The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section M, N, and O (part 5 of 5)
We see the strength of the new movement in the new class of ecclesiastics whom it forced on to the stage.
J. R. Green.
On, adv. [See On, prep.] 1. Forward, in progression; onward; -- usually with a verb of motion; as, move on; go on. "Time glides on." Macaulay.
The path is smooth that leadeth on to danger.
Shak.
2. Forward, in succession; as, from father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on.
3. In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on, take your ease; say on; sing on.
4. Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, "He is neither on nor off," that is, he is not steady, he is irresolute.
5. Attached to the body, as clothing or ornament, or for use. "I have boots on." B. Gonson.
He put on righteousness as a breastplate.
Is. lix. 17.
6. In progress; proceeding; as, a game is on.
On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or a command to move or proceed, some verb being understood; as, on, comrades; that is, go on, move on.
On and on, continuously; for a long time together. "Toiling on and on and on." Longfellow.
||On"a*ger (?), n.; pl. L. Onagri (#), E. Onagers (#). [L. onager, ||onagrus, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Rom.Antiq.) A military engine acting like a ||sling, which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket, and was ||operated by machinery. Fairholt.
2. (Zoöl.) A wild ass, especially the koulan.
O*nag"ga (?), n. (Zoöl.) The dauw.
{ On`a*gra"ceous (n`*gr"shs), On`a*gra*ri"e*ous (-gr*r"*s), } a. [From NL. Onagra an old scientific name of the evening primrose (Œnothera), fr. Gr. 'ona`gra a kind of plant; of uncertain origin.] (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Onagraceæ or Onagrarieæ), which includes the fuchsia, the willow-herb (Epilobium), and the evening primrose (Œnothera).
O"nan*ism (?), n. [Onan (Gen. xxxviii. 9): cf. F. onanisme.] Self-pollution; masturbation.
||O*nap"po (?), n. (Zoöl.) A nocturnal South American monkey ||(Callithrix discolor), noted for its agility; -- called also ||ventriloquist monkey.
Once (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ounce.
Once (?), adv. [OE. ones, anes, an adverbial form fr. one, on, an, one. See One-, -Wards.] 1. By limitation to the number one; for one time; not twice nor any number of times more than one.
Ye shall . . . go round about the city once.
Josh. vi. 3.
Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in two years.
Bacon.
2. At some one period of time; -- used indefinitely.
My soul had once some foolish fondness for thee.
Addison.
That court which we shall once govern.
Bp. Hall.
3. At any one time; -- often nearly equivalent to ever, if ever, or whenever; as, once kindled, it may not be quenched.
Wilt thou not be made clean? When shall it once be?
Jer. xiii. 27.
To be once in doubt Is once to be resolved.
Shak.
Once is used as a noun when preceded by this or that; as, this once, that once. It is also sometimes used elliptically, like an adjective, for once- existing. "The once province of Britain." J. N. Pomeroy.
At once. (a) At the same point of time; immediately; without delay. "Stand not upon the order of your going, but go at once." Shak. "I . . . withdrew at once and altogether." Jeffrey. (b) At one and the same time; simultaneously; in one body; as, they all moved at once. -- Once and again, once and once more; repeatedly. "A dove sent forth once and again, to spy." Milton.
||On*cid"i*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical orchidaceous ||plants, the flower of one species of which (O. Papilio) resembles a ||butterfly.
On"co*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; bulk + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the changes observable with an oncometer.
On*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; bulk + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the variations in size of the internal organs of the body, as the kidney, spleen, etc.
On*cot"o*my ("kt**m), n. [Gr. 'o`gkos bulk, mass + te`mnein to cut: cf. F. oncotomie.] (Surg.) The opening of an abscess, or the removal of a tumor, with a cutting instrument. [Written also onkotomy.] Dunglison.
Onde (?), n. [AS. anda malice, anger; akin to Icel. andi, önd, breath.] Hatred; fury; envy. [Obs.]
||On` dit" (?). [F.] They say, or it is said. -- n. A flying report; ||rumor; as, it is a mere on dit.
-one (?). [From Gr. -w`nh, signifying, female descendant.] (Chem.) A suffix indicating that the substance, in the name of which it appears, is a ketone; as, acetone.
-one.(Chem.) A termination indicating that the hydrocarbon to the name of which it is affixed belongs to the fourth series of hydrocarbons, or the third series of unsaturated hydrocarbonsl as, nonone.
One (?), a. [OE. one, on, an, AS. än; akin to D. een, OS. ën, OFries. ën, än, G. ein, Dan. een, Sw. en, Icel. einn, Goth. ains, W. un, Ir. & Gael. aon, L. unus, earlier oinos, oenos, Gr. &?; the ace on dice; cf. Skr. ëka. The same word as the indefinite article a, an. √ 299. Cf. 2d A, 1st An, Alone, Anon, Any, None, Nonce, Only, Onion, Unit.] 1. Being a single unit, or entire being or thing, and no more; not multifold; single; individual.
The dream of Pharaoh is one.
Gen. xli. 25.
O that we now had here But one ten thousand of those men in England.
Shak.
2. Denoting a person or thing conceived or spoken of indefinitely; a certain. "I am the sister of one Claudio" [Shak.], that is, of a certain man named Claudio.
3. Pointing out a contrast, or denoting a particular thing or person different from some other specified; -- used as a correlative adjective, with or without the.
From the one side of heaven unto the other.
Deut. iv. 32.
4. Closely bound together; undivided; united; constituting a whole.
The church is therefore one, though the members may be many.
Bp. Pearson
5. Single in kind; the same; a common.
One plague was on you all, and on your lords.
1 Sam. vi. 4.
6. Single; inmarried. [Obs.]
Men may counsel a woman to be one.
Chaucer.
One is often used in forming compound words, the meaning of which is obvious; as, one-armed, one-celled, one-eyed, one-handed, one-hearted, one- horned, one-idead, one-leaved, one-masted, one-ribbed, one-story, one-syllable, one- stringed, one-winged, etc.
All one, of the same or equal nature, or consequence; as, he says that it is all one what course you take. Shak. -- One day. (a) On a certain day, not definitely specified, referring to time past.
One day when Phoebe fair, With all her band, was following the chase.
Spenser.
(b) Referring to future time: At some uncertain day or period; some day.
Well, I will marry one day.
Shak.
One, n. 1. A single unit; as, one is the base of all numbers.
2. A symbol representing a unit, as 1, or i.
3. A single person or thing. "The shining ones." Bunyan. "Hence, with your little ones." Shak.
He will hate the one, and love the other.
Matt. vi. 24.
That we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory.
Mark x. 37.
After one, after one fashion; alike. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- At one, in agreement or concord. See At one, in the Vocab. -- Ever in one, continually; perpetually; always. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- In one, in union; in a single whole. -- One and one, One by one, singly; one at a time; one after another. "Raising one by one the suppliant crew." Dryden.
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One (?), indef. pron. Any person, indefinitely; a person or body; as, what one would have well done, one should do one's self.
It was well worth one's while.
Hawthorne.
Against this sort of condemnation one must steel one's self as one best can.
G. Eliot.
One is often used with some, any, no, each, every, such, a, many a, another, the other, etc. It is sometimes joined with another, to denote a reciprocal relation.
When any one heareth the word.
Matt. xiii. 19.
She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia.
Compton Reade.
The Peloponnesians and the Athenians fought against one another.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
The gentry received one another.
Thackeray.
One, v. t. To cause to become one; to gather into a single whole; to unite; to assimilite. [Obs.]
The rich folk that embraced and oned all their heart to treasure of the world.
Chaucer.
One"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The herb Paris. See Herb Paris, under Herb.
One"-hand` (?), a. Employing one hand; as, the one-hand alphabet. See Dactylology.
One"-horse` (?), a. 1. Drawn by one horse; having but a single horse; as, a one- horse carriage.
2. Second-rate; inferior; small. [Slang, U.S.]
O*nei"das (?), n. pl.; sing. Oneida (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the region near Oneida Lake in the State of New York, and forming part of the Five Nations. Remnants of the tribe now live in New York, Canada, and Wisconsin.
O*nei`ro*crit`ic (?), n. [Cf.F. oneirocritique. See Oneirocritic, a.] An interpreter of dreams. Bp. Warburton. Addison.
{ O*nei`ro*crit`ic (?), O*nei`ro*crit`ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; a dream + &?; critical, fr. &?; to discern.] Of or pertaining to the interpretation of dreams. Addison.
{ O*nei`ro*crit`i*cism (?), O*nei`ro*crit`ics (?), } n. The art of interpreting dreams.
O*nei"ro*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dream + -mancy.] Divination by means of dreams. De Quincey.
O`nei*ros"co*pist, n. One who interprets dreams.
O`nei*ros"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dream + -scopy.] The interpretation of dreams.
One"li*ness (?), n. The state of being one or single. [Obs.] Cudworth.
One"ly (?), a. See Only. [Obs.] Spenser.
One"ment (?), n. The state of being at one or reconciled. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
One"ness, n. The state of being one; singleness in number; individuality; unity.
Our God is one, or rather very oneness.
Hooker.
On"er*a*ry (?), a. [L. onerarius, fr. onus, oneris, load, burden: cf.F. onéraire.] Fitted for, or carrying, a burden. Johnson.
On"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Onerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Onerating.] [L. oneratus, p. p. pf onerare.] To load; to burden. [Obs.] Becon.
On`er*a"tion (?), n. The act of loading. [Obs.]
On"er*ous (?), a. [L. onerosus, fr. onus, oneris, a load, burden: cf.F. onéreux.] Burdensome; oppressive. "Too onerous a solicitude." I. Taylor.
Onerous cause (Scots Law), a good and legal consideration; -- opposed to gratuitous.
On"er*ous*ly, adv. In an onerous manner.
Ones (?), adv. Once. [Obs.] Chaucer.
One`self" (?), pron. A reflexive form of the indefinite pronoun one. Commonly writen as two words, one's self.
One's self (or more properly oneself), is quite a modern form. In Elizabethan English we find a man's self=one's self.
Morris.
One`-sid"ed (?), a. 1. Having one side only, or one side prominent; hence, limited to one side; partial; unjust; unfair; as, a one-sided view or statement. "Unguarded and one-sided language." T. Arnold.
2. (Bot.) Growing on one side of a stem; as, one-sided flowers.
-- One`-sid"ed-ly, adv. -- One`- sid"ed*ness, n.
On*ethe" (?), adv. Scarcely. See Unnethe. [Obs.] Chaucer.
On"go`ing (?), n. The act of going forward; progress; (pl.) affairs; business; current events.
The common ongoings of this our commonplace world, and everyday life.
Prof. Wilson.
On"guent (?), n. [F.] An unguent.
On"-hang`er (?), n. A hanger- on.
On"ion (?), n. [F. ognon, fr. L. unio oneness, unity, a single large pearl, an onion. See One, Union.] (Bot.) A liliaceous plant of the genus Allium (A. cepa), having a strong-flavored bulb and long hollow leaves; also, its bulbous root, much used as an article of food. The name is often extended to other species of the genus.
Onion fish (Zoöl.), the grenadier. -- Onion fly (Zoöl.) a dipterous insect whose larva feeds upon the onion; especially, Anthomyia ceparum and Ortalis flexa. -- Welsh onion. (Bot.) See Cibol. -- Wild onion (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Allium.
O*ni`ro*crit`ic (?), a. See Oneirocritic.
On"li*ness (?), n. The state of being alone. [Obs.]
On*loft" (?), adv. Aloft; above ground. [Obs.]
She kept her father's life onloft.
Chaucer.
On"-look`er (?), n. A looker- on.
On"-look`ing, a. Looking on or forward.
On"ly (?), a. [OE. only, anly, onlich, AS. nlic, i.e., onelike. See One, and Like, a.] 1. One alone; single; as, the only man present; his only occupation.
2. Alone in its class; by itself; not associated with others of the same class or kind; as, an only child.
3. Hence, figuratively: Alone, by reason of superiority; preëminent; chief. "Motley's the only wear." Shak.
On"ly (?), adv. [See Only, a.] 1. In one manner or degree; for one purpose alone; simply; merely; barely.
And to be loved himself, needs only to be known.
Dryden.
2. So and no otherwise; no other than; exclusively; solely; wholly. "She being only wicked." Beau. & Fl.
Every imagination . . . of his heart was only evil.
Gen. vi. 5.
3. Singly; without more; as, only- begotten.
4. Above all others; particularly. [Obs.]
His most only elected mistress.
Marston.
On"ly, conj. Save or except (that); -- an adversative used elliptically with or without that, and properly introducing a single fact or consideration.
He might have seemed some secretary or clerk . . . only that his low, flat, unadorned cap . . . indicated that he belonged to the city.
Sir W. Scott.
On`o*ce"rin (?), n. [NL. Ononis, the generic name of the plant + L. cera wax.] (Chem.) A white crystalline waxy substance extracted from the root of the leguminous plant Ononis spinosa.
O*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; an ass + -logy.] Foolish discourse. [R.]
On"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; name + -mancy. Cf. Nomancy.] Divination by the letters of a name; nomancy. [R.] Camden.
{ On`o*man"tic (?), On`o*man"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to onomancy. [R.]
On`o*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, from &?; to name, &?; name.] (Law) Applied to a signature when the body of the instrument is in another's handwriting. Burrill.
On`o*mas"ti*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (sc.&?;), fr. &?;. See Onomastic.] A collection of names and terms; a dictionary; specif., a collection of Greek names, with explanatory notes, made by Julius Pollux about A.D.180.
On"o*ma*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. &?; + &?; art.] Prognostication by the letters of a name.
On`o*ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in the history of names. Southey.
On`o*ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?; + -logy.] The science of names or of their classification.
O*nom"a*tope (?), n. [See Onomatopœia.] An imitative word; an onomatopoetic word.
On`o*mat`o*pœ"ia (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a name + &?; to make.] (Philol.) The formation of words in imitation of sounds; a figure of speech in which the sound of a word is imitative of the sound of the thing which the word represents; as, the buzz of bees; the hiss of a goose; the crackle of fire.
It has been maintained by some philologist that all primary words, especially names, were formed by imitation of natural sounds.
On`o*mat`o*pœ"ic (?), a. Onomatopoetic. Whitney.
On`o*mat`o*po*et"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to onomatopœia; characterized by onomatopœia; imitative; as, an onomatopoetic writer or word. Earle.
On`o*mat"o*py (?), n. Onomatopœia.
O*nom"o*man`cy (?), n. See Onomancy.
On`on*da"gas (?), n. pl.; sing. Onondaga (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting what is now a part of the State of New York. They were the central or head tribe of the Five Nations.
On"rush` (?), n. A rushing onward.
On"set` (?), n. [On + set.] 1. A rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army. Milton.
The onset and retire Of both your armies.
Shak.
Who on that day the word of onset gave.
Wordsworth.
2. A setting about; a beginning. [Obs.] Shak.
There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things.
Bacon.
3. Anything set on, or added, as an ornament or as a useful appendage. [Obs.] Johnson.
On"set`, v. t. 1. To assault; to set upon. [Obs.]
2. To set about; to begin. [Obs.] Carew.
On"slaught` (?), n. [OE. on on + slaught, slaht, slaughter. See Slaughter.] 1. An attack; an onset; esp., a furious or murderous attack or assault.
By storm and onslaught to proceed.
Hudibras.
2. A bloody fray or battle. [Scot.] Jamieson.
On"stead (?), n. [Possibly a corruption of homestead.] A single farmhouse; a steading. [Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Grose. Jamieson.
On"to (?), prep. [On + to. Cf. Into.] On the top of; upon; on. See On to, under On, prep.
{ On`to*gen"e*sis (?), On*tog"e*ny (?), } n. [See Ontology, and Genesis.] (Biol.) The history of the individual development of an organism; the history of the evolution of the germ; the development of an individual organism, -- in distinction from phylogeny, or evolution of the tribe. Called also henogenesis, henogeny.
On`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to ontogenesis; as, ontogenetic phenomena. -- On`to*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
On`to*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Ontogenetic.
On`to*log"ic (?), a. Ontological.
On`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ontologique.] Of or pertaining to ontology.
On`*to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ontological manner.
On*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf.F. ontologiste.] One who is versed in or treats of ontology. Edin. Rev.
On*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; the things which exist (pl.neut. of &?;, &?;, being, p. pr. of &?; to be) + - logy: cf.F. ontologie.] That department of the science of metaphysics which investigates and explains the nature and essential properties and relations of all beings, as such, or the principles and causes of being.
||O"nus (?), n. [L.] A burden; an obligation.
||Onus probandi (&?;) [L.], obligation to furnish evidence to prove a ||thing; the burden of proof.
On"ward (?), a. 1. Moving in a forward direction; tending toward a contemplated or desirable end; forward; as, an onward course, progress, etc.
2. Advanced in a forward direction or toward an end.
Within a while, Philoxenus came to see how onward the fruits were of his friend's labor.
Sir P. Sidney.
On"ward, adv. Toward a point before or in front; forward; progressively; as, to move onward.
Not one looks backward, onward still he goes.
Pope.
On"ward*ness, n. Progress; advancement.
On"wards (?), adv. [See -wards.] Onward.
On"y (?), a. Any. [Obs.] Chaucer.
On"y*cha (?), n. [NL., from L. onyx, -ychis, onyx, also, a kind of mussel, Gr. &?;, &?;. See Onyx.]
1. An ingredient of the Mosaic incense, probably the operculum of some kind of strombus. Ex. xxx. 34.
2. The precious stone called onyx. [R.]
||O*nych"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Onyx.] (Med.) (a) A whitlow. (b) An ||affection of a finger or toe, attended with ulceration at the base of ||the nail, and terminating in the destruction of the nail.
On"y*cho*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a finger nail + -mancy: cf. F. onychomancie.] Divination by the nails.
||On`y*choph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, a claw + &?;.] ||(Zoöl.) Malacopoda.
O"nyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a claw, finger nail, a veined gem. See Nail, and cf. Onycha.] (Min.) Chalcedony in parallel layers of different shades of color. It is used for making cameos, the figure being cut in one layer with the next as a ground.
Onyx marble, a banded variety of marble or calcium carbonate resembling onyx. It is obtained from Mexico.
Oo, a. One. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||O"ö (?), n. [Hawaiian.] (Zoöl.) A beautiful bird (Moho nobilis) of ||the Hawaiian Islands. It yields the brilliant yellow feathers ||formerly used in making the royal robes. Called also yellow-tufted ||honeysucker.
||O*œ"ci*um (?), n.; pl. Oœcia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. w,'o`n an egg + &?; a ||house.] (Zoöl.) One of the special zooids, or cells, of Bryozoa, ||destined to receive and develop ova; an ovicell. See Bryozoa.
O`ö*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. w,'o`n an egg + E. genesis.] (Physiol.) The development, or mode of origin, of the ova.
||O`ö*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L. Oögonia (#), E. Oögoniums (#). [NL., fr. ||Gr. w,'o`n an egg + &?; offspring.] (Bot.) A special cell in certain ||cryptogamous plants containing oöspheres, as in the rockweeds ||(Fucus), and the orders Vaucherieæ and Peronosporeæ.
O*oi"dal (?), a. [Gr. &?;; w,'o`n an egg + &?; form.] (Biol.) Shaped like an egg.
Ook (?), n. Oak. [Obs.] "A branched ook." Chaucer.
O"ö*lite (?), n. [Gr. w,'o`n an egg + -lite: cf.F. oölithe. So named from its resemblance to the roe of fish.] (Geol.) A variety of limestone, consisting of small round grains, resembling the roe of a fish. It sometimes constitutes extensive beds, as in the European Jurassic. See the Chart of Geology.
O`ö*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf.F. oölithique.] Of or pertaining to oölite; composed of, or resembling, oölite.
O`ö*log"ic*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to oölogy.
O*öl"o*gist (?), n. One versed in oölogy.
O*öl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. w,'o`n an egg + -logy.] The science of eggs in relation to their coloring, size, shape, and number.
Oo"long (?), n. [Chinese, green dragon.] A fragrant variety of black tea having somewhat the flavor of green tea. [Written also oulong.]
{ Oo"mi*ac, Oo"mi*ak} (?), n. A long, broad boat used by the Eskimos.
Oon (?), a. One. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Oones (?), adv. Once. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Oop (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.] To bind with a thread or cord; to join; to unite. [Scot.] Jamieson.
{ Oo"pack, Oo"pak} (?), n. [So named from a district in China.] A kind of black tea.
O"ö*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; egg- bearing; w,'o`n an egg + &?; to bear.] (Bot.) An alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous plants, as ferns, mosses, and the like, which bears antheridia and archegonia, and so has sexual fructification, as contrasted with the sporophore, which is nonsexual, but produces spores in countless number. In ferns the oöphore is a minute prothallus; in mosses it is the leafy plant.
O`ö*pho*rec"to*my (?), n. [Gr. w,'o`n egg + &?; to bear + &?; a cutting out.] (Surg.) Ovariotomy.
O`ö*phor"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Having the nature of, or belonging to, an oöphore.
||O`ö*pho*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. L. Oöphorida (#), E. Oöphoridiums (#). ||[NL., dim. fr. Gr. &?;. See Oöphore.] (Bot.) The macrosporangium or ||case for the larger kind of spores in heterosporous flowerless ||plants.
||O`ö*pho*ri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. w,'o`n egg + fe`rein to bear + - ||itis.] (Med.) Ovaritis.
O"ö*phyte (?), n. [Gr. w,'o`n an egg + fyto`n a plant.] (Bot.) Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (collectively termed oöphytes or Oöphyta), which have their sexual reproduction accomplished by motile antherozoids acting on oöspheres, either while included in their oögonia or after exclusion.
This class was at first called Oösporeæ, and is made to include all algæ and fungi which have this kind of reproduction, however they may differ in all other respects, the contrasted classes of Thallophytes being Protophytes, Zygophytes, and Carpophytes. The whole system has its earnest advocates, but is rejected by many botanists. See Carpophyte.
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O`ö*phyt"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an oöphyte.
O*ö"ri*al (?), n. (Zoöl.) A wild, bearded sheep inhabiting the Ladakh mountains. It is reddish brown, with a dark beard from the chin to the chest.
O"ö*sperm (omac/"*sprm), n. [Gr. &?; an egg + E. sperm.] (Biol.) The ovum, after fusion with the spermatozoön in impregnation. Balfour.
O"ö*sphere (-sfr), n. [Gr. &?; an egg + E. sphere.]
1. (Bot.) An unfertilized, rounded mass of protoplasm, produced in an oögonium.
After being fertilized by the access of antherozoids it becomes covered with a cell wall and develops into an oöspore, which may grow into a new plant like the parent.
2. (Bot.) An analogous mass of protoplasm in the ovule of a flowering plant; an embryonic vesicle. Goodale.
||O`ö*spo*ran"gi*um (?), n.; pl. L. Oösporangia (#), E. Oösporangiums ||(#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an egg + &?; vessel.] (Bot.) An oögonium; ||also, a case containing oval or rounded spores of some other kind ||than oöspores.
O"ö*spore (?), n. [Gr. &?; an egg + &?; a seed.] (Bot.) (a) A special kind of spore resulting from the fertilization of an oösphere by antherozoids. (b) A fertilized oösphere in the ovule of a flowering plant.
O`ö*spor"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an oöspore.
O*ös"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. &?; + &?; a roof.] (Zoöl.) One of the plates which in some Crustacea inclose a cavity wherein the eggs are hatched.
||O`ö*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Oöthecæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an egg + &?; a ||case.] (Zoöl.) An egg case, especially those of many kinds of ||mollusks, and of some insects, as the cockroach. Cf. Oœcium.
{ O*öt"*ooid (?), O*öt"o*coid (?), } n. [Gr. &?; laying eggs (&?; egg + &?; a bearing, &?; to bear) + -oid.] (Zoöl.) A half oviparous, or an oviparous, mammal; a marsupial or monotreme.
O"ö*type (?), n. [Gr. &?; + - type.] (Zoöl.) The part of the oviduct of certain trematode worms in which the ova are completed and furnished with a shell.
Ooze (?), n. [OE. wose, AS. wase dirt, mire, mud, akin to w&?;s juice, ooze, Icel. vs wetness, OHG. waso turf, sod, G. wasen.] 1. Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently, or easily yield to pressure. "My son i' the ooze is bedded." Shak.
2. Soft flow; spring. Prior.
3. The liquor of a tan vat.
Ooze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oozed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oozing.] [Prov. Eng. weeze, wooz. See Ooze, n.] 1. To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance or through small openings.
The latent rill, scare oozing through the grass.
Thomson.
2. Fig.: To leak (out) or escape slowly; as, the secret oozed out; his courage oozed out.
Ooze, v. t. To cause to ooze. Alex. Smith.
||O`ö*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an egg + zo^,on an animal.] ||(Zoöl.) Same as Acrita.
Ooz"y (?), a. Miry; containing soft mud; resembling ooze; as, the oozy bed of a river. Pope.
O*pa"cate (?), v. t. [L. opacatus, p. p. of opacare.] To darken; to cloud. [Obs.] Boyle.
O*pac"i*ty (?), n. [L. opacitas: cf.F. opacité.] 1. The state of being opaque; the quality of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light; want of transparency; opaqueness.
2. Obscurity; want of clearness. Bp. Hall.
O*pa"cous (?), a. [L. opacus. See Opaque.] Opaque. [R.] Milton. -- O*pa"cous*ness, n. [R.]
O*pac"u*lar (?), a. Opaque. [Obs.] Sterne.
O"pah (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large oceanic fish (Lampris quttatus), inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean. It is remarkable for its brilliant colors, which are red, green, and blue, with tints of purple and gold, covered with round silvery spots. Called also king of the herrings.
O*pake" (?), a. See Opaque.
O"pal (?), n. [L. opalus: cf. Gr. &?;, Skr. upala a rock, stone, precious stone: cf. F. opale.] (Min.) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity.
The precious opal presents a peculiar play of colors of delicate tints, and is highly esteemed as a gem. One kind, with a varied play of color in a reddish ground, is called the harlequin opal. The fire opal has colors like the red and yellow of flame. Common opal has a milky appearance. Menilite is a brown impure variety, occurring in concretions at Menilmontant, near Paris. Other varieties are cacholong, girasol, hyalite, and geyserite.
O`pal*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Opalesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opalescing (?).] To give forth a play of colors, like the opal.
O`pal*es"cence (?), n. (Min.) A reflection of a milky or pearly light from the interior of a mineral, as in the moonstone; the state or quality of being opalescent.
O`pal*es"cent (?), a. Reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior; having an opaline play of colors.
O"pal*ine (?), a. [Cf. F. opalin.] Of, pertaining to, or like, opal in appearance; having changeable colors like those of the opal.
O"pal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opalizing.] [Cf. F. opaliser.] To convert into opal, or a substance like opal. Lyell.
O*pal"o*type (?), n. [Opal + -type.] (Photog.) A picture taken on "milky" glass.
O*paque" (?), a. [F., fr. L. opacus. Cf. Opacous.]
1. Impervious to the rays of light; not transparent; as, an opaque substance.
2. Obscure; not clear; unintelligible. [Colloq.]
O*paque", n. That which is opaque; opacity. Young.
O*paque"ness, n. The state or quality of being impervious to light; opacity. Dr. H. More.
Ope (?), a. Open. [Poetic] Spenser.
On Sunday heaven's gate stands ope.
Herbert.
Ope, v. t. & i. To open. [Poetic]
Wilt thou not ope thy heart to know What rainbows teach and sunsets show?
Emerson.
O*pei"do*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, voice + &?; form + -scope.] (Physics) An instrument, consisting of a tube having one end open and the other end covered with a thin flexible membrance to the center of which is attached a small mirror. It is used for exhibiting upon a screen, by means of rays reflected from the mirror, the vibratory motions caused by sounds produced at the open end of the tube, as by speaking or singing into it. A. E. Dolbear.
Ope"let (?), n. (Zoöl.) A bright-colored European actinian (Anemonia, or Anthea, sulcata); -- so called because it does not retract its tentacles.
O"pen (?), a. [AS. open; akin to D. open, OS. opan, G. offan, Icel. opinn, Sw. öppen, Dan. aaben, and perh. to E. up. Cf. Up, and Ope.] 1. Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead.
Through the gate, Wide open and unquarded, Satan passed.
Milton
Also, figuratively, used of the ways of communication of the mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see, etc.; as, to keep one's eyes and ears open.
His ears are open unto their cry.
Ps. xxxiv. 15.
2. Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private; public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library, museum, court, or other assembly; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed.
If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies.
Acts xix. 33.
The service that I truly did his life, Hath left me open to all injuries.
Shak.
3. Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea.
4. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect.
Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight.
Dryden.
5. Hence: (a) Without reserve or false pretense; sincere; characterized by sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also, generous; liberal; bounteous; -- applied to personal appearance, or character, and to the expression of thought and feeling, etc.
With aspect open, shall erect his head.
Pope.
The Moor is of a free and open nature.
Shak.
The French are always open, familiar, and talkative.
Addison.
(b) Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt.
His thefts are too open.
Shak.
That I may find him, and with secret gaze Or open admiration him behold.
Milton.
6. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open winter. Bacon.
7. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity open.
8. Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any purpose; to be open for an engagement.
9. (Phon.) (a) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; -- said of vowels; as, the än fär is open as compared with the in sy. (b) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure, as in uttering s.
10. (Mus.) (a) Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the string of an instrument, as of a violin, when it is allowed to vibrate throughout its whole length. (b) Produced by an open string; as, an open tone.
The open air, the air out of doors. -- Open chain. (Chem.) See Closed chain, under Chain. -- Open circuit (Elec.), a conducting circuit which is incomplete, or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an uninterrupted, or closed circuit. -- Open communion, communion in the Lord's supper not restricted to persons who have been baptized by immersion. Cf. Close communion, under Close, a. -- Open diapason (Mus.), a certain stop in an organ, in which the pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a flageolet at the end where the wind enters, and are open at the other end. -- Open flank (Fort.), the part of the flank covered by the orillon. -- Open-front furnace (Metal.), a blast furnace having a forehearth. -- Open harmony (Mus.), harmony the tones of which are widely dispersed, or separated by wide intervals. -- Open hawse (Naut.), a hawse in which the cables are parallel or slightly divergent. Cf. Foul hawse, under Hawse. -- Open hearth (Metal.), the shallow hearth of a reverberatory furnace. -- Open-hearth furnace, a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind of reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in manufacturing steel. -- Open-hearth process (Steel Manuf.), a process by which melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace; -- also called the Siemens- Martin process, from the inventors. -- Open-hearth steel, steel made by an open-hearth process; -- also called Siemens-Martin steel. -- Open newel. (Arch.) See Hollow newel, under Hollow. -- Open pipe (Mus.), a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch about an octave higher than a closed pipe of the same length. -- Open- timber roof (Arch.), a roof of which the constructional parts, together with the under side of the covering, or its lining, are treated ornamentally, and left to form the ceiling of an apartment below, as in a church, a public hall, and the like. -- Open vowel or consonant. See Open, a., 9.
Open is used in many compounds, most of which are self-explaining; as, open-breasted, open-minded.
Syn. -- Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; apparent; obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank; sincere; undissembling; artless. See Candid, and Ingenuous.
O"pen (?), n. Open or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water. "To sail into the open." Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Then we got into the open.
W. Black.
In open, in full view; without concealment; openly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
O"pen v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opening.] [AS. openian. See Open,a.] 1. To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter.
And all the windows of my heart I open to the day.
Whittier.
2. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand.
3. To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.
The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death.
Bacon.
Unto thee have I opened my cause.
Jer. xx. 12.
While he opened to us the Scriptures.
Luke xxiv. 32.
4. To make known; to discover; also, to render available or accessible for settlements, trade, etc.
The English did adventure far for to open the North parts of America.
Abp. Abbot.
5. To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in court, or a meeting.
6. To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by separating the fibers.
To open one's mouth, to speak. -- To open up, to lay open; to discover; to disclose.
Poetry that had opened up so many delightful views into the character and condition of our "bold peasantry, their country's pride."
Prof. Wilson.
O"pen, v. i. 1. To unclose; to form a hole, breach, or gap; to be unclosed; to be parted.
The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram.
Ps. cvi. 17.
2. To expand; to spread out; to be disclosed; as, the harbor opened to our view.
3. To begin; to commence; as, the stock opened at par; the battery opened upon the enemy.
4. (Sporting) To bark on scent or view of the game.
O"pen-air` (?), a. Taking place in the open air; outdoor; as, an open-air game or meeting.
O"pen*bill` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A bird of the genus Anastomus, allied to the stork; -- so called because the two parts of the bill touch only at the base and tip. One species inhabits India, another Africa. Called also open- beak. See Illust. (m), under Beak.
O"pen*er (?), n. One who, or that which, opens. "True opener of my eyes." Milton.
O"pen-eyed` (?), a. With eyes widely open; watchful; vigilant. Shak.
O"pen-hand`ed (?), a. Generous; liberal; munificent. -- O"pen-hand`ed*ness, n. J. S. Mill.
O"pen-head`ed (?), a. Bareheaded. [Obs.]
O"pen-heart`ed (?), a. Candid; frank; generous. Dryden. -- O"pen-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- O"pen-heart`ed*ness, n. Walton.
O"pen*ing, n. 1. The act or process of opening; a beginning; commencement; first appearance; as, the opening of a speech.
The opening of your glory was like that of light.
Dryden.
2. A place which is open; a breach; an aperture; a gap; cleft, or hole.
We saw him at the opening of his tent.
Shak.
3. Hence: A vacant place; an opportunity; as, an opening for business. [Colloq.] Dickens.
4. A thinly wooded space, without undergrowth, in the midst of a forest; as, oak openings. [U.S.] Cooper.
O"pen*ly, adv. [AS. openlice.] 1. In an open manner; publicly; not in private; without secrecy.
How grossly and openly do many of us contradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungodliness!
Tillotson.
2. Without reserve or disguise; plainly; evidently.
My love . . . shall show itself more openly.
Shak.
O"pen-mouthed` (?), a. Having the mouth open; gaping; hence, greedy; clamorous. L'Estrange.
O"pen*ness, n. The quality or state of being open.
O"pen*work` (?), n. 1. Anything so constructed or manufactured (in needlework, carpentry, metal work, etc.) as to show openings through its substance; work that is perforated or pierced.
2. (Mining) A quarry; an open cut. Raymond.
<! p. 1005 !>
Op"er*a (?), n. [It., fr. opera work, composition, opposed to an improvisation, fr. L. opera pains work, fr. opus, operis, work, labor: cf. F. opéra. See Operate.] 1. A drama, either tragic or comic, of which music forms an essential part; a drama wholly or mostly sung, consisting of recitative, arials, choruses, duets, trios, etc., with orchestral accompaniment, preludes, and interludes, together with appropriate costumes, scenery, and action; a lyric drama.
2. The score of a musical drama, either written or in print; a play set to music.
3. The house where operas are exhibited.
||Opéra bouffe [F. opéra opera + bouffe comic, It. buffo], ||Opera ||buffa [It.], light, farcical, burlesque opera. -- Opera box, a ||partially inclosed portion of the auditorium of an opera house for ||the use of a small private party. -- ||Opéra comique [F.], comic or ||humorous opera. -- Opera flannel, a light flannel, highly finished. ||Knight. -- Opera girl (Bot.), an East Indian plant (Mantisia ||saltatoria) of the Ginger family, sometimes seen in hothouses. It has ||curious flowers which have some resemblance to a ballet dancer, ||whence the popular name. Called also dancing girls. -- Opera glass, a ||short telescope with concave eye lenses of low power, usually made ||double, that is, with a tube and set of glasses for each eye; a ||lorgnette; -- so called because adapted for use at the opera, ||theater, etc. -- Opera hat, a gentleman's folding hat. -- Opera ||house, specifically, a theater devoted to the performance of operas. ||-- ||Opera seria [It.], serious or tragic opera; grand opera.
Op"er*a*ble (?), a. Practicable. [Obs.]
Op`er*am"e*ter (?), n. [L. opus, operis, pl. opera work + -meter.] An instrument or machine for measuring work done, especially for ascertaining the number of rotations made by a machine or wheel in manufacturing cloth; a counter. Ure.
{ Op"er*ance (?), Op"er*an*cy (?), } n. The act of operating or working; operation. [R.]
Op"er*and (?), n. [From neuter of L. operandus, gerundive of operari. See Operate.] (Math.) The symbol, quantity, or thing upon which a mathematical operation is performed; -- called also faciend.
Op"er*ant (?), a. [L. operans, p. pr. of operari. See Operate.] Operative. [R.] Shak. -- n. An operative person or thing. [R.] Coleridge.
Op"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Operated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Operating.] [L. operatus, p. p. of operari to work, fr. opus, operis, work, labor; akin to Skr. apas, and also to G. üben to exercise, OHG. uoben, Icel. &?;fa. Cf. Inure, Maneuver, Ure.] 1. To perform a work or labor; to exert power or strengh, physical or mechanical; to act.
2. To produce an appropriate physical effect; to issue in the result designed by nature; especially (Med.), to take appropriate effect on the human system.
3. To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert moral power or influence.
The virtues of private persons operate but on a few.
Atterbury.
A plain, convincing reason operates on the mind both of a learned and ignorant hearer as long as they live.
Swift.
4. (Surg.) To perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.
5. To deal in stocks or any commodity with a view to speculative profits. [Brokers' Cant]
Op"er*ate, v. t. 1. To produce, as an effect; to cause.
The same cause would operate a diminution of the value of stock.
A. Hamilton.
2. To put into, or to continue in, operation or activity; to work; as, to operate a machine.
{ Op`er**at"ic (?), Op`er*at"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the opera or to operas; characteristic of, or resembling, the opera.
Op`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. operatio: cf. F. opération.] 1. The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral.
The pain and sickness caused by manna are the effects of its operation on the stomach.
Locke.
Speculative painting, without the assistance of manual operation, can never attain to perfection.
Dryden.
2. The method of working; mode of action.
3. That which is operated or accomplished; an effect brought about in accordance with a definite plan; as, military or naval operations.
4. Effect produced; influence. [Obs.]
The bards . . . had great operation on the vulgar.
Fuller.
5. (Math.) Something to be done; some transformation to be made upon quantities, the transformation being indicated either by rules or symbols.
6. (Surg.) Any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with instruments, on the human body, to produce a curative or remedial effect, as in amputation, etc.
Calculus of operations. See under Calculus.
Op"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf.L. operativus, F. opératif.] 1. Having the power of acting; hence, exerting force, physical or moral; active in the production of effects; as, an operative motive.
It holds in all operative principles.
South.
2. Producing the appropriate or designed effect; efficacious; as, an operative dose, rule, or penalty.
3. (Surg.) Based upon, or consisting of, an operation or operations; as, operative surgery.
Op"er*a*tive, n. A skilled worker; an artisan; esp., one who operates a machine in a mill or manufactory.
Op"er*a*tive*ly, adv. In an operative manner.
Op"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who, or that which, operates or produces an effect.
2. (Surg.) One who performs some act upon the human body by means of the hand, or with instruments.
3. A dealer in stocks or any commodity for speculative purposes; a speculator. [Brokers' Cant]
4. (Math.) The symbol that expresses the operation to be performed; -- called also facient.
Op"er*a*to*ry (?), n. A laboratory. [Obs.]
O"per*cle (?), n. [Cf.F. opercule. See Operculum.] 1. (Anat.) Any one of the bony plates which support the gill covers of fishes; an opercular bone.
2. (Zoöl.) An operculum.
O*per"cu*la (?), n. pl. See Operculum.
O*per"cu*lar (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, an operculum.
O*per"cu*lar, n. (Anat.) The principal opercular bone or operculum of fishes.
{ O*per"cu*late (?), O*per"cu*la`ted (?), } a. [L. operculatus, p. p. of operculare to furnish with a lid, fr. operculum lid.] 1. (Bot.) Closed by a lid or cover, as the capsules of the mosses.
2. (Zoöl.) Having an operculum, or an apparatus for protecting the gills; -- said of shells and of fishes.
O*per`cu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Operculum + -ferous.] (Zoöl.) Bearing an operculum.
O*per"cu*li*form (?), a. [L. operculum a cover + -form: cf. F. operculiforme.] Having the form of a lid or cover.
O*per`cu*lig`e*nous (?), a. [Operculum + -genous.] (Zoöl.) Producing an operculum; -- said of the foot, or part of the foot, of certain mollusks.
O*per"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Opercula (#), E. Operculums (#). [L., a cover or lid, fr. operire to cover.] 1. (Bot.) (a) The lid of a pitcherform leaf. (b) The lid of the urnlike capsule of mosses.
2. (Anat.) (a) Any lidlike or operculiform process or part; as, the opercula of a dental follicle. (b) The fold of integument, usually supported by bony plates, which protects the gills of most fishes and some amphibians; the gill cover; the gill lid. (c) The principal opercular bone in the upper and posterior part of the gill cover.
3. (Zoöl.) (a) The lid closing the aperture of various species of shells, as the common whelk. See Illust. of Gastropoda. (b) Any lid-shaped structure closing the aperture of a tube or shell.
Op`er*et"ta (?), n. [It., dim. of opera.] (Mus.) A short, light, musical drama.
Op"er*ose` (?). a. [L. operosus, fr. opera pains, labor, opus, operis, work, labor.] Wrought with labor; requiring labor; hence, tedious; wearisome. "Operose proceeding." Burke. "A very operose calculation." De Quincey. -- Op"er*ose`ly, adv. -- Op"er*ose`ness, n.
Op`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. operositas.] Laboriousness. [R.] Bp. Hall.
Op"er*ous (?), a. Operose. [Obs.] Holder. -- Op"er*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]
Op`er*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. opertaneus; operire to hide.] Concealed; private. [R.]
Ope"tide` (?), n. [Ope + tide.] Open time; -- applied to different things: (a) The early spring, or the time when flowers begin opening. [Archaic] Nares. (b) The time between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday wherein marriages were formerly solemnized publicly in churches. [Eng.] (c) The time after harvest when the common fields are open to all kinds of stock. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. [Written also opentide.]
O*phel"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a substance (called ophelic acid) extracted from a plant (Ophelia) of the Gentian family as a bitter yellowish sirup, used in India as a febrifuge and tonic.
Oph"i*cleide (?), n. [F. ophicléide, fr. Gr. 'o`fis a serpent + &?;, gen. &?;, a key. So named because it was in effect the serpent, an old musical instrument, with keys added.] (Mus.) A large brass wind instrument, formerly used in the orchestra and in military bands, having a loud tone, deep pitch, and a compass of three octaves; -- now generally supplanted by bass and contrabass tubas. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
||O*phid"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of 'o`fis a snake.] ||(Zoöl.) The order of reptiles which includes the serpents.
The most important divisions are: the Solenoglypha, having erectile perforated fangs, as the rattlesnake; the Proteroglypha, or elapine serpents, having permanently erect fang, as the cobra; the Asinea, or colubrine serpents, which are destitute of fangs; and the Opoterodonta, or Epanodonta, blindworms, in which the mouth is not dilatable.
O*phid"i*an (?), n. [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zoöl.) One of the Ophidia; a snake or serpent.
O*phid"i*an, a. [Cf. F. ophidien.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ophidia; belonging to serpents.
O*phid"i*oid (?), a. [Ophidion + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ophidiidæ, a family of fishes which includes many slender species. -- n. One of the Ophidiidæ.
||O*phid"i*on (?), n.; pl. Ophidia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; little snake, ||fr. 'o`fis a serpent.] (Zoöl.) The typical genus of ophidioid fishes. ||[Written also Ophidium.] See Illust. under Ophidioid.
O*phid"i*ous (?), a. Ophidian.
O`phi*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. 'o`fis serpent + &?; worship.] The worship of serpents.
{ O`phi*o*log"ic (?), O`phi*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to ophiology.
O`phi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in the natural history of serpents.
O`phi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'o`fis a serpent + -logy: cf.F. ophioloqie.] That part of natural history which treats of the ophidians, or serpents.
O"phi*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. 'o`fis a serpent + -mancy: cf. F. ophiomantie.] Divination by serpents, as by their manner of eating, or by their coils.
||O`phi*o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ophiomorphous.] (Zoöl.) An order ||of tailless amphibians having a slender, wormlike body with regular ||annulations, and usually with minute scales imbedded in the skin. The ||limbs are rudimentary or wanting. It includes the cæcilians. Called ||also Gymnophiona and Ophidobatrachia.
O`phi*o*mor"phite (?), n. [Gr. 'o`fis a serpent + &?; form.] (Paleon.) An ammonite.
O`phi*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. 'o`fis a serpent + -morphous.] Having the form of a serpent.
O`phi*oph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. 'o`fis a serpent + fagei^n to eat: cf. F. ophiophage.] (Zoöl.) Feeding on serpents; -- said of certain birds and reptiles.
||O`phi*oph"a*gus, n. [NL. See Ophiophagous.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||venomous East Indian snakes, which feed on other snakes. Ophiophagus ||elaps is said to be the largest and most deadly of poisonous snakes.
O"phite (?), a. [Gr. 'ofi`ths, fr. 'o`fis a serpent.] Of or pertaining to a serpent. [Obs.]
O"phite, n. [L. ophites, Gr. 'ofi`ths (sc. &?;), a kind of marble spotted like a serpent: cf. F. ophite.] (Min.) A greenish spotted porphyry, being a diabase whose pyroxene has been altered to uralite; -- first found in the Pyreness. So called from the colored spots which give it a mottled appearance. -- O*phi"ic (#), a.
O"phite, n. [L. Ophitae, pl. See Ophite, a.] (Eccl.Hist.) A mamber of a Gnostic serpent-worshiping sect of the second century.
||O`phi*u"chus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, lit., holding a serpent; ||'o`fis a serpent + &?; to hold.] (Astron.) A constellation in the ||Northern Hemisphere, delineated as a man holding a serpent in his ||hands; -- called also Serpentarius.
||O`phi*u"ra (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; snake + &?; a tail.] (Zoöl.) A ||genus of ophiurioid starfishes.
O`phi*u"ran (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea. -- n. One of the Ophiurioidea.
O`phi*u"rid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Ophiurioid.
||O`phi*u"ri*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Ophiurioidea.
O`phi*u"ri*oid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea. -- n. One of the Ophiurioidea. [Written also ophiuroid.]
{ ||O`phi*u`ri*oi"de*a (?), ||O`phi*u*roi"de*a (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; serpent + &?; tail + &?; form.] (Zoöl.) A class of star-shaped echinoderms having a disklike body, with slender, articulated arms, which are not grooved beneath and are often very fragile; -- called also Ophiuroida and Ophiuridea. See Illust. under Brittle star.
||Oph"ry*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, the brow.] (Anat.) The ||supraorbital point.
Oph*thal"mi*a (f*thl"m*), n. [F. ophthalmie, L. ophthalmia, fr. Gr. 'ofqalmi`a, fr. 'ofqalmo`s the eye, akin to E. optic. See Optic.] (Med.) An inflammation of the membranes or coats of the eye or of the eyeball.
Oph*thal"mic (f*thl"mk; 277), a. [Gr. 'ofqalmiko`s: cf. F. ophthalmique. See Ophthalmia.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the eye; ocular; as the ophthalmic, or orbitonasal, nerve, a division of the trigeminal, which gives branches to the lachrymal gland, eyelids, nose, and forehead.
Ophthalmic region (Zoöl.), the space around the eyes.
Oph*thal"mite (?), n. [Gr. 'ofqalmo`s the eye.] (Zoöl.) An eyestalk; the organ which bears the compound eyes of decapod Crustacea.
Oph*thal`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ophthalmology.
Oph`thal*mol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in ophthalmology; an oculist.
Oph`thal*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'ofqalmo`s the eye + -logy: cf. F. ophthalmologie.] The science which treats of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye.
Oph`thal*mom"e*ter, n. [Gr. 'ofqalmo`s eye + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument devised by Helmholtz for measuring the size of a reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the eye, by which their curvature can be ascertained.
Oph*thal"mo*scope (?), n. [From Gr. 'ofqalmo`s the eye + -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for viewing the interior of the eye, particularly the retina. Light is thrown into the eye by a mirror (usually concave) and the interior is then examined with or without the aid of a lens. -- Oph*thal`mo*scop"ic (#), a.
Oph`thal*mos"co*py (?), n. [Cf. F. ophthalmoscopie.] 1. A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a person's temper and character from the appearance of the eyes.
2. Examination of the eye with the ophthalmoscope.
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Oph*thal"my (?), n. Same as Ophthalmia.
O`pi*an"ic (?), a. [From Opium.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the oxidation of narcotine.
O"pi*a*nine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in small quantity in opium. It is identical with narcotine.
O"pi*a*nyl, n. [Opianic + - yl.] (Chem.) Same as Meconin.
O"pi*ate (?), n. [From Opium: cf.F. opiat.]
1. Originally, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. Parr.
2. Any medicine that contains opium, and has the quality of inducing sleep or repose; a narcotic.
3. Anything which induces rest or inaction; that which quiets uneasiness.
They chose atheism as an opiate.
Bentley.
O"pi*ate, a. [See Opium.] Inducing sleep; somniferous; narcotic; hence, anodyne; causing rest, dullness, or inaction; as, the opiate rod of Hermes. Milton.
O"pi*ate (?), v. t. To subject to the influence of an opiate; to put to sleep. [R.] Fenton.
O"pi*a`ted (?), a. 1. Mixed with opiates.
2. Under the influence of opiates.
O"pie (?), n. Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O*pif"er*ous (?), a. [L. opifer; ops, opis, help + ferre to bear.] Bringing help. [R.]
Op"i*fice (?), n. [L. opificium, fr. opifex workman. See Office.] Workmanship. [Obs.] Bailey.
O*pif"i*cer (?), n. An artificer; a workman. [Obs.] "The almighty opificer." Bentley.
O*pin"a*ble (?), a. [L. opinabilis.] Capable of being opined or thought. Holland.
Op`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. opinatio. See Opine,] The act of thinking; a supposition. [Obs.]
O*pin"a*tive (?), a. Obstinate in holding opinions; opinionated. [Obs.] -- O*pin"a*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Burton. Sir T. More.
Op"i*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One fond of his own opinious; one who holds an opinion. [Obs.] Glanvill.
O*pine" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Opined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opining.] [L. opinari, p. p. opinatus; akin to opinus (in comp.) thinking, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. opiner.] To have an opinion; to judge; to think; to suppose. South.
O*pin"er (?), n. One who opines. Jer. Taylor.
{ O`pin*ias"ter (?), O`pin*ia"tre (?), } a. [OF. opiniastre, F. opiniâtre. See Opinion.] Opinionated. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
O`pin*ias"trous (?), a. See Opiniaster. [Obs.].
O*pin"iate (?), v. t. To hold or maintain persistently. [Obs.] Barrow.
O*pin"ia*ted (?), a. Opinionated. [Obs.]
O*pin"ia*tive (?), a. Opinionative. Glanvill. -- O*pin"ia*tive*ly, adv. -- O*pin"ia*tive*ness, n.
{ O`pin*ia"tor, O`pin*ia"tre } (?), n. One who is opinionated. [Obs.] South. Barrow.
O`pin*ia"tre, a. See Opiniaster. [Obs.] Locke.
O`pin*iat"re*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. opiniâtreté.] Obstinacy in opinious. [Written also opiniatry.] [Obs.]
O*pin"i*cus (&?;), n. (Her.) An imaginary animal borne as a charge, having wings, an eagle's head, and a short tail; -- sometimes represented without wings.
O*pin"ing (?), n. Opinion. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
O*pin"ion (?), n. [F., from L. opinio. See Opine.] 1. That which is opined; a notion or conviction founded on probable evidence; belief stronger than impression, less strong than positive knowledge; settled judgment in regard to any point of knowledge or action.
Opinion is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persussion than to another, yet not without a mixture of incertainty or doubting.
Sir M. Hale.
I can not put off my opinion so easily.
Shak.
2. The judgment or sentiment which the mind forms of persons or things; estimation.
I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people.
Shak.
Friendship . . . gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the good opinion of his friend.
South.
However, I have no opinion of those things.
Bacon.
3. Favorable estimation; hence, consideration; reputation; fame; public sentiment or esteem. [Obs.]
Thou hast redeemed thy lost opinion.
Shak.
This gained Agricola much opinion, who . . . had made such early progress into laborious . . . enterprises.
Milton.
4. Obstinacy in holding to one's belief or impression; opiniativeness; conceitedness. [Obs.] Shak.
5. (Law.) The formal decision, or expression of views, of a judge, an umpire, a counselor, or other party officially called upon to consider and decide upon a matter or point submitted.
To be of opinion, to think; to judge. - - To hold opinion with, to agree with. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn. -- Sentiment; notion; persuasion; idea; view; estimation. See Sentiment.
O*pin"ion, v. t. To opine. [Obs.]
O*pin"ion*a*ble (?), a. Being, or capable of being, a matter of opinion; that can be thought; not positively settled; as, an opinionable doctrine. C. J. Ellicott.
O*pin"ion*ate (?), a. Opinionated.
O*pin"ion*a`ted (?), a. Stiff in opinion; firmly or unduly adhering to one's own opinion or to preconceived notions; obstinate in opinion. Sir W. Scott.
O*pin"ion*ate*ly (?), adv. Conceitedly. Feltham.
O*pin"ion*a*tist (?), n. An opinionist. [Obs.]
O*pin"ion*a*tive, a. 1. Unduly attached to one's own opinions; opinionated. Milton.
2. Of the nature of an opinion; conjectured. [Obs.] "Things both opinionative and practical." Bunyan. -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ly, adv. -- O*pin"ion*a*tive*ness, n.
O*pin"ion*a`tor (?), n. An opinionated person; one given to conjecture. [Obs.] South.
O*pin"ioned (?), a. Opinionated; conceited.
His opinioned zeal which he thought judicious.
Milton.
O*pin"ion*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. opinioniste.] One fond of his own notions, or unduly attached to his own opinions. Glanvill.
O*pip"a*rous (?), a. [L. opiparus, fr. ops, opis, riches + parare to provide.] Sumptuous. [Obs.] -- O*pip"a*rous*ly, adv. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.
Op`i*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; backwards + -meter.] An instrument with a revolving wheel for measuring a curved line, as on a map.
||O*pis"thi*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hinder.] (Anat.) The middle of ||the posterior, or dorsal, margin of the great foramen of the skull.
{ ||O*pis`tho*bran"chi*a (?), O*pis`tho*bran`chi*a"ta (?), } n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; behind + &?; gills.] (Zoöl.) A division of gastropod Mollusca, in which the breathing organs are usually situated behind the heart. It includes the tectibranchs and nudibranchs.
O*pis`tho*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Opisthobranchiata. -- n. One of the Opisthobranchiata.
{ O*pis`tho*cœ"li*an (?), O*pis`tho*cœ"lous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; behind + koi^los hollow,] (Anat.) Concave behind; -- applied especially to vertebræ in which the anterior end of the centrum is convex and the posterior concave.
O*pis"tho*dome (?), n. [L. opisthodomus, Gr. &?;; &?; behind + do`mos house: cf. F. opisthodome.] (Arch.) A back chamber; especially, that part of the naos, or cella, farthest from the main entrance, sometimes having an entrance of its own, and often used as a treasury.
||O*pis`tho*glyph"a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; behind + &?; to ||carve.] (Zoöl.) A division of serpents which have some of the ||posterior maxillary teeth grooved for fangs.
Op`is*thog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; behind + -graphy.] A writing upon the back of anything, as upon the back of a leaf or sheet already written upon on one side. [R.] Scudamore.
||Op`is*tho"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; behind + &?; the ||shoulder.] (Zoöl.) An order of eellike fishes having the scapular ||arch attached to the vertebræ, but not connected with the skull.
O*pis`tho*pul"mo*nate (?), a.[Gr. &?; behind + E. pulmonate.] (Zoöl.) Having the pulmonary sac situated posteriorly; -- said of certain air-breathing Mollusca.
Op`is*thot"ic (?), n. [Gr. &?; behind + &?;, &?;, ear.] (Anat.) The inferior and posterior of the three elements forming the periotic bone.
||Op`is*thot"o*nos (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; backwards + &?; a ||stretching.] (Med.) A tetanic spasm in which the body is bent ||backwards and stiffened.
O*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. opitulatio, fr. opitulari to bring help.] The act of helping or aiding; help. [Obs.] Bailey.
O"pi*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; poppy juice, dim. of &?; vegetable juice.] (Chem.) The inspissated juice of the Papaver somniferum, or white poppy.
Opium is obtained from incisions made in the capsules of the plant, and the best flows from the first incision. It is imported into Europe and America chiefly from the Levant, and large quantities are sent to China from India, Persia, and other countries. It is of a brownish yellow color, has a faint smell, and bitter and acrid taste. It is a stimulant narcotic poison, which may produce hallicinations, profound sleep, or death. It is much used in medicine to soothe pain and inflammation, and is smoked as an intoxicant with baneful effects.
Opium joint, a low resort of opium smokers. [Slang]
O"ple tree` (?). [L. opulus a kind of maple tree.] The witch-hazel. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
{ Op`o*bal"sam (?), ||Op`o*bal"sa*mum (?), } n. [L. opobalsamum, Gr. &?;; &?; vegetable juice + &?; balsam.] (Med.) The old name of the aromatic resinous juice of the Balsamodendron opobalsamum, now commonly called balm of Gilead. See under Balm.
Op`o*del"doc (?), n. [So called by Paracelsus. The first syllable may be fr. Gr. &?; vegetable juice.]
1. A kind of plaster, said to have been invented by Mindererus, -- used for external injuries. [Obs.]
2. A saponaceous, camphorated liniment; a solution of soap in alcohol, with the addition of camphor and essential oils; soap liniment.
O*pop"a*nax (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; vegetable juice + &?;, &?;. a kind of plant: cf. F. opopanax.] The inspissated juice of an umbelliferous plant (the Opoponax Chironum), brought from Turkey and the East Indies in loose granules, or sometimes in larger masses, of a reddish yellow color, with specks of white. It has a strong smell and acrid taste, and was formerly used in medicine as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic. Dunglison.
O*pos"sum (?), n. [Of N. American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.) Any American marsupial of the genera Didelphys and Chironectes. The common species of the United States is Didelphys Virginiana.
Several related species are found in South America. The water opossum of Brazil (Chironectes variegatus), which has the hind feet, webbed, is provided with a marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It is called also yapock.
Opossum mouse. (Zoöl.) See Flying mouse, under Flying. -- Opossum shrimp (Zoöl.), any schizopod crustacean of the genus Mysis and allied genera. See Schizopoda.
Op"pi*dan (?), a. [L. oppidanus, fr. oppidum town.] Of or pertaining to a town. Howell.
Op"pi*dan, n. 1. An inhabitant of a town.
2. A student of Eton College, England, who is not a King's scholar, and who boards in a private family.
Op*pig"ner*ate (?), v. i. [L. oppigneratus, p. p. of oppignerare to pawn. See Ob- , and Pignerate.] To pledge; to pawn. [Obs.] Bacon.
Op"pi*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oppilating (?).] [L. oppilatus, p. p. of oppilare to stop up; ob (see Ob-) + pilare to ram down, to thrust.] To crowd together; to fill with obstructions; to block up. [Obs.] Cockeram.
Op`pi*la"tion (?), n. [L. oppilatio: cf. F. opilation.] The act of filling or crowding together; a stopping by redundant matter; obstruction, particularly in the lower intestines. Jer. Taylor.
Op`pi*la*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. opilatif. See Oppilate.] Obstructive. [Obs.] Sherwood.
{ Op*plete" (?), Op*plet"ed (?), } a. [L. oppletus, p. p. of opplere to fill up; ob (see Ob-) + plere to fill.] Filled; crowded. [Obs.] Johnson.
Op*ple"tion (?), n. The act of filling up, or the state of being filled up; fullness. [Obs.]
Op*pone" (?), v. t. [L. opponere. See Opponent.] To oppose. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Op*po"nen*cy (?), n. The act of opening an academical disputation; the proposition of objections to a tenet, as an exercise for a degree. [Eng.] Todd.
Op*po"nent (?), a. [L. opponens, -entis, p. pr. of opponere to set or place against, to oppose; ob (see Ob-) + ponere to place. See Position.] Situated in front; opposite; hence, opposing; adverse; antagonistic. Pope.
Op*po"nent, n. 1. One who opposes; an adversary; an antagonist; a foe. Macaulay.
2. One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal controversy; specifically, one who attacks some theirs or proposition, in distinction from the respondent, or defendant, who maintains it.
How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his office, and seasonably commit the opponent with the respondent, like a long-practiced moderator!
Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- Antagonist; opposer; foe. See Adversary.
Op`por*tune" (?), a. [F. opporiun, L. opportunus, lit., at or before the port; ob (see Ob-) + a derivative of portus port, harbor. See Port harbor.] Convenient; ready; hence, seasonable; timely. Milton.
This is most opportune to our need.
Shak.
-- Op`por*tune"ly, adv. -- Op`por*tune"ness, n.
Op`por*tune", v. t. To suit. [Obs.] Dr. Clerke(1637).
Op`por*tun"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. opportunisme.] The art or practice of taking advantage of opportunities or circumstances, or of seeking immediate advantage with little regard for ultimate consequences. [Recent]
Op`por*tun"ist, n. [Cf. F. opportuniste.] One who advocates or practices opportunism. [Recent]
Op`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Opportunities (#). [F. opportunité, L. opportunitas. See Opportune.] 1. Fit or convenient time; a time or place favorable for executing a purpose; a suitable combination of conditions; suitable occasion; chance.
A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.
Bacon.
2. Convenience of situation; fitness. [Obs.]
Hull, a town of great strength and opportunity, both to sea and land affairs.
Milton.
3. Importunity; earnestness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Occasion; convenience; occurrence. -- Opportunity, Occasion. An occasion is that which falls in our way, or presents itself in the course of events; an opportunity is a convenience or fitness of time, place, etc., for the doing of a thing. Hence, occasions often make opportunities. The occasion of sickness may give opportunity for reflection.
Op*pos`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The condition or quality of being opposable.
In no savage have I ever seen the slightest approach to opposability of the great toe, which is the essential distinguishing feature of apes.
A. R. Wallace.
Op*pos"a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being opposed or resisted.
2. Capable of being placed opposite something else; as, the thumb is opposable to the forefinger.
Op*pos"al (?), n. Opposition. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.
Op*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Opposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Opposing.] [F. opposer. See Ob-, Pose, and cf.2d Appose, Puzzle, n. Cf.L. opponere, oppositum.] 1. To place in front of, or over against; to set opposite; to exhibit.
Her grace sat down . . . In a rich chair of state; opposing freely The beauty of her person to the people.
Shak.
2. To put in opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail; to set against; to offer antagonistically.
I may . . . oppose my single opinion to his.
Locke.
3. To resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against; to confront; to resist; to withstand; as, to oppose the king in battle; to oppose a bill in Congress.
4. To compete with; to strive against; as, to oppose a rival for a prize.
I am . . . too weak To oppose your cunning.
Shak.
Syn. -- To combat; withstand; contradict; deny; gainsay; oppugn; contravene; check; obstruct.
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Op*pose" (?), v. i. 1. To be set opposite. Shak.
2. To act adversely or in opposition; -- with against or to; as, a servant opposed against the act. [Obs.] Shak.
3. To make objection or opposition in controversy.
Op*pose"less, a. Not to be effectually opposed; irresistible. [Obs.] "Your great opposeless wills." Shak.
Op*pos"er (?), n. One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist; an adversary.
Op"po*site (?), a. [F., fr. L. oppositus, p. p. of opponere. See Opponent.] 1. Placed over against; standing or situated over against or in front; facing; -- often with to; as, a house opposite to the Exchange.
2. Applied to the other of two things which are entirely different; other; as, the opposite sex; the opposite extreme.
3. Extremely different; inconsistent; contrary; repugnant; antagonistic.
Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pieasure opposite to that which is designed in an epic poem.
Dryden.
Particles of speech have divers, and sometimes almost opposite, significations.
Locke.
4. (Bot.) (a) Set over against each other, but separated by the whole diameter of the stem, as two leaves at the same node. (b) Placed directly in front of another part or organ, as a stamen which stands before a petal.
Op"po*site, n. 1. One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist. [Obs.]
The opposites of this day's strife.
Shak.
2. That which is opposed or contrary; as, sweetness and its opposite.
The virtuous man meets with more opposites and opponents than any other.
Landor.
Op"po*site*ly, adv. In a situation to face each other; in an opposite manner or direction; adversely.
Winds from all quarters oppositely blow.
May.
Op"po*site*ness, n. The quality or state of being opposite.
Op*pos`i*ti*fo"li*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, Folious.] (Bot.) Placed at the same node with a leaf, but separated from it by the whole diameter of the stem; as, an oppositifolious peduncle.
Op`po*si"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. oppositio. See Opposite.] 1. The act of opposing; an attempt to check, restrain, or defeat; resistance.
The counterpoise of so great an opposition.
Shak.
Virtue which breaks through all opposition.
Milton.
2. The state of being placed over against; situation so as to front something else. Milton.
3. Repugnance; contrariety of sentiment, interest, or purpose; antipathy. Shak.
4. That which opposes; an obstacle; specifically, the aggregate of persons or things opposing; hence, in politics and parliamentary practice, the party opposed to the party in power.
5. (Astron.) The situation of a heavenly body with respect to another when in the part of the heavens directly opposite to it; especially, the position of a planet or satellite when its longitude differs from that of the sun 180°; - - signified by the symbol &?;; as, &?; , opposition of Jupiter to the sun.
6. (Logic) The relation between two propositions when, having the same subject and predicate, they differ in quantity, or in quality, or in both; or between two propositions which have the same matter but a different form.
Op`po*si"tion*ist, n. One who belongs to the opposition party. Praed.
Op*pos`i*ti*pet"al*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, and Petal.] (Bot.) Placed in front of a petal.
Op*pos`i*ti*sep"al*ous (?), a. [See Opposite, and Sepal.] (Bot.) Placed in front of a sepal.
Op*pos`i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. oppositif. See Opposite.] Capable of being put in opposition. Bp. Hall.
Op*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oppressing.] [F. oppresser, LL. oppressare, fr. L. oppressus, p. p. of opprimere; ob (see Ob- ) + premere to press. See Press.] 1. To impose excessive burdens upon; to overload; hence, to treat with unjust rigor or with cruelty. Wyclif.
For thee, oppressèd king, am I cast down.
Shak.
Behold the kings of the earth; how they oppress Thy chosen !
Milton.
2. To ravish; to violate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. To put down; to crush out; to suppress. [Obs.]
The mutiny he there hastes to oppress.
Shak.
4. To produce a sensation of weight in (some part of the body); as, my lungs are oppressed by the damp air; excess of food oppresses the stomach.
Op*pres"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. oppressio.]
1. The act of oppressing, or state of being oppressed.
2. That which oppresses; a hardship or injustice; cruelty; severity; tyranny. "The multitude of oppressions." Job xxxv. 9.
3. A sense of heaviness or obstruction in the body or mind; depression; dullness; lassitude; as, an oppression of spirits; an oppression of the lungs.
There gentlee Sleep First found me, and with soft oppression seized My drowsed sense.
Milton.
4. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Op*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. oppressif.]
1. Unreasonably burdensome; unjustly severe, rigorous, or harsh; as, oppressive taxes; oppressive exactions of service; an oppressive game law. Macaulay.
2. Using oppression; tyrannical; as, oppressive authority or commands.
3. Heavy; overpowering; hard to be borne; as, oppressive grief or woe.
To ease the soul of one oppressive weight.
Pope.
-- Op*press"ive*ly, adv. -- Op*press"ive*ness, n.
Op*press"or (?), n. [L.] One who oppresses; one who imposes unjust burdens on others; one who harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity.
The orphan pines while the oppressor feeds.
Shak.
To relieve the oppressed and to punish the oppressor.
Swift.
Op*pres"sure (?), n. Oppression. [Obs.]
Op*pro"bri*ous (?), a. [L. opprobriosus, fr. opprobrium. See Opprobrium.] 1. Expressive of opprobrium; attaching disgrace; reproachful; scurrilous; as, opprobrious language.
They . . . vindicate themselves in terms no less opprobrious than those by which they are attacked.
Addison.
2. Infamous; despised; rendered hateful; as, an opprobrious name.
This dark, opprobrious den of shame.
Milton.
-- Op*pro"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Op*pro"bri*ous*ness, n.
Op*pro"bri*um (?), n. [L., fr. ob (see Ob-) + probrum reproach, disgrace.] Disgrace; infamy; reproach mingled with contempt; abusive language.
Being both dramatic author and dramatic performer, he found himself heir to a twofold opprobrium.
De Quincey.
Op*pro"bry (?), n. Opprobrium. [Obs.] Johnson.
Op*pugn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oppugned (?); p pr. & vb. n. Oppugning.] [OF. oppugner, L. oppugnare; ob (see Ob-) + pugnare to fight. See Impugn.] To fight against; to attack; to be in conflict with; to oppose; to resist.
They said the manner of their impeachment they could not but conceive did oppugn the rights of Parliament.
Clarendon.
Op*pug"nan*cy (?), n. [See Oppugnant.] The act of oppugning; opposition; resistance. Shak.
Op*pug"nant (?), a. [L. oppugnans, p. pr. of oppugnare. See Oppugn.] Tending to awaken hostility; hostile; opposing; warring. "Oppugnant forces." I. Taylor. -- n. An opponent. [R.] Coleridge.
Op`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. oppugnatio: cf. OF. oppugnation.] Opposition. [R.] Bp. Hall.
Op*pugn"er (?), n. One who opposes or attacks; that which opposes. Selden.
Op*sim"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] Education late in life. [R.] Hales.
Op`si*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; sight + -meter: cf. F. opsiomètre.] An instrument for measuring the limits of distincts vision in different individuals, and thus determiming the proper focal length of a lens for correcting imperfect sight. Brande & C.
Op`so*na"tion (?), n. [L. opsonatio.] A catering; a buying of provisions. [Obs.] Bailey.
Op"ta*ble (?), a. [L. optabilis.] That may be chosen; desirable. [Obs.] Cockeram.
Op"tate (?), v. i. [L. optatus, p. p. of optare.] To choose; to wish for; to desire. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Op*ta"tion (?), n. [L. optatio. See Option.] The act of optating; a wish. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Op"ta*tive (?), a. [L. optativus: cf. F. optatif.] Expressing desire or wish. Fuller.
Optative mood (Gram.), that mood or form of a verb, as in Greek, Sanskrit, etc., in which a wish or desire is expressed.
Op"ta*tive, n. [Cf. F. optatif.]
1. Something to be desired. [R.] Bacon.
2. (Gram.) The optative mood; also, a verb in the optative mood.
Op"ta*tive*ly, adv. In an optative manner; with the expression of desire. [R.]
God blesseth man imperatively, and man blesseth God optatively.
Bp. Hall.
Op"tic (?), n. [From Optic, a.] 1. The organ of sight; an eye.
The difference is as great between The optics seeing, as the object seen.
Pope.
2. An eyeglass. [Obs.] Herbert.
{ Op"tic (?), Op"tic*al (?), } a. [F. optique, Gr. &?;; akin to &?; sight, &?; I have seen, &?; I shall see, and to &?; the two eyes, &?; face, L. oculus eye. See Ocular, Eye, and cf. Canopy, Ophthalmia.] 1. Of or pertaining to vision or sight.
The moon, whose orb Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views.
Milton.
2. Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; as, the optic nerves (the first pair of cranial nerves) which are distributed to the retina. See Illust. of Brain, and Eye.
3. Relating to the science of optics; as, optical works.
Optic angle (Opt.), the angle included between the optic axes of the two eyes when directed to the same point; -- sometimes called binocular parallax. -- Optic axis. (Opt.) (a) A line drawn through the center of the eye perpendicular to its anterior and posterior surfaces. In a normal eye it is in the direction of the optic axis that objects are most distinctly seen. (b) The line in a doubly refracting crystal, in the direction of which no double refraction occurs. A uniaxial crystal has one such line, a biaxial crystal has two. - - Optical circle (Opt.), a graduated circle used for the measurement of angles in optical experiments. -- Optical square, a surveyor's instrument with reflectors for laying off right angles.
Op"tic*al*ly, adv. By optics or sight; with reference to optics.
Optically active, Optically inactive (Chem. Physics), terms used of certain metameric substances which, while identical with each other in other respects, differ in this, viz., that they do or do not produce right- handed or left-handed circular polarization of light. -- Optically positive, Optically negative. See under Refraction.
Op*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. opticien. See Optic, a.]
1. One skilled in optics. [R.] A. Smith.
2. One who deals in optical glasses and instruments.
Op"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. optique, L. optice, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;). See Optic.] That branch of physical science which treats of the nature and properties of light, the laws of its modification by opaque and transparent bodies, and the phenomena of vision.
Op"ti*graph (?), n. [Optic + -graph: cf. F. opticographe. See Optic, a. ] A telescope with a diagonal eyepiece, suspended vertically in gimbals by the object end beneath a fixed diagonal plane mirror. It is used for delineating landscapes, by means of a pencil at the eye end which leaves the delineation on paper.
Op"ti*ma*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. optimatie. See Optimate.]
1. Government by the nobility. [R.] Howell.
2. Collectively, the nobility. [R.]
Op"ti*mate (?), a. [L. optimas, -atis, adj., optimates, n. pl., the adherents of the best men, the aristocrats, fr. optimus the best.] Of or pertaining to the nobility or aristocracy. [R.] -- n. A nobleman or aristocrat; a chief man in a state or city. [R.] Chapman.
||Op`ti*ma"tes (?), n. pl. [L. See Optimate.] The nobility or ||aristocracy of ancient Rome, as opposed to the populares.
Op"ti*me (?), n. [L., adv. fr. optimus the best.] One of those who stand in the second rank of honors, immediately after the wranglers, in the University of Cambridge, England. They are divided into senior and junior optimes.
Op"ti*mism (?), n. [L. optimus the best; akin to optio choice: cf. F. optimisme. See Option.]
1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature, being the work of God, is ordered for the best, or that the ordering of things in the universe is such as to produce the highest good.
2. A disposition to take the most hopeful view; -- opposed to pessimism.
Op"ti*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. optimiste.]
1. (Metaph.) One who holds the opinion that all events are ordered for the best.
2. One who looks on the bright side of things, or takes hopeful views; -- opposed to pessimist.
Op`ti*mis"tic (?), a. 1. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to optimism; tending, or conforming, to the opinion that all events are ordered for the best.
2. Hopeful; sanguine; as, an optimistic view.
Op*tim"i*ty (?), n. [L. optimitas, fr. optimus the best.] The state of being best. [R.] Bailey.
Op"tion (?), n. [L. optio; akin to optare to choose, wish, optimus best, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. option.]
1. The power of choosing; the right of choice or election; an alternative.
There is an option left to the United States of America, whether they will be respectable and prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as a nation.
Washington.
2. The exercise of the power of choice; choice.
Transplantation must proceed from the option of the people, else it sounds like an exile.
Bacon.
3. A wishing; a wish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
4. (Ch. of Eng.) A right formerly belonging to an archbishop to select any one dignity or benefice in the gift of a suffragan bishop consecrated or confirmed by him, for bestowal by himself when next vacant; -- annulled by Parliament in 1845.
5. (Stock Exchange) A stipulated privilege, given to a party in a time contract, of demanding its fulfillment on any day within a specified limit.
Buyer's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to buy stocks at a certain future date and at a certain price, to demand the delivery of the stock (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price. -- Seller's option, an option allowed to one who contracts to deliver stock art a certain price on a certain future date, to deliver it (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price. Such options are privileges for which a consideration is paid. -- Local option. See under Local.
Syn. -- Choice; preference; selection. -- Option, Choice. Choice is an act of choosing; option often means liberty to choose, and implies freedom from constraint in the act of choosing.
Op"tion*al (?), a. Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to one's discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional studies; it is optional with you to go or stay. -- n. See Elective, n.
If to the former the movement was not optional, it was the same that the latter chose when it was optional.
Palfrey.
Original writs are either optional or peremptory.
Blackstone.
Op"tion*al*ly, adv. In an optional manner.
{ Op"to*cœle (?), ||Op`to*cœ"li*a (?), } n. [NL. optocoelia, fr. Gr. &?; optic + koi^los a hollow.] (Anat.) The cavity of one of the optic lobes of the brain in many animals. B. G. Wilder.
Op"to*gram (?), n. [Optic + - gram: cf. F. optogramme.] (Physiol.) An image of external objects fixed on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple. See Optography.
Op*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Optic + -graphy.] (Physiol.) The production of an optogram on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple; the fixation of an image in the eye. The object so photographed shows white on a purple or red background. See Visual purple, under Visual.
Op*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Optic + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the distance of distinct vision, mainly for the selection of eveglasses.
Op"u*lence (?), n. [L. opulentia: cf. F. opulence. See Opulent.] Wealth; riches; affluence. Swift
Op"u*len*cy (?), n. See Opulence. Shak.
Op"u*lent (?), a. [L. opulens, opulentus, fr. ops, opis, power, wealth, riches, perh. akin to E. apt: cf. F. opulent. Cf. Copious, Couple, Office.] Having a large estate or property; wealthy; rich; affluent; as, an opulent city; an opulent citizen. -- Op"u*lent*ly, adv.
I will piece Her opulent throne with kingdoms.
Shak.
||O*pun"ti*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous plants; the ||prickly pear, or Indian fig.
||O"pus (?), n.; pl. Opera (#). [L. See Opera.] A work; specif. (Mus.), ||a musical composition.
Each composition, or set of pieces, as the composer may choose, is called an opus, and they are numbered in the order of their issue. (Often abbrev. to op.)
<! p. 1008 !>
Opus incertum. [L.] (Arch.) See under Incertum.
{ O*pus"cle (?), O*pus"cule (?), } n. [L. opusculum, dim. of opus work: cf. F. opuscule.] A small or petty work.
||O*pus"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Opuscula (#). [L.] An opuscule. Smart.
O"pye (?), n. Opium. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O*quas"sa (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small, handsome trout (Salvelinus oquassa), found in some of the lakes in Maine; -- called also blueback trout.
-or. [L. -or: cf. OF. -or, -ur, - our, F. -eur.]
1. A noun suffix denoting an act; a state or quality; as in error, fervor, pallor, candor, etc.
2. A noun suffix denoting an agent or doer; as in auditor, one who hears; donor, one who gives; obligor, elevator. It is correlative to - ee. In general -or is appended to words of Latin, and - er to those of English, origin. See -er.
Or (?), conj. [OE. or, outher, other, auther, either, or, AS. w&?;er, contr. from hwæ&?;er; aye + hwæ&?;er whether. See Aye, and Whether, and cf. Either.] A particle that marks an alternative; as, you may read or may write, -- that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to either. You may ride either to London or to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either; as, he may study law, or medicine, or divinity, or he may enter into trade.
If man's convenience, health, Or safety interfere, his rights and claims Are paramount.
Cowper.
Or may be used to join as alternatives terms expressing unlike things or ideas (as, is the orange sour or sweet?), or different terms expressing the same thing or idea; as, this is a sphere, or globe.
Or sometimes begins a sentence. In this case it expresses an alternative or subjoins a clause differing from the foregoing. "Or what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone?" Matt. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ).
Or for either is archaic or poetic.
Maugre thine heed, thou must for indigence Or steal, or beg, or borrow thy dispence.
Chaucer.
Or, prep. & adv. [AS. &?;r ere, before. √204. See Ere, prep. & adv.] Ere; before; sooner than. [Obs.]
But natheless, while I have time and space, Or that I forther in this tale pace.
Chaucer.
Or ever, Or ere. See under Ever, and Ere.
Or, n. [F., fr. L. aurum gold. Cf. Aureate.] (Her.) Yellow or gold color, -- represented in drawing or engraving by small dots.
O"ra (?), n. [AS. See 2d Ore.] A money of account among the Anglo-Saxons, valued, in the Domesday Book, at twenty pence sterling.
||O`ra*bas"su (?), n. (Zoöl.) A South American monkey of the genus ||Callithrix, esp. C. Moloch.
{ Or"ach, Or"ache} (?), n. [F. arroche, corrupted fr. L. atriplex, Gr. &?;. Cf. Arrach.] (Bot.) A genus (Atriplex) of herbs or low shrubs of the Goosefoot family, most of them with a mealy surface.
Garden orache, a plant (Atriplex hortensis), often used as a pot herb; -- also called mountain spinach.
Or"a*cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. oraculum, fr. orare to speak, utter, pray, fr. os, oris, mouth. See Oral.]
1. The answer of a god, or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry respecting some affair or future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle.
Whatso'er she saith, for oracles must stand.
Drayton.
2. Hence: The deity who was supposed to give the answer; also, the place where it was given.
The oracles are dumb; No voice or hideous hum Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving.
Milton.
3. The communications, revelations, or messages delivered by God to the prophets; also, the entire sacred Scriptures -- usually in the plural.
The first principles of the oracles of God.
Heb. v. 12.
4. (Jewish Antiq.) The sanctuary, or Most Holy place in the temple; also, the temple itself. 1 Kings vi. 19.
Siloa's brook, that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God.
Milton.
5. One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet.
God hath now sent his living oracle Into the world to teach his final will.
Milton.
6. Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are regarded as of great authority; as, a literary oracle. "Oracles of mode." Tennyson.
The country rectors . . . thought him an oracle on points of learning.
Macaulay.
7. A wise sentence or decision of great authority.
Or"a*cle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oracled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oracling (?).] To utter oracles. [Obs.]
O*rac"u*lar (?), a. [L. oracularius. See Oracle.]
1. Of or pertaining to an oracle; uttering oracles; forecasting the future; as, an oracular tongue.
2. Resembling an oracle in some way, as in solemnity, wisdom, authority, obscurity, ambiguity, dogmatism.
They have something venerable and oracular in that unadorned gravity and shortness in the expression.
Pope.
-- O*rac"u*lar*ly, adv. -- O*rac"u*lar*ness, n.
O*rac"u*lous (?), a. Oracular; of the nature of an oracle. [R.] "Equivocations, or oraculous speeches." Bacon. "The oraculous seer." Pope. -- O*rac"u*lous*ly, adv. -- O*rac"u*lous*ness, n.
O*ra"gious (?), a. [F. orageux.] Stormy. [R.]
Or"ai*son (?), n. See Orison. [Obs.] Shak.
O"ral (?), a. [L. os, oris, the mouth, akin to Skr. s. Cf. Adore, Orison, Usher.] 1. Uttered by the mouth, or in words; spoken, not written; verbal; as, oral traditions; oral testimony; oral law.
2. Of or pertaining to the mouth; surrounding or lining the mouth; as, oral cilia or cirri.
O"ral*ly, adv. 1. In an oral manner. Tillotson.
2. By, with, or in, the mouth; as, to receive the sacrament orally. [Obs.] Usher.
O*rang" (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Orang-outang.
Or"ange (?), n. [F.; cf. It. arancia, arancio, LL. arangia, Sp. naranjia, Pg. laranja; all fr. Ar. nranj, Per. nranj, nrang; cf. Skr. nranga orange tree. The o- in F. orange is due to confusion with or gold, L. aurum, because the orange resembles gold in color.]
1. The fruit of a tree of the genus Citrus (C. Aurantium). It is usually round, and consists of pulpy carpels, commonly ten in number, inclosed in a leathery rind, which is easily separable, and is reddish yellow when ripe.
There are numerous varieties of oranges; as, the bitter orange, which is supposed to be the original stock; the navel orange, which has the rudiment of a second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit; the blood orange, with a reddish juice; and the horned orange, in which the carpels are partly separated.
2. (Bot.) The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree.
3. The color of an orange; reddish yellow.
Mandarin orange. See Mandarin. - - Mock orange (Bot.), any species of shrubs of the genus Philadelphus, which have whitish and often fragrant blossoms. -- Native orange, or Orange thorn (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Citriobatus parviflorus); also, its edible yellow berries. -- Orange bird (Zoöl.), a tanager of Jamaica (Tanagra zena); -- so called from its bright orange breast. -- Orange cowry (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowry (Cypræa aurantia), highly valued by collectors of shells on account of its rarity. -- Orange grass (Bot.), an inconspicuous annual American plant (Hypericum Sarothra), having minute, deep yellow flowers. -- Orange oil (Chem.), an oily, terpenelike substance obtained from orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is obtained from the flowers. -- Orange pekoe, a kind of black tea. -- Orange pippin, an orange-colored apple with acid flavor. -- Quito orange, the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of nightshade (Solanum Quitoense), native in Quito. -- Orange scale (Zoöl.) any species of scale insects which infests orange trees; especially, the purple scale (Mytilaspis citricola), the long scale (M. Gloveri), and the red scale (Aspidiotus Aurantii).
Or"ange, a. Of or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange; reddish yellow; as, an orange ribbon.
Or`ange*ade" (?), n. [F., fr. orange.] A drink made of orange juice and water, corresponding to lemonade; orange sherbet.
Or`an*geat" (?), n. [F., fr. orange.] Candied orange peel; also, orangeade.
Or"ange*ism (?), n. Attachment to the principles of the society of Orangemen; the tenets or practices of the Orangemen.
Or"ange*man (?), n.; pl. -men (&?;). One of a secret society, organized in the north of Ireland in 1795, the professed objects of which are the defense of the regning sovereign of Great Britain, the support of the Protestant religion, the maintenance of the laws of the kingdom, etc.; -- so called in honor of William, Prince of Orange, who became William III. of England.
Or"ange*root` (?), n. (Bot.) An American ranunculaceous plant (Hidrastis Canadensis), having a yellow tuberous root; -- also called yellowroot, golden seal, etc.
Or"an*ger*y (?), n. [F. orangerie, fr. orange. See Orange.] A place for raising oranges; a plantation of orange trees.
Or"ange*taw`ny (?), a. & n. Deep orange-yellow; dark yellow. Shak.
Or"an*gite (?), (Min.) An orange-yellow variety of the mineral thorite, found in Norway.
O*rang"-ou*tang` (?), n. [Malayan &?;rang &?;tan, i. e., man of the woods; &?;rang man + &?;tan a forest, wood, wild, savage.] (Zoöl.) An arboreal anthropoid ape (Simia satyrus), which inhabits Borneo and Sumatra. Often called simply orang. [Written also orang-outan, orang-utan, ourang- utang, and oran-utan.]
It is over four feet high, when full grown, and has very long arms, which reach nearly or quite to the ground when the body is erect. Its color is reddish brown. In structure, it closely resembles man in many respects.
O*ra"ri*an (?), a. [L. orarius, fr. ora coast.] Of or pertaining to a coast.
O*ra"tion (?), n.[L. oratio, fr. orare to speak, utter, pray. See Oral, Orison.] An elaborate discourse, delivered in public, treating an important subject in a formal and dignified manner; especially, a discourse having reference to some special occasion, as a funeral, an anniversary, a celebration, or the like; -- distinguished from an argument in court, a popular harangue, a sermon, a lecture, etc.; as, Webster's oration at Bunker Hill.
The lord archbishop . . . made a long oration.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Address; speech. See Harangue.
O*ra"tion, v. i. To deliver an oration. Donne.
Or"a*tor (?), n. [L., fr. orare to speak, utter. See Oration.] 1. A public speaker; one who delivers an oration; especially, one distinguished for his skill and power as a public speaker; one who is eloquent.
I am no orator, as Brutus is.
Shak.
Some orator renowned In Athens or free Rome.
Milton.
2. (Law) (a) In equity proceedings, one who prays for relief; a petitioner. (b) A plaintiff, or complainant, in a bill in chancery. Burrill.
3. (Eng. Universities) An officer who is the voice of the university upon all public occasions, who writes, reads, and records all letters of a public nature, presents, with an appropriate address, those persons on whom honorary degrees are to be conferred, and performs other like duties; -- called also public orator.
Or`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Oratorical. [R.] Swift. -- Or`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv.
Or`a*to"ri*an (?), a. Oratorical. [Obs.] R. North.
Or`a*to"ri*an, n. [Cf. F. oratorien.] (R. C. Ch.) See Fathers of the Oratory, under Oratory.
Or`a*tor"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orator or to oratory; characterized by oratory; rhetorical; becoming to an orator; as, an oratorical triumph; an oratorical essay. -- Or`a*tor"ic*al*ly, adv.
Or`a*to"ri*o (?), n. [It., fr. L. oratorius belonging to praying. See Orator, and cf. Oratory.]
1. (Mus.) A more or less dramatic text or poem, founded on some Scripture nerrative, or great divine event, elaborately set to music, in recitative, arias, grand choruses, etc., to be sung with an orchestral accompaniment, but without action, scenery, or costume, although the oratorio grew out of the Mysteries and the Miracle and Passion plays, which were acted.
There are instances of secular and mythological subjects treated in the form of the oratorios, and called oratorios by their composers; as Haydn's "Seasons," Handel's "Semele," etc.
2. Performance or rendering of such a composition.
Or`a*to"ri*ous (?), a. [LL. oratorius.] Oratorical. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Or`a*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]
Or"a*tor*ize (?), v. i. To play the orator. [Jocose or derisive] Dickens.
Or"a*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Oratories (#). [OE. oratorie, fr. L. oratorium, fr. oratorius of praying, of an orator: cf. F. oratoire. See Orator, Oral, and cf. Oratorio.] A place of orisons, or prayer; especially, a chapel or small room set apart for private devotions.
An oratory [temple] . . . in worship of Dian.
Chaucer.
Do not omit thy prayers for want of a good oratory, or place to pray in.
Jer. Taylor.
Fathers of the Oratory (R. C. Ch.), a society of priests founded by St. Philip Neri, living in community, and not bound by a special vow. The members are called also oratorians.
Or"a*to*ry, n. [L. oratoria (sc. ars) the oratorical art.] The art of an orator; the art of public speaking in an eloquent or effective manner; the exercise of rhetorical skill in oral discourse; eloquence. "The oratory of Greece and Rome." Milton.
When a world of men Could not prevail with all their oratory.
Shak.
Or"a*tress (?), n. A woman who makes public addresses. Warner.
Or"a*trix (?), n. [L.] A woman plaintiff, or complainant, in equity pleading. Burrill.
Orb (?), n. [OF. orb blind, fr. L. orbus destitute.] (Arch.) A blank window or panel. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.
Orb, n. [F. orbe, fr. L. orbis circle, orb. Cf. Orbit.]
1. A spherical body; a globe; especially, one of the celestial spheres; a sun, planet, or star.
In the small orb of one particular tear.
Shak.
Whether the prime orb, Incredible how swift, had thither rolled.
Milton.
2. One of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to be inclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in their revolutions.
3. A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit.
The schoolmen were like astronomers, which did feign eccentrics, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs.
Bacon.
You seem to me as Dian in her orb.
Shak.
In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood, Orb within orb.
Milton.
4. A period of time marked off by the revolution of a heavenly body. [R.] Milton.
5. The eye, as luminous and spherical. [Poetic]
A drop serene hath quenched their orbs.
Milton.
6. A revolving circular body; a wheel. [Poetic]
The orbs Of his fierce chariot rolled.
Milton.
7. A sphere of action. [R.] Wordsworth.
But in our orbs we'll live so round and safe.
Shak
8. Same as Mound, a ball or globe. See lst Mound.
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9. (Mil.) A body of soldiers drawn up in a circle, as for defense, esp. infantry to repel cavalry.
Syn. -- Globe; ball; sphere. See Globe.
Orb (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orbing.] 1. To form into an orb or circle. [Poetic] Milton. Lowell.
2. To encircle; to surround; to inclose. [Poetic]
The wheels were orbed with gold.
Addison.
Orb, v. i. To become round like an orb. [Poetic]
And orb into the perfect star.
Tennyson.
Or"bate (?), a. [L. orbatus, p. p. of orbare to bereave, fr. orbus bereaved of parents or children. See Orphan.] Bereaved; fatherless; childless. [Obs.]
Or*ba"tion (?), n. [L. orbatio.] The state of being orbate, or deprived of parents or children; privation, in general; bereavement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Orbed (?), a. Having the form of an orb; round.
The orbèd eyelids are let down.
Trench.
{ Or"bic (?), Or"bic*al (?), } a. [L. orbicus, or orbitus, fr. orbis orb.] Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular. [R.] Bacon.
Or"bi*cle (?), n. [L. orbiculus, dim. of orbis orb.] A small orb, or sphere. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.
||Or*bic"u*la (?), n. [NL. See Orbicle.] (Zoöl.) Same as Discina.
Or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [L. orbicularis, fr. orbiculus, dim. of orbis orb: cf. F. orbiculaire.] Resembling or having the form of an orb; spherical; circular; orbiculate. -- Or*bic"u*lar*ly, adv. -- Or*bic"u*lar*ness, n.
Orbicular as the disk of a planet.
De Quincey.
Or*bic"u*late (?), n. That which is orbiculate; especially, a solid the vertical section of which is oval, and the horizontal section circular.
{ Or*bic"u*late (?), Or*bic"u*la`ted (?), } a. [L. orbiculatus. See Orbicular.] Made, or being, in the form of an orb; having a circular, or nearly circular, or a spheroidal, outline.
Orbiculate leaf (Bot.), a leaf whose outline is nearly circular.
Or*bic`u*la"tion (?), n. The state or quality of being orbiculate; orbicularness. Dr. H. More.
Or"bit (?), n. [L. orbita a track or rut made by a wheel, course, circuit, fr. orbis a circle: cf. F. orbite. See 2d Orb.] 1. (Astron.) The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution around another body; as, the orbit of Jupiter, of the earth, of the moon.
2. An orb or ball. [Rare & Improper]
Roll the lucid orbit of an eye.
Young.
3. (Anat.) The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.
4. (Zoöl.) The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.
Or"bit*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orbit. "Orbital revolution." J. D. Forbes.
Orbital index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken as the standard, equal to 100.
Or"bit*ar (?), a. [Cf. F. orbitaire.] Orbital. [R.] Dunglison.
Or"bit*a*ry (?), a. Situated around the orbit; as, the orbitary feathers of a bird.
||Or`bi*te"læ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. orbis an orb + tela a web.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of spiders, including those that make geometrical ||webs, as the garden spider, or Epeira.
||Or`bi*to*li"tes (?), n. [NL. See Orbit, and -lite.] (Zoöl.) A genus ||of living Foraminifera, forming broad, thin, circular disks, ||containing numerous small chambers.
Or`bi*to*na"sal (?), a. [Orbit + nasal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the orbit and the nose; as, the orbitonasal, or ophthalmic, nerve.
Or`bi*to*sphe"noid (?), a. [Orbit + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the orbit, or to the orbitosphenoid bone. -- n. The orbitosphenoid bone, which is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid. It generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult.
Or`bi*to*sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the orbitosphenoid bone; orbitosphenoid.
Or*bit"u*a*ry (?), a. Orbital. [R.]
{ Or"bi*tude (?), Or"bi*ty (?), } n. [L. orbitudo, orbitas, fr. orbus: cf. F. orbité. See Orbate.] Orbation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
||Or`bu*li"na (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. orbis orb.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||minute living Foraminifera having a globular shell.
Orb"y (?), a. [From 2d Orb.] Orblike; having the course of an orb; revolving. [Obs.] "Orby hours." Chapman.
Orc (?), n. [L. orca: cf. F. orque.] (Zoöl.) The grampus. [Written also ork and orch.] Milton.
Or*ca"di*an (?), a. [L. Orcades the Orkney Islands.] Of or pertaining to the Orkney Islands.
Or"ce*in (?), n. (Chem.) A reddish brown amorphous dyestuff, &?;, obtained from orcin, and forming the essential coloring matter of cudbear and archil. It is closely related to litmus.
Or"chal (?), n. See Archil.
Or"cha*net (?), n. [F. orcanète.] (Bot.) Same as Alkanet, 2. Ainsworth.
Or"chard (?), n. [AS. ortgeard, wyrtgeard, lit., wortyard, i. e., a yard for herbs; wyrt herb + geard yard. See Wort, Yard inclosure.] 1. A garden. [Obs.]
2. An inclosure containing fruit trees; also, the fruit trees, collectively; -- used especially of apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, or the like, less frequently of nutbearing trees and of sugar maple trees.
Orchard grass (Bot.), a tall coarse grass (Dactylis glomerata), introduced into the United States from Europe. It grows usually in shady places, and is of value for forage and hay. -- Orchard house (Hort.), a glazed structure in which fruit trees are reared in pots. -- Orchard oriole (Zool.), a bright-colored American oriole (Icterus spurius), which frequents orchards. It is smaller and darker thah the Baltimore oriole.
Or"chard*ing (?), n. 1. The cultivation of orchards.
2. Orchards, in general.
Or"chard*ist, n. One who cultivates an orchard.
Or"chel (?), n. Archil.
Or`che*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; dance + -graphy.] A treatise upon dancing. [R.]
Or"ches*ter (?), n. See Orchestra.
Or*ches"tian (?), n. [From Gr. &?; a dancer. See Orchestra.] (Zoöl.) Any species of amphipod crustacean of the genus Orchestia, or family Orchestidæ. See Beach flea, under Beach.
Or"ches*tra (?), n. [L. orchestra, Gr. &?;, orig., the place for the chorus of dancers, from &?; to dance: cf. F. orchestre.] 1. The space in a theater between the stage and the audience; -- originally appropriated by the Greeks to the chorus and its evolutions, afterward by the Romans to persons of distinction, and by the moderns to a band of instrumental musicians.
2. The place in any public hall appropriated to a band of instrumental musicians.
3. (Mus.) (a) Loosely: A band of instrumental musicians performing in a theater, concert hall, or other place of public amusement. (b) Strictly: A band suitable for the performance of symphonies, overtures, etc., as well as for the accompaniment of operas, oratorios, cantatas, masses, and the like, or of vocal and instrumental solos. (c) A band composed, for the largest part, of players of the various viol instruments, many of each kind, together with a proper complement of wind instruments of wood and brass; -- as distinguished from a military or street band of players on wind instruments, and from an assemblage of solo players for the rendering of concerted pieces, such as septets, octets, and the like.
4. (Mus.) The instruments employed by a full band, collectively; as, an orchestra of forty stringed instruments, with proper complement of wind instruments.
Or"ches*tral (?), a. Of or pertaining to an orchestra; suitable for, or performed in or by, an orchestra.
Or`ches*tra"tion (?), n. (Mus.) The arrangement of music for an orchestra; orchestral treatment of a composition; -- called also instrumentation.
Or"ches*tre (?), n. [F.] See Orchestra.
Or*ches"tric (?), a. Orchestral.
Or*ches"tri*on (?), n. A large music box imitating a variety of orchestral instruments.
Or"chid (?), n. [See Orchis.] (Bot.) Any plant of the order Orchidaceæ. See Orchidaceous.
Or`chi*da"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order (Orchidaceæ) of endogenous plants of which the genus Orchis is the type. They are mostly perennial herbs having the stamens and pistils united in a single column, and normally three petals and three sepals, all adherent to the ovary. The flowers are curiously shaped, often resembling insects, the odd or lower petal (called the lip) being unlike the others, and sometimes of a strange and unexpected appearance. About one hundred species occur in the United States, but several thousand in the tropics.
Over three hundred genera are recognized.
Or*chid"e*an (?), a. (Bot.) Orchidaceous.
Or*chid"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Orchidaceous.
Or`chid*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in orchidology.
Or`chid*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; the orchis + -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of orchids.
Or"chil (?), n. See Archil.
Or*chil"la weed` (?). (Bot.) The lichen from which archil is obtained. See Archil.
Or"chis (?), n.; pl. Orchises (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; a testicle, the orchis; -- so called from its tubers.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants growing in the North Temperate zone, and consisting of about eighty species. They are perennial herbs growing from a tuber (beside which is usually found the last year's tuber also), and are valued for their showy flowers. See Orchidaceous.
2. (Bot.) Any plant of the same family with the orchis; an orchid.
The common names, such as bee orchis, fly orchis, butterfly orchis, etc., allude to the peculiar form of the flower.
||Or*chi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a testicle + -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the testicles.
Or*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a testicle + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting out or removing a testicle by the knife; castration.
Or"cin (?), n. [Etymology uncertain: cf. F. orcine.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C6H3.CH3.(OH)2, which is obtained from certain lichens (Roccella, Lecanora, etc.), also from extract of aloes, and artificially from certain derivatives of toluene. It changes readily into orcein.
Ord (?), n. [AS. ord point.] An edge or point; also, a beginning. [ Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.
Ord and end, the beginning and end. Cf. Odds and ends, under Odds. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Halliwell.
Or*dain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ordaining.] [OE. ordeinen, OF. ordener, F. ordonner, fr. L. ordinare, from ordo, ordinis, order. See Order, and cf. Ordinance.] 1. To set in order; to arrange according to rule; to regulate; to set; to establish. "Battle well ordained." Spenser.
The stake that shall be ordained on either side.
Chaucer.
2. To regulate, or establish, by appointment, decree, or law; to constitute; to decree; to appoint; to institute.
Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month.
1 Kings xii. 32.
And doth the power that man adores ordain Their doom ?
Byron.
3. To set apart for an office; to appoint.
Being ordained his special governor.
Shak.
4. (Eccl.) To invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions; to introduce into the office of the Christian ministry, by the laying on of hands, or other forms; to set apart by the ceremony of ordination.
Meletius was ordained by Arian bishops.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Or*dain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ordained; worthy to be ordained or appointed. Bp. Hall.
Or*dain"er (?), n. One who ordains.
Or*dain"ment (?), n. Ordination. [R.] Burke.
Or"dal (?), n. Ordeal. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Or*da"li*an (?), a. [LL. ordalium.] Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Or"de*al (ôr"d*al), n. [AS. ordl, ordl, a judgment; akin to D. oordeel, G. urteil, urtheil; orig., what is dealt out, the prefix or- being akin to - compounded with verbs, G. er-, ur- , Goth. us-, orig. meaning, out. See Deal, v. & n., and cf. Arise, Ort.] 1. An ancient form of test to determine guilt or innocence, by appealing to a supernatural decision, -- once common in Europe, and still practiced in the East and by savage tribes.
In England ordeal by fire and ordeal by water were used, the former confined to persons of rank, the latter to the common people. The ordeal by fire was performed, either by handling red-hot iron, or by walking barefoot and blindfold over red-hot plowshares, laid at unequal distances. If the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent; otherwise he was condemned as guilty. The ordeal by water was performed, either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boiling water, an escape from injury being taken as proof of innocence, or by casting the accused person, bound hand and foot, into a river or pond, when if he floated it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk he was acquitted. It is probable that the proverbial phrase, to go through fire and water, denoting severe trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal. See Wager of battle, under Wager.
2. Any severe trial, or test; a painful experience.
Ordeal bean. (Bot.) See Calabar bean, under Calabar. -- Ordeal root (Bot.) the root of a species of Strychnos growing in West Africa, used, like the ordeal bean, in trials for witchcraft. -- Ordeal tree (Bot.), a poisonous tree of Madagascar (Tanghinia, or Cerbera, venenata). Persons suspected of crime are forced to eat the seeds of the plumlike fruit, and criminals are put to death by being pricked with a lance dipped in the juice of the seeds.
Or"de*al, a. Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal.
Or"der (?), n. [OE. ordre, F. ordre, fr. L. ordo, ordinis. Cf. Ordain, Ordinal.]
1. Regular arrangement; any methodical or established succession or harmonious relation; method; system; as: (a) Of material things, like the books in a library. (b) Of intellectual notions or ideas, like the topics of a discource. (c) Of periods of time or occurrences, and the like.
The side chambers were . . . thirty in order.
Ezek. xli. 6.
Bright-harnessed angels sit in order serviceable.
Milton.
Good order is the foundation of all good things.
Burke.
2. Right arrangement; a normal, correct, or fit condition; as, the house is in order; the machinery is out of order. Locke.
3. The customary mode of procedure; established system, as in the conduct of debates or the transaction of business; usage; custom; fashion. Dantiel.
And, pregnant with his grander thought, Brought the old order into doubt.
Emerson.
4. Conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general tranquillity; public quiet; as, to preserve order in a community or an assembly.
5. That which prescribes a method of procedure; a rule or regulation made by competent authority; as, the rules and orders of the senate.
The church hath authority to establish that for an order at one time which at another time it may abolish.
Hooker.
6. A command; a mandate; a precept; a direction.
Upon this new fright, an order was made by both houses for disarming all the papists in England.
Clarendon.
7. Hence: A commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods; a direction, in writing, to pay money, to furnish supplies, to admit to a building, a place of entertainment, or the like; as, orders for blankets are large.
In those days were pit orders -- beshrew the uncomfortable manager who abolished them.
Lamb.
8. A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a rank or class in society; a group or division of men in the same social or other position; also, a distinct character, kind, or sort; as, the higher or lower orders of society; talent of a high order.
They are in equal order to their several ends.
Jer. Taylor.
Various orders various ensigns bear.
Granville.
Which, to his order of mind, must have seemed little short of crime.
Hawthorne.
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9. A body of persons having some common honorary distinction or rule of obligation; esp., a body of religious persons or aggregate of convents living under a common rule; as, the Order of the Bath; the Franciscan order.
Find a barefoot brother out, One of our order, to associate me.
Shak.
The venerable order of the Knights Templars.
Sir W. Scott.
10. An ecclesiastical grade or rank, as of deacon, priest, or bishop; the office of the Christian ministry; -- often used in the plural; as, to take orders, or to take holy orders, that is, to enter some grade of the ministry.
11. (Arch.) The disposition of a column and its component parts, and of the entablature resting upon it, in classical architecture; hence (as the column and entablature are the characteristic features of classical architecture) a style or manner of architectural designing.
The Greeks used three different orders, easy to distinguish, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Romans added the Tuscan, and changed the Doric so that it is hardly recognizable, and also used a modified Corinthian called Composite. The Renaissance writers on architecture recognized five orders as orthodox or classical, -- Doric (the Roman sort), Ionic, Tuscan, Corinthian, and Composite. See Illust. of Capital.
12. (Nat. Hist.) An assemblage of genera having certain important characters in common; as, the Carnivora and Insectivora are orders of Mammalia.
The Linnæan artificial orders of plants rested mainly on identity in the numer of pistils, or agreement in some one character. Natural orders are groups of genera agreeing in the fundamental plan of their flowers and fruit. A natural order is usually (in botany) equivalent to a family, and may include several tribes.
13. (Rhet.) The placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty or clearness of expression.
14. (Math.) Rank; degree; thus, the order of a curve or surface is the same as the degree of its equation.
Artificial order or system. See Artificial classification, under Artificial, and Note to def. 12 above. -- Close order (Mil.), the arrangement of the ranks with a distance of about half a pace between them; with a distance of about three yards the ranks are in open order. -- The four Orders, The Orders four, the four orders of mendicant friars. See Friar. Chaucer. -- General orders (Mil.), orders issued which concern the whole command, or the troops generally, in distinction from special orders. -- Holy orders. (a) (Eccl.) The different grades of the Christian ministry; ordination to the ministry. See def. 10 above. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A sacrament for the purpose of conferring a special grace on those ordained. -- In order to, for the purpose of; to the end; as means to.
The best knowledge is that which is of greatest use in order to our eternal happiness.
Tillotson.
-- Minor orders (R. C. Ch.), orders beneath the diaconate in sacramental dignity, as acolyte, exorcist, reader, doorkeeper. -- Money order. See under Money. -- Natural order. (Bot.) See def. 12, Note. -- Order book. (a) A merchant's book in which orders are entered. (b) (Mil.) A book kept at headquarters, in which all orders are recorded for the information of officers and men. (c) A book in the House of Commons in which proposed orders must be entered. [Eng.] -- Order in Council, a royal order issued with and by the advice of the Privy Council. [Great Britain] -- Order of battle (Mil.), the particular disposition given to the troops of an army on the field of battle. -- Order of the day, in legislative bodies, the special business appointed for a specified day. -- Order of a differential equation (Math.), the greatest index of differentiation in the equation. -- Sailing orders (Naut.), the final instructions given to the commander of a ship of war before a cruise. -- Sealed orders, orders sealed, and not to be opened until a certain time, or arrival at a certain place, as after a ship is at sea. -- Standing order. (a) A continuing regulation for the conduct of parliamentary business. (b) (Mil.) An order not subject to change by an officer temporarily in command. -- To give order, to give command or directions. Shak. -- To take order for, to take charge of; to make arrangements concerning.
Whiles I take order for mine own affairs.
Shak.
Syn. -- Arrangement; management. See Direction.
Or"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordered (?); p pr. & vb. n. Ordering.] [From Order, n.] 1. To put in order; to reduce to a methodical arrangement; to arrange in a series, or with reference to an end. Hence, to regulate; to dispose; to direct; to rule.
To him that ordereth his conversation aright.
Ps. 1. 23.
Warriors old with ordered spear and shield.
Milton.
2. To give an order to; to command; as, to order troops to advance.
3. To give an order for; to secure by an order; as, to order a carriage; to order groceries.
4. (Eccl.) To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks of the ministry.
These ordered folk be especially titled to God.
Chaucer.
Persons presented to be ordered deacons.
Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Order arms (Mil.), the command at which a rifle is brought to a position with its but resting on the ground; also, the position taken at such a command.
Or"der, v. i. To give orders; to issue commands.
Or"der*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ordered; tractable. [R.]
Being very orderable in all his sickness.
Fuller.
Or"der*er (?), n. 1. One who puts in order, arranges, methodizes, or regulates.
2. One who gives orders.
Or"der*ing, n. Disposition; distribution; management. South.
Or"der*less, a. Being without order or regularity; disorderly; out of rule.
Or"der*li*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being orderly.
Or"der*ly, a. 1. Conformed to order; in order; regular; as, an orderly course or plan. Milton.
2. Observant of order, authority, or rule; hence, obedient; quiet; peaceable; not unruly; as, orderly children; an orderly community.
3. Performed in good or established order; well-regulated. "An orderly . . . march." Clarendon.
4. Being on duty; keeping order; conveying orders. "Aids-de-camp and orderly men." Sir W. Scott.
Orderly book (Mil.), a book for every company, in which the general and regimental orders are recorded. -- Orderly officer, the officer of the day, or that officer of a corps or regiment whose turn it is to supervise for the day the arrangements for food, cleanliness, etc. Farrow. -- Orderly room. (a) The court of the commanding officer, where charges against the men of the regiment are tried. (b) The office of the commanding officer, usually in the barracks, whence orders emanate. Farrow. -- Orderly sergeant, the first sergeant of a company.
Or"der*ly (?), adv. According to due order; regularly; methodically; duly.
You are blunt; go to it orderly.
Shak.
Or"der*ly, n.; pl. Orderlies (&?;). 1. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier who attends a superior officer to carry his orders, or to render other service.
Orderlies were appointed to watch the palace.
Macaulay.
2. A street sweeper. [Eng.] Mayhew.
Or`di*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.] Bp. Bull.
Or"di*na*ble (?), a. [See Ordinate, Ordain.] Capable of being ordained or appointed. [Obs.]
Or"di*nal (?), a. [L. ordinalis, fr. ordo, ordinis, order. See Order.] 1. Indicating order or succession; as, the ordinal numbers, first, second, third, etc.
2. Of or pertaining to an order.
Or"di*nal, n. 1. A word or number denoting order or succession.
2. (Ch. of Eng.) The book of forms for making, ordaining, and consecrating bishops, priests, and deacons.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A book containing the rubrics of the Mass. [Written also ordinale.]
Or"di*nal*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being ordinal. [R.] Latham.
Or"di*nance (?), n. [OE. ordenance, OF. ordenance, F. ordonnance. See Ordain, and cf. Ordnance, Ordonnance.]
1. Orderly arrangement; preparation; provision. [Obs.] Spenser.
They had made their ordinance Of victual, and of other purveyance.
Chaucer.
2. A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a statute, law, regulation, rescript, or accepted usage; an edict or decree; esp., a local law enacted by a municipal government; as, a municipal ordinance.
Thou wilt die by God's just ordinance.
Shak.
By custom and the ordinance of times.
Shak.
Walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.
Luke i. 6.
Acts of Parliament are sometimes called ordinances; also, certain colonial laws and certain acts of Congress under Confederation; as, the ordinance of 1787 for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River; the colonial ordinance of 1641, or 1647. This word is often used in Scripture in the sense of a law or statute of sovereign power. Ex. xv. 25. Num. x. 8. Ezra iii. 10. Its most frequent application now in the United States is to laws and regulations of municipal corporations. Wharton (Law Dict.).
3. (Eccl.) An established rite or ceremony.
4. Rank; order; station. [Obs.] Shak.
5. [See Ordnance.] Ordnance; cannon. [Obs.] Shak.
Or"di*nand` (?), n. [L. ordinandus, gerundive of ordinare. See Ordain.] One about to be ordained.
Or"di*nant (?), a. [L. ordinans, p. pr. of ordinare. See Ordain.] Ordaining; decreeing. [Obs.] Shak.
Or"di*nant, n. One who ordains. F. G. Lee.
Or"di*na*ri*ly (?), adv. According to established rules or settled method; as a rule; commonly; usually; in most cases; as, a winter more than ordinarily severe.
Those who ordinarily pride themselves not a little upon their penetration.
I. Taylor.
Or"di*na*ry (?), a. [L. ordinarius, fr. ordo, ordinis, order: cf. F. ordinaire. See Order.] 1. According to established order; methodical; settled; regular. "The ordinary forms of law." Addison.
2. Common; customary; usual. Shak.
Method is not less reguisite in ordinary conversation that in writing.
Addison.
3. Of common rank, quality, or ability; not distinguished by superior excellence or beauty; hence, not distinguished in any way; commonplace; inferior; of little merit; as, men of ordinary judgment; an ordinary book.
An ordinary lad would have acquired little or no useful knowledge in such a way.
Macaulay.
Ordinary seaman (Naut.), one not expert or fully skilled, and hence ranking below an able seaman.
Syn. -- Normal; common; usual; customary. See Normal. -- Ordinary, Common. A thing is common in which many persons share or partake; as, a common practice. A thing is ordinary when it is apt to come round in the regular common order or succession of events.
Or"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Ordinaries (-rz). 1. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own right, and not by deputation. (b) (Eng. Law) One who has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; an ecclesiastical judge; also, a deputy of the bishop, or a clergyman appointed to perform divine service for condemned criminals and assist in preparing them for death. (c) (Am. Law) A judicial officer, having generally the powers of a judge of probate or a surrogate.
2. The mass; the common run. [Obs.]
I see no more in you than in the ordinary Of nature's salework.
Shak.
3. That which is so common, or continued, as to be considered a settled establishment or institution. [R.]
Spain had no other wars save those which were grown into an ordinary.
Bacon.
4. Anything which is in ordinary or common use.
Water buckets, wagons, cart wheels, plow socks, and other ordinaries.
Sir W. Scott.
5. A dining room or eating house where a meal is prepared for all comers, at a fixed price for the meal, in distinction from one where each dish is separately charged; a table d'hôte; hence, also, the meal furnished at such a dining room. Shak.
All the odd words they have picked up in a coffeehouse, or a gaming ordinary, are produced as flowers of style.
Swift.
He exacted a tribute for licenses to hawkers and peddlers and to ordinaries.
Bancroft.
6. (Her.) A charge or bearing of simple form, one of nine or ten which are in constant use. The bend, chevron, chief, cross, fesse, pale, and saltire are uniformly admitted as ordinaries. Some authorities include bar, bend sinister, pile, and others. See Subordinary.
In ordinary. (a) In actual and constant service; statedly attending and serving; as, a physician or chaplain in ordinary. An ambassador in ordinary is one constantly resident at a foreign court. (b) (Naut.) Out of commission and laid up; -- said of a naval vessel. -- Ordinary of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), the part of the Mass which is the same every day; -- called also the canon of the Mass.
Or"di*na*ry*ship (?), n. The state of being an ordinary. [R.] Fuller.
Or"di*nate (?), a. [L. ordinatus, p. p. of ordinare. See Ordain.] Well-ordered; orderly; regular; methodical. "A life blissful and ordinate." Chaucer.
Ordinate figure (Math.), a figure whose sides and angles are equal; a regular figure.
Or"di*nate, n. (Geom.) The distance of any point in a curve or a straight line, measured on a line called the axis of ordinates or on a line parallel to it, from another line called the axis of abscissas, on which the corresponding abscissa of the point is measured.
The ordinate and abscissa, taken together, are called coördinates, and define the position of the point with reference to the two axes named, the intersection of which is called the origin of coördinates. See Coordinate.
Or"di*nate (?), v. t. To appoint, to regulate; to harmonize. Bp. Hall.
Or"di*nate*ly (?), adv. In an ordinate manner; orderly. Chaucer. Skelton.
Or`di*na"tion (?), n. [L. ordinatio: cf. F. ordination.] 1. The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of being ordained, appointed, etc.
The holy and wise ordination of God.
Jer. Taylor.
Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively.
Norris.
2. (Eccl.) The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; the conferring of holy orders.
3. Disposition; arrangement; order. [R.]
Angle of ordination (Geom.), the angle between the axes of coördinates.
Or"di*na*tive (?), a. [L. ordinativus.] Tending to ordain; directing; giving order. [R.] Gauden.
Or"di*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who ordains or establishes; a director. [R.] T. Adams.
Ord"nance (?), n. [From OE. ordenance, referring orig. to the bore or size of the cannon. See Ordinance.] Heavy weapons of warfare; cannon, or great guns, mortars, and howitzers; artillery; sometimes, a general term for all weapons and appliances used in war.
All the battlements their ordnance fire.
Shak.
Then you may hear afar off the awful roar of his [Rufus Choate's] rifled ordnance.
E. Ererett.
Ordnance survey, the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland, conducted by the ordnance department.
Or"don*nance (?), n. [F. See Ordinance.] (Fine Arts) The disposition of the parts of any composition with regard to one another and the whole.
Their dramatic ordonnance of the parts.
Coleridge.
Or"don*nant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of ordonner. See Ordinant.] Of or pertaining to ordonnance. Dryden.
Or*do"vi*an (?), a. & n. (Geol.) Ordovician.
Or`do*vi"cian (?), a. [From L. Ordovices, a Celtic people in Wales.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to a division of the Silurian formation, corresponding in general to the Lower Silurian of most authors, exclusive of the Cambrian. -- n. The Ordovician formation.
Or"dure (?), n. [F. ordure, OF. ord filthy, foul, fr. L. horridus horrid. See Horrid.]
1. Dung; excrement; fæces. Shak.
2. Defect; imperfection; fault. [Obs.] Holland.
Or"dur*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to ordure; filthy. Drayton.
Ore (r), n. [AS. r.] Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ore, n. [AS. ra; cf. r brass, bronze, akin to OHG. r, G. ehern brazen, Icel. eir brass, Goth. ais, L. aes, Skr. ayas iron. √210. Cf. Ora, Era.]
1. The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc. (called mineralizers).
2. (Mining) A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless.
3. Metal; as, the liquid ore. [R.] Milton.
Ore hearth, a low furnace in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called Scotch hearth. Raymond.
O"re*ad (?), n. [L. Oreas, - adis, Gr. 'Oreia`s, -a`dos, fr. 'o`ros mountain: cf. F. oréade.] (Class. Myth.) One of the nymphs of mountains and grottoes.
Like a wood nymph light, Oread or Dryad.
Milton.
||O*re"a*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A group of butterflies which ||includes the satyrs. See Satyr, 2.
O*rec"tic (?), a. [Gr. 'orektiko`s, fr. 'o`rexis, yearning after, from 'ore`gein to reach after.] (Philos.) Of or pertaining to the desires; hence, impelling to gratification; appetitive.
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Or"e*gon grape` (r"*gn grp`). (Bot.) An evergreen species of barberry (Berberis Aquifolium), of Oregon and California; also, its roundish, blue- black berries.
O"re*ide (?), n. See Oroide.
O"re*o*don (?), n. [Gr. 'o`ros, -eos, mountain + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Paleon) A genus of extinct herbivorous mammals, abundant in the Tertiary formation of the Rocky Mountains. It is more or less related to the camel, hog, and deer.
O"re*o*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Resembling, or allied to, the genus Oreodon.
O`re*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to oreography.
O`re*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. 'o`ros, -eos, mountain + -graphy.] The science of mountains; orography.
O`re*os"e*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance which is obtained indirectly from the root of an umbelliferous plant (Imperatoria Oreoselinum), and yields resorcin on decomposition.
||O`re*o*so"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. 'o`ros, -eos, mountain + &?; ||body.] (Zoöl.) A genus of small oceanic fishes, remarkable for the ||large conical tubercles which cover the under surface.
Ore"weed` (?), n. Same as Oarweed.
Ore"wood` (?), n. Same as Oarweed.
{ Orf (?), Or"fe (?), } n. (Zoöl.) A bright-colored domesticated variety of the id. See Id.
Orf"gild` (?), n. [AS. orf, yrfe, cattle, property + gild, gield, money, fine.] (O. Eng. Law) Restitution for cattle; a penalty for taking away cattle. Cowell.
Or"fray (?), n. [F. orfraie. Cf. Osprey, Ossifrage.] (Zoöl.) The osprey. [Obs.] Holland.
Or"frays (?), n. [OF. orfrais, F. orfroi; F. or gold + fraise, frise, fringe, ruff. See Fraise, and cf. Auriphrygiate.] See Orphrey. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
Or"gal (?), n. (Chem.) See Argol. [Obs.]
Or"gan (?), n. [L. organum, Gr. &?;; akin to &?; work, and E. work: cf. F. organe. See Work, and cf. Orgue, Orgy.]
1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is performed, or an important end accomplished; as, legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are organs of government.
2. (Biol.) A natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well- being of the whole; as, the heart, lungs, etc., are organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are organs of plants.
In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. Groups of organs constitute a system. See System.
3. A component part performing an essential office in the working of any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves, crank, etc., are organs of the steam engine.
4. A medium of communication between one person or body and another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party, sect, etc.
5. [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.) A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural, each pipe being considired an organ.
The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow.
Pope.
Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural.
The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon [go].
Barrel organ, Choir organ, Great organ, etc. See under Barrel, Choir, etc. -- Cabinet organ (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ. -- Organ bird (Zoöl.), a Tasmanian crow shrike (Gymnorhina organicum). It utters discordant notes like those of a hand organ out of tune. -- Organ fish (Zoöl.), the drumfish. -- Organ gun. (Mil.) Same as Orgue (b). -- Organ harmonium (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and power. -- Organ of Gorti (Anat.), a complicated structure in the cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See Note under Ear. -- Organ pipe. See Pipe, n., 1. -- Organ-pipe coral. (Zoöl.) See Tubipora. -- Organ point (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move.
Or"gan, v. t. To supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to organize. [Obs.]
Thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions.
Bp. Mannyngham.
{ Or"gan*die, Or"gan*dy } (?), n. [F. organdi.] A kind of transparent light muslin.
Or*gan"ic (?), a. [L. organicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. organique.] 1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic remains. Cf. Inorganic.
2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]
3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to a certain destined function or end. [R.]
Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and write perspicuously.
Milton.
4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but organic.
5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with vital processes, and include many substances of artificial production which may or may not occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with inorganic.
The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are identical; but the enormous number and the completeness of related series of organic compounds, together with their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution, offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry.
Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent, and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide; -- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from proximate analysis. -- Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under Carbon. -- Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of a curve on a plane by means of instruments. Brande & C. -- Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to functional disease. -- Organic electricity. See under Electricity. -- Organic law or laws, a law or system of laws, or declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and organization of a political or other association; a constitution. -- Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the natural passages of the body produced by structural changes in its walls, as distinguished from a spasmodic stricture, which is due to muscular contraction.
Or*gan"ic*al (?), a. Organic.
The organical structure of human bodies, whereby they live and move.
Bentley.
Or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. In an organic manner; by means of organs or with reference to organic functions; hence, fundamentally. Gladstone.
Or*gan"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being organic.
Or*gan"i*cism (?), n. (Med.) The doctrine of the localization of disease, or which refers it always to a material lesion of an organ. Dunglison.
Or`gan*if"ic (?), a. [Organ + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See fy.] Making an organic or organized structure; producing an organism; acting through, or resulting from, organs. Prof. Park.
Or"gan*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. organisme.]
1. Organic structure; organization. "The advantageous organism of the eye." Grew.
2. (Biol.) An organized being; a living body, either vegetable or animal, compozed of different organs or parts with functions which are separate, but mutually dependent, and essential to the life of the individual.
Some of the lower forms of life are so simple in structure as to be without organs, but are still called organisms, since they have different parts analogous in functions to the organs of higher plants and animals.
Or"gan*ist, n. [Cf. F. organiste.] 1. (Mus.) One who plays on the organ.
2. (R. C. Ch.) One of the priests who organized or sung in parts. [Obs.]
||Or`ga*nis"ta (?), n. [Sp., an organis.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several ||South American wrens, noted for the sweetness of their song.
Or*gan"i*ty (?), n. Organism. [R.]
Or`gan*i`za*bil"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being organizable; capability of being organized.
Or"gan*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being organized; esp. (Biol.), capable of being formed into living tissue; as, organizable matter.
Or`gan*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. organisation.]
1. The act of organizing; the act of arranging in a systematic way for use or action; as, the organization of an army, or of a deliberative body. "The first organization of the general government." Pickering.
2. The state of being organized; also, the relations included in such a state or condition.
What is organization but the connection of parts in and for a whole, so that each part is, at once, end and means?
Coleridge.
3. That which is organized; an organized existence; an organism; specif. (Biol.), an arrangement of parts for the performance of the functions necessary to life.
The cell may be regarded as the most simple, the most common, and the earliest form of organization.
McKendrick.
Or"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Organized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Organizing (?).] [Cf. F. organiser, Gr. &?;. See Organ.] 1. (Biol.) To furnish with organs; to give an organic structure to; to endow with capacity for the functions of life; as, an organized being; organized matter; -- in this sense used chiefly in the past participle.
These nobler faculties of the mind, matter organized could never produce.
Ray.
2. To arrange or constitute in parts, each having a special function, act, office, or relation; to systematize; to get into working order; -- applied to products of the human intellect, or to human institutions and undertakings, as a science, a government, an army, a war, etc.
This original and supreme will organizes the government.
Cranch.
3. (Mus.) To sing in parts; as, to organize an anthem. [R.] Busby.
Or"gan*i`zer (?), n. One who organizes.
Or"gan*ling (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large kind of sea fish; the orgeis.
Or"ga*no- (?). [See Organ.] A combining form denoting relation to, or connection with, an organ or organs.
Or*gan"o*gen (?), n. [Organo- + -gen.] (Chem.) A name given to any one of the four elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are especially characteristic ingredients of organic compounds; also, by extension, to other elements sometimes found in the same connection; as sulphur, phosphorus, etc.
Or`ga*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Organo- + genesis.]
1. (Biol.) The origin and development of organs in animals and plants.
2. (Biol.) The germ history of the organs and systems of organs, -- a branch of morphogeny. Haeckel.
Or`ga*no*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to organogenesis.
Or`ga*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Organogenesis.
{ Or`ga*no*graph"ic (?), Or`ga*no*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. organographique.] Of or pertaining to organography.
Or`ga*nog"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in organography.
Or`ga*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Organo- + -graphy: cf. F. organographie.] A description of the organs of animals or plants.
Or`ga*no*lep"tic (?), a. [F. organoleptique, fr. Gr. &?; an organ + &?; to lay hold of.] (Physiol.) Making an impression upon an organ; plastic; - - said of the effect or impression produced by any substance on the organs of touch, taste, or smell, and also on the organism as a whole.
Or`ga*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to organology.
Or`ga*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Organ + -logy: cf. F. organologie.] 1. The science of organs or of anything considered as an organic structure.
The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in relation to the ideas and feelings, might be called the organology of style.
De Quincey.
2. That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs of animals and plants. See Morphology.
Or`ga*no*me*tal"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Metalorganic.
{ ||Or"ga*non (?), ||Or"ga*num (?), } n. [NL. organon, L. organum. See Organ.] An organ or instrument; hence, a method by which philosophical or scientific investigation may be conducted; -- a term adopted from the Aristotelian writers by Lord Bacon, as the title ("Novum Organon") of part of his treatise on philosophical method. Sir. W. Hamilton.
Or`ga*non"y*my (?), n. [Organo- + Gr.&?;, for &?;, a name.] (Biol.) The designation or nomenclature of organs. B. G. Wilder.
Or`ga*noph"y*ly (?), n. [Organo- + Gr. &?; clan.] (Biol.) The tribal history of organs, -- a branch of morphophyly. Haeckel.
Or`ga*no*plas"tic (?), a. [Organo- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Having the property of producing the tissues or organs of animals and plants; as, the organoplastic cells.
Or`ga*nos"co*py (?), n. [Organo- + -scopy.] Phrenology. Fleming.
Or`ga*no*troph"ic (?), a. [Organo- + Gr. &?; to nourish.] (Biol.) Relating to the creation, organization, and nutrition of living organs or parts.
Or"gan*ule (?), n. [Dim. of organ.] (Anat.) One of the essential cells or elements of an organ. See Sense organule, under Sense. Huxley.
Or"ga*ny (?), n. [AS. Organe, from the Latin. See Origan.] (Bot.) See Origan.
Or"gan*zine (?), n. [F. organsin; cf. Sp. organsino, It. organzino.] A kind of double thrown silk of very fine texture, that is, silk twisted like a rope with different strands, so as to increase its strength.
Or"gasm (?), n. [F. orgasme; cf. Gr. &?; a kneading, softening, prob. confused with &?; to swell, espicially with lust; to feel an ardent desire.] (Physiol.) Eager or immoderate excitement or action; the state of turgescence of any organ; erethism; esp., the height of venereal excitement in sexual intercourse.
Or"geat (?), n. [F., fr. orge barley, L. hordeum.] A sirup in which, formerly, a decoction of barley entered, but which is now prepared with an emulsion of almonds, -- used to flavor beverages or edibles.
Or"ge*is (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Organling.
Or`gi*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Orgy.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, orgies. Elton.
Or"gies (?), n. pl.; sing. Orgy (&?;). [The singular is rarely used.] [F. orgie, orgies, L. orgia, pl., Gr. &?;; akin to &?; work. See Organ, and Work.]
1. A sacrifice accompanied by certain ceremonies in honor of some pagan deity; especially, the ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans in the worship of Dionysus, or Bacchus, which were characterized by wild and dissolute revelry.
As when, with crowned cups, unto the Elian god, Those priests high orgies held.
Drayton.
2. Drunken revelry; a carouse. B. Jonson. Tennyson.
Or"gil*lous (?), a. [OF. orguillous, F. orgueilleux, fr. OF. orgoil pride, F. orgueil.] Proud; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.
Orgue (?), n. [F., fr. L. organum organ, Gr. &?;. See Organ.] (Mil.) (a) Any one of a number of long, thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron, and suspended, each by a separate rope, over a gateway, to be let down in case of attack. (b) A piece of ordnance, consisting of a number of musket barrels arranged so that a match or train may connect with all their touchholes, and a discharge be secured almost or quite simultaneously.
Or"gu*lous (?), a. See Orgillous. [Obs.]
Or"gy (?), n.; pl. Orgies (&?;). A frantic revel; drunken revelry. See Orgies
||Or*gy"i*a (&?;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the length of the outstretched ||arms. So named because, when at rest, it stretches forward its fore ||legs like arms.] (Zoöl.). A genus of bombycid moths whose ||caterpillars (esp. those of Orgyia leucostigma) are often very ||injurious to fruit trees and shade trees. The female is wingless. ||Called also vaporer moth.
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Or"i*calche (?), n. [Obs.] See Orichalch.
Costly oricalche from strange Phœnice.
Spenser.
Or`i*chal"ce*ous (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, orichalch; having a color or luster like that of brass. Maunder.
Or"i*chalch (?), n. [L. orichalcum, Gr. &?;; 'o`ros, mountain + chalko`s brass: cf. F. orichalque.] A metallic substance, resembling gold in color, but inferior in value; a mixed metal of the ancients, resembling brass; -- called also aurichalcum, orichalcum, etc.
O"ri*el (?), n. [OF. oriol gallery, corridor, LL. oriolum portico, hall, prob. fr. L. aureolus gilded, applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See Oriole.] [Formerly written also oriol, oryal, oryall.]
1. A gallery for minstrels. [Obs.] W. Hamper.
2. A small apartment next a hall, where certain persons were accustomed to dine; a sort of recess. [Obs.] Cowell.
3. (Arch.) A bay window. See Bay window.
The beams that thro' the oriel shine Make prisms in every carven glass.
Tennyson.
There is no generally admitted difference between a bay window and an oriel. In the United States the latter name is often applied to bay windows which are small, and either polygonal or round; also, to such as are corbeled out from the wall instead of resting on the ground.
O"ri*en*cy (?), n. [See Orient.] Brightness or strength of color. [R.] E. Waterhouse.
O"ri*ent (?), a. [F., fr. L. oriens, -entis, p. pr. of oriri to rise. See Origin.] 1. Rising, as the sun.
Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun.
Milton.
2. Eastern; oriental. "The orient part." Hakluyt.
3. Bright; lustrous; superior; pure; perfect; pellucid; -- used of gems and also figuratively, because the most perfect jewels are found in the East. "Pearls round and orient." Jer. Taylor. "Orient gems." Wordsworth. "Orient liquor in a crystal glass." Milton.
O"ri*ent, n. 1. The part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning; the east.
[Morn] came furrowing all the orient into gold.
Tennyson.
2. The countries of Asia or the East. Chaucer.
Best built city throughout the Orient.
Sir T. Herbert.
3. A pearl of great luster. [R.] Carlyle.
O"ri*ent (?), v. t. [F. orienter. Cf. Orientate.]
1. To define the position of, in relation to the orient or east; hence, to ascertain the bearings of.
2. Fig.: To correct or set right by recurring to first principles; to arrange in order; to orientate.
O`ri*en"tal (?), a. [L. orientalis: cf. F. oriental.] Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries.
The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations.
Sir T. Browne.
O`ri*en"tal, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic.
2. pl. (Eccl.) Eastern Christians of the Greek rite.
O`ri*en"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. orientalisme.]
1. Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar to Oriental people.
2. Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history, literature, etc. London Quart. Rev.
O`ri*en"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. orientaliste.]
1. An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental.
2. One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; as, the Paris Congress of Orientalists. Sir J. Shore.
O`ri*en*tal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being oriental or eastern. Sir T. Browne.
O`ri*en"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orientalizing (?).] to render Oriental; to cause to conform to Oriental manners or conditions.
O"ri*en*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orientating.] [From Orient.]
1. To place or turn toward the east; to cause to assume an easterly direction, or to veer eastward.
2. To arrange in order; to dispose or place (a body) so as to show its relation to other bodies, or the relation of its parts among themselves.
A crystal is orientated when placed in its proper position so as to exhibit its symmetry.
E. S. Dana.
O"ri*en*tate, v. i. To move or turn toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east.
O`ri*en*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. orientation.]
1. The act or process of orientating; determination of the points of the compass, or the east point, in taking bearings.
2. The tendency of a revolving body, when suspended in a certain way, to bring the axis of rotation into parallelism with the earth's axis.
3. An aspect or fronting to the east; especially (Arch.), the placing of a church so that the chancel, containing the altar toward which the congregation fronts in worship, will be on the east end.
4. Fig.: A return to first principles; an orderly arrangement.
The task of orientation undertaken in this chapter.
L. F. Ward.
O"ri*ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being orient or bright; splendor. [Obs.] Fuller.
Or"i*fice (?), n. [F., from L. orificium; os, oris, a mouth + facere to make. See Oral, and Fact.] A mouth or aperture, as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening; as, the orifice of an artery or vein; the orifice of a wound. Shak.
Etna was bored through the top with a monstrous orifice.
Addison.
{ Or"i*flamb, Or"i*flamme } (?), n. [F. oriflamme, OF. oriflambe, LL. auriflamma; L. aurum gold + flamma flame; cf. L. flammula a little banner. So called because it was a flag of red silk, split into many points, and borne on a gilded lance.] 1. The ancient royal standard of France.
2. A standard or ensign, in battle. "A handkerchief like an oriflamb." Longfellow.
And be your oriflamme to-day the helmet of Navarre.
Macaulay.
{ Or"i*gan (?), ||O*rig"a*num (?), } n. [L. origanum, Gr. &?;, &?;, prob. fr. 'o`ros, mountain + &?; brightness, beauty. Cf. Organy.] (Bot.) A genus of aromatic labiate plants, including the sweet marjoram (O. Marjorana) and the wild marjoram (O. vulgare). Spenser.
Or"i*gen*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The opinions of Origen of Alexandria, who lived in the 3d century, one of the most learned of the Greek Fathers. Prominent in his teaching was the doctrine that all created beings, including Satan, will ultimately be saved.
Or"i*gen*ist, n. A follower of Origen of Alexandria.
Or"i*gin (?), n. [F. origine, L. origo, -iginis, fr. oriri to rise, become visible; akin to Gr. 'orny`nai to stir up, rouse, Skr. , and perh. to E. run.]
1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth.
This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry.
Burke.
2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion.
3. (Anat.) The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; -- in contradistinction to insertion.
Origin of coördinate axes (Math.), the point where the axes intersect. See Note under Ordinate.
Syn. -- Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause; root; foundation. -- Origin, Source. Origin denotes the rise or commencement of a thing; source presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream of influences. The origin of moral evil has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the source of most of the calamities of our race.
I think he would have set out just as he did, with the origin of ideas -- the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat of their signs.
Tooke.
Famous Greece, That source of art and cultivated thought Which they to Rome, and Romans hither, brought.
Waller.
O*rig"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being originated.
O*rig"i*nal (?), a. [F. original, L. originalis.]
1. Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first in order; primitive; primary; pristine; as, the original state of man; the original laws of a country; the original inventor of a process.
His form had yet not lost All her original brightness.
Milton.
2. Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; as, an original thought; an original process; the original text of Scripture.
3. Having the power to suggest new thoughts or combinations of thought; inventive; as, an original genius.
4. Before unused or unknown; new; as, a book full of original matter.
Original sin (Theol.), the first sin of Adam, as related to its consequences to his descendants of the human race; -- called also total depravity. See Calvinism.
O*rig"i*nal, n. [Cf. F. original.]
1. Origin; commencement; source.
It hath it original from much grief.
Shak.
And spangled heavens, a shining frame, Their great Original proclaim.
Addison.
2. That which precedes all others of its class; archetype; first copy; hence, an original work of art, manuscript, text, and the like, as distinguished from a copy, translation, etc.
The Scriptures may be now read in their own original.
Milton.
3. An original thinker or writer; an originator. [R.]
Men who are bad at copying, yet are good originals.
C. G. Leland.
4. A person of marked eccentricity. [Colloq.]
5. (Zoöl. & Bot.) The natural or wild species from which a domesticated or cultivated variety has been derived; as, the wolf is thought by some to be the original of the dog, the blackthorn the original of the plum.
O*rig"i*nal*ist, n. One who is original. [R.]
O*rig`i*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. originalité.] The quality or state of being original. Macaulay.
O*rig"i*nal*ly (?), adv. 1. In the original time, or in an original manner; primarily; from the beginning or origin; not by derivation, or imitation.
God is originally holy in himself.
Bp. Pearson.
2. At first; at the origin; at the time of formation or costruction; as, a book originally written by another hand. "Originally a half length [portrait]." Walpole.
O*rig"i*nal*ness (?), n. The quality of being original; originality. [R.] Johnson.
O*rig"i*nant (?), a. Originating; original. [R.]
An absolutely originant act of self will.
Prof. Shedd.
O*rig"i*na*ry (?), a. [L. originarius: cf. F. originaire.] 1. Causing existence; productive. [R.]
The production of animals, in the originary way, requires a certain degree of warmth.
Cheyne.
2. Primitive; primary; original. [R.]
The grand originary right of all rights.
Hickok.
O*rig"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Originated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Originating.] [From Origin.] To give an origin or beginning to; to cause to be; to bring into existence; to produce as new.
A decomposition of the whole civill and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new civil order.
Burke.
O*rig"i*nate, v. i. To take first existence; to have origin or beginning; to begin to exist or act; as, the scheme originated with the governor and council.
O*rig`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. originatio.]
1. The act or process of bringing or coming into existence; first production. "The origination of the universe." Keill.
What comes from spirit is a spontaneous origination.
Hickok.
2. Mode of production, or bringing into being.
This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies, after the common origination of all caterpillars.
Ray.
O*rig"i*na*tive (?), a. Having power, or tending, to originate, or bring into existence; originating. H. Bushnell. -- O*rig"i*na*tive*ly, adv.
O*rig"i*na`tor (?), n. One who originates.
O*ril"lon (?), n. [F., lit., a little ear, from oreille an ear, fr. L. oricula, auricula, dim. of auris an ear. See Ear.] (Fort.) A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, -- found in old fortresses.
O"ri*ol (?), n. See Oriel.
O"ri*ole (?), n. [OF. oriol, oriouz, orieus, F. loriot (for l'oriol), fr. L. aureolus golden, dim. of aureus golden, fr. aurum gold. Cf. Aureole, Oriel, Loriot.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolidæ. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. (b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icteridæ. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard.
Crested oriole. (Zoöl.) See Cassican.
O*ri"on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, orig., a celebrated hunter in the oldest Greek mythology, after whom this constellation was named.] (Astron.) A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye.
The flaming glories of Orion's belt.
E. Everett.
O*ris"ka*ny (?), a. [From Oriskany, in New York.] (Geol.) Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone, characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age.
Oriskany period, a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages. See Chart of Geology.
O*ris`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Of or pertaining to orismology.
O`ris*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a marking out by boundaries, the definition of a word + -logy. See Horizon.] That departament of natural history which treats of technical terms.
Or"i*son (?), n. [OF. orison, oreson, oreison, F. oraison, fr. L. oratio speech, prayer. See Oration.] A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak.
Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid.
Milton.
Or"i*sont (?), n. Horizon. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ork (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Orc.
Ork"ney*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Orkney islands. "Orkneyan skerries." Longfellow.
Orle (?), n. [F. orle an orle, a fillet, fr. LL. orla border, dim. of L. ora border, margin.]
1. (Her.) A bearing, in the form of a fillet, round the shield, within, but at some distance from, the border.
2. (Her.) The wreath, or chaplet, surmounting or encircling the helmet of a knight and bearing the crest.
In orle, round the escutcheon, leaving the middle of the field vacant, or occupied by something else; -- said of bearings arranged on the shield in the form of an orle.
Or"le*ans (?), n. [So called from the city of Orléans, in France.] 1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel.
2. A variety of the plum. See under Plum. [Eng.]
||Or"lo (?), n. [Sp.] (Mus.) A wind instrument of music in use among ||the Spaniards.
Or"lop (?), n. [D. overloop the upper deck, lit., a running over or overflowing, fr. overloopen to run over. See Over, and Leap, and cf. Overloop.] (Naut.) The lowest deck of a vessel, esp. of a ship of war, consisting of a platform laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables are coiled.
Or"mer (?), n. (Zoöl.) An abalone.
<! p. 1013 !>
Or`mo*lu" (?), n. [F. or moulu; or gold (L. aurum) + moulu, p. p. of moudre to grind, to mill, L. molere. See Aureate, and Mill.] A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold.
Ormolu varnish, a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold.
||Or"muzd (?), n. [Zend Ahuramazda.] The good principle, or being, of ||the ancient Persian religion. See Ahriman.
Orn (?), v. t. To ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] Joye.
Or"na*ment (?), n. [OE. ornement, F. ornement, fr. L. ornamentum, fr. ornare to adorn.] That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment.
The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit.
1 Pet. iii. 4.
Like that long-buried body of the king Found lying with his urns and ornaments.
Tennyson.
Or"na*ment (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ornamented; p. pr. & vb. n. Ornamenting.] To adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; as, to ornament a room, or a city.
Syn. -- See Adorn.
Or`na*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. ornemental.] Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying; embellishing.
Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others, about their ankles.
Sir T. Browne.
Or`na*men"tal*ly, adv. By way of ornament.
Or`na*men*ta"tion (?), n. 1. The act or art of ornamenting, or the state of being ornamented.
2. That which ornaments; ornament. C. Kingsley.
Or"na*ment*er (?), n. One who ornaments; a decorator.
Or*nate" (?), a. [L. ornatus, p. p. of ornare to adorn.] 1. Adorned; decorated; beautiful. "So bedecked, ornate, and gay." Milton.
2. Finely finished, as a style of composition.
A graceful and ornate rhetoric.
Milton.
Or*nate", v. t. To adorn; to honor. [R.]
They may ornate and sanctify the name of God.
Latimer.
Or*nate"ly, adv. In an ornate manner. Sir T. More.
Or*nate"ness, n. The quality of being ornate.
Or"na*ture (?), n. [L. ornatura.] Decoration; ornamentation. [R.] Holinshed.
Or*nith"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a bird.] Of or pertaining to birds; as, ornithic fossils. Owen.
Or`nith*ich"nite (?), n. [Ornitho- + Gr. &?; track.] (Paleon.) The footmark of a bird occurring in strata of stone. Hitchcock.
Or`nith*ich*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Ornitho- + ichnology.] (Paleon.) The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites. Hitchcock.
Ornitho-. [Cf. Ern.] A combining form fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a bird.
||Or*ni`tho*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; the womb.] ||Same as Monotremata. - - Or`ni*tho*del"phid (#), a.
Or`ni*thoid*ich"nite (?), n. [Ornitho- + -oid + Gr. &?; footstep, track.] (Paleon.) A fossil track resembling that of a bird. Hitchcock.
Or*nith"o*lite (?), n. [Ornitho- + -lite.] (Paleon.) (a) The fossil remains of a bird. (b) A stone of various colors bearing the figures of birds.
{ Or`ni*tho*log"ic (?), Or`ni*tho*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. ornithologique.] Of or pertaining to ornithology.
Or`ni*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. ornithologiste.] One skilled in ornithology; a student of ornithology; one who describes birds.
Or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Ornitho- + -logy: cf. F. ornithologie.] 1. That branch of zoölogy which treats of the natural history of birds and their classification.
2. A treatise or book on this science.
Or*nith"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a bird + &?; divination: cf. F. ornithomancie.] Divination by means of birds, their flight, etc.
Ornithomancy grew into an elaborate science.
De Quincey.
||Or*ni"thon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a bird.] An ||aviary; a poultry house. Weale.
||Or*ni`tho*pap"pi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a bird + &?; an ||ancestor.] (Zoöl.) An extinct order of birds. It includes only the ||Archæopteryx.
||Or`ni*thop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ornitho-, and -poda.] (Paleon.) ||An order of herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike characteristics in ||the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind legs, which in some genera ||had only three functional toes, and supported the body in walking as ||in Iguanodon. See Illust. in Appendix.
||Or`ni*tho*rhyn"chus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a bird + &?; ||snout, beak.] (Zoöl.) See Duck mole, under Duck.
||Or*ni`tho*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ornitho-, and Sauria.] ||(Paleon.) An order of extinct flying reptiles; -- called also ||Pterosauria.
||Or*ni`tho*scel"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a bird + &?; ||a leg.] (Zoöl.) A group of extinct Reptilia, intermediate in ||structure (especially with regard to the pelvis) between reptiles and ||birds. -- Or`ni*tho*scel"i*dan (#), a.
Or`ni*thos"co*py (?), n. [Ornitho- + -scopy: cf. Gr. &?; divination from birds.] Observation of birds and their habits. [R.] De Quincey.
Or`ni*tho*tom"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ornithotomy.
Or`ni*thot"o*mist (?), n. One who is skilled in ornithotomy.
Or`ni*thot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a bird + &?; to cut.] The anatomy or dissection of birds.
{ Or`o*graph"ic (?), Or`o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to orography.
O*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. 'o`ros, a mountain + -graphy.] That branch of science which treats of mountains and mountain systems; orology; as, the orography of Western Europe.
||Or`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'o`ros, mountain (referring to the ||Rocky Mountain region) + "i`ppos horse.] (Paleon.) A genus of ||American Eocene mammals allied to the horse, but having four toes in ||front and three behind.
O"roide (?), n. [F. or gold (L. aurum) + Gr. &?; form.] An alloy, chiefly of copper and zinc or tin, resembling gold in color and brilliancy. [Written also oreide.]
Or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. orologique.] Of or pertaining to orology.
O*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in orology.
O*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; mountain + -logy: cf. F. orologie.] The science or description of mountains.
O"ro*tund` (?), a. [L. os, oris, the mouth + rotundus round, smooth.] Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness; ringing and musical; -- said of the voice or manner of utterance. -- n. The orotund voice or utterance Rush.
O`ro*tun"di*ty (?), n. The orotund mode of intonation.
Or"pha*line (?), n. See Orpheline. [Obs.]
Or"phan (?), n. [L. orphanus, Gr. &?;, akin to L. orbus. Cf. Orb a blank window.] A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a child who has but one parent living.
Orphans' court (Law), a court in some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates and persons of orphans or other wards. Bouvier.
Or"phan, a. Bereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent.
Or"phan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orphaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Orphaning.] To cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents. Young.
Or"phan*age (?), n. 1. The state of being an orphan; orphanhood; orphans, collectively.
2. An institution or asylum for the care of orphans.
Or"phan*cy (?), n. Orphanhood. Sir P. Sidney.
Or"phan*et (?), n. A little orphan. Drayton.
Or"phan*hood (?), n. The state or condition of being an orphan; orphanage.
Or"phan*ism (?), n. Orphanhood. [R.]
Or`phan*ot"ro*phism (?), n. The care and support of orphans. [R.] Cotton Mather (1711).
Or`phan*ot"ro*phy (?), n. [L. orphanotrophium, Gr. &?;; &?; an orphan + &?; to feed, bring up.]
1. A hospital for orphans. [R.] A. Chalmers.
2. The act of supporting orphans. [R.]
Or*pha"ri*on (?), n. (Mus.) An old instrument of the lute or cittern kind. [Spelt also orpheoreon.]
Or*phe"an (?), a. [L. Orph&?;us, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to Orpheus, the mythic poet and musician; as, Orphean strains. Cowper.
Or"phe*line (?), n. [F. orphelin. See Orphan.] An orphan. [Obs.] Udcll.
Or"phe*us (?), n. [L. Orpheus, Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Myth.) The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.
Or"phic (?), a. [L. Orphicus, Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.
Or"phrey (?), n. [See Orfrays.] A band of rich embroidery, wholly or in part of gold, affixed to vestments, especially those of ecclesiastics. Pugin.
Or"pi*ment (?), n. [F., fr. L. auripigmentum; aurum gold + pigmentum pigment. Cf. Aureate, Pigment, Orpin, Orpine.] (Chem.) Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline mineral; -- formerly called auripigment. It is used in king's yellow, in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo printing.
Our orpiment and sublimed mercurie.
Chaucer.
Red orpiment, realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic. -- Yellow orpiment, king's yellow.
Or"pin, n. [F., orpiment, also, the plant orpine. See Orpiment.] 1. A yellow pigment of various degrees of intensity, approaching also to red.
2. (Bot.) The orpine.
Or"pine (?), n. [F. orpin the genus of plants which includes orpine; -- so called from the yellow blossoms of a common species (Sedum acre). See Orpiment.] (Bot.) A low plant with fleshy leaves (Sedum telephium), having clusters of purple flowers. It is found on dry, sandy places, and on old walls, in England, and has become naturalized in America. Called also stonecrop, and live-forever. [Written also orpin.]
Or"rach (?), n. See Orach.
Or"re*ry (?), n.; pl. Orreries (#). [So named in honor of the Earl of Orrery.] An apparatus which illustrates, by the revolution of balls moved by wheelwork, the relative size, periodic motions, positions, orbits, etc., of bodies in the solar system.
Or"ris (?), n. [Prob. corrupted from It. ireos iris. See Iris.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Iris (I. Florentina); a kind of flower-de- luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets.
Orris pea (Med.), an issue pea made from orris root. -- Orris root, the fragrant rootstock of the orris.
Or"ris (?), n. 1. [Contr. from orfrays, or from arras.] A sort of gold or silver lace. Johnson.
2. A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked; especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them.
{ Orse"dew (?), Or"se*due (?), } n. Leaf metal of bronze; Dutch metal. See under Dutch.
||Or`seille" (?), n. [F.] See Archil.
Or*sel"lic (?), a. [From F. orseille archil. See Archil.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in certain lichens, and called also lecanoric acid. [Formerly written also orseillic.]
Or`sel*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by a partial decomposition of orsellic acid as a white crystalline substance, and related to protocatechuic acid.
Ort (?), n.; pl. Orts (#). [Akin to LG. ort, ortels, remnants of food, refuse, OFries. ort, OD. oorete, ooraete; prob. from the same prefix as in E. ordeal + a word akin to eat.] A morsel left at a meal; a fragment; refuse; -- commonly used in the plural. Milton.
Let him have time a beggar's orts to crave.
Shak.
Or`ta*lid"i*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous small two-winged flies of the family Ortalidæ. The larvæ of many of these flies live in fruit; those of others produce galls on various plants.
Or"thid (?), n. (Zoöl.) A brachiopod shell of the genus Orthis, and allied genera, of the family Orthidæ.
||Or"this (ôr"ths), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'orqo`s straight.] (Zoöl.) An ||extinct genus of Brachiopoda, abundant in the Paleozoic rocks.
Or"thite (?), n. [Gr. &?; straight.] (Min.) A variety of allanite occurring in slender prismatic crystals.
Or"tho- (?). [Gr. &?; straight; akin to Skr. &?;rdhva upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.]
1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright, correct, regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic.
2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating: (a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal. (b) (Organic Chem.) Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; -- contrasted with meta- or para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound.
In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as, orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as, hydroquinone or paraxylene.
Or`tho*car*bon"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Designating a complex ether, C.(OC2H5)4, which is obtained as a liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid, C.(OH)4.
Or`tho*cen"ter (?), n. [Ortho- + center.] (Geom.) That point in which the three perpendiculars let fall from the angles of a triangle upon the opposite sides, or the sides produced, mutually intersect.
||Or*thoc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'orqo`s straight + &?; a horn.] ||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of Paleozoic Cephalopoda, having a long, ||straight, conical shell. The interior is divided into numerous ||chambers by transverse septa.
Or`tho*cer"a*tite (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a horn.] (Zoöl.) An orthoceras; also, any fossil shell allied to Orthoceras.
Or"tho*clase (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; to break.] (Min.) Common or potash feldspar crystallizing in the monoclinic system and having two cleavages at right angles to each other. See Feldspar.
Or`tho*clas"tic (?), a. (Crystallog.) Breaking in directions at right angles to each other; -- said of the monoclinic feldspars.
Or`tho*di*ag"o*nal (?), n. [Ortho- + diagonal.] (Crystallog.) The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is at right angles with the vertical axis.
Or"tho*dome (?), n. [Ortho- + dome.] (Crystallog.) See the Note under Dome, 4.
Or"tho*dox (?), a. [L. orthodoxus, Gr. 'orqo`doxos; 'orqo`s right, true + do`xa opinion, dokei^n to think, seem; cf. F. orthodoxe. See Ortho-, Dogma.] 1. Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine; hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in the Scriptures; -- opposed to heretical and heterodox; as, an orthodox Christian.
2. According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; as, an orthodox opinion, book, etc.
3. Approved; conventional.
He saluted me on both cheeks in the orthodox manner.
H. R. Haweis.
The term orthodox differs in its use among the various Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy Orthodox Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States the term orthodox is frequently used with reference to divergent views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from the Unitarian, as Orthodox. The name is also applied to the conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in the Society of Friends. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
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Or"tho*dox`al (?), a. Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox. [R.] Milton.
Or`tho*dox*al"i*ty (?), n. Orthodoxness. [R.]
Or"tho*dox`al*ly (?), adv. Orthodoxly. [R.] Milton
Or`tho*dox*as"tic*al (?), a. Orthodox. [Obs.]
Or`tho*dox"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox.
Or"tho*dox`ly (?), adv. In an orthodox manner; with soundness of faith. Sir W. Hamilton.
Or"tho*dox`ness, n. The quality or state of being orthodox; orthodoxy. Waterland.
Or"tho*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. orthodoxie. See Orthodox.] 1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; -- opposed to heterodoxy or to heresy.
Basil himself bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy.
Waterland.
2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines; -- said of moral doctrines and beliefs; as, the orthodoxy of a creed.
3. By extension, said of any correct doctrine or belief.
Or`tho*drom"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; to run.] Of or pertaining to orthodromy.
Or`tho*drom"ics (?), n. The art of sailing in a direct course, or on the arc of a great circle, which is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the globe; great-circle sailing; orthodromy.
Or"tho*drom`y (?), n. [Cf. F. orthodromie.] The act or art of sailing on a great circle.
{ Or`tho*ëp"ic (?), Or`tho*ëp"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to orthoëpy, or correct pronunciation. -- Or`tho*ëp"ic*al*ly, adv.
Or"tho*ë*pist (?), n. One who is skilled in orthoëpy.
Or"tho*ë*py (?), n. [Gr. &?;; 'orqo`s right + &?; a word: cf. F. orthoépie. See Ortho-, and Epic.] The art of uttering words correctly; a correct pronunciation of words; also, mode of pronunciation.
Or*thog"a*my (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; marriage.] (Bot.) Direct fertilization in plants, as when the pollen fertilizing the ovules comes from the stamens of the same blossom; -- opposed to heterogamy.
Or`thog*nath"ic (?), a. Orthognathous.
Or*thog"na*thism (?), n. (Anat.) The quality or state of being orthognathous. Huxley.
Or*thog"na*thous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; the jaw.] (Anat.) Having the front of the head, or the skull, nearly perpendicular, not retreating backwards above the jaws; -- opposed to prognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.
Or"tho*gon (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; angle: cf. F. orthogone, a.] (Geom.) A rectangular figure.
Or*thog"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. orthogonal.] Right-angled; rectangular; as, an orthogonal intersection of one curve with another.
Orthogonal projection. See under Orthographic.
Or*thog"o*nal*ly, adv. Perpendicularly; at right angles; as, a curve cuts a set of curves orthogonally.
Or*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in orthography; one who spells words correctly.
{ Or`tho*graph"ic (?), Or`tho*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. orthographique, L. orthographus, Gr. &?;.]
1. Of or pertaining to orthography, or right spelling; also, correct in spelling; as, orthographical rules; the letter was orthographic.
2. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to right lines or angles.
Orthographic or Orthogonal, projection, that projection which is made by drawing lines, from every point to be projected, perpendicular to the plane of projection. Such a projection of the sphere represents its circles as seen in perspective by an eye supposed to be placed at an infinite distance, the plane of projection passing through the center of the sphere perpendicularly to the line of sight.
Or`tho*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In an orthographical manner: (a) according to the rules of proper spelling; (b) according to orthographic projection.
Or*thog"ra*phist (?), n. One who spells words correctly; an orthographer.
Or*thog"ra*phize (?), v. t. To spell correctly or according to usage; to correct in regard to spelling.
In the coalesced into ith, which modern reaction has orthographized to i' th'.
Earle.
Or*thog"ra*phy (?), n. [OE. ortographie, OF. orthographie, L. orthographia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; writing correctly; 'orqo`s right + gra`fein to write. See Ortho-, and Graphic.]
1. The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.
When spelling no longer follows the pronunciation, but is hardened into orthography.
Earle.
2. The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.
3. A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.
Or*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; 'orqo`s right + &?; speech, description: cf. F. orthologie.] The right description of things. [R.] Fotherby.
Or`tho*met"ric (?), a. [See Orthometry.] (Crystallog.) Having the axes at right angles to one another; -- said of crystals or crystalline forms.
Or*thom"e*try (?), n. [Ortho- + -metry.] The art or practice of constructing verses correctly; the laws of correct versification.
Or`tho*mor"phic (?), a. [Ortho- + morphic.] (Geom.) Having the right form.
Orthomorphic projection, a projection in which the angles in the figure to be projected are equal to the corresponding angles in the projected figure.
{ Or`tho*ped"ic (?), Or`tho*ped"ic*al (?), } a. (Med.) Pertaining to, or employed in, orthopedy; relating to the prevention or cure of deformities of children, or, in general, of the human body at any age; as, orthopedic surgery; an orthopedic hospital.
Or*thop"e*dist (?), n. (Med.) One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in children.
Or*thop"e*dy (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a child.] (Med.) The art or practice of curing the deformities of children, or, by extension, any deformities of the human body.
Or*thoph"o*ny (?), n. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; voice.] The art of correct articulation; voice training.
Or`tho*pin"a*coid (?), n. [Ortho- + pinacoid.] (Crystallog.) A name given to the two planes in the monoclinic system which are parallel to the vertical and orthodiagonal axes.
{ ||Or`thop*nœ"a (?), Or*thop"ny (?), } n. [L. orthopnoea, Gr. &?;; 'orqo`sstraight, right + pnei^n to breathe: cf. F. orthopnée.] (Med.) Specifically, a morbid condition in which respiration can be performed only in an erect posture; by extension, any difficulty of breathing.
||Or*thop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ortho-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.) An ||extinct order of reptiles which stood erect on the hind legs, and ||resembled birds in the structure of the feet, pelvis, and other ||parts.
Or"tho*prax`y (?), n. [Gr. 'orqo`s straight + &?; a doing.] (Med.) The treatment of deformities in the human body by mechanical appliances.
||Or*thop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'orqo`s straight + &?; ||feather, wing.] (Zoöl.) An order of mandibulate insects including ||grasshoppers, locusts, cockroaches, etc. See Illust. under Insect.
The anterior wings are usually thickened and protect the posterior wings, which are larger and fold longitudinally like a fan. The Orthoptera undergo no metamorphosis.
Or*thop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Orthoptera.
Or*thop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Orthoptera.
Or`tho*rhom"bic (?), a. [Ortho- + rhombic.] (Crystallog.) Noting the system of crystallization which has three unequal axes at right angles to each other; trimetric. See Crystallization.
Or"tho*scope (?), n. [Ortho- + -scope.] (Physyol.) An instrument designed to show the condition of the superficial portions of the eye.
Or`tho*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Giving an image in correct or normal proportions; giving a flat field of view; as, an orthoscopic eyepiece.
Or`tho*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + silicic.] (Chem.) Designating the form of silicic acid having the normal or highest number of hydroxyl groups.
Or`tho*sper"mous (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; seed.] (Bot.) Having the seeds straight, as in the fruits of some umbelliferous plants; -- opposed to cœlospermous. Darwin.
Or"tho*stade (?), n. [Gr. &?;; 'orqo`s straight + &?; to place.] (Anc. Costume) A chiton, or loose, ungirded tunic, falling in straight folds.
Or*thos"ti*chy (?), n.; pl. Orthostichies (#). [Ortho- + Gr. &?; row.] (Bot.) A longitudinal rank, or row, of leaves along a stem.
Or`tho*tom"ic (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; to cleave.] (Geom.) Cutting at right angles.
Orthotomic circle (Geom.), that circle which cuts three given circles at right angles.
Or*thot"o*mous (?), a. (Crystallog.) Having two cleavages at right angles with one another.
Or*thot"o*my (?), n. (Geom.) The property of cutting at right angles.
Or"tho*tone (?), a. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; tone, accent.] (Gr. Gram.) Retaining the accent; not enclitic; -- said of certain indefinite pronouns and adverbs when used interrogatively, which, when not so used, are ordinarilly enclitic.
{ Or*thot"ro*pal (?), Or*thot"ro*pous (?), } a. [Ortho- + Gr. &?; to turn: cf. F. orthotrope.] (Bot.) Having the axis of an ovule or seed straight from the hilum and chalaza to the orifice or the micropyle; atropous.
This word has also been used (but improperly) to describe any embryo whose radicle points towards, or is next to, the hilum.
Or`tho*trop"ic (?), a. [See Orthotropal.] (Bot.) Having the longer axis vertical; -- said of erect stems. Encyc. Brit.
Or`tho*xy"lene (?), n. [Ortho- + xylene.] (Chem.) That variety of xylene in which the two methyl groups are in the ortho position; a colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon resembling benzene.
Or"tive (?), a. [L. ortivus, fr. oriri, ortus, to rise: cf. F. ortive.] Of or relating to the time or act of rising; eastern; as, the ortive amplitude of a planet.
Or"to*lan (?), n. [F., fr. It. ortolano ortolan, gardener, fr. L. hortulanus gardener, fr. hortulus, dim. of hortus garden. So called because it frequents the hedges of gardens. See Yard an inclosure, and cf. Hortulan.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European singing bird (Emberiza hortulana), about the size of the lark, with black wings. It is esteemed delicious food when fattened. Called also bunting. (b) In England, the wheatear (Saxicola œnanthe). (c) In America, the sora, or Carolina rail (Porzana Carolina). See Sora.
Or"ty*gan (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a quail.] (Zoöl.) One of several species of East Indian birds of the genera Ortygis and Hemipodius. They resemble quails, but lack the hind toe. See Turnix.
Or"val (?), n. [F. orvale.] (Bot.) A kind of sage (Salvia Horminum).
||Or`vet" (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) The blindworm.
Or`vi*e"tan (?), n. [F. orviétan: cf. It. orvietano. So called because invented at Orvieto, in Italy.] A kind of antidote for poisons; a counter poison formerly in vogue. [Obs.]
-o*ry (?). [L. -orius: cf. F. -oire.] 1. An adjective suffix meaning of or pertaining to, serving for; as in auditory, pertaining to or serving for hearing; prohibitory, amendatory, etc.
2. [L. -orium: cf. F. -oire.] A noun suffix denoting that which pertains to, or serves for; as in ambulatory, that which serves for walking; consistory, factory, etc.
{ O"ry*al (?), O"ry*all (?) }, n. See Oriel.
Or"yc*tere (?), n. [Gr. &?; digger: cf. F. oryctère.] (Zoöl.) The aard- vark.
O*ryc"ter*ope (?), n. [Gr. &?; digger + &?; foot.] (Zoöl.) Same as Oryctere.
Or`yc*tog"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. &?; dug (&?; to dig) + &?; knowledge.] Mineralogy. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic (#), a. -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al (#), a. [Obs.] -- Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al*ly (#), adv. [Obs.]
Or`yc*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; dug + -graphy.] Description of fossils. [Obs.]
Or`yc*to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. oryctologique.] Of or pertaining to oryctology. [Obs.]
Or`yc*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in oryctology. [Obs.]
Or`yc*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; dug + -logy: cf. F. oryctologie.] 1. An old name for paleontology.
2. An old name for mineralogy and geology.
O"ryx (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a kind of gazelle or antelope.] (Zoöl.) A genus of African antelopes which includes the gemsbok, the leucoryx, the bisa antelope (O. beisa), and the beatrix antelope (O. beatrix) of Arabia.
||O*ry"za (?), n. [L., rice, Gr. &?; See Rice.] (Bot.) A genus of ||grasses including the rice plant; rice.
||Os (?), n.; pl. Ossa (#). [L.] A bone.
||Os, n.; pl. Ora (#). [L.] A mouth; an opening; an entrance.
Os (?), n.; pl. Osar (#). [Sw. ås ridge, chain of hills, pl. åsar.] (Geol.) One of the ridges of sand or gravel found in Sweden, etc., supposed by some to be of marine origin, but probably formed by subglacial waters. The osar are similar to the kames of Scotland and the eschars of Ireland. See Eschar.
O"sage or"ange (?). (Bot.) An ornamental tree of the genus Maclura (M. aurantiaca), closely allied to the mulberry (Morus); also, its fruit. The tree was first found in the country of the Osage Indians, and bears a hard and inedible fruit of an orangelike appearance. See Bois d'arc.
O*sa"ges (?), n. pl.; sing. Osage (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of southern Sioux Indians, now living in the Indian Territory.
O*san"ne (?), n. Hosanna. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O"sar (?), n. pl. (Geol.) See 3d Os.
Os"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Osci, a primitive people of Campania, a province of ancient Italy. -- n. The language of the Osci.
Os"cil*lan*cy (?), n. The state of oscillating; a seesaw kind of motion. [R.]
||Os`cil*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. oscillare to swing.] (Bot.) A ||genus of dark green, or purplish black, filamentous, fresh-water ||algæ, the threads of which have an automatic swaying or crawling ||motion. Called also Oscillatoria.
Os"cil*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oscillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oscillating (?).] [L. oscillare to swing, fr. oscillum a swing, a little mask or puppet made to be hung from trees and swing in the wind, prob. orig., a little mouth, a dim. from os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Osculate.]
1. To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to swing; to sway.
2. To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth.
The amount of superior families oscillates rather than changes, that is, it fluctuates within fixed limits.
Dc Quincey.
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Os"cil*la`ting (?), a. That oscillates; vibrating; swinging.
Oscillating engine, a steam engine whose cylinder oscillates on trunnions instead of being permanently fixed in a perpendicular or other direction. Weale.
Os`cil*la"tion (?), n. [L. oscillatio a swinging.]
1. The act of oscillating; a swinging or moving backward and forward, like a pendulum; vibration.
2. Fluctuation; variation; change back and forth.
His mind oscillated, undoubtedly; but the extreme points of the oscillation were not very remote.
Macaulay.
Axis of oscillation, Center of oscillation. See under Axis, and Center.
Os"cil*la*tive (?), a. Tending to oscillate; vibratory. [R.] I. Taylor.
||Os`cil*la*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Oscillatory.] (Bot.) Same as ||Oscillaria.
Os"cil*la*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. oscillatoire. See Oscillate.] Moving, or characterized by motion, backward and forward like a pendulum; swinging; oscillating; vibratory; as, oscillatory motion.
Os"cine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Relating to the Oscines.
||Os"ci*nes (?), n. pl. [L. oscen, -inis.] (Zoöl.) Singing birds; a ||group of the Passeres, having numerous syringeal muscles, conferring ||musical ability.
Os*cin"i*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Oscines, or singing birds.
Os*cin"i*an, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of dipterous files of the family Oscinidæ.
Some, whose larvæ live in the stalks, are very destructive to barley, wheat, and rye; others, as the barley fly (Oscinis frit), destroy the heads of grain.
Os"ci*nine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Oscines.
Os"ci*tan*cy (?), n. [See Oscitant.]
1. The act of gaping or yawning.
2. Drowsiness; dullness; sluggishness. Hallam.
It might proceed from the oscitancy of transcribers.
Addison.
Os"ci*tant (?), a. [L. oscitans, -antis, p. pr. of oscitare: cf. F. oscitant.] 1. Yawning; gaping.
2. Sleepy; drowsy; dull; sluggish; careless.
He must not be oscitant, but intent on his charge.
Barrow.
Os"ci*tant*ly, adv. In an oscitant manner.
Os"ci*tate (?), v. i. [L. oscitare; os the mouth + citare, v. intens. fr. ciere to move.] To gape; to yawn.
Os`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. oscitatio: cf. F. oscitation.] The act of yawning or gaping. Addison.
Os"cu*lant (?), a. [L. osculans, -antis, p. pr. of osculari to kiss. See Osculate.]
1. Kissing; hence, meeting; clinging.
2. (Zoöl.) Adhering closely; embracing; -- applied to certain creeping animals, as caterpillars.
3. (Biol.) Intermediate in character, or on the border, between two genera, groups, families, etc., of animals or plants, and partaking somewhat of the characters of each, thus forming a connecting link; interosculant; as, the genera by which two families approximate are called osculant genera.
Os"cu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Osculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Osculating.] [L. osculatus, p. p. of osculari to kiss, fr. osculum a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Oscillate.]
1. To kiss.
2. (Geom.) To touch closely, so as to have a common curvature at the point of contact. See Osculation, 2.
Os"cu*late, v. i. 1. To kiss one another; to kiss.
2. (Geom.) To touch closely. See Osculation, 2.
3. (Biol.) To have characters in common with two genera or families, so as to form a connecting link between them; to interosculate. See Osculant.
Os`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L. osculatio a kissing: cf. F. osculation.] 1. The act of kissing; a kiss.
2. (Geom.) The contact of one curve with another, when the number of consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes suffices for the complete determination of the former curve. Brande & C.
Os"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to kissing; kissing. "The osculatory ceremony." Thackeray.
2. (Geom.) Pertaining to, or having the properties of, an osculatrix; capable of osculation; as, a circle may be osculatory with a curve, at a given point.
Osculatory circle. (Geom.) See Osculating circle of a curve, under Circle. -- Osculatory plane (to a curve of double curvature), a plane which passes through three successive points of the curve. -- Osculatory sphere (to a line of double curvature), a sphere passing through four consecutive points of the curve.
Os"cu*la*to*ry, n. [LL. osculatorium. See Osculate.] (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pax, 2.
Os`cu*la"trix (?), n.; pl. Osculatrixes (#). [NL.] (Geom.) A curve whose contact with a given curve, at a given point, is of a higher order (or involves the equality of a greater number of successive differential coefficients of the ordinates of the curves taken at that point) than that of any other curve of the same kind.
Os"cule (?), n. [Cf. F. oscule. See Osculum.] (Zoöl.) One of the excurrent apertures of sponges.
||Os"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Oscula (#). [L., a little mouth.] (Zoöl.) Same ||as Oscule.
-ose (?). [L. -osus: cf. F. -ose. Cf. - ous.]
1. A suffix denoting full of, containing, having the qualities of, like; as in verbose, full of words; pilose, hairy; globose, like a globe.
2. (Chem.) A suffix indicating that the substance to the name of which it is affixed is a member of the carbohydrate group; as in cellulose, sucrose, dextrose, etc.
O"sier (?), n. [F. osier: cf. Prov. F. oisis, Armor. ozil, aozil, Gr. &?;, &?;, &?;, L. vitex, and E. withy.] (Bot.) (a) A kind of willow (Salix viminalis) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow. (b) One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other similar plants.
The rank of osiers by the murmuring stream.
Shak.
Osier bed, or Osier holt, a place where willows are grown for basket making. [Eng.] -- Red osier. (a) A kind of willow with reddish twigs (Salix rubra). (b) An American shrub (Cornus stolonifera) which has slender red branches; -- also called osier cornel.
O"sier, a. Made of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers. "This osier cage of ours." Shak.
O"siered (?), a. Covered or adorned with osiers; as, osiered banks. [Poetic] Collins.
O"sier*y (?), n. An osier bed.
O*si"ris (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; of Egyptian origin.] (Myth.) One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the brother and husband of Isis. He was figured as a mummy wearing the royal cap of Upper Egypt, and was symbolized by the sacred bull, called Apis. Cf. Serapis. -- O*sir"i*an (#), a.
Os"man*li (?), n.; pl. Osmanlis (#). [So called from Osman. See Ottoman.] A Turkish official; one of the dominant tribe of Turks; loosely, any Turk.
Os"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmic acid. [Formerly written also osmiate.]
||Os`ma*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Osmateria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; smell.] ||(Zoöl.) One of a pair of scent organs which the larvæ of certain ||butterflies emit from the first body segment, either above or below.
Os"ma*zome (?), n. [Gr. &?; smell, odor + &?; broth: cf. F. osmazôme.] (Old Chem.) A substance formerly supposed to give to soup and broth their characteristic odor, and probably consisting of one or several of the class of nitrogenous substances which are called extractives.
Os`mi*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmiamic acid.
Os`mi*am"ic (?), a. [Osmium + amido.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid of osmium, H2N2Os2O5, forming a well-known series of yellow salts.
Os"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence higher than in other lower compounds; as, osmic oxide.
Osmic acid. (Chem.) (a) Osmic tetroxide. [Obs.] (b) Osmic acid proper, an acid analogous to sulphuric acid, not known in the free state, but forming a well-known and stable series of salts (osmates), which were formerly improperly called osmites. -- Osmic tetroxide (Chem.), a white volatile crystalline substance, OsO4, the most stable and characteristic of the compounds of osmium. It has a burning taste, and gives off a vapor, which is a powerful irritant poison, violently attacking the eyes, and emitting a strong chlorinelike odor. Formerly improperly called osmic acid.
||Os`mi*dro"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; smell + &?; to sweat.] ||(Med.) The secretion of fetid sweat.
Os"mi*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Denoting those compounds of osmium in which the element has a valence relatively lower than in the osmic compounds; as, osmious chloride. [Written also osmous.]
Osmious acid (Chem.), an acid derived from osmium, analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming unstable salts. It is a brown amorphous substance.
Os"mite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of osmious acid.
Os"mi*um (?), n. [Gr. &?; a smell, odor, akin to &?; to smell. So named in allusion to the strong chlorinelike odor of osmic tetroxide. See Odor.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible, bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues. Symbol Os. Atomic weight 191.1. Specific gravity 22.477.
Os*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; impulse + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the amount of osmotic action in different liquids.
Os*mom"e*try (?), n. (Physics) The study of osmose by means of the osmometer.
Os"mose (?), n. [Gr. &?;, equiv. to &?; impulse, fr. &?; to push.] (Chemical Physics) (a) The tendency in fluids to mix, or become equably diffused, when in contact. It was first observed between fluids of differing densities, and as taking place through a membrane or an intervening porous structure. The more rapid flow from the thinner to the thicker fluid was then called endosmose, and the opposite, slower current, exosmose. Both are, however, results of the same force. Osmose may be regarded as a form of molecular attraction, allied to that of adhesion. (b) The action produced by this tendency.
Electric osmose, or Electric endosmose (Elec.), the transportation of a liquid through a porous septum by the action of an electric current.
Os*mo"sis (?), n. [NL.] Osmose.
Os*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the property of, osmose; as, osmotic force.
Os"mund (?), n. (Bot.) A fern of the genus Osmunda, or flowering fern. The most remarkable species is the osmund royal, or royal fern (Osmunda regalis), which grows in wet or boggy places, and has large bipinnate fronds, often with a panicle of capsules at the top. The rootstock contains much starch, and has been used in stiffening linen.
Os"na*burg (?), n. A species of coarse linen, originally made in Osnaburg, Germany.
O"so-ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The small, blueblack, drupelike fruit of the Nuttallia cerasiformis, a shrub of Oregon and California, belonging to the Cherry tribe of Rosaceæ.
||Os*phra"di*um (?), n.; pl. Osphradia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; strong ||scent, fr. &?; to smell.] (Zoöl.) The olfactory organ of some ||Mollusca. It is connected with the organ of respiration.
{ Os"prey, Os"pray } (?), n. [Through OF. fr. L. ossifraga (orig., the bone breaker); prob. influenced by oripelargus (mountain stork, a kind of eagle, Gr. &?;); cf. OF. orpres, and F. orfraie. See Ossifrage.] (Zoöl.) The fishhawk.
Oss (?), v. i. [See Osse, n.] To prophesy; to presage. [R. & Obs.] R. Edgeworth.
Osse (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] A prophetic or ominous utterance. [R. & Obs.] Holland.
Os"se*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) A fish having a bony skeleton; a teleost.
Os"se*in (?), n. [L. os bone.] (Physiol. Chem.) The organic basis of bone tissue; the residue after removal of the mineral matters from bone by dilute acid; in embryonic tissue, the substance in which the mineral salts are deposited to form bone; -- called also ostein. Chemically it is the same as collagen.
Os"se*let (?), n. [F.] 1. A little bone.
2. (Zoöl.) The internal bone, or shell, of a cuttlefish.
Os"se*ous (?), a. [L. osseus, from os, ossis bone; akin to Gr. &?;, Skr. asthi. Cf. Oyster.] Composed of bone; resembling bone; capable of forming bone; bony; ossific.
Os"se*ter (?), n. [Russ, osetr' sturgeon.] (Zoöl.) A species of sturgeon.
Os`si*an"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, Ossian, a legendary Erse or Celtic bard.
The compositions might be fairly classed as Ossianic.
G. Eliot.
Os"si*cle (?), n. [L. ossiculum, dim. of os, ossis, a bone.] 1. A little bone; as, the auditory ossicles in the tympanum of the ear.
2. (Zoöl.) One of numerous small calcareous structures forming the skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes.
Os*sic"u*la`ted (?), a. Having small bones.
||Os*sic"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Ossicula (#). [L., a little bone.] (Zoöl.) ||Same as Ossicle.
Os*sif"er*ous (?), a. [L. os, ossis, a bone + -ferous: cf. F. ossifère.] Containing or yielding bone.
Os*sif"ic (?), a. [L. os, ossis, bone + facere to make: cf. F. ossifique. See Fact.] Capable of producing bone; having the power to change cartilage or other tissue into bone.
Os`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ossification. See Ossify.] 1. (Physiol.) The formation of bone; the process, in the growth of an animal, by which inorganic material (mainly lime salts) is deposited in cartilage or membrane, forming bony tissue; ostosis.
Besides the natural ossification of growing tissue, there is the so-called accidental ossification which sometimes follows certain abnormal conditions, as in the ossification of an artery.
2. The state of being changed into a bony substance; also, a mass or point of ossified tissue.
Os"si*fied (?), a. Changed to bone or something resembling bone; hardened by deposits of mineral matter of any kind; -- said of tissues.
Os"si*frage (?), n. [L. ossifraga, ossifragus, osprey, fr. ossifragus bone breaking; os, ossis, a bone + frangere, fractum, to break. See Osseous, Break, and cf. Osprey, Ossifragous.] (Zoöl.) (a) The lammergeir. (b) The young of the sea eagle or bald eagle. [Obs.]
Os*sif"ra*gous (?), a. [L. ossifragus. See Ossifrage.] Serving to break bones; bone-breaking.
Os"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ossified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ossifying (?).] [L. os, ossis, bone + - fy: cf. F. ossifier. See Osseous.] 1. (Physiol.) To form into bone; to change from a soft animal substance into bone, as by the deposition of lime salts.
2. Fig.: To harden; as, to ossify the heart. Ruskin.
Os"si*fy, v. i. (Physiol.) To become bone; to change from a soft tissue to a hard bony tissue.
Os"si*fy`ing (?), a. (Physiol.) Changing into bone; becoming bone; as, the ossifying process.
Os*siv"o*rous (?), a. [L. os, ossis, bone + vorare to devour: cf. F. ossivore.] Feeding on bones; eating bones; as, ossivorous quadrupeds. Derham.
Os"spring*er (?), n. The osprey. [R.]
||Os`su*a"ri*um (?), n. [L.] A charnel house; an ossuary. Walpole.
Os"su*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [L. ossuarium, fr. ossuarius of or bones, fr. os, ossis, bone: cf. F. ossuaire.] A place where the bones of the dead are deposited; a charnel house. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Ost (?), n. See Oast.
Os"te*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; a bone.] Osseous.
Os"te*in (?), n. [Gr. &?; bone.] Ossein.
||Os`te*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Osteo-, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation ||of bone.
Os"tel*er (?), n. Same as Hosteler. Wyclif.
Os*tend" (?), v. t. [L. ostendere to show.] To exhibit; to manifest. [Obs.]
Mercy to mean offenders we'll ostend.
J. Webster.
Os*ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being ostensible.
Os*ten"si*ble (?), a. [From L. ostensus, p. p. of ostendere to show, prop., to stretch out before; fr. prefix obs- (old form of ob-) + tendere to stretch. See Tend.]
1. Capable of being shown; proper or intended to be shown. [R.] Walpole.
2. Shown; exhibited; declared; avowed; professed; apparent; -- often used as opposed to real or actual; as, an ostensible reason, motive, or aim. D. Ramsay.
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Os*ten"si*bly (?), adv. In an ostensible manner; avowedly; professedly; apparently. Walsh.
Ostensibly, we were intended to prevent filibustering into Texas, but really as a menace to Mexico.
U. S. Grant.
Os*ten"sion (?), n. [L. ostensio a showing: cf. F. ostension. See Ostend.] (Eccl.) The showing of the sacrament on the altar in order that it may receive the adoration of the communicants.
Os*ten"sive (?), a. Showing; exhibiting.
Ostensive demonstration (Math.), a direct or positive demonstration, as opposed to the apagogical or indirect method.
Os*ten"sive*ly, adv. In an ostensive manner.
{ ||Os`ten*so"ri*um (?), Os*ten"so*ry (?), } n.; pl. L. -soria (#), E. -sories (#). [NL. ostensorium: cf. F. ostensoir. See Ostensible.] (R. C. Ch.) Same as Monstrance.
Os"tent (?), n. [L. ostentus, ostentum, fr. ostendere (p. p. ostensus and ostentus) to show. See Ostensible.]
1. Appearance; air; mien. Shak.
2. Manifestation; token; portent. Dryden.
We asked of God that some ostent might clear Our cloudy business, who gave us sign.
Chapman.
Os"ten*tate (?), v. t. [L. ostentatus, p. p. of ostentare, v. intens. fr. ostendere. See Ostent.] To make an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastingly. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
Os`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ostentatio: cf. F. ostentation.] 1. The act of ostentating or of making an ambitious display; unnecessary show; pretentious parade; -- usually in a detractive sense. "Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm." Milton.
He knew that good and bountiful minds were sometimes inclined to ostentation.
Atterbury.
2. A show or spectacle. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn. -- Parade; pageantry; show; pomp; pompousness; vaunting; boasting. See Parade.
Os`ten*ta"tious (?), a. Fond of, or evincing, ostentation; unduly conspicuous; pretentious; boastful.
Far from being ostentatious of the good you do.
Dryden.
The ostentatious professions of many years.
Macaulay.
-- Os`ten*ta"tious*ly, adv. -- Os`ten*ta"tious*ness, n.
Os"ten*ta`tor (?), n. [L.] One fond of display; a boaster. Sherwood.
Os*ten"tive (?), a. Ostentatious. [Obs.]
Os*ten"tous (?), a. Ostentatious. [Obs.] Feltham.
Os"te*o-. A combining form of Gr. &?; a bone.
Os"te*o*blast (?), n. [Osteo- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the protoplasmic cells which occur in the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum, and from or around which the matrix of the bone is developed; an osteoplast.
||Os`te*o*cla"sis (?), n. [NL. See Osteoclast.] (Surg.) The operation ||of breaking a bone in order to correct deformity.
Os"te*o*clast (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. &?; to break.]
1. (Physiol.) A myeloplax.
The osteoclasts occur usually in pits or cavities which they appear to have excavated, and are supposed to be concerned in the absorption of the bone matrix.
2. An instrument for performing osteoclasis.
Os`te*o*col"la (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. &?; glue.]
1. A kind of glue obtained from bones. Ure.
2. A cellular calc tufa, which in some places forms incrustations on the stems of plants, -- formerly supposed to have the quality of uniting fractured bones.
||Os`te*o*com"ma (?), n.; pl. L. Osteocommata (#), E. Osteocommas (#). ||[NL. See Osteo-, and Comma.] (Anat.) A metamere of the vertebrate ||skeleton; an osteomere; a vertebra. Owen.
Os"te*o*cope (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; a bone + &?; a striking, pain: cf. F. ostéocope.] (Med.) Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone. -- Os`te*o*cop"ic (#), a.
Os`te*o*cra"ni*um (?), n. [Osteo- + cranium.] (Anat.) The bony cranium, as distinguished from the cartilaginous cranium.
Os`te*o*den"tine (?), n. [Osteo- + denite.] (Anat.) A hard substance, somewhat like bone, which is sometimes deposited within the pulp cavity of teeth.
Os"te*o*gen (?), n. [Osteo- + -gen.] (Physiol.) The soft tissue, or substance, which, in developing bone, ultimately undergoes ossification.
{ Os`te*o*gen"e*sis (?), Os`te*og"e*ny (?), } n. [Osteo- + genesis, or the root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf. F. ostéogénie.] (Physiol.) The formation or growth of bone.
Os`te*o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Connected with osteogenesis, or the formation of bone; producing bone; as, osteogenetic tissue; the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum.
Os`te*o*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Osteogenetic.
Os`te*og"ra*pher (?), n. An osteologist.
Os`te*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Osteo- + -graphy.] The description of bones; osteology.
Os"te*oid (?), a. [Osteo- + - oid: cf. Gr. &?;.] (Anat.) Resembling bone; bonelike.
Os"te*o*lite (?), n. [Osteo- + -lite.] (Min.) A massive impure apatite, or calcium phosphate.
Os`te*ol"o*ger (?), n. One versed in osteology; an osteologist.
{ Os`te*o*log"ic (?), Os`te*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. ostéologique.] Of or pertaining to osteology. -- Os`te*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
Os`te*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who is skilled in osteology; an osteologer.
Os`te*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Osteo- + -logy: cf. F. ostéologie.] The science which treats of the bones of the vertebrate skeleton.
||Os`te*o"ma (?), n.; pl. Osteomata (#). [NL. See Osteo-, and - oma.] ||(Med.) A tumor composed mainly of bone; a tumor of a bone.
||Os`te*o*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; bone + &?; softness.] ||(Med.) A disease of the bones, in which they lose their earthy ||material, and become soft, flexible, and distorted. Also called ||malacia.
Os"te*o*man`ty (?), n. [Osteo- Gr. &?; divination.] Divination by means of bones. [R.]
Os"te*o*mere (?), n. [Osteo- + -mere.] (Anat.) An osteocomma. Owen.
Os"te*o*phone (?), n. [Gr. &?; bone + &?; voice.] An instrument for transmission of auditory vibrations through the bones of the head, so as to be appreciated as sounds by persons deaf from causes other than those affecting the nervous apparatus of hearing.
Os"te*o*plast (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. &?; to form.] (Anat.) An osteoblast.
Os`te*o*plas"tic (?), a. [Osteo- + -plastic.]
1. (Physiol.) Producing bone; as, osteoplastic cells.
2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the replacement of bone; as, an osteoplastic operation.
Os"te*o*plas`ty (?), n. [Osteo- + -plasty.] (Med.) An operation or process by which the total or partial loss of a bone is remedied. Dunglison.
Os`te*op`ter*yg"i*ous (?), a. [Osteo- Gr. &?; a fin.] (Zoöl.) Having bones in the fins, as certain fishes.
||Os`te*o*sar*co"ma (?), n.; pl. Osteosarcomata (#). [NL. See Osteo-, ||and sarcoma.] (Med.) A tumor having the structure of a sacroma in ||which there is a deposit of bone; sarcoma connected with bone.
Os"te*o*tome (?), n. [Osteo- + Gr. &?;.] (Surg.) Strong nippers or a chisel for dividing bone.
Os`te*ot"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in osteotomy.
Os`te*ot"o*my (?), n. 1. The dissection or anatomy of bones; osteology.
2. (Surg.) The operation of dividing a bone or of cutting a piece out of it, -- done to remedy deformity, etc.
||Os`te*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bone + zo^,on an ||animal.] (Zoöl.) Same as Vertebrata.
Os"ti*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [L. ostium door, entrance. See Usher.] 1. The mouth of a river; an estuary. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
2. One who keeps the door, especially the door of a church; a porter. N. Bacon.
Os"tic (?), a. [From North American Indian oshtegwon a head.] Pertaining to, or applied to, the language of the Tuscaroras, Iroquois, Wyandots, Winnebagoes, and a part of the Sioux Indians. Schoolcraft.
Os"ti*ole (?), n. [L. ostiolum a little door, dim. of ostium a door: cf. F. ostiole.] (Bot.) (a) The exterior opening of a stomate. See Stomate. (b) Any small orifice.
||Os*ti"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) See Osteitis.
||Os"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Ostia (#). [L.] (Anat.) An opening; a passage.
Ost"ler (?), n. See Hostler.
Ost"ler*ess, n. A female ostler. [R.] Tennyson.
Ost"ler*y (?), n. See Hostelry. [Obs.]
Ost"men (?), n. pl.; sing. Ostman. [See East, and Man.] East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, formerly so called. Lyttelton.
||Os*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a bone.] (Physiol.) Bone ||formation; ossification. See Ectostosis, and Endostosis.
||Os*tra"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shell of a testacean.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of bivalve mollusks including the oysters and ||allied shells.
Os*tra"cean (?), n. [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zoöl.) Any one of a family of bivalves, of which the oyster is the type.
||Os*tra"ci*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; small shell.] (Zoöl.) A genus ||of plectognath fishes having the body covered with solid, immovable, ||bony plates. It includes the trunkfishes.
Os*tra"ci*ont (?), n. (Zoöl.) A fish of the genus Ostracion and allied genera.
Os"tra*cism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to ostracize. See Ostracize.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) Banishment by popular vote, -- a means adopted at Athens to rid the city of a person whose talent and influence gave umbrage.
2. Banishment; exclusion; as, social ostracism.
Public envy is as an ostracism, that eclipseth men when they grow too great.
Bacon.
Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the . . . confidence, and honors, and emoluments of his country.
A. Hamilton.
Os"tra*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil oyster.
Os"tra*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ostracized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ostracizing (?).] [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a tile, a tablet used in voting, a shell; cf. &?; oyster, &?; bone. Cf. Osseous, Oyster.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) To exile by ostracism; to banish by a popular vote, as at Athens. Grote.
2. To banish from society; to put under the ban; to cast out from social, political, or private favor; as, he was ostracized by his former friends. Marvell.
||Os*trac"o*da (?), n. pl. (Zoöl.) Ostracoidea.
||Os`tra*coder"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shell of a testacean + ||&?; skin.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of fishes of which Ostracion is the ||type.
Os"tra*coid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ostracoidea. -- n. One of the Ostracoidea.
||Os`tra*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shell of a testacean + ||-oid.] (Zoöl.) An order of Entomostraca possessing hard bivalve ||shells. They are of small size, and swim freely about. [Written also ||Ostracoda.]
||Os"tre*a (?), n. [L., an oyster.] (Zoöl.) A genus of bivalve Mollusca ||which includes the true oysters.
Os`tre*a"ceous (?), a. [L. ostrea an oyster. See Oyster.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to an oyster, or to a shell; shelly.
The crustaceous or ostreaceous body.
Cudworth.
Os"tre*a*cul`ture (?), n. The artificial cultivation of oysters.
Os`tre*oph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr.&?; an oyster + &?; to eat.] One who feeds on oysters.
Os"trich (?), n. [OE. ostriche, ostrice, OF. ostruche, ostruce, F. autruche, L. avis struthio; avis bird + struthio ostrich, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; bird, sparrow. Cf. Aviary, Struthious.] [Formerly written also estrich.] (Zoöl.) A large bird of the genus Struthio, of which Struthio camelus of Africa is the best known species. It has long and very strong legs, adapted for rapid running; only two toes; a long neck, nearly bare of feathers; and short wings incapable of flight. The adult male is about eight feet high.
The South African ostrich (Struthio australis) and the Asiatic ostrich are considered distinct species by some authors. Ostriches are now domesticated in South Africa in large numbers for the sake of their plumes. The body of the male is covered with elegant black plumose feathers, while the wings and tail furnish the most valuable white plumes.
Ostrich farm, a farm on which ostriches are bred for the sake of their feathers, oil, eggs, etc. -- Ostrich farming, the occupation of breeding ostriches for the sake of their feathers, etc. -- Ostrich fern (Bot.) a kind of fern (Onoclea Struthiopteris), the tall fronds of which grow in a circle from the rootstock. It is found in alluvial soil in Europe and North America.
Os*trif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ostrifer; ostrea oyster + ferre.] Producing oysters; containing oysters.
Os"tro*goth (?), n. [L. Ostrogothi, pl. See East, and Goth.] One of the Eastern Goths. See Goth.
Os`tro*goth"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Ostrogoths.
Os*we"go tea" (?). (Bot.) An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma), with showy, bright red, labiate flowers.
Ot`a*cous"tic (?), a. [Oto- + acoustic: cf. F. otacoustique.] Assisting the sense of hearing; as, an otacoustic instrument.
{ Ot`a*cous"tic (?), Ot`a*cous"ti*con (?), } n. An instrument to facilitate hearing, as an ear trumpet.
O`ta*hei"te ap"ple (?). [So named from Otaheite, or Tahiti, one of the Society Islands.] (Bot.) (a) The fruit of a Polynesian anacardiaceous tree (Spondias dulcis), also called vi-apple. It is rather larger than an apple, and the rind has a flavor of turpentine, but the flesh is said to taste like pineapples. (b) A West Indian name for a myrtaceous tree (Jambosa Malaccensis) which bears crimson berries.
||O*tal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; o'y^s, 'wto`s, the ear + &?; ||pain: cf. F. otalgie.] (Med.) Pain in the ear; earache.
O*tal"gic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to otalgia. -- n. A remedy for otalgia.
O*tal"gy (?), n. Pain in the ear; otalgia.
O"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Otaries (#). [Gr. &?; large-eared, fr. &?;, &?;, ear: cf. F. otarie.] (Zoöl.) Any eared seal.
O"the*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; to push + -scope.] (Physics) An instrument for exhibiting the repulsive action produced by light or heat in an exhausted vessel; a modification of the radoimeter. W. Crookes.
Oth"er ("r), conj. [See Or.] Either; -- used with other or or for its correlative (as either . . . or are now used). [Obs.]
Other of chalk, other of glass.
Chaucer.
Oth"er, pron. & a. [AS. ðer; akin to OS. ðar, ðar, D. & G. ander, OHG. andar, Icel. annarr, Sw. annan, Dan. anden, Goth. anþar, Skr. antara: cf. L. alter; all orig. comparatives: cf. Skr. anya other. √180. Cf. Alter.] [Formerly other was used both as singular and plural.]
1. Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two.
Each of them made other for to win.
Chaucer.
Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
Matt. v. 39.
2. Not this, but the contrary; opposite; as, the other side of a river.
3. Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with every; as, every other day, that is, each alternate day, every second day.
4. Left, as opposed to right. [Obs.]
A distaff in her other hand she had.
Spenser.
Other is a correlative adjective, or adjective pronoun, often in contrast with one, some, that, this, etc.
The one shall be taken, and the other left.
Matt. xxiv. 41.
And some fell among thorns . . . but other fell into good ground.
Matt. xiii. 7, 8.
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It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood.
To write this, or to design the other.
Dryden.
It is written with the indefinite article as one word, another; is used with each, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is employed absolutely, or eliptically for other thing, or other person, in which case it may have a plural.
The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others.
Ps. xlix. 10.
If he is trimming, others are true.
Thackeray.
Other is sometimes followed by but, beside, or besides; but oftener by than.
No other but such a one as he.
Coleridge.
Other lords beside thee have had dominion over us.
Is. xxvi. 13.
For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid.
1 Cor. iii. 11.
The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little other than a preparation for this very hour.
Hawthorne.
Other some, some others. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] -- The other day, at a certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago; recently; rarely, the third day past.
Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday? No, nor t' other day.
B. Jonson.
Oth"er (?), adv. Otherwise. "It shall none other be." Chaucer. "If you think other." Shak.
Oth"er*gates` (?), adv. [Other + gate way. See wards.] In another manner. [Obs.]
He would have tickled you othergates.
Shak.
{ Oth"er*guise` (?), Oth"er*guess` (?) }, a. & adv. [A corruption of othergates.] Of another kind or sort; in another way. "Otherguess arguments." Berkeley.
Oth"er*ness, n. The quality or state of being other or different; alterity; oppositeness.
Oth"er*ways` (?), adv. See Otherwise. Tyndale.
Oth"er*where` (?), adv. In or to some other place, or places; elsewhere. Milton. Tennyson.
{ Oth"er*while` (?), Oth"er*whiles` (?), } adv. At another time, or other times; sometimes; &?;ccasionally. [Archaic]
Weighing otherwhiles ten pounds and more.
Holland.
Oth"er*wise` (?), adv. [Other + wise manner.]
1. In a different manner; in another way, or in other ways; differently; contrarily. Chaucer.
Thy father was a worthy prince, And merited, alas! a better fate; But Heaven thought otherwise.
Addison.
2. In other respects.
It is said, truly, that the best men otherwise are not always the best in regard of society.
Hooker.
3. In different circumstances; under other conditions; as, I am engaged, otherwise I would accept.
Otherwise, like so and thus, may be used as a substitute for the opposite of a previous adjective, noun, etc.
Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a fool receive me.
2 Cor. xi. 16.
Her eyebrows . . . rather full than otherwise.
Fielding.
Oth"man (?), n. & a. See Ottoman.
O"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. o'y^s, 'wto`s, the ear: cf. F. otique.] Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the ear; auricular; auditory.
O"ti*ose` (?), a. [L. otiosus, fr. otium ease.] Being at leisure or ease; unemployed; indolent; idle. "Otiose assent." Paley.
The true keeping of the Sabbath was not that otiose and un&?;rofitable cessation from even good deeds which they would enforce.
Alford.
O`ti*os"ity (?), n. [L. otiositas.] Leisure; indolence; idleness; ease. [R.] Thackeray.
||O"tis (?), n. [L., a kind of bustard, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||birds including the bustards.
||O*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. o'y^s, 'wto`s, the ear + -itis.] ||(Med.) Inflammation of the ear.
O"to- (?). [Gr. o'y^s, 'wto`s, the ear.] A combining form denoting relation to, or situation near or in, the ear.
O*to"ba fat` (?). (Chem.) A colorless buttery substance obtained from the fruit of Myristica otoba, a species of nutmeg tree.
O*toc"o*nite (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. &?; dust.] (Anat.) (a) A mass of otoliths. (b) An otolith.
O"to*crane (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. &?; skull.] (Anat.) The cavity in the skull in which the parts of the internal ear are lodged.
O`to*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the otocrane.
O"to*cyst (?), n. [Oto- + cyst.] (Zoöl. & Anat.) An auditory cyst or vesicle; one of the simple auditory organs of many invertebrates, containing a fluid and otoliths; also, the embryonic vesicle from which the parts of the internal ear of vertebrates are developed.
O*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Oto- + -graphy.] A description of the ear.
{ O"to*lith (?), O"to*lite (?), } n. [Oto- + -lith, -lite.] (Anat.) One of the small bones or particles of calcareous or other hard substance in the internal ear of vertebrates, and in the auditory organs of many invertebrates; an ear stone. Collectively, the otoliths are called ear sand and otoconite.
{ O`to*lith"ic (?), O`to*lit"ic (?), } a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to otoliths.
O`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining tootology.
O*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in otology; an aurist.
O*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Oto- + - logy.] The branch of science which treats of the ear and its diseases.
O*top"a*thy (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. &?; to suffer.] (Med.) A diseased condition of the ear.
||O`tor*rhœ"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. o'y^s, 'wto`s, the ear + &?; to ||flow.] (Med.) A flow or running from the ear, esp. a purulent ||discharge.
O"to*scope (?), n. [Oto- + - scope.] An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.
O`to*scope"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the otoscope or to otoscopy.
O*tos"co*py (?), n. (Med.) The examination of the ear; the art of using the otoscope.
O*tos"te*al (?), n. [Oto- + Gr. &?; a bone.] (Anat.) An auditory ossicle. R. Owen.
||O`to*zo"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, a fabled giant + zo^,on an ||animal.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of huge vertebrates, probably ||dinosaurs, known only from four-toed tracks in Triassic sandstones.
Ot"tar (?), n. See Attar.
Ot"ta*was (?), n. pl.; sing. Ottawa (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived on the Ottawa River. Most of them subsequently migrated to the southwestern shore of Lake Superior.
Ot"ter (?), n. [OE. oter, AS. otor; akin to D. & G. otter, Icel. otr, Dan. odder, Sw. utter, Lith. udra, Russ, vuidra, Gr. "y`dra water serpent, hydra, Skr. udra otter, and also to E. water. √137, 215. See Water, and cf. Hydra.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera. Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is Lutra vulgaris; the American otter is L. Canadensis; other species inhabit South America and Asia.
2. (Zoöl.) The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines.
Otter hound, Otter dog (Zoöl.), a small breed of hounds, used in England for hunting otters. -- Otter sheep. See Ancon sheep, under Ancon. -- Otter shell (Zoöl.), very large bivalve mollusk (Schizothærus Nuttallii) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent food, and is extensively used by the Indians. -- Sea otter. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary.
Ot"ter, n. A corruption of Annotto.
Ot"to (?), n. See Attar.
Ot"to*man (?), a. [F. ottoman: cf. It. ottomano, ottomanno; -- from Othoman, Othman, or Osman, the name of a sultan who assumed the government of Turkey about the year 1300. Cf. Osmanli, Ottoman a stuffed seat.] Of or pertaining to the Turks; as, the Ottoman power or empire.
Ot"to*man, n.; pl. Ottomans (&?;). 1. A Turk.
2. [F. ottomane, from ottoman Turkish.] A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey.
Ot"to*mite (?), n. An Ottoman. [R.] Shak.
Ot"trel*ite (?), n. [From Ottrez, on the borders of Luxembourg.] (Min.) A micaceous mineral occurring in small scales. It is characteristic of certain crystalline schists.
||Oua*ka"ri (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) Any South American ||monkey of the genus Brachyurus, especially B. ouakari.
||Ouan`der*oo" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The wanderoo.
Oua`rine" (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) A Brazilian monkey of the genus Mycetes.
||Ou`bli`ette" (?), n. [F., fr. oublier to forget, fr. (assumed) LL. ||oblitare, L. oblivisci, p. p. oblitus.] A dungeon with an opening ||only at the top, found in some old castles and other strongholds, ||into which persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish ||secretly, were thrust, or lured to fall.
Sudden in the sun An oubliette winks. Where is he? Gone.
Mrs. Browning.
Ouch (ouch), n. [OE. ouch, nouche (a nouch being taken for an ouch: cf. Adder), fr. OF. nusche, nosche, nousche, buckle, clasp, LL. nusca, fr. OHG. nusca, nuscha.] A socket or bezel holding a precious stone; hence, a jewel or ornament worn on the person.
A precious stone in a rich ouche.
Sir T. Elyot.
Your brooches, pearls, and ouches.
Shak.
Ough"ne ("ne), a. Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ought (t), n. & adv. See Aught.
Ought, imp., p. p., or auxiliary. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. hte. √110. See Owe.] 1. Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Obs.]
This due obedience which they ought to the king.
Tyndale.
The love and duty I long have ought you.
Spelman.
[He] said . . . you ought him a thousand pound.
Shak.
2. Owned; possessed. [Obs.]
The knight the which that castle ought.
Spenser.
3. To be bound in duty or by moral obligation.
We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak.
Rom. xv. 1.
4. To be necessary, fit, becoming, or expedient; to behoove; -- in this sense formerly sometimes used impersonally or without a subject expressed. "Well ought us work." Chaucer.
To speak of this as it ought, would ask a volume.
Milton.
Ought not Christ to have suffered these things?
Luke xxiv. 26.
Ought is now chiefly employed as an auxiliary verb, expressing fitness, expediency, propriety, moral obligation, or the like, in the action or state indicated by the principal verb.
Syn. -- Ought, Should. Both words imply obligation, but ought is the stronger. Should may imply merely an obligation of propriety, expendiency, etc.; ought denotes an obligation of duty.
Ought"ness (?), n. The state of being as a thing ought to be; rightness. [R.] N. W. Taylor.
Ough"where` (?), adv. [AS. hwær.] Anywhere; somewhere. See Owher. [Obs.]
Ouis"ti*ti (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) See Wistit.
Oul (?), n. An awl. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Oul, n. An owl. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ou"la*chan (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Eulachon.
Ounce (?), n. [F. once, fr. L. uncia a twelfth, the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot: cf. Gr. &?; bulk, mass, atom. Cf. 2d Inch, Oke.] 1. A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and containing 437&?; grains.
2. (Troy Weight) The twelfth part of a troy pound.
The troy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty-four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight. [Troy ounce is sometimes written as one word, troyounce.]
3. Fig.: A small portion; a bit. [Obs.]
By ounces hung his locks that he had.
Chaucer.
Fluid ounce. See under Fluid, n.
Ounce, n. [F. once; cf. It. lonza, Sp. onza; prob. for lonce, taken as l'once, fr. L. lynx, Gr. &?;, or an (assumed) fem. adj. lyncea, from lynx. Cf. Lynx.] (Zoöl.) A feline quadruped (Felis irbis, or uncia) resembling the leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The ounce is pale yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of Asia. Called also once.
{ Ound"ed (?), Oun"dy (?), } a. [F. ondé, -ée, fr. onde, L. unda, a wave.] Wavy; waving&?; curly. [Obs.] "Owndie hair." Chaucer.
Ound"ing (?), vb. n. Waving. [Obs.]
Ounding, paling, winding, or bending . . . of cloth.
Chaucer.
Ouphe (?), n. [See Auf.] A fairy; a goblin; an elf. [Obs.] "Like urchins, ouphes, and fairies." Shak.
Ouph"en (?), a. Elfish. [Obs.]
Our (?), possessive pron. [AS. &?;re our, of us; akin to &?;s us, to us, and to G. unser our, of us, Goth. unsara. √186 See Us.] Of or pertaining to us; belonging to us; as, our country; our rights; our troops; our endeavors. See I.
The Lord is our defense.
Ps. lxxxix. 18.
When the noun is not expressed, ours is used in the same way as hers for her, yours for your, etc.; as, whose house is that? It is ours.
Our wills are ours, we known not how.
Tennyson.
-our (?). [OF. -our.] See - or.
Ou*rang" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The orang-outang.
Ou*rang"-ou*tang` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Orang-outang.
Ou`ra*nog"ra*phist (?), n. See Uranographist.
Ou`ra*nog"ra*phy (?), n. See Uranography.
||Ou"re*bi (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small, graceful, and swift African ||antelope, allied to the klipspringer.
Ou*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, from &?; urine. Cf. Uretic.] (Chem.) Uric.
Ou*rol"o*gy (?), n. See Urology.
Ou*ros"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; urine + -scopy.] Ourology.
Ours (?), possessive pron. See Note under Our.
Our*selves" (?), pron. ; sing. Ourself (&?;). An emphasized form of the pronoun of the first person plural; -- used as a subject, usually with we; also, alone in the predicate, in the nominative or the objective case.
We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal further then we usually do.
Locke.
Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand.
Dryden.
The form ourself is usec only in the regal or formal style after we or us, denoting a single person.
Unless we would denude ourself of all force.
Clarendon.
-ous (?). [OF. -ous, us, -os, F. -eux, fr. L. -osus, and -us. Cf. -ose.] 1. An adjective suffix meaning full of, abounding in, having, possessing the qualities of, like; as in gracious, abounding in grace; arduous, full of ardor; bulbous, having bulbs, bulblike; riotous, poisonous, piteous, joyous, etc.
2. (Chem.) A suffix denoting that the element indicated by the name bearing it, has a valence lower than that denoted by the termination -ic; as, nitrous, sulphurous, etc., as contrasted with nitric, sulphuric, etc.
<! p. 1018 !>
Ouse (?), n. & v. See Ooze. [Obs.]
Ou"sel (?), n. [OE. osel, AS. &?;sle; akin to G. amsel, OHG. amsala, and perh. to L. merula blackbird. Cf. Merle, Amsel.] (Zoöl.) One of several species of European thrushes, especially the blackbird (Merula merula, or Turdus merula), and the mountain or ring ousel (Turdus torquatus). [Written also ouzel.]
Rock ousel (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. -- Water ousel (Zoöl.), the European dipper (Cinclus aquaticus), and the American dipper (C. Mexicanus).
Oust (?), n. See Oast.
Oust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ousted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ousting.] [OF. oster, F. ôter, prob. fr. L. obstare to oppose, hence, to forbid, take away. See Obstacle, and cf. Ouster.] 1. To take away; to remove.
Multiplication of actions upon the case were rare, formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted.
Sir M. Hale.
2. To eject; to turn out. Blackstone.
From mine own earldom foully ousted me.
Tennyson.
Oust"er (?), n. [Prob. fr. the OF. infin. oster, used substantively. See Oust.] A putting out of possession; dispossession; ejection; disseizin.
Ouster of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinuance, or deforcement.
Blackstone.
Ouster le main. [Ouster + F. la main the hand, L. manus.] (Law) A delivery of lands out of the hands of a guardian, or out of the king's hands, or a judgement given for that purpose. Blackstone.
Out (?), adv. [OE. out, ut, oute, ute, AS. t, and te, tan, fr. t; akin to D. uit, OS. t, G. aus, OHG. z, Icel. t, Sw. ut, Dan. ud, Goth. ut, Skr. ud. √198. Cf. About, But, prep., Carouse, Utter, a.] In its original and strict sense, out means from the interior of something; beyond the limits or boundary of somethings; in a position or relation which is exterior to something; -- opposed to in or into. The something may be expressed after of, from, etc. (see Out of, below); or, if not expressed, it is implied; as, he is out; or, he is out of the house, office, business, etc.; he came out; or, he came out from the ship, meeting, sect, party, etc. Out is used in a variety of applications, as: --
1. Away; abroad; off; from home, or from a certain, or a usual, place; not in; not in a particular, or a usual, place; as, the proprietor is out, his team was taken out. "My shoulder blade is out." Shak.
He hath been out (of the country) nine years.
Shak.
2. Beyond the limits of concealment, confinement, privacy, constraint, etc., actual of figurative; hence, not in concealment, constraint, etc., in, or into, a state of freedom, openness, disclosure, publicity, etc.; as, the sun shines out; he laughed out, to be out at the elbows; the secret has leaked out, or is out; the disease broke out on his face; the book is out.
Leaves are out and perfect in a month.
Bacon.
She has not been out [in general society] very long.
H. James.
3. Beyond the limit of existence, continuance, or supply; to the end; completely; hence, in, or into, a condition of extinction, exhaustion, completion; as, the fuel, or the fire, has burned out. "Hear me out." Dryden.
Deceitiful men shall not live out half their days.
Ps. iv. 23.
When the butt is out, we will drink water.
Shak.
4. Beyond possession, control, or occupation; hence, in, or into, a state of want, loss, or deprivation; -- used of office, business, property, knowledge, etc.; as, the Democrats went out and the Whigs came in; he put his money out at interest. "Land that is out at rack rent." Locke. "He was out fifty pounds." Bp. Fell.
I have forgot my part, and I am out.
Shak.
5. Beyond the bounds of what is true, reasonable, correct, proper, common, etc.; in error or mistake; in a wrong or incorrect position or opinion; in a state of disagreement, opposition, etc.; in an inharmonious relation. "Lancelot and I are out." Shak.
Wicked men are strangely out in the calculating of their own interest.
South.
Very seldom out, in these his guesses.
Addison.
6. Not in the position to score in playing a game; not in the state or turn of the play for counting or gaining scores.
Out is largely used in composition as a prefix, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as outbound, outbreak, outbuilding, outcome, outdo, outdoor, outfield. See also the first Note under Over, adv.
Day in, day out, from the beginning to the limit of each of several days; day by day; every day. -- Out and out. (a) adv. Completely; wholly; openly. (b) adj. Without any reservation or disguise; absolute; as, an out and out villain. [As an adj. written also out-and-out.] -- Out at, Out in, Out on, etc., elliptical phrases, that to which out refers as a source, origin, etc., being omitted; as, out (of the house and) at the barn; out (of the house, road, fields, etc., and) in the woods.
Three fishers went sailing out into the west, Out into the west, as the sun went down.
C. Kingsley.
In these lines after out may be understood, "of the harbor," "from the shore," "of sight," or some similar phrase. The complete construction is seen in the saying: "Out of the frying pan into the fire." -- Out from, a construction similar to out of (below). See Of and From.
Out of, a phrase which may be considered either as composed of an adverb and a preposition, each having its appropriate office in the sentence, or as a compound preposition. Considered as a preposition, it denotes, with verbs of movement or action, from the interior of; beyond the limit: from; hence, origin, source, motive, departure, separation, loss, etc.; -- opposed to in or into; also with verbs of being, the state of being derived, removed, or separated from. Examples may be found in the phrases below, and also under Vocabulary words; as, out of breath; out of countenance.
Out of cess, beyond measure, excessively. Shak. -- Out of character, unbecoming; improper. -- Out of conceit with, not pleased with. See under Conceit. -- Out of date, not timely; unfashionable; antiquated. -- Out of door, Out of doors, beyond the doors; from the house; in, or into, the open air; hence, figuratively, shut out; dismissed. See under Door, also, Out-of-door, Outdoor, Outdoors, in the Vocabulary. "He 's quality, and the question's out of door," Dryden. -- Out of favor, disliked; under displeasure. -- Out of frame, not in correct order or condition; irregular; disarranged. Latimer. -- Out of hand, immediately; without delay or preparation. "Ananias . . . fell down and died out of hand." Latimer. -- Out of harm's way, beyond the danger limit; in a safe place. -- Out of joint, not in proper connection or adjustment; unhinged; disordered. "The time is out of joint." Shak. -- Out of mind, not in mind; forgotten; also, beyond the limit of memory; as, time out of mind. -- Out of one's head, beyond commanding one's mental powers; in a wandering state mentally; delirious. [Colloq.] -- Out of one's time, beyond one's period of minority or apprenticeship. -- Out of order, not in proper order; disarranged; in confusion. -- Out of place, not in the usual or proper place; hence, not proper or becoming. -- Out of pocket, in a condition of having expended or lost more money than one has received. -- Out of print, not in market, the edition printed being exhausted; -- said of books, pamphlets, etc. -- Out of the question, beyond the limits or range of consideration; impossible to be favorably considered. -- Out of reach, beyond one's reach; inaccessible. -- Out of season, not in a proper season or time; untimely; inopportune. -- Out of sorts, wanting certain things; unsatisfied; unwell; unhappy; cross. See under Sort, n. -- Out of temper, not in good temper; irritated; angry. -- Out of time, not in proper time; too soon, or too late. - - Out of time, not in harmony; discordant; hence, not in an agreeing temper; fretful. -- Out of twist, winding, or wind, not in warped condition; perfectly plain and smooth; -- said of surfaces. -- Out of use, not in use; unfashionable; obsolete. -- Out of the way. (a) On one side; hard to reach or find; secluded. (b) Improper; unusual; wrong. -- Out of the woods, not in a place, or state, of obscurity or doubt; free from difficulty or perils; safe. [Colloq.] -- Out to out, from one extreme limit to another, including the whole length, breadth, or thickness; -- applied to measurements. -- Out West, in or towards, the West; specifically, in some Western State or Territory. [U. S.] -- To come out, To cut out, To fall out, etc. See under Come, Cut, Fall, etc. -- To put out of the way, to kill; to destroy. -- Week in, week out. See Day in, day out (above).
Out (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of office; -- generally in the plural.
2. A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle projecting outward; an open space; -- chiefly used in the phrase ins and outs; as, the ins and outs of a question. See under In.
3. (Print.) A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy; an omission.
To make an out (Print.), to omit something, in setting or correcting type, which was in the copy.
Out, v. t. 1. To cause to be out; to eject; to expel.
A king outed from his country.
Selden.
The French have been outed of their holds.
Heylin.
2. To come out with; to make known. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. To give out; to dispose of; to sell. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Out, v. i. To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public. "Truth will out." Shak.
Out, interj. Expressing impatience, anger, a desire to be rid of; -- with the force of command; go out; begone; away; off.
Out, idle words, servants to shallow fools !
Shak.
Out upon or on! equivalent to "shame upon!" "away with!" as, out upon you!
Out*act" (?), v. t. To do or beyond; to exceed in acting. [R.]
He has made me heir to treasures Would make me outact a real window's whining.
Otway.
Ou"ta*gam`ies (?), n. pl.; sing. Outagamie (&?;). (Ethnol.) See lst Fox, 7.
Out*ar"gue (?), v. t. To surpass or conquer in argument.
Out*bab"ble (?), v. t. To utter foolishly or excessively; to surpass in babbling. [R.] Milton.
Out*bal"ance (?), v. t. To outweight; to exceed in weight or effect.
Let dull Ajax bear away my right When all his days outbalance this one night.
Dryden.
Out*bar" (?), v. t. To bar out. [R.] Spenser.
Out*beg" (?), v. t. To surpass in begging. [R.]
Out*bid" (?), v. t. [imp. Outbid or Outbade (&?;); p. p. Outbid or Outbidden (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Outbidding.] To exceed or surpass in bidding.
Prevent the greedy, and outbid the bold.
Pope.
Out*bid"der (?), n. One who outbids. Johnson.
Out*bleat" (?), v. t. To surpass in bleating.
Out"blown` (?), a. Inflated with wind. Dryden.
Out*blush" (?), v. t. To exceed in blushing; to surpass in rosy color. T. Shipman.
Out"board` (?), a. & adv. (Naut.) Beyond or outside of the lines of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; in a direction from the hull or from the keel; -- opposed to inboard; as, outboard rigging; swing the davits outboard.
Out"born` (?), a. Foreign; not native. [R.]
Out"bound` (?), a. Outward bound. Dryden.
Out"bounds` (?), n. pl. The farthest or exterior bounds; extreme limits; boundaries. Spenser.
Out*bow" (?), v. t. To excel in bowing. Young.
Out"bowed` (?), a. Convex; curved outward. "The convex or outbowed side of a vessel." Bp. Hall.
Out*brag" (?), v. t. To surpass in bragging; hence, to make appear inferior.
Whose bare outbragg'd the web it seemed to wear.
Shak.
Out*brave" (?), v. t. 1. To excel in bravery o&?; in insolence; to defy with superior courage or audacity
2. To excel in magnificence or comeliness.
The basest weed outbraves his dignity.
Shak.
Out*bray" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in braying.
2. To emit with great noise. [Obs.] Fairfax.
Out*bra"zen (?), v. t. To bear down with a brazen face; to surpass in impudence. T. Brown.
Out"break` (?), n. A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection. "Mobs and outbreaks." J. H. Newman.
The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind.
Shak.
Out"break`ing, n. 1. The act of breaking out.
2. That which bursts forth.
Out*breast" (?), v. t. To surpass in singing. See Breast, n., 6. [Obs.]
Out*breathe" (?), v. t. 1. To breathe forth. "Outbreathed life." Spenser.
2. To cause to be out of breath; to exhaust. Shak.
Out*breathe", v. i. To issue, as breath; to be breathed out; to exhale. Beau. & Fl.
Out*bribe" (?), v. t. To surpass in bribing.
Out*bring" (?), v. t. To bring or bear out.
Out*bud" (?), v. i. To sprout. [Poetic] Spenser.
Out*build" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outbuilt (?) or Outbuilded; p. pr. & vb. n. Outbuilding.] To exceed in building, or in durability of building.
Out"build`ing (?), n. A building separate from, and subordinate to, the main house; an outhouse.
Out*burn", v. t. & i. 1. To exceed in burning.
2. To burn entirely; to be consumed. Shak.
Out"burst` (?), n. A bursting forth.
Out*cant" (?), v. t. To surpass in canting. Pope.
Out"cast` (?), a. [Cf. Sw. utkasta to cast out.] Cast out; degraded. "Outcast, rejected." Longfellow.
Out"cast`, n. 1. One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home, society, or country; hence, often, a degraded person; a vagabond.
The Lord . . . gathereth together the outcasts of Israel.
Ps. cxlvii. 2.
2. A quarrel; a contention. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Out"cast`ing, n. That which is cast out. [Obs.]
Out*cept" (?), prep. Except. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Out*cheat" (?), v. t. To exceed in cheating.
Out*climb" (?), v. t. To climb bevond; to surpass in climbing. Davenant.
Out"come (?), n. That which comes out of, or follows from, something else; issue; result; consequence; upshot. "The logical outcome." H. Spenser.
All true literature, all genuine poetry, is the direct outcome, the condensed essence, of actual life and thougth.
J. C. Shairp.
Out*com"pass (?), v. t. To exceed the compass or limits of. Bacon.
Out"court` (?), n. An outer or exterior court.
The skirts and outcourts of heaven.
South.
Out*craft"y (?), v. t. To exceed in cunning. [R.] Shak.
Out"cri`er (?), n. One who cries out or proclaims; a herald or crier.
Out"crop` (?), n. (Geol.) (a) The coming out of a stratum to the surface of the ground. Lyell. (b) That part of inclined strata which appears at the surface; basset.
Out*crop" (?), v. i. (Geol.) To come out to the surface of the ground; -- said of strata.
Out"cry` (?), n. 1. A vehement or loud cry; a cry of distress, alarm, opposition, or detestation; clamor.
2. Sale at public auction. Massinger. Thackeray.
Out*dare" (?), v. t. To surpass in daring; to overcome by courage; to brave. Shak. R. Browning.
Out*dat"ed (?), a. Being out of date; antiquated. [Obs.] Hammond.
Out*daz"zle (?), v. t. To surpass in dazzing.
Out*do" (?), v. t. [imp. Outdid (?); p. p. Outdone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outdoing.] To go beyond in performance; to excel; to surpass.
An imposture outdoes the original.
L' Estrange.
I grieve to be outdone by Gay.
Swift.
Out"door` (?), a. [For out of door.] Being, or done, in the open air; being or done outside of certain buildings, as poorhouses, hospitals, etc.; as, outdoor exercise; outdoor relief; outdoor patients.
Out"doors` (?), adv. Abread; out of the house; out of doors.
Out*draw" (?), v. t. To draw out; to extract. [R.] "He must the teeth outdraw." Gower.
Out*dream" (?), v. t. To pass, or escape, while dreaming. "To oultdream dangers." Beau. & Fl.
Out*drink" (?), v. t. To exceed in drinking.
Out*dure" (?), v. t. To outlast. [Obs.]
Out*dwell" (?), v. t. To dwell or stay beyond. [Poetic] "He outdwells his hour." Shak.
Out"dwell`er (?), n. One who holds land in a parish, but lives elsewhere. [Eng.]
Out"er (out"r), a. [Compar. of Out.] [AS. tor, compar. of t, adv., out. See Out, Utter, a.] Being on the outside; external; farthest or farther from the interior, from a given station, or from any space or position regarded as a center or starting place; -- opposed to inner; as, the outer wall; the outer court or gate; the outer stump in cricket; the outer world.
Outer bar, in England, the body of junior (or utter) barristers; -- so called because in court they occupy a place beyond the space reserved for Queen's counsel.
Out"er, n. (a) The part of a target which is beyond the circles surrounding the bull's- eye. (b) A shot which strikes the outer of a target.
Out"er, n. [From Out, v.] One who puts out, ousts, or expels; also, an ouster; dispossession. [R.]
Out"er*ly, adv. 1. Utterly; entirely. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Toward the outside. [R.] Grew.
Out"er*most` (?), a. [See Uttermost, Utmost, and cf. Outmost.] Being on the extreme external part; farthest outward; as, the outermost row. Boyle.
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Out*face" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outfaced (?); p pr. & vb. n. Outfacing (?).] To face or look (one) out of countenance; to resist or bear down by bold looks or effrontery; to brave. Shak.
Having outfaced all the world.
South.
Out"fall` (?), n. 1. The mouth of a river; the lower end of a water course; the open end of a drain, culvert, etc., where the discharge occurs.
2. A quarrel; a falling out. [Prov. Eng.]
Out*fang"thef (?), n. [AS. &?;t- fangen-&?;eóf. See Out, Fang, v. t., and Thief.] (Anglo-Saxon & O. Eng. Law) (a) A thief from without or abroad, taken within a lord's fee or liberty. (b) The privilege of trying such a thief. Burrill.
Out*fawn" (?), v. t. To exceed in fawning.
Out*feast" (?), v. t. To exceed in feasting.
Out*feat" (?), v. t. To surpass in feats.
Out"field` (?), n. 1. Arable land which has been or is being exhausted. See Infield, 1. [Scot.]
2. A field beyond, or separated from, the inclosed land about the homestead; an uninclosed or unexplored tract. Also used figuratively.
The great outfield of thought or fact.
Trench.
3. (Baseball) The part of the field beyond the diamond, or infield. It is occupied by the fielders.
4. (Cricket) The part of the field farthest from the batsman.
Out"fit (?), n. A fitting out, or equipment, as of a ship for a voyage, or of a person for an expedition in an unoccupied region or residence in a foreign land; things required for equipment; the expense of, or allowance made for, equipment, as by the government of the United States to a diplomatic agent going abroad.
Out"fit`ter (?), n. One who furnishes outfits for a voyage, a journey, or a business.
Out*flank" (?), v. t. (Mil.) To go beyond, or be superior to, on the flank; to pass around or turn the flank or flanks of.
Out*flat"ter (?), v. t. To exceed in flattering.
Out"fling`, n. A gibe; a contemptuous remark.
Out"flow` (?), n. A flowing out; efflux.
Out*flow" (?), v. i. To flow out. Campbell.
Out*fly" (?), v. t. [imp. Outflew (?); p. p. Outflown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outflying.] To surpass in flying; to fly beyond or faster than. Shak.
Winged with fear outflies the wind.
Waller.
Out*fool", v. t. To exceed in folly. [R.] Young.
Out"form (?), n. External appearance. [Obs.]
Out*frown" (?), v. t. To frown down; to overbear by frowning. Shak.
Out"gate` (?), n. An outlet. [Obs.] Spenser.
Out*gaze" (?), v. t. To gaze beyond; to exceed in sharpness or persistence of seeing or of looking; hence, to stare out of countenance.
Out*gen"er*al (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outgeneraled (?) or Outgeneralled; p. pr. & vb. n. Outgeneraling or Outgeneralling.] To exceed in generalship; to gain advantage over by superior military skill or executive ability; to outmaneuver. Chesterfield.
Out*give" (?), v. t. To surpass in giving. Dryden.
Out*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Outwent (?); p. p. Outgone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outgoing.]
1. To go beyond; to exceed in swiftness; to surpass; to outdo.
2. To circumvent; to overreach. [Obs.] Denham.
Out"go` (?), n.; pl. Outgoes (&?;). That which goes out, or is paid out; outlay; expenditure; -- the opposite of income. Lowell.
Out"go`er (?), n. One who goes out or departs.
Out"go`ing, n. 1. The act or the state of going out.
The outgoings of the morning and evening.
Ps. lxv. 8.
2. That which goes out; outgo; outlay.
3. The extreme limit; the place of ending. [Obs.]
The outgoings of the border were at the north bay of the salt sea, at the south end of Jordan.
Josh. xviii. 19.
Out"go`ing, a. Going out; departing; as, the outgoing administration; an outgoing steamer.
Out"ground` (?), n. Ground situated at a distance from the house; outlying land.
Out*grow" (?), v. t. [imp. Outgrew (?); p. p. Outgrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outgrowing.]
1. To surpass in growing; to grow more than. Shak.
2. To grow out of or away from; to grow too large, or too aged, for; as, to outgrow clothing; to outgrow usefulness; to outgrow an infirmity.
Out"growth` (?), n. That which grows out of, or proceeds from, anything; an excrescence; an offshoot; hence, a result or consequence.
Out"guard` (?), n. (Mil.) A guard or small body of troops at a distance from the main body of an army, to watch for the approach of an enemy; hence, anything for defense placed at a distance from the thing to be defended.
Out"gush` (?), n. A pouring out; an outburst.
A passionate outgush of emotion.
Thackeray.
Out*gush" (?), v. i. To gush out; to flow forth.
Out"haul` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope used for hauling out a sail upon a spar; -- opposite of inhaul.
Out*hees" (?), n. [Cf. LL. uthesium, hutesium, huesium, OF. hueis, and E. hue, in hue and cry.] Outcry; alarm. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Outh"er (?), conj. Other. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Out-Her"od (?), v. t. To surpass (Herod) in violence or wickedness; to exceed in any vicious or offensive particular. "It out-Herods Herod." Shak.
Out-Heroding the preposterous fashions of the times.
Sir W. Scott.
Out*hire" (?), v. t. To hire out. [Obs.] Spenser.
Out"house` (?), n. A small house or building at a little distance from the main house; an outbuilding.
Out"ing, n. 1. The act of going out; an airing; an excursion; as, a summer outing.
2. A feast given by an apprentice when he is out of his time. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Out*jest" (?), v. t. To surpass in jesting; to drive out, or away, by jesting. [R.] Shak.
Out"jet` (?), n. That which jets out or projects from anything. [R.] H. Miller.
Out*jug"gle (?), v. t. To surpass in juggling.
Out"keep`er (?), n. (Surv.) An attachment to a surveyor's compass for keeping tally in chaining.
Out*knave" (?), v. t. To surpass in knavery.
Out*la"bor (?), v. t. To surpass in laboring.
Out"land (?), a. [Out + land. See Outlandish.] Foreign; outlandish. [Obs.] Strutt.
Out"land*er (?), n. A foreigner. Wood.
Out*land"ish (?), a. [AS. &?;tlendisc foreign. See Out, Land, and - ish.] 1. Foreign; not native.
Him did outlandish women cause to sin.
Neh. xiii. 26.
Its barley water and its outlandish wines.
G. W. Cable.
2. Hence: Not according with usage; strange; rude; barbarous; uncouth; clownish; as, an outlandish dress, behavior, or speech.
Something outlandish, unearthy, or at variance with ordinary fashion.
Hawthorne.
--Out*land"ish*ly, adv. -- Out*land"ish*ness, n.
Out*last" (?), v. t. To exceed in duration; to survive; to endure longer than. Milton.
Out*laugh" (?), v. t. 1. To surpass or outdo in laughing. Dryden.
2. To laugh (one) out of a purpose, principle, etc.; to discourage or discomfit by laughing; to laugh down. [R.]
His apprehensions of being outlaughed will force him to continue in a restless obscurity.
Franklin.
Out"law` (?), n. [AS. &?;tlaga, &?;tlah. See Out, and Law.] A person excluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its protection. Blackstone.
Out"law`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outlawing.] [AS. &?;tlagian.]
1. To deprive of the benefit and protection of law; to declare to be an outlaw; to proscribe. Blackstone.
2. To remove from legal jurisdiction or enforcement; as, to outlaw a debt or claim; to deprive of legal force. "Laws outlawed by necessity." Fuller.
Out"law`ry (?), n.; pl. Outlawries (&?;).
1. The act of outlawing; the putting a man out of the protection of law, or the process by which a man (as an absconding criminal) is deprived of that protection.
2. The state of being an outlaw.
Out*lay" (?), v. t. To lay out; to spread out; to display. [R.] Drayton.
Out"lay` (?), n. 1. A laying out or expending.
2. That which is expended; expenditure.
3. An outlying haunt. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Out*leap" (?), v. t. To surpass in leaping.
Out"leap` (?), n. A sally. [R.] Locke.
Out*learn" (?), v. t. 1. To excel or surpass in learing.
2. To learn out [i. e., completely, utterly]; to exhaust knowledge of.
Naught, according to his mind, He could outlearn.
Spenser.
Men and gods have not outlearned it [love].
Emerson.
Out"let` (?), n. The place or opening by which anything is let out; a passage out; an exit; a vent.
Receiving all, and having no outlet.
Fuller.
Out*let" (?), v. t. To let out; to emit. [R.] Daniel.
Out*lie" (?), v. t. To exceed in lying. Bp. Hall.
Out"li`er (?), n. 1. One who does not live where his office, or business, or estate, is. Bentley.
2. That which lies, or is, away from the main body.
3. (Geol.) A part of a rock or stratum lying without, or beyond, the main body, from which it has been separated by denudation.
Out"limb` (?), n. An extreme member or part of a thing; a limb. [Obs.] Fuller.
Out"line` (?), n. 1. (a) The line which marks the outer limits of an object or figure; the exterior line or edge; contour. (b) In art: A line drawn by pencil, pen, graver, or the like, by which the boundary of a figure is indicated. (c) A sketch composed of such lines; the delineation of a figure without shading.
Painters, by their outlines, colors, lights, and shadows, represent the same in their pictures.
Dryden.
2. Fig.: A sketch of any scheme; a preliminary or general indication of a plan, system, course of thought, etc.; as, the outline of a speech.
But that larger grief . . . Is given in outline and no more.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Sketch; draught; delineation. See Sketch.
Out"line`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outlining.] 1. To draw the outline of.
2. Fig.: To sketch out or indicate as by an outline; as, to outline an argument or a campaign.
Out*lin"e*ar (?), a. Of or pertaining to an outline; being in, or forming, an outline. Trench.
Out*live" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outlived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outliving.] To live beyond, or longer than; to survive.
They live too long who happiness outlive.
Dryden.
Out*liv"er (?), n. One who outlives. [R.]
Out*look" (?), v. t. 1. To face down; to outstare.
To outlook conquest, and to win renown.
Shak.
2. To inspect throughly; to select. [Obs.] Cotton.
Out"look`, n. 1. The act of looking out; watch.
2. One who looks out; also, the place from which one looks out; a watchower. Lyon Playfair.
3. The view obtained by one looking out; scope of vision; prospect; sight; appearance.
Applause Which owes to man's short outlook all its charms.
Young.
Out"loose` (?), n. A loosing from; an escape; an outlet; an evasion. [Obs.]
That "whereas" gives me an outloose.
Selden.
Out"lope (?), n. An excursion. [Obs.] Florio.
{ Out*lus"ter, Out*lus"tre } (?), v. t. To excel in brightness or luster. Shak.
Out"ly`ing (?), a. Lying or being at a distance from the central part, or the main body; being on, or beyond, the frontier; exterior; remote; detached.
{ Out`ma*neu"ver, Out`ma*nœu"vre } (?), v. t. To surpass, or get an advantage of, in maneuvering; to outgeneral.
Out*man"tle (?), v. t. To excel in mantling; hence, to excel in splendor, as of dress. [R.]
And with poetic trappings grace thy prose, Till it outmantle all the pride of verse.
Cowper.
Out*march" (?), v. t. To surpass in marching; to march faster than, or so as to leave behind.
Out*meas"ure (?), v. t. To exceed in measure or extent; to measure more than. Sir T. Browne.
Out"most` (?), a. [OE. outemest, utmest, AS. &?;temest, a superl. fr. &?;te out. See Out, Utmost, and cf. Outermost.] Farthest from the middle or interior; farthest outward; outermost.
Out*mount" (?), v. t. To mount above. [R.]
Out*name" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in naming or describing. [R.]
2. To exceed in name, fame, or degree. [Obs.]
And found out one to outname thy other faults.
Beau. & Fl.
Out"ness (?), n. 1. The state of being out or beyond; separateness.
2. (Metaph.) The state or quality of being distanguishable from the perceiving mind, by being in space, and possessing marerial quality; externality; objectivity.
The outness of the objects of sense.
Sir W. Hamiltom.
Out*noise" (?), v. t. To exceed in noise; to surpass in noisiness. [R.] Fuller.
Out*num"ber (?), v. t. To exceed in number.
Out`-of-door" (?), a. Being out of the house; being, or done, in the open air; outdoor; as, out-of- door exercise. See Out of door, under Out, adv.
Amongst out-of-door delights.
G. Eliot.
Out`-of-the-way", a. See under Out, adv.
Out*pace" (?), v. t. [Cf. Outpass.] To outgo; to move faster than; to leave behind. [R.] Lamb.
Out*par"a*mour (?), v. t. To exceed in the number of mistresses. [R.] Shak.
Out"par`ish (?), n. A parish lying without the walls of, or in a remote part of, a town. Graunt.
Out"part` (?), n. An outlying part. [R.] Ayliffe.
Out*pass" (?), v. t. [Cf. Outpace.] To pass beyond; to exceed in progress.
Out*pas"sion (?), v. t. To exceed in passion.
Out"-pa`tient (?), n. A patient who is outside a hospital, but receives medical aid from it.
Out*peer" (?), v. t. To excel. [R.] Shak.
Out*play" (?), v. t. To excel or defeat in a game; to play better than; as, to be outplayed in tennis or ball.
Out*poise" (?), v. t. To outweigh. Howell.
Out"port` (?), n. A harbor or port at some distance from the chief town or seat of trade. Macaulay.
Out"post` (?), n. (Mil.) (a) A post or station without the limits of a camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army, for observation of the enemy. (b) The troops placed at such a station.
Out*pour" (?), v. t. To pour out. Milton.
Out"pour`, n. A flowing out; a free discharge.
Out*pow"er (?), v. t. To excel in power; to overpover. [Obs.] Fuller.
Out*pray" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in prayer.
Out*preach" (?), v. t. To surpass in preaching.
And for a villain's quick conversion A pillory can outpreach a parson.
Trumbull.
Out*prize" (?), v. t. To prize beyong value, or in excess; to exceed in value. [Obs.] Shak.
Out"put` (?), n. 1. The amount of coal or ore put out from one or more mines, or the quantity of material produced by, or turned out from, one or more furnaces or mills, in a given time.
2. (Physiol.) That which is thrown out as products of the metabolic activity of the body; the egesta other than the fæces. See Income.
The output consists of: (a) The respiratory products of the lungs, skin, and alimentary canal, consisting chiefly of carbonic acid and water with small quantities of hydrogen and carbureted hydrogen. (b) Perspiration, consisting chiefly of water and salts. (c) The urine, which is assumed to contain all the nitrogen truly excreted by the body, besides a large quantity of saline matters and water. Foster.
Out*quench" (?), v. t. To quench entirely; to extinguish. "The candlelight outquenched." Spenser.
Out*rage" (?), v. t. [Out + rage.] To rage in excess of. [R.] Young.
Out"rage (?), n. [F. outrage; OF. outre, oltre, beyond (F. outre, L. ultra) + -age, as, in courage, voyage. See Ulterior.] 1. Injurious violence or wanton wrong done to persons or things; a gross violation of right or decency; excessive abuse; wanton mischief; gross injury. Chaucer.
He wrought great outrages, wasting all the country.
Spenser.
2. Excess; luxury. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Syn. -- Affront; insult; abuse. See Affront.
Out"rage (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outragen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outraging (?).] [F. outrager. See Outrage, n.]
1. To commit outrage upon; to subject to outrage; to treat with violence or excessive abuse.
Base and insolent minds outrage men when they have hope of doing it without a return.
Atterbury.
This interview outrages all decency.
Broome.
2. Specifically, to violate; to commit an indecent assault upon (a female).
Out"rage, v. t. To be guilty of an outrage; to act outrageously.
Out*ra"geous (?), a. [OF. outrageus, F. outrageux. See Outrage, n.] Of the nature of an outrage; exceeding the limits of right, reason, or decency; involving or doing an outrage; furious; violent; atrocious. "Outrageous weeping." Chaucer. "The most outrageous villainies." Sir P. Sidney. "The vile, outrageous crimes." Shak. "Outrageous panegyric." Dryden.
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Syn. -- Violent; furious; exorbitant; excessive; atrocious; monstrous; wanton; nefarious; heinous.
-- Out*ra"geous*ly (out*r"js*l), adv. -- Out*ra"geous*ness, n.
||Ou`trance" (`träNs"), n. [F. See OutrÆ.] The utmost or last ||extremity.
||Combat à outrance, a fight to the end, or to the death.
Out*rank" (out*rk"), v. t. To exceed in rank; hence, to take precedence of.
Out*ray" (-r"), v. t. To outshine. [R.] Skelton.
Out*ray", v. i. To spread out in array. [Obs.]
And now they outray to your fleet.
Chapman.
Out*raye" (?), v. i. See Outrage, v. i. [Obs.]
This warn I you, that ye not suddenly Out of yourself for no woe should outraye.
Chaucer.
Out*raze" (?), v. t. To obliterate. [Obs.] Sandys.
||Ou`tré" (?), a. [F., p. p. of outrer to exaggerate, fr. L. ultra ||beyond. See Outrage.] Being out of the common course or limits; ||extravagant; bizarre.
Out*reach" (?), v. t. To reach beyond.
Out*rea"son (?), v. t. To excel or surpass in reasoning; to reason better than. South.
Out*reck"on (?), v. t. To exceed in reckoning or computation. Bp. Pearson.
||Ou`tre*cui`dance" (?), n. [F., fr. outre beyond + cuider to think, L. ||cogitare.] Excessive presumption. [R.] B. Jonson.
Out*rede" (?), v. t. To surpass in giving rede, or counsel. [Obs.] See Atrede. Chaucer.
Out*reign" (?), v. t. To go beyond in reigning; to reign through the whole of, or longer than. [R.] Spenser.
Out*ride" (?), v. t. To surpass in speed of riding; to ride beyond or faster than. Shak.
Out"ride`, n. 1. A riding out; an excursion. [R.]
2. A place for riding out. [R.]
Out"rid`er (?), n. 1. A summoner whose office is to cite men before the sheriff. [Obs.]
2. One who rides out on horseback. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A servant on horseback attending a carriage.
Out"rig`ger (?), n. 1. Any spar or projecting timber run out for temporary use, as from a ship's mast, to hold a rope or a sail extended, or from a building, to support hoisting teckle.
2. (Naut.) (a) A projecting support for a rowlock, extended from the side of a boat. (b) A boat thus equipped. (c) A projecting contrivance at the side of a boat to prevent upsetting, as projecting spars with a log at the end.
Out"right` (?), adv. 1. Immediately; without delay; at once; as, he was killed outright.
2. Completely; utterly. Cardinal Manning.
Out*ring" (?), v. t. To excel in volume of ringing sound; to ring louder than.
Out*ri"val (?), v. t. To surpass in a rivalry.
Out*rive" (?), v. t. To river; to sever. [Obs.] Fairfax.
{ Out"road`, Out"rode` } (?), n. An excursion. [Obs.] "Outrodes by the ways of Judea." Macc. xv. 41 (Geneva Bible).
Out*roar" (?), v. t. To exceed in roaring.
Out`ro*mance" (?), v. t. To exceed in romantic character. [R.] Fuller.
Out"room` (?), n. An outer room. [R.] Fuller.
Out*root" (?), v. t. To eradicate; to extirpate.
Out*run" (?), v. t. [imp. Outran (?); p. p. Outrun; p. pr. & vb. n. Outrunning.] To exceed, or leave behind, in running; to run faster than; to outstrip; to go beyond.
Your zeal outruns my wishes.
Sir W. Scott.
The other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulcher.
Jhon xx. 4.
Out*run"ner (?), n. An offshoot; a branch. [R.] "Some outrunner of the river." Lauson.
Out*rush" (?), v. i. To rush out; to issue, or ru&?; out, forcibly. Garth.
Out*sail" (?), v. t. To excel, or to leave behind, in sailing; to sail faster than. Beau. & Fl.
Out*scent" (?), v. t. To exceed in odor. Fuller.
Out*scold" (?), v. t. To exceed in scolding. Shak.
Out*scorn" (?), v. t. To confront, or subdue, with greater scorn. Shak.
Out"scour`ing (?), n. That which is scoured out o&?; washed out. Buckland.
Out*scout" (?), v. t. To overpower by disdain; to outface. [Obs.] Marston.
Out*see" (?), v. t. To see beyond; to excel in cer&?;ainty of seeing; to surpass in foresight.
Out*sell" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in amount of sales; to sell more than.
2. To exceed in the price of selling; to fetch more than; to exceed in value. Fuller. Shak.
Out"sen`try (?), n. (Mil.) A sentry who guards the entrance or approach to a place; an outguard.
Out"set` (?), n. A setting out, starting, or beginning. "The outset of a political journey." Burke.
Giving a proper direction to this outset of life.
J. Hawes.
Out"set`tler (?), n. One who settles at a distance, or away, from others.
Out*shine" (?), v. i. To shine forth. "Bright, outshining beams." Shak.
Out*shine", v. t. To excel in splendor.
A throne of royal state, which far Outshone the wealth of Ormus and of Ind.
Milton.
Out*shoot" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in shooting; to shoot beyond. Bacon.
Men are resolved never to outshoot their forefathers' mark.
Norris.
Out*shut" (?), v. t. To shut out. [R.] Donne.
Out"side` (?), n. 1. The external part of a thing; the part, end, or side which forms the surface; that which appears, or is manifest; that which is superficial; the exterior.
There may be great need of an outside where there is little or nothing within.
South.
Created beings see nothing but our outside.
Addison.
2. The part or space which lies without an inclosure; the outer side, as of a door, walk, or boundary.
I threw open the door of my chamber, and found the family standing on the outside.
Spectator.
3. The furthest limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc.; the utmost; as, it may last a week at the outside.
4. One who, or that which, is without; hence, an outside passenger, as distinguished from one who is inside. See Inside, n. 3. [Colloq. Eng.]
Out"side` (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the outside; external; exterior; superficial.
2. Reaching the extreme or farthest limit, as to extent, quantity, etc.; as, an outside estimate. [Colloq.]
Outside finish (Arch.), a term for the minor parts, as corner boards, hanging stiles, etc., required to complete the exterior of a wooden building; -- rare in masonry.
Out"side` (?), adv. or prep. On or to the outside (of); without; on the exterior; as, to ride outside the coach; he stayed outside.
Out`sid"er (?), n. 1. One not belonging to the concern, institution, party, etc., spoken of; one disconnected in interest or feeling. [Recent] A. Trollope.
2. A locksmith's pinchers for grasping the point of a key in the keyhole, to open a door from the outside when the key is inside.
3. A horse which is not a favorite in the betting. [Cant]
Out*sing" (?), v. t. To surpass in singing.
Out*sit" (?), v. t. To remain sitting, or in session, longer than, or beyond the time of; to outstay.
Out"skirt` (?), n. A part remote from the center; outer edge; border; -- usually in the plural; as, the outskirts of a town. Wordsworth.
The outskirts of his march of mystery.
Keble.
Out*sleep" (?), v. t. To exceed in sleeping. Shak.
Out*slide" (?), v. i. To slide outward, onward, or forward; to advance by sliding. [Poetic]
At last our grating keels outslide.
Whittier.
Out*soar" (?), v. t. To soar beyond or above.
Out"sole` (?), n. The outside sole of a boot or shoe.
Out*sound" (?), v. t. To surpass in sounding.
Out*span" (?), v. t. & i. [D. uitspannen.] To unyoke or disengage, as oxen from a wagon. [S. Africa]
Out*spar"kle (?), v. t. To exceed in sparkling.
Out*speak" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in speaking.
2. To speak openly or boldly. T. Campbell.
3. To express more than. Shak.
Out*speed" (?), v. t. To excel in speed.
Outspeed the realized miracles of steam.
Talfourd.
Out"spend` (?), n. Outlay; expenditure. [R.]
A mere outspend of savageness.
I. Taylor.
Out*spin" (?), v. t. To spin out; to finish.
Out*spo"ken (?), a. Speaking, or spoken, freely, openly, or boldly; as, an outspoken man; an outspoken rebuke. -- Out*spo"ken*ness, n.
Out*sport" (?), v. t. To exceed in sporting. [R.] "Not to outsport discretion." Shak.
Out*spread" (?), v. t. To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
Out*spring" (?), v. i. To spring out; to issue.
Out*stand" (?), v. i. To stand out, or project, from a surface or mass; hence, to remain standing out.
Out*stand", v. t. 1. To resist effectually; to withstand; to sustain without yielding. [R.] Woodward.
2. To stay beyond. "I have outstood my time." Shak.
Out*stand"ing, a. That stands out; undischarged; uncollected; not paid; as, outstanding obligations.
Revenues . . . as well outstanding as collected.
A. Hamilton.
Out*stare" (?), v. t. To excel or overcome in staring; to face down.
I would outstare the sternest eyes that look.
Shak.
Out*start" (?), v. i. To start out or up. Chaucer.
Out*stay" (?), v. t. To stay beyond or longer than.
She concluded to outstay him.
Mad. D' Arblay.
Out*step" (?), v. t. To exceed in stepping.
Out*storm" (?), v. t. To exceed in storming.
Insults the tempest and outstorms the skies.
J. Barlow.
Out"street` (?), n. A street remote from the center of a town. Johnson.
Out*stretch" (?), v. t. To stretch out. Milton.
Out*stride" (?), v. t. To surpass in striding.
Out*strike" (?), v. t. To strike out; to strike faster than. Shak.
Out*strip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Outstripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Outstripping.] To go faster than; to outrun; to advance beyond; to leave behing.
Appetites which . . . had outstripped the hours.
Southey.
He still outstript me in the race.
Tennyson.
Out*suf"fer (?), v. t. To exceed in suffering.
Out*swear" (?), v. t. To exceed in swearing.
Out*sweet"en (?), v. t. To surpass in sweetness. [R.] Shak.
Out*swell" (?), v. t. 1. To exceed in swelling.
2. To swell beyond; to overflow. [Obs.] Hewyt.
Out*take" (?), prep. Except. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.
Out*tak"en (?), p. p. or prep. Excepted; save. [Obs.] Wyclif. Chaucer.
Out*talk" (?), v. t. To overpower by talking; to exceed in talking; to talk down. Shak.
Out*tell" (?), v. t. To surpass in telling, counting, or reckoning. "I have outtold the clock." Beau. & Fl.
Out"term` (?), n. An external or superficial thing; outward manner; superficial remark, etc. [Obs.]
Not to bear cold forms, nor men's outterms.
B. Jonson.
Out*throw" (?), v. t. 1. To throw out. Spenser.
2. To excel in throwing, as in ball playing.
Out*toil" (?), v. t. To exceed in toiling.
Out*tongue" (?), v. t. To silence by talk, clamor, or noise. [R.] Shak.
Out*top" (?), v. t. To overtop. [Obs.]
Out*trav"el (?), v. t. To exceed in speed o&?; distance traveled. Mad. D' Arblay.
Out*twine" (?), v. t. To disentangle. [Obs.]
Out*val"ue (?), v. t. To exceed in value. Boyle.
Out*ven"om (?), v. t. To exceed in venom.
Out*vie" (?), v. t. To exceed in vying. Dryden.
Out*vil"lain (?), v. t. To exceed in villainy.
Out*voice" (?), v. t. To exceed in noise. Shak.
Out*vote" (?), v. t. To exceed in the number of votes given; to defeat by votes. South.
Out*walk" (?), v. t. To excel in walking; to leave behind in walking. B. Jonson.
Out"wall` (?), n. The exterior wall; the outside surface, or appearance. Shak.
{ Out"ward (?), Out"wards (?), } adv. [AS. &?;teweard. See Out, and -ward, -wards.] From the interior part; in a direction from the interior toward the exterior; out; to the outside; beyond; off; away; as, a ship bound outward.
The wrong side may be turned outward.
Shak.
Light falling on them is not reflected outwards.
Sir I. Newton.
Outward bound, bound in an outward direction or to foreign parts; -- said especially of vessels, and opposed to homeward bound.
Out"ward, a. 1. Forming the superficial part; external; exterior; -- opposed to inward; as, an outward garment or layer.
Though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.
Cor. iv. 16.
2. Of or pertaining to the outer surface or to what is external; manifest; public. "Sins outward." Chaucer.
An outward honor for an inward toil.
Shak.
3. Foreign; not civil or intestine; as, an outward war. [Obs.] Hayward.
4. Tending to the exterior or outside.
The fire will force its outward way.
Dryden.
-- Out"ward*ly, adv. -- Out"ward*ness, n.
Outward stroke. (Steam Engine) See under Stroke.
Out"ward, n. External form; exterior. [R.]
So fair an outward and such stuff within.
Shak.
Out"wards (?), adv. See Outward, adv.
Out*watch" (?), v. t. To exceed in watching.
Out"way` (?), n. A way out; exit. [R.]
In divers streets and outways multiplied.
P. Fletcher.
Out*wear" (?), v. t. 1. To wear out; to consume or destroy by wearing. Milton.
2. To last longer than; to outlast; as, this cloth will outwear the other. "If I the night outwear." Pope.
Out*wea"ry (?), v. t. To weary out. Cowley.
Out*weed" (?), v. t. To weed out. [Obs.]
Out*weep" (?), v. t. To exceed in weeping.
Out*weigh" (?), v. t. To exceed in weight or value.
Out*well" (?), v. t. To pour out. [Obs.] Spenser.
Out*well", v. i. To issue forth. Thomson.
Out*went" (?), imp. of Outgo.
Out*whore" (?), v. t. To exceed in lewdness.
Out*win" (?), v. t. To win a way out of. [Obs.]
Out*wind" (?), v. t. To extricate by winding; to unloose. [R.] Spenser. Dr. H. More.
Out*wing" (?), v. t. To surpass, exceed, or outstrip in flying. Garth.
Out*wit" (?), v. t. To surpass in wisdom, esp. in cunning; to defeat or overreach by superior craft.
They did so much outwit and outwealth us !
Gauden.
Out"wit (?), n. The faculty of acquiring wisdom by observation and experience, or the wisdom so acquired; -- opposed to inwit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Out*woe" (?), v. t. To exceed in woe. [Obs.]
Out*work" (?), v. t. To exceed in working; to work more or faster than.
Out"work` (?), n. (Fort.) A minor defense constructed beyond the main body of a work, as a ravelin, lunette, hornwork, etc. Wilhelm.
Out*worth" (?), v. t. To exceed in worth. [R.]
Out*wrest" (?), v. t. To extort; to draw from or forth by violence. [Obs.] Spenser.
Out*write" (?), v. t. To exceed or excel in writing.
Out*za"ny (?), v. t. To exceed in buffoonery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Ou*va"ro*vite (?), n. [Named from the Russian Count Uvaroff.] (Min.) Chrome garnet.
Ouze (?), n. & v. See Ooze. [Obs.]
Ou"zel (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Ousel.
The mellow ouzel fluted in the elm.
Tennyson.
||O"va (?), n. pl. See Ovum.
O"val (?), a. [F. ovale, fr. L. ovum egg. Cf. Egg, Ovum.] 1. Of or pertaining to eggs; done in the egg, or inception; as, oval conceptions. [Obs.]
2. Having the figure of an egg; oblong and curvilinear, with one end broader than the other, or with both ends of about the same breadth; in popular usage, elliptical.
3. (Bot.) Broadly elliptical.
Oval chuck (Mech.), a lathe chuck so constructed that work attached to it, and cut by the turning tool in the usual manner, becomes of an oval form.
O"val, n. A body or figure in the shape of an egg, or popularly, of an ellipse.
Cassinian oval (Geom.), the locus of a point the product of whose distances from two fixed points is constant; -- so called from Cassini, who first investigated the curve. Thus, in the diagram, if P moves so that P A.P B is constant, the point P describes a Cassinian oval. The locus may consist of a single closed line, as shown by the dotted line, or of two equal ovals about the points A and B.
<! p. 1021 !>
{ O`val*bu"min (?), O`val*bu"men (?), } n. [Ovum + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) The albumin from white of eggs; egg albumin; -- in distinction from serum albumin. See Albumin.
O*val"i*form (?), a. [Oval + -form.] Having the form of an egg; having a figure such that any section in the direction of the shorter diameter will be circular, and any in the direction of the longer diameter will be oval.
O"val*ly (?), adv. In an oval form.
O"vant (?), a. [L. ovans triumphant, p. pr. of ovare to exult.] Exultant. [Obs.] Holland.
{ O*va"ri*an (?), O*va"ri*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to an ovary.
O*va"ri*ole (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are composed.
O*va`ri*ot"o*mist (?), n. One who performs, or is skilled in, ovariotomy.
O*va`ri*ot"o*my (?), n. [Ovarium + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of removing one or both of the ovaries; oöphorectomy.
O*va"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of eggs; as, ovarious food. [R.] Thomson.
||O`va*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Ovarium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation ||of the ovaries.
||O*va"ri*um (?), n.; pl. L. Ovaria (#), E. Ovariums (#). [NL.] An ||ovary. See Ovary.
O"va*ry (?), n.; pl. Ovaries (#). [NL. ovarium, fr. L. ovum egg: cf. F. ovaire. See Oval.] 1. (Bot.) That part of the pistil which contains the seed, and in most flowering plants develops into the fruit. See Illust. of Flower.
2. (Zoöl. & Anat.) The essential female reproductive organ in which the ova are produced. See Illust. of Discophora.
O"vate (?), a. [L. ovatus, from ovum egg. See Oval.]
1. Shaped like an egg, with the lower extremity broadest.
2. (Bot.) Having the shape of an egg, or of the longitudinal sectior of an egg, with the broader end basal. Gray.
O"vate-a*cu"mi*nate (?), a. Having an ovate form, but narrowed at the end into a slender point.
O"vate-cyl`in*dra"ceous (?), a. Having a form intermediate between ovate and cylindraceous.
O"va*ted (?), a. Ovate.
O"vate-lan"ce*o*late (?), a. Having a form intermediate between ovate and lanceolate.
O"vate-ob"long (?), a. Oblong. with one end narrower than the other; ovato-oblong.
O"vate-ro*tund"ate (?), a. Having a form intermediate between that of an egg and a sphere; roundly ovate.
O"vate-su"bu*late (?), a. Having an ovate form, but with a subulate tip or extremity.
O*va"tion (?), n. [L. ovatio, fr. ovare to exult, rejoice, triumph in an ovation; cf. Gr. &?; to shout: cf. F. ovation.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A lesser kind of triumph allowed to a commander for an easy, bloodless victory, or a victory over slaves.
2. Hence: An expression of popular homage; the tribute of the multitude to a public favorite.
To rain an April of ovation round Their statues.
Tennyson.
O*va"to-a*cu"mi*nate (?), a. Same as Ovate-acuminate.
O*va"to-cyl`in*dra"ceous (?), a. Same as Ovate-cylindraceous.
O*va"to-ob"long (?), a. Same as Ovate-oblong.
O*va"to-ro*tund"ate (?), a. Same as Ovate-rotundate.
Ov"en (?), n. [AS. ofen; akin to D. oven, OHG. ofan, ovan, G. ofen, Icel. ofn, Dan. ovn, Sw. ugn, Goth. aúhns, Gr. &?;, Skr. ukh pot.] A place arched over with brick or stonework, and used for baking, heating, or drying; hence, any structure, whether fixed or portable, which may be heated for baking, drying, etc.; esp., now, a chamber in a stove, used for baking or roasting.
Ov"en*bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of the genus Furnarius, allied to the creepers. They inhabit South America and the West Indies, and construct curious oven-shaped nests. (b) In the United States, Seiurus aurocapillus; -- called also golden-crowned thrush. (c) In England, sometimes applied to the willow warbler, and to the long-tailed titmouse.
O"ver (?), prep. [AS. ofer; akin to D. over, G. über, OHG. ubir, ubar, Dan. over, Sw. öfver, Icel. yfir, Goth. ufar, L. super, Gr. &?;, Skr. upari. &?;199. Cf. Above, Eaves, Hyper-, Orlop, Super-, Sovereign, Up.] 1. Above, or higher than, in place or position, with the idea of covering; -- opposed to under; as, clouds are over our heads; the smoke rises over the city.
The mercy seat that is over the testimony.
Ex. xxx. 6.
Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning.
Longfellow.
2. Across; from side to side of; -- implying a passing or moving, either above the substance or thing, or on the surface of it; as, a dog leaps over a stream or a table.
Certain lakes . . . poison birds which fly over them.
Bacon.
3. Upon the surface of, or the whole surface of; hither and thither upon; throughout the whole extent of; as, to wander over the earth; to walk over a field, or over a city.
4. Above; -- implying superiority in excellence, dignity, condition, or value; as, the advantages which the Christian world has over the heathen. Swift.
5. Above in authority or station; -- implying government, direction, care, attention, guard, responsibility, etc.; -- opposed to under.
Thou shalt be over my house.
Gen. xli. 40.
I will make thee rules over many things.
Matt. xxv. 23.
Dost thou not watch over my sin ?
Job xiv. 16.
His tender mercies are over all his works.
Ps. cxlv. 9.
6. Across or during the time of; from beginning to end of; as, to keep anything over night; to keep corn over winter.
7. Above the perpendicular height or length of, with an idea of measurement; as, the water, or the depth of water, was over his head, over his shoes.
8. Beyond; in excess of; in addition to; more than; as, it cost over five dollars. "Over all this." Chaucer.
9. Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding; as, he triumphed over difficulties; the bill was passed over the veto.
Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er.
Over his signature (or name) is a substitute for the idiomatic English form, under his signature (name, hand and seal, etc.), the reference in the latter form being to the authority under which the writing is made, executed, or published, and not the place of the autograph, etc.
Over all (Her.), placed over or upon other bearings, and therefore hinding them in part; -- said of a charge. -- Over head and ears, beyond one's depth; completely; wholly; hopelessly; as, over head and ears in debt. [Colloq.] -- Over the left. See under Left. -- To run over (Mach.), to have rotation in such direction that the crank pin traverses the upper, or front, half of its path in the forward, or outward, stroke; -- said of a crank which drives, or is driven by, a reciprocating piece.
O"ver (?), adv. 1. From one side to another; from side to side; across; crosswise; as, a board, or a tree, a foot over, i. e., a foot in diameter.
2. From one person or place to another regarded as on the opposite side of a space or barrier; -- used with verbs of motion; as, to sail over to England; to hand over the money; to go over to the enemy. "We will pass over to Gibeah." Judges xix. 12. Also, with verbs of being: At, or on, the opposite side; as, the boat is over.
3. From beginning to end; throughout the course, extent, or expanse of anything; as, to look over accounts, or a stock of goods; a dress covered over with jewels.
4. From inside to outside, above or across the brim.
Good measure, pressed down . . . and running over.
Luke vi. 38.
5. Beyond a limit; hence, in excessive degree or quantity; superfluously; with repetition; as, to do the whole work over. "So over violent." Dryden.
He that gathered much had nothing over.
Ex. xvi. 18.
6. In a manner to bring the under side to or towards the top; as, to turn (one's self) over; to roll a stone over; to turn over the leaves; to tip over a cart.
7. At an end; beyond the limit of continuance; completed; finished. "Their distress was over." Macaulay. "The feast was over." Sir W. Scott.
Over, out, off, and similar adverbs, are often used in the predicate with the sense and force of adjectives, agreeing in this respect with the adverbs of place, here, there, everywhere, nowhere; as, the games were over; the play is over; the master was out; his hat is off.
Over is much used in composition, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as in overcast, overflow, to cast or flow so as to spread over or cover; overhang, to hang above; overturn, to turn so as to bring the underside towards the top; overact, overreach, to act or reach beyond, implying excess or superiority.
All over. (a) Over the whole; upon all parts; completely; as, he is spatterd with mud all over. (b) Wholly over; at an end; as, it is all over with him. -- Over again, once more; with repetition; afresh; anew. Dryden. -- Over against, opposite; in front. Addison. -- Over and above, in a manner, or degree, beyond what is supposed, defined, or usual; besides; in addition; as, not over and above well. "He . . . gained, over and above, the good will of all people." L' Estrange. -- Over and over, repeatedly; again and again. -- To boil over. See under Boil, v. i. -- To come it over, To do over, To give over, etc. See under Come, Do, Give, etc. -- To throw over, to abandon; to betray. Cf. To throw overboard, under Overboard.
O"ver, a. Upper; covering; higher; superior; also, excessive; too much or too great; -- chiefly used in composition; as, overshoes, overcoat, over- garment, overlord, overwork, overhaste.
O"ver, n. (Cricket) A certain number of balls (usually four) delivered successively from behind one wicket, after which the ball is bowled from behind the other wicket as many times, the fielders changing places.
O`ver*a*bound" (?), v. i. To be exceedingly plenty or superabundant. Pope.
O`ver*act" (?), v. t. 1. To act or perform to excess; to exaggerate in acting; as, he overacted his part.
2. To act upon, or influence, unduly. [Obs.]
The hope of inheritance overacts them.
Milton.
O`ver*act" (?), v. i. To act more than is necessary; to go to excess in action. B. Jonson.
O"ver*ac"tion (?), n. Per&?;ormance to excess; exaggerated or excessive action.
O`ver*af*fect" (?), v. t. To affect or care for unduly. [Obs.] Milton.
O`ver*ag"i*tate (?), v. t. To agitate or discuss beyond what is expedient. Bp. Hall.
O"ver*all (?), adv. Everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O"ver*alls (?), n. pl. 1. A kind of loose trousers worn over others to protect them from soiling.
2. Waterproof leggings. R. D. Blackmore.
O"ver*anx*i"e*ty (?), n. The state of being overanxious; excessive anxiety.
O"ver*anx"ious (?), a. Anxious in an excessive or needless degree. -- O"ver*anx"ious*ly, adv.
O`ver*arch" (?), v. t. & i. To make or place an arch over; to hang over like an arch. "Brown with o'erarching shades." Pope.
O"ver-arm` (?), a. (Cricket, etc.) Done (as bowling or pitching) with the arm raised above the shoulder. See Overhard. "An over-arm with a round-arm bowler." R. A. Proctor.
O`ver*awe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overawing.] To awe exceedingly; to subjugate or restrain by awe or great fear.
The king was present in person to overlook the magistrates, and overawe these subjects with the terror of his sword.
Spenser.
O"ver*aw"ful (?), a. Awful, or reverential, in an excessive degree. [R.] Milton.
O`ver*bal"ance (?), v. t. 1. To exceed equality with; to outweigh. Locke.
2. To cause to lose balance or equilibrium.
O"ver*bal`ance (?), n. Excess of weight or value; something more than an equivalent; as, an overbalance of exports. J. Edwards.
O"ver*bar"ren (?), a. Excessively barren.
O"ver*bat"tle (?), a. [Over + battle, a.] Excessively fertile; bearing rank or noxious growths. [Obs.] "Overbattle grounds." Hooker.
O`ver*bear" (?), v. t. 1. To bear down or carry down, as by excess of weight, power, force, etc.; to overcome; to suppress.
The point of reputation, when the news first came of the battle lost, did overbear the reason of war.
Bacon.
Overborne with weight the Cyprians fell.
Dryden.
They are not so ready to overbear the adversary who goes out of his own country to meet them.
Jowett (Thucyd. )
2. To domineer over; to overcome by insolence.
O`ver*bear", v. i. To bear fruit or offspring to excess; to be too prolific.
O`ver*bear"ing, a. 1. Overpowering; subduing; repressing. I. Watts.
2. Aggressively haughty; arrogant; domineering; tyrannical; dictatorial; insolent.
--O`ver*bear"ing*ly, adv. -- O`ver*bear"ing*ness, n.
O`ver*bend" (?), v. t. To bend to excess.
O`ver*bend", v. i. To bend over. [R.]
O`ver*bid" (?), v. t. To bid or offer beyond, or in excess of. Dryden.
O`ver*bide" (?), v. t. To outlive. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O`ver*blow" (?), v. i. 1. To blow over, or be subdued. [R.] Spenser.
2. (Mus.) To force so much wind into a pipe that it produces an overtone, or a note higher than the natural note; thus, the upper octaves of a flute are produced by overblowing.
O`ver*blow", v. t. To blow away; to dissipate by wind, or as by wind.
When this cloud of sorrow's overblown.
Waller.
O"ver*board` (?), adv. Over the side of a ship; hence, from on board of a ship, into the water; as, to fall overboard.
To throw overboard, to discard; to abandon, as a dependent or friend.
O`ver*boil" (?), v. i. To boil over or unduly.
Nor is discontent to keep the mind Deep in its fountain, lest it overboil In the hot throng.
Byron.
O`ver*bold" (?), a. Excessively or presumptuously bold; impudent. Shak. -- O"ver*bold"ly, adv.
O"ver*book"ish (?), a. Excessively bookish.
O"ver*boun"te*ous, a. Bounteous to excess.
O`ver*bow" (?), v. t. To bend or bow over; to bend in a contrary direction. [Obs.] Fuller.
O`ver*breed" (?), v. t. To breed to excess.
O`ver*brim" (?), v. i. To flow over the brim; to be so full as to overflow. [R.]
O`ver*brow" (?), v. t. To hang over like a brow; to impend over. [Poetic] Longfellow.
Did with a huge projection overbrow Large space beneath.
Wordsworth.
O`ver*build" (?), v. t. 1. To build over. Milton.
2. To build too much; to build beyond the demand.
O`ver*built" (?), a. Having too many buildings; as, an overbuilt part of a town.
O`ver*bulk" (?), v. t. To oppress by bulk; to overtower. [Obs. & R.] Shak.
O`ver*bur"den (?), v. t. To load with too great weight or too much care, etc. Sir P. Sidney.
O"ver*bur`den, n. The waste which overlies good stone in a quarry. Raymond.
O"ver*bur"den*some (?), a. Too burdensome.
O`ver*burn" (?), v. t. & i. To burn too much; to be overzealous.
O"ver-bus"y (?), a. Too busy; officious.
O`ver*buy" (?), v. t. 1. To buy too much.
2. To buy at too dear a rate. Dryden.
O`ver*can"o*py (?), v. t. To cover as with a canopy. Shak.
O`ver*ca"pa*ble (?), a. Too capable. [R.]
Overcapable of such pleasing errors.
Hooker.
O"ver*care" (?), n. Excessive care. Dryden.
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O"ver*care"ful (?), a. Too careful. Shak.
O"ver*cark"ing (?), a. Too anxious; too full of care. [Archaic] Fuller.
O`ver*car"ry (?), v. t. & i. To carry too far; to carry beyond the proper point. Hayward.
O`ver*cast" (?), v. t. 1. To cast or cover over; hence, to cloud; to darken.
Those clouds that overcast your morn shall fly.
Dryden.
2. To compute or rate too high. Bacon.
3. (Sewing) To take long, loose stitches over (the raw edges of a seam) to prevent raveling.
O`ver*catch" (?), v. t. To overtake. [Obs.]
O"ver*cau"tious (?), a. Too cautious; cautious or prudent to excess. -- O"ver*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- O"ver*cau"tiou*ness, n.
O"ver*change` (?), n. Too much or too frequent change; fickleness. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
O`ver*charge" (?), v. t. [Cf. Supercharge, Surcharge.]
1. To charge or load too heavily; to burden; to oppress; to cloy. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. To fill too full; to crowd.
Our language is overcharged with consonants.
Addison.
3. To charge excessively; to charge beyond a fair rate or price.
4. To exaggerate; as, to overcharge a description.
Overcharged mine. (Mil.) See Globe of compression, under Globe.
O`ver*charge", v. i. To make excessive charges.
O"ver*charge` (?), n. [Cf. Supercargo, Supercharge.]
1. An excessive load or burden.
2. An excessive charge in an account.
O`ver*climb" (?), v. t. To climb over. Surrey.
O`ver*cloud" (?), v. t. To cover or overspread with clouds; to becloud; to overcast.
O`ver*cloy" (?), v. t. To fill beyond satiety. Shak.
O"ver*coat` (?), n. [Cf. Surcoat.] A coat worn over the other clothing; a greatcoat; a topcoat.
O"ver*cold" (?), a. Cold to excess. Wiseman.
O`ver*col"or (?), v. t. To color too highly.
O`ver*come" (?), v. t. [imp. Overcame (?); p. p. Overcome; p. pr & vb. n. Overcoming.] [AS. ofercuman. See Over, Come, and cf. Supervene.]
1. To get the better of; to surmount; to conquer; to subdue; as, to overcome enemies in battle.
This wretched woman overcome Of anguish, rather than of crime, hath been.
Spenser.
2. To overflow; to surcharge. [Obs.] J. Philips.
3. To come or pass over; to spreads over. [Obs.]
And overcome us like a summer's cloud.
Shak.
Syn. -- To conquer; subdue; vanquish; overpower; overthrow; overturn; defeat; crush; overbear; overwhelm; prostrate; beat; surmount. See Conquer.
O`ver*come", v. i. To gain the superiority; to be victorious. Rev. iii. 21.
O`ver*com"er (?), n. One who overcomes.
O`ver*com"ing (?), a. Conquering; subduing. -- O`ver*com"ing*ly, adv.
O"ver*con"fi*dence (?), n. Excessive confidence; too great reliance or trust.
O"ver*con"fi*dent (?), a. Confident to excess. -- O"ver*con"fi*dent*ly, adv.
O"ver*cost"ly (?), a. Too costly. Milton.
O`ver*count" (?), v. t. To rate too high; to outnumber. Shak.
O`ver*cov"er (?), v. t. To cover up. Shak.
O"ver*cred"u*lous (?), a. Too credulous.
O`ver*crow" (?), v. t. To crow, exult, or boast, over; to overpower. Spenser. Shak.
O`ver*crowd" (?), v. t. To crowd too much.
O"ver*cun"ning (?), a. Exceedingly or excessively cunning.
O"ver*cu"ri*ous (?), a. Too curious.
O`ver*dare" (?), v. t. & i. To dare too much or rashly; to be too daring.
O`ver*date" (?), v. t. To date later than the true or proper period. Milton.
O"ver*deal` (?), n. The excess. [Obs.]
The overdeal in the price will be double.
Holland.
O"ver*del"i*cate (?), a. Too delicate.
O"ver*de*light"ed (?), a. Delighted beyond measure.
O"ver*dight" (?), a. Covered over. [Obs.] Spenser.
O`ver*do" (?), v. t. [imp. Overdid (?); p. p. Overdone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overdoing.] 1. To do too much; to exceed what is proper or true in doing; to exaggerate; to carry too far.
Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing.
Shak.
2. To overtask. or overtax; to fatigue; to exhaust; as, to overdo one's strength.
3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] Tennyson.
4. To cook too much; as, to overdo the meat.
O`ver*do", v. i. To labor too hard; to do too much.
O`ver*do"er (?), n. One who overdoes.
O`ver*dose" (?), v. t. To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to.
O"ver*dose`, n. Too great a dose; an excessive dose.
O`ver*draw" (?), v. t. [imp. Overdrew (?); p. p. Overdrawn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overdrawing.]
1. To exaggerate; to overdo.
2. (Banking) To make drafts upon or against, in excess of the proper amount or limit.
O`ver*dress" (?), v. t. To dress or adorn to excess; to dress too much. Pope.
O`ver*drink" (?), v. t. & i. To drink to excess.
O`ver*drive" (?), v. t. & i. To drive too hard, or far, or beyond strength.
O`ver*drown" (?), v. t. To wet or drench to excess. [Obs.] W. Browne.
O`ver*dry" (?), v. t. To dry too much. Burton.
O"ver*due" (?), a. Due and more than due; delayed beyond the proper time of arrival or payment, etc.; as, an overdue vessel; an overdue note.
O`ver*dye" (?), v. t. To dye with excess of color; to put one color over (another). Shak.
O`ver*ea"ger (?), a. Too eager; too impatient. -- O`ver*ea"ger*ly, adv. -- O"ver*ea"ger*ness, n.
O`ver*ear"nest (?), a. Too earnest. -- O"ver*ear"nest*ly, adv. -- O"ver*ear"nest*ness, n.
O`ver*eat" (?), v. t. & i. 1. To gnaw all over, or on all sides. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To eat to excess; -- often with a reflexive.
O"ver*el"e*gant (?), a. Too elegant. Johnson.
O`ver*emp"ty (?), v. t. To make too empty; to exhaust. [R.] Carew.
O"ver*est (?), a. [Superl. of Over.] Uppermost; outermost.
Full threadbare was his overeste courtepy.
Chaucer.
O`ver*es"ti*mate (?), v. t. To estimate too highly; to overvalue.
O`ver*es"ti*mate (?), n. An estimate that is too high; as, an overestimate of the vote.
O`ver*ex*cite" (?), v. t. To excite too much.
O"ver*ex*cite"ment (?), n. Excess of excitement; the state of being overexcited.
O`ver*ex*ert" (?), v. t. To exert too much.
O"ver*ex*er"tion (?), n. Excessive exertion.
O"ver*ex"qui*site (?), a. Too exquisite; too exact or nice; too careful.
O`ver*eye" (?), v. t. 1. To superintend; to oversee; to inspect. [Obs.]
2. To see; to observe. [Obs.] Shak.
O"ver*fall` (?), n. 1. A cataract; a waterfall. [Obs.]
2. (Naut.) A turbulent surface of water, caused by strong currents setting over submerged ridges; also, a dangerous submerged ridge or shoal.
O"ver*fa*tigue" (?), n. Excessive fatigue.
O`ver*fa*tigue", v. t. To fatigue to excess; to tire out.
O`ver*feed" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Overfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overfeeding.] To feed to excess; to surfeit.
O"ver*fierce" (?), a. Excessively fierce.
o`ver*fill" (?), v. t. To fill to excess; to surcharge.
O`ver*fish" (?), v. t. To fish to excess.
O`ver*float" (?), v. t. To overflow. [R.] Dryden.
O`ver*flour"ish (?), v. t. 1. To make excessive display or flourish of. Collier.
2. To embellish with outward ornaments or flourishes; to varnish over. [Obs.] Shak.
O`ver*flow" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overflowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overflowing.] [AS. oferfl&?;wan. See Over, and Flow.] 1. To flow over; to cover woth, or as with, water or other fluid; to spread over; to inundate; to overwhelm.
The northern nations overflowed all Christendom.
Spenser.
2. To flow over the brim of; to fill more than full.
O`ver*flow", v. i. 1. To run over the bounds.
2. To be superabundant; to abound. Rogers.
O"ver*flow` (?), n. 1. A flowing over, as of water or other fluid; an inundation. Bacon.
2. That which flows over; a superfluous portion; a superabundance. Shak.
3. An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid.
Overflow meeting, a meeting constituted of the surplus or overflow of another audience.
O`ver*flow"ing (?), n. An overflow; that which overflows; exuberance; copiousness.
He was ready to bestow the overflowings of his full mind on anybody who would start a subject.
Macaulay.
O`ver*flow"ing*ly, adv. In great abundance; exuberantly. Boyle.
O`ver*flush" (?), v. t. To flush to excess. [R.]
O`ver*flut"ter (?), v. t. To flutter over.
O"ver*flux` (?), n. Overflow; exuberance. [R.]
O`ver*fly" (?), v. t. [imp. Overflew (?); p. p. Overflown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overflying.] To cross or pass over by flight. Byron.
O"ver*fond" (?), a. Fond to excess. Milton.
-- O"ver*fond"ly, adv. -- O"ver*fond"ness, n.
O"ver*force` (?), n. Excessive force; violence.
O"ver*for"ward (?), a. Forward to excess; too forward. -- O"ver*for"ward*ness, n.
O"ver*free" (?), a. Free to excess; too liberal; too familiar. -- O"ver*free"ly, adv.
O`ver*freight" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overfreighted (Overfraught (?), obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Overfreighting.] To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too heavily; to overload.
O"ver*fre"quent (?), a. Too frequent.
O`ver*frieze" (?), v. t. To cover with a frieze, or as with a frieze. E. Hall.
O`ver*front" (?), v. t. To confront; to oppose; to withstand. [Obs.] Milton.
O"ver*fruit"ful (?), a. Too fruitful.
O"ver*full" (?), a. [AS. oferfull.] Too full; filled to overflowing; excessively full; surfeited. Shak.
O"ver*full"ness, n. The state of being excessively or abnormally full, so as to cause overflow, distention, or congestion; excess of fullness; surfeit.
O"ver-gar`ment (?), n. An outer garment.
O`ver*gar"ri*son (?), v. t. To garrison to excess.
O`ver*gaze" (?), v. t. To gaze; to overlook. [Poetic] "Earth's o'ergazing mountains." Byron.
O`ver*get" (?), v. t. 1. To reach; to overtake; to pass. [Obs.]
2. To get beyond; to get over or recover from. [R.]
O`ver*gild" (?), v. t. [AS. ofergyldan.] To gild over; to varnish.
O`ver*gird" (?), v. t. To gird too closely. [R.]
O`ver*give" (?), v. t. To give over; to surrender; to yield. [Obs.] Spenser.
O"ver*glad" (?), a. Excessively or unduly glad.
O`ver*glance" (?), v. t. To glance over.
O`ver*glide" (?), v. t. To glide over. Wyatt.
O`ver*gloom" (?), v. t. To spread gloom over; to make gloomy; to overshadow. [R.]
Overgloomed by memories of sorrow.
De Quincey.
O`ver*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Overwent (?); p. p. Overgone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overgoing.] [AS. ofergn.]
1. To travel over. [R.] Shak.
2. To exceed; to surpass. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
3. To cover. [Obs.] Chapman.
4. To oppress; to weigh down. [Obs.] Shak.
O`ver*gorge" (?), v. t. To gorge to excess.
O`ver*grace" (?), v. t. To grace or honor exceedingly or beyond desert. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
O"ver*grassed" (?), a. Overstocked, or overgrown, or covered, with grass. [Obs.] Spenser.
O`ver*great" (?), a. Too great.
O"ver*great"ness, n. Excessive greatness.
O"ver*greed"y (?), a. Excessively greedy.
O"ver*gross" (?), a. Too gross.
O"ver*ground" (?), a. Situated over or above ground; as, the overground portion of a plant.
O`ver*grow" (?), v. t. [imp. Overgrew (?); p. p. Overgrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overgrowing.]
1. To grow over; to cover with growth or herbage, esp. that which is rank.
The green . . . is rough and overgrown.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To grow beyond; to rise above; hence, to overcome; to oppress. [Obs.] Mortimer. "O'ergrown with labor." Beau. & Fl.
[Usually in the past participle.]
O`ver*grow", v. i. To grow beyond the fit or natural size; as, a huge, overgrown ox. L'Estrange.
O"ver*growth` (?), n. Excessive growth.
O`ver*hail" (?), v. t. See Overhaul. [Obs.]
O`ver*hale" (?), v. t. See Overhaul. [Obs.]
O"ver*hand` (?), n. The upper hand; advantage; superiority; mastery.
He had gotten thereby a great overhand on me.
Sir T. More.
O"ver*hand`, a. 1. (Sewing) Over and over; -- applied to a style of sewing, or to a seam, in which two edges, usually selvedges, are sewed together by passing each stitch over both.
2. (Baseball, Cricket, etc.) Done (as pitching or bowling) with the hand higher than the elbow, or the arm above, or higher than, the shoulder.
Overhand knot. See Illustration of Knot.
O"ver*hand`, adv. In an overhand manner or style.
O`ver*han"dle (?), v. t. To handle, or use, too much; to mention too often. Shak.
O`ver*hang" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhung (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhanging.] 1. To impend or hang over. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
2. To hang over; to jut or project over. Pope.
O`ver*hang", v. i. To jut over. Milton.
O`ver*hang`, n. (Arch.) 1. In a general sense, that which just out or projects; a projection; also, the measure of the projection; as, the overhang is five feet.
2. Specifically: The projection of an upper part (as a roof, an upper story, or other part) of a building beyond the lower part; as, the overhang of a roof, of the eaves, etc.
3. (Naut.) The portion of the bow or stem of a vessel that projects over the water beyond the water line.
4. (Mach.) The projection of a part beyond another part that is directly below it, or beyond a part by which it is supported; as, the overhang of a shaft; i. e., its projection beyond its bearing.
O"ver*hap"py (?), a. Exceedingly happy. Shak.
O`ver*hard"en (?), v. t. To harden too much; to make too hard. Boyle.
O"ver*har"dy (?), a. Too hardy; overbold.
O"ver*haste` (?), n. Too great haste.
O"ver*has"ty (?), a. Too hasty; precipitate; rash. -- O"ver*has"ti*ly (#), adv. -- O`ver*has"ti*ness, n.
O`ver*haul" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhauling.] 1. To haul or drag over; hence, to turn over for examination; to inspect; to examine thoroughly with a view to corrections or repairs.
2. (Naut.) To gain upon in a chase; to overtake.
To overhaul a tackle, to pull on the leading parts so as to separate the blocks. -- To overhaul running rigging, to keep it clear, and see that no hitch occurs.
{ O"ver*haul` (?), O`ver*haul"ing, } n. A strict examination with a view to correction or repairs.
O`ver*head" (?), adv. Aloft; above; in or attached to the ceiling or roof; in the story or upon the floor above; in the zenith.
While overhead the moon Sits arbitress.
Milton.
Also used adjectively; as, an overhead crane, gear, etc.
Overhead engine, a vertical steam engine in which the cylinder stands above the crank. -- Overhead work, a general term in manufactories for countershafting and gearing, when overhead.
O`ver*hear" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overheard (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhearing.] [AS. oferhiéran.]
1. To hear more of (anything) than was intended to be heard; to hear by accident or artifice. Shak.
2. To hear again. ShaK.
O`ver*heat" (?), v. t. [Cf. Superheat.] To heat to excess; to superheat. Cowper.
O"ver*heav`y (?), a. Excessively heavy.
O`ver*hele" (?), v. t. [AS. oferhelian.] To hele or cover over. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
O`ver*hent", v. t. [See Hent.] To overtake. [Obs.]
So forth he went and soon them overhent.
Spenser.
O"ver*high" (?), a. [AS. oferheáh.] Too high.
O"ver*high"ly, adv. Too highly; too greatly.
O`ver*hip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overhipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overhipping.] [Over + a word akin to E. hop to skip.] To pass over by, or as by a hop; to skip over; hence, to overpass. [Obs.] "When the time is overhipt." Holland.
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O`ver*hold" (?), v. t. To hold or value too highly; to estimate at too dear a rate. [Obs.] Shak.
O"ver*hung" (?), a. 1. Covered over; ornamented with hangings. Carlyle.
2. Suspended from above or from the top.
Overhung door, a sliding door, suspended door, suspended from the top, as upon rollers.
O`ver*in"flu*ence (?), v. t. To influence in an excessive degree; to have undue influence over.
O`ver*in*form" (?), v. t. To inform, fill, or animate, excessively. [R.] Johnson.
O"ver*is"sue (?), n. An excessive issue; an issue, as of notes or bonds, exceeding the limit of capital, credit, or authority.
An overissue of government paper.
Brougham.
O`ver*is"sue, v. t. To issue in excess.
O`ver*jeal"ous (?), a. [Over + jealous. Cf. Overzealous.] Excessively jealous; too jealous.
O`ver*joy" (?), v. t. To make excessively joyful; to gratify extremely.
O"ver*joy` (?), n. Excessive joy; transport.
O`ver*jump" (?), v. t. To jump over; hence, to omit; to ignore. Marston.
O"ver*king` (?), n. A king who has sovereignty over inferior kings or ruling princes. J. R. Green.
O"ver*know"ing (?), a. Too knowing or too cunning.
O`ver*la"bor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlabored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlaboring.]
1. To cause to labor excessively; to overwork. Dryden.
2. To labor upon excessively; to refine unduly.
O`ver*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. Overladed; p. p. Overladen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlading.] [Cf. Overload.] To load with too great a cargo; to overburden; to overload. Spenser.
O"ver*land` (?), a. Being, or accomplished, over the land, instead of by sea; as, an overland journey.
O"ver*land`, adv. By, upon, or across, land.
O"ver*land`er (?), n. One who travels over lands or countries; one who travels overland.
O"ver*lan"guaged (?), a. Employing too many words; diffuse. Lowell.
O`ver*lap" (?), v. t. & i. To lap over; to lap.
O"ver*lap` (?), n. 1. The lapping of one thing over another; as, an overlap of six inches; an overlap of a slate on a roof.
2. (Geol.) An extension of geological beds above and beyond others, as in a conformable series of beds, when the upper beds extend over a wider space than the lower, either in one or in all directions.
O"ver*large" (?), a. Too large; too great.
O"ver*large"ness, n. Excess of size or bulk.
O`ver*lash" (?), v. i. [Cf. Prov. E. lash extravagant, lashing lavish.] To drive on rashly; to go to excess; hence, to exaggerate; to boast. [Obs.] Barrow.
O`ver*lash"ing, n. Excess; exaggeration. [Obs.]
O"ver*late" (?), a. Too late; exceedingly late.
O`ver*lave" (?), v. t. To lave or bathe over.
O"ver*lav"ish (?), a. Lavish to excess.
O`ver*lay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlaying.] 1. To lay, or spread, something over or across; hence, to cover; to overwhelm; to press excessively upon.
When any country is overlaid by the multitude which live upon it.
Sir W. Raleigh.
As when a cloud his beams doth overlay.
Spenser.
Framed of cedar overlaid with gold.
Milton.
And overlay With this portentous bridge the dark abyss.
Milton.
2. To smother with a close covering, or by lying upon.
This woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.
1 Kings iii. 19.
A heap of ashes that o'erlays your fire.
Dryden.
3. (Printing) To put an overlay on.
O"ver*lay` (?), n. 1. A covering. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Printing) A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan sheet to improve the impression by making it stronger at a particular place.
O"ver*lay"er (?), n. One who overlays; that with which anything is overlaid.
O"ver*lay"ing, n. A superficial covering; a coating.
O`ver*lead" (?), v. t. To domineer over; to affront; to treat with indignity. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O`ver*leap" (?), v. t. [AS. oferhleápan. See Over, and Leap.] To leap over or across; hence, to omit; to ignore. "Let me o'erleap that custom." Shak.
O"ver*learn"ed (?), a. Too learned. -- O"ver*learn"ed, adv. -- O"ver*learn"ed*ness, n.
O"ver*leath`er (?), n. Upper leather. Shak.
O`ver*leav"en (?), v. t. To leaven too much; hence, to change excessively; to spoil. [Obs.]
O"ver*lib"er*al (?), a. Too liberal.
O"ver*lib"er*al*ly, adv. In an overliberal manner.
O`ver*lick" (?), v. t. To lick over.
O`ver*lie" (?), v. t. [imp. Overlay (?); p. p. Overlain (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlying.] To lie over or upon; specifically, to suffocate by lying upon; as, to overlie an infant. Quain.
A woman by negligence overlieth her child in her sleeping.
Chaucer.
O"ver*light` (?), n. Too strong a light. Bacon.
O"ver*light", a. Too light or frivolous; giddy.
O"ver*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being overly; carelessness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
O"ver*lin"ger (?), v. t. To cause to linger; to detain too long. [Obs.] Fuller.
O"ver*lip` (?), n. [AS. oferlibban.] The upper lip. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O`ver*live" (?), v. t. To outlive. Sir P. Sidney.
The culture of Northumbria overlived the term of its political supermacy.
Earle.
O`ver*live" (?), v. i. To live too long, too luxuriously, or too actively. Milton. "Overlived in this close London life." Mrs. Browning.
O"ver*liv"er (?), n. A survivor. Bacon.
O`ver*load" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overloaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Overloading.] [Cf. Overlade.] To load or fill to excess; to load too heavily.
O"ver*load` (?), n. An excessive load; the excess beyond a proper load.
O"ver*log"ic*al (?), a. Excessively logical; adhering too closely to the forms or rules of logic.
O"ver*long" (?), a. & adv. Too long. Shak.
O`ver*look" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overlooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overlooking.] 1. To look down upon from a place that is over or above; to look over or view from a higher position; to rise above, so as to command a view of; as, to overlook a valley from a hill. "The pile o'erlooked the town." Dryden.
[Titan] with burning eye did hotly overlook them.
Shak.
2. Hence: To supervise; to watch over; sometimes, to observe secretly; as, to overlook a gang of laborers; to overlook one who is writing a letter.
3. To inspect; to examine; to look over carefully or repeatedly. "Overlook this pedigree." Shak.
The time and care that are required To overlook and file and polish well.
Roscommon.
4. To look upon with an evil eye; to bewitch by looking upon; to fascinate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak.
If you trouble me I will overlook you, and then your pigs will die.
C. Kingsley.
5. To look over and beyond (anything) without seeing it; to miss or omit in looking; hence, to refrain from bestowing notice or attention upon; to neglect; to pass over without censure or punishment; to excuse.
The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked.
Acts xvii. 30 (Rev. Ver. )
They overlook truth in the judgments they pass.
Atterbury.
The pardoning and overlooking of faults.
Addison.
O"ver*look"er (?), n. One who overlooks.
O"ver*loop` (?), n. See Orlop. [Obs.]
O"ver*lord` (?), n. One who is lord over another or others; a superior lord; a master. Freeman.
O"ver*lord"ship (?), n. Lordship or supremacy of a person or a people over others. J. R. Green.
O"ver*loud" (?), a. Too loud; noisy.
O`ver*love" (?), v. t. To love to excess.
O"ver*lus"cious (?), a. Excessively luscious.
O"ver*lust"y (?), a. Too lusty, or lively. Shak.
O"ver*ly, a. 1. Careless; negligent; inattentive; superfical; not thorough. [Archaic] Bp. Hall.
2. Excessive; too much. [R.] Coleridge.
O"ver*ly, adv. In an overly manner. [Archaic]
O`ver*ly"ing (?), a. Lying over or upon something; as, overlying rocks.
O`ver*mag"ni*fy (?), v. t. To magnify too much. Bp. Hall.
O"ver*mal"a*pert (?), a. Excessively malapert or impudent. [Obs.] Prynne.
O"ver*man`ner (?), adv. In an excessive manner; excessively. [Obs.] Wiclif.
O`ver*march" (?), v. t. & i. To march too far, or too much; to exhaust by marching. Baker.
O`ver*mast" (?), v. t. (Naut.) To furnish (a vessel) with too long or too heavy a mast or masts.
O`ver*mas"ter (?), v. t. To overpower; to subdue; to vanquish; to govern.
O`ver*match" (?), v. t. 1. To be more than equal to or a match for; hence, to vanquish. Drayton.
2. To marry (one) to a superior. [Obs.] Burton.
O"ver*match` (?), n. One superior in power; also, an unequal match; a contest in which one of the opponents is overmatched. Milton. D. Webster.
O`ver*meas"ure (?), v. t. To measure or estimate too largely.
O"ver*meas`ure (?), n. Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure; surplus.
O`ver*med"dle (?), v. t. To meddle unduly.
O`ver*med"dling (?), n. Excessive interference. "Justly shent for their overmeddling." Fuller.
O"ver*mel"low (?), a. Too mellow; overripe.
O"ver*mer"it (?), n. Excessive merit. Bacon.
O"ver*mic"kle (?), a. & adv. Overmuch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
O`ver*mix" (?), v. t. To mix with too much.
O"ver*mod"est (?), a. Modest to excess; bashful. -- O"ver*mod"est*ly, adv.
O"ver*moist" (?), a. Excessively moist. Bacon.
O"ver*mois"ture (?), n. Excess of moisture.
O"ver*more" (?), adv. Beyond; moreover. [Obs.]
O"ver*mor"row (?), n. The day after or following to-morrow. [Obs.] Bible (1551).
O"ver*most` (?), a. Over the rest in authority; above all others; highest. [Obs.] Fabyan.
O`ver*mount" (?), v. t. [Cf. Surmount.] To mount over; to go higher than; to rise above.
O"ver*much" (?), a. Too much. -- adv. In too great a degree; too much. -- n. An excess; a surplus.
O`ver*much"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being in excess; superabundance. [R.] B. Jonson.
O`ver*mul"ti*ply (?), v. t. & i. To multiply or increase too much; to repeat too often.
O`ver*mul"ti*tude (?), v. t. To outnumber. [Obs.]
O`ver*name" (?), v. t. To name over or in a series; to recount. [Obs.] Shak.
O"ver*neat" (?), a. Excessively neat. Spectator.
O"ver*nice" (?), a. Excessively nice; fastidious. Bp. Hall. -- O"ver*nice"ly, adv. -- O"ver*nice"ness, n.
O"ver*night` (?), n. The fore part of the night last past; the previous evening. [R.] Shak.
O"ver*night", adv. In the fore part of the night last past; in the evening before; also, during the night; as, the candle will not last overnight.
I had been telling her all that happened overnight.
Dickens.
O`ver*noise" (?), v. t. To overpower by noise.
O"ver*nu"mer*ous (?), a. Excessively numerous; too many.
O`ver*of"fice (?), v. t. To domineer over by virtue of office. [Obs.] Shak.
O"ver*of*fi"cious (?), a. Too busy; too ready to intermeddle; too officious. Collier.
O`ver*paint" (?), v. t. To color or describe too strongly. Sir W. Raleigh.
O`ver*pam"per (?), v. t. To pamper excessively; to feed or dress too much. Dryton.
O`ver*part" (?), v. t. To give too important or difficult a part to. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
O`ver*pass" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpassing.] [Cf. Surpass.]
1. To go over or beyond; to cross; as, to overpass a river; to overpass limits.
2. To pass over; to omit; to overlook; to disregard.
All the beauties of the East He slightly viewed and slightly overpassed.
Milton.
3. To surpass; to excel. [R.] R. Browning.
O`ver*pass", v. i. To pass over, away, or off.
O"ver*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Passionate to excess. -- O"ver*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.
O"ver*pa"tient (?), a. Patient to excess.
O`ver*pay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpaying.] To pay too much to; to reward too highly.
O`ver*peer" (?), v. t. To peer over; to rise above.
O`ver*peo"ple (?), v. t. To people too densely.
O`ver*perch" (?), v. t. To perch upon; to fly over. [Obs.] Shak.
O`ver*per*suade" (?), v. t. To persuade or influence against one's inclination or judgment. Pope.
O`ver*pes"ter (?), v. t. To pester exceedingly or excessively. Sir W. Raleigh.
O`ver*pic"ture (?), v. t. To surpass nature in the picture or representation of. [Obs.] "O'erpicturing that Venus." Shak.
O`ver*please" (?), v. t. To please excessively.
O"ver*plus (?), n. [Over + L. plus more. See Plus, and cf. Surplus.] That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed; surplus. Shak.
"The overplus of a great fortune." Addison.
O`ver*ply" (?), v. t. To ply to excess; to exert with too much vigor; to overwork. Milton.
O`ver*poise" (?), v. t. To outweigh; to overbalance. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
O"ver*poise`, n. Preponderant weight; a counterbalance. [R.] Mrs. Browning.
O`ver*pol"ish (?), v. t. To polish too much.
O"ver*pon"der*ous (?), a. Too heavy.
O`ver*post" (?), v. t. To post over; to pass over swiftly, as by post. Shak.
O"ver*po"tent (?), a. Too potent or powerful.
O`ver*pow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overpowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overpowering.] To excel or exceed in power; to cause to yield; to vanquish; to subdue; as, the light overpowers the eyes. "And overpower'd that gallant few." Wordsworth.
Syn. -- To overbear; overcome; vanquish; defeat; crush; overwhelm; overthrow; rout; conquer; subdue.
O"ver*pow`er, n. A dominating power. Bacon.
O`ver*pow"er*ing, a. Excelling in power; too powerful; irresistible. -- O`ver*pow"er*ing*ly, adv.
O`ver*praise" (?), v. t. [Cf. Overprize, Superpraise.] To praise excessively or unduly.
O`ver*prais"ing, n. The act of praising unduly; excessive praise. Milton.
O`ver*press" (?), v. t. 1. To bear upon with irresistible force; to crush; to overwhelm. Shak.
2. To overcome by importunity. Johnson.
O"ver*pres"sure (?), n. Excessive pressure or urging. London Athenæum.
O`ver*prize" (?), v. t. [Cf. Overpraise.] Toprize excessively; to overvalue. Sir H. Wotton.
O"ver*pro*duc"tion (?), n. Excessive production; supply beyond the demand. J. S. Mill.
O"ver*prompt" (?), a. Too prompt; too ready or eager; precipitate. -- O`ver*prompt"ness, n.
O"ver*proof" (?), a. Containing more alcohol than proof spirit; stronger than proof spirit; that is, containing more than 49.3 per cent by weight of alcohol.
O`ver*pro*por"tion (?), v. t. To make of too great proportion.
O"ver*proud" (?), a. Exceedingly or unduly proud. "Overproud of his victory." Milton.
O"ver*prov"i*dent (?), a. Too provident.
O`ver*pro*voke" (?), v. t. To provoke excessively. Bp. Hall.
O`ver*quell" (?), v. t. To quell or subdue completely. [R.] Bp. Hall.
O"ver*qui"et*ness (?), n. Too much quietness. Sir. T. Browne.
O`ver*rake" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overraked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overraking.] (Naut.) To rake over, or sweep across, from end to end, as waves that break over a vessel anchored with head to the sea.
O"ver*rank" (?), a. Too rank or luxuriant.
O`ver*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Overrating.] To rate or value too highly.
O"ver*rate`, n. An excessive rate. [R.] Massinger.
O`ver*reach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overreached (?), (Overraught (&?;), obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Overreaching.]
1. To reach above or beyond in any direction.
2. To deceive, or get the better of, by artifice or cunning; to outwit; to cheat. Shak.
O`ver*reach", v. i. 1. To reach too far; as: (a) To strike the toe of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the forefoot; -- said of horses. (b) (Naut.) To sail on one tack farther than is necessary. Shak.
2. To cheat by cunning or deception.
<! p. 1024 !>
O"ver*reach` (?), n. The act of striking the heel of the fore foot with the toe of the hind foot; -- said of horses.
O`ver*reach"er (?), n. One who overreaches; one who cheats; a cheat.
O`ver*read" (?), v. t. To read over, or peruse. Shak.
O"ver*read"y (?), a. Too ready. -- O"ver*read"*i*ly (#), adv. -- O"ver*read"i*ness, n.
O`ver*reck"on (?), v. t. To reckon too highly.
O`ver*red" (?), v. t. To smear with red. [Obs.]
O`ver*re*fine" (?), v. t. To refine too much.
O"ver*re*fine"ment (?), n. Excessive refinement.
O`ver*rent" (?), v. t. To rent for too much.
O"ver*rich" (?), a. Exccessively rich.
O`ver*ride" (?), v. t. [imp. Overrode (?); p. p. Overridden (?), Overrode, Overrid (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Overriding.] [AS. offerdan.] 1. To ride over or across; to ride upon; to trample down.
The carter overridden with [i. e., by] his cart.
Chaucer.
2. To suppress; to destroy; to supersede; to annul; as, one low overrides another; to override a veto.
3. To ride beyond; to pass; to outride. [Obs.]
I overrode him on the way.
Shak.
4. To ride too much; to ride, as a horse, beyond its strength.
O"ver*rigged" (?), a. Having too much rigging.
O"ver*right"eous (?), a. Excessively righteous; -- usually implying hypocrisy.
O"ver*rig"id (?), a. Too rigid; too severe.
O"ver*rig"or*ous (?), a. Too rigorous; harsh.
O"ver*ripe" (?), a. Matured to excess. Milton.
O`ver*rip"en (?), v. t. To make too ripe. Shak.
O`ver*roast" (?), v. t. To roast too much. Shak.
O`ver*rule" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overruled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overruling.] 1. To rule over; to govern or determine by superior authority.
2. To rule or determine in a contrary way; to decide against; to abrogate or alter; as, God overrules the purposes of men; the chairman overruled the point of order.
His passion and animosity overruled his conscience.
Clarendon.
These [difficulties] I had habitually overruled.
F. W. Newman.
3. (Law) To supersede, reject, annul, or rule against; as, the plea, or the decision, was overruled by the court.
O`ver*rule", v. i. To be superior or supreme in rulling or controlling; as, God rules and overrules. Shak.
O`ver*rul"er (?), n. One who, or that which, controls, governs, or determines. Sir P. Sidney.
O`ver*rul"ing, a. Exerting controlling power; as, an overruling Providence. -- O`ver*rul"ing*ly, adv.
O`ver*run" (?), v. t. [imp. Overran (?); p. p. Overrun; p. pr. & vb. n. Overrunning. ] 1. To run over; to grow or spread over in excess; to invade and occupy; to take possession of; as, the vine overran its trellis; the farm is overrun with witch grass.
Those barbarous nations that overran the world.
Spenser.
2. To exceed in distance or speed of running; to go beyond or pass in running.
Ahimaaz run by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi.
2 Sam. xviii. 23.
3. To go beyond; to extend in part beyond; as, one line overruns another in length.
In machinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it.
4. To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon.
None of them the feeble overran.
Spenser.
5. (Print.) (a) To carry over, or back, as type, from one line or page into the next after, or next before. (b) To extend the contents of (a line, column, or page) into the next line, column, or page.
O`ver*run", v. i. 1. To run, pass, spread, or flow over or by something; to be beyond, or in excess.
Despised and trodden down of all that overran.
Spenser.
2. (Print.) To extend beyond its due or desired length; as, a line, or advertisement, overruns.
O`ver*run"ner (?), n. One that overruns. Lovelace.
O`ver*sat"u*rate (?), v. t. [Cf. Supersaturate.] To saturate to excess.
O`ver*say" (?), v. t. To say over; to repeat. Ford.
O`ver*scent"ed (?), a. 1. Scented excessively.
2. Covered or concealed by a different odor. Fuller.
O`ver*scru`pu*los"i*ty (?), n. Overscrupulousness.
O`ver*scru"pu*lous (?), a. Scrupulous to excess.
O`ver*scru"pu*lous*ness, n. The quality or state of being overscrupulous; excess of scrupulousness.
O"ver*sea" (?), a. Beyond the sea; foreign.
{ O"ver*sea" (?), O"ver*seas" (?), } adv. Over the sea; abroad. Milton. Tennyson.
O`ver*search" (?), v. t. To search all over.
O`ver*sea"son (?), v. t. To season too highly.
O`ver*see" (?), v. t. [imp. Oversaw (?); p. p. Overseen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overseeing.] [AS. oferséon to survey, to despise. See Over, and See.]
1. To superintend; to watch over; to direct; to look or see after; to overlook.
2. To omit or neglect seeing. Spenser.
O`ver*see", v. i. To see too or too much; hence, to be deceived. [Obs.]
The most expert gamesters may sometimes oversee.
Fuller.
Your partiality to me is much overseen, if you think me fit to correct your Latin.
Walpole.
O`ver*seer" (?), n. One who oversees; a superintendent; a supervisor; as, an overseer of a mill; specifically, one or certain public officers; as, an overseer of the poor; an overseer of highways.
O`ver*seer"ship, n. The office of an overseer.
O`ver*sell` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oversold (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overselling. ] 1. To sell for a higher price than; to exceed in selling price.
One whose beauty Would oversell all Italy.
Beau. & Fl.
2. To sell beyond means of delivery. [Brokers'Cant]
Oversold market (Brokers' Cant), a market in which stocks or commodities have been sold "short" to such an extent that it is difficult to obtain them for delivery.
O`ver*set" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overset; p. pr. & vb. n. Oversetting. ] 1. To turn or tip (anything) over from an upright, or a proper, position so that it lies upon its side or bottom upwards; to upset; as, to overset a chair, a coach, a ship, or a building. Dryden.
2. To cause to fall, or to tail; to subvert; to overthrow; as, to overset a government or a plot. Addison.
3. To fill too full. [Obs.] Howell.
O`ver*set", v. i. To turn, or to be turned, over; to be upset. Mortimer.
O"ver*set` (?), n. 1. An upsetting; overturn; overthrow; as, the overset of a carriage.
2. An excess; superfluity. [Obs.] "This overset of wealth and pomp. " Bp. Burnel.
O`ver*shade` (?), v. t. [AS. ofersceadwian. See Over, and Shade, and cf. Overshadow.] To cover with shade; to render dark or gloomy; to overshadow. Shak.
O`ver*shad"ow (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshadowed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overshadowing. ] [Cf. Overshade. ] 1. To throw a shadow, or shade, over; to darken; to obscure.
There was a cloud that overshadowed them.
Mark ix. 7.
2. Fig.: To cover with a superior influence. Milton.
O"ver*shad"ow*er (?), n. One that throws a shade, or shadow, over anything. Bacon.
O"ver*shad"ow*y (?), a. Overshadowing. [R.]
O`ver*shake" (?), v. t. To shake over or away; to drive away; to disperse. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O`ver*shine" (?), v. t. 1. To shine over or upon; to illumine. Shak.
2. To excel in shining; to outshine. Shak.
O"ver*shoe` (?), n. A shoe that is worn over another for protection from wet or for extra warmth; esp., an India-rubber shoe; a galoche.
O`ver*shoot" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshot (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overshooting.] 1. To shoot over or beyond. "Not to overshoot his game." South.
2. To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond. Hartle.
3. To exceed; as, to overshoot the truth. Cowper.
To overshoot one's self, to venture too far; to assert too much.
O`ver*shoot", v. i. To fly beyond the mark. Collier.
O"ver*shot` (?), a. From Overshoot, v. t.
Overshot wheel, a vertical water wheel, the circumference of which is covered with cavities or buckets, and which is turned by water which shoots over the top of it, filling the buckets on the farther side and acting chiefly by its we'ght.
O"ver*sight` (?), n. 1. Watchful care; superintendence; general supervision.
2. An overlooking; an omission; an error. Hooker.
3. Escape from an overlooked peril. [R.] "His fool-happy oversight." Spenser.
Syn. -- Superintendence; supervision; inspection; overlooking; inadvertence; neglect; mistake; error; omission.
O`ver*size" (?), v. t. To surpass in size.
O`ver*size", v. t. To cover with viscid matter. [R.]
O'ersized with coagulate gore.
Shak.
O`ver*skip" (?), v. t. To skip or leap over; to treat with indifference. Shak.
O"ver*skirt` (?), n. An upper skirt, shorter than the dress, and usually draped.
O"ver*slaugh` (?), n. [D. overslag.] A bar in a river; as, the overslaugh in the Hudson River. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.
O`ver*slaugh", v. t. [D. overslaan.] To hinder or stop, as by an overslaugh or an impediment; as, to overslaugh a bill in a legislative body; to overslaugh a military officer, that is, to hinder his promotion or employment. [Local Cant, U. S.]
O`ver*sleep" (?), v. t. To sleep beyond; as, to oversleep one's self or one's usual hour of rising.
O`ver*sleep", v. i. To sleep too long.
O`ver*slide" (?), v. t. To slide over or by.
O`ver*slip" (?), v. t. To slip or slide over; to pass easily or carelessly beyond; to omit; to neglect; as, to overslip time or opportunity.
O"ver*slop` (?), n. [AS. oferslop.] An outer garment, or slop. [Obs.] Chaucer.
O`ver*slow" (?), v. t. To render slow; to check; to curb. [Obs.] Hammond.
O"ver*slow", a. Too slow.
O"vers*man (?), n.; pl. Oversmen (&?;).
1. An overseer; a superintendent.
2. (Scots Law) An umpire; a third arbiter, appointed when two arbiters, previously selected, disagree.
O`ver*snow" (?), v. t. To cover with snow, or as with snow. [Poetic] Shak. Dryden.
O"ver*soon" (?), adv. Too soon. Sir P. Sidney.
O`ver*sor"row (?), v. t. To grieve or afflict to excess. [Obs.] Milton.
O"ver*soul` (?), n. The all- containing soul. [R.]
That unity, that oversout, within which every man's particular being is contained and made one with all other.
Emerson.
O`ver*sow" (?), v. t. [AS. ofersawan.] To sow where something has already been sown. [R.]
His enemy came and oversowed cockle among the wheat.
Matt. x&?;ii. 25. (Douay Version).
O`ver*span" (?), v. t. To reach or extend over.
O`ver*speak" (?), v. t. & i. [AS. ofersprecan.] To exceed in speaking; to speak too much; to use too many words.
O`ver*spin" (?), v. t. To spin out to too great length; to protract unduly. W. Cartwright.
O`ver*spread" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overspread; p. pr. & vb. n. Overspreading.] [AS. ofersprdan.] To spread over; to cover; as, the deluge overspread the earth. Chaucer.
Those nations of the North Which overspread the world.
Drayton.
O`ver*spread", v. i. To be spread or scattered over.
O`ver*spring" (?), v. t. To spring or leap over.
O`ver*stand" (?), v. t. To stand on the price or conditions of, so as to lose a sale; to lose by an extravagant price or hard conditions. [Obs.]
What madman would o'erstand his market twice ?
Dryden.
O`ver*stare" (?), v. t. To outstare. [Obs.] Shak.
O`ver*stare", v. i. To stare wildly. [Obs.] Ascham.
O`ver*state" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstated; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstating.] To state in too strong terms; to exaggerate. Fuller.
O"ver*state"ment (?), n. An exaggerated statement or account.
O`ver*stay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstayed (?) or Overstaid (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstaying.] To stay beyond the time or the limits of; as, to overstay the appointed time. Bp. Hall.
O`ver*step" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstepped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstepping.] [AS. ofersteppan.] To step over or beyond; to transgress. Shak.
O"ver*stock` (?), n. Stock in excess. Tatler.
O`ver*stock", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstocking.] To fill too full; to supply in excess; as, to overstock a market with goods, or a farm with cattle.
O`ver*store" (?), v. t. To overstock. Sir. M. Hale.
O`ver-sto`ry (?), n. (Arch.) The clearstory, or upper story, of a building.
O`ver*strain" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Overstrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overstraining.] To strain one's self to excess. Dryden.
O`ver*strain", v. t. To stretch or strain too much; as to overstrain one's nerves. Ayliffe.
O`ver*strait"ly (?), adv. Too straitly or strictly. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
O`ver*straw" (?), v. t. To overstrew. [Obs.] Shak.
O`ver*strew" (?), v. t. To strew or scatter over.
O"ver*strict" (?), a. Excessively strict.
O`ver*stride" (?), v. t. To stride over or beyond.
O`ver*strike" (?), v. t. To strike beyond. [Obs.]
O`ver*strow" (?), v. t. See Overstrew.
O"ver*stu"di*ous (?), a. Too studious.
O"ver*sub"tile (?), a. Excessively subtile.
O"ver*sum` (?), n. A sum or quantity over; surplus. [Obs.] Holinshed.
O`ver*sup*ply" (?), v. t. To supply in excess.
O"ver*sup*ply`, n. An excessive supply.
A general oversupply or excess of all commodities.
J. S. Mill.
O"ver*sure" (?), a. Excessively sure.
O`ver*sway" (?), v. t. To bear sway over.
O`ver*swell" (?), v. t. & i. To swell or rise above; to overflow. [R.] Shak.
O"vert (?), a. [OF. overt, F. ouvert, p. p. of OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir, to open, of uncertain origin; cf. It. aprire, OIt. also oprire, L. aperire to open, operire to cover, deoperire to uncover. Perch. from L. aperire influenced by F. couvrir to cover. Cf. Aperient, Cover.]
1. Open to view; public; apparent; manifest.
Overt and apparent virtues bring forth praise.
Bacon.
2. (Law) Not covert; open; public; manifest; as, an overt act of treason. Macaulay.
No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.
Constitution of the U. S.
In criminal law, an overt act is an open done in pursuance and manifestation of a criminal design; the mere design or intent not being punishable without such act. In English law, market overt is an open market; a pound overt is an open, uncovered pound.
O`ver*take" (?), v. t. [imp. Overtook (?); p. p. Overtaken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overtaking.]
1. To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress, or motion; to catch up with.
Follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say . . . Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good.
Gen. xliv. 4.
He had him overtaken in his flight.
Spenser.
2. To come upon from behind; to discover; to surprise; to capture; to overcome.
If a man be overtaken in a fault.
Gal. vi. 1
I shall see The winged vengeance overtake such children.
Shak.
3. Hence, figuratively, in the past participle (overtaken), drunken. [Obs.] Holland.
O`ver*talk" (?), v. i. To talk to excess. Milton.
O`ver*task" (?), v. t. To task too heavily.
O`ver*tax" (?), v. t. To tax or to task too heavily.
O`ver*te"di*ous (?), a. Too tedious.
O`ver*tempt" (?), v. t. To tempt exceedingly, or beyond the power of resistance. Milton.
O`ver*throw" (?), v. t. [imp. Overthrew (?); p. p. Overthrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overthrowing.]
1. To throw over; to overturn; to upset; to turn upside down.
His wife overthrew the table.
Jer. Taylor.
2. To cause to fall or to fail; to subvert; to defeat; to make a ruin of; to destroy.
When the walls of Thebes he overthrew.
Dryden.
[Gloucester] that seeks to overthrow religion.
Shak.
Syn. -- To demolish; overturn; prostrate; destroy; ruin; subvert; overcome; conquer; defeat; discomfit; vanquish; beat; rout.
O"ver*throw` (?), n. 1. The act of overthrowing; the state of being overthrow; ruin.
Your sudden overthrow much rueth me.
Spenser.
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2. (a) (Baseball) The act of throwing a ball too high, as over a player's head. (b) (Cricket) A faulty return of the ball by a fielder, so that the striker makes an additional run.
O"ver*thwart" ("vr*thwrt"), a. 1. Having a transverse position; placed or situated across; hence, opposite. "Our overthwart neighbors." Dryden.
2. Crossing in kind or disposition; perverse; adverse; opposing. "Overthwart humor." Clarendon.
O"ver*thwart", adv. Across; crosswise; transversely. "Y'clenched overthwart and endelong." Chaucer.
O"ver*thwart", prep. Across; from alde to side of. "Huge trees overthwart one another." Milton.
O"ver*thwart`, n. That which is overthwart; an adverse circumstance; opposition. [Obs.] Surrey.
O`ver*thwart", v. t. To cross; to oppose. [Obs.]
O"ver*thwart"ly, adv. In an overthwart manner; across; also, perversely. [Obs.] Peacham.
O"ver*thwart"ness, n. The state of being overthwart; perverseness. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.
O`ver*tilt" (?), v. t. To tilt over; to overturn.
O"ver*time` (?), n. Time beyond, or in excess of, a limit; esp., extra working time.
O`ver*tire" (?), v. t. To tire to excess; to exhaust.
O`ver*tire", v. t. To become too tired. Br. Hall.
O`ver*ti"tle (?), v. t. To give too high a title to.
O"vert*ly (?), adv. Publicly; openly.
O`ver*toil" (?), v. t. To overwork.
O`ver*toil", v. t. To weary excessively; to exhaust.
Then dozed a while herself, but overtoiled By that day's grief and travel.
Tennyson.
O"ver*tone` (?), n. [A translation of G. oberton. See Over,Tone.] (Mus.) One of the harmonics faintly heard with and above a tone as it dies away, produced by some aliquot portion of the vibrating sting or column of air which yields the fundamental tone; one of the natural harmonic scale of tones, as the octave, twelfth, fifteenth, etc.; an aliquot or "partial" tone; a harmonic. See Harmonic, and Tone. Tyndall.
O`ver*top" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overtopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overtopping.] 1. To rise above the top of; to exceed in height; to tower above. "To &?; 'ertop old Pelion." Shak.
2. To go beyond; to transcend; to transgress.
If kings presume to overtop the law by which they reign, . . . they are by law to be reduced into order.
Milton.
3. To make of less importance, or throw into the background, by superior excellence; to dwarf; to obscure. Becon.
O`ver*tow"er (?), v. t. To tower over or above.
O`ver*tow"er, v. i. To soar too high. [R.] Fuller.
O`ver*trade" (?), v. i. To trade beyond one's capital; to buy goods beyond the means of paying for or seleng them; to overstock the market.
O`ver*trad"ing (?), n. The act or practice of buying goods beyond the means of payment; a glutting of the market.
O`ver*tread" (?), v. t. [AS. oferiredan.] To tread over or upon.
O`ver*trip" (?), v. t. To trip over nimbly.
O`ver*trou"bled (?), a. Excessively troubled.
O`ver*trow" (?), v. i. To be too trustful or confident; to trust too much. [Obs.] Wyclif &?;
O"ver*trust` (?), n. Excessive confidence.
O`ver*trust", v. t. & i. To trust too much. Bp. Hall.
O"ver*ture (?), [OF. overture, F. ouverture, fr. OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir. See Overt.] 1. An opening or aperture; a recess; a recess; a chamber. [Obs.] Spenser. "The cave's inmost overture." Chapman.
2. Disclosure; discovery; revelation. [Obs.]
It was he That made the overture of thy treasons to us.
Shak.
3. A proposal; an offer; a proposition formally submitted for consideration, acceptance, or rejection. "The great overture of the gospel." Barrow.
4. (Mus.) A composition, for a full orchestra, designed as an introduction to an oratorio, opera, or ballet, or as an independent piece; -- called in the latter case a concert overture.
O"ver*ture, v. t. To make an overture to; as, to overture a religious body on some subject.
O`ver*turn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overturned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overturning.] 1. To turn or throw from a basis, foundation, or position; to overset; as, to overturn a carriage or a building.
2. To subvert; to destroy; to overthrow.
3. To overpower; to conquer. Milton.
Syn. -- To demolish; overthrow. See Demolish.
O"ver*turn`, n. The act off overturning, or the state of being overturned or subverted; overthrow; as, an overturn of parties.
O`ver*turn"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, overturned or subverted.
O`ver*turn"er (?), n. One who overturns. South.
O`ver*vail" (?), v. t. See Overveil.
O"ver*val`u*a"tion (?), n. Excessive valuation; overestimate.
O`ver*val"ue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overvalued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overvaluing.] 1. To value excessively; to rate at too high a price. "To overvalue human power." Holyday.
2. To exceed in value. [R.] H. Brooke.
O`ver*veil" (?), v. t. To veil or cover. Shak.
O"ver*view` (?), n. [Cf. Survey.] An inspection or overlooking. [Obs.] Shak.
O`ver*vote" (?), v. t. To outvote; to outnumber in votes given. [R.] Eikon Basilike.
O`ver*walk" (?), v. t. To walk over or upon.
O`ver*war" (?), v. t. To defeat. [Obs.] Warner.
O"ver*wa"ry (?), a. Too wary; too cautious.
O`ver*wash" (?), v. t. To overflow. Holinshed.
O`ver*wast"ed (?), a. Wasted or worn out; &?;onsumed; spent [Obs.] Drayton.
O"ver*watch" (?), v. t. 1. To watch too much.
2. To weary or exhaust by watching. Dryden.
O`ver*wax" (?), v. i. To wax or grow too rapindly or too much. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.
O"ver*weak" (?), a. Too weak; too feeble.
O`ver*wear" (?), v. t. To wear too much; to wear out. Drayton.
O"ver*wea"ry (?), v. t. To weary too much; to tire out. Dryden.
O`ver*weath"er (?), v. t. To expose too long to the influence of the weather. [Obs.] Shak.
O`ver*ween" (?), v. t. [AS. oferw&?;nian. See Over, and Ween.] To think too highly or arrogantly; to regard one's own thinking or conclusions too highly; hence, to egotistic, arrogant, or rash, in opinion; to think conceitedly; to presume.
They that overween, And at thy growing virtues fret their spleen.
Milton.
O`ver*ween"er (?), n. One who overweens. [R.]
The conceits of warmed or overweening brain.
Locke.
O`ver*ween"ing, a. Unduly confident; arrogant; presumptuous; conceited. -- O`ver*ween"ingly, adv. Milton. -- O`ver*ween"ing*ness, n.
Here's an overweening rogue.
Shak.
O`ver*ween"ing, n. Conceit; arrogance. Milton.
O`ver*weigh" (?), v. t. To exceed in weight; to overbalance; to weigh down. Drayton. Hooker.
O"ver*weight` (?), n. 1. Weight over and above what is required by law or custom.
2. Superabundance of weight; preponderance.
O"ver*weight", a. Overweighing; excessive. [Obs.] "Of no overweight worth." Fuller.
O`ver*well" (?), v. t. To overflow. R. D. Blackmore.
O"ver*wet (?), n. Excessive wetness. [Obs.]
Another ill accident is, overwet at sowing time.
Bacon.
O`ver*whelm" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overwhelmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Overwhelming.]
1. To cover over completely, as by a great wave; to overflow and bury beneath; to ingulf; hence, figuratively, to immerse and bear down; to overpower; to crush; to bury; to oppress, etc., overpoweringly.
The sea overwhelmed their enemies.
Ps. lxxviii. 53.
Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath overwhelmed me.
Ps. lv. 5.
Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o'erwhelm them.
Shak.
Gaza yet stands; but all her sons are fallen, All in a moment overwhelmed and fallen.
Milton.
2. To project or impend over threateningly.
His louering brows o'erwhelming his fair sight.
Shak.
3. To cause to surround, to cover. Papin.
O"ver*whelm`, n. The act of overwhelming. [R.]
O`ver*whelm"ing, a. Overpowering; irresistible. -- O`ver*whelm"ing*ly, adv.
O`ver*wind" (?), v. t. To wind too tightly, as a spring, or too far, as a hoisting rope on a drum.
O`ver*wing" (?), v. t. To outflank. [Obs.] Milton.
O"ver*wise" (?), a. Too wise; affectedly wise. -- O`ver*wise"ly, adv. -- O`ver*wise"ness, n.
O`ver*wit" (?), v. t. To outwit. Swift.
O`ver*word" (?), v. t. To say in too many words; to express verbosely. Hales.
O`ver*work" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overworked (?) or Overwrought (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Overworking.] 1. To work beyond the strength; to cause to labor too much or too long; to tire excessively; as, to overwork a horse.
2. To fill too full of work; to crowd with labor.
My days with toil are overwrought.
Longfellow.
3. To decorate all over.
O`ver*work", v. t. To work too much, or beyond one's strength.
O"ver*work`, n. Work in excess of the usual or stipulated time or quantity; extra work; also, excessive labor.
O`ver*worn" (?), p. p. & a. from Overwear, v. t. Worn out or subdued by toil; worn out so as to be trite.
O`ver*wrest" (?), v. t. To wrest or force from the natural or proper position. Shak.
O`ver*wres"tle (?), v. t. To subdue by wrestling. [Obs.] Spenser.
O`ver*wrought (?), p. p. & a. from Overwork. Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited.
O"ver*zeal (?), n. Excess of zeal. Fairfax.
O"ver*zeal"ous (?), a. Too zealous.
O`vi*cap"sule (?), n. [Ovum + capsule.]
1. (Anat) The outer layer of a Graafian follicle.
2. (Zoöl.) Same as Oötheca.
O"vi*cell` (?), n. [Ovum + cell.] (Zoöl) One of the dilatations of the body wall of Bryozoa in which the ova sometimes undegro the first stages of their development. See Illust. of Chilostoma.
O*vic"u*lar (?), a. [L. ovum an egg.] (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an egg.
O"vi*cyst (?), n. [Ovum + cyst.] (Zoöl.) The pouch in which incubation takes place in some Tunicata.
O*vid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Latin poet Ovid; resembling the style of Ovid.
O`vi*du"cal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to oviducts; as, oviducal glands.
O"vi*duct (?), n. [Ovum + duct: cf. F. oviducte.] (Anat.) A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes place. In mammals the oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes.
O*vif"er*ous (?), a. [Ovum + -ferous: cf. F. ovifère.] (Biol.) Egg-bearing; -- applied particularly to certain receptacles, as in Crustacea, that retain the eggs after they have been excluded from the formative organs, until they are hatched.
O"vi*form (?), a. [Ovum + - form: cf. F. oviforme.] (Biol.) Having the form or figure of an egg; egg-shaped; as, an oviform leaf.
O*vig"er*ons (?), a. [Ovum + -gerous: cf. F. ovigere.] (Biol.) Bearing eggs; oviferous.
O"vile (?), a. See Ovine.
O"vine (?), a. [L. ovinus, fr. ovis sheep: cf. F. ovine.] Of or pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep.
||O*vip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Oviparous.] (Zoöl.) An artificial ||division of vertebrates, including those that lay eggs; -- opposed to ||Vivipara.
O`vi*par"i*ty (?), n. [See Oviparous.] (Biol.) Generation by means of ova. See Generation.
O*vip"a*rous (?), a. [L. oviparus; ovum egg + parere to bring forth: cf. F. ovipare.] (Physiol.) Producing young from rggs; as, an oviparous animal, in which the egg is generally separated from the animal, and hatched after exclusion; -- opposed to viviparous.
O`vi*pos"it (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oviposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Ovipositing.] [See Ovum, and Posit.] To lay or deposit eggs; -- said esp. of insects.
O`vi*pos"it, v. t. To deposit or lay (an egg).
{ O`vi*pos"it*ing (?), O`vi*po*si"tion (?), } n. The depositing of eggs, esp. by insects.
O`vi*pos"i*tor (?), n. [L. ovum an egg + positor a placer, fr. ponere to place.] (Zoöl.) The organ with which many insects and some other animals deposit their eggs. Some ichneumon files have a long ovipositor fitted to pierce the eggs or larvæ of other insects, in order to lay their own eggs within the same.
O"vi*sac (?), n. [Ovum + sac.] (Anat) (a) A Graafian follicle; any sac containing an ovum or ova. (b) The inner layer of the fibrous wall of a Graafian follicle.
O"vist (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Ovulist.
||O`vo*coc"cus (?), n.; pl. Ovococci (#). [Ovum + Gr. &?; grain, seed.] ||(Biol.) A germinal vesicle.
{ O"void (?), O*void"al (?), } a. [Ovum + -oid: cf. F. ovoïde.] Resembling an egg in shape; egg-shaped; ovate; as, an ovoidal apple.
O"void (?), n. A solid resembling an egg in shape.
O"vo*lo (?), n. [It. ovolo, uovolo, fr. L. ovum an egg. Cf. Ovule.] (Arch.) A round, convex molding. See Illust. of Column.
In Roman work it is usually a quarter circle in section; in Greek work it is flatter, and is equivalent to the echinus; that is, it has in section the elastic curve of the shell of the sea urchin. In mediæval architecture it is not distinguishable from the multitude of convex moldings, of all sections, which are used.
O*vol"o*gy (?), n. [Ovum + - logy. Cf. F. ovologie.] That branch of natural history which treats of the origin and functions of eggs.
O`vo*plas"ma (?), n. [Ovum + plasma.] (Boil.) Yolk; egg yolk. Haeckel.
O`vo*test"tis (?), n. [NL. See Ovum, and Testis.] (Zoöl.) An organ which produces both ova and spermatozoids; an hermaphrodite gland.
O*vo*vi*vip"a*rous (?), a. [Ovum + viviparous: cf. F. ovovivipare.] (Biol.) Oviparous, but hatching the egg while it is within the body, as some fishes and reptiles.
O"vu*lar (?), a. (Biol.) Relating or belonging to an ovule; as, an ovular growth.
O"vu*la*ry (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to ovules.
O"vu*late (?), a. (Biol.) Containing an ovule or ovules.
O`vu*la"tion (?), n. (Phisiol.) The formation of ova or eggs in the ovary, and the discharge of the same. In the mammalian female the discharge occurs during menstruation.
O"vule (?), n. [Dim. of L. ovum an egg: cf. F. ovule. Cf. Ovolo, Ovulum.] (Biol.) (a) The rudiment of a seed. It grows from a placenta, and consists of a soft nucleus within two delicate coatings. The attached base of the ovule is the hilum, the coatings are united with the nucleus at the chalaza, and their minute orifice is the foramen. (b) An ovum.
O`vu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Ovule + -ferous.] (biol.) Producing ovules.
O"vu*list (?), n. (Biol.) A believer in the theory (called encasement theory), current during the last century, that the egg was the real animal germ, and that at the time of fecundation the spermatozoa simply gave the impetus which caused the unfolding of the egg, in which all generations were inclosed one within the other. Also called ovist.
O"vu*lite (?), n. [Ovum + - lite.] A fossil egg.
||O"vu*lum (?), n.; pl. Ovula (#). [NL. See Ovule.] (Biol.) An ovule.
||O"vum (?), n.; pl. L. Ova (#), E. Ovums (#). [L., an egg. See Oval.] ||1. (Biol.) A more or less spherical and transparent mass of granular ||protoplasm, which by a process of multiplication and growth develops ||into a mass of cells, constituting a new individual like the parent; ||an egg, spore, germ, or germ cell. See Illust. of Mycropyle.
The ovum is a typical cell, with a cell wall, cell substance, nucleus, and nucleolus. In man and the higher animals the cell wall, a vertically striated membrane, is called the zona pellucida; the cell contents, the vitellus; the nucleus, the germinal vesicle; and the nucleolus, the germinal spot. The diameter of the ripe ovum in man and the domestic animals varies between 1-200 and 1-120 of an inch.
2. (Arch.) One of the series of egg- shaped ornaments into which the ovolo is often carved. Gwilt.
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Owch (?), n. See Ouch. [Obs.] Speser.
Owe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owed (?), (Ought (&?;) obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Owing (?).] [OE. owen, awen,aghen, to have, own, have (to do), hence, owe, AS. gan to have; akin to G. eigen, a., own, Icel. eiga to have, Dan. eie, Sw. äga, Goth. áigan, Skr. &?;. &?;&?;&?;&?;. Cf. Ought, v., 2d Own, Fraught.] 1. To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own. [Obs.]
Thou dost here usurp The name thou ow'st not.
Shak.
2. To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or obliged for; as, he owed his wealth to his father; he owed his victory to his lieutenants. Milton.
O deem thy fall not owed to man's decree.
Pope.
3. Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render (something) in return or compensation for something received; to be indebted in the sum of; as, the subject owes allegiance; the fortunate owe assistance to the unfortunate.
The one ought five hundred pence, and the other fifty.
Bible (1551).
A son owes help and honor to his father.
Holyday.
Owe was sometimes followed by an objective clause introduced by the infinitive. "Ye owen to incline and bow your heart." Chaucer.
4. To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done or received; to be indebted to; as, to iwe the grocer for supplies, or a laborer for services.
Ow"el (?), a. [OF. oel, owel, iwel,ivel, F. égal, fr. L. aequalis.] (Law) Equal. [Obs.] Burrill.
Ow"el*ty (?), n. [OF. oelté, ivelté.] (Law) Equality; -- sometimes written ovelty and ovealty. Burrill.
Ow"en (?), a.[See Own.] Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ow"en*ite (?), n. A follower of Robert Owen, who tried to reorganize society on a socialistic basis, and established an industrial community on the Clyde, Scotland, and, later, a similar one in Indiana.
O"wher (?), adv. [AS. hwær.] Anywhere. [Obs.] "If he found owher a good fellow." Chaucer.
Ow`ing (?), p. p. & a. [Used in a passive sense for owed (AS. gen. See Own).] 1. Had or held under obligation of paying; due.
There is more owing her than is paid.
Shak.
2. Had or experienced as a consequence, result, issue, etc.; ascribable; -- with to; as, misfortunes are often owing to vices; his failure was owing to speculations.
Owl (?), n. [AS. le; akin to D. uil, OHG. wila, G. eule, Icel. ugla, Sw. ugla, Dan. ugle.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any species of raptorial birds of the family Strigidæ. They have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits.
Some species have erectile tufts of feathers on the head. The feathers are soft and somewhat downy. The species are numerous. See Barn owl, Burrowing owl, Eared owl, Hawk owl, Horned owl, Screech owl, Snowy owl, under Barn, Burrowing, etc.
In the Scriptures the owl is commonly associated with desolation; poets and story-tellers introduce it as a bird of ill omen. . . . The Greeks and Romans made it the emblem of wisdom, and sacred to Minerva, -- and indeed its large head and solemn eyes give it an air of wisdom. Am. Cyc.
2. (Zoöl.) A variety of the domestic pigeon.
Owl monkey (Zoöl.), any one of several species of South American nocturnal monkeys of the genus Nyctipithecus. They have very large eyes. Called also durukuli. -- Owl moth (Zoöl.), a very large moth (Erebus strix). The expanse of its wings is over ten inches. -- Owl parrot (Zoöl.), the kakapo. -- Sea owl (Zoöl.), the lumpfish. -- Owl train, a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in the nighttime.
Owl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Owled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Owling.] 1. To pry about; to prowl. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To carry wool or sheep out of England. [Obs.]
This was formerly illegal, and was done chiefly by night.
3. Hence, to carry on any contraband trade. [Eng.]
Owl"er (?), n. [From Owl, v. i.] One who owls; esp., one who conveys contraband goods. See Owling, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.
Owl"er*y (?), n.; pl. Owleries (&?;). An abode or a haunt of owls.
Owl"et (?), n. [Dim. of owl. Cf. Howlet.] (Zoöl.) A small owl; especially, the European species (Athene noctua), and the California flammulated owlet (Megascops flammeolus).
Owlet moth (Zoöl.), any noctuid moth.
Owl"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes like an owl's.
Owl"ing, n. [From Owl, v. i.] (O. Eng. Law) The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England contrary to the statute formerly existing. Blackstone.
Owl"ish, a. Resembling, or characteristic of, an owl.
Owl"ism (?), n. Affected wisdom; pompous dullness. [R.]
Owl"light` (?), n. Glimmering or imperfect light. [R.] Bp. Warburton.
Own (n), v. t. [OE. unnen to grant, permit, be pleased with, AS. unnan to grant; akin to OS. giunnan, G. gönnen, Icel. unna; of uncertain origin. This word has been confused with own to possess.] To grant; to acknowledge; to admit to be true; to confess; to recognize in a particular character; as, we own that we have forfeited your love.
The wakeful bloodhound rose, and shook his hide; But his sagacious eye an inmate owns.
Keats.
Own, a. [OE. owen, awen, auen, aughen, AS. gen, p. p. of gan to possess; akin to OS. gan, G. & D. eigen, Icel. eiginn, Sw. & Dan. egen. √110. See Owe.] Belonging to; belonging exclusively or especially to; peculiar; -- most frequently following a possessive pronoun, as my, our, thy, your, his, her, its, their, in order to emphasize or intensify the idea of property, peculiar interest, or exclusive ownership; as, my own father; my own composition; my own idea; at my own price. "No man was his own [i. e., no man was master of himself, or in possession of his senses]." Shak.
To hold one's own, to keep or maintain one's possessions; to yield nothing; esp., to suffer no loss or disadvantage in a contest. Shak.
Own, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Owning.] [OE. ohnien, ahnien, AS. gnian, fr. gen own, a. See Own, a.] To hold as property; to have a legal or rightful title to; to be the proprietor or possessor of; to possess; as, to own a house.
Own"er (?), n. One who owns; a rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. Shak.
Own"er*less, a. Without an owner.
Own"er*ship, n. The state of being an owner; the right to own; exclusive right of possession; legal or just claim or title; proprietorship.
Owre (?), n. [AS. r; akin to G. auerochs, OHG. r, rohso, Icel. rr.] (Zoöl.) The aurochs. [Obs.]
{ Owse (ouz), Ow"ser (ou"zr), } n. Tanner's ooze. See Ooze, 3.
Ox (ks), n.; pl. Oxen (#). [AS. oxa; akin to D. os. G. ochs, ochse, OHG. ohso, Icel. oxi, Sw. & Dan. oxe, Goth. aúhsa, Skr. ukshan ox, bull; cf. Skr. uksh to sprinkle. √214. Cf. Humid, Aurochs.] (Zoöl.) The male of bovine quadrupeds, especially the domestic animal when castrated and grown to its full size, or nearly so. The word is also applied, as a general name, to any species of bovine animals, male and female.
All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field.
Ps. viii. 7.
The castrated male is called a steer until it attains its full growth, and then, an ox; but if castrated somewhat late in life, it is called a stag. The male, not castrated, is called a bull. These distinctions are well established in regard to domestic animals of this genus. When wild animals of this kind are spoken of, ox is often applied both to the male and the female. The name ox is never applied to the individual cow, or female, of the domestic kind. Oxen may comprehend both the male and the female.
Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak. -- Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu. -- Javan ox (Zoöl.), the banteng. -- Musk ox. (Zoöl.) See under Musk. -- Ox bile. See Ox gall, below. -- Ox gall, the fresh gall of the domestic ox; -- used in the arts and in medicine. -- Ox pith, ox marrow. [Obs.] Marston. -- Ox ray (Zoöl.), a very large ray (Dicerobatis Giornæ) of Southern Europe. It has a hornlike organ projecting forward from each pectoral fin. It sometimes becomes twenty feet long and twenty-eight feet broad, and weighs over a ton. Called also sea devil. -- To have the black ox tread on one's foot, to be unfortunate; to know what sorrow is (because black oxen were sacrificed to Pluto). Leigh Hunt.
Ox`ac"id (ks`s"d), n. (Chem.) See Oxyacid.
Ox"a*lan (?), n. [From Alloxan, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance C3N3H5O3 obtained from alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white crystalline powder; -- called also oxaluramide.
Ox`a*lan"tin (?), n. [From Alloxantin, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C6H4N4O5) obtained by the reduction of parabanic acid; -- called also leucoturic acid.
Ox"a*late (?), n. [Cf. F. oxalate. See Oxalic.] (Chem.) A salt of oxalic acid.
Ox*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) Same as Glyoxal.
Ox`al*eth"yl*ine (?), n. [Oxalic + ethyl + -ine.] A poisonous nitrogenous base (C6H10N2) obtained indirectly from oxamide as a thick transparent oil which has a strong narcotic odor, and a physiological action resembling that of atropine. It is probably related to pyridine.
Ox*al"ic (?), a. [From Oxalis: cf. F. oxalique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or oxalis; specifically, designating an acid found in, and characteristic of, oxalis, and also certain plant of the Buckwheat family.
Oxalic acid (Chem.), a dibasic acid, existing combined in oxalis as an acid potassium oxalate, and in many plant tissues as the calcium oxalate. It is prepared on a large scale, by the action of fused caustic soda or potash on sawdust, as a white crystalline substance, which has a strong acid taste, and is poisonous in large doses. It is used in dyeing, calico printing, bleaching flax and straw, the preparation of formic acid, and in salts of lemon for removing ink stains, mold, etc.
Ox"a*line (?), n. [Glyoxal + - ine.] (Chem.) See Glyoxaline.
Ox"a*lis (?), n. [L., a kind of sorrel, Gr. &?;&?;&?;, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?; sharp, pungent, acid.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, mostly herbs, with acid-tasting trifoliolate or multifoliolate leaves; -- called also wood sorrel.
Ox"a*lite (?), n. (Min.) A yellow mineral consisting of oxalate of iron.
Ox`a*lur*am"ide (?), n. [Oxaluric + amide.] (Chem.) Same as Oxalan.
Ox`a*lur"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxaluric acid.
Ox`a*lur"ic (?), a. [Oxalyl + urea.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid related to the ureids, and obtained from parabanic acid as a white silky crystalline substance.
Ox"a*lyl (?), n. [Oxalic + - yl.] (Chem.) (a) A hydrocarbon radical (C2O2) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it. (b) An old name for carbonyl. (c) An old name for carboxyl.
Ox*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxamic acid.
Ox`a*meth"ane (?), n. [Oxamic + ethyl.] (Chem.) Ethyl oxamate, obtained as a white scaly crystalline powder.
Ox`a*meth"yl*ane (?), n. [Oxamic + methyl.] (Chem.) Methyl oxamate, obtained as a pearly white crystalline substance.
Ox*am"ic (?), a. [Oxalic + amido] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid NH2.C2O2.HO obtained as a fine crystalline powder, intermediate between oxalic acid and oxamide. Its ammonium salt is obtained by boiling oxamide with ammonia.
Ox*am"ide (?), n, [Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline neutral substance (C2O2(NH2)2) obtained by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide of oxalic acid. Formerly called also oxalamide.
Ox*am"i*dine (?), n. [Oxygen + amido + -ine.] (Chem.) One of a series of bases containing the amido and the isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom.
Ox`a*nil*am"ide (?), n. [Oxanilic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly by the action of cyanogen on aniline, and regarded as an anilide of oxamic acid; -- called also phenyl oxamide.
Ox*an"i*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxanilic acid.
Ox`an*il"ic (?), a. [Oxalic + aniline.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, oxalic acid and aniline; -- used to designate an acid obtained in white crystalline scales by heating these substances together.
Ox*an"i*lide (?), n. [Oxalic + aniline + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, resembling oxanilamide, obtained by heating aniline oxalate, and regarded as a double anilide of oxalic acid; -- called also diphenyl oxamide.
Ox"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) A poisonous bulbous plant (Buphane toxicaria) of the Cape of Good Hope.
Ox"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The sanderling. (c) An African weaver bird (Textor alector).
Ox"bit`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) The cow blackbird. [Local, U. S.]
Ox"bow` (?), n. A frame of wood, bent into the shape of the letter U, and embracing an ox's neck as a kind of collar, the upper ends passing through the bar of the yoke; also, anything so shaped, as a bend in a river.
Ox"eye` (?), n. [Ox + eye.] 1. (Bot.) (a) The oxeye daisy. See under Daisy. (b) The corn camomile (Anthemis arvensis). (c) A genus of composite plants (Buphthalmum) with large yellow flowers.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, especially the great titmouse (Parus major) and the blue titmouse (P. cœruleus). [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dunlin. (c) A fish; the bogue, or box.
Creeping oxeye (Bot.) a West Indian composite plant (Wedelia carnosa). -- Seaside oxeye (Bot.), a West Indian composite shrub (Borrichia arborescens).
Ox"*eyed` (?), a. Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. Burton.
Ox"fly` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gadfly of cattle.
Ox"ford (?), a. Of or pertaining to the city or university of Oxford, England.
Oxford movement. See Tractarianism. -- Oxford School, a name given to those members of the Church of England who adopted the theology of the so-called Oxford "Tracts for the Times," issued the period 1833 -- 1841. Shipley. -- Oxford tie, a kind of shoe, laced on the instep, and usually covering the foot nearly to the ankle.
Ox"gang` (?), n. [Ox + gang, n., 1.] (O. Eng. Law) See Bovate.
Ox"goad` (?), n. A goad for driving oxen.
Ox"head` (?), n. [Cf. Hogshead.] Literally, the head of an ox (emblem of cuckoldom); hence, a dolt; a blockhead.
Dost make a mummer of me, oxhead?
Marston.
Ox"heal` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Bear's-foot.
Ox"heart` (?), n. A large heart- shaped cherry, either black, red, or white.
Ox"hide` (?), n. 1. The skin of an ox, or leather made from it.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A measure of land. See 3d Hide.
Ox"id (?), n. (Chem.) See Oxide.
Ox`i*da*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. oxydabilité.] Capability of being converted into an oxide.
Ox"i*da*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. oxydable.] Capable of being converted into an oxide.
Ox"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidating.] [Cf. f. oxyder. See Oxide.] (Chem.) To oxidize. [Obs.]
Ox`i*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxidation.] (Chem.) The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized.
Ox"i*da`tor (?), n. 1. An oxidizer. [Obs.]
2. A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp; -- called also oxygenator.
<! p. 1027 !>
Ox"ide (?), n. [F. oxygène oxygen + acide acid: cf. F. oxyde. The French word was correctly spelt oxide, till about the year 1840, when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it represent the υ of Gr. 'oxy`s, from which it was supposed to be directly derived.] (Chem.) A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary; as, iron oxide, ethyl oxide, nitrogen oxide, etc.
In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide) properties, as contrasted with the acids, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. The orthography oxyde, oxyd, etc., was afterwards introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling oxid is not common.
Ox"i*di`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being oxidized.
Ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidizing.] (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent. Specifically: (a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as, to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid. (b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde. (c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride.
In certain cases to oxidize is identical with to acidify; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state.
Ox"i*dize`ment (?), n. Oxidation. [R.]
Ox"i*di`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong oxidizers.
Ox*id"u*la`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Existing in the state of a protoxide; -- said of an oxide. [R.]
Ox"ime (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.
Ox*in"dol (?), n. [Oxygen + indol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C8H7NO) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called lactam compound.
Ox`i*od"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and oxygen.
Ox"like (?), a. Characteristic of, or like, an ox.
Ox"lip` (?), n. [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.] (Bot.) The great cowslip (Primula veris, var. elatior).
Ox"o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of oxonic acid.
Ox*o"ni*an (?), a. Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England. Macaulay.
Ox*o"ni*an, n. A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.
Ox*on"ic (?), a. [Prob. glyoxalic + carbonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid (C4H5N3O4) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is related.
Ox"peck`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) An African bird of the genus Buphaga; the beefeater.
Ox"shoe` (?), n. A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to the hoof.
Ox"ter (?), n. [AS. hsta.] The armpit; also, the arm. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Ox"tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of their leaves; as, Anchusa officinalis, a kind of bugloss, and Helminthia echioides, both European herbs.
Ox"y- (?). (Chem.) A prefix, also used adjectively, designating: (a) A compound containing oxygen. (b) A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-.
Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below).
Ox`y*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + acetic.] Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also glycolic acid.
Ox`y*ac"id (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + acid.] (Chem.) An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; -- contrasted with the hydracids, which contain no oxygen, as hydrochloric acid. See Acid, and Hydroxy-.
Ox`y*am*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + ammonia.] (Chem.) Same as Hydroxylamine.
Ox`y*ben"zene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + benzene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy benzene. Same as Phenol.
Ox`y*ben*zo"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + benzoic.] (Chem.) Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest is salicylic acid.
Ox`y*bro"mic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and bromine.
Ox`y*bu*tyr"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + butyric.] (Chem.) Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric acids (C3H6.OH.CO2H).
Ox`y*cal"ci*um (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + calcium.] Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; as, the oxycalcium light. See Drummond light.
Ox`y*ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See Leucic.
Ox`y*chlo"ric (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + chloric.] (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds containing oxygen and chlorine. (b) Formerly designating an acid now called perchloric acid. See Perchloric.
Ox`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + chloride.] (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as, plumbic oxychloride.
Ox"y*crate (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;;&?;&?;&?;&?; acid + &?;&?;&?;&?; to mix: cf. F. oxycrat.] (med.) A Mixture of water and vinegar. Wiseman.
Ox`y*cy"mene (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + cymene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy cymene. Same as Carvacrol.
Ox"y*gen (?), n. [F. oxygène, from Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; sharp, acid + root of &?;&?;&?;&?; to be born. So called because originally supposed to be an essential part of every acid.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96.
It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate.
This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature.
2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name]
Ox"y*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Oxygenating (?).] [Cf. F. oxygéner.] (Chem.) To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).
Ox`y*gen*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. oxygénation.] (Chem.) The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation.
Ox"y*gen*a`tor (?), n. An oxidizer.
Ox`y*gen"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen.
||Ox`y*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) The technical name of oxygen. ||[R.]
Ox"y*gen*i"za*ble (?), a. (Chem.) Oxidizable.
Ox"y*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Oxygenizing (?).] (Chem.) To oxidize.
Ox"y*gen*ize`ment (?), n. Oxidation.
Ox*yg"e*nous (?), a. Oxygenic.
Ox"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; an angle: cf.F. oxygone.] (Geom.) A triangle having three acute angles.
{ Ox*yg"o*nal (?), Ox`y*go"ni*al (?), } a. Having acute angles. Barlow.
{ Ox`Y*hæm`a*cy"a*nin (?), Ox`y*hæm`o*cy"a*nin (?), } n. [Oxy- (a) + hæmacyanin, hæmocyanin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Hæmacyanin.
{ Ox`y*hæm`o*glo"bin, Ox`y*hem`o*glo"bin } (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + hæmoglobin, hemoglobin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Hemoglobin.
Ox`y*hy"dro*gen (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + hydrogen.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas.
Oxyhydrogen blowpipe. (Chem.) See Blowpipe. -- Oxyhydrogen microscope, a form of microscope arranged so as to use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current of oxyhydrogen gas.
Ox"y*mel (?), n. [L. oxymeli, Gr. &?;&?;&?;; &?;&?;&?;&?; acid + &?;&?;&?; honey.] (Med.) A mixture of honey, water, vinegar, and spice, boiled to a sirup. Sir T. Elyot.
Ox`y*meth"yl*ene, n. [Oxy- (a) + methylene.] (Chem.) Formic aldehyde, regarded as a methylene derivative.
||Ox`y*mo"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;, fr. &?;&?;&?; pointedly ||foolish; &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; foolish.] (Rhet.) A figure in ||which an epithet of a contrary signification is added to a word; e. ||g., cruel kindness; laborious idleness.
Ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n. (Old Chem.) A salt of the supposed oxymuriatic acid; a chloride.
Oxymuriate of lime, chloride of lime.
Ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [Oxy- (a) + muriatic: cf. F. oxymuriatique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, oxygen and muriatic acid, that is, hydrochloric acid. [Archaic.]
Oxymuriatic acid, chlorine, formerly so called on the supposition that it was a compound of oxygen and muriatic acid. [Obs.]
Ox`y*neu"rine (?), n. (Chem.) See Betaine.
Ox*yn"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; to make acid.] (Physiol.) Acid; producing acid; -applied especially to certain glands and cells in the stomach.
{ ||Ox`y*o"pi*a (?), Ox"y*o`py (?), } n. [NL. oxyopia, from Gr. &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; sight.] (Med.) Excessive acuteness of sight.
Ox`y*phe"nic (?), a. [Oxy- (b) + phenol.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the phenol formerly called oxyphenic acid, and now oxyphenol and pyrocatechin. See Pyrocatechin.
Ox`y*phe"nol (?), n. (Chem.) A phenol, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, produced by the distillation of catechin; called also oxyphenic acid, and now pyrocatechin.
Ox*yph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?;&?; voice.] Acuteness or shrillness of voice.
Ox`y*quin"o*line (?), n. [Oxy- (b) + quinoline.] (Chem.) Hydroxy quinoline; a phenol derivative of quinoline, -- called also carbostyril.
||Ox`y*rhyn"cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.&?;&?;&?;&?; sharp + ||&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; snout.] (Zoöl.) The maioid crabs.
Ox*yr"rho*dine (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; (sc. &?;&?;&?;); 'oxy`s acid + &?;&?;&?;&?; made of roses, &?;&?;&?;&?; rose.] (Med.) A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses. Floyer.
Ox"y*salt (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + salt.] (Chem.) A salt of an oxyacid, as a sulphate.
Ox`y*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and sulphur.
Ox`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) An oxysulphide. [Obsolescent]
Ox`y*toc"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; sharp, quick + &?;&?;&?;&?; birth.] (Med.) Promoting uterine contractions, or parturition. -- n. An oxytocic medicine or agent.
Ox`y*tol"u*ene (?), n. [Oxy- (a) + toluene.] One of three hydroxy derivatives of toluene, called the cresols. See Cresol.
Ox"y*tone (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;; &?;&?;&?; sharp + &?;&?;&?; tone.] Having an acute sound; (Gr. Gram.), having an acute accent on the last syllable.
Ox"y*tone, n. 1. An acute sound.
2. (Gr. Gram.) A word having the acute accent on the last syllable.
Ox`y*ton"ic*al (?), a. (Gr. Gram.) Oxytone.
O"yer (?), n. [Anglo F., a hearing, from OF. oïr, F. ouïr, to hear, L. audire. See Audible.] (Law) A hearing or an inspection, as of a deed, bond, etc., as when a defendant in court prays oyer of a writing. Blackstone.
Oyer and terminer (Law), a term used in England in commissions directed to judges of assize about to hold court, directing them to hear and determine cases brought before them. In the U.S. the phrase is used to designate certain criminal courts.
O"yez` (ys; 277), interj. [Anglo-F. oyez hear ye. See Oyer.] Hear; attend; -- a term used by criers of courts to secure silence before making a proclamation. It is repeated three times. [Written also oyes.]
Oy"let (?), n. [See Eyelet.] 1. See Eyelet.
2. (Arch.) Same as Oillet.
Oy"noun (?), n. Onion. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Oys"ter (?), n. [OF. oistre, F. huître, L. ostrea, ostreum, Gr. 'o`streon; prob. akin to 'ostre`on bone, the oyster being so named from its shell. Cf. Osseous, Ostracize.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the American oyster (Ostrea Virginiana), are the most important species.
2. A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl.
Fresh-water oyster (Zoöl.), any species of the genus Etheria, and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America. They are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters, but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water mussels. -- Oyster bed, a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are deposited to grow and fatten for market. See 1st Scalp, n. -- Oyster catcher (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wading birds of the genus Hæmatopus, which frequent seashores and feed upon shellfish. The European species (H. ostralegus), the common American species (H. palliatus), and the California, or black, oyster catcher (H. Bachmani) are the best known. -- Oyster crab (Zoöl.) a small crab (Pinnotheres ostreum) which lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster. -- Oyster dredge, a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from the bottom of the sea. -- Oyster fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The tautog. (b) The toadfish. -- Oyster plant. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Tragopogon (T. porrifolius), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster in taste; salsify; -- called also vegetable oyster. (b) A plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia (Mertensia maritima), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor of oysters. -- Oyster plover. (Zoöl.) Same as Oyster catcher, above. -- Oyster shell (Zoöl.), the shell of an oyster. -- Oyster wench, Oyster wife, Oyster women, a women who deals in oysters. -- Pearl oyster. (Zoöl.) See under Pearl. -- Thorny oyster (Zoöl.), any spiny marine shell of the genus Spondylus.
Oys"ter-green` (?), n. (Bot.) A green membranous seaweed (Ulva) often found growing on oysters but common on stones, piles, etc.
Oys"ter*ing, n. Gathering, or dredging for, oysters.
Oys"ter*ling (?), n. (Zoöl.) A young oyster.
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O*ze"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ozaena, Gr. 'o`zaina, fr. 'o`zein to smell.] (Med.) A discharge of fetid matter from the nostril, particularly if associated with ulceration of the soft parts and disease of the bones of the nose.
O`zo*ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. 'o`zein to smell + &?; wax.] (Min.) A waxlike mineral resin; -- sometimes called native paraffin, and mineral wax.
O`zo*na"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of treating with ozone; also, the act of converting into, or producing, ozone; ozonization.
O"zone (?), n. [Gr. 'o`zwn smelling, p. pr. of 'o`zein to smell. See Odor.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous substance (O&?;) obtained (as by the silent discharge of electricity in oxygen) as an allotropic form of oxygen, containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a streng oxidizer, and probably exists in the air, though by he ordinary tests it is liable to be confused with certain other substances, as hydrogen dioxide, or certain oxides of nitrogen. It derives its name from its peculiar odor, which resembles that of weak chlorine.
O*zon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, ozone.
O*zo`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Ozone + L. -ficare to make. See fy. ] (Chem.) The act or process of producing, or of subjecting to the action of, ozone.
O`zo*ni*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Ozonation.
O"zo*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ozonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ozonizing.] (Chem.) (a) To convert into ozone, as oxygen. (b) To treat with ozone.
O"zo*ni`zer (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus or agent for the production or application of ozone.
O`zo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Ozone + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, or in any gaseous mixture. Faraday.
O`zo*no*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or used for, the determination of the amount of ozone; of or relating to ozonometry.
O`zo*nom"e*try (?), n. (Chem.) The measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone.
O*zo"no*scope (?), n. [Ozone + -scope.] (Chem.) An apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount, of ozone.
O*zo`no*scop"ic (?), a. [Ozone + Gr. &?; to view.] (Chem.) Serving to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone.
O"zo*nous (?), a. Pertaining to or containing, ozone.