2. (Pile Driving) An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a dolly.

3. A prop, as for the roof of a mine.

Bell punch. See under Bell. -- Belt punch (Mach.), a punch, or punch pliers, for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts. -- Punch press. See Punching machine, under Punch, v. i. -- Punch pliers, pliers having a tubular, sharp- edged steel punch attached to one of the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like.

Punch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punching.] [From Punch, n., a tool; cf. F. poinÁonner.] To perforate or stamp with an instrument by pressure, or a blow; as, to punch a hole; to punch ticket.

Punching machine, or Punching press, a machine tool for punching holes in metal or other material; -- called also punch press.

Punch"eon (?), n. [F. poinÁon awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr. L. punctio a pricking, fr. pungere to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Punch a tool, Punction.]

1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.

2. (Carp.) A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; an intermediate stud. Oxf. Gloss.

3. A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made of puncheons. [U.S.] Bartlett.

4. [F. poinÁon, perh. the same as poinÁon an awl.] A cask containing, sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.

Punch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, punches.

Pun"chin (?), n. See Puncheon.

Pun`chi*nel"lo (?), n. [It. pulcinella, probably originally a word of endearment, dim. of pulcina, pulcino, a chicken, from L. pullicenus, pullus. See Pullet.] A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show, a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked. Spectator.

Punch"y (?), a. [Perhaps for paunchy, from paunch. See 3d Punch.] Short and thick, or fat.

{ Punc"ta*ted (?), Punc"ta*ted (?), } a. [From L. punctum point. See Point .] 1. Pointed; ending in a point or points.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute depressions or pits.

Punc*ta"tor (?), n. One who marks with points. specifically, one who writes Hebrew with points; -- applied to a Masorite. E. Robinson.

Punc*tic"u*lar (?), a. Comprised in, or like, a point; exact. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne.

Punc"ti*form (?), a. [L. punctum point + -form.] Having the form of a point.

Punc*til"io (pk*tl"y), n.; pl. Punctilios (- yz). [It. puntiglio, or Sp. puntillo, dim. fr. L. punctum point. See Point, n.] A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding; particularity or exactness in forms; as, the punctilios of a public ceremony.

They will not part with the least punctilio in their opinions and practices.

Fuller.

Punc*til"ious (-ys), a. [Cf. It. puntiglioso, Sp. puntilloso.] Attentive to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, etiquette, or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest particulars. "A punctilious observance of divine laws." Rogers. "Very punctilious copies of any letters." The Nation.

Punctilious in the simple and intelligible instances of common life.

I. Taylor.

-- Punc*til"ious*ly, adv. -- Punc*til"ious*ness, n.

Punc"tion (?), n. [L. punctio, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick: cf. F. ponction. Cf. Puncheon.] A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.

Punc"tist (?), n. A punctator. E. Henderson.

Punc"to (?), n. [See Punto.] 1. A nice point of form or ceremony. Bacon.

2. A term applied to the point in fencing. Farrow.

Punc"tu*al (?), a. [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp. puntual, It. puntuale), from L. punctum point. See Point.] 1. Consisting in a point; limited to a point; unextended. [R.] "This punctual spot." Milton.

The theory of the punctual existence of the soul.

Krauth.

2. Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.

Punctual to tediousness in all that he relates.

Bp. Burnet.

So much on punctual niceties they stand.

C. Pitt.

3. Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an appointed time; precise; prompt; as, a punctual man; a punctual payment. "The race of the undeviating and punctual sun." Cowper.

These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem like the punctual stops counting off our very souls into the past.

J. Martineau.

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Punc"tu*al*ist (?), n. One who is very exact in observing forms and ceremonies. Milton.

Punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctualitÈ.] The quality or state of being punctual; especially, adherence to the exact time of an engagement; exactness.

Punc"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.

Punc"tu*al*ness, n. Punctuality; exactness.

Punc"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punctuating.] [Cf. F. ponctuer. See Punctual.] To mark with points; to separate into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark the proper pauses in expressing the meaning.

Punc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctuation.] (Gram.) The act or art of punctuating or pointing a writing or discourse; the art or mode of dividing literary composition into sentences, and members of a sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning.

Punctuation, as the term is usually understood, is chiefly performed with four points: the period [.], the colon [:], the semicolon [;], and the comma [,]. Other points used in writing and printing, partly rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the note of interrogation [?], the note of exclamation [!], the parentheses [()], the dash [--], and brackets []. It was not until the 16th century that an approach was made to the present system of punctuation by the Manutii of Venice. With Caxton, oblique strokes took the place of commas and periods.

Punc"tu*a*tive (?), a. Of or belonging to points of division; relating to punctuation.

The punctuative intonation of feeble cadence.

Rush.

Punc"tu*a`tor (?), n. One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically, a punctator.

Punc"tu*ist, n. A punctator.

{ Punc"tu*late (?), Punc"tu*la`ted (?), } a. [L. punctulum, dim. of punctum point.] Marked with small spots.

The studs have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with other studs infinitely lesser.

Woodward.

||Punc"tum (?), n. [L., a point.] A point.

||Punctum cÊcum. [L., blind point.] (Anat.) Same as Blind spot, under ||Blind. -- ||Punctum proximum, near point. See under Point. -- ||||Punctum remotum, far point. See under Point. -- ||Punctum ||vegetationis [L., point of vegetation] (Bot.), the terminal cell of a ||stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth originates.

Punc`tu*ra"tion (?), n. The act or process of puncturing. See Acupuncture.

Punc"ture (?), n. [L. punctura, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent.] 1. The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.

2. A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as, the puncture of a nail, needle, or pin.

A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp.

Rambler.

Punc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puncturing.] To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like; to prick; to make a puncture in; as, to puncture the skin.

Punc"tured (?), a. 1. Having the surface covered with minute indentations or dots.

2. (Med.) Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a puncture; as, a punctured wound.

Pun"dit (?), n. [Hind. pandit, Skr. pandita a learned man.] A learned man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and in the science, laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any clerk or native official. [Written also pandit.] [India]

Pun"dle (?), n. [Cf. Bundle.] A short and fat woman; a squab. [Obs.]

Pu"nese (?), n. [F. punaise, fr. punais stinking, fr. L. putere.] (Zoˆl.) A bedbug. [R or Obs.]

Pung (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners. [U.S.]

Sledges or pungs, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted with a large crockery crate.

Judd.

They did not take out the pungs to- day.

E. E. Hale.

Pun"gence (?), n. [See Pungent.] Pungency.

Pun"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pungent or piercing; keenness; sharpness; piquancy; as, the pungency of ammonia. "The pungency of menaces." Hammond.

Pun"gent (?), a. [L. pungens, -entis, p. pr. of pungere, punctum, to prick. Cf. Compunction, Expunge, Poignant, Point, n., Puncheon, Punctilio, Punt, v. t.] 1. Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings; pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice.

Pungent radish biting infant's tongue.

Shenstone.

The pungent grains of titillating dust.

Pope.

2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.

With pungent pains on every side.

Swift.

His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation.

J. R. Green.

3. (Bot.) Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp.

Syn. -- Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; biting; stinging.

Pun"gent*ly, adv. In a pungent manner; sharply.

Pun"gled (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Shriveled or shrunken; -- said especially of grain which has lost its juices from the ravages of insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (Thrips cerealium).

Pung"y (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small sloop or shallop, or a large boat with sails.

Pu"nic (?), a. [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants, fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.

2. Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous; as, Punic faith.

Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to a proverb known.

H. Brooke.

Pu"nice (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Punese. [Obs. or R.]

Pu"nice, v. t. To punish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Pu*ni"ceous (?), Pu*ni"cial (?), } a. [L. puniceus, fr. Punicus Punic.] Of a bright red or purple color. [R.]

Pu"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puny; littleness; pettiness; feebleness.

Pun"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punishing.] [OE. punischen, F. punir, from L. punire, punitum, akin to poena punishment, penalty. See Pain, and -ish.] 1. To impose a penalty upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering for a crime or fault, either with or without a view to the offender's amendment; to cause to suffer in retribution; to chasten; as, to punish traitors with death; a father punishes his child for willful disobedience.

A greater power Now ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned.

Milton.

2. To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay, as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to punish murder or treason with death.

3. To injure, as by beating; to pommel. [Low]

Syn. -- To chastise; castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; discipline. See Chasten.

Pun"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. punissable.] Deserving of, or liable to, punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; -- said of person or offenses.

That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by law as punishable as to be a traitor.

Milton.

-- Pun"ish*a*ble*ness, n.

Pun"ish*er (?), n. One who inflicts punishment.

Pun"ish*ment (?), n. 1. The act of punishing.

2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a crime or offense.

I never gave them condign punishment.

Shak.

The rewards and punishments of another life.

Locke.

3. (Law) A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of reformation and prevention.

Pu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. punitio: cf. F. punition. See Punish.] Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag.

Pu"ni*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice.

If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon man of toiling for his subsistence.

I. Taylor.

We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand.

Bagehot.

Pu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.

God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time both prudential and punitory.

A. Tucker.

Punk (?), n. [Cf. Spunk.] 1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder; touchwood.

2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder; agaric.

3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk.

4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.

||Pun"ka (?), n. [Hind. pankh fan.] A machine for fanning a room, ||usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended ||from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan] ||[Written also punkah.] Malcom.

Pun"kin (?), n. A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.]

Punk"ling (?), n. A young strumpet. [Obs.]

Pun"ner (?), n. A punster. Beau. & Fl.

Pun"net (?), n. [Cf. Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.] A broad, shallow basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.

Pun*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pun + - logy.] The art or practice of punning; paronomasia. [R.] Pope.

Pun"ster (?), n. One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning; a quibbler; a low wit.

Punt (?), v. i. [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point. See Point.] To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.

She heard . . . of his punting at gaming tables.

Thackeray.

Punt, n. Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.

Punt, n. [AS., fr. L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.] (Naut.) A flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow waters.

Punt, v. t. 1. To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a pole against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion. Livingstone.

2. (Football) To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let fall from the hands.

Punt, n. (Football) The act of punting the ball.

Punt"er (?), n.[Cf. F. ponte. See Punt, v. t.] One who punts; specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in baccara and faro. Hoyle.

Punt"er, n. One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.

{ Pun"til (?), Pun"tel (?) }, n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

Pun"to (?), n. [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing) A point or hit.

||Punto diritto [It.], a direct stroke or hit. -- ||Punto reverso [It. ||riverso reverse], a backhanded stroke. Halliwell. "Ah, the immortal ||passado! the punto reverso!" Shak.

Pun"ty (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

Pu"ny (?), a. [Compar. Punier (?); superl. Puniest.] [F. puÓtÈ younger, later born, OF. puisnÈ; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + nÈ born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.] Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.

A puny subject strikes at thy great glory.

Shak.

Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed.

Keble.

Pu"ny (?), n. A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller.

Puoy (?), n. Same as Poy, n., 3.

Pup (?), n. [See Puppy.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a young seal.

Pup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pupped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pupping.] To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.

Pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. Pup&?; (#), E. Pupas (#). [L. pupa girl. doll, puppet, fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any insect in that stage of its metamorphosis which usually immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.

Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no food; in the lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs little from the imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when adult. The term pupa is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in analogous stages of development.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of air- breathing land snails having an elongated spiral shell.

Coarctate, or Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the dried-up skin of the larva, as in many Diptera. -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as in Lepidoptera.

Pu"pal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of a pupa.

Pu"pate (?), v. i. (Zoˆl.) To become a pupa.

Pu*pa"tion (?), n. (Zoˆl.) the act of becoming a pupa.

Pupe (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) A pupa.

Pu*pe"lo (?), n. Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Pu*pig"er*ous, a. [Pupa + - gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing or containing a pupa; -- said of dipterous larvÊ which do not molt when the pupa is formed within them.

Pu"pil (?), n. [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the eye, originally dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a scholar.] (Anat.) The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the eye. See the Note under Eye, and Iris.

Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes is in typhus, or opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole. Dunglison.

Pu"pil, n. [F. pupille, n. masc. & fem., L. pupillus, pupilla, dim. of pupus boy, pupa girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil of the eye.] 1. A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.

Too far in years to be a pupil now.

Shak.

Tutors should behave reverently before their pupils.

L'Estrange.

2. A person under a guardian; a ward. Dryden.

3. (Civil Law) A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female.

Syn. -- Learner; disciple; tyro. -- See Scholar.

Pu"pil*age (?), n. The state of being a pupil.

As sons of kings, loving in pupilage, Have turned to tyrants when they came to power.

Tennyson.

Pu`pil*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pupillaritÈ. See Pupillary.] (Scots Law) The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males, and twelve in females.

Pu"pil*la*ry (?), a. [L. pupillaris: cf. F. pupillaire. See Pupil.] 1. Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward. Johnson.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.

Pu`pil*lom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pupilla pupil of the eye + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the pupil of the eye.

||Pu*pip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupiparous.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ||Diptera in which the young are born in a stage like the pupa. It ||includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also ||Homaloptera.

Pu*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. parere to bring forth.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Bearing, or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larvÊ, or larval skins, of certain Diptera. (b) Of or pertaining to the Pupipara.

||Pu*piv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupivorous.] (Zoˆl.) A group of ||parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon flies, which destroy ||the larvÊ and pupÊ of insects.

Pu*piv"o*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding on the pupÊ of insects.

Pup"li*can (?), n. Publican. [Obs.]

Pup"pet (?), n. [OE. popet, OF. poupette; akin to F. poupÈe a doll, probably from L. puppa, pupa, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. Poupeton, Pupa, Pupil, Puppy.] [Written also poppet.] 1. A small image in the human form; a doll.

<! p. 1164 !>

2. A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a marionette; a wooden actor in a play.

At the pipes of some carved organ move, The gilded puppets dance.

Pope.

3. One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so used in contempt. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Mach.) The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a lathe.

Puppet master. Same as Puppetman. -- Puppet play, a puppet show. -- Puppet player, one who manages the motions of puppets. -- Puppet show, a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires. -- Puppet valve, a valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat, and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel with it, -- used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge is often beveled, and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the valve is closed. See the valves shown in Illusts. of Plunger pump, and Safety valve, under Plunger, and Safety.

Pup"pet*ish (?), a. Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of the nature of a puppet.

Pup"pet*man (?), n. A master of a puppet show.

Pup"pet*ry (?), n. Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet, or puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.

Puppetry of the English laws of divorce.

Chambers.

Pup"py (?), n.; pl. Puppies (#). [F. poupÈe doll, puppet. See Puppet, and cf. Pup, n.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a whelp.

2. A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent person.

I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money bag under each arm.

Addison.

Pup"py, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puppied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puppying.] To bring forth whelps; to pup.

Pup"py*hood (?), n. The time or state of being a puppy; the time of being young and undisciplined.

Pup"py*ish, a. Like a puppy.

Pup"py*ism (?), n. Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or impudence. A. Chalmers.

Pur (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purring.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also purr.]

Pur, v. t. To signify or express by purring. Gray.

Pur, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment or pleasure. [Written also purr.]

||Pu*ra"na (?), n. [Skr. pur&?;, properly. old, ancient, fr. pur ||formerly.] One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the ||Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and ||renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and ||heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their ||descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there ||are the same number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas.

Pu*ran"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Puranas.

Pur"beck beds` (?). [So called from the Isle of Purbeck in England.] (Geol.) The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone, belonging to the Oˆlitic group. See the Chart of Geology.

Pur"beck stone` (?). (Geol.) A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in England.

Pur"blind` (?), a. [For pure- blind, i. e., wholly blind. See Pure, and cf. Poreblind.] 1. Wholly blind. "Purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight." Shak.

2. Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye; a purblind mole.

The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be purblindand sand-blind.

Latimer.

O purblind race of miserable men.

Tennyson.

-- Pur"blind`ly, adv. -- Pur"blind`ness, n.

Purce"lane (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Obs.]

Pur"chas*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.

Money being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to the price of things exchanged.

Locke.

Pur"chase (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purchasing.] [OE. purchasen, porchacen, OF. porchacier, purchacier, to pursue, to seek eagerly, F. pourchasser; OF. pour, por, pur, for (L. pro) + chacier to pursue, to chase. See Chase.] 1. To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire. Chaucer.

That loves the thing he can not purchase.

Spenser.

Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so removed a dwelling.

Shak.

His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased.

Shak.

2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; as, to purchase land, or a house.

The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth.

Gen. xxv. 10.

3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.; as, to purchase favor with flattery.

One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand thousand friends.

Shak.

A world who would not purchase with a bruise?

Milton.

4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.]

Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses.

Shak.

5. (Law) (a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance. Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price.

6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to purchase a cannon.

Pur"chase, v. i. 1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's self. [Obs.]

Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders should have his daughter in marriage.

Ld. Berners.

2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.]

Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast.

J. Webster.

Pur"chase (?; 48), n. [OE. purchds, F. pourchas eager pursuit. See Purchase, v. t.] 1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. [Obs.]

I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase.

Beau. & Fl.

2. The act of seeking and acquiring property.

3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.

It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.

Franklin.

4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson.

We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small vessels of Golconda.

De Foe.

A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase of his lustful eye.

Shak.

5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. "The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase." Wheaton.

6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is gained.

A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our workmen call a purchase.

Burke.

7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone.

Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Purchase money, the money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley. -- Worth, or At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a day's purchase in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril.

Pur"chas*er (?), n. 1. One who purchases; one who acquires property for a consideration, generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.

2. (Law) One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than by descent or inheritance.

Pur"dah (?), n. [Per. parda a curtain.] A curtain or screen; also, a cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains. McElrath.

Pure (?), a. [Compar. Purer (?); superl. Purest.] [OE. pur, F. pur, fr. L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune, set in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p&?; to clean, and perh. E. fire. Cf. Putative.] 1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, pure water; pure clay; pure air; pure compassion.

The pure fetters on his shins great.

Chaucer.

A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy.

I. Watts.

2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless; chaste; -- applied to persons. "Keep thyself pure." 1 Tim. v. 22.

Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience.

1 Tim. i. 5.

3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine; real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. "Pure religion and impartial laws." Tickell. "The pure, fine talk of Rome." Ascham.

Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that ancient or modern history records.

Macaulay.

4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.

Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table before the Lord.

Lev. xxiv. 6.

5. (Phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some vowels and the unaspirated consonants.

Pure-impure, completely or totally impure. "The inhabitants were pure-impure pagans." Fuller. -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue, under Methylene. -- Pure chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Pure mathematics, that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles of the science, or contradistinction to applied mathematics, which treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life. See Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure villenage (Feudal Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy.

Pured (?), a. Purified; refined. [Obs.] "Bread of pured wheat." "Pured gold." Chaucer.

||Pu`rÈe" (?), n. [F.] A dish made by boiling any article of food to a ||pulp and rubbing it through a sieve; as, a purÈe of fish, or of ||potatoes; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.

Pure"ly (?), adv. 1. In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).

2. Nicely; prettily. [Archaic] Halliwell.

Pure"ness, n. The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).

Pur"file (?), n. [See Purfle.] A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel and thread for women's gowns; -- called also bobbinwork. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Pur"fle (?), v. t. [OF. pourfiler; pour for + fil a thread, L. filum. See Profile, and cf. Purl a border.] 1. To decorate with a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; to ornament with metallic threads; as, to purfle with blue and white. P. Plowman.

A goodly lady clad in scarlet red, Purfled with gold and pearl of rich assay.

Spenser.

2. (Her.) To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like; also, with gold studs or mountings.

{ Pur"fle (?), Pur"flew (?), } n. 1. A hem, border., or trimming, as of embroidered work.

2. (Her.) A border of any heraldic fur.

Pur"fled (?), a. Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the edges.

Purfled work (Arch.), delicate tracery, especially in Gothic architecture.

Pur"fling (?), n. Ornamentation on the border of a thing; specifically, the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.

Pur"ga*ment (?), n. [L. purgamentum offscourings, washings, expiatory sacrifice. See Purge.] 1. That which is excreted; excretion. [Obs.]

2. (Med.) A cathartic; a purgative. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. purgatio: cf. F. purgation. See Purge.] 1. The act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying, by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous; the evacuation of the bowels.

2. (Law) The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was publicly suspected and accused. It was either canonical, which was prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear of the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors with him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or vulgar, which was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See Ordeal. Wharton.

Let him put me to my purgation.

Shak.

Pur"ga*tive (?), a. [L. purgativus: cf. F. purgatif.] Having the power or quality of purging; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purging medicine; a cathartic.

Pur"ga*tive*ly, adv. In a purgative manner.

{ Pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), Pur`ga*to"ri*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to purgatory; expiatory.

Pur`ga*to"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory. Boswell.

Pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse; cleansing; expiatory. Burke.

Pur"ga*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. purgatoire.] A state or place of purification after death; according to the Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a state believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are purified by expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of God for sins that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven.

Purge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purging (?).] [F. purger, L. purgare; purus pure + agere to make, to do. See Pure, and Agent.] 1. To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or superfluous. "Till fire purge all things new." Milton.

2. (Med.) To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or in a similar manner.

3. To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.

4. To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by driving off or permitting escape.

5. To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as, to purge one of guilt or crime.

When that he hath purged you from sin.

Chaucer.

Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean.

Ps. li. 7.

6. (Law) To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.

7. To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often followed by away.

Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake.

Ps. lxxix. 9.

We 'll join our cares to purge away Our country's crimes.

Addison.

Purge, v. i. 1. To become pure, as by clarification.

2. To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by means of a cathartic.

Purge, n. [Cf. F. purge. See Purge, v. t.] 1. The act of purging.

The preparative for the purge of paganism of the kingdom of Northumberland.

Fuller.

2. That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the intestines; a cathartic. Arbuthnot.

Pur"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, purges or cleanses; especially, a cathartic medicine.

Pur"ger*y (?), n. The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is drained off from the sugar.

Pur"ging (?), a. That purges; cleansing.

Purging flax (Bot.), an annual European plant of the genus Linum (L. catharticum); dwarf wild flax; -- so called from its use as a cathartic medicine.

Pur"ging, n. (Med.) The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations; especially, diarrhea.

Pur"i (?), n. (Chem.) See Euxanthin.

Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [F. purification, L. purificatio. See Purify.] 1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or of metals.

2. The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement.

When the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished.

Luke ii. 22.

3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.

Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. purificatif.] Having power to purify; tending to cleanse. [R.]

Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.

Pu*rif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. purificatorius.] Serving or tending to purify; purificative.

Pu"ri*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a cleanser; a refiner.

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Pu"ri*form (p"r*fÙrm), a. [L. pus, puris, pus + -form: cf. F. puriforme.] (Med.) In the form of pus.

Pu"ri*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purifying (?).] [F. purifier, L. purificare; purus pure + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Pure, and -fy.] 1. To make pure or clear from material defilement, admixture, or imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; as, to purify liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air.

2. Hence, in figurative uses: (a) To free from guilt or moral defilement; as, to purify the heart.

And fit them so Purified to receive him pure.

Milton.

(b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement.

And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, . . . and purified the altar.

Lev. viii. 15.

Purify both yourselves and your captives.

Num. xxxi. 19.

(c) To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a language. Sprat.

Pu"ri*fy, v. i. To grow or become pure or clear.

||Pu"rim (?), n. [Heb. pr, pl. prm, a lot.] A Jewish festival, called ||also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of ||the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26.

Pur"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. purisme.] Rigid purity; the quality of being affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language; over-solicitude as to purity. "His political purism." De Quincey.

The English language, however, . . . had even already become too thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of purism to be admitted to the letter.

Craik.

Pur"ist, n. [Cf. F. puriste.] 1. One who aims at excessive purity or nicety, esp. in the choice of language.

He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to any purist.

Macaulay.

2. One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek. M. Stuart.

{ Pu*ris"tic (?), Pu*ris"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to purists or purism.

Pu"ri*tan (?), n. [From Purity.] 1. (Eccl. Hist.) One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts, opposed traditional and formal usages, and advocated simpler forms of faith and worship than those established by law; -- originally, a term of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the early population of New England.

The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political Puritans, Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline. Hume.

2. One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.

She would make a puritan of the devil.

Shak.

Pu"ri*tan, a. Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or characteristic of, the Puritans.

{ Pu`ri*tan"ic (?), Pu`ri*tan"ic*al (?), } a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice.

2. Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt.

Paritanical circles, from which plays and novels were strictly excluded.

Macaulay.

He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil.

Hawthorne.

Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. In a puritanical manner.

Pu"ri*tan*ism (?), n. The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.

Pu"ri*tan*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puritanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puritanizing (?).] To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of Puritans; to conform to the practice of Puritans. Bp. Montagu.

Pu"ri*ty (?), n. [OE. purete, purte, OF. purtÈ, F. puretÈ, from L. puritas, fr. purus pure. See Pure.] The condition of being pure. Specifically: (a) freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; as, the purity of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals. (b) Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt. "The purity of a linen vesture." Holyday. (c) Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; chastity; as, purity of heart or of life. (d) Freedom from any sinister or improper motives or views. (e) Freedom from foreign idioms, or from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, purity of style.

Pur"kin*je's cells` (?). [From J. E. Purkinje, their discoverer.] (Anat.) Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the cerebellum.

Purl (?), v. t. [Contr. fr. purfile, purfle. See Purfle.] To decorate with fringe or embroidery. "Nature's cradle more enchased and purled." B. Jonson.

Purl, n. 1. An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.

A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl and pearl.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a ribbed or waved appearance.

Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2.

Purl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purling.] [Cf. Sw. porla, and E. pur to murmur as a cat.] 1. To run swiftly round, as a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as water does in running over or through obstructions.

Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder purl the falling rills.

Pope.

2. [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.] To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle.

thin winding breath which purled up to the sky.

Shak.

Purl, n. [See 3d Purl.] 1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple.

Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow, Which on the sparkling gravel runs in purles, As though the waves had been of silver curls.

Drayton.

2. A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among obstructions; as, the purl of a brook.

3. [Perh. from F. perler, v. See Purl to mantle.] Malt liquor, medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices. "Drank a glass of purl to recover appetite." Addison. "Drinking hot purl, and smoking pipes." Dickens.

4. (Zoˆl.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

Pur"lieu (?), n. [Corrupted (by influence of lieu place) fr. OF. puralÈe, poralÈe (equiv. to LL. perambulatio a survey of boundaries, originally, a going through); por (L. pro, confused, however, with L. per through) + alÈe. See Pro-, and Alley.] [Written also pourlieu.] 1. Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.

Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied In some purlieu two gentle fawns at play.

Milton.

2. Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district; environs; neighborhood. "The purlieus of St. James."

brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the purlieus of the court.

Macaulay.

{ Pur"lin, Pur"line } (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Arch.) In root construction, a horizontal member supported on the principals and supporting the common rafters.

Purl"ing (?), n. [See 3d Purl.] The motion of a small stream running among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing.

Pur*loin" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purloined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purloining.] [OF. purloignier, porloignier, to retard, delay; pur, por, pour, for (L. pro) + loin far, far off (L. longe). See Prolong, and cf. Eloign.] To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take by theft; to filch.

Had from his wakeful custody purloined The guarded gold.

Milton.

when did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin ?

Dryden.

Pur*loin", v. i. To practice theft; to steal. Titus ii. 10.

Pur*loin"er (?), n. One who purloins. Swift.

Pur"par`ty (?), n. [OF. pourpartie; pour for + partie a part; cf. OF. purpart a respective part.] (Law) A share, part, or portion of an estate allotted to a coparcener. [Written also purpart, and pourparty.]

I am forced to eat all the game of your purparties, as well as my own thirds.

Walpole.

Pur"ple (?), n.; pl. Purples (#). [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre, porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr. Gr. &?; the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. &?; dark (said of the sea), purple, &?; to grow dark (said of the sea), to be troubled; perh. akin to L. furere to rage, E. fury: cf. AS. purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.] 1. A color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a combination of the primary colors red and blue.

Arraying with reflected purple and gold The clouds that on his western throne attend.

Milton.

The ancient words which are translated purple are supposed to have been used for the color we call crimson. In the gradations of color as defined in art, purple is a mixture of red and blue. When red predominates it is called violet, and when blue predominates, hyacinth.

2. Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially, a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial dignity; as, to put on the imperial purple.

Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and purple, and scarlet.

Ex. xxvi. 1.

3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth. "He was born in the purple." Gibbon.

4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal.

5. (Zoˆl.) Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with purple or blue, of the genus Basilarchia (formerly Limenitis) as, the banded purple (B. arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula.

6. (Zoˆl.) Any shell of the genus Purpura.

7. pl.(Med.) See Purpura.

8. pl. A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle.

Purple is sometimes used in composition, esp. with participles forming words of obvious signification; as, purple- colored, purple-hued, purple-stained, purple- tinged, purple-tinted, and the like.

French purple. (Chem.) Same as Cudbear. -- Purple of Cassius. See Cassius. -- Purple of mollusca (Zoˆl.), a coloring matter derived from certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson color, and is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye. It is obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura, and Murex. -- To be born in the purple, to be of princely birth; to be highborn.

Pur"ple, a. 1. Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much esteemed for its richness and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue color; as, a purple robe.

2. Imperial; regal; -- so called from the color having been an emblem of imperial authority.

Hide in the dust thy purple pride.

Shelley.

3. Blood-red; bloody.

May such purple tears be alway shed.

Shak.

I view a field of blood, And Tiber rolling with a purple blood.

Dryden.

Purple bird (Zoˆl.), the European purple gallinule. See under Gallinule. -- Purple copper ore. (Min.) See Bornite. -- Purple grackle (Zoˆl.), the crow blackbird. See under Crow. -- Purple martin. See under Martin. -- Purple sandpiper. See under Sandpiper. -- Purple shell. See Ianthina.

Pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purpling.] To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; as, hands purpled with blood.

When morn Purples the east.

Milton.

Reclining soft in blissful bowers, Purpled sweet with springing flowers.

Fenton.

Pur"ple*heart` (?), n. (Bot.) A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a purplish color, obtained from several tropical American leguminous trees of the genus Copaifera (Copaifera pubiflora, Copaifera bracteata, and Copaifera officinalis). Used for decorative veneering. See Copaiba.

Pur"ple*wood` (?), n. Same as Purpleheart.

Pur"plish (?), a. Somewhat purple. Boyle.

Pur"port (?), n. [OF. purport; pur, pour, for (L. pro) + porter to bear, carry. See Port demeanor.]

1. Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor.

The whole scope and purport of that dialogue. Norris. With a look so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell.

Shak.

2. Disguise; covering. [Obs.]

For she her sex under that strange purport Did use to hide.

Spenser.

Pur"port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purported; p. pr. & vb. n. Purporting.] [OF. purporter, pourporter. See Purport, n.] To intend to show; to intend; to mean; to signify; to import; -- often with an object clause or infinitive.

They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded Matter which little purported.

Rowe.

Pur"port*less, a. Without purport or meaning.

Pur"pose (?), n. [OF. purpos, pourpos, propos, L. propositum. See Propound.] 1. That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is directed in any plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design; intention; plan.

He will his firste purpos modify.

Chaucer.

As my eternal purpose hath decreed.

Milton.

The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it.

Shak.

2. Proposal to another; discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Instance; example. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

In purpose, Of purpose, On purpose, with previous design; with the mind directed to that object; intentionally. On purpose is the form now generally used.

Syn. -- design; end; intention; aim. See Design.

Pur"pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purposing.] [OF. purposer, proposer. See Propose.] 1. To set forth; to bring forward. [Obs.]

2. To propose, as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some end or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; -- often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause. Chaucer.

Did nothing purpose against the state.

Shak.

I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of King James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of men still living.

Macaulay.

Pur"pose, v. i. To have a purpose or intention; to discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pur"posed*ly (?), adv. In a purposed manner; according to purpose or design; purposely.

A poem composed purposedly of the Trojan war. Holland.

Pur"pose*ful (?), a. Important; material. "Purposeful accounts." Tylor. -- Pur"pose*ful*ly, adv.

Pur"pose*less, a. Having no purpose or result; objectless. Bp. Hall. -- Pur"pose*less*ness, n.

Pur"pose*ly, adv. With purpose or design; intentionally; with predetermination; designedly.

In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and displeasing truths.

Atterbury.

So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng By chance go right, they purposely go wrong.

Pope.

Pur"pos*er (?), n. 1. One who brings forward or proposes anything; a proposer. [Obs.]

2. One who forms a purpose; one who intends.

Pur"po*sive (?), a. Having or indicating purpose or design. "Purposive characters." Bastian.

Purposive modification of structure in a bone.

Owen.

It is impossible that the frog should perform actions morepurposive than these.

Huxley.

Pur"pre (?), n. & a. Purple. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pur*pres"ture (?), n. [Probably corrupted (see Prest) fr. OF. pourprisure, fr. pourprendre: cf. LL. purprestura. Cf. Purprise.] (Law) Wrongful encroachment upon another's property; esp., any encroachment upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or public, as highways, rivers, harbors, forts, etc. [Written also pourpresture.]

Pur"prise (?), n. [OF. pourpris,fr. pourprendre to take away entirely; pour for + prendre to take.] A close or inclosure; the compass of a manor. Bacon.

||Pur"pu*ra (?), n. [L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. purpura. See ||Purple.] 1. (Med.) A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin ||from extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the ||limbs, and mental dejection; the purples. Dunglison.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough and thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye.

Pur"pu*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to purpura.

Pur"pu*rate, n. (Chem.) A salt of purpuric acid.

Pur"pure (?), n. [L. purpura purple. See Purple.] (Her.) Purple, -- represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining from the right top to the left base of the escutcheon (or from sinister chief to dexter base).

Pur*pu"re*al (?), a. Of a purple color; purple.

Pur*pu"re*o- (?). A combining form signifying of a purple or purple-red color. Specif. (Chem.), used in designating certain brilliant purple-red compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia, similar to the roseocobaltic compounds. See Cobaltic.

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Pur*pu"ric (?), a. [Cf. F. purpurique.]

1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to purpura. Dunglison.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to or designating, a nitrogenous acid contained in uric acid. It is not known in the pure state, but forms well-known purple-red compounds (as murexide), whence its name.

Purpuric acid was formerly used to designate murexan. See Murexan.

Pur"pu*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in madder root, and extracted as an orange or red crystalline substance.

Pur`pu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + parere to produce.] (Biol.) Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion; as, the purpuriparous gland of certain gastropods.

Pur`pu*rog"e*nous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + -genous.] (Biol.) Having the power to produce a purple color; as, the purpurogenous membrane, or choroidal epithelium, of the eye. See Visual purple, under Visual.

Purr (?), v. i. & t. To murmur as a cat. See Pur.

Purr, n. The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See Pur.

Purre (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The dunlin. [Prov. Eng.]

Pur"ree (?), n. [Hind. peori yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow coloring matter. See Euxanthin.

Pur"rock (?), n. See Puddock, and Parrock.

Purse (?), n. [OE. purs, pors, OF. burse, borse, bourse, F. bourse, LL. bursa, fr. Gr. &?; hide, skin, leather. Cf. Bourse, Bursch, Bursar, Buskin.] 1. A small bag or pouch, the opening of which is made to draw together closely, used to carry money in; by extension, any receptacle for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook; a portemonnaie. Chaucer.

Who steals my purse steals trash.

Shak.

2. Hence, a treasury; finances; as, the public purse.

3. A sum of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present; as, to win the purse; to make up a purse.

4. A specific sum of money; as: (a) In Turkey, the sum of 500 piasters. (b) In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans.

Light purse, or Empty purse, poverty or want of resources. -- Long purse, or Heavy purse, wealth; riches. -- Purse crab (Zoˆl.), any land crab of the genus Birgus, allied to the hermit crabs. They sometimes weigh twenty pounds or more, and are very strong, being able to crack cocoanuts with the large claw. They chiefly inhabit the tropical islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, living in holes and feeding upon fruit. Called also palm crab. -- Purse net, a fishing net, the mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse. Mortimer. -- Purse pride, pride of money; insolence proceeding from the possession of wealth. Bp. Hall. -- Purse rat. (Zoˆl.) See Pocket gopher, under Pocket. -- Sword and purse, the military power and financial resources of a nation.

Purse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pursing.] 1. To put into a purse.

I will go and purse the ducats straight.

Shak.

2. To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a purse; to pucker; to knit.

Thou . . . didst contract and purse thy brow.

Shak.

Purse, v. i. To steal purses; to rob. [Obs. & R.]

I'll purse: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys.

Beau. & Fl.

Purse"ful (?), n.; pl. Pursefuls (&?;). All that is, or can be, contained in a purse; enough to fill a purse.

Purse"-proud` (?), a. Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the possession of riches.

Purs"er (?), n. [See Purse, and cf. Bursar.]

1. (Naut.) A commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the provisions, clothing, and public moneys on shipboard; -- now called paymaster.

2. A clerk on steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets, etc.

3. Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier.

Purser's name (Naut.), a false name. [Slang]

Purs"er*ship, n. The office of purser. Totten.

Purs"et (?), n. A purse or purse net. B. Jonson.

Pur"si*ness (?), n. State of being pursy.

Pur"sive (?), a. Pursy. [Obs.] Holland.

Pur"sive*ness, n. Pursiness. [Obs. & R.]

Purs"lain (?), n. Same as Purslane.

Purs"lane (?), n. [OF. porcelaine, pourcelaine (cf. It. porcellana), corrupted fr. L. porcilaca for portulaca.] (Bot.) An annual plant (Portulaca oleracea), with fleshy, succulent, obovate leaves, sometimes used as a pot herb and for salads, garnishing, and pickling.

Flowering purslane, or Great flowered purslane, the Portulaca grandiflora. See Portulaca. -- Purslane tree, a South African shrub (Portulacaria Afra) with many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves. -- Sea purslane, a seashore plant (Arenaria peploides) with crowded opposite fleshy leaves. -- Water purslane, an aquatic plant (Ludwiqia palustris) but slightly resembling purslane.

Pur*su"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or fit to be, pursued, followed, or prosecuted. Sherwood.

Pur*su"al (?), n. The act of pursuit. [R.]

Pur*su"ance (?), n. [See Pursuant.] 1. The act of pursuing or prosecuting; a following out or after.

Sermons are not like curious inquiries after new nothings, but pursuances of old truths.

Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being pursuant; consequence.

In pursuance of, in accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of.

Pur*su"ant (?), a. [From Pursue: cf. OE. poursuiant. Cf. Pursuivant.] Acting in consequence or in prosecution (of anything); hence, agreeable; conformable; following; according; -- with to or of.

The conclusion which I draw from these premises, pursuant to the query laid down, is, etc.

Waterland.

{ Pur*su"ant, Pur*su"ant*ly, } adv. Agreeably; conformably.

Pur*sue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pursuing.] [OE. pursuen, porsuen, OF. porsivre, poursuivre, poursuir, F. poursuivre, fr. L. prosequi; pro forward + sequi to follow. See Sue, and cf. Prosecute, Pursuivant.] 1. To follow with a view to overtake; to follow eagerly, or with haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare.

We happiness pursue; we fly from pain.

Prior.

The happiness of men lies in purswing, Not in possessing.

Longfellow.

2. To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; as, to pursue a remedy at law.

The fame of ancient matrons you pursue.

Dryden.

3. To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to go in; as, Captain Cook pursued a new route; the administration pursued a wise course.

4. To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue. " Insatiate to pursue vain war." Milton.

5. To follow as an example; to imitate.

6. To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.

The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have pursued me, they shall pursue you also.

Wyclif (John xv. 20).

Syn. -- To follow; chase; seek; persist. See Follow.

Pur*sue", v. i. 1. To go in pursuit; to follow.

The wicked flee when no man pursueth.

Prov. xxviii. 1.

Men hotly pursued after the objects of their ambition.

Earle.

2. To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to continue.

[A Gallicism]

I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.

Boyle.

3. (Law) To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act as a prosecutor. Burrill.

Pur*su"er (?), n. 1. One who pursues or chases; one who follows in haste, with a view to overtake.

2. (Eccl. & Scots Law) A plaintiff; a prosecutor.

Pur*suit" (?), n. [F. poursuite, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, v. t.] 1. The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste, either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon.

Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit.

Shak.

2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor to attain to or gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of happiness or pleasure.

3. Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit.

4. (Law) Prosecution. [Obs.]

That pursuit for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to the spiritual court.

Fuller.

Curve of pursuit (Geom.), a curve described by a point which is at each instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving according to some specified law.

Pur"sui*vant (?), n. [F. poursuivant, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, and cf. Pursuant.] [Written also poursuivant.] 1. (Heralds' College) A functionary of lower rank than a herald, but discharging similar duties; -- called also pursuivant at arms; an attendant of the heralds. Also used figuratively.

The herald Hope, forerunning Fear, And Fear, the pursuivant of Hope.

Longfellow.

2. The king's messenger; a state messenger.

One pursuivant who attempted to execute a warrant there was murdered.

Macaulay.

Pur"sui*vant, v. t. To pursue. [Obs. & R.]

Their navy was pursuivanted after with a horrible tempest.

Fuller.

Pur"sy (?), a. [OF. pourcif, poulsif, poussif, fr. pousser to push, thrust, heave, OF. also poulser: cf. F. pousse the heaves, asthma. See Push.] Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with pampering; as, pursy insolence. Shak.

Pursy important he sat him down.

Sir W. Scot.

Pur"te*nance (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. appurtenance.] That which pertains or belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an animal. [Obs.] " The purtenaunces of purgatory." Piers Plowman.

Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the purtenance [Rev. Ver., inwards] thereof.

Ex. xii. 9.

{ Pu"ru*lence (?), Pu"ru*len*cy (?), } n. [L. purulentia: cf. F. purulence.] (Med.) The quality or state of being purulent; the generation of pus; also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot.

Pu"ru*lent (?), a. [L. purulentus, fr. pus, puris, pus, matter: cf. F. purulent. See Pus.] (Med.) Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; as, purulent inflammation.

Pu"ru*lent*ly, v. In a purulent manner.

{ Pur"ve*ance (?), Pur"vei*aunce` (?) }, n. Purveyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pur*vey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purveyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purveying.] [OE. purveien, porveien, OF. porveeir, porveoir, F. pourvoir, fr. L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] 1. To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like.

Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before that bloody day.

Spenser.

2. To procure; to get.

I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of Benjamin.

Sir W. Scot.

Pur*vey", v. i. 1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision. Chaucer. Milton.

2. To pander; -- with to. " Their turpitude purveys to their malice." [R.] Burke.

Pur*vey"ance (?), n. [Cf. F. pourvoyance.] 1. The act or process of providing or procuring; providence; foresight; preparation; management. Chaucer.

The ill purveyance of his page.

Spenser.

2. That which is provided; provisions; food.

3. (Eng. Law) A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long been abolished. Wharton.

Pur*vey"or (?), n. [OE. porveour, OF. pourveor, F. pourvoyeur. See Purvey, and cf. Proveditor.] 1. One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision for the table; a victualer; a caterer.

2. An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the king's household. [Eng.]

3. a procurer; a pimp; a bawd. Addison.

Pur"view (?), n. [OF. purveu, pourveu, F. pourvu, provided, p. p. of OF. porveoir, F. pourvoir. See Purvey, View, and cf. Proviso.] 1. (a) (Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with " Be it enacted, " as distinguished from the preamble. Cowell. (b) Hence: The limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or provisions. Marshall.

Profanations within the purview of several statutes.

Bacon.

2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.

In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects within the purview of that authority.

Madison.

Pus (?), n. [L., akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and to E. foul: cf. F. pus. See Foul, a.] (Med.) The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by the process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated cells floating in a clear liquid.

Pu"sane (?), n. (Anc. Armor) A piece of armor for the breast; often, an addition to, or reÎnforcement of. the breastplate; -- called also pesane.

Pu"sey*ism (?), n. (Ch. of Eng.) The principles of Dr. Pusey and others at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp. in a series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for the Times;" tractarianism. See Tractarianism.

{ Pu"sey*is"tic (?), Pu"sey*ite (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Puseyism.

Pu"sey*ite, n. One who holds the principles of Puseyism; -- often used opprobriously.

Push (?), n. [Probably F. poche. See Pouch.] A pustule; a pimple. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bacon.

Push, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pushing.] [OE. possen, pussen, F. pousser, fr. L. pulsare, v. intens. fr. pellere, pulsum, to beat, knock, push. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pursy.] 1. To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to draw.

Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat.

Milton.

2. To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.

If the ox shall push a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox shall be stoned.

Ex. xxi. 32.

3. To press or urge forward; to drive; to push an objection too far. " To push his fortune." Dryden.

Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor to the actor.

Spectator.

We are pushed for an answer.

Swift.

4. To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass.

5. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.

To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse.

Push, v. i. 1. To make a thrust; to shove; as, to push with the horns or with a sword. Shak.

2. To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man must push in order to succeed.

At the time of the end shall the kind of the south push at him and the king of the north shall come against him.

Dan. xi. 40.

War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length Both sides resolved to push, we tried our strength.

Dryden.

3. To burst pot, as a bud or shoot.

To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten.

The rider pushed on at a rapid pace.

Sir W. Scott.

Push, n. 1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.

2. Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove; as, to give the ball the first push.

3. An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or occasion for action.

Exact reformation is not perfected at the first push.

Milton.

When it comes to the push, 'tis no more than talk.

L' Estrange.

4. The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has push, or he has no push.

[Colloq.]

Syn. -- See Thrust.

Push"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pushes.

Push"ing, a. Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive. -- Push"ing*ly, adv.

Push"pin` (?), n. A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange.

Pu"sil (?), a. [L. pusillus very little.] Very small; little; petty. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. pusillanimitas: cf. F. pusillanimitÈ.] The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of spirit; cowardliness.

The badge of pusillanimity and cowardice.

Shak.

It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . . pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility.

South.

Syn. -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.

Pu`sil*lan"i*mous (?), a. [L. pusillanimis; pusillus very little (dim. of pusus a little boy; cf. puer a boy, E. puerile) + animus the mind: cf. F. pusillanime. See Animosity.] 1. Destitute of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind; of weak spirit; mean- spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of persons, as, a pusillanimous prince.

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2. Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of courage; feeble; as, pusillanimous counsels. "A low and pusillanimous spirit." Burke.

Syn. -- Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited; fainthearted; timid; weak; feeble.

Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly (p`sl*ln"*ms*l), adv. With pusillanimity.

Pus"ley (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Colloq. U. S]

Puss (ps), n. [Cf. D. poes, Ir. & Gael. pus.] 1. A cat; - - a fondling appellation.

2. A hare; -- so called by sportsmen.

Puss in the corner, a game in which all the players but one occupy corners of a room, or certain goals in the open air, and exchange places, the one without a corner endeavoring to get a corner while it is vacant, leaving some other without one. -- Puss moth (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of stout bombycid moths belonging to Cerura, Harpyia, and allied genera, esp. Harpyia vinuli, of Europe. The larvÊ are humpbacked, and have two caudal appendages.

Pussy (?), n. [Dim. of puss.] 1. A pet name for a cat; also, an endearing name for a girl.

2. A catkin of the pussy willow.

3. The game of tipcat; -- also called pussy cat.

Pussy willow (Bot.), any kind of willow having large cylindrical catkins clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American Salix discolor; -- called also glaucous willow, and swamp willow.

Pus"sy (?), a. See Pursy. [Colloq. or Low]

Pus"tu*lant (?; 135), a. [L. pustulans, p. pr. See Pustulate, v. t.] (Med.) Producing pustules. -- n. A medicine that produces pustules, as croton oil.

Pus"tu*lar (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to pustules; as, pustular prominences; pustular eruptions.

2. Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate.

Pus"tu*late (?), v. t. [L. pustulatus, p. p. of pustulare to blister, fr. pustula. See Pustule.] To form into pustules, or blisters.

{ Pus"tu*late (?), Pus"tu*la`ted (?), } a. Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustular; pustulous; as, a pustulate leaf; a pustulate shell or coral.

Pus*tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. pustulatio.] The act of producing pustules; the state of being pustulated.

Pus"tule (?; 135), n. [L. pustula, and pusula: cf. F. pustule.] (Med.) A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base, containing pus.

Malignant pustule. See under Malignant.

Pus"tu*lous (?), a. [L. pustulosus, fr. pustula a pustule: cf. F. pustuleux.] Resembling, or covered with, pustules; pustulate; pustular.

Put (?), n. [See Pit.] A pit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Put, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Put, contracted from putteth. Chaucer.

Put (?), n. [Cf. W. pwt any short thing, pwt o ddyn a squab of a person, pwtog a short, thick woman.] A rustic; a clown; an awkward or uncouth person.

Queer country puts extol Queen Bess's reign.

Bramston.

What droll puts the citizens seem in it all.

F. Harrison.

Put (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Put; p. pr. & vb. n. Putting.] [AS. potian to thrust: cf. Dan. putte to put, to put into, Fries. putje; perh. akin to W. pwtio to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. put to push, thrust, and E. potter, v. i.] 1. To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; to push; -- nearly obsolete, except with adverbs, as with by (to put by = to thrust aside; to divert); or with forth (to put forth = to thrust out).

His chief designs are . . . to put thee by from thy spiritual employment.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set; figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation, condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral condition; as, to put one in fear; to put a theory in practice; to put an enemy to fight.

This present dignity, In which that I have put you.

Chaucer.

I will put enmity between thee and the woman.

Gen. iii. 15.

He put no trust in his servants.

Job iv. 18.

When God into the hands of their deliverer Puts invincible might.

Milton.

In the mean time other measures were put in operation.

Sparks.

3. To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to put a wrong construction on an act or expression.

4. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. [Obs.]

No man hath more love than this, that a man put his life for his friends.

Wyclif (John xv. 13).

5. To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by that introducing a proposition; as, to put a question; to put a case.

Let us now put that ye have leave.

Chaucer.

Put the perception and you put the mind.

Berkeley.

These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin.

Milton.

All this is ingeniously and ably put.

Hare.

6. To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige.

These wretches put us upon all mischief.

Swift.

Put me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense.

Sir W. Scott.

Thank him who puts me, loath, to this revenge.

Milton.

7. To throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to put the shot or weight.

8. (Mining) To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the tramway. Raymond.

Put case, formerly, an elliptical expression for, put or suppose the case to be.

Put case that the soul after departure from the body may live.

Bp. Hall.

-- To put about (Naut.), to turn, or change the course of, as a ship. -- To put away. (a) To renounce; to discard; to expel. (b) To divorce. -- To put back. (a) To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to delay. (b) To refuse; to deny.

Coming from thee, I could not put him back.

Shak.

(c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour. (d) To restore to the original place; to replace. -- To put by. (a) To turn, set, or thrust, aside. "Smiling put the question by." Tennyson. (b) To lay aside; to keep; to sore up; as, to put by money. -- To put down. (a) To lay down; to deposit; to set down. (b) To lower; to diminish; as, to put down prices. (c) To deprive of position or power; to put a stop to; to suppress; to abolish; to confute; as, to put down rebellion or traitors.

Mark, how a plain tale shall put you down.

Shak.

Sugar hath put down the use of honey.

Bacon.

(d) To subscribe; as, to put down one's name. -- To put forth. (a) To thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as, a tree puts forth leaves. (b) To make manifest; to develop; also, to bring into action; to exert; as, to put forth strength. (c) To propose, as a question, a riddle, and the like. (d) To publish, as a book. -- To put forward. (a) To advance to a position of prominence or responsibility; to promote. (b) To cause to make progress; to aid. (c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour. -- To put in. (a) To introduce among others; to insert; sometimes, to introduce with difficulty; as, to put in a word while others are discoursing. (b) (Naut.) To conduct into a harbor, as a ship. (c) (Law) To place in due form before a court; to place among the records of a court. Burrill. (d) (Med.) To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place. -- To put off. (a) To lay aside; to discard; as, to put off a robe; to put off mortality. "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet." Ex. iii. 5. (b) To turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle.

I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped to put me off with an harangue.

Boyle.

We might put him off with this answer.

Bentley.

(c) To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, to put off repentance. (d) To get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as, to put off a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory. (e) To push from land; as, to put off a boat. -- To put on or upon. (a) To invest one's self with, as clothes; to assume. "Mercury . . . put on the shape of a man." L'Estrange. (b) To impute (something) to; to charge upon; as, to put blame on or upon another. (c) To advance; to promote. [Obs.] "This came handsomely to put on the peace." Bacon. (d) To impose; to inflict. "That which thou puttest on me, will I bear." 2 Kings xviii. 14. (e) To apply; as, to put on workmen; to put on steam. (f) To deceive; to trick. "The stork found he was put upon." L'Estrange. (g) To place upon, as a means or condition; as, he put him upon bread and water. "This caution will put them upon considering." Locke. (h) (Law) To rest upon; to submit to; as, a defendant puts himself on or upon the country. Burrill. -- To put out. (a) To eject; as, to put out and intruder. (b) To put forth; to shoot, as a bud, or sprout. (c) To extinguish; as, to put out a candle, light, or fire. (d) To place at interest; to loan; as, to put out funds. (e) To provoke, as by insult; to displease; to vex; as, he was put out by my reply. [Colloq.] (f) To protrude; to stretch forth; as, to put out the hand. (g) To publish; to make public; as, to put out a pamphlet. (h) To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, to put one out in reading or speaking. (i) (Law) To open; as, to put out lights, that is, to open or cut windows. Burrill. (j) (Med.) To place out of joint; to dislocate; as, to put out the ankle. (k) To cause to cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer in a certain inning, as in base ball. -- To put over. (a) To place (some one) in authority over; as, to put a general over a division of an army. (b) To refer.

For the certain knowledge of that truth I put you o'er to heaven and to my mother.

Shak.

(c) To defer; to postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the next term. (d) To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, to put one over the river. -- To put the hand to or unto. (a) To take hold of, as of an instrument of labor; as, to put the hand to the plow; hence, to engage in (any task or affair); as, to put one's hand to the work. (b) To take or seize, as in theft. "He hath not put his hand unto his neighbor's goods." Ex. xxii. 11. -- To put through, to cause to go through all conditions or stages of a progress; hence, to push to completion; to accomplish; as, he put through a measure of legislation; he put through a railroad enterprise. [U.S.] -- To put to. (a) To add; to unite; as, to put one sum to another. (b) To refer to; to expose; as, to put the safety of the state to hazard. "That dares not put it to the touch." Montrose. (c) To attach (something) to; to harness beasts to. Dickens. -- To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties. -- To put to bed. (a) To undress and place in bed, as a child. (b) To deliver in, or to make ready for, childbirth. -- To put to death, to kill. -- To put together, to attach; to aggregate; to unite in one. -- To put this and that (or two and two) together, to draw an inference; to form a correct conclusion. -- To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to. "O gentle lady, do not put me to 't." Shak. -- To put to rights, to arrange in proper order; to settle or compose rightly. -- To put to the sword, to kill with the sword; to slay. -- To put to trial, or on trial, to bring to a test; to try. -- To put trust in, to confide in; to repose confidence in. -- To put up. (a) To pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; to put up with; as, to put up indignities. [Obs.] "Such national injuries are not to be put up." Addison. (b) To send forth or upward; as, to put up goods for sale. (d) To start from a cover, as game. "She has been frightened; she has been put up." C. Kingsley. (e) To hoard. "Himself never put up any of the rent." Spelman. (f) To lay side or preserve; to pack away; to store; to pickle; as, to put up pork, beef, or fish. (g) To place out of sight, or away; to put in its proper place; as, put up that letter. Shak. (h) To incite; to instigate; -- followed by to; as, he put the lad up to mischief. (i) To raise; to erect; to build; as, to put up a tent, or a house. (j) To lodge; to entertain; as, to put up travelers. -- To put up a job, to arrange a plot. [Slang]

Syn. -- To place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state. -- Put, Lay, Place, Set. These words agree in the idea of fixing the position of some object, and are often used interchangeably. To put is the least definite, denoting merely to move to a place. To place has more particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a certain or proper place. To set or to lay may be used when there is special reference to the position of the object.

Put (put; often pt in def. 3), v. i. 1. To go or move; as, when the air first puts up. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To steer; to direct one's course; to go.

His fury thus appeased, he puts to land.

Dryden.

3. To play a card or a hand in the game called put.

To put about (Naut.), to change direction; to tack. -- To put back (Naut.), to turn back; to return. "The French . . . had put back to Toulon." Southey. -- To put forth. (a) To shoot, bud, or germinate. "Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth." Bacon. (b) To leave a port or haven, as a ship. Shak. -- To put in (Naut.), to enter a harbor; to sail into port. -- To put in for. (a) To make a request or claim; as, to put in for a share of profits. (b) To go into covert; -- said of a bird escaping from a hawk. (c) To offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for. Locke. -- To put off, to go away; to depart; esp., to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore. -- To put on, to hasten motion; to drive vehemently. -- To put over (Naut.), to sail over or across. -- To put to sea (Naut.), to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance into the ocean. -- To put up. (a) To take lodgings; to lodge. (b) To offer one's self as a candidate. L'Estrange. -- To put up to, to advance to. [Obs.] "With this he put up to my lord." Swift. -- To put up with. (a) To overlook, or suffer without recompense, punishment, or resentment; as, to put up with an injury or affront. (b) To take without opposition or expressed dissatisfaction; to endure; as, to put up with bad fare.

Put (?), n. 1. The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a push; as, the put of a ball. "A forced put." L'Estrange.

2. A certain game at cards. Young.

3. A privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and date. [Brokers' Cant]

A put and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price.

Johnson's Cyc.

Put (?), n. [OF. pute.] A prostitute. [Obs.]

Pu"tage (?; 48), n. [OF. putage.] Prostitution or fornication on the part of a woman.

||Pu*ta"men (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) The shell of a nut; the stone of a ||drupe fruit. See Endocarp.

Pu"tan*ism (?), n. [F. putanisme, fr. putain harlot.] Habitual lewdness or prostitution of a woman; harlotry.

Pu"ta*tive (?), a. [L. putativus, fr. putare, putatum, to reckon, suppose, adjust, prune, cleanse. See Pure, and cf. Amputate, Compute, Dispute, Impute.] Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as, the putative father of a child. "His other putative (I dare not say feigned) friends." E. Hall.

Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became customary, and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped authority.

Jer. Taylor.

Put*chuck" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pachak.

||Pu"te*al (?), n. [L., fr. puteus well.] (Arch.) An inclosure ||surrounding a well to prevent persons from falling into it; a well ||curb. Weale.

||Put"e*li (?), n. Same as Patela.

Pu"ter*y, n. [OF. puterie.] Putage. [Obs.]

Pu"tid (?), a. [L. putidus: cf. F. putide. Cf. Putrid.] Rotten; fetid; stinking; base; worthless. Jer. Taylor. "Thy putid muse." Dr. H. More.

{ Pu*tid"i*ty (?), Pu"tid*ness (?), } n. The quality or state of being putrid.

Put"log` (?; 277), n. (Arch.) One of the short pieces of timber on which the planks forming the floor of a scaffold are laid, -- one end resting on the ledger of the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in the wall temporarily for the purpose. Oxf. Gloss.

Put"-off` (?; 115), n. A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an excuse. L'Estrange.

Pu"tour (?), n. [See Put a prostitute.] A keeper of a brothel; a procurer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pu*tred"i*nous (?), a. [L. putredo rottenness, fr. putrere to be rotten. See Putrid.] Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten.

Pu`tre*fac"tion (?), n. [L. putrefactio: cf. F. putrÈfaction. See Putrefy.] 1. The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay of albuminous or other matter.

Putrefaction is a complex phenomenon involving a multiplicity of chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and without doubt caused by, bacteria and vibriones; hence, putrefaction is a form of fermentation, and is sometimes called putrefaction fermentative. Putrefaction is not possible under conditions that preclude the development of living organisms. Many of the products of putrefaction are powerful poisons, and are called cadaveric poisons, or ptomaÔnes.

2. The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied. "Putrefaction's breath." Shelley.

Pu`tre*fac"tive (?), a. [Cf. putrÈfactif. See Putrefy.] 1. Of or pertaining to putrefaction; as, the putrefactive smell or process. Wiseman.

2. Causing, or tending to promote, putrefaction.

-- Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness, n.

Pu"tre*fy (?), v. t. [Written also putrify.] [imp. & p. p. Putrefied (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Putrefying (&?;).] [F. putrÈfier; L. putrere to be rotten + - ficare (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. putrefacere. See Putrid, and -fy.] 1. To render putrid; to cause to decay offensively; to cause to be decomposed; to cause to rot.

2. To corrupt; to make foul.

Private suits do putrefy the public good.

Bacon.

They would but stink, and putrefy the air.

Shak.

3. To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; as, to putrefy an ulcer or wound.

Pu"tre*fy, v. i. To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot. Isa. 1. 6.

Pu*tres"cence (?), n. The state of being putrescent; putrescent matter.

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Pu*tres"cent (?), a. [L. putrescens, p. pr.of putrescere to grow rotten, v. incho. fr. putrere to be rotten. See Putrid.] 1. Becoming putrid or rotten.

Externally powerful, although putrescent at the core.

Motley.

2. Of or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a putrescent smell.

Pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of putrefaction; liable to become putrid; as, putrescible substances.

Pu*tres"ci*ble, n. A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable to undergo decomposition when in contact with air and moisture at ordinary temperatures.

Pu*tres"cin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nontoxic diamine, C4H12N2, formed in the putrefaction of the flesh of mammals and some other animals.

Pu"trid (?), a. [L. putridus, fr. putrere to be rotten, fr. puter, or putris, rotten, fr. putere to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. putride. See Pus, Foul, a.] 1. Tending to decomposition or decay; decomposed; rotten; -- said of animal or vegetable matter; as, putrid flesh. See Putrefaction.

2. Indicating or proceeding from a decayed state of animal or vegetable matter; as, a putrid smell.

Putrid fever (Med.), typhus fever; -- so called from the decomposing and offensive state of the discharges and diseased textures of the body. -- Putrid sore throat (Med.), a gangrenous inflammation of the fauces and pharynx.

Pu*trid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. putriditÈ.] The quality of being putrid; putrefaction; rottenness.

Pu"trid*ness (?), n. Putridity. Floyer.

Pu"tri*fac`ted (?), a. [See Putrefy.] Putrefied. [Obs.]

What vermin bred of putrifacted slime.

Marston.

Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Putrefaction.

Pu"tri*fy (?), v. t. & i. To putrefy.

Pu"tri*lage (?), n. [F. putrilage, L. putrilago putrefaction.] That which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of putrefaction.

Pu"try (?), a. Putrid. [Obs.] Marston.

Pu"try, n. Putage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Put"ter (?), n. 1. One who puts or plates.

2. Specifically, one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and the like. [Prov. Eng.]

Put"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puttering.] [See Potter.] To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to potter.

Put"ter-on` (?), n. An instigator. Shak.

Put"ti*er (?), n. One who putties; a glazier.

Put"ting (?), n. The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the hand raised or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish game.

Putting stone, a heavy stone used in the game of putting.

Put"tock (?), n. [Cf. Pout a young bird, Poult.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The European kite. (b) The buzzard. (c) The marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.]

Put"tock, n. (Naut.) See Futtock. [Obs.]

Put"ty (?), n. [F. potÈe, fr. pot pot; what was formerly called putty being a substance resembling what is now called putty powder, and in part made of the metal of old pots. See Pot.] A kind of thick paste or cement compounded of whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and linseed oil, when applied beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough, -- used in fastening glass in sashes, stopping crevices, and for similar purposes.

Putty powder, an oxide of tin, or of tin and lead in various proportions, much used in polishing glass, metal, precious stones, etc.

Put"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puttied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puttying.] To cement, or stop, with putty.

Put"ty-faced` (?), a. White-faced; -- used contemptuously. Clarke.

Put"ty*root` (?), n. (Bot.) An American orchidaceous plant (Aplectrum hyemale) which flowers in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock produces each year a solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous matter, which sends up later a single large oval evergreen plaited leaf. Called also Adam-and-Eve.

Put"-up (?), a. Arranged; plotted; -- in a bad sense; as, a put-up job. [Colloq.]

Pu"y (?), n. See Poy.

Puz"zel (?), n. [Cf. F. pucelle a virgin.] A harlot; a drab; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak.

Puz"zle (?), n. [For opposal, in the sense of problem. See Oppose, Pose, v.] 1. Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting marvelous skill in making.

2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle.

Puz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puzzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puzzling (?).] 1. To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to nonplus.

A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling others.

Dr. H. More.

He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders.

Addison.

2. To make intricate; to entangle.

They disentangle from the puzzled skein.

Cowper.

The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and perplexed with error.

Addison.

3. To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to puzzle out a mystery.

Syn. -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See Embarrass.

Puz"zle, v. i. 1. To be bewildered, or perplexed.

A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing.

L'Estrange.

2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem.

Puz"zle*dom (?), n. The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively. C. Kingsley.

Puz"zle-head`ed (?), a. Having the head full of confused notions. Johnson.

Puz"zle*ment (?), n. The state of being puzzled; perplexity. Miss Mitford.

Puz"zler (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes.

Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads.

Brome.

Puz"zling*ly (?), adv. In a puzzling manner.

{ Puz"zo*lan (?), Puz`zo*la"na (?), } n. See Pozzuolana.

||Py*Ê"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; blood.] (Med.) A form ||of blood poisoning produced by the absorption into the blood of ||morbid matters usually originating in a wound or local inflammation. ||It is characterized by the development of multiple abscesses ||throughout the body, and is attended with irregularly recurring ||chills, fever, profuse sweating, and exhaustion.

Py*Ê"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyÊmia; of the nature of pyÊmia.

Pyc`nas*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a shield.] (Zoˆl.) Having the posterior side of the tarsus covered with small irregular scales; -- said of certain birds.

||Pyc*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pycnidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; crowded.] ||(Bot.) In certain fungi, a flask-shaped cavity from the surface of ||the inner walls of which spores are produced.

Pyc"nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; thick.] (Min.) A massive subcolumnar variety of topaz.

Pyc"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) Any fossil fish belonging to the Pycnodontini. They have numerous round, flat teeth, adapted for crushing.

||Pyc`no*don"ti*ni (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An extinct order of ganoid ||fishes. They had a compressed body, covered with dermal ribs ||(pleurolepida) and with enameled rhomboidal scales.

Pyc*nog"o*nid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pycnogonida.

||Pyc`no*gon"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick crowded + &?; ||knee.] (Zoˆl.) A class of marine arthropods in which the body is ||small and thin, and the eight legs usually very long; -- called also ||Pantopoda.

The abdomen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth is at the end of a tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great depths in the sea, and the largest of them measure two feet across the extended legs.

Pyc*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; dense, compact + -meter.] (Physics) A specific gravity bottle; a standard flask for measuring and comparing the densities of liquids. [Also written pyknometer.]

Pyc"no*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; with the pillars close together; &?; close + &?; a column, pillar: cf. F. pycnostyle.] (Anc. Arch.) See under Intercolumniation. -n. A pycnostyle colonnade.

Pye (?), n. See 2d Pie (b).

Pye"bald` (?), a. See Piebald.

||Py`e*li"tis (?). n. [Gr. basin + - itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the ||pelvis of the kidney.

Py*e"mi*a (?), n. (Med.) See Py∆mia.

Py"et (?), n. A magpie; a piet. [Prov. Eng.]

Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a pyet.

Sir W. Scott.

Py"gal (?), a. [Gr. &?; the rump.] (Anat.) Situated in the region of the rump, or posterior end of the backbone; -- applied especially to the posterior median plates in the carapace of chelonians.

{ Py"garg (?), ||Py*gar"gus (?), }[L. pygargus, Gr. &?;, literally, white rump; &?; the rump + white: cf. F. pygargue.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a white rump. Deut. xiv. 5.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The female of the hen harrier. (b) The sea eagle.

||Py*gid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pygidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; ||the rump.] (Zoˆl.) The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacean, and ||certain insects. See Illust. of Limulus and Trilobite.

{ Pyg"my (?), Pyg*me"an (?), } a. [L. pygmaeus. See Pygmy.] Of or pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very small. " Like that Pygmean race." Milton.

Pygmy antelope (Zoˆl.), the kleeneboc. -- Pygmy goose (Zoˆl.), any species of very small geese of the genus Nettapus, native of Africa, India, and Australia. -- Pygmy owl (Zoˆl.), the gnome. -- Pygmy parrot (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of very small green parrots (NasiternÊ), native of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not larger than sparrows.

Pyg"my, n.; pl. Pygmies (#). [L. pygmaeus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the fist, a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, about 131 inches. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] [Written also pigmy.] 1. (Class. Myth.) One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with the cranes, and were destroyed.

2. Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf.

Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. And pyramids are pyramids in vales.

Young.

||Py`go*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pugh` the rump + &?; a ||gill.] (Zoˆl.) A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the ||branchiÊ in a wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the ||genus Doris.

Py"go*pod (?), n. [Gr. pygh` rump + -pod.]

1. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pygopodes.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of serpentiform lizards of the family PygopodidÊ, which have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft, but lack fore legs.

||Py*gop"o*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of swimming birds ||which includes the grebes, divers, auks, etc., in which the legs are ||placed far back.

Py*gop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes.

Py"go*style (?), n. [Gr. pygh` the rump + &?; a pillar.] (Anat.) The plate of bone which forms the posterior end of the vertebral column in most birds; the plowshare bone; the vomer. It is formed by the union of a number of the last caudal vertebrÊ, and supports the uropigium.

Py"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus.] (Physiol. (Chem.) An albuminoid constituent of pus, related to mucin, possibly a mixture of substances rather than a single body.

||Py*ja"ma (?), n. [Hind. pe- jma, literally, leg clothing.] In India ||and Persia, thin loose trowsers or drawers; in Europe and America, ||drawers worn at night, or a kind of nightdress with legs. [Written ||also paijama.]

Pyk"ar (?), n. An ancient English fishing boat.

||Py"la n.; pl. L. PylÊ (#), E. Pylas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an ||entrance.] (Anat.) The passage between the iter and optocúle in the ||brain. B. G. Wilder.

Pyl"a*gore (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; PylÊ, or ThermopylÊ, where the Amphictyonic council met + &?; to assemble: cf. F. pylagore.] (Gr. Antiq.) a deputy of a State at the Amphictyonic council.

||Py*lan"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Pylangia (&?;). [NL., from Gr. &?; an ||entrance + &?; a vessel.] (Anat.) The first and undivided part of the ||aortic trunk in the amphibian heart. -- Py*lan"gi*al (#), a.

||Py"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a gateway.] (a) A low tower, having ||a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway.

Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front.

J. W. Draper.

(b) An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking towers).

Py*lor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pylorique.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pylorus; as, the pyloric end of the stomach.

||Py*lo"rus (?), n.; pl. Pylori (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; pylorus, gate ||keeper; &?; a gate + &?; watcher, guardian.] (Anat.) (a) The opening ||from the stomach into the intestine. (b) A posterior division of the ||stomach in some invertebrates.

Pyne (?), n. & v. See Pine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Py*noun" (?), n. A pennant. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Py`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + &?; dark blue.] (Physiol. (Chem.) A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be formed through the agency of a species of bacterium (Bacillus pyocyaneus).

Py`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; pus + root of &?; to be born.] (Med.) Producing or generating pus.

Py"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; pus + -- oid.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to pus; of the nature of, or like, pus.

Pyoid corpuscles (Med.), cells of a size larger than pus corpuscles, containing two or more of the latter.

Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + E. pneumothorax.] (Med.) Accumulation of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity.

Py"ot (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The magpie. See Piet.

Py`o*xan"those (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + &?; yellow.] (Physiol. (Chem.) A greenish yellow crystalline coloring matter found with pyocyanin in pus.

Pyr"a*canth (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; a thorn, prickly plant.] (Bot.) The evergreen thorn (CratÊgus Pyracantha), a shrub native of Europe.

Py"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pyre. [R.]

Pyr"a*lid (?), n. [L. pyralis, -idis, a kind of winged insect.] (Zoˆl.) Any moth of the family PyralidÊ. The species are numerous and mostly small, but some of them are very injurious, as the bee moth, meal moth, hop moth, and clover moth.

Pyr"a*mid (?), n. [L. pyramis, -idis, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, of Egyptian origin: cf. F. pyramide.]

1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or edifice of this shape.

2. (Geom.) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are sides of the base.

3. pl. (Billiards) The game of pool in which the balls are placed in the form of a triangle at spot. [Eng.]

Altitude of a pyramid (Geom.), the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the plane of the base. -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base. -- Earth pyramid. (Geol.) See Earth pillars, under Earth. -- Right pyramid (Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.

Py*ram`i*dal (?), a. [Cf. F. pyramidal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid; pyramidical; as, pyramidal cleavage.

The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal.

Mrs. Browning.

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2. (Crystallog.) Same as Tetragonal.

Pyramidal numbers (Math.), certain series of figurate numbers expressing the number of balls or points that may be arranged in the form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are triangular pyramidal numbers; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are square pyramidal numbers.

Py*ram"i*dal (?), n. (Anat.) One of the carpal bones. See Cuneiform, n., 2 (b).

Py*ram"i*dal*ly, adv. Like a pyramid.

{ Pyr`a*mid"ic (?), Pyr`a*mid"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a pyramid; having the form of a pyramid; pyramidal. " A pyramidical rock." Goldsmith. "Gold in pyramidic plenty piled." Shenstone. -- Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly, adv. Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness, n.

||Pyr`a*mid"i*on (?), n.; pl. Pyramidia (#). [NL., from L. pyramis. See ||Pyramid.] The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk.

Py*ram"i*doid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, pyramid + -id: cf. F. pyramidoÔde.] A solid resembling a pyramid; -- called also pyramoid. Barlow.

||Pyr"a*mis (?), n.; pl. Pyramides (#). [L.] A pyramid.

Pyr"a*moid (?), n. See Pyramidoid.

Py*rar"gy*rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; silver.] (Min.) Ruby silver; dark red silver ore. It is a sulphide of antimony and silver, occurring in rhombohedral crystals or massive, and is of a dark red or black color with a metallic adamantine luster.

Pyre (?), n. [L. pure, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See Fire.] A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt.

For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick flaming shot a dismal glare.

Pope.

||Py*re"na (?), n.; pl. PyrenÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, the stone of ||fruit.] (Bot.) A nutlet resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe. ||Gray.

Py"rene (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire.] (Chem.) One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C16H10.

Py"rene, n. (Bot.) Same as Pyrena.

Pyr`e*ne"an (?), a. [L. Pyrenaei (sc. montes) the Pyrenees, fr. Pyrene, Gr.&?; a daughter of Bebryx, beloved by Hercules, and buried upon these mountains.] Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains separating France and Spain. -- n. The Pyrenees. Shak.

Py*re"noid (?), n. [Gr. &?; like a kernel. See Pyrena, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain Infusoria.

Pyr"eth*rin (?), n. [NL. Pyrethrum, generic name of feverfew, Gr. &?; feverfew.] (Chem.) A substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary camphor, and extracted from the essential oil of feverfew; -- called also Pyrethrum camphor.

Pyr"eth*rine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from the root of the pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).

Py*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; burning heat, fever, from &?; fire: cf. F. pyrÈtique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to fever; febrile.

Pyr`e*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; fever + -logy: cf. F. pyrÈtologie.] (Med.) A discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers. Hooper.

||Py*rex"i*a (?), n.; pl. PyrexiÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to be ||feverish, akin to &?; fever.] (Med.) The febrile condition.

{ Py*rex"i*al (?), Py*rex"ic*al (?), } a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to fever; feverish.

Pyr"gom (?), n. [Gr. &?; a place furnished with towers, fr. &?; a tower.] (Min.) A variety of pyroxene; -- called also fassaite.

Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; sun + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the direct heating effect of the sun's rays.

Py*rid"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Related to, or formed from, pyridin or its homologues; as, the pyridic bases.

Pyr"i*dine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; fire.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C5H5N, obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor. It is the nucleus of a large number of organic substances, among which several vegetable alkaloids, as nicotine and certain of the ptomaÔnes, may be mentioned. See Lutidine.

Pyr"i*dyl (?), n. [Pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical, C5H4N, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to phenyl.

Pyr"i*form (?), a. [L. pyrum, pirum, a pear + -form: cf. F. pyriforme, piriforme.] Having the form of a pear; pear- shaped.

Pyr`i*ta"ceous (?), a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to pyrites. See Pyritic.

Pyr"ite (?), n.; pl. Pyrites (#). [Cf. F. pyrite. See Pyrites.] (Min.) A common mineral of a pale brass- yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites; iron disulphide.

Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the sparkling pyrite blends.

E. Darwin.

Py*ri"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See Pyre.] (Min.) A name given to a number of metallic minerals, sulphides of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and tin, of a white or yellowish color.

The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite, or iron pyrites, in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with steel.

Arsenical pyrites, arsenopyrite. -- Auriferous pyrites. See under Auriferous. -- Capillary pyrites, millerite. -- Common pyrites, isometric iron disulphide; pyrite. -- Hair pyrites, millerite. -- Iron pyrites. See Pyrite. -- Magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotite. -- Tin pyrites, stannite. -- White iron pyrites, orthorhombic iron disulphide; marcasite. This includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite, named in allusion to its form), spear pyrites, etc. -- Yellow, or Copper, pyrites, the sulphide of copper and iron; chalcopyrite.

{ Py*rit"ic (?), Py*rit"ic*al (?), } a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to pyrites; consisting of, or resembling, pyrites.

Pyr`i*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Pyrites + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing or producing pyrites.

Pyr"i*tize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. pyritiser.] To convert into pyrites.

Pyr`i*to*he"dral (?), a. [See Pyritohedron.] (Crystallog.) Like pyrites in hemihedral form.

Pyr`i*to*he"dron (?), n. [Pyrite + Gr. &?; base.] (Crystallog.) The pentagonal dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite.

Pyr"i*toid (?), n. [Pyrite + - oid.] (Crystallog.) Pyritohedron. [R.]

Pyr`i*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; of fire + -logy.] The science of blowpipe analysis.

Pyr"i*tous (?), a. Pyritic.

{ Pyro-, Pyr- }. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fire.] Combining forms designating fire or heat; specifically (Chem.), used to imply an actual or theoretical derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric, pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc.

Py"ro (?), n. (Photog.) Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.]

Pyr`o*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + acetic: cf. F. pyroacÈtique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained by the distillation of the acetates. It is now called also pyroacetic ether, and formerly was called pyroacetic spirit.

Pyr`o*ac"id (?), n. [Pyro- + acid.] (Chem.) An acid obtained by sybjecting another acid to the action of heat. Cf. Pyro-.

Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroantimonic acid.

Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + antimonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*ar"se*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroarsenic acid.

Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + arsenic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*bo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroboric acid.

Pyr`o*bo"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + boric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to derived from, or designating, an acid, H2B4O7 (called also tetraboric acid), which is the acid ingredient of ordinary borax, and is obtained by heating boric acid.

Pyr`o*cat"e*chin (?), n. [Pyro- + catechu.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, of the phenol series, found in various plants; -- so called because first obtained by distillation of gum catechu. Called also catechol, oxyphenol. etc.

Pyr"o*chlore (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; pale green.] (Min.) A niobate of calcium, cerium, and other bases, occurring usually in octahedrons of a yellowish or brownish color and resinous luster; -- so called from its becoming grass-green on being subjected to heat under the blowpipe.

Pyr`o*cit"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + citric: cf. F. pyrocitrique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the distillation of citric acid, and called respectively citraconic, itaconic, and mesaconic acid.

Pyr"o*coll (pr"*kl), n. [Puro- + Gr. ko`lla glue.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance allied to pyrrol, obtained by the distillation of gelatin.

Pyr`o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Pyro- + electric.] (Physics) Pertaining to, or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving electric polarity when heated.

Pyr`o*e*lec"tric, n. (Physics) A substance which becomes electrically polar when heated, exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity at two separate parts, especially the two extremities.

Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) Electricity developed by means of heat; the science which treats of electricity thus developed.

Pyr`o*gal"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of pyrogallol.

Pyr`o*gal"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid called pyrogallol. See Pyrogallol.

Pyr`o*gal"lol (?), n. [Pyrogallic + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol metameric with phloroglucin, obtained by the distillation of gallic acid as a poisonous white crystalline substance having acid properties, and hence called also pyrogallic acid. It is a strong reducer, and is used as a developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes.

Pyr"o*gen (?), n. [See Pyrogenous.] 1. Electricity. [R.]

2. (Physiol. Chem.) A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions, and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of bacteria.

Pyr`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + -gen + -ic.] (Physiol.) Producing heat; -- said of substances, as septic poisons, which elevate the temperature of the body and cause fever.

Py*rog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; fire + genous: cf. F. purogËne, Gr. &?;.] Produced by fire; igneous. Mantell. .

Pyr`og*nos"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to know.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to characters developed by the use of heat; pertaining to the characters of minerals when examined before the blowpipe; as, the pyrognostic characters of galena.

Pyr`og*nos"tics (?), n. pl. (Min.) The characters of a mineral observed by the use of the blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility, flame coloration, etc.

Py*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Pyro- + -graphy.] A process of printing, ornamenting, or carving, by burning with heated instruments.

Py*rol"a*tor (?), n. [See Pyrolatry.] A fire worshiper. [R.] Southey.

Py*rol"a*try (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; worship: cf. F. pyrol‚trie.] The worship of fire. Young.

{ Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous (?), Pyr`o*lig"nic (?), } a. [Pyro-+ L. lignum wood: cf. F. pyroligneux.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting essentially of impure acetic acid.

Pyr`o*lig"nous (?), a. Same as Pyroligneous.

Pyr`o*lith"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + lithic.] (Old Chem.) Same as Pyrouric, or Cyanuric.

Py*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in, or makes a study of, pyrology.

Py*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Pyro- + - logy: cf. F. pyrologie.] That branch of physical science which treats of the properties, phenomena, or effects of heat; also, a treatise on heat.

Pyr`o*lu"site (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to loose, or &?; a loosing.] (Min.) Manganese dioxide, a mineral of an iron-black or dark steel-gray color and metallic luster, usually soft. Pyrolusite parts with its oxygen at a red heat, and is extensively used in discharging the brown and green tints of glass (whence its name).

Pyr`o*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + magnetic.] (Physics) Acting by the agency of heat and magnetism; as, a pyromagnetic machine for producing electric currents.

Pyr`o*ma"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromalic acid. [Obs.]

Pyr`o*ma"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + malic.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called maleic acid.

Pyr"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; fire + &?; divination: cf. F. pyromancie.] Divination by means of fire.

Pyr"o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Pyro- + mania.] An insane disposition to incendiarism.

Pyr"o*man"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyromancy.

Pyr`o*man"tic, n. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] One who pretends to divine by fire. Sir T. Herbert.

Py*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Pyro- + -meter: cf. F. pyromËtre.] 1. (Physics) An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid bodies by heat.

2. (Physics) An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those indicated by the mercurial thermometer.

It is usually constructed so as to register the change which the heat to be measured produces in the length of some expansible substance, as a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a thermo-electric current.

{ Pyr`o*met"ric (?), Pyr`o*met"ric*al } a. [Cf. F. pyromÈtrique.] (Physics) Pertaining to, or obtained by, the pyrometer; as, pyrometrical instruments; pyrometrical measurements.

Py*rom"e*try (?), n. The art of measuring degrees of heat, or the expansion of bodies by heat.

Pyr`o*mor"phite (?), n. [G. pyromorphit, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; form.] (Min.) Native lead phosphate with lead chloride, occurring in bright green and brown hexagonal crystals and also massive; -- so called because a fused globule crystallizes in cooling.

Pyr`o*mor"phous (?), a. [Pyro- + -morphous.] (Min.) Having the property of crystallizing by the agency of fire.

Pyr`o*mu"cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromucic acid.

Pyr`o*mu"cic (?), a. [Pyro- + mucic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of mucic acid, or by the oxidation of furfurol.

Pyr`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; law.] The science of heat.

Pyr"ope (?), n. [L. pyropus a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; fire + &?; the eye, face: cf. F. pyrope.] (Min.) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gem. See the Note under Garnet.

Pyr"o*phane (?), n. [See Pyrophanous.] (Min.) A mineral which is opaque in its natural state, but is said to change its color and become transparent by heat.

Py*roph"a*nous (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to show, pass, to shine.] Rendered transparent by heat.

Pyr"o*phone (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; sound.] A musical instrument in which the tones are produced by flames of hydrogen, or illuminating gas, burning in tubes of different sizes and lengths.

{ Pyr`o*phor"ic (?), Py*roph"o*rous (?), } a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to bear.] Light- producing; of or pertaining to pyrophorus.

Pyrophoric iron (Chem.), finely reduced iron, which ignites spontaneously on contact with air.

||Py*roph"o*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pyrophorous.] (Old Chem.) Any one of ||several substances or mixtures which phosphoresce or ignite ||spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum, ||potash, and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided ||lead.

Pyr"o*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, H4P2O7, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance. Its salts are obtained by heating the phosphates.

Py*roph"yl*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Min.) A mineral, usually of a white or greenish color and pearly luster, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of alumina.

Pyr"o*scope (?), n. [Pyro- + - scope: cf. F. pyroscope.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the intensity of heat radiating from a fire, or the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential thermometer, having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf. [R.]

<! p. 1170 !>

||Py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr Gr. &?; a burning, an inflammation, fr. ||&?; to burn, fr. &?; fire.] (Med.) See Water brash, under Brash.

Py*ros"ma*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; odor + -like. ] (Min.) A mineral, usually of a pale brown or of a gray or grayish green color, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron and manganese; -- so called from the odor given off before the blowpipe.

Pyr"o*some (?), n. [Pyro- + - some body.] (Zoˆl.) Any compound ascidian of the genus Pyrosoma. The pyrosomes form large hollow cylinders, sometimes two or three feet long, which swim at the surface of the sea and are very phosphorescent.

Pyr`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrosulphuric acid.

Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also disulphuric acid) obtained by distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7 resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.

Pyr`o*tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tartaric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of tartaric acid.

Pyr`o*tar"trate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrotartaric acid.

Pyr`o*tech"ni*an (?), n. A pyrotechnist.

{ Pyr`o*tech"nic (?), Pyr`o*tech"nic*al (?), } a. [Pyro- + technic, technical: cf. F. pyrotechnique. See Fire, Technical.] Of or pertaining to fireworks, or the art of forming them.

Pyrotechnical sponge. See under Sponge.

Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian (?), n. A pyrotechnist.

Pyr`o*tech"nics (?), n. The art of making fireworks; the manufacture and use of fireworks; pyrotechny.

Pyr`o*tech"nist (?), n. One skilled in pyrotechny; one who manufactures fireworks. Steevens.

Pyr`o*tech`ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pyrotechnie.] 1. The use and application of fire in science and the arts. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. Same as Pyrotechnics.

Py*roth"o*nide (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; linen.] (Med.) A kind of empyreumatic oil produced by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen, or cotton in a copper vessel, -- formerly used as a remedial agent. Dunglison.

Py*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn, fr. &?;, &?;, fire: cf. F. pyrotique.] Caustic. See Caustic. -- n. (Med.) A caustic medicine.

Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tri- + tartaric.] (Chem.) Designating an acid which is more commonly called uric acid.

Pyr`o*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Polytungstic. See Metatungstic.

Pyr`o*¸"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called cyanuric acid. See Cyanuric.

Pyr`o*va*nad"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + vanadic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*xan"thin (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline hydrocardon extracted from crude wood spirit; -- called also eblanin.

Pyr"ox*ene (?), n. [F. pyroxËne, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; a stranger; -- so called because it was supposed to the be a stranger, or of rare occurrence, in igneous rocks,] (Min.) A common mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, with a prismatic angle of nearly 90∞, and also in massive forms which are often laminated. It varies in color from white to dark green and black, and includes many varieties differing in color and composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite, coccolite, augite, etc. They are all silicates of lime and magnesia with sometimes alumina and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent of many rocks, especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc.

The pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the related orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and various monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc.

Pyr`ox*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pyroxÈnique.] Containing pyroxene; composed chiefly of pyroxene.

Py*rox"e*nite (?), n. (Min.) A rock consisting essentially of pyroxene.

Py*rox"yle (?), n. [Cf. F. pyroxyle. See Pyroxylic, -yl.]

Pyr`ox*yl"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; wood.] (Old Chem.) Derived from wood by distillation; -- formerly used in designating crude wood spirit.

Py*rox"y*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling gun cotton in composition and properties, but distinct in that it is more highly nitrified and is soluble in alcohol, ether, etc.; -- called also pyroxyle.

Pyr"rhic (?), a. [L. pyrrhichius, Gr. &?; belonging to the &?; (sc. &?;) a kind of war dance.] 1. Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek martial dance. " ye have the pyrrhic dance as yet." Byron.

2. (Pros.) Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing pyrrhic; as, a pyrrhic verse.

Pyr"rhic, n. 1. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pyrrhique, fem.] An ancient Greek martial dance, to the accompaniment of the flute, its time being very quick.

2. [L. pyrrhichius (sc. pes), Gr. &?; (sc. &?;): cf. F. pyrrhique, masc.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of two short syllables.

Pyr"rhi*cist (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) One two danced the pyrrhic.

{ Pyr*rho"ne*an (?), Pyr*rhon"ic (?), } a. [L. PyrrhonÍus: cf. F. pyrrhonien.] Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism.

Pyr"rho*nism (?), n. [From Pyrrho, the founder of a school of skeptics in Greece (about 300 b. c.): cf. F. pyrrhonisme.] Skepticism; universal doubt.

Pyr"rho*nist (?), n. A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic.

{ Pyr"rho*tine (?), Pyr"rho*tite (?), } n. [Gr. &?; flame-colored, fr. &?; fire.] (Min.) A bronze-colored mineral, of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of iron, and is remarkable for being attracted by the magnet. Called also magnetic pyrites.

Pyr"rol (?), n. [Gr. &?; flame-colored (from &?; fire) + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base found in coal tar, bone oil, and other distillates of organic substances, and also produced synthetically as a colorless liquid, C4H5N, having on odor like that of chloroform. It is the nucleus and origin of a large number of derivatives. So called because it colors a splinter of wood moistened with hydrochloric acid a deep red.

Pyr"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C4H7N, obtained as a colorless liquid by the reduction of pyrrol.

||Pyr"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pyrus a pear.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of large ||marine gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell. It includes the ||fig-shells. See Illust. in Appendix.

Py*ru"ric (?), a. Same as Pyro¸ric.

||Py"rus (?), n. [L. pyrus, or better pirus, pear tree.] (Bot.) A genus ||of rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit. It includes the ||apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and mountain ash.

Py*ru"vic (?), a. [Pyro- + L. uva a grape.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also pyroracemic acid) obtained, as a liquid having a pungent odor, by the distillation of racemic acid.

Py*ru"vil (?), n. (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by heating together pyruvic acid and urea.

Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), a. [L. Pythagoreus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about 582 b. c.), or his philosophy.

The central thought of the Pythagorean philosophy is the idea of number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations of things.

Encyc. Brit.

Pythagorean proposition (Geom.), the theorem that the square described upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares described upon the other two sides. -- Pythagorean system (Astron.), the commonly received system of astronomy, first taught by Pythagoras, and afterward revived by Copernicus, whence it is also called the Copernican system. -- Pythagorean letter. See Y.

Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), n. A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of philosophers founded by Pythagoras.

Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Pythagoras or the Pythagoreans.

As a philosophic school Pythagoreanism became extinct in Greece about the middle of the 4th century [B. C.].

Encyc. Brit.

{ Pyth`a*gor"ic (?), Pyth`a*gor"ic*al (?), } a.[L. Pythagoricus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. pythagorique.] See Pythagorean, a.

Py*thag"o*rism (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The doctrines taught by Pythagoras.

Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical system, as well physical as metaphysical. The doctrine of the transmigration of souls (metempsychosis) is associated closely with name of Pythagoras.

Py*thag"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pythagorized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pythagorizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To speculate after the manner of Pythagoras.

Pyth"i*ad (?), n. [See Pythian.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period intervening between one celebration of the Pythian games and the next.

Pyth"i*an (?), a. [L. Pythius, Gr. &?; belonging to Pytho, the older name of Delphi and its environs: cf. F. pythien.] Of or pertaining to Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, or to the priestess of Apollo, who delivered oracles at Delphi.

Pythian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of ancient Greece, celebrated near Delphi, in honor of Apollo, the conqueror of the dragon Python, at first once in eight years, afterward once in four.

Pyth`o*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to rot + &?; origin.] Producing decomposition, as diseases which are supposed to be accompanied or caused by decomposition.

Py"thon (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Python the serpent slain near Delphi by Apollo, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any species of very large snakes of the genus Python, and allied genera, of the family PythonidÊ. They are nearly allied to the boas. Called also rock snake.

The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia, and the East Indies.

2. A diviner by spirits. "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed pythons." 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).

Pyth"o*ness (?), n. [L. pythonissa: cf. F. pythonisse. See Pythian.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in Greece.

2. Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of witch. Bp. Hall.

Py*thon"ic (?), a. [L. pythonicus, Gr. &?;. See Pythian.] Prophetic; oracular; pretending to foretell events.

Pyth"o*nism (?), n. The art of predicting events after the manner of the priestess of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying.

Pyth"o*nist (?), n. A conjurer; a diviner.

||Pyth`o*no*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Python, and -morphous.] ||(Paleon.) Same as Mosasauria.

||Py*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; urine.] (Med.) A morbid ||condition in which pus is discharged in the urine.

Pyx (?), n. [L. pyxis a box, Gr. pyxi`s a box, especially of boxwood, fr. py`xos the box tree or boxwood. See Box a receptacle.] [Written also pix.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which the host is reserved.

2. A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal before it is sent from the mint. Mushet.

3. (Naut.) The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle. Weale.

4. (Anat.) Same as Pyxis.

Pyx cloth (R. C. Ch.), a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx. -- Trial of the pyx, the annual testing, in the English mint, of the standard of gold and silver coins. Encyc. Brit.

Pyx, v. t. To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited in the pyx. [Eng.] Mushet.

Pyx"i*date (?), a. Having a pyxidium.

||Pyx*id"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pyxidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. a &?; a ||box. See Pyx.] (Bot.) (a) A pod which divides circularly into an ||upper and lower half, of which the former acts as a kind of lid, as ||in the pimpernel and purslane. (b) The theca of mosses.

Pyx"ie (pks"), n. (Bot.) Same as Pixy.

||Pyx*is (?), n. [L.] 1. A box; a pyx.

2. (Bot.) A pyxidium.

3. (Anat.) The acetabulum. See Acetabulum, 2.

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Q.

Q (k), the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one sound (that of k), and is always followed by u, the two letters together being sounded like kw, except in some words in which the u is silent. See Guide to Pronunciation, ß 249. Q is not found in Anglo-Saxon, cw being used instead of qu; as in cwic, quick; cwen, queen. The name (k) is from the French ku, which is from the Latin name of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived it, through a Greek alphabet, from the Phúnician, the ultimate origin being Egyptian.

Etymologically, q or qu is most nearly related to a (ch, tch), p, q, and wh; as in cud, quid, L. equus, ecus, horse, Gr. &?;, whence E. equine, hippic; L. quod which, E. what; L. aquila, E. eaqle; E. kitchen, OE. kichene, AS. cycene, L. coquina.

Qua (?), conj. [L., abl. of qui who.] In so far as; in the capacity or character of; as.

It is with Shelley's biographers qua biographers that we have to deal.

London Spectator.

Quab (?), n. [Cf. D. kwab eelpout, Dan. quabbe, G. quabbe, quappe, LG. quabbe a fat lump of flesh, and L. capito a kind of fish with a large head, fr. caput the head, also E. squab.] An unfledged bird; hence, something immature or unfinished. Ford.

Quab, v. i. See Quob, v. i.

Qua"-bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The American night heron. See under Night.

Qua"cha (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The quagga.

Quack (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qvacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quacking.] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. kwaken, G. quacken, quaken, Icel. kvaka to twitter.]

1. To utter a sound like the cry of a duck.

2. To make vain and loud pretensions; to boast. " To quack of universal cures." Hudibras.

3. To act the part of a quack, or pretender.

Quack, n. 1. The cry of the duck, or a sound in imitation of it; a hoarse, quacking noise. Chaucer.

2. [Cf. Quacksalver.] A boastful pretender to medical skill; an empiric; an ignorant practitioner.

3. Hence, one who boastfully pretends to skill or knowledge of any kind not possessed; a charlatan.

Quacks political; quacks scientific, academical.

Carlyle.

Quack, a. Pertaining to or characterized by, boasting and pretension; used by quacks; pretending to cure diseases; as, a quack medicine; a quack doctor.

Quack"er*y (?), n.; pl. Quackeries (&?;). The acts, arts, or boastful pretensions of a quack; false pretensions to any art; empiricism. Carlyle.

Quack" grass` (?). (Bot.) See Quitch grass.

Quack"ish, a. Like a quack; boasting; characterized by quackery. Burke.

Quack"ism (?), n. Quackery. Carlyle.

Quac"kle (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Quackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quackling (?).] [Cf.Querken.] To suffocate; to choke. [Prov. Eng.]

Quack"sal*ver (?), n. [D. kwakzalver; cf. kwakzalven to quack or boast of one's salves. See Quack, Salve, n.] One who boasts of his skill in medicines and salves, or of the efficacy of his prescriptions; a charlatan; a quack; a mountebank. [Obs.] Burton.

{ Quad (?), Quade (?) }, a. [Akin to AS. cwd, cwead, dung, evil, G. kot, dung, OHG. qut.] Evil; bad; baffling; as, a quade wind. [Obs.]

Sooth play, quad play, as the Fleming saith.

Chaucer.

Quad, n. (Print.) A quadrat.

Quad, n. (Arch.) A quadrangle; hence, a prison. [Cant or Slang]

||Quad"ra (?), n.; pl. QuadrÊ (#). [L., a square, the socle, a ||platband, a fillet.] (Arch.) (a) The plinth, or lowest member, of any ||pedestal, podium, water table, or the like. (b) A fillet, or listel.

Quad"ra*ble (?), a.[See Quadrate.] (Math.) That may be sqyared, or reduced to an equivalent square; -- said of a surface when the area limited by a curve can be exactly found, and expressed in a finite number of algebraic terms.

Quad`ra*ge*na"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadragenarius, fr. qyadrageni forty each.] Consisting of forty; forty years old.

Quad"ra*gene (?), n. [LL. quadragena, fr. L. quadrageni forty each, akin to quadraginta forty.] (R. C. Ch.) An indulgence of forty days, corresponding to the forty days of ancient canonical penance.

||Quad`ra*ges"i*ma (?), n. [L., fr. quadragesimus the fortieth, fr. ||quadraginta forty; akin to quattuor four. See Four.] (Eccl.) The ||forty days of fast preceding Easter; Lent.

Quadragesima Sunday, the first Sunday in Lent, about forty days before Easter.

Quad`ra*ges"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F. quadragÈsimal.] Belonging to Lent; used in Lent; Lenten.

Quad`ra*ges"i*mals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the mother church of a diocese on Mid- Lent Sunday.

Quad"ran`gle (?), n. [F., fr. L. quadrangulum; quattuor four + angulus an angle. See Four, and Angle a corner.]

1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four angles, and consequently four sides; any figure having four angles.

2. A square or quadrangular space or inclosure, such a space or court surrounded by buildings, esp. such a court in a college or public school in England.

Quad*ran"gu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. quadrangulaire.] Having four angles, and consequently four sides; tetragonal. -- Quad*ran"gu*lar*ly, adv.

||Quad"rans (?), n.; pl. Quadrantes (#). [L.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A fourth ||part of the coin called an as. See 3d As, 2.

2. The fourth of a penny; a farthing. See Cur.

Quad"rant (?), n. [L. quadrans, -antis, a fourth part, a fourth of a whole, fr. quattuor four: cf. F. quadrant, cadran. See Four, and cf. Cadrans.] 1. The fourth part; the quarter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Geom.) The quarter of a circle, or of the circumference of a circle, an arc of 90∞, or one subtending a right angle at the center.

3. (Anal. (Geom.) One of the four parts into which a plane is divided by the coˆrdinate axes. The upper right-hand part is the first quadrant; the upper left-hand part the second; the lower left-hand part the third; and the lower right-hand part the fourth quadrant.

4. An instrument for measuring altitudes, variously constructed and mounted for different specific uses in astronomy, surveying, gunnery, etc., consisting commonly of a graduated arc of 90∞, with an index or vernier, and either plain or telescopic sights, and usually having a plumb line or spirit level for fixing the vertical or horizontal direction.

Gunner's quadrant, an instrument consisting of a graduated limb, with a plumb line or spirit level, and an arm by which it is applied to a cannon or mortar in adjusting it to the elevation required for attaining the desired range. -- Gunter's quadrant. See Gunter's quadrant, in the Vocabulary. -- Hadley's quadrant, a hand instrument used chiefly at sea to measure the altitude of the sun or other celestial body in ascertaining the vessel's position. It consists of a frame in the form of an octant having a graduated scale upon its arc, and an index arm, or alidade pivoted at its apex. Mirrors, called the index glass and the horizon glass, are fixed one upon the index arm and the other upon one side of the frame, respectively. When the instrument is held upright, the index arm may be swung so that the index glass will reflect an image of the sun upon the horizon glass, and when the reflected image of the sun coincides, to the observer's eye, with the horizon as seen directly through an opening at the side of the horizon glass, the index shows the sun's altitude upon the scale; -- more properly, but less commonly, called an octant. -- Quadrant of altitude, an appendage of the artificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass of the length of a quadrant of one of the great circles of the globe, and graduated. It may be fitted to the meridian, and being movable round to all points of the horizon, serves as a scale in measuring altitudes, azimuths, etc.

Quad*ran"tal (?), a. [L. quadrantalis containing the fourth fourth part of a measure.] (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a quadrant; also, included in the fourth part of a circle; as, quadrantal space.

Quadrantal triangle, a spherical triangle having one side equal to a quadrant or arc of 90∞. -- Quadrantal versor, a versor that expresses rotation through one right angle.

Quad*ran"tal, n. [L.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A cubical vessel containing a Roman cubic foot, each side being a Roman square foot; -- used as a measure.

2. A cube. [R.]

Quad"rat (?), n. [F. quadrat, cadrat. See Quadrate.] 1. (Print.) A block of type metal lower than the letters, -- used in spacing and in blank lines. [Abbrev. quad.]

2. An old instrument used for taking altitudes; -- called also geometrical square, and line of shadows.

Quad"rate (?), a. [L. quadratus squared, p. p. of quadrare to make four-cornered, to make square, to square, to fit, suit, from quadrus square, quattuor four. See Quadrant, and cf. Quadrat, Quarry an arrow, Square.] 1. Having four equal sides, the opposite sides parallel, and four right angles; square.

Figures, some round, some triangle, some quadrate.

Foxe.

2. Produced by multiplying a number by itself; square. " Quadrate and cubical numbers." Sir T. Browne.

3. Square; even; balanced; equal; exact. [Archaic] " A quadrate, solid, wise man." Howell.

4. Squared; suited; correspondent. [Archaic] " A generical description quadrate to both." Harvey.

Quadrate bone (Anat.), a bone between the base of the lower jaw and the skull in most vertebrates below the mammals. In reptiles and birds it articulates the lower jaw with the skull; in mammals it is represented by the malleus or incus.

Quad"rate (?), n. [L. quadratum. See Quadrate, a.] 1. (Geom.) A plane surface with four equal sides and four right angles; a square; hence, figuratively, anything having the outline of a square.

At which command, the powers militant That stood for heaven, in mighty quadrate joined.

Milton.

2. (Astrol.) An aspect of the heavenly bodies in which they are distant from each other 90∞, or the quarter of a circle; quartile. See the Note under Aspect, 6.

3. (Anat.) The quadrate bone.

Quad"rate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quadrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quadrating.] [See Quadrate, a.] To square; to agree; to suit; to correspond; -- followed by with. [Archaic]

The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not quadrate with their theories.

Burke.

Quad"rate, v. t. To adjust (a gun) on its carriage; also, to train (a gun) for horizontal firing.

Quad*rat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. quadratique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a square, or to squares; resembling a quadrate, or square; square.

2. (Crystallog.) Tetragonal.

3. (Alg.) Pertaining to terms of the second degree; as, a quadratic equation, in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a square.

Quad*rat"ics (?), n. (Alg.) That branch of algebra which treats of quadratic equations.

Quad*ra`to*ju"gal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the quadrate and jugal bones. (b) Of or pertaining to the quadratojugal bone. -- n. The quadratojugal bone.

Quadratojugal bone (Anat.), a bone at the base of the lower jaw in many animals.

Quad*ra"trix (?), n.; pl. -trixes (#), or -trices (#). [NL.] (Geom.) A curve made use of in the quadrature of other curves; as the quadratrix, of Dinostratus, or of Tschirnhausen.

Quad"ra*ture (?), n. [L. quadratura: cf. F. quadrature. See Quadrate, a.] 1. (Math.) The act of squaring; the finding of a square having the same area as some given curvilinear figure; as, the quadrature of a circle; the operation of finding an expression for the area of a figure bounded wholly or in part by a curved line, as by a curve, two ordinates, and the axis of abscissas.

2. A quadrate; a square. Milton.

3. (Integral Calculus) The integral used in obtaining the area bounded by a curve; hence, the definite integral of the product of any function of one variable into the differential of that variable.

4. (Astron.) The position of one heavenly body in respect to another when distant from it 90∞, or a quarter of a circle, as the moon when at an equal distance from the points of conjunction and opposition.

Quadrature of the moon (Astron.), the position of the moon when one half of the disk is illuminated. -- Quadrature of an orbit (Astron.), a point in an orbit which is at either extremity of the latus rectum drawn through the empty focus of the orbit.

Quad"rel (?), n. [It. quadrello, LL. quadrellus, fr. L. quadrus square. See Quadrate, and cf. Quarrel an arrow.] 1. A square piece of turf or peat. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A square brick, tile, or the like.

Quad*ren"ni*al (?), a. [L. quadriennium a space of four years; quattuor four + annus year; cf. L. quadriennis. See Quadrate, and Annual.] 1. Comprising four years; as, a quadrennial period.

2. Occurring once in four years, or at the end of every four years; as, quadrennial games.

Quad*ren"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in four years.

||Quad*ren"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Quadrennial.] A space or period of ||four years.

Quad"ri- (?). [L., from quattuor four. See Four.] A combining form meaning four, four times, fourfold; as, quadricapsular, having four capsules.

Quad`ri*ba"sic (?), a. [Quadri- + basic.] (Chem.) Same as Tetrabasic.

Quad"ri*ble (?), a. Quadrable. [R.]

Quad"ric (?), a. (Math.) Of or pertaining to the second degree.

Quad"ric, n. (a) (Alg.) A quantic of the second degree. See Quantic. (b) (Geom.) A surface whose equation in three variables is of the second degree. Spheres, spheroids, ellipsoids, paraboloids, hyperboloids, also cones and cylinders with circular bases, are quadrics.

Quad`ri*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Quadri- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having four capsules.

||Quad"ri*ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. qyattuor four + caput head.] ||(Anat.) The great extensor muscle of the knee, divided above into ||four parts which unite in a single tendon at the knee.

Quad`ri*cip"i*tal (?), n. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the quadriceps.

Quad"ri*corn (?), n. [See Quadricornous.] (Zoˆl.) Any quadricornous animal.

Quad`ri*cor"nous (?), a. [Quadri- + L. cornu horn: cf. F. quadricorne.] (Zoˆl.) Having four horns, or hornlike organs; as, a quadricornous beetle.

Quad`ri*cos"tate (?), a. [Quadri- + costate.] Having four ribs.

<! p. 1172 !>

Quad`ri*den"tate (?), a. [Quadri- + dentate.] Having four teeth; as, a quadridentate leaf.

Quad`ri*en"ni*al (?), a. Same as Quadrennial.

Quad`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadrifarius fourfold, fr. quattuor four: cf. F. quadrifariÈ. Cf. Multifarious.] Arranged in four rows or ranks; as, quadrifarious leaves. Loudon.

Quad"ri*fid (?), a. [L. quadrifidus; quattuor four + findere to cleave: cf. F. quadrifide.] Divided, or deeply cleft, into four parts; as, a quadrifid perianth; a quadrifid leaf.

{ Quad"ri*foil (?), Quad`ri*fo"li*ate (?), } a. [Quadri- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.) Four-leaved; having the leaves in whorls of four.

Quad`ri*fur"ca*ted (?), a. [Quadri- + furcated.] Having four forks, or branches.

||Quad*ri"ga (?), n.; pl. QuadrigÊ (#). [L. See Quadrijugous.] (Rom. ||Antiq.) A car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast.

{ Quad`ri*gem"i*nal (?), Quad`ri*gem"i*nous (?), } a. [Quadri- + L. gemini twins.] Fourfold; having four similar parts, or two pairs of similar parts.

Quadrigeminal bodies (Anat.), two pairs of lobes, or elevations, on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the optic lobes. The anterior pair are called the nates, and the posterior the testes.

Quad`ri*ge*na"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadrigeni, quadringeni, four hundred each.] Consisting of four hundred.

Quad*rij"u*gate (?), a. Same as Quadrijugous.

Quad*rij"u*gous (?), a. [L. quadrijugus of a team of four; quattuor four + jugum yoke.] (Bot.) Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets; as, a quadrijugous leaf.

Quad`ri*lat"er*al (?), a. [L. quadrilaterus: cf. F. quadrilatËre, quadrilatÈral. See Quadri- and Lateral.] Having four sides, and consequently four angles; quadrangular.

Quad`ri*lat"er*al, n. 1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four sides, and consequently four angles; a quadrangular figure; any figure formed by four lines.

2. An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other; as, the Venetian quadrilateral, comprising Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and Legnano.

Complete quadrilateral (Geom.), the figure made up of the six straight lines that can be drawn through four points, A, B, C, I, the lines being supposed to be produced indefinitely.

Quad`ri*lat"er*al*ness, n. The property of being quadrilateral.

Quad`ri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Quadri- + literal.] Consisting of four letters.

Qua*drille" (?), n. [F. quadrille, n. fem., fr. Sp. cuadrilla meeting of four or more persons or It. quadriglia a band of soldiers, a sort of dance; dim. fr. L. quadra a square, fr. quattuor four. See Quadrate.] 1. A dance having five figures, in common time, four couples of dancers being in each set.

2. The appropriate music for a quadrille.

Qua*drille", n. [F. quadrille, n. masc., cf. It. quadriglio; or perhaps from the Spanish. See Quadrille a dance.] A game played by four persons with forty cards, being the remainder of an ordinary pack after the tens, nines, and eights are discarded. Hoyle.

Quad*ril"lion (?), n. [F., fr. L. quater four times, akin to quattuor four, E. four; -- formed like million. See Four, Million.] According to the French notation, which is followed also upon the Continent and in the United States, a unit with fifteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the fourth power, or the number represented by a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

{ Quad`ri*lo"bate (?), Quad`ri*lobed (?), } a. [Quadri- + lobe: cf. F. quadrilobÈ.] Having four lobes; as, a quadrilobate leaf.

Quad`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Quadri- + locular: cf. F. quadriloculaire.] Having four cells, or cavities; as, a quadrilocular heart.

Quad"rin (?), n. [OF., fr. L. quadrini four each, fr. quattuor four.] A small piece of money, in value about a farthing, or a half cent. [Obs.]

Quad`ri*nod"al (?), a. [Quadri- + nodal.] (Math.) Possessing four nodes; as, quadrinodal curves.

Quad`ri*no"mi*al (?), n. [Quadri- + nomial, as in binomial: cf. F. quadrinÙme.] (Alg.) A polynomial of four terms connected by the signs plus or minus.

Quad`ri*nom"ic*al (?), a. Quadrinomial.

Quad`ri*nom"i*nal (?), a. [Quadri- + nominal.] (Alg.) Quadrinomial. Sir W. R. Hamilton.

Quad*rip"ar*tite (?), a. [L. quadripartitus, p. p. of quadripartire to divide into four parts; quattuor four + partire to divide: cf. F. quadripartite.] Divided into four parts.

Quad*rip"ar*tite*ly, adv. In four parts.

Quad`ri*par*ti"tion (?), n. [L. quadripartitio: cf. F. quadripartition.] A division or distribution by four, or into four parts; also, a taking the fourth part of any quantity or number.

Quad`ri*pen"nate (?), a. [Quadri- + pennate.] (Zoˆl.) Having four wings; -- said of insects.

Quad*riph"yl*lous (?), a. [Quadri + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having four leaves; quadrifoliate.

Quad"ri*reme (?), n. [L. quadriremis; quattuor four + remus an oar: cf. F. quadrirËme.] (Antiq.) A galley with four banks of oars or rowers.

Quad`ri*sec"tion (?), n. [Quadri- + section.] A subdivision into four parts.

Quad`ri*sul"cate (?), a. [Quadri + sulcate.] (Zoˆl.) Having four hoofs; as, a quadrisulcate foot; a quadrisulcate animal.

{ Quad`ri*syl*lab"ic (?), Quad`ri-syl*lab"ic*al (?), }Having four syllables; of or pertaining to quadrisyllables; as, a quadrisyllabic word.

Quad`ri*syl"la*ble (?), n. [Quadri- + syllable: cf. F. quadrisyllabe.] A word consisting of four syllables. De Quincey.

Quad*riv"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being quadrivalent; tetravalence.

Quad*riv"a*lent (?), a. [Quadri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; -- said of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are quadrivalent elements.

Quad"ri*valve (?), a. [Quadri- + valve: cf. F. quadrivalve.] (Bot.) Dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved; as, a quadrivalve pericarp.

Quad"ri*valve, n. (Arch.) A door, shutter, or the like, having four folds.

Quad`ri*val"vu*lar (?), a. Having four valves; quadrivalve.

Quad*riv"i*al (?), a. [L. quadrivium a place where four ways meet; quattuor four + via way.] Having four ways meeting in a point. B. Jonson.

Quad*riv"i*al, n. One of the four "liberal arts" making up the quadrivium.

||Quad*riv"i*um (?), n. [L.] The four "liberal arts," arithmetic, ||music, geometry, and astronomy; -- so called by the schoolmen. See ||Trivium.

Quad*roon" (?), n. [F. quarteron, or Sp. cuarteron. See Quarter a fourth part, and cf. Quarteron.] The offspring of a mulatto and a white person; a person quarter-blooded. [Written also quarteron, quarteroon, and quateron.]

Quad*rox"ide (?), n. [Quadri- + oxide.] (Chem.) A tetroxide. [R.]

||Quad*ru"ma*na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Quadrumane.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ||the Primates comprising the apes and monkeys; -- so called because ||the hind foot is usually prehensile, and the great toe opposable ||somewhat like a thumb. Formerly the Quadrumana were considered an ||order distinct from the Bimana, which last included man alone.

Quad"ru*mane (?), n. [L. quattuor four + manus a hand: cf. F. quadrumane.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Quadrumana.

Quad*ru"ma*nous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having four hands; of or pertaining to the Quadrumana.

Quad"ru*ped (?), a. [L. quadrupes, -pedis; quattuor four + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. quadrupËde. See Quadrate, and Foot.] Having four feet.

Quad"ru*ped, n. (Zoˆl.) An animal having four feet, as most mammals and reptiles; -- often restricted to the mammals.

Quad*ru"pe*dal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having four feet; of or pertaining to a quadruped.

Quad"ru*ple (?), a. [L. quadruplus, from quattuor four: cf. F. quadruple. See Quadrate, and cf. Double.] Fourfold; as, to make quadruple restitution; a quadruple alliance.

Quadruple time (Mus.), that in which each measure is divided into four equal parts.

Quad"ru*ple, n. [Cf. F. quadruple, L. quadruplum.] four times the sum or number; a fourfold amount; as, to receive to quadruple of the amount in damages.

Quad"ru*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadrupled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quadrupling (?).] [L. quadruplare: cf. F. quadrupler.] To multiply by four; to increase fourfold; to double; to double twice. A. Smith.

Quad"ru*ple, v. i. To be multiplied by four; to increase fourfold; to become four times as much.

Quad"ru*plex (?), a. [L., from quattuor four + plicare to fold.] Fourfold; folded or doubled twice.

Quadruplex system (Electric Telegraph), a system by which four messages, two in each direction, may be sent simultaneously over the wire.

Quad*ru"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadruplicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quadruplicating.] [L. quadruplicatus, p. p. of quadruplicare, fr. quadruple&?; fourfold. See Quadruplex.] To make fourfold; to double twice; to quadruple.

Quad*ru"pli*cate (?), a. [L. quadruplicatus, p. p.]

1. Fourfold; doubled twice; four times repeated; as, a quadruplicate ratio, or a quadruplicate proportion.

2. (Math.) Raised to the fourth power. [R.]

Quad`ru*pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. quadruplicatio: cf. F. quadruplication.] The act of making fourfold; a taking four times the simple sum or amount.

Quad"ru*ply (?), adv. To a fourfold quantity; so as to be, or cause to be, quadruple; as, to be quadruply recompensed.

||QuÊ"re (?), v. imperative. [L., imperative of quaerere to seek.] ||Inquire; question; see; - - used to signify doubt or to suggest ||investigation.

||QuÊs"tor (?), n. [L.] Same as Questor.

Quaff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quaffing.] [For quach, fr. Gael. & Ir. cuach a drinking cup; cf. L. caucus a drinking vessel. Cf. Quaigh.] To drink with relish; to drink copiously of; to swallow in large draughts. "Quaffed off the muscadel." Shak.

They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet Quaff immortality and joy.

Milton.

Quaff (?), v. i. To drink largely or luxuriously.

Twelve days the gods their solemn revels keep, And quaff with blameless Ethiops in the deep.

Dryden.

Quaff"er (?), n. One who quaffs, or drinks largely.

Quag (?), n. A quagmire. [R.] "Crooked or straight, through quags or thorny dells." Cowper.

Quag"ga (?), n. [Hottentot.] (Zoˆl.) A South African wild ass (Equus, or Hippotigris, quagga). The upper parts are reddish brown, becoming paler behind and behind and beneath, with dark stripes on the face, neck, and fore part of the body.

Quag"gy (?), a.[See Quag, Quagmire.] Of the nature of a quagmire; yielding or trembling under the foot, as soft, wet earth; spongy; boggy. "O'er the watery strath, or quaggy moss." Collins.

Quag"mire` (?), n. [Quake + mire.] Soft, wet, miry land, which shakes or yields under the feet. "A spot surrounded by quagmires, which rendered it difficult of access." Palfrey.

Syn. -- Morass; marsh; bog; swamp; fen; slough.

{ Qua"hog, Qua"haug } (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. Narragansett Indian poqua˚hock.] (Zoˆl.) An American market clam (Venus mercenaria). It is sold in large quantities, and is highly valued as food. Called also round clam, and hard clam.

The name is also applied to other allied species, as Venus Mortoni of the Gulf of Mexico.

{ Quaigh, Quaich } (?), n. [Gael. cuach. Cf. Quaff.] A small shallow cup or drinking vessel. [Scot.] [Written also quegh.]

Quail (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qualled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qualling.] [AS. cwelan to die, perish; akin to cwalu violent death, D. kwaal pain, G. qual torment, OHG. quelan to suffer torment, Lith. gelti to hurt, gela pain. Cf. Quell.] 1. To die; to perish; hence, to wither; to fade. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To become quelled; to become cast down; to sink under trial or apprehension of danger; to lose the spirit and power of resistance; to lose heart; to give way; to shrink; to cower.

The atheist power shall quail, and confess his fears. I. Taylor. Stouter hearts than a woman's have quailed in this terrible winter.

Longfellow.

Syn. -- to cower; flinch; shrink; quake; tremble; blench; succumb; yield.

Quail, v. t. [Cf. Quell.] To cause to fail in spirit or power; to quell; to crush; to subdue. [Obs.] Spenser.

Quail, v. i. [OF. coaillier, F. cailler, from L. coagulare. See Coagulate.] To curdle; to coagulate, as milk. [Obs.] Holland.

Quail, n. [OF. quaille, F. caille, LL. quaquila, qualia, qualea, of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. kwakkel, kwartel, OHG. wahtala, G. wachtel.]

1. (Zoˆl.) Any gallinaceous bird belonging to Coturnix and several allied genera of the Old World, especially the common European quail (C. communis), the rain quail (C. Coromandelica) of India, the stubble quail (C. pectoralis), and the Australian swamp quail (Synoicus australis).

2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several American partridges belonging to Colinus, Callipepla, and allied genera, especially the bobwhite (called Virginia quail, and Maryland quail), and the California quail (Calipepla Californica).

3. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of Turnix and allied genera, native of the Old World, as the Australian painted quail (Turnix varius). See Turnix.

4. A prostitute; -- so called because the quail was thought to be a very amorous bird.[Obs.] Shak.

Bustard quail (Zoˆl.), a small Asiatic quail-like bird of the genus Turnix, as T. taigoor, a black-breasted species, and the hill bustard quail (T. ocellatus). See Turnix. -- Button quail (Zoˆl.), one of several small Asiatic species of Turnix, as T. Sykesii, which is said to be the smallest game bird of India. -- Mountain quail. See under Mountain. -- Quail call, a call or pipe for alluring quails into a net or within range. -- Quail dove (Zoˆl.), any one of several American ground pigeons belonging to Geotrygon and allied genera. -- Quail hawk (Zoˆl.), the New Zealand sparrow hawk (Hieracidea NovÊ-HollandiÊ). -- Quail pipe. See Quail call, above. -- Quail snipe (Zoˆl.), the dowitcher, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also robin snipe, and brown snipe. -- Sea quail (Zoˆl.), the turnstone. [Local, U. S.]

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Quail"y (?), n. [Cf. Quail the bird.] (Zoˆl.) The upland plover. [Canadian]

Quaint (?), a. [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning, pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to know; con + noscere (for gnoscere) to know. See Know, and cf. Acquaint, Cognition.] 1. Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [Obs.]

Clerks be full subtle and full quaint.

Chaucer.

2. Characterized by ingenuity or art; finely fashioned; skillfully wrought; elegant; graceful; nice; neat. [Archaic] " The queynte ring." " His queynte spear." Chaucer. " A shepherd young quaint." Chapman.

Every look was coy and wondrous quaint.

Spenser.

To show bow quaint an orator you are.

Shak.

3. Curious and fanciful; affected; odd; whimsical; antique; archaic; singular; unusual; as, quaint architecture; a quaint expression.

Some stroke of quaint yet simple pleasantry.

Macaulay.

An old, long-faced, long-bodied servant in quaint livery.

W. Irving.

Syn. -- Quaint, Odd, Antique. Antique is applied to that which has come down from the ancients, or which is made to imitate some ancient work of art. Odd implies disharmony, incongruity, or unevenness. An odd thing or person is an exception to general rules of calculation and procedure, or expectation and common experience. In the current use of quaint, the two ideas of odd and antique are combined, and the word is commonly applied to that which is pleasing by reason of both these qualities. Thus, we speak of the quaint architecture of many old buildings in London; or a quaint expression, uniting at once the antique and the fanciful.

Quain"tise (?), n. [OF. cointise.] 1. Craft; subtlety; cunning. [Obs.] Chaucer. R. of Glouces.

2. Elegance; beauty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quaint"ly (?), adv. In a quaint manner. Shak.

Quaint"ness, n. The quality of being quaint. Pope.

Quair (?), n. [See 3d Quire.] A quire; a book. [Obs.] "The king's quhair." James I. (of Scotland).

Quake (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quaking.] [AS. cwacian; cf. G. quackeln. Cf. Quagmire.] 1. To be agitated with quick, short motions continually repeated; to shake with fear, cold, etc.; to shudder; to tremble. "Quaking for dread." Chaucer.

She stood quaking like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to seize.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as soft, wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; as, the earth quakes; the mountains quake. " Over quaking bogs." Macaulay.

Quake, v. t. [Cf. AS. cweccan to move, shake. See Quake, v. t.] To cause to quake. [Obs.] Shak.

Quake, n. A tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder; a quivering.

Quak"er (?), n. 1. One who quakes.

2. One of a religious sect founded by George Fox, of Leicestershire, England, about 1650, -- the members of which call themselves Friends. They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See Friend, n., 4.

Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of Quakers given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and lay struggling as if for life.

Encyc. Brit.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The nankeen bird. (b) The sooty albatross. (c) Any grasshopper or locust of the genus (Edipoda; -- so called from the quaking noise made during flight.

Quaker buttons. (Bot.) See Nux vomica. -- Quaker gun, a dummy cannon made of wood or other material; -- so called because the sect of Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine, of nonresistance. -- Quaker ladies (Bot.), a low American biennial plant (Houstonia cÊrulea), with pretty four- lobed corollas which are pale blue with a yellowish center; -- also called bluets, and little innocents.

Quak"er*ess, n. A woman who is a member of the Society of Friends.

Quak"er*ish, a. Like or pertaining to a Quaker; Quakerlike.

Quak"er*ism (?), n. The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of the Quakers.

Quak"er*like (?), a. Like a Quaker.

Quak"er*ly, a. Resembling Quakers; Quakerlike; Quakerish. Macaulay.

Quak"er*y (?), n. Quakerism. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Quake"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A wagtail.

Quak"i*ness (?), n. The state of being quaky; liability to quake.

Quak"ing, a. & n. from Quake, v.

Quaking aspen (Bot.), an American species of poplar (Populus tremuloides), the leaves of which tremble in the lightest breeze. It much resembles the European aspen. See Aspen. -- Quaking bog, a bog of forming peat so saturated with water that it shakes when trodden upon. -- Quaking grass. (Bot.) (a) One of several grasses of the genus Briza, having slender-stalked and pendulous ovate spikelets, which quake and rattle in the wind. Briza maxima is the large quaking grass; B. media and B. minor are the smaller kinds. (b) Rattlesnake grass (Glyceria Canadensis).

Quak"ing*ly (?), adv. In a quaking manner; fearfully. Sir P. Sidney.

Quak"y (?), a. Shaky, or tremulous; quaking.

Qual"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being qualified; abatable; modifiable. Barrow.

Qual`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. qualification. See Qualify.] 1. The act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified.

2. That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement, which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling quality or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession.

There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive.

Burke.

3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement; diminution; as, to use words without any qualification.

Qual"i*fi*ca*tive (?), n. That which qualifies, modifies, or restricts; a qualifying term or statement.

How many qualificatives, correctives, and restrictives he inserteth in this relation.

Fuller.

Qual"i*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [LL.] (R. C. Ch.) An officer whose business it is to examine and prepare causes for trial in the ecclesiastical courts.

Qual"i*fied (?), a. 1. Fitted by accomplishments or endowments.

2. Modified; limited; as, a qualified statement.

Qualified fee (Law), a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification annexed to it, the fee ceasing with the qualification, as a grant to A and his heirs, tenants of the manor of Dale. -- Qualified indorsement (Law), an indorsement which modifies the liability of the indorser that would result from the general principles of law, but does not affect the negotiability of the instrument. Story. -- Qualified negative (Legislation), a limited veto power, by which the chief executive in a constitutional government may refuse assent to bills passed by the legislative body, which bills therefore fail to become laws unless upon a reconsideration the legislature again passes them by a certain majority specified in the constitution, when they become laws without the approval of the executive. -- Qualified property (Law), that which depends on temporary possession, as that in wild animals reclaimed, or as in the case of a bailment.

Syn. -- Competent; fit; adapted. -- Qualified, Competent. Competent is most commonly used with respect to native endowments and general ability suited to the performance of a task or duty; qualified with respect to specific acquirements and training.

Qual"i*fied`ly, adv. In the way of qualification; with modification or qualification.

Qual"i*fied`ness, n. The state of being qualified.

Qual"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, qualifies; that which modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains.

Qual"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Qualified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qualifying (?).] [F. qualifier, LL. qualificare, fr. L. qualis how constituted, as + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Quality, and -Fy.] 1. To make such as is required; to give added or requisite qualities to; to fit, as for a place, office, occupation, or character; to furnish with the knowledge, skill, or other accomplishment necessary for a purpose; to make capable, as of an employment or privilege; to supply with legal power or capacity.

He had qualified himself for municipal office by taking the oaths to the sovereigns in possession.

Macaulay.

2. To give individual quality to; to modulate; to vary; to regulate.

It hath no larynx . . . to qualify the sound.

Sir T. Browne.

3. To reduce from a general, undefined, or comprehensive form, to particular or restricted form; to modify; to limit; to restrict; to restrain; as, to qualify a statement, claim, or proposition.

4. Hence, to soften; to abate; to diminish; to assuage; to reduce the strength of, as liquors.

I do not seek to quench your love's hot fire, But qualify the fire's extreme rage.

Shak.

5. To soothe; to cure; -- said of persons. [Obs.]

In short space he has them qualified.

Spenser.

Syn. -- To fit; equip; prepare; adapt; capacitate; enable; modify; soften; restrict; restrain; temper.

Qual"i*fy, v. i. 1. To be or become qualified; to be fit, as for an office or employment.

2. To obtain legal power or capacity by taking the oath, or complying with the forms required, on assuming an office.

Qual"i*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. LL. gualitativus, F. qualitatif.] Relating to quality; having the character of quality. -- Qual"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.

Qualitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which merely determines the constituents of a substance without any regard to the quantity of each ingredient; -- contrasted with quantitative analysis.

Qual"i*tied (?), a. Furnished with qualities; endowed. [Obs.] "He was well qualitied." Chapman.

Qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Qualities (#). [F. qualitÈ, L. qualitas, fr. qualis how constituted, as; akin to E. which. See Which.] 1. The condition of being of such and such a sort as distinguished from others; nature or character relatively considered, as of goods; character; sort; rank.

We lived most joyful, obtaining acquaintance with many of the city not of the meanest quality.

Bacon

2. Special or temporary character; profession; occupation; assumed or asserted rank, part, or position.

I made that inquiry in quality of an antiquary.

Gray.

3. That which makes, or helps to make, anything such as it is; anything belonging to a subject, or predicable of it; distinguishing property, characteristic, or attribute; peculiar power, capacity, or virtue; distinctive trait; as, the tones of a flute differ from those of a violin in quality; the great quality of a statesman.

Qualities, in metaphysics, are primary or secondary. Primary are those essential to the existence, and even the conception, of the thing, as of matter or spirit Secondary are those not essential to such a conception.

4. An acquired trait; accomplishment; acquisition.

He had those qualities of horsemanship, dancing, and fencing which accompany a good breeding.

Clarendon.

5. Superior birth or station; high rank; elevated character. "Persons of quality." Bacon.

Quality binding, a kind of worsted tape used in Scotland for binding carpets, and the like. -- The quality, those of high rank or station, as distinguished from the masses, or common people; the nobility; the gentry.

I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in my feathers, that the quality may see how pretty they will look in their traveling habits.

Addison.

Syn. -- Property; attribute; nature; peculiarity; character; sort; rank; disposition; temper.

Qualm (?), n. [AS. cwealm death, slaughter, pestilence, akin to OS. & OHG. qualm. See Quail to cower.] 1. Sickness; disease; pestilence; death. [Obs.]

thousand slain and not of qualm ystorve [dead].

Chaucer.

2. A sudden attack of illness, faintness, or pain; an agony. " Qualms of heartsick agony." Milton.

3. Especially, a sudden sensation of nausea.

For who, without a qualm, hath ever looked On holy garbage, though by Homer cooked?

Roscommon.

4. A prick or scruple of conscience; uneasiness of conscience; compunction. Dryden.

Qualm"ish, a. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea or sickly languor; inclined to vomit. Shak.

-- Qualm"ish*ly, adv. -- Qualm"ish*ness, n.

Quam"ash (?), n. (Bot.) See Camass.

Quam"o*clit (?), n. [Gr. &?; a bean + &?; to bend, to slope.] (Bot.) Formerly, a genus of plants including the cypress vine (Quamoclit vulgaris, now called Ipomúa Quamoclit). The genus is now merged in Ipomúa.

Quan"da*ry (?), n.; pl. Quandaries (#). [Prob. fr. OE. wandreth adversity, perplexity, Icel. wandrÊi difficulty, trouble, fr. vandr difficult.] A state of difficulty or perplexity; doubt; uncertainty.

Quan"da*ry, v. t. To bring into a state of uncertainty, perplexity, or difficulty. [Obs.] Otway.

Quan"dong (?), n. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of an Australian tree (Fusanus acuminatus) of the Sandalwood family; -- called also quandang.

Quan"dy (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The old squaw. [Local, U. S.]

Quan"net (?), n. A flat file having the handle at one side, so as to be used like a plane.

Quant (?), n. A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.

Quan"tic (?), n. [L. quantus how much. See Quantity.] (Math.) A homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in general containing only positive integral powers of the variables, and called quadric, cubic, quartic, etc., according as it is of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further called binary, ternary, quaternary, etc., according as they contain two, three, four, or more variables; thus, the quantic &?; is a binary cubic.

Quan`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Quantity.] Modification by a reference to quantity; the introduction of the element of quantity.

The quantification of the predicate belongs in part to Sir William Hamilton; viz., in its extension to negative propositions.

De Quincey.

Quan"ti*fy (?), v. t. [L. quantus now much + -fy.] To modify or qualify with respect to quantity; to fix or express the quantity of; to rate.

Quan"ti*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. quantitatif.] Relating to quantity. -- Quan"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv.

Quantitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which determines the amount or quantity of each ingredient of a substance, by weight or by volume; -- contrasted with qualitative analysis.

Quan"ti*tive (?), a. [See Quantity.] Estimable according to quantity; quantitative. Sir K. Digby.

Quan"ti*tive*ly, adv. So as to be measurable by quantity; quantitatively.

Quan"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Quantities (#). [F. quantite, L. quantitas, fr. quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow, E. how, who. See Who.]

1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the property of being measurable, or capable of increase and decrease, multiplication and division; greatness; and more concretely, that which answers the question "How much?"; measure in regard to bulk or amount; determinate or comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent; size. Hence, in specific uses: (a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a general conception, that is, the number of species or individuals to which it may be applied; also, its content or comprehension, that is, the number of its constituent qualities, attributes, or relations. (b) (Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which determines the time in which it is pronounced; as, the long or short quantity of a vowel or syllable. (c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone.

2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured; especially (Math.), anything to which mathematical processes are applicable.

Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate objects, as in number; continuous, when the parts are connected, either in succession, as in time, motion, etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of space, viz., length, breadth, and thickness.

3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a certain portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount; a large portion, bulk, or sum; as, a medicine taken in quantities, that is, in large quantities.

The quantity of extensive and curious information which he had picked up during many months of desultory, but not unprofitable, study.

Macaulay.

Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or degree of interest, as in fee, for life, or for years. Wharton (Law Dict. ) -- Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by its weight, or by its momentum under a given velocity. -- Quantity of motion (Mech.), in a body, the relative amount of its motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the product of mass and velocity. -- Known quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are given. -- Unknown quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are sought.

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Quan*tiv"a*lence (?), n. [L. quantus how much + E. valence.] (Chem.) Valence. [Archaic]

Quan*tiv"a*lent (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to quantivalence. [Archaic]

Quan"tum (?), n.; pl. Quanta (#). [L., neuter of quantus how great, how much. See Quantity,] 1. Quantity; amount. "Without authenticating . . . the quantum of the charges." Burke.

2. (Math.) A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary. W. K. Clifford.

||Quantum meruit (&?;) [L., as much as he merited] (Law), a count in an ||action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the ||plaintiff for his service as much as he should deserve. -- ||Quantum ||sufficit (&?;), or Quantum suff. [L., as much suffices] (Med.), a ||sufficient quantity. -- ||Quantum valebat (&?;) [L., as much at it ||was worth] (Law), a count in an action to recover of the defendant, ||for goods sold, as much as they were worth. Blackstone.

Quap (?), v. i. To quaver. [Obs.] See Quob.

Qua`qua*ver"sal (?), a. [L. quaqua wheresoever, whithersoever + versus, p. p. of vertere to turn.] 1. Turning or dipping in any or every direction.

2. (Geol.) Dipping toward all points of the compass round a center, as beds of lava round a crater.

Quar (?), n. A quarry. [Prov. Eng.] B. Jonson.

Quar"an*tine (?), n. [F. quarantaine, OF. quaranteine, fr. F. quarante forty, L. quadraginta, akin to quattuor four, and E. four: cf. It. quarantina, quarentine. See Four, and cf. Quadragesima.] 1. A space of forty days; -- used of Lent.

2. Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed.

Quarantine is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel or communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land as well as by sea.

3. (Eng. Law) The period of forty days during which the widow had the privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died seized.

Quarantine flag, a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a vessel or hung from a building, to give warning of an infectious disease; -- called also the yellow jack, and yellow flag.

Quar`an*tine" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarantined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quarantining.] To compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place, without intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to put under, or in, quarantine.

Quarl (?), n. [Cf. G. qualle.] (Zoˆl.) A medusa, or jellyfish. [R.]

The jellied quarl that flings At once a thousand streaming stings.

J. R. Drake.

Quar"rel (?), n. [OE. quarel, OF. quarrel, F. carreau, LL. quadrellus, from L. quadrus square. See Quadrate, and cf. Quadrel, Quarry an arrow, Carrel.] 1. An arrow for a crossbow; -- so named because it commonly had a square head. [Obs.]

To shoot with arrows and quarrel.

Sir J. Mandeville.

Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and quarrels.

Sir W. Scott.

2. (Arch.) Any small square or quadrangular member; as: (a) A square of glass, esp. when set diagonally. (b) A small opening in window tracery, of which the cusps, etc., make the form nearly square. (c) A square or lozenge-shaped paving tile.

3. A glazier's diamond. Simmonds.

4. A four-sided cutting tool or chisel having a diamond-shaped end.

Quar"rel, n. [OE. querele, OF. querele, F. querelle, fr. L. querela, querella, a complaint, fr. queri to complain. See Querulous.] 1. A breach of concord, amity, or obligation; a falling out; a difference; a disagreement; an antagonism in opinion, feeling, or conduct; esp., an angry dispute, contest, or strife; a brawl; an altercation; as, he had a quarrel with his father about expenses.

I will bring a sword upon you that shall avenge the quarrel of my covenant.

Lev. xxvi. 25.

On open seas their quarrels they debate.

Dryden.

2. Ground of objection, dislike, difference, or hostility; cause of dispute or contest; occasion of altercation.

Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him.

Mark vi. 19.

No man hath any quarrel to me.

Shak.

He thought he had a good quarrel to attack him.

Holinshed.

3. Earnest desire or longing. [Obs.] Holland.

To pick a quarrel. See under Pick, v. t.

Syn. -- Brawl; broil; squabble; affray; feud; tumult; contest; dispute; altercation; contention; wrangle.

Quar"rel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quarreled (?) or Quarrelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Quarreling or Quarrelling.] 1. To violate concord or agreement; to have a difference; to fall out; to be or become antagonistic.

Our people quarrel with obedience.

Shak.

But some defect in her Did quarrel with the noblest grace she owed.

Shak.

2. To dispute angrily, or violently; to wrangle; to scold; to altercate; to contend; to fight.

Beasts called sociable quarrel in hunger and lust.

Sir W. Temple.

3. To find fault; to cavil; as, to quarrel with one's lot.

I will not quarrel with a slight mistake.

Roscommon.

Quar"rel (?), v. t. 1. To quarrel with. [R.] "I had quarelled my brother purposely." B. Jonson.

2. To compel by a quarrel; as, to quarrel a man out of his estate or rights.

Quar"rel (?), n. [Written also quarreller.] One who quarrels or wrangles; one who is quarrelsome. Shak.

Quar"rel*et (?), n. A little quarrel. See 1st Quarrel, 2. [Obs.] "Quarrelets of pearl [teeth]." Herrick.

Quar"rel*ing, a. Engaged in a quarrel; apt or disposed to quarrel; as, quarreling factions; a quarreling mood. -- Quar"rel*ing*ly, adv.

Quar"rel*lous (?), a. [OF. querelous, F. querelleux, L. querulosus and querulus, fr. queri to complain. See 2d Quarrel.] Quarrelsome. [Obs.] [Written also quarrellous.] Shak.

Quar"rel*some (?), a. Apt or disposed to quarrel; given to brawls and contention; easily irritated or provoked to contest; irascible; choleric.

Syn. -- Pugnacious; irritable; irascible; brawling; choleric; fiery; petulant.

-- Quar"rel*some*ly, adv. -- Quar"rel*some*ness, n.

Quar"ried (?), a. Provided with prey.

Now I am bravely quarried.

Beau. & Fl.

Quar"ri*er (?), n. A worker in a stone quarry.

Quar"ry (?), n. [OE. quarre, OF. quarrÈ square, F. carrÈ, from L. quadratus square, quadrate, quadratum a square. See Quadrate, and cf. Quarrel an arrow.] Same as 1st Quarrel. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Quar"ry, a. [OF. quarrÈ.] Quadrate; square. [Obs.]

Quar"ry, n.; pl. Quarries (#). [OE. querre, OF. cuiriÈe, F. curÈe, fr. cuir hide, leather, fr. L. corium; the quarry given to the dogs being wrapped in the akin of the beast. See Cuirass.] 1. (a) A part of the entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds. (b) A heap of game killed.

2. The object of the chase; the animal hunted for; game; especially, the game hunted with hawks. "The stone- dead quarry." Spenser.

The wily quarry shunned the shock.

Sir W. Scott.

Quar"ry, v. i. To secure prey; to prey, as a vulture or harpy. L'Estrange.

Quar"ry, n. [OE. quarrere, OF. quariere, F. carriËre, LL. quadraria a quarry, whence squared (quadrati) stones are dug, fr. quadratus square. See Quadrate.] A place, cavern, or pit where stone is taken from the rock or ledge, or dug from the earth, for building or other purposes; a stone pit. See 5th Mine (a).

Quar"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quarrying.] To dig or take from a quarry; as, to quarry marble.

Quar"ry-faced` (?), a. (Stone Masonry) Having a face left as it comes from the quarry and not smoothed with the chisel or point; -- said of stones.

Quar"ry-man (?), n.; pl. Quarrymen (&?;). A man who is engaged in quarrying stones; a quarrier.

Quart (?), n. [F. quart, n. masc., fr. L. quartus the fourth, akin to quattuor four. See Four, and cf. 2d Carte, Quarto.] The fourth part; a quarter; hence, a region of the earth. [Obs.]

Camber did possess the western quart.

Spenser.

Quart, n. [F. quarte, n. fem., fr. quart fourth. See Quart a quarter.] 1. A measure of capacity, both in dry and in liquid measure; the fourth part of a gallon; the eighth part of a peck; two pints.

In imperial measure, a quart is forty English fluid ounces; in wine measure, it is thirty-two American fluid ounces. The United States dry quart contains 67.20 cubic inches, the fluid quart 57.75. The English quart contains 69.32 cubic inches.

2. A vessel or measure containing a quart.

Quart (?), n. [See Quart a quarter.] In cards, four successive cards of the same suit. Cf. Tierce, 4. Hoyle.

Quar"tan (?), a. [F. quartain, in fiËvre quartaine, L. quartanus, fr. quartus the fourth. See Quart.] Of or pertaining to the fourth; occurring every fourth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a quartan ague, or fever.

Quar"tan, n. 1. (Med.) An intermittent fever which returns every fourth day, reckoning inclusively, that is, one in which the interval between paroxysms is two days.

2. A measure, the fourth part of some other measure.

Quar"tane (?), n. [L. quartus the fourth.] (Chem.) Butane, each molecule of which has four carbon atoms.

Quar*ta"tion (?), n. [L. quartus the fourth: cf. F. quartation. So called because usually enough silver is added to make the amount of gold in the alloyed button about one fourth.] (Chem. & Assaying) The act, process, or result (in the process of parting) of alloying a button of nearly pure gold with enough silver to reduce the fineness so as to allow acids to attack and remove all metals except the gold; -- called also inquartation. Compare Parting.

||Quarte (?), n. [F.] Same as 2d Carte.

Quar"tene (?), n. [Ouartane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Same as Butylene.

Quar"ten*yl"ic (?), a. [Quartene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic acid series, metameric with crotonic acid, and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from having four carbon atoms in the molecule. Called also isocrotonic acid.

Quar"ter (?), n. [F. quartier, L. quartarius a fourth part, fr. quartus the fourth. See Quart.] 1. One of four equal parts into which anything is divided, or is regarded as divided; a fourth part or portion; as, a quarter of a dollar, of a pound, of a yard, of an hour, etc. Hence, specifically: (a) The fourth of a hundred-weight, being 25 or 28 pounds, according as the hundredweight is reckoned at 100 or 112 pounds. (b) The fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels of grain; as, a quarter of wheat; also, the fourth part of a chaldron of coal. Hutton. (c) (Astron.) The fourth part of the moon's period, or monthly revolution; as, the first quarter after the change or full. (d) One limb of a quadruped with the adjacent parts; one fourth part of the carcass of a slaughtered animal, including a leg; as, the fore quarters; the hind quarters. (e) That part of a boot or shoe which forms the side, from the heel to the vamp. (f) (Far.) That part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, being the side of the coffin. (g) A term of study in a seminary, college, etc, etc.; properly, a fourth part of the year, but often longer or shorter. (h) pl. (Mil.) The encampment on one of the principal passages round a place besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys. (i) (Naut.) The after-part of a vessel's side, generally corresponding in extent with the quarter-deck; also, the part of the yardarm outside of the slings. (j) (Her.) One of the divisions of an escutcheon when it is divided into four portions by a horizontal and a perpendicular line meeting in the fess point.

When two coats of arms are united upon one escutcheon, as in case of marriage, the first and fourth quarters display one shield, the second and third the other. See Quarter, v. t., 5.

(k) One of the four parts into which the horizon is regarded as divided; a cardinal point; a direction' principal division; a region; a territory.

Scouts each coast light-armed scour, Each quarter, to descry the distant foe.

Milton.

(l) A division of a town, city, or county; a particular district; a locality; as, the Latin quarter in Paris. (m) (Arch.) A small upright timber post, used in partitions; -- in the United States more commonly called stud. (n) (Naut.) The fourth part of the distance from one point of the compass to another, being the fourth part of 11∞ 15&prime;, that is, about 2∞ 49&prime;; -- called also quarter point.

2. Proper station; specific place; assigned position; special location.

Swift to their several quarters hasted then The cumbrous elements.

Milton.

Hence, specifically: (a) (Naut.) A station at which officers and men are posted in battle; -- usually in the plural. (b) Place of lodging or temporary residence; shelter; entertainment; -- usually in the plural.

The banter turned as to what quarters each would find.

W. Irving.

(c) pl. (Mil.) A station or encampment occupied by troops; a place of lodging for soldiers or officers; as, winter quarters. (d) Treatment shown by an enemy; mercy; especially, the act of sparing the life a conquered enemy; a refraining from pushing one's advantage to extremes.

He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer them quarter for their lives.

Clarendon.

Cocks and lambs . . . at the mercy of cats and wolves . . . must never expect better quarter.

L'Estrange.

3. Friendship; amity; concord. [Obs.] To keep quarter, to keep one's proper place, and so be on good terms with another. [Obs.]

In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom.

Shak.

I knew two that were competitors for the secretary's place, . . . and yet kept good quarter between themselves.

Bacon.

False quarter, a cleft in the quarter of a horse's foot. -- Fifth quarter, the hide and fat; -- a butcher's term. -- On the quarter (Naut.), in a direction between abeam and astern; opposite, or nearly opposite, a vessel's quarter. -- Quarter aspect. (Astrol.) Same as Quadrate. - - Quarter back (Football), the player who has position next behind center rush, and receives the ball on the snap back. -- Quarter badge (Naut.), an ornament on the side of a vessel near, the stern. Mar. Dict. -- Quarter bill (Naut.), a list specifying the different stations to be taken by the officers and crew in time of action, and the names of the men assigned to each. -- Quarter block (Naut.), a block fitted under the quarters of a yard on each side of the slings, through which the clew lines and sheets are reeved. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Quarter boat (Naut.), a boat hung at a vessel's quarter. -- Quarter cloths (Naut.), long pieces of painted canvas, used to cover the quarter netting. -- Quarter day, a day regarded as terminating a quarter of the year; hence, one on which any payment, especially rent, becomes due. In matters influenced by United States statutes, quarter days are the first days of January, April, July, and October. In New York and many other places, as between landlord and tenant, they are the first days of May, August, November, and February. The quarter days usually recognized in England are 25th of March (Lady Day), the 24th of June (Midsummer Day), the 29th of September (Michaelmas Day), and the 25th of December (Christmas Day). -- Quarter face, in fine arts, portrait painting, etc., a face turned away so that but one quarter is visible. -- Quarter gallery (Naut.), a balcony on the quarter of a ship. See Gallery, 4. -- Quarter gunner (Naut.), a petty officer who assists the gunner. -- Quarter look, a side glance. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Quarter nettings (Naut.), hammock nettings along the quarter rails. -- Quarter note (Mus.), a note equal in duration to half a minim or a fourth of semibreve; a crochet. -- Quarter pieces (Naut.), several pieces of timber at the after-part of the quarter gallery, near the taffrail. Totten. -- Quarter point. (Naut.) See Quarter, n., 1 (n). -- Quarter railing, or Quarter rails (Naut.), narrow molded planks reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence to the quarter-deck. -- Quarter sessions (Eng. Law), a general court of criminal jurisdiction held quarterly by the justices of peace in counties and by the recorders in boroughs. -- Quarter square (Math.), the fourth part of the square of a number. Tables of quarter squares have been devised to save labor in multiplying numbers. -- Quarter turn, Quarter turn belt (Mach.), an arrangement in which a belt transmits motion between two shafts which are at right angles with each other. -- Quarter watch (Naut.), a subdivision of the full watch (one fourth of the crew) on a man-of- war. -- To give, or show, quarter (Mil.), to accept as prisoner, on submission in battle; to forbear to kill, as a vanquished enemy. -- To keep quarter. See Quarter, n., 3.

Quar"ter (kw‰r"tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quartering.] 1. To divide into four equal parts.

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2. To divide; to separate into parts or regions.

Then sailors quartered heaven.

Dryden.

3. To furnish with shelter or entertainment; to supply with the means of living for a time; especially, to furnish shelter to; as, to quarter soldiers.

They mean this night in Sardis to be quartered.

Shak.

4. To furnish as a portion; to allot. [R.]

This isle . . . He quarters to his blue-haired deities.

Milton.

5. (Her.) To arrange (different coats of arms) upon one escutcheon, as when a man inherits from both father and mother the right to bear arms.

When only two coats of arms are so combined they are arranged in four compartments. See Quarter, n., 1 (f).

Quar"ter (kw‰r"tr), v. i. To lodge; to have a temporary residence.

Quar"ter, v. i. [F. cartayer.] To drive a carriage so as to prevent the wheels from going into the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the wheels.

Every creature that met us would rely on us for quartering.

De Quincey.

Quar"ter*age (?), n. A quarterly allowance.

Quar"ter-deck` (?), n. (Naut.) That part of the upper deck abaft the mainmast, including the poop deck when there is one.

The quarter-deck is reserved as a promenade for the officers and (in passenger vessels) for the cabin passengers.

Quar"ter*foil` (?), n. [Quarier + foil: cf. F. quatre.] (Arch.) An ornamental foliation having four lobes, or foils.

Quar"ter*hung` (?), a. (Ordnance) Having trunnions the axes of which lie below the bore; -- said of a cannon.

Quar"ter*ing, a. 1. (Naut.) Coming from a point well abaft the beam, but not directly astern; -- said of waves or any moving object.

2. (Mach.) At right angles, as the cranks of a locomotive, which are in planes forming a right angle with each other.

Quar"ter*ing, n. 1. A station. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers; quarters.

3. (Her.) (a) The division of a shield containing different coats of arms into four or more compartments. (b) One of the different coats of arms arranged upon an escutcheon, denoting the descent of the bearer.

4. (Arch.) A series of quarters, or small upright posts. See Quarter, n., 1 (m) (Arch.) Gwilt.

Quartering block, a block on which the body of a condemned criminal was quartered. Macaulay.

Quar"ter*ly, a. 1. Containing, or consisting of, a fourth part; as, quarterly seasons.

2. Recurring during, or at the end of, each quarter; as, quarterly payments of rent; a quarterly meeting.

Quar"ter*ly, n.; pl. Quarterlies (&?;). A periodical work published once a quarter, or four times in a year.

Quar"ter*ly, adv. 1. By quarters; once in a quarter of a year; as, the returns are made quarterly.

2. (Her.) In quarters, or quarterings; as, to bear arms quarterly; in four or more parts; -- said of a shield thus divided by lines drawn through it at right angles.

Quar"ter*mas`ter (?), n. [Quarter + master: cf. F. quartier-maÓtre.] 1. (Mil.) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies.

2. (Naut.) A petty officer who attends to the helm, binnacle, signals, and the like, under the direction of the master. Totten.

Quartermaster general (Mil.), in the United States a staff officer, who has the rank of brigadier general and is the chief officer in the quartermaster's department; in England, an officer of high rank stationed at the War Office having similar duties; also, a staff officer, usually a general officer, accompanying each complete army in the field. -- Quartermaster sergeant. See Sergeant.

Quar"tern (?), n.[OE. quarteroun, quartron, F. quarteron, the fourth part of a pound, or of a hundred; cf. L. quartarius a fourth part, quarter of any measure, quartern, gill. See Quarter, and cf. Quarteron, Quadroon.] 1. A quarter. Specifically: (a) The fourth part of a pint; a gill. (b) The fourth part of a peck, or of a stone (14 ibs.).

2. A loaf of bread weighing about four pounds; -- called also quartern loaf. Simmonds.

Quar"ter*on (?), n. [F. See Quartern.] A quarter; esp., a quarter of a pound, or a quarter of a hundred. Piers Plowman.

{ Quar"ter*on (?), Quar"ter*oon (?) }, n. A quadroon.

Quar"ter*pace` (?), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the stair turns at a right angle only. See Halfpace.

Quar"ter round` (?). (Arch.) An ovolo.

Quar"ter*staff` (?), n.; pl. Quarterstaves (&?;). A long and stout staff formerly used as a weapon of defense and offense; -- so called because in holding it one hand was placed in the middle, and the other between the middle and the end.

{ Quar*tet", Quar*tette" } (?), n. [It. quartetto, dim. of quarto the fourth, a fourth part, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See Quart.] 1. (Mus.) (a) A composition in four parts, each performed by a single voice or instrument. (b) The set of four person who perform a piece of music in four parts.

2. (Poet.) A stanza of four lines.

Quar"tic (?), a. [L. quartus fourth.] (Mach.) Of the fourth degree.

Quar"tic (?), n. (a) (Alg.) A quantic of the fourth degree. See Quantic. (b) (Geom.) A curve or surface whose equation is of the fourth degree in the variables.

Quar"tile (?), n. [F. quartile aspect, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See Quart.] (Astrol.) Same as Quadrate.

Quar"tine (?), n. [F., fr. L. quartus the fourth.] (Bot.) A supposed fourth integument of an ovule, counting from the outside.

Quar"to (?), a. [L. in quarto in fourth, from quartus the fourth: cf. F. (in) quarto. See Quart.] Having four leaves to the sheet; of the form or size of a quarto.

Quar"to, n.; pl. Quartos (&?;). Originally, a book of the size of the fourth of sheet of printing paper; a size leaves; in present usage, a book of a square or nearly square form, and usually of large size.

Quar"tridge (?), n. Quarterage. [Obs.]

Quartz (?), n. [G. quarz.] (Min.) A form of silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO2), occurring in hexagonal crystals, which are commonly colorless and transparent, but sometimes also yellow, brown, purple, green, and of other colors; also in cryptocrystalline massive forms varying in color and degree of transparency, being sometimes opaque.

The crystalline varieties include: amethyst, violet; citrine and false topaz, pale yellow; rock crystal, transparent and colorless or nearly so; rose quartz, rosecolored; smoky quartz, smoky brown. The chief crypto-crystalline varieties are: agate, a chalcedony in layers or clouded with different colors, including the onyx and sardonyx; carnelian and sard, red or flesh- colored chalcedony; chalcedony, nearly white, and waxy in luster; chrysoprase, an apple-green chalcedony; flint, hornstone, basanite, or touchstone, brown to black in color and compact in texture; heliotrope, green dotted with red; jasper, opaque, red yellow, or brown, colored by iron or ferruginous clay; prase, translucent and dull leek-green. Quartz is an essential constituent of granite, and abounds in rocks of all ages. It forms the rocks quartzite (quartz rock) and sandstone, and makes most of the sand of the seashore.

Quartz*if"er*ous (?), a. [Quartz + -ferous.] (Min.) Consisting chiefly of quartz; containing quartz.

Quartz"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. quartzite.] (Min.) Massive quartz occurring as a rock; a metamorphosed sandstone; -- called also quartz rock.

Quartz"oid (?), n. [Quartz + - oid.] (Crystallog.) A form of crystal common with quartz, consisting of two six-sided pyramids, base to base.

Quartz"ose` (?), a. [Cf. F. quartzeux, G. quarzig.] (Min.) Containing, or resembling, quartz; partaking of the nature or qualities of quartz.

quartz"ous (?), a. (Min.) Quarzose.

Quartz"y (?), a. (Min.) Quartzose.

Quas (?), n. A kind of beer. Same as Quass.

{ Quas"chi (?), Quas"je (?) }, n. (Zoˆl.) The brown coati. See Coati.

Quash (?), n. Same as Squash.

Quash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quashing.] [OF. quasser, F. casser, fr. L. cassare to annihilate, annul, fr. cassus empty, vain, of uncertain origin. The word has been confused with L. quassare to shake, F. casser to break, which is probably of different origin. Cf. Cashier, v. t.] (Law) To abate, annul, overthrow, or make void; as, to quash an indictment. Blackstone.

Quash, v. t. [OF. quasser, F. casser, fr. L. quassare to shake, shatter, shiver, v. intens. fr. quatere, quassum, to shake, shatter. Cf. Concussion, Discuss, Rescue, and also Quash to annul.] 1. To beat down, or beat in pieces; to dash forcibly; to crush.

The whales Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, quashed, Though huge as mountains, are in pieces dashed.

Waller.

2. To crush; to subdue; to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely; as, to quash a rebellion.

Contrition is apt to quash or allay all worldly grief.

Barrow.

Quash, v. i. To be shaken, or dashed about, with noise.

Quash"ee (?), n. A negro of the West Indies.

Qua"si (?). [L.] As if; as though; as it were; in a manner sense or degree; having some resemblance to; qualified; -- used as an adjective, or a prefix with a noun or an adjective; as, a quasi contract, an implied contract, an obligation which has arisen from some act, as if from a contract; a quasi corporation, a body that has some, but not all, of the peculiar attributes of a corporation; a quasi argument, that which resembles, or is used as, an argument; quasi historical, apparently historical, seeming to be historical.

Quas`i*mo"do (?), n. [So called from the first words of the Latin introit, quasi modo geniti infantes as newborn babes, 1 Pet. ii. 2.] (R. C. Ch.) The first Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

Quass (?), n. [Russ. kvas'.] A thin, sour beer, made by pouring warm water on rye or barley meal and letting it ferment, -- much used by the Russians. [written also quas.]

Quas*sa"tion (?), n. [L. quassatio, from quassare to shake. See Quash to crush.] The act of shaking, or the state of being shaken. Gayton.

Quas"si*a (?), n. [NL. From the name of a negro, Quassy, or Quash, who prescribed this article as a specific.] The wood of several tropical American trees of the order SimarubeÊ, as Quassia amara, PicrÊna excelsa, and Simaruba amara. It is intensely bitter, and is used in medicine and sometimes as a substitute for hops in making beer.

Quas"sin (?), n. [Cf. F. quassine. See Quassia.] (Chem.) The bitter principle of quassia, extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly called quassite. [Written also quassin, and quassine.]

Quat (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (a) A pustule. [Obs.] (b) An annoying, worthless person. Shak.

Quat, v. t. To satiate; to satisfy. [Prov. Eng.]

Qua"ta (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The coaita.

Quatch (?), a. Squat; flat. [Obs.] Shak.

Qua"ter-cous`in (?), n. [F. quatre four + cousin, E. cousin.] A cousin within the first four degrees of kindred.

Qua*ter"na*ry (?), a. [L. quaternarius consisting of four each, containing four, fr. quaterni four each, fr. quattuor four: cf. F. quaternaire. See Four.]

1. Consisting of four; by fours, or in sets of four.

2. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Tertiary; Post-tertiary; as, the Quaternary age, or Age of man.

Qua*ter"na*ry, n. [L. numerus quaternarius: cf. F. quaternaire.] 1. The number four. Boyle.

2. (Geol.) The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the Chart of Geology.

Qua*ter"nate (?), a. Composed of, or arranged in, sets of four; quaternary; as, quaternate leaves.

Qua*ter"ni*on (?), n. [L. quaternio, fr. quaterni four each. See Quaternary.] 1. The number four. [Poetic]

2. A set of four parts, things, or person; four things taken collectively; a group of four words, phrases, circumstances, facts, or the like.

Delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers.

Acts xii. 4.

Ye elements, the eldest birth Of Nature's womb, that in quaternion run.

Milton.

The triads and quaternions with which he loaded his sentences.

Sir W. Scott.

3. A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.

4. (Math.) The quotient of two vectors, or of two directed right lines in space, considered as depending on four geometrical elements, and as expressible by an algebraic symbol of quadrinomial form.

The science or calculus of quaternions is a new mathematical method, in which the conception of a quaternion is unfolded and symbolically expressed, and is applied to various classes of algebraical, geometrical, and physical questions, so as to discover theorems, and to arrive at the solution of problems. Sir W. R. Hamilton.

Qua*ter"ni*on, v. t. To divide into quaternions, files, or companies. Milton.

Qua*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [LL. quaternitas, fr. L. quaterni four each: cf. F. quaternitÈ.] 1. The number four. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The union of four in one, as of four persons; -- analogous to the theological term trinity.

Qua"ter*on (?), n. See 2d Quarteron.

Qua*torz"ain (?), n. [See Quatorze.] A poem of fourteen lines; a sonnet. R. H. Stoddard.

Qua*torze" (?), n. [F. quatorze fourteen, L. quattuordecim. See Fourteen.] The four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens, in the game of piquet; -- so called because quatorze counts as fourteen points.

Quat"rain (?), n. [F., fr. quatre four, L. quattuor, quatuor. See Four.] (Pros.) A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. Dryden.

Qua"tre (?), n. [F.] A card, die. or domino, having four spots, or pips

{ Qua"tre*feuille (?), Qua"tre*foil (?), } n. [F. quatre feuilles.] Same as Quarterfoil.

Quat"u*or (?), n. [F., fr. L. quattuor, quatuor, four. See Quartet.] (Mus.) A quartet; -- applied chiefly to instrumental compositions.

Quave (?), n. See Quaver. [Obs.]

Quave, v. i. To quaver. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Quave"mire` (?), n. See Quagmire. [Obs.]

Qua"ver, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quavering.] [OE. quaven to shake, to tremble; cf. LG. quabbeln to shake, to be soft, of fat substances, quabbe a fat lump of flesh, a dewlap, D. kwabbe, and E. quiver, v.] 1. To tremble; to vibrate; to shake. Sir I. Newton.

2. Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid or tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical instrument

Qua"ver, v. t. To utter with quavers.

We shall hear her quavering them . . . to some sprightly airs of the opera.

Addison.

Qua"ver, n. 1. A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice, or of an instrument of music.

2. (Mus.) An eighth note. See Eighth.

Qua"ver*er (?), n. One who quavers; a warbler.

Quay (?), n. [F. quai. See Key quay.] A mole, bank, or wharf, formed toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels. [Written also key.]

Quay (?), v. t. To furnish with quays.

Quay"age (?), n. [F.] Wharfage. [Also keyage.]

Quayd (?), p. p. of Quail. [Obs.] Spenser.

Que (?), n. [Cf. 3d Cue.] A half farthing. [Obs.]

Queach (?), n. [Cf. Quick.] A thick, bushy plot; a thicket. [Obs.] Chapman.

Queach, v. i. [Cf. E. quich, v. i., quick, v. i.; or AS. cweccan to shake.] To stir; to move. See Quick, v. i. [Obs.]

Queach"y (?), a. 1. Yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or boggy ground; shaking; moving. "The queachy fens." "Godwin's queachy sands." Drayton.

2. Like a queach; thick; bushy. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Quean (?), n. [Originally, a woman, AS. cwene; akin to OS. quena, OHG. quena, Icel. kona, Goth qin&?;, and AS. cwÈn, also to Gr. &?; woman, wife, Skr. gn goddess. Cf. Queen.] 1. A woman; a young or unmarried woman; a girl. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

2. A low woman; a wench; a slut. "The dread of every scolding quean." Gay.

Quea"si*ly (?), adv. In a queasy manner.

Quea"si*ness, n. The state of being queasy; nausea; qualmishness; squeamishness. Shak.

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Quea"sy (?), a. [Icel. kweisa pain; cf. Norw. kveis sickness after a debauch.] 1. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; qualmish.

2. Fastidious; squeamish; delicate; easily disturbed; unsettled; ticklish. " A queasy question." Shak.

Some seek, when queasy conscience has its qualms.

Cowper.

Que*bec" group` (?). (Geol.) The middle of the three groups into which the rocks of the Canadian period have been divided in the American Lower Silurian system. See the Chart of Geology.

||Que*bra"cho (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A Chilian apocynaceous tree ||(Aspidosperma Quebracho); also, its bark, which is used as a ||febrifuge, and for dyspnúa of the lung, or bronchial diseases; -- ||called also white quebracho, to distinguish it from the red ||quebracho, a Mexican anacardiaceous tree (Loxopterygium Lorentzii) ||whose bark is said to have similar properties. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. ||Plants).

Queb"rith (?), n. [OE. quebrit, quibrith, Ar. kibrt.] (Alchemy) Sulphur. [Obs.]

{ Quech (?), Queck (?), } v. i. [Cf. Quick, Queach.] A word occurring in a corrupt passage of Bacon's Essays, and probably meaning, to stir, to move.

Queen (?), n. [OE. quen, quene, queen, quean, AS. cwn wife, queen, woman; akin to OS. qun wife, woman, Icel. kvn wife, queen, Goth. qns. &radic;221. See Quean.] 1. The wife of a king.

2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; as, Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scots.

In faith, and by the heaven's quene.

Chaucer.

3. A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind; as, a queen in society; -- also used figuratively of cities, countries, etc. " This queen of cities." " Albion, queen of isles." Cowper.

4. The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and termites.

5. (Chess) The most powerful, and except the king the most important, piece in a set of chessmen.

6. A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; as, the queen of spades.

Queen apple. [Cf. OE. quyne aple quince apple.] A kind of apple; a queening. "Queen apples and red cherries." Spenser. -- Queen bee (Zoˆl.), a female bee, especially the female of the honeybee. See Honeybee. -- Queen conch (Zoˆl.), a very large West Indian cameo conch (Cassis cameo). It is much used for making cameos. -- Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king. Blackstone. -- Queen dowager, the widow of a king. -- Queen gold, formerly a revenue of the queen consort of England, arising from gifts, fines, etc. -- Queen mother, a queen dowager who is also mother of the reigning king or queen. -- Queen of May. See May queen, under May. -- Queen of the meadow (Bot.), a European herbaceous plant (SpirÊa Ulmaria). See Meadowsweet. -- Queen of the prairie (Bot.), an American herb (SpirÊa lobata) with ample clusters of pale pink flowers. -- Queen pigeon (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of very large and handsome crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, native of New Guinea and the adjacent islands. They are mostly pale blue, or ash-blue, marked with white, and have a large occipital crest of spatulate feathers. Called also crowned pigeon, goura, and Victoria pigeon. -- Queen regent, or Queen regnant, a queen reigning in her own right. -- Queen's Bench. See King's Bench. -- Queen's counsel, Queen's evidence. See King's counsel, King's evidence, under King. -- Queen's delight (Bot.), an American plant (Stillinqia sylvatica) of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a perennial woody root. -- Queen's metal (Metal.), an alloy somewhat resembling pewter or britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with a slight admixture of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper. -- Queen's pigeon. (Zoˆl.) Same as Queen pigeon, above. -- Queen's ware, glazed English earthenware of a cream color. -- Queen's yellow (Old Chem.), a heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- formerly called turpetum minerale, or Turbith's mineral.

Queen, v. i. To act the part of a queen. Shak.

Queen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Queened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Queening.] (Chess.) To make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) of by moving it to the eighth row; as, to queen a pawn.

Queen"craft` (?), n. Craft or skill in policy on the part of a queen.

Elizabeth showed much queencraft in procuring the votes of the nobility.

Fuller.

Queen"dom (?), n. The dominion, condition, or character of a queen. Mrs. Browning.

Queen"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A California sciÊnoid food fish (Seriphys politus). The back is bluish, and the sides and belly bright silvery. Called also kingfish.

Queen"hood (?), n. The state, personality, or character of a queen; queenliness. Tennyson.

Queen"ing (?), n. [See Queen apple.] (Bot.) Any one of several kinds of apples, as summer queening, scarlet queening, and early queening. An apple called the queening was cultivated in England two hundred years ago.

Queen"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being queenly; the; characteristic of a queen; stateliness; eminence among women in attractions or power.

Queen"ly, a. [AS. cwnlic feminine.] Like, becoming, or suitable to, a queen.

Queen"-post` (?), n. [Arch.] One of two suspending posts in a roof truss, or other framed truss of similar form. See King-post.

Queen"ship, n. The state, rank, or dignity of a queen.

Queens"land nut` (?). (Bot.) The nut of an Australian tree (Macadamia ternifolia). It is about an inch in diameter, and contains a single round edible seed, or sometimes two hemispherical seeds. So called from Queensland in Australia.

Queen" truss (?). (Arch.) A truss framed with queen-posts; a queen-post truss.

Queer (?), a. [Compar. Queerer (?); superl. Queerest.] [G. quer cross, oblique, athwart (cf. querkopf a queer fellow), OHG. twer, twerh, dwerah; akin to D. dvars, AS, ˛weorh thwart, bent, twisted, Icel. ˛verr thwart, transverse, Goth. ˛waÏrhs angry, and perh. to L. torqyere to twist, and E. through. Cf. Torture, Through, Thwart, a.] 1. At variance with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd way from what is ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; as, a queer story or act. " A queer look." W. Irving.

2. Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; as, a queer transaction. [Colloq.]

Queer, n. Counterfeit money. [Slang]

To shove the queer, to put counterfeit money in circulation. [Slang]

Queer"ish, a. Rather queer; somewhat singular.

Queer"ly, adv. In a queer or odd manner.

Queer"ness, n. The quality or state of being queer.

Queest (?), n. [Cf. Icel. kvisa a kind of bird, kvistr a branch of a tree, and E. cushat.] (Zoˆl.) The European ringdove (Columba palumbus); the cushat. [Written also quist, queeze, quice, queece.] See Ringdove.

Quegh (?), n. A drinking vessel. See Quaich.

Queint (?), a. See Quaint. [Obs.]

Queint, obs. imp. & p. p. of Quench. Chaucer.

Queint"ise (?), n. See Quaintise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quell (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quelled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Quelling.] [See Quail to cower.]

1. To die. [Obs.]

Yet he did quake and quaver, like to quell.

Spenser.

2. To be subdued or abated; to yield; to abate. [R.]

Winter's wrath begins to quell.

Spenser.

Quell, v. t. [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of cwelan to die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See Quail to cower.] 1. To take the life of; to kill. [Obs.] Spenser.

The ducks cried as [if] men would them quelle.

Chaucer.

2. To overpower; to subdue; to put down.

The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and enabled him to quell the disaffected minority.

Macaulay.

Northward marching to quell the sudden revolt.

Longfellow.

3. To quiet; to allay; to pacify; to cause to yield or cease; as, to quell grief; to quell the tumult of the soul.

Much did his words the gentle lady quell.

Spenser.

Syn. -- to subdue; crush; overpower; reduce; put down; repress; suppress; quiet; allay; calm; pacify.

Quell, n. Murder. [Obs.] Shak.

Quell"er (?), n. 1. A killer; as, Jack the Giant Queller. [Obs.] Wyclif (Mark vi. 27).

2. One who quells; one who overpowers or subdues.

Quel"li*o (?), n. [Sp. cuello, L. collum neck.] A ruff for the neck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

||Quelque"chose` (?), n. [F. quelque chose something.] A trifle; a ||kickshaw. Donne.

Queme (?), v. t. & i. [AS. cwman, akin to cuman to come. &radic;23.] To please. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Queme"ful (?), a. Kindly; merciful. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Quench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quenching.] [OE. quenchen, AS. cwencan in cwencan, to extinguish utterly, causative of cwincan, cwincan, to decrease, disappear; cf. AS. cwnan, cwnan, to waste or dwindle away.] 1. To extinguish; to overwhelm; to make an end of; -- said of flame and fire, of things burning, and figuratively of sensations and emotions; as, to quench flame; to quench a candle; to quench thirst, love, hate, etc.

Ere our blood shall quench that fire.

Shak.

The supposition of the lady's death Will quench the wonder of her infamy.

Shak.

2. To cool suddenly, as heated steel, in tempering.

Syn. -- To extinguish; still; stifle; allay; cool; check.

Quench, v. i. To become extinguished; to go out; to become calm or cool. [R.]

Dost thou think in time She will not quench!

Shak.

Quench"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being quenched.

Quench"er (?), n. One who, or that which, quenches. Hammond.

Quench"less, a. Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as, quenchless fire or fury. "Once kindled, quenchless evermore." Byron.

Syn. -- Inextinguishable; unquenchable.

-- Quench"less*ly, adv. -- Quench"less*ness, n.

Que*nelle" (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of delicate forcemeat, commonly poached and used as a dish by itself or for garnishing.

Que*nouille train"ing (?). [F. quenouille distaff.] (Hort.) A method of training trees or shrubs in the shape of a cone or distaff by tying down the branches and pruning.

Quer`ci*tan"nic (?), a. [L. quercus an oak + E. tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a tannic acid found in oak bark and extracted as a yellowish brown amorphous substance.

Quer"cite (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H7(OH)5, found in acorns, the fruit of the oak (Quercus). It has a sweet taste, and is regarded as a pentacid alcohol.

Quer"ci*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, occurring quite widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, as is apple-tree bark, horse- chestnut leaves, etc., but originally obtained by the decomposition of quercitrin. Called also meletin.

Quer"cit*rin (?), n. [Cf. F. quercitrin. See Quercitron.] (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called quercitron.

Quer"cit*ron (?), n. [F. quercitron, the name of the name of tree; L. quercus an oak + citrus the citron tree.] 1. The yellow inner bark of the Quercus tinctoria, the American black oak, yellow oak, dyer's oak, or quercitron oak, a large forest tree growing from Maine to eastern Texas.

2. Quercitrin, used as a pigment. See Quercitrin.

||Quer"cus (?), n. [L., an oak.] (Bot.) A genus of trees constituted by ||the oak. See Oak.

Quer"ele (?), n. [See 2d Quarrel.] (O. Eng. Law) A complaint to a court. See Audita Querela. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Que"rent (?), n. [L. querens, p. pr. of queri to complain.] (O. Eng. Law) A complainant; a plaintiff.

Que"rent, n. [L. quaerens, p. pr. of quaerere to search for, to inquire.] An inquirer. [Obs.] Aubrey.

Quer`i*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [L. querimonia a complaint, fr. queri to complain. See Querulous.] Complaining; querulous; apt to complain. -- Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Quer"i*mo*ny (?), n. [L. querimonia.] A complaint or complaining. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Que"rist (?), n. [See Query.] One who inquires, or asks questions. Swift.

Querk"en (?), v. t. [Icel. kverk throat. &?;.] To stifle or choke. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Querl (?), v. t. [G. querlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round, fr. querl, querl, a twirling stick. Cf. Twirl.] To twirl; to turn or wind round; to coil; as, to querl a cord, thread, or rope. [Local, U.S.]

Querl, n. A coil; a twirl; as, the qwerl of hair on the fore leg of a blooded horse. [Local, U. S.]

Quern (?), n. [AS. cweorn, cwyrn; akin to D. kweern, OHG. quirn, Icel. kvern, Sw. qvarn, Dan. quÊrn, Goth. qairnus (in asiluqaÌrnus), Lith. qÏrnos, and perh. E. corn.] A mill for grinding grain, the upper stone of which was turned by hand; -- used before the invention of windmills and watermills. Shak.

They made him at the querne grind.

Chaucer.

Quer"po (?), n. The inner or body garments taken together. See Cuerpo. Dryden.

Quer"que*dule (?), n. [L. querquedula.] (Zool.) (a) A teal. (b) The pintail duck.

Quer"ry (?), n. A groom; an equerry. [Obs.]

Quer`u*len"tial (?), a. Querulous. [R.]

Quer"u*lous (?), a. [L. querulus and querulosus, fr. queri to complain. Cf. Cry, v., Quarrel a brawl, Quarrelous.] 1. Given to quarreling; quarrelsome. [Obs.] land.

2. Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as, a querulous man or people.

Enmity can hardly be more annoying that querulous, jealous, exacting fondness.

Macaulay.

3. Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; as, a querulous tone of voice.

Syn. -- Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning; murmuring; discontented; dissatisfied.

-- Quer"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Quer"u*lous*ness, n.

Que"ry (?), n.; pl. Queries (#). [L. quaere, imperative sing. of quaerere, quaesitum to seek or search for, to ask, inquire. Cf. Acquire, Conquer, Exquisite, Quest, Require.] 1. A question; an inquiry to be answered or solved.

I shall conclude with proposing only some queries, in order to a . . . search to be made by others.

Sir I. Newton.

2. A question in the mind; a doubt; as, I have a query about his sincerity.

3. An interrogation point [?] as the sign of a question or a doubt.

Que"ry, v. i. 1. To ask questions; to make inquiry.

Each prompt to query, answer, and debate.

Pope.

2. To have a doubt; as, I query if he is right.

Que"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Queried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Querying.] 1. To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into; as, to query the items or the amount; to query the motive or the fact.

2. To address questions to; to examine by questions.

3. To doubt of; to regard with incredulity.

4. To write " query" (qu., qy., or ?) against, as a doubtful spelling, or sense, in a proof. See QuÊre.

Que*sal" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed, or resplendent, trogon (Pharomachus mocinno, formerly Trogon resplendens), native of Southern Mexico and Central America. Called also quetzal, and golden trogon.

The male is remarkable for the brilliant metallic green and gold colors of his plumage, and for his extremely long plumes, which often exceed three feet in length.

<! p. 1177 !>

Quest (?), n. [OF. queste, F. quÍte, fr. L. quaerere, quaesitum, to seek for, to ask. Cf. Query, Question.] 1. The act of seeking, or looking after anything; attempt to find or obtain; search; pursuit; as, to rove in quest of game, of a lost child, of property, etc.

Upon an hard adventure yet in quest.

Spenser.

Cease your quest of love.

Shak.

There ended was his quest, there ceased his care.

Milton.

2. Request; desire; solicitation.

Gad not abroad at every quest and call Of an untrained hope or passion.

Herbert.

3. Those who make search or inquiry, taken collectively.

The senate hath sent about three several quests to search you out.

Shak.

4. Inquest; jury of inquest.

What lawful quest have given their verdict ?

Shak.

Quest, v. t. [Cf. OF. quester, F. quÍter. See Quest, n.] To search for; to examine. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

Quest, v. i. To go on a quest; to make a search; to go in pursuit; to beg. [R.]

If his questing had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.

Macaulay.

Quest"ant (?), n. [OF. questant, F. quÍtant, p. pr.] One who undertakes a quest; a seeker. [Obs.] Shak.

Quest"er (?), n. One who seeks; a seeker. [Obs.]

Ques"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. quaestio, fr. quaerere, quaesitum, to seek for, ask, inquire. See Quest, n.] 1. The act of asking; interrogation; inquiry; as, to examine by question and answer.

2. Discussion; debate; hence, objection; dispute; doubt; as, the story is true beyond question; he obeyed without question.

There arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying.

John iii. 25.

It is to be to question, whether it be lawful for Christian princes to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith.

Bacon.

3. Examination with reference to a decisive result; investigation; specifically, a judicial or official investigation; also, examination under torture. Blackstone.

He that was in question for the robbery. Shak. The Scottish privy council had power to put state prisoners to the question.

Macaulay.

4. That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query.

But this question asked Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his pain ?

Milton.

5. Hence, a subject of investigation, examination, or debate; theme of inquiry; matter to be inquired into; as, a delicate or doubtful question.

6. Talk; conversation; speech; speech. [Obs.] Shak.

In question, in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, the matter or point in question. -- Leading question. See under Leading. -- Out of question, unquestionably. "Out of question, 't is Maria's hand." Shak. -- Out of the question. See under Out. -- Past question, beyond question; certainly; undoubtedly; unquestionably. -- Previous question, a question put to a parliamentary assembly upon the motion of a member, in order to ascertain whether it is the will of the body to vote at once, without further debate, on the subject under consideration. The form of the question is: "Shall the main question be now put?" If the vote is in the affirmative, the matter before the body must be voted upon as it then stands, without further general debate or the submission of new amendments. In the House of Representatives of the United States, and generally in America, a negative decision operates to keep the business before the body as if the motion had not been made; but in the English Parliament, it operates to postpone consideration for the day, and until the subject may be again introduced. In American practice, the object of the motion is to hasten action, and it is made by a friend of the measure. In English practice, the object is to get rid of the subject for the time being, and the motion is made with a purpose of voting against it. Cushing. -- To beg the question. See under Beg. -- To the question, to the point in dispute; to the real matter under debate.

Syn. -- Point; topic; subject.

Ques"tion, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Questioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Questioning.] [Cf. F. questionner. See Question, n.] 1. To ask questions; to inquire.

He that questioneth much shall learn much.

Bacon.

2. To argue; to converse; to dispute. [Obs.]

I pray you, think you question with the Jew.

Shak.

Ques"tion, v. t. 1. To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by interrogatories; as, to question a witness.

2. To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query.

And most we question what we most desire.

Prior.

3. To raise a question about; to call in question; to make objection to. "But have power and right to question thy bold entrance on this place." Milton.

4. To talk to; to converse with.

With many holiday and lady terms he questioned me.

Shak.

Syn. -- To ask; interrogate; catechise; doubt; controvert; dispute. -- Question, Inquire, Interrogate. To inquire is merely to ask for information, and implies no authority in the one who asks. To interrogate is to put repeated questions in a formal or systematic fashion to elicit some particular fact or facts. To question has a wider sense than to interrogate, and often implies an attitude of distrust or opposition on the part of the questioner.

Ques`tion*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being questionable. Stallo.

Ques"tion*a*ble (?), a. 1. Admitting of being questioned; inviting, or seeming to invite, inquiry. [R.]

Thou com'st in such a questionable shape That I will speak to thee.

Shak.

2. Liable to question; subject to be doubted or called in question; problematical; doubtful; suspicious.

It is questionable whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human body.T.

Baker.

Syn. -- Disputable; debatable; uncertain; doubtful; problematical; suspicious.

Ques"tion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being questionable, doubtful, or suspicious.

Ques"tion*a*bly, adv. In a questionable manner.

Ques"tion*a*ry (?), a. Inquiring; asking questions; testing. "Questionary epistles." Pope.

Ques"tion*a*ry, n. One who makes it his business to seek after relics and carry them about for sale.

Ques"tion*er (?), n. One who asks questions; an inquirer. "Little time for idle questioners." Tennyson.

Ques"tion*ist, n. 1. A questioner; an inquirer. [Obs.]

2. (Eng. Univ.) A candidate for honors or degrees who is near the time of his examination.

Ques"tion*less, a. Unquestioning; incurious. [R.]

Ques"tion*less, adv. Beyond a question or doubt; doubtless; certainly.[R.] South.

What it was in the apostles' time, that, questionless, it must be still.

Milton.

Quest"man (?), n.; pl. Questmen (&?;). One legally empowered to make quest of certain matters, esp. of abuses of weights and measures. Specifically: (a) A churchwarden's assistant; a sidesman. Blount. [Obs.] (b) A collector of parish rents. Blount. [Obs.]

Quest"mon`ger (?), n. One who lays informations, and encourages petty lawsuits. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ques"tor (?), n. [L. quaestor, contr. fr. quaesitor, fr. quaerere, quaesitum, to seek for, ask: cf. F. questeur.] (Rom. Antiq.) An officer who had the management of the public treasure; a receiver of taxes, tribute, etc.; treasurer of state. [Written also quÊstor.]

At an early period there were also public accusers styled questors, but the office was soon abolished.

Ques"tor*ship, n. The office, or the term of office, of a questor.

Quest"rist (?), n. [See Quest.] A seeker; a pursuer. [Obs.] "Hot questrists after him." Shak.

Ques"tu*a*ry (?), a. [L. quaestuarius, from quaestus gain, profit, quaerere, quaesitum, to seek for, earn.] Studious of profit. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ques"tu*a*ry, n. One employed to collect profits. [R.] "The pope's questuaries." Jer. Taylor.

Quet (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

Queue (?), n. [F. See Cue.] (a) A tail-like appendage of hair; a pigtail. (b) A line of persons waiting anywhere.

Queue, v. t. To fasten, as hair, in a queue.

Quey (?), n. [Cf. Dan. qvie.] A heifer. [Scot.]

Quib (?), n. [Cf. Quip.] A quip; a gibe.

Quib"ble (?), n. [Probably fr. quib, quip, but influenced by quillet, or quiddity.] 1. A shift or turn from the point in question; a trifling or evasive distinction; an evasion; a cavil.

Quibbles have no place in the search after truth.

I. Watts.

2. A pun; a low conceit.

Quib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quibbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quibbling (?).] 1. To evade the point in question by artifice, play upon words, caviling, or by raising any insignificant or impertinent question or point; to trifle in argument or discourse; to equivocate.

2. To pun; to practice punning. Cudworth.

Syn. -- To cavil; shuffle; equivocate; trifle.

Quib"bler (?), n. One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster.

Quib"bling*ly (?), adv. Triflingly; evasively.

Qui"ca (?), n. [From the native Brazilian name.] (Zoˆl.) A small South American opossum (Didelphys quica), native of Guiana and Brazil. It feeds upon insects, small birds, and fruit.

Quice (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Queest.

Quich (?), v. i. [Cf. Quinch.] To stir. [Obs.]

He could not move nor quich at all.

Spenser.

Quick (?), a. [Compar. Quicker (?); superl. Quickest.] [As. cwic, cwicu, cwucu, cucu, living; akin to OS. quik, D. kwik, OHG. quec, chec, G. keck bold, lively, Icel. kvikr living, Goth. qius, Lith. qvas, Russ. zhivoi, L. vivus living, vivere to live, Gr. bi`os life, Skr. jva living, jv to live. Cf. Biography, Vivid, Quitch grass, Whitlow.] 1. Alive; living; animate; -- opposed to dead or inanimate.

Not fully quyke, ne fully dead they were.

Chaucer.

The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom.

2 Tim. iv. 1.

Man is no star, but a quick coal Of mortal fire.

Herbert.

In this sense the word is nearly obsolete, except in some compounds, or in particular phrases.

2. Characterized by life or liveliness; animated; sprightly; agile; brisk; ready. " A quick wit." Shak.

3. Speedy; hasty; swift; not slow; as, be quick.

Oft he her his charge of quick return Repeated.

Milton.

4. Impatient; passionate; hasty; eager; eager; sharp; unceremonious; as, a quick temper.

The bishop was somewhat quick with them, and signified that he was much offended.

Latimer.

5. Fresh; bracing; sharp; keen.

The air is quick there, And it pierces and sharpens the stomach.

Shak.

6. Sensitive; perceptive in a high degree; ready; as, a quick ear. "To have an open ear, a quick eye." Shak.

They say that women are so quick.

Tennyson.

7. Pregnant; with child. Shak.

Quick grass. (Bot.) See Quitch grass. -- Quick match. See under Match. -- Quick vein (Mining), a vein of ore which is productive, not barren. -- Quick vinegar, vinegar made by allowing a weak solution of alcohol to trickle slowly over shavings or other porous material. -- Quick water, quicksilver water. -- Quick with child, pregnant with a living child.

Syn. -- Speedy; expeditious; swift; rapid; hasty; prompt; ready; active; brisk; nimble; fleet; alert; agile; lively; sprightly.

Quick (?), adv. In a quick manner; quickly; promptly; rapidly; with haste; speedily; without delay; as, run quick; get back quick.

If we consider how very quick the actions of the mind are performed.

Locke.

Quick, n. 1. That which is quick, or alive; a living animal or plant; especially, the hawthorn, or other plants used in making a living hedge.

The works . . . are curiously hedged with quick.

Evelyn.

2. The life; the mortal point; a vital part; a part susceptible of serious injury or keen feeling; the sensitive living flesh; the part of a finger or toe to which the nail is attached; the tender emotions; as, to cut a finger nail to the quick; to thrust a sword to the quick, to taunt one to the quick; -- used figuratively.

This test nippeth, . . . this toucheth the quick.

Latimer.

How feebly and unlike themselves they reason when they come to the quick of the difference !

Fuller.

3. (Bot.) Quitch grass. Tennyson.

Quick, v. t. & i. [See Quicken.] To revive; to quicken; to be or become alive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quick"beam` (?), n. [A. S. cwicbe·m.] See Quicken tree.

Quick"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. quickened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quickening.] [AS. cwician. See Quick, a.] 1. To make alive; to vivify; to revive or resuscitate, as from death or an inanimate state; hence, to excite; to, stimulate; to incite.

The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead.

Shak.

Like a fruitful garden without an hedge, that quickens the appetite to enjoy so tempting a prize.

South.

2. To make lively, active, or sprightly; to impart additional energy to; to stimulate; to make quick or rapid; to hasten; to accelerate; as, to quicken one's steps or thoughts; to quicken one's departure or speed.

3. (Shipbuilding) To shorten the radius of (a curve); to make (a curve) sharper; as, to quicken the sheer, that is, to make its curve more pronounced.

Syn. -- To revive; resuscitate; animate; reinvigorate; vivify; refresh; stimulate; sharpen; incite; hasten; accelerate; expedite; dispatch; speed.

Quick"en, v. i. 1. To come to life; to become alive; to become vivified or enlivened; hence, to exhibit signs of life; to move, as the fetus in the womb.

The heart is the first part that quickens, and the last that dies.

Ray.

And keener lightnings quicken in her eye.

Pope.

When the pale and bloodless east began To quicken to the sun.

Tennyson.

2. To move with rapidity or activity; to become accelerated; as, his pulse quickened.

Quick"en*er, n. One who, or that which, quickens.

Quick"en*ing, n. 1. The act or process of making or of becoming quick.

2. (Physiol.) The first motion of the fetus in the womb felt by the mother, occurring usually about the middle of the term of pregnancy. It has been popularly supposed to be due to the fetus becoming possessed of independent life.

Quick"ens (?), n. (Bot.) Quitch grass.

Quick"en tree` (?). [Probably from quick, and first applied to the aspen or some tree with quivering leaves; cf. G. quickenbaum, quizenbaum, quitschenbaum. Cf. Quitch grass.] (Bot.) The European rowan tree; -- called also quickbeam, and quickenbeam. See Rowan tree.

Quick"hatch` (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Zoˆl.) The wolverine.

Quick"lime (?), n. [See Quick, a.] (Chem.) Calcium oxide; unslacked lime; -- so called because when wet it develops great heat. See 4th Lime, 2.

Quick"ly, adv. Speedily; with haste or celerity; soon; without delay; quick.

Quick"ness, n. 1. The condition or quality of being quick or living; life. [Obs.]

Touch it with thy celestial quickness.

Herbert.

2. Activity; briskness; especially, rapidity of motion; speed; celerity; as, quickness of wit.

This deed . . . must send thee hence With fiery quickness.

Shak.

His mind had, indeed, great quickness and vigor.

Macaulay.

3. Acuteness of perception; keen sensibility.

Would not quickness of sensation be an inconvenience to an animal that must lie still ?

Locke

4. Sharpness; pungency of taste. Mortimer.

Syn. -- Velocity; celerity; rapidity; speed; haste; expedition; promptness; dispatch; swiftness; nimbleness; fleetness; agility; briskness; liveliness; readiness; sagacity; shrewdness; shrewdness; sharpness; keenness.

Quick"sand` (?), n. Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure; especially, a deep mass of loose or moving sand mixed with water, sometimes found at the mouth of a river or along some coasts, and very dangerous, from the difficulty of extricating a person who begins sinking into it.

Life hath quicksands, -- Life hath snares!

Longfellow.

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Quick"-scent`ed (?), a. Acute of smell.

Quick"set` (?), n. A living plant set to grow, esp. when set for a hedge; specifically, the hawthorn.

Quick"set`, a. Made of quickset.

Dates and pomegranates on the quickset hedges.

Walpole.

Quick"set`, v. t. To plant with living shrubs or trees for a hedge; as, to quickset a ditch. Mortimer.

Quick"-sight`ed (?), a. Having quick sight or acute discernment; quick to see or to discern. Locke.

--Quick"-sight`ed*ness, n.

Quick"sil`ver (?), n. [Quick living + silver; -- so called from its fluidity; cf. G. quecksilber, L. argentum vivum. See Quick, a.] (Chem.) The metal mercury; -- so called from its resemblance to liquid silver.

Quicksilver horizon, a mercurial artificial horizon. See under Horizon. -- Quicksilver water, a solution of mercury nitrate used in artificial silvering; quick water.

Quick"sil`vered (?), a. Overlaid with quicksilver, or with an amalgam of quicksilver and tinfoil.

Quick"sil`ver*ing (?), n. The mercury and foil on the back of a looking-glass.

Quick"step` (?), n. (Mus.) A lively, spirited march; also, a lively style of dancing.

Quick"-wit`ted (?), a. Having ready wit Shak.

Quick"-wit`ted*ness, n. Readiness of wit. "Celtic quick-wittedness." M. Arnold.

Quick"work` (?), n. (Naut.) A term somewhat loosely used to denote: (a) All the submerged section of a vessel's planking. (b) The planking between the spirketing and the clamps. (c) The short planks between the portholes.

Quid (?), n. [See Cud.] A portion suitable to be chewed; a cud; as, a quid of tobacco.

Quid, v. t. (Man.) To drop from the mouth, as food when partially chewed; -- said of horses. Youatt.

||Qui"dam (?), n. [L.] Somebody; one unknown. Spenser.

Quid"da*ny (?), n. [L. cydoneum quince juice, quince wine. See Quince.] A confection of quinces, in consistency between a sirup and marmalade.

Quid"da*tive (?), a. [See Quiddity.] Constituting, or containing, the essence of a thing; quidditative.

Quid"dit (?), n. [Cf. Quiddity, Quillet, and Quibble.] A subtilty; an equivocation. [Obs.] Shak.

By some strange quiddit or some wrested clause.

Drayton.

Quid"di*ta*tive (?), a. Quiddative.

Quid"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Quiddities (#). [LL. quidditas, fr. L. quid what, neut. of quis who, akin to E. who: cf. F. quidditÈ.] 1. The essence, nature, or distinctive peculiarity, of a thing; that which answers the question, Quid est? or, What is it? " The degree of nullity and quiddity." Bacon.

The quiddity or characteristic difference of poetry as distinguished from prose.

De Quincey.

2. A trifling nicety; a cavil; a quibble.

We laugh at the quiddities of those writers now.

Coleridge.

Quid"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quiddling (?).] [L. quid what.] To spend time in trifling employments, or to attend to useful subjects in an indifferent or superficial manner; to dawdle.

{ Quid"dle (?), Quid"dler (?), } n. One who wastes his energy about trifles. Emerson.

Quid"nunc (?), n. [L., what now?] One who is curious to know everything that passes; one who knows, or pretends to know, all that is going on. "The idle stories of quidnuncs." Motley.

Qui*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quiescing (?).] [L. quiescere, akin to quies rest, quiet. See Quiet, a. & n.] To be silent, as a letter; to have no sound. M. Stuart.

{ Qui*es"cence (?), Qui*es"cen*cy (?), } n. [L. quiescentia, fr. quiescens, p. pr.; cf. F. quiestence. See Quiesce.] The state or quality of being quiescent. "Quiescence, bodily and mental." H. Spencer.

Deeds will be done; -- while be boasts his quiescence.

R. Browning.

Qui*es"cent (?), a. [L. quiescens, -entis, p. pr. of quiescere: cf. F. quiescent. See Quiesce.] 1. Being in a state of repose; at rest; still; not moving; as, a quiescent body or fluid.

2. Not ruffed with passion; unagitated; not in action; not excited; quiet; dormant; resting.

In times of national security, the feeling of patriotism . . . is so quiescent that it seems hardly to exist.

Prof. Wilson.

3. (Gram.) Not sounded; silent; as, y is quiescent in "day" and "say."

Qui*es"cent, n. (Gram.) A silent letter. M. Stuart.

Qui*es"cent*ly, adv. In a quiescent manner.

Qui"et (?), a. [Compar. Quieter (?); superl. Quietest.] [L. quietus, p. p. pf quiescere to rest, keep quiet; akin to quies rest, and prob. to E. while, n. See While, and cf. Coy, a., Quiesce, Quietus, Quit, a., Quite, Requiem.] 1. In a state of rest or calm; without stir, motion, or agitation; still; as, a quiet sea; quiet air.

They . . . were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.

Judg. xvi. 2.

2. Free from noise or disturbance; hushed; still.

3. Not excited or anxious; calm; peaceful; placid; settled; as, a quiet life; a quiet conscience. " So quiet and so sweet a style." Shak.

That son, who on the quiet state of man Such trouble brought.

Milton.

4. Not giving offense; not exciting disorder or trouble; not turbulent; gentle; mild; meek; contented.

The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit.

1 Pet. iii. 4.

I will sit as quiet as a lamb.

Shak.

5. Not showy; not such as to attract attention; undemonstrative; as, a quiet dress; quiet colors; a quiet movement.

Syn. -- Still; tranquil; calm; unruffled; smooth; unmolested; undisturbed; placid; peaceful; mild; peaceable; meek; contented.

Qui"et (?), n. [L. quies, - etis. See Quiet, a.]

1. The quality or state of being quiet, or in repose; as an hour or a time of quiet.

2. Freedom from disturbance, noise, or alarm; stillness; tranquillity; peace; security.

And join with thee, calm Peace and Quiet.

Milton.

At quiet, still; peaceful. -- In quiet, quietly. " I will depart in quiet." Shak. -- Out of quiet, disturbed; restless. [Obs.] "She is much out of quiet." Shak.

Qui"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quieted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quieting.] 1. To stop motion in; to still; to reduce to a state of rest, or of silence.

2. To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to allay; to tranquillize; as, to quiet the passions; to quiet clamors or disorders; to quiet pain or grief.

Quiet yourselves, I pray, and be at peace.

Shak.

Qui"et, v. i. To become still, silent, or calm; -- often with down; as, be soon quieted down.

Qui"et*age (?), n. Quietness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Qui"et*er (?), n. One who, or that which, quiets.

Qui"et*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. quiÈtisme.] 1. Peace or tranquillity of mind; calmness; indifference; apathy; dispassion; indisturbance; inaction.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) The system of the Quietists, who maintained that religion consists in the withdrawal of the mind from worldly interests and anxieties and its constant employment in the passive contemplation of God and his attributes.

Qui"et*ist, n. [Cf. F. quiÈtiste.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of mystics originated in the seventeenth century by Molinos, a Spanish priest living in Rome. See Quietism.

Qui`et*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Quietists, or to Quietism.

Qui"et*ly, adv. 1. In a quiet state or manner; without motion; in a state of rest; as, to lie or sit quietly.

2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute, or disturbance; peaceably; as, to live quietly; to sleep quietly.

3. Calmly, without agitation or violent emotion; patiently; as, to submit quietly to unavoidable evils.

4. Noiselessly; silently; without remark or violent movement; in a manner to attract little or no observation; as, he quietly left the room.

Qui"et*ness, n. The quality or state of being quiet; freedom from noise, agitation, disturbance, or excitement; stillness; tranquillity; calmness.

I would have peace and quietness.

Shak.

Qui"et*some (?), a. Calm; still. [Obs.] Spenser.

Qui"e*tude, n. [L. quietudo: cf. F. quiÈtude.] Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity. Shelley.

Qui*e"tus (?), n. [LL. quietus quit, discharged, L., at rest, quiet, dead. See Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a.] Final discharge or acquittance, as from debt or obligation; that which silences claims; (Fig.) rest; death.

When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin.

Shak.

Quill (?), n. [Perhaps fr. F. quille ninepin (see Kayless); but cf. also G. kiel a quill. MHG. kil, and Ir. cuille a quill.] 1. One of the large feathers of a bird's wing, or one of the rectrices of the tail; also, the stock of such a feather.

2. A pen for writing made by sharpening and splitting the point or nib of the stock of a feather; as, history is the proper subject of his quill. Sir H. Wotton.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A spine of the hedgehog or porcupine. (b) The pen of a squid. See Pen.

4. (Mus.) (a) The plectrum with which musicians strike the strings of certain instruments. (b) The tube of a musical instrument.

He touched the tender stops of various quills.

Milton.

5. Something having the form of a quill; as: (a) The fold or plain of a ruff. (b) (Weaving) A spindle, or spool, as of reed or wood, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle. (c) (Mach.) A hollow spindle.

Quill bit, a bit for boring resembling the half of a reed split lengthways and having its end sharpened like a gouge. -- Quill driver, one who works with a pen; a writer; a clerk. [Jocose] -- Quill nib, a small quill pen made to be used with a holder. Simmonds.

Quill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quilling.] 1. To plaint in small cylindrical ridges, called quillings; as, to quill a ruffle.

His cravat seemed quilled into a ruff.

Goldsmith.

2. To wind on a quill, as thread or yarn. Judd.

Quil*la"ia bark` (?). (Bot.) The bark of a rosaceous tree (Quillaja Saponaria), native of Chili. The bark is finely laminated, and very heavy with alkaline substances, and is used commonly by the Chilians instead of soap. Also called soap bark.

Quill"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An American fresh-water fish (Ictiobus, or Carpiodes, cyprinus); -- called also carp sucker, sailfish, spearfish, and skimback.

Quilled (?), a. Furnished with quills; also, shaped like quills. "A sharp-quilled porcupine." Shak.

Quilled suture (Surg.), a variety of stitch in which the threads after being passed deeply through the edges of a wound are secured about two quills or bodies of similar shape, in order to produce a suitable degree of pressure.

Quil"let (?), n. [L. quidlibet what you please. Cf. Quiddit, and Quibble.] Subtilty; nicety; quibble. "Nice, sharp quillets of the law." Shak.

Quill"ing (?), n. (a) A band of linen, muslin, or the like, fluted, folded, or plaited so as somewhat to resemble a row of quills. (b) One of the rounded plaits or flutings of such a band.

Quill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus Isoetes, cryptogamous plants with a cluster of elongated four-tubed rushlike leaves, rising from a corm, and containing spores in their enlarged and excavated bases. There are about seventeen American species, usually growing in the mud under still, shallow water. So called from the shape of the shape of the leaves.

Quilt (?), n. [OE. quilte, OF. cuilte, L. culcita &?; bed, cushion, mattress. Cf. 2d Counterpoint, Cushion.] Anything that is quilted; esp., a quilted bed cover, or a skirt worn by women; any cover or garment made by putting wool, cotton, etc., between two cloths and stitching them together; also, any outer bed cover.

The beds were covered with magnificent quilts.

Arbuthnot.

Quilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quilting.] 1. To stitch or sew together at frequent intervals, in order to confine in place the several layers of cloth and wadding of which a garment, comforter, etc., may be made; as, to quilt a coat. Dryden.

2. To wad, as a garment, with warm soft material.

3. To stitch or sew in lines or patterns.

Quilt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, quilts.

Quilt"ing, n. 1. The act of stitching or running in patterns, as in making a quilt.

2. A quilting bee. See Bee, 2.

3. The material used for making quilts.

4. (Naut.) A coating of strands of rope for a water vessel.

Quin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A European scallop (Pecten opercularis), used as food. [Prov. Eng.]

Quin*al"dine (?), n. [Quinoline + aldehyde + aniline.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid of a slightly pungent odor, C9H6N.CH3, first obtained as a condensation product of aldehyde and aniline, and regarded as a derivative of quinoline; -- called also methyl quinoline. [Written also chinaldine.]

Qui"na*ry (?), a. [L. quinarius, from quini five each, akin to quinque five: cf. F. quinaire. See Five.] Consisting of five; arranged by fives. Boyle.

Quinary system (Zoˆl.), a fanciful classification based on the hypothesis that each group contains five types.

Qui"nate (?), a. [L. quini five each.] (Bot.) Growing in sets of five; -- said especially of leaves composed of five leaflets set at the end of a common petiole.

Qui"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of quinic acid. [Written also kinate.]

Quin"a*zol (?), n. [Quinoline + azote.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous base related to cinnoline. [Written also chinazol.]

Quince (kwns), n. [Prob. a pl. from OE. quyne, coin, OF. coin, cooin, F. coing, from L. Cydonius a quince tree, as adj., Cydonian, Gr. &?; Cydonian, &?; &?; a quince, fr. &?; Cydonia, a city in Crete, &?; the Cydonians. Cf. Quiddany.] 1. The fruit of a shrub (Cydonia vulgaris) belonging to the same tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an apple, but differs in having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard flesh of high flavor, but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade, jelly, and preserves.

2. (Bot.) a quince tree or shrub.

Japan quince (Bot.), an Eastern Asiatic shrub (Cydonia, formerly Pyrus, Japonica) and its very fragrant but inedible fruit. The shrub has very showy flowers, usually red, but sometimes pink or white, and is much grown for ornament. -- Quince curculio (Zoˆl.), a small gray and yellow curculio (Conotrachelus cratÊgi) whose larva lives in quinces. -- Quince tree (Bot.), the small tree (Cydonia vulgaris) which produces the quince.

Quince"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The squinancy. Called also quinsywort.

Quinch (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. quincken to quiver, shake, Fries. quink hovering. Cf. Quich.] To stir; to wince. [Obs.] Spenser.

Quin*cun"cial (?), [L. quincuncialis, from quincunx. See Quincunx.]

1. Having the form of a quincunx.

2. (Bot.) Having the leaves of a pentamerous calyx or corolla so imbricated that two are exterior, two are interior, and the other has one edge exterior and one interior; as, quincuncial Êstivation.

Quincuncial phyllotaxy (Bot.), an arrangement of five leaves in a spiral, each leaf two fifths of a circle from the next.

Quin*cun"cial*ly, adv. In the manner or order of a quincunx.

Quin"cunx (?), n. [L., fr. quinque five + uncia an ounce. The quincunx was marked by five small spots or balls. See Five, and Ounce the weight.] 1. An arrangement of things by fives in a square or a rectangle, one being placed at each corner and one in the middle; especially, such an arrangement of trees repeated indefinitely, so as to form a regular group with rows running in various directions.

2. (Astrol.) The position of planets when distant from each other five signs, or 150∞. Hutton.

3. (Bot.) A quincuncial arrangement, as of the parts of a flower in Êstivation. See Quincuncial, 2.

Quin*dec"a*gon (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen + Gr. &?; angle.] (Geom.) A plane figure with fifteen angles, and consequently fifteen sides.

||Quin`de*cem"vir (?), n.; pl. E. Quindecemvirs (#), L. Quindecemviri ||(#). [L., from quindecim fifteen + vir a man.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a ||sacerdotal college of fifteen men whose chief duty was to take care ||of the Sibylline books.

Quin`de*cem"vi*rate (?), n. [L. quindecimviratus.] The body or office of the quindecemviri.

Quin*dec"one (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C15H26, of the valylene series, produced artificially as an oily liquid. [Written also quindekone.]

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Quin`de*cyl"ic (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen + -yl.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the fatty acid series, containing fifteen atoms of carbon; called also pentadecylic acid.

Quin"dem (?), n. A fifteenth part. [Obs.]

Quin"dism (?), n. A fifteenth. [Obs.] Prynne.

Quin*hy"drone (?), n. [Quinone + hydroquinone.] (Chem.) A green crystalline substance formed by the union of quinone with hydroquinone, or as an intermediate product in the oxidation of hydroquinone or the reduction of quinone. [Written also chinhydrone.]

||Quin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Quinine.

Quin"i*ble (?), n. [L. quini five each.] (Mus.) An interval of a fifth; also, a part sung with such intervals. [Obs.] "He sang . . . a loud quynyble." Chaucer.

Quin"ic (?), a. [See Quinine, and cf. Kinic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or connected with, quinine and related compounds; specifically, designating a nonnitrogenous acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee, beans, etc., as a white crystalline substance. [Written also chinic, kinic.]

Quin"i*cine (?), n. (Chem.) An uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained by the action of heat from quinine, with which it is isomeric.

Quin"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling, quinine, found in certain species of cinchona, from which it is extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is used somewhat as a febrifuge. [Written also chinidine.]

Qui"nine (?), n. [F. (cf. Sp. quinina), fr. Sp. quina, or quinaquina, Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. kina, quina, bark. Cf. Kinic.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc. [Written also chinine.]

Qui*nin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid obtained as a yellow crystalline substance by the oxidation of quinine.

{ Qui"nin*ism (?), Qui"nism (?), } n. (Med.) See Cinchonism.

Qui*niz"a*rin (?), [Hydroquinone + alizarin.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance produced artificially. It is isomeric with alizarin.

Quin"i*zine (?), n. [Quinoline + hydrazine.] (Chem.) any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, certain of which are used as antipyretics.

Quin"nat (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) The California salmon (Oncorhynchus choicha); -- called also chouicha, king salmon, chinnook salmon, and Sacramento salmon. It is of great commercial importance. [Written also quinnet.]

||Qui*no"a (?), n. The seeds of a kind of goosewort (Chenopodium ||Quinoa), used in Chili and Peru for making porridge or cakes; also, ||food thus made.

Quin"o*gen (?), n. [Quinine + -gen.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical of quinine and related alkaloids.

Qui*noid"ine (?), n. [Quinine + -oid.] (Med. (Chem.) A brownish resinous substance obtained as a by-product in the treatment of cinchona bark. It consists of a mixture of several alkaloids. [Written also chinoidine.]

Quin"o*line (?), n. [Quinine + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C9H7N obtained as a pungent colorless liquid by the distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the nucleus of many organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and related substances; hence, by extension, any one of the series of alkaloidal bases of which quinoline proper is the type. [Written also chinoline.]

Qui*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in quinology.

Qui*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Quinine + -logy.] The science which treats of the cultivation of the cinchona, and of its use in medicine.

Qui"none (?), n. [Quinine + ketone.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance, C6H4O2 (called also benzoketone), first obtained by the oxidation of quinic acid and regarded as a double ketone; also, by extension, any one of the series of which quinone proper is the type. [Written also chinone, kinone.]

Qui*no"vic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline acid obtained from some varieties of cinchona bark. [Written also chinovic, and kinovic.]

Qui*no"vin (?), n. [NL. quina nova the tree Cosmibuena magnifolia, whose bark yields quinovin.] (Chem.) An amorphous bitter glucoside derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also quinova bitter, and quinova. [Written also chinovin, and kinovin.]

Quin*ox"a*line (?), n. [Quinoline + glyoxal.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of complex nitrogenous bases obtained by the union of certain aniline derivatives with glyoxal or with certain ketones. [Written also chinoxaline.]

Quin*ox"yl (?), n. [Quinone + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of certain quinone derivatives related to rhodizonic acid.

Qui"noyl (?), n. [Quinone + - yl.] (Chem.) A radical of which quinone is the hydride, analogous to phenyl. [Written also kinoyl.]

Quin`qua*ges"i*ma (?), a. [L., fr. quinquagesimus the fiftieth, akin to quinquaginta fifty, quinque five. See Five.] Fiftieth.

Quinquagesima Sunday, the Sunday which is the fiftieth day before Easter, both days being included in the reckoning; -- called also Shrove Sunday.

Quin*quan"gu*lar (?), a. [L. quinquanqulus; quinque five + angulus ad angle: cf. F. quinquangulaire.] Having five angles or corners.

Quin`quar*tic"u*lar (?), a. [Quinque- + article.] (Theol.) Relating to the five articles or points; as, the quinquarticular controversy between Arminians and Calvinists. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Quin"que- (?). [L. quinque five. See Five.] A combining form meaning five, five times, fivefold; as, quinquefid, five-cleft; quinquedentate, five-toothed.

Quin"que*an`gled (?), a. [Quinque- + angle.] Having five angles; quinquangular.

{ Quin`que*den"tate (?), Quin`que*den"ta*ted (?), } a. [Quinque- + dentate, - tated: cf. F. quinquÈdentÈ.] Five- toothed; as, a quinquedentate leaf.

Quin`que*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [From L. quinque five: cf. F. quinquÈfariÈ. Cf. Bifarious.] (Bot.) Arranged in five vertical rows; pentastichous. Gray.

Quin"que*fid (?), a. [Quique- + the root of L. findere to cleave: cf. F. quinquÈfide.] (Bot.) Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base into five segments; as, a quinquefid leaf or corolla.

{ Quin`que*fo"li*ate (?), Quin`que*fo"li*a`ted (?), } a. [Quinque- + foliate, - ated: cf. F. quinquÈfoliÈ, L. quinquefolius.] (Bot.) Having five leaves or leaflets. Gray.

Quin`que fo"li*o*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having five leaflets. Gray.

Quin`que*lit"er*al (?), a. [Quinque- + literal.] Consisting of five letters.

{ Quin`que*lo"bate (?), Quin`que*lo"ba*red (?), } a. [Quinque- + lobate, -ated: cf. F. quinquÈlobÈ.] Cut less than halfway into portions, usually somewhat rounded; five-lobed; as, a quinquelobate leaf or corolla.

Quin"que*lobed` (?), a. [Quinque- + lobe.] Same as Quinquelobate.

Quin`que*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Quinque- + locular: cf. F. quinquÈloculaire.] Having five cells or loculi; five-celled; as, a quinquelocular pericarp.

Quin"que*nerved` (?), a. [Quinque- + nerve.] (Bot.) Having five nerves; -- said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising from the end of the petiole.

||Quin`quen*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L., fr. quinquennalis. See ||Ouinquennial.] (Rom. Antiq.) Public games celebrated every five ||years.

Quin*quen"ni*al (?), a. [L. quinquennalis and quinquennis; quinque five + annus year. See Five, and cf. Biennial.] Occurring once in five years, or at the end of every five years; also, lasting five years. A quinquennial event.

Quin*quen"ni*um (?), n. [L.] Space of five years.

Quin*quep"ar*tite (?), a. [L. quinquepartitus; quinque five + partitus, p. p. of partire to divide: cf. F. quinquÈpartite.]

1. Consisting of five parts.

2. (Bot.) Divided into five parts almost to the base.

Quin"que*reme (?), n. [L. quinqueremis; quinque five + remus an oar: cf. F. quinquÈrËme] A galley having five benches or banks of oars; as, an Athenian quinquereme.

Quin"que*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Quinque- + syllable.] A word of five syllables.

{ Quin"que*valve (?), Quin`que*val"vu*lar (?), } a. [Quinque- + valve, valvular: cf. F. quinquÈvalve.] (Bot.) Having five valves, as a pericarp.

||Quin"que*vir (?), n.; pl; E. Quinquevirs (#), L. Quinqueviri (#). ||[L., fr. quinque Five + vir man.] (Bot. Antiq.) One of five ||commissioners appointed for some special object.

||Quin*qui"na (?), n. [NL. & F. See Quinine.] Peruvian bark.

Quin*quiv"a*lent (?), a. [Quinque- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Same as Pentavalent.

Quin"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr. squinancy, F. esquinancie, L. cynanche a sort of sore throat, Gr. &?; sore throat, dog quinsy, fr. &?; dog + &?; to choke; cf. also L. synanche sore throat, Gr. &?;. Cf. Hound, Anger, and Cynanche.] (Med.) An inflammation of the throat, or parts adjacent, especially of the fauces or tonsils, attended by considerable swelling, painful and impeded deglutition, and accompanied by inflammatory fever. It sometimes creates danger of suffocation; -- called also squinancy, and squinzey.

Quint (?), n. [F. quinte, fr. L. quintus, quinta, the fifth, quinque five. See Five.] 1. A set or sequence of five, as in piquet.

2. (Mus.) The interval of a fifth.

Quin"tain (?), n. [F. quintaine, LL. quintana; cf. W. chwintan a kind of hymeneal game.] An object to be tilted at; -- called also quintel. [Written also quintin.]

A common form in the Middle Ages was an upright post, on the top of which turned a crosspiece, having on one end a broad board, and on the other a sand bag. The endeavor was to strike the board with the lance while riding under, and get away without being hit by the sand bag. "But a quintain, a mere lifeless block." Shak.

Quin"tal (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. quintal, fr. Ar. qintar a weight of 100 lbs., prob. fr. L. centenarius consisting of a hundred, fr. centeni a hundred each, fr. centum a hundred. See Hundred, and cf. Kentle.] 1. A hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds, according to the scale used. Cf. Cental. [Sometimes written and pronounced kentle.]

2. A metric measure of weight, being 100,000 grams, or 100 kilograms, equal to 220.46 pounds avoirdupois.

Quin"tan (?), a. [L. quintanus, fr. quintus fifth, quinque five. See Five.] Occurring as the fifth, after four others also, occurring every fifth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a quintan fever. -- n. (Med.) An intermittent fever which returns every fifth day, reckoning inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts three days.

Quin"tel (?), n. See Quintain.

Quin*tes"sence (?), n. [F., fr. L. quinta essentia fifth essence. See Quint, and Essence.] 1. The fifth or last and highest essence or power in a natural body. See Ferment oils, under Ferment. [Obs.]

The ancient Greeks recognized four elements, fire, air, water, and earth. The Pythagoreans added a fifth and called it nether, the fifth essence, which they said flew upward at creation and out of it the stars were made. The alchemists sometimes considered alcohol, or the ferment oils, as the fifth essence.

2. Hence: An extract from anything, containing its rarest virtue, or most subtle and essential constituent in a small quantity; pure or concentrated essence.

Let there be light, said God; and forthwith light Ethereal, first of things, quintessence pure, Sprung from the deep.

Milton.

Quin*tes"sence, v. t. To distil or extract as a quintessence; to reduce to a quintessence. [R.] Stirling. "Truth quintessenced and raised to the highest power." J. A. Symonds.

Quin`tes*sen"tial (?), a. Of the nature of a quintessence; purest. "Quintessential extract of mediocrity." G. Eliot.

{ Quin*tet", Quin*tette" } (?), n. [It. quintetto, dim. of quinto the fifth, a fifth part, from L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintette. See Quint.] (Mus.) A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the set of five persons who sing or play five-part music.

Quin"tic (?), a. [L. quintus fifth, fr. quinque five.] (Alg.) Of the fifth degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the fifth degree. See Quantic.

Quin"tile (?), n. [F. quintil aspect, fr. L. quintus the fifth.] (Astron.) The aspect of planets when separated the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72∞. Hutton.

Quin*till"lion (?), n. [Formed fr. L. quintus the fifth, after the analogy of million: cf. F. quintillion. See Quint.] According to the French notation, which is used on the Continent and in America, the cube of a million, or a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a number produced by involving a million to the fifth power, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

Quin"tin (?), n. See Quintain.

Quin"tine (?), n. [L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintine.] (Bot.) The embryonic sac of an ovule, sometimes regarded as an innermost fifth integument. Cf. Quartine, and Tercine.

Quin"tole (?), n. [It. quinto fifth.] (Mus.) A group of five notes to be played or sung in the time of four of the same species.

Quin"tu*ple (?), a. [L. quintus fifth: cf. F. quintuple, L. quintuplex. Cf. Quadruple.] Multiplied by five; increased to five times the amount; fivefold.

Quintuple time (Mus.), a time having five beats in a measure. It is seldom used.

Quin"tu*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quintupled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quintupling.] [Cf. F. quintupler.] To make fivefold, or five times as much or many.

{ Quit"tu*ple-nerved` (?), Quin"tu*ple-ribbed` (?), } a. (Bot.) The same as Quinquenerved.

Quin"zaine (?), n. [F., from quinze fifteen, L. quindecim. See Fifteen.] The fifteenth day after a feast day, including both in the reckoning. [Written also quinzain.]

Quinze (?), n. [F.] A game at cards in which the object is to make fifteen points.

Quip (?), n. [Cf. W. chwip a quick flirt or turn, chwipio to whip, to move briskly, and E. whip. Cf. Quib, Quibble.] A smart, sarcastic turn or jest; a taunt; a severe retort; a gibe.

Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles.

Milton.

He was full of joke and jest, But all his merry quips are o'er.

Tennyson.

Quip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quipping (?).] To taunt; to treat with quips.

The more he laughs, and does her closely quip.

Spenser.

Quip, v. i. To scoff; to use taunts. Sir H. Sidney.

Qui"po (?), n. Same as Quipu.

||Qui"pu (?), n.; pl. Quipus (#). [Peruv. quipu a knot.] A contrivance ||employed by the ancient Peruvians, Mexicans, etc., as a substitute ||for writing and figures, consisting of a main cord, from which hung ||at certain distances smaller cords of various colors, each having a ||special meaning, as silver, gold, corn, soldiers. etc. Single, ||double, and triple knots were tied in the smaller cords, representing ||definite numbers. It was chiefly used for arithmetical purposes, and ||to register important facts and events. [Written also quipo.] Tylor.

The mysterious science of the quipus . . . supplied the Peruvians with the means of communicating their ideas to one another, and of transmitting them to future generations.

Prescott.

Quir"boil*ly` (kwr"boi*l`), n. [OE. cuir bouilli.] Leather softened by boiling so as to take any required shape. Upon drying, it becomes exceedingly hard, and hence was formerly used for armor. [Obs.] "His jambeux were of quyrboilly." Chaucer.

Quire (kwr), n. See Choir. [Obs.] Spenser.

A quire of such enticing birds.

Shak.

Quire, v. i. To sing in concert. [R.] Shak.

<! p. 1180 pr=vmg !>

Quire (kwr), n. [OE. quaer, quair, OF. quayer, cayer, caÔer, F. cahier, a book of loose sheets, a quarter of a quire, LL. quaternus, quaternum, sheets of paper packed together, properly, four together, fr. L. quaterni four each, by fours, quattuor four. See Four, and cf. Cahier.] A collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a ream.

Quir"is*ter (kwr"s*tr), n. [See Quire, Chorister.] A chorister. See Chorister. [R.] Thomson.

Quir`i*ta"tion (kwr`*t"shn), n. [L. quiritatio, fr. quiritare to raise a plaintive cry, v. freq. fr. queri to complain.] A crying for help. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Qui"rite (kw"rt), n. One of the Quirites.

||Qui*ri"tes (kw*r"tz), n. pl. [L., fr. Cures, a Sabine town.] (Rom. ||Antiq.) Roman citizens.

After the Sabines and Romans had united themselves into one community, under Romulus, the name of Quirites was taken in addition to that of Romani, the Romans calling themselves in a civil capacity Quirites, while in a political and military capacity they retained the name of Romani. Andrews.

Quirk (kwrk), n. [Written also querk.] [Cf. W. chwiori to turn briskly, or E. queer.] 1. A sudden turn; a starting from the point or line; hence, an artful evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; as, the quirks of a pettifogger. "Some quirk or . . . evasion." Spenser.

We ground the justification of our nonconformity on dark subtilties and intricate quirks.

Barrow.

2. A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; a caprice. [Obs.] "Quirks of joy and grief." Shak.

3. A smart retort; a quibble; a shallow conceit.

Some odd quirks and remnants of wit.

Shak.

4. An irregular air; as, light quirks of music. Pope.

5. (Building) A piece of ground taken out of any regular ground plot or floor, so as to make a court, yard, etc.; -- sometimes written quink. Gwilt.

6. (Arch.) A small channel, deeply recessed in proportion to its width, used to insulate and give relief to a convex rounded molding.

Quirk molding, a bead between two quirks.

Quirked (kwrkt), a. Having, or formed with, a quirk or quirks.

Quirk"ish (kwrk"sh), a. Consisting of quirks; resembling a quirk. Barrow.

Quirk"y (-), a. Full of quirks; tricky; as, a quirky lawyer.

Quirl (kwrl), n. & v. See Querl.

Quir"pele (kwr"pl), n. [Tamil krippiai.] (Zoˆl.) The Indian ferret.

Quirt (kwrt), n. A rawhide whip plaited with two thongs of buffalo hide. T. Roosevelt.

Quish (kwsh), n. See Cuish.

Quit (kwt), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of small passerine birds native of tropical America. See Banana quit, under Banana, and Guitguit.

Quit (kwt), a. [OE. quite, OF. quite, F. quitte. See Quit, v., Quiet.] Released from obligation, charge, penalty, etc.; free; clear; absolved; acquitted. Chaucer.

The owner of the ox shall be quit.

Ex. xxi. 28.

This word is sometimes used in the form quits, colloquially; as, to be quits with one, that is, to have made mutual satisfaction of demands with him; to be even with him; hence, as an exclamation: Quits! we are even, or on equal terms. "To cry quits with the commons in their complaints." Fuller.

Quit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quit or Quitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quitting.] [OE. quiten, OF. quiter, quitier, cuitier, F. quitter, to acquit, quit, LL. quietare, fr. L. quietare to calm, to quiet, fr. quietus quiet. See Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a., Quite, Acquit, Requite.] 1. To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to clear; to liberate. [R.]

To quit you of this fear, you have already looked Death in the face; what have you found so terrible in it?

Wake.

2. To release from obligation, accusation, penalty, or the like; to absolve; to acquit.

There may no gold them quyte.

Chaucer.

God will relent, and quit thee all his debt.

Milton.

3. To discharge, as an obligation or duty; to meet and satisfy, as a claim or debt; to make payment for or of; to requite; to repay.

The blissful martyr quyte you your meed.

Chaucer.

Enkindle all the sparks of nature To quit this horrid act.

Shak.

Before that judge that quits each soul his hire.

Fairfax.

4. To meet the claims upon, or expectations entertained of; to conduct; to acquit; -- used reflexively.

Be strong, and quit yourselves like men.

1 Sam. iv. 9.

Samson hath quit himself Like Samson.

Milton.

5. To carry through; to go through to the end. [Obs.]

Never worthy prince a day did quit With greater hazard and with more renown.

Daniel.

6. To have done with; to cease from; to stop; hence, to depart from; to leave; to forsake; as, to quit work; to quit the place; to quit jesting.

Such a superficial way of examining is to quit truth for appearance.

Locke.

To quit cost, to pay; to reimburse. -- To quit scores, to make even; to clear mutually from demands.

Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements in the noble fruits that issue from it?

South.

Syn. -- To leave; relinquish; resign; abandon; forsake; surrender; discharge; requite. -- Quit, Leave. Leave is a general term, signifying merely an act of departure; quit implies a going without intention of return, a final and absolute abandonment.

Quit, v. i. To go away; to depart; to stop doing a thing; to cease.

Quitch (kwch), n. 1. (Bot.) Same as Quitch grass.

2. Figuratively: A vice; a taint; an evil.

To pick the vicious quitch Of blood and custom wholly out of him.

Tennyson.

Quitch" grass` (kwch" grs`). [Properly quick grass, being probably so called from its vigorous growth, or from its tenacity of life. See Quick, and cf. Couch grass.] (Bot.) A perennial grass (Agropyrum repens) having long running rootstalks, by which it spreads rapidly and pertinaciously, and so becomes a troublesome weed. Also called couch grass, quack grass, quick grass, twitch grass. See Illustration in Appendix.

Quit"claim` (kwt"klm`), n. [Quit, a. + claim.] (Law) A release or relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only against persons who claim under himself.

Quit"claim`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quitclaimed (-klmd`); p. pr. & vb. n. Quitclaiming.] (Law) To release or relinquish a claim to; to release a claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and paramount titles.

Quite (kwt), v. t. & i. See Quit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quite (kwt), adv. [F. quitte discharged, free, clear; cf. OF. quitement freely, frankly, entirely. See Quit, a.]

1. Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; as, the work is not quite done; the object is quite accomplished; to be quite mistaken.

Man shall not quite be lost, but saved who will.

Milton.

The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from quite contrary principles.

Spectator.

2. To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably. "Quite amusing." Macaulay.

He really looks quite concerned.

Landor.

The island stretches along the land and is quite close to it.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Quit"ly (kwt"l), adv. Quite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quit"rent` (kwt"rnt`), n. [Quit, a. + rent.] (Law) A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit from other service. Blackstone.

In some of the United States a fee-farm rent is so termed. Burrill.

Quits (kwts), interj. See the Note under Quit, a.

Quit"ta*ble (kwt"t*b'l), a. Capable of being quitted.

Quit"tal (-tal), n. Return; requital; quittance. [Obs.]

Quit"tance (-tans), n. [OE. quitaunce, OF. quitance, F. quittance. See Quit, v. t.] 1. Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance.

Omittance is no quittance.

Shak.

2. Recompense; return; repayment. [Obs.] Shak.

Quit"tance, v. t. To repay; to requite. [Obs.] Shak.

Quit"ter (-tr), n. 1. One who quits.

2. A deliverer. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Quit"tor (-tr), n. [Perhaps for quitture.] (Far.) A chronic abscess, or fistula of the coronet, in a horse's foot, resulting from inflammation of the tissues investing the coffin bone.

Quit"ture (-tr; 135), n. A discharge; an issue. [Obs.]

To cleanse the quitture from thy wound.

Chapman.

Quiv"er (kwv"r), a. [Akin to AS. cwiferlice anxiously; cf. OD. kuiven, kuiveren. Cf. Quaver.] Nimble; active. [Obs.] " A little quiver fellow." Shak.

Quiv"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quivered (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Quivering.] [Cf. Quaver.] To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion; to tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver.

The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind.

Shak.

And left the limbs still quivering on the ground.

Addison.

Quiv"er, n. The act or state of quivering; a tremor.

Quiv"er, n. [OF. cuivre, cuevre, coivre, LL. cucurum, fr. OHG. chohhri quiver, receptacle, G. kˆcher quiver; akin to AS. cocor, cocur, cocer, D. koker. Cf. Cocker a high shoe.] A case or sheath for arrows to be carried on the person.

Beside him hung his bow And quiver, with three-bolted thunder stored.

Milton.

Quiv"ered (-rd), a. 1. Furnished with, or carrying, a quiver. "Like a quivered nymph with arrows keen." Milton.

2. Sheathed, as in a quiver. "Whose quills stand quivered at his ear." Pope.

Quiv"er*ing*ly (-r*ng*l), adv. With quivering motion.

||Qui` vive" (k` vv"). [F., fr. qui who + vive, pres. subj. of vivre to ||live.] The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; -- used like ||the English challenge: "Who comes there?"

To be on the qui vive, to be on guard; to be watchful and alert, like a sentinel.

Quix*ot"ic (kwks*t"k), a. Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance; absurdly chivalric; apt to be deluded. "Feats of quixotic gallantry." Prescott.

Quix*ot"ic*al*ly (-*kal*l), adv. In a quixotic way.

Quix"ot*ism (kwks"t*z'm), n. That form of delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.

Quix"ot*ry (-r), n. Quixotism; visionary schemes.

Quiz (kwz), n. [It is said that Daly, the manager of a Dublin playhouse, laid a wager that a new word of no meaning should be the common talk and puzzle of the city in twenty-four hours. In consequence of this the letters q u i z were chalked by him on all the walls of Dublin, with an effect that won the wager. Perhaps, however, originally a variant of whiz, and formerly the name of a popular game.] 1. A riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax.

2. One who quizzes others; as, he is a great quiz.

3. An odd or absurd fellow. Smart. Thackeray.

4. An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or as an examination. [Cant, U.S.]

Quiz (kwz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quizzed (kwzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Quizzing (-zng).] 1. To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock with pretended seriousness of discourse; to make sport of, as by obscure questions.

He quizzed unmercifully all the men in the room.

Thackeray.

2. To peer at; to eye suspiciously or mockingly.

3. To instruct in or by a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.]

Quizzing glass, a small eyeglass.

Quiz, v. i. To conduct a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.]

Quiz"zer (-zr), n. One who quizzes; a quiz.

Quiz"zic*al (-z*kal), a. Relating to quizzing; given to quizzing; of the nature of a quiz; farcical; sportive.

-- Quiz"zic*al*ly, adv.

Quiz"zism (-zz'm), n. The act or habit of quizzing.

Quob (kwb), v. i. [Cf. Quaver.] [Written also quop and quab.] To throb; to quiver. [Local & Vulgar]

Quod (kwd), n. [For quad, abbrev. of quadrangle.] A quadrangle or court, as of a prison; hence, a prison. [Slang] "Flogged or whipped in quod." T. Hughes.

Quod, v. Quoth; said. See Quoth. [Obs.]

"Let be," quod he, "it shall not be."

Chaucer.

Quod"dies (kwd"dz), n. pl. Herring taken and cured or smoked near Quoddy Head, Maine, or near the entrance of Passamaquoddy Bay.

||Quod"li*bet (-l*bt), n. [L., what you please.]

1. A nice point; a subtilty; a debatable point.

These are your quodlibets, but no learning.

P. Fletcher.

2. (Mus.) A medley improvised by several performers.

Quod`lib*e*ta"ri*an (- lb**t"r*an), n. One who discusses any subject at pleasure.

Quod`li*bet"ic*al (- l*bt"*kal), a. Not restricted to a particular subject; discussed for curiosity or entertainment. -- Quod`li*bet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Quoif (kwoif or koif), n. & v. t. See Coif. Shak.

Quoif"fure (kwoif"fr or koif"-), n. See Coiffure.

Quoil (kwoil or koil), n. See Coil. [Obs.]

Quoin (kwoin or koin; 277), n. [See Coin, and cf. Coigne.] 1. (Arch.) Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly, one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked.

In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used in the rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork, quoins consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a certain imitation of quoins of stone.

2. A wedgelike piece of stone, wood, metal, or other material, used for various purposes; as: (a) (Masonry) To support and steady a stone. (b) (Gun.) To support the breech of a cannon. (c) (Print.) To wedge or lock up a form within a chase. (d) (Naut.) To prevent casks from rolling.

Hollow quoin. See under Hollow. - - Quoin post (Canals), the post of a lock gate which abuts against the wall.

Quoit (kwoit or koit), n. [OE. coite; cf. OF. coitier to spur, press, (assumed) LL. coctare, fr. L. coquere, coctum, to cook, burn, vex, harass, E. cook, also W. coeten a quoit.] 1. (a) A flattened ring-shaped piece of iron, to be pitched at a fixed object in play; hence, any heavy flat missile used for the same purpose, as a stone, piece of iron, etc. (b) pl. A game played with quoits. Shak.

2. The discus of the ancients. See Discus.

3. A cromlech. [Prov. Eng.] J. Morley.

Quoit, v. i. To throw quoits; to play at quoits.

To quoit, to run, and steeds and chariots drive.

Dryden.

Quoit, v. t. To throw; to pitch. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

Quoke (kwk), obs. imp. of Quake. Chaucer.

Quoll (kwl), n. (Zoˆl.) A marsupial of Australia (Dasyurus macrurus), about the size of a cat.

Quon"dam (kwn"dm), a. [L., formerly.] Having been formerly; former; sometime. "This is the quondam king." Shak.

Quon"dam, n. A person dismissed or ejected from a position. [R.] "Make them quondams; . . . cast them out of their office." Latimer.

Quook (kwk), imp. of Quake. [Obs.] Spenser.

Quop (kwp), v. i. See Quob.

Quo"rum (kw"rm), n. [L., of whom, gen. pl. of qui who, akin to E. who. See the Note below.] Such a number of the officers or members of any body as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; as, a quorum of the House of Representatives; a constitutional quorum was not present.

The term arose from the Latin words, Quorum aliquem vestrum . . . unum esse volumus (of whom we wish some one of you to be one), which were used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace in England, by which commission it was directed that no business of certain kinds should be done without the presence of one or more of certain justices specially designated. Justice of the peace and of the quorum designates a class of justices of the peace in some of the United States.

Quo"ta (kw"t), n. [LL., fr. L. quota (sc. pars), fr. quotus which or what in number, of what number, how many, fr. quot how many, akin to quis, qui, who: cf. It. quota a share. See Who.] A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division. "Quota of troops and money." Motley.

Quot"a*ble (kwt"*b'l), a. Capable or worthy of being quoted; as, a quotable writer; a quotable sentence.

-- Quot`a*bil"i*ty (-bl"*t), n. Poe.

Quo*ta"tion (kw*t"shn), n. [From Quote.] 1. The act of quoting or citing.

2. That which is quoted or cited; a part of a book or writing named, repeated, or adduced as evidence or illustration. Locke.

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3. (Com.) The naming or publishing of the current price of stocks, bonds, or any commodity; also, the price named.

4. Quota; share. [Obs.]

5. (Print.) A piece of hollow type metal, lower than type, and measuring two or more pica ems in length and breadth, used in the blank spaces at the beginning and end of chapters, etc.

Quotation marks (Print.), two inverted commas placed at the beginning, and two apostrophes at the end, of a passage quoted from an author in his own words.

Quo*ta"tion*ist (kw*t"shn*st), n. One who makes, or is given to making, quotations.

The narrow intellectuals of quotationists.

Milton.

Quote (kwt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quoting.] [OF. quoter, F. coter to letter, number, to quote, LL. quotare to divide into chapters and verses, fr. L. quotus. See Quota.] [Formerly written also cote.] 1. To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat, or adduce, as a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or illustration; as, to quote a passage from Homer.

2. To cite a passage from; to name as the authority for a statement or an opinion; as, to quote Shakespeare.

3. (Com.) To name the current price of.

4. To notice; to observe; to examine. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To set down, as in writing. [Obs.] "He's quoted for a most perfidious slave." Shak.

Syn. -- To cite; name; adduce; repeat. -- Quote, Cite. To cite was originally to call into court as a witness, etc., and hence denotes bringing forward any thing or person as evidence. Quote usually signifies to reproduce another's words; it is also used to indicate an appeal to some one as an authority, without adducing his exact words.

Quote (kwt), n. A note upon an author. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Quot"er (-r), n. One who quotes the words of another.

Quoth (kwth or kwth), v. t. [AS. cwean, imp. cwÊ, pl. cwdon; akin to OS. quean, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kvea, Goth. qi˛an. &radic;22. Cf. Bequeath.] Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object: as, quoth I, quoth he. "Let me not live, quoth he." Shak.

Quoth"a (-), interj. [For quoth 'a said he, 'a being corrupted from he.] Indeed; forsooth.

To affront the blessed hillside drabs and thieves With mended morals, quotha, -- fine new lives !

Mrs. Browning.

Quo*tid"i*an (kw*td"*an), a. [OE. cotidian, L. quotidianus, fr. quotidie daily; quotus how many + dies day: cf. OF. cotidien, F. quotidien. See Quota, Deity.] Occurring or returning daily; as, a quotidian fever.

Quo*tid"i*an (kw*td"*an), n. Anything returning daily; especially (Med.), an intermittent fever or ague which returns every day. Milton.

Quo"tient (kw"shent), n. [F., fr. L. quoties how often, how many times, fr. quot how many. See Quota.]

1. (Arith.) The number resulting from the division of one number by another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater; thus, the quotient of twelve divided by four is three.

2. (Higher Alg.) The result of any process inverse to multiplication. See the Note under Multiplication.

Quo*ti"e*ty (kw*t"*t), n. [L. quotus of what number, quot how many.] (Scholastic Philos.) The relation of an object to number. Krauth-Fleming.

Quo"tum (kw"tm), n. [NL., fr. L. quotus of what number. See Quota.] Part or proportion; quota. [R.] "A very small quotum." Max M¸ller.

||Quo` war*ran"to (kw` wr*rn"t). [So called from the Law L. words quo ||warranto (by what authority), in the original Latin form of the writ. ||See Which, and Warrant.] (Law) A writ brought before a proper ||tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a person or a corporation acts, ||or exercises certain powers. Blackstone.

An information in the nature of a quo warranto is now common as a substitute for the writ. Wharton.

Qu*ran" (k*r‰n"), n. See Koran.

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