The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section M, N, and O (part 3 of 5)

The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section M, N, and O (part 3 of 5)

{ Mon`o*my"a*ri*an (?), Mon`o*my"a*ry (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Monomya. -- n. One of the Monomya.

Mon`o*no"mi*al (?), n. & a. Monomyal.

{ Mon`o*ou"si*an (?), Mon`o*ou"si*ous (?), } a. [Mono- + Gr. &?; being, substance, essence.] (Theil.) Having but one and the same nature or essence.

Mo*nop"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; mo`nos alone + &?;, &?;, to suffer.] Suffering or sensibility in a single organ or function. -- Mon`o*path"ic, a.

Mon`o*per"son*al (?), a. [Mono- + personal.] Having but one person, or form of existence.

Mon`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Mono- + petal: cf. F. monopétale.] (Bot.) Having only one petal, or the corolla in one piece, or composed of petals cohering so as to form a tube or bowl; gamopetalous.

The most recent authors restrict this form to flowers having a solitary petal, as in species of Amorpha, and use gamopetalous for a corolla of several petals combined into one piece. See Illust. of Gamopetalous.

Mo*noph"a*nous (?), a. [Mono- + Gr. &?; to show.] Having one and the same appearance; having a mutual resemblance.

Mon`o*phon"ic (?), a. [Mono- + Gr. &?; a voice.] (Mus.) Single-voiced; having but one part; as, a monophonic composition; -- opposed to polyphonic.

Mon"oph*thong (?), n. [Gr. &?; with one sound; mo`nos alone + &?; sound, voice.] 1. A single uncompounded vowel sound.

2. A combination of two written vowels pronounced as one; a digraph.

Mon`oph*thon"gal (?), a. Consisting of, or pertaining to, a monophthong.

Mon`o*phy*let"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; of one tribe, fr. mo`nos single + &?; clan.] (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a single family or stock, or to development from a single common parent form; -- opposed to polyphyletic; as, monophyletic origin.

Mo*noph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. mono`fyllos; mo`nos alone + fy`llon leaf: cf. F. monophylle.] (Bot.) One-leaved; composed of a single leaf; as, a monophyllous involucre or calyx.

Mon`o*phy"o*dont (?), a. [Gr. mo`nos single (mo`nos alone + &?; to produce) + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth.] (Anat.) Having but one set of teeth; -- opposed to diphyodont.

Mo*noph"y*site (?), n. [Gr. &?;; mo`nos single + &?; nature: cf. F. monophysite.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect, in the ancient church, who maintained that the human and divine in Jesus Christ constituted but one composite nature. Also used adjectively.

Mon`o*phy*sit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to Monophysites, or their doctrines.

Mon"o*plast (?), n. [Mono- + -plast.] (Biol.) A monoplastic element.

Mon`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Mono- + -plastic.] (Biol.) That has one form, or retains its primary form, as, a monoplastic element.

||Mon`ople"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mo`nos single + &?; a stroke.] ||(Med.) Paralysis affecting a single limb.

||Mon`op*neu"mo*na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Mono-, and Pneumonia.] (Zoöl.) ||A suborder of Dipnoi, including the Ceratodus. [Written also ||monopneumonia.]

Mon"o*pode (?), n. 1. One of a fabulous tribe or race of Ethiopians having but one leg and foot. Sir J. Mandeville. Lowell.

2. (Bot.) A monopodium.

Mon`o*po"di*al (?), a. (Bot.) Having a monopodium or a single and continuous axis, as a birchen twig or a cornstalk.

||Mon`o*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. L. Monopodia (#), E. -ums (#). [L. See ||Monopody.] (Bot.) A single and continuous vegetable axis; -- opposed ||to sympodium.

Mo*nop"o*dy (?), n. [Mono- + Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot: cf. &?;, &?;, one-footed.] (Pros.) A measure of but a single foot.

Mo*nop"o*ler (?), n. A monopolist. [Obs.]

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Mo*nop"o*list (m*np"*lst), n. One who monopolizes; one who has a monopoly; one who favors monopoly.

Mo*nop`o*lis"tic (-ls"tk), a. Of or pertaining to a monopolist. North Am. Rev.

Mo*nop"o*lite (?), n. A monopolist. Sylvester.

Mo*nop"o*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Monopolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Monopolizing (?).] [From Monopoly.] To acquire a monopoly of; to have or get the exclusive privilege or means of dealing in, or the exclusive possession of; to engross the whole of; as, to monopolize the coffee trade; to monopolize land.

Mo*nop"o*li`zer (?), n. One who monopolizes.

Mo*nop"o*ly (?), n.; pl. Monopolies (#). [L. monopolium, Gr. &?;, &?;; mo`nos alone + &?; to sell.] 1. The exclusive power, or privilege of selling a commodity; the exclusive power, right, or privilege of dealing in some article, or of trading in some market; sole command of the traffic in anything, however obtained; as, the proprietor of a patented article is given a monopoly of its sale for a limited time; chartered trading companies have sometimes had a monopoly of trade with remote regions; a combination of traders may get a monopoly of a particular product.

Raleigh held a monopoly of cards, Essex a monopoly of sweet wines.

Macaulay.

2. Exclusive possession; as, a monopoly of land.

If I had a monopoly out, they would have part on 't.

Shak.

3. The commodity or other material thing to which the monopoly relates; as, tobacco is a monopoly in France. [Colloq.]

Mon`o*pol"y*logue (?), n. [Mono- + Gr. poly`s many + lo`gos speech.] An exhibition in which an actor sustains many characters.

Mon`o*psy"chism (?), n. [Mono- + Gr. &?; soul.] The doctrine that there is but one immortal soul or intellect with which all men are endowed.

Mo*nop"ter*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; with a row of pillars only; mo`nos alone, only + &?; feather, wing, also, a row of pillars: cf. F. monoptère.] (Arch.) Round and without a cella; consisting of a single ring of columns supporting a roof; -- said esp. of a temple.

||Mo*nop"ter*on (?), n.; pl. Monoptera (#). [NL. See Monopteral.] ||(Arch.) A circular temple consisting of a roof supported on columns, ||without a cella.

Mon"op*tote (?), n. [L. monoptotum, Gr. &?;; mo`nos single + &?; apt to fall, fallen, fr. &?; to fall; cf. &?; case.] (Gram.) 1. A noun having only one case. Andrews.

2. A noun having only one ending for the oblique cases.

Mon`o*py*re"nous (?), a. [Mono- + pyrene.] (Bot.) Having but a single stone or kernel.

Mon`or*gan"ic (?), a. [Mon- + organic.] (Biol. & Med.) Belonging to, or affecting, a single organ, or set of organs.

||Mon`o*rhi"na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. mo`nos single + &?;, &?;, ||nose.] (Zoöl.) The Marsipobranchiata.

Mon"o*rhyme (?), n. [Mono- + rhyme: cf. F. monorime.] A composition in verse, in which all the lines end with the same rhyme.

Mon`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Mono- + sepal: cf. F. monosépale.] (Bot.) Having only one sepal, or the calyx in one piece or composed of the sepals united into one piece; gamosepalous.

The most recent writers restrict this term to flowers having a solarity sepal, and use gamosepalous for a calyx formed by several sepals combined into one piece. Cf. Monopetalous.

Mon"o*sperm (?), n. (Bot.) A monospermous plant.

{ Mon`o*sper"mal (?), Mon`o*sper"mous (?), } a. [Mono- + Gr. spe`rma seed: cf. F. monosperme.] (Bot.) Having only one seed.

Mon`o*spher"ic*al (?), a. [Mono- + spherical.] Consisting of one sphere only.

Mon"o*stich (?), n. [Gr. &?;, from &?; consisting of one verse; mo`nos single + sti`chos line, verse.] A composition consisting of one verse only.

Mo*nos"ti*chous (m*ns"t*ks), a. [See Monostich.] (Bot.) Arranged in a single row on one side of an axis, as the flowers in grasses of the tribe Chloridæ.

Mo*nos"tro*phe (m*ns"tr*f), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mono`strofos monostrophic.] A metrical composition consisting of a single strophe.

Mon`o*stroph"ic (mn`*strf"k), a. [Gr. monostrofiko`s; mo`nos single + strofh` strophe.] (Pros.) Having one strophe only; not varied in measure; written in unvaried measure. Milton.

Mon`o*sul"phide (?), n. [Mono- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide containing one atom of sulphur, and analogous to a monoxide; -- contrasted with a polysulphide; as, galena is a monosulphide.

Mon`o*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Mono- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) See Monosulphide.

Mon`o*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. monosyllabique.] Being a monosyllable, or composed of monosyllables; as, a monosyllabic word; a monosyllabic language. -- Mon`o*syl*lab"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Mon`o*syl"la*bism (?), n. The state of consisting of monosyllables, or having a monosyllabic form; frequent occurrence of monosyllables.

Mon"o*syl`la*ble (?), n. [L. monosyllabus of one syllable, Gr. &?;: cf. F. monosyllabe. See Mono-, Syllable.] A word of one syllable.

Mon"o*syl`la*bled (?), a. Formed into, or consisting of, monosyllables. Cleveland.

{ Mon`o*sym*met"ric (?), Mon`o*sym*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Mono- + symmetric, - ical.] (Crystallog.) Same as Monoclinic.

Mon`o*tes"sa*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mo`nos single + &?; four.] A single narrative framed from the statements of the four evangelists; a gospel harmony. [R.]

||Mon`o*thal"a*ma (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. mo`nos single + qa`lamos a ||chamber.] (Zoöl.) A division of Foraminifera including those that ||have only one chamber.

Mon`o*thal"a*man (?), n. [See Monothalamous.] (Zoöl.) A foraminifer having but one chamber.

Mon`o*thal"a*mous (?), a. [Mono- + Gr. qa`lamos chamber: cf. F. monothalame.] (Zoöl.) One-chambered.

Mon`o*thal"mic (?), a. [See Monothalamous.] (Bot.) Formed from one pistil; -- said of fruits. R. Brown.

Mon`o*the"cal (?), a. [Mono- + Br. &?; box.] (Bot.) Having a single loculament.

Mon"o*the*ism (?), n. [Mono- + Gr. &?; god: cf. F. monothéisme.] The doctrine or belief that there is but one God.

Mon"o*the*ist, n. [Cf. F. monothéiste.] One who believes that there is but one God.

Mon`o*the*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to monotheism.

{ Mo*noth"e*lism (?), Mo*noth"e*li*tism (?), } n. [Cf. F. monothélisme, monothélitisme.] The doctrine of the Monothelites.

Mo*noth"e*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;; mo`nos alone, only + &?;, &?;, to will, be willing: cf. F. monothélite.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of an ancient sect who held that Christ had but one will as he had but one nature. Cf. Monophysite. Gibbon.

Mon`o*the*lit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Monothelites, or their doctrine.

Mo*not"o*cous (?), a. [Mono- + Gr. &?; birth, offspring.] 1. (Bot.) Bearing fruit but once; monocarpic.

2. (Zoöl.) Uniparous; laying a single egg.

Mo*not"o*mous (?), a. [Mono- + Gr. &?; cutting, fr. &?; to cut.] (Min.) Having a distinct cleavage in a single direction only.

Mon"o*tone (?), n. [See Monotonous, Monotony.] 1. (Mus.) A single unvaried tone or sound.

2. (Rhet.) The utterance of successive syllables, words, or sentences, on one unvaried key or line of pitch.

{ Mon`o*ton"ic (?), Mon`o*ton"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or uttered in, a monotone; monotonous. "Monotonical declamation." Chesterfield.

Mo*not"o*nist (?), n. One who talks in the same strain or on the same subject until weariness is produced. Richardson.

Mo*not"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; mo`nos alone, single + &?; tone. See Tone.] Uttered in one unvarying tone; continued with dull uniformity; characterized by monotony; without change or variety; wearisome. -- Mo*not"o*nous*ly, adv. -- Mo*not"o*nous*ness, n.

Mo*not"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. monotonie. See Monotonius.] 1. A frequent recurrence of the same tone or sound, producing a dull uniformity; absence of variety, as in speaking or singing.

2. Any irksome sameness, or want of variety.

At sea, everything that breaks the monotony of the surrounding expanse attracts attention.

W. Irving.

||Mon`o*trem"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. mo`nos single + &?; hole.] ||(Zoöl.) A subclass of Mammalia, having a cloaca in which the ducts of ||the urinary, genital, and alimentary systems terminate, as in birds. ||The female lays eggs like a bird. See Duck mole, under Duck, and ||Echidna.

Mon`o*trem"a*tous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Monotremata.

Mon"o*treme (?), n. [Cf. F. monotrème.] (Zoöl.) One of the Monotremata.

Mon`o*tri"glyph (?), n. [Mono- + triglyph: cf. F. monotriglyphe.] (Arch.) A kind of intercolumniation in an entablature, in which only one triglyph and two metopes are introduced.

||Mo*not"ro*pa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mo`nos single + &?; turn, from &?; ||to turn.] (Bot.) A genus of parasitic or saprophytic plants including ||the Indian pipe and pine sap. The name alludes to the dropping end of ||the stem.

{ Mon"o*type (?), Mon`o*typ"ic (?), } a. [Mono- + -type: cf. F. monotype.] (Biol.) Having but one type; containing but one representative; as, a monotypic genus, which contains but one species.

Mo*nov"a*lent (?), a. [Mono- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of one; univalent. See Univalent.

Mo*nox"ide (?), n. [Mon- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing one atom of oxygen in each molecule; as, barium monoxide.

||Mo*nox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; made from one piece ||of wood; mo`nos alone + &?; wood.] A canoe or boat made from one ||piece of timber.

Mo*nox"y*lous (?), a. [See Monoxylon.] Made of one piece of wood.

||Mon`o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. mo`nos single + zo^,on an ||animal.] (Zoöl.) A division of Radiolaria; -- called also ||Monocyttaria. -- Mon`o*zo"ic (#), a.

Mon*roe" doc"trine. See under Doctrine.

||Mon`sei`gneur" (?), n.; pl. Messeigneurs (#). [F., fr. mon my + ||seigneur lord, L. senior older. See Senior, and cf. Monsieur.] My ||lord; -- a title in France of a person of high birth or rank; as, ||Monseigneur the Prince, or Monseigneur the Archibishop. It was given, ||specifically, to the dauphin, before the Revolution of 1789. (Abbrev. ||Mgr.)

Mon"sel's salt` (?). (Med.) A basic sulphate of iron; -- so named from Monsel, a Frenchman.

Mon"sel's so*lu"tion (?). [See Monsel's salt.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of Monsel's salt, having valuable styptic properties.

||Mon*sieur" (?), n.; pl. Messieurs (#). [F., fr. mon my + Sieur, ||abbrev. of seigneur lord. See Monseigneur.] 1. The common title of ||civility in France in speaking to, or of, a man; Mr. or Sir. ||[Represented by the abbreviation M. or Mons. in the singular, and by ||MM. or Messrs. in the plural.]

2. The oldest brother of the king of France.

3. A Frenchman. [Contemptuous] Shak.

||Mon`si*gno"re (?), n.; pl. Monsignors (#). [It., my lord. Cf. ||Monseigneur.] My lord; -- an ecclesiastical dignity bestowed by the ||pope, entitling the bearer to social and domestic rank at the papal ||court. (Abbrev. Mgr.)

Mon*soon" (?), n. [Malay msim, fr. Ar. mausim a time, season: cf. F. monson, mousson, Sr. monzon, Pg. monção, It. monsone.] A wind blowing part of the year from one direction, alternating with a wind from the opposite direction; -- a term applied particularly to periodical winds of the Indian Ocean, which blow from the southwest from the latter part of May to the middle of September, and from the northeast from about the middle of October to the middle of December.

Mon"ster (?), n. [OE. monstre, F. monstre, fr. L. monstrum, orig., a divine omen, indicating misfortune; akin of monstrare to show, point out, indicate, and monere to warn. See Monition, and cf. Demonstrate, Muster.] 1. Something of unnatural size, shape, or quality; a prodigy; an enormity; a marvel.

A monster or marvel.

Chaucer.

2. Specifically , an animal or plant departing greatly from the usual type, as by having too many limbs.

3. Any thing or person of unnatural or excessive ugliness, deformity, wickedness, or cruelty.

Mon"ster, a. Monstrous in size. Pope.

Mon"ster, v. t. To make monstrous. [Obs.] Shak.

Mon"strance (?), n. [LL. monstrantia, fr. L. monstrare to show: cf. OF. monstrance. See Monster.] (R. C. Ch.) A transparent pyx, in which the consecrated host is exposed to view.

Mon*stra"tion (?), n. [L. monstratio.] The act of demonstrating; proof. [Obs.]

A certain monstration.

Grafton.

Mon*stros"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Monstrosities (#). [Cf. F. monstruosité. See Monstrous.] The state of being monstrous, or out of the common order of nature; that which is monstrous; a monster. South.

A monstrosity never changes the name or affects the immutability of a species.

Adanson (Trans. ).

Mon"strous (?), a. [OE. monstruous, F. monstrueux, fr. L. monstruosus, fr. monstrum. See Monster.] 1. Marvelous; strange. [Obs.]

2. Having the qualities of a monster; deviating greatly from the natural form or character; abnormal; as, a monstrous birth. Locke.

He, therefore, that refuses to do good to them whom he is bound to love . . . is unnatural and monstrous in his affections.

Jer. Taylor.

3. Extraordinary in a way to excite wonder, dislike, apprehension, etc.; -- said of size, appearance, color, sound, etc.; as, a monstrous height; a monstrous ox; a monstrous story.

4. Extraordinary on account of ugliness, viciousness, or wickedness; hateful; horrible; dreadful.

So bad a death argues a monstrous life.

Shak.

5. Abounding in monsters. [R.]

Where thou, perhaps, under the whelming tide Visitest the bottom of the monstrous world.

Milton.

Mon"strous, adv. Exceedingly; very; very much. "A monstrous thick oil on the top." Bacon.

And will be monstrous witty on the poor.

Dryden.

Mon"strous*ly, adv. In a monstrous manner; unnaturally; extraordinarily; as, monstrously wicked. "Who with his wife is monstrously in love." Dryden.

Mon"strous*ness, n. The state or quality of being monstrous, unusual, extraordinary. Shak.

Mon`stru*os"i*ty (?), n. Monstrosity. [Obs.] Shak.

Mon"stru*ous (?), a. Monstrous. [Obs.]

||Mont (?), n. [F. See Mount, n.] Mountain.

Mon"taigne (?), n. A mountain. [Obs.]

Mon*tan"ic (?), a. [L. montanus, fr. mons, montis, mountain. See Mount, n.] Of or pertaining to mountains; consisting of mountains.

Mon"ta*nist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Mintanus, a Phrygian enthusiast of the second century, who claimed that the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, dwelt in him, and employed him as an instrument for purifying and guiding men in the Christian life. -- Mon`ta*nis"tic (#), Mon`ta*nis"tic*al (#), a.

Mon"tant (?), n. [F.,prop., mounting, fr. monter to mount, fr. L. mons, montis, mountain. See Mount.] 1. (Fencing) An upward thrust or blow. Shak.

2. (Arch.) An upright piece in any framework; a mullion or muntin; a stile. [R.] See Stile.

||Mont" de pi`é`té" (?). [F., fr. It. monte di pietà mount of piety.] ||One of certain public pawnbroking establishments which originated in ||Italy in the 15th century, the object of which was to lend money at a ||low rate of interest to poor people in need; -- called also mount of ||piety. The institution has been adopted in other countries, as in ||Spain and France. See Lombard-house.

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||Mon"te (mn"t), n. [Sp., lit., mountain, hence, the stock of cards ||remaining after laying out a certain number, fr. L. mons, montis, ||mountain.] A favorite gambling game among Spaniards, played with dice ||or cards.

Monte`-ac"id (?), n. [F. monter to raise + acide acid.] (Chem.) An acid elevator, as a tube through which acid is forced to some height in a sulphuric acid manufactory.

Mon*teith" (?), n. See Monteth.

Mon"tem (?), n. [L. ad montem to the hillock. See Mount, n.] A custom, formerly practiced by the scholars at Eton school, England, of going every third year, on Whittuesday, to a hillock near the Bath road, and exacting money from all passers-by, to support at the university the senior scholar of the school.

Mon*te"ro (?), n. [Sp. montera a hunting cap, fr. montero a huntsman, monte a mountain, forest, L. mons, montis, mountain. See Mount, n.] An ancient kind of cap worn by horsemen or huntsmen. Bacon.

{ Mon*teth" (?), Mon*teith" (?) }, n. A vessel in which glasses are washed; -- so called from the name of the inventor.

New things produce new words, and thus Monteth Has by one vessel saved his name from death.

King.

||Mont`gol"fier (?), n. A balloon which ascends by the buoyancy of air ||heated by a fire; a fire balloon; -- so called from two brothers, ||Stephen and Joseph Montgolfier, of France, who first constructed and ||sent up a fire balloon.

Month (mnth), n. [OE. month, moneth, AS. mnð, mnað; akin to mna moon, and to D. maand month, G. monat, OHG. mnd, Icel. mnuðr, mnaðr, Goth. mnþs. &radic;272. See Moon.] One of the twelve portions into which the year is divided; the twelfth part of a year, corresponding nearly to the length of a synodic revolution of the moon, -- whence the name. In popular use, a period of four weeks is often called a month.

In the common law, a month is a lunar month, or twenty-eight days, unless otherwise expressed. Blackstone. In the United States the rule of the common law is generally changed, and a month is declared to mean a calendar month. Cooley's Blackstone.

A month mind. (a) A strong or abnormal desire. [Obs.] Shak. (b) A celebration made in remembrance of a deceased person a month after death. Strype. -- Calendar months, the months as adjusted in the common or Gregorian calendar; April, June, September, and November, containing 30 days, and the rest 31, except February, which, in common years, has 28, and in leap years 29. -- Lunar month, the period of one revolution of the moon, particularly a synodical revolution; but several kinds are distinguished, as the synodical month, or period from one new moon to the next, in mean length 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 2.87 s.; the nodical month, or time of revolution from one node to the same again, in length 27 d. 5 h. 5 m. 36 s.; the sidereal, or time of revolution from a star to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 11.5 s.; the anomalistic, or time of revolution from perigee to perigee again, in length 27 d. 13 h. 18 m. 37.4 s.; and the tropical, or time of passing from any point of the ecliptic to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 4.7 s. -- Solar month, the time in which the sun passes through one sign of the zodiac, in mean length 30 d. 10 h. 29 m. 4.1 s.

Month"ling (?), n. That which is a month old, or which lives for a month. [R.] Wordsworth.

Month"ly, a. 1. Continued a month, or a performed in a month; as, the monthly revolution of the moon.

2. Done, happening, payable, published, etc., once a month, or every month; as, a monthly visit; monthly charges; a monthly installment; a monthly magazine.

Monthly nurse, a nurse who serves for a month or some short time, esp. one which attends women after childbirth.

Month"ly, n.; pl. Monthlies (&?;). A publication which appears regularly once a month.

Month"ly, adv. 1. Once a month; in every month; as, the moon changes monthly. Shak.

2. As if under the influence of the moon; in the manner of a lunatic. [Obs.] Middleton.

Mon"ti*cle (?), n. [L. monticulus, dim. of mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. monticule. See Mount, n.] A little mount; a hillock; a small elevation or prominence. [Written also monticule.]

Mon*tic"u*late (?), a. Furnished with monticles or little elevations.

Mon"ti*cule (?), n. See Monticle.

Mon*tic"u*lous (?), a. Monticulate.

Mon"ti*form (?), a. [L. mons, montis, mountain + -form.] Resembling a mountain in form.

Mon*tig"e*nous (?), a. [L. montigena; mons, montis, mountain + the root of gignere to beget.] Produced on a mountain.

||Mon`toir" (?), n. [F., fr. monter to mount. See Montant.] A stone ||used in mounting a horse; a horse block.

Mon"ton (?), n. [Sp.] (Mining) A heap of ore; a mass undergoing the process of amalgamation.

Mon*tross" (?), n. See Matross. [Obs.]

Mon"true (?), n. [F., fr. monter to mount. See Montoir.] That on which anything is mounted; a setting; hence, a saddle horse. [Obs.] Spenser.

Mon"u*ment (?), n. [F., fr. L. monumentum, fr. monere to remind, admonish. See Monition, and cf. Moniment.] 1. Something which stands, or remains, to keep in remembrance what is past; a memorial.

Of ancient British art A pleasing monument.

Philips.

Our bruised arms hung up for monuments.

Shak.

2. A building, pillar, stone, or the like, erected to preserve the remembrance of a person, event, action, etc.; as, the Washington monument; the Bunker Hill monument. Also, a tomb, with memorial inscriptions.

On your family's old monument Hang mournful epitaphs, and do all rites That appertain unto a burial.

Shak.

3. A stone or other permanent object, serving to indicate a limit or to mark a boundary.

4. A saying, deed, or example, worthy of record.

Acts and Monuments of these latter and perilous days.

Foxe.

Syn. -- Memorial; remembrance; tomb; cenotaph.

Mon`u*men"tal (?), a. [L. monumentalis: cf. F. monumental.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or suitable for, a monument; as, a monumental inscription.

2. Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory. "Of pine, or monumental oak." Milton.

A work outlasting monumental brass.

Pope.

Mon`u*men"tal*ly, adv. 1. By way of memorial.

2. By means of monuments.

Mon*u"re*id (?), n. [Mon- + ureid.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of complex nitrogenous substances regarded as derived from one molecule of urea; as, alloxan is a monureid. [Written also monureide.]

Moo (m), a., adv., & n. See Mo. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Moo (m), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mooing.] [Of imitative origin.] To make the noise of a cow; to low; -- a child's word.

Moo, n. The lowing of a cow.

Mood (md), n. [The same word as mode, perh. influenced by mood temper. See Mode.] 1. Manner; style; mode; logical form; musical style; manner of action or being. See Mode which is the preferable form).

2. (Gram.) Manner of conceiving and expressing action or being, as positive, possible, hypothetical, etc., without regard to other accidents, such as time, person, number, etc.; as, the indicative mood; the infinitive mood; the subjunctive mood. Same as Mode.

Mood, n. [OE. mood, mod, AS. mdmind, feeling, heart, courage; akin to OS. & OFries. md, D. moed, OHG. muot, G. muth, mut, courage, Dan. & Sw. mod, Icel. mðr wrath, Goth. mds.] Temper of mind; temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feeling; humor; as, a melancholy mood; a suppliant mood.

Till at the last aslaked was his mood.

Chaucer.

Fortune is merry, And in this mood will give us anything.

Shak.

The desperate recklessness of her mood.

Hawthorne.

Moo"der (?), n. Mother. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mood"i*ly (md"*l), adv. In a moody manner.

Mood"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being moody; specifically, liability to strange or violent moods.

||Moo"dir (?), n. [Ar. mudr.] The governor of a province in Egypt, etc. ||[Written also mudir.]

Mood"ish (?), a. Moody. [Obs.]

Mood"ish*ly, adv. Moodily. [Obs.]

Mood"y (-), a. [Compar. Moodier (?); superl. Moodiest.] [AS. mdig courageous.] 1. Subject to varying moods, especially to states of mind which are unamiable or depressed.

2. Hence: Out of humor; peevish; angry; fretful; also, abstracted and pensive; sad; gloomy; melancholy. "Every peevish, moody malcontent." Rowe.

Arouse thee from thy moody dream!

Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- Gloomy; pensive; sad; fretful; capricious.

{ Moo"lah (?), Mool"lah }, n. See Mollah.

Mool"ley (?), n. Same as Mulley.

Moon (mn), n. [OE. mone, AS. mna; akin to D. maan, OS. & OHG. mno, G. mond, Icel. mni, Dan. maane, Sw. måne, Goth. mna, Lith. men, L. mensis month, Gr. mh`nh moon, mh`n month, Skr. ms moon, month; prob. from a root meaning to measure (cf. Skr. m to measure), from its serving to measure the time. &radic;271. Cf. Mete to measure, Menses, Monday, Month.] 1. The celestial orb which revolves round the earth; the satellite of the earth; a secondary planet, whose light, borrowed from the sun, is reflected to the earth, and serves to dispel the darkness of night. The diameter of the moon is 2,160 miles, its mean distance from the earth is 240,000 miles, and its mass is one eightieth that of the earth. See Lunar month, under Month.

The crescent moon, the diadem of night.

Cowper.

2. A secondary planet, or satellite, revolving about any member of the solar system; as, the moons of Jupiter or Saturn.

3. The time occupied by the moon in making one revolution in her orbit; a month. Shak.

4. (Fort.) A crescentlike outwork. See Half-moon.

Moon blindness. (a) (Far.) A kind of ophthalmia liable to recur at intervals of three or four weeks. (b) (Med.) Hemeralopia. -- Moon dial, a dial used to indicate time by moonlight. -- Moon face, a round face like a full moon. -- Moon madness, lunacy. [Poetic] -- Moon month, a lunar month. -- Moon trefoil (Bot.), a shrubby species of medic (Medicago arborea). See Medic. -- Moon year, a lunar year, consisting of lunar months, being sometimes twelve and sometimes thirteen.

Moon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mooning.] To expose to the rays of the moon.

If they have it to be exceeding white indeed, they seethe it yet once more, after it hath been thus sunned and mooned.

Holland.

Moon, v. i. To act if moonstruck; to wander or gaze about in an abstracted manner.

Elsley was mooning down the river by himself.

C. Kingsley.

Moon"beam` (?), n. A ray of light from the moon.

Moon"blind` (?), a. Dim-sighted; purblind.

Moon"blink` (?), n. A temporary blindness, or impairment of sight, said to be caused by sleeping in the moonlight; -- sometimes called nyctalopia.

Moon"calf` (?), n. 1. A monster; a false conception; a mass of fleshy matter, generated in the uterus.

2. A dolt; a stupid fellow. Dryden.

Moon"-cul"mi*na`ting (?), a. Culminating, or coming to the meredian, at or about the same time with the moon; -- said of a star or stars, esp. of certain stars selected beforehand, and named in an ephemeris (as the Nautical Almanac), as suitable to be observed in connection with the moon at culmination, for determining terrestrial longitude.

Mooned (?), a. Of or resembling the moon; symbolized by the moon. "Sharpening in mooned horns." "Mooned Ashtaroth." Milton.

Moon"er (?), n. One who abstractedly wanders or gazes about, as if moonstruck. [R.] Dickens.

Moon"er*y (?), n. Conduct of one who moons. [R.]

Moon"et (?), n. A little moon. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Moon"-eye` (?), n. 1. A eye affected by the moon; also, a disease in the eye of a horse.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of American fresh-water fishes of the genus Hyodon, esp. H. tergisus of the Great Lakes and adjacent waters. (b) The cisco.

Moon"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes affected by the moon; moonblind; dim-eyed; purblind.

Moon"-faced` (?), a. Having a round, full face.

Moon"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) An American marine fish (Vomer setipennis); -- called also bluntnosed shiner, horsefish, and sunfish. (b) A broad, thin, silvery marine fish (Selene vomer); -- called also lookdown, and silver moonfish. (c) The mola. See Sunfish, 1.

Moon"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The oxeye daisy; -- called also moon daisy. (b) A kind of morning glory (Ipomœa Bona-nox) with large white flowers opening at night.

Moong (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Mung.

Moon"glade` (?), n. The bright reflection of the moon's light on an expanse of water. [Poetic]

Moo"nie (m"n), n. (Zoöl.) The European goldcrest.

Moon"ish (mn"sh), a. Like the moon; variable.

Being but a moonish youth.

Shak.

Moon"less, a. Being without a moon or moonlight.

Moon`light` (?), n. The light of the moon. -- a. Occurring during or by moonlight; characterized by moonlight.

Moon"ling (?), n. A simpleton; a lunatic. [Obs.]

Moon"lit` (?), a. Illumined by the moon. "The moonlit sea." Moore. "Moonlit dells." Lowell.

Moon"rak`er (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Moonsail.

Moon"rise` (?), n. The rising of the moon above the horizon; also, the time of its rising.

Moon"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) A sail sometimes carried in light winds, above a skysail. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Moon"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus Menispermum; -- so called from the crescentlike form of the seeds.

Moon"set` (?), n. The descent of the moon below the horizon; also, the time when the moon sets.

||Moon"shee (?), n. [Hind. munish, fr. Ar. munish a writer, author, ||secretary, tutor.] A Mohammedan professor or teacher of language. ||[India]

Moon"shine` (?), n. 1. The light of the moon.

2. Hence, show without substance or reality.

3. A month. [R.] Shak.

4. A preparation of eggs for food. [Obs.]

Moon"shine`, a. Moonlight. [R.] Clarendon.

Moon"shin`er (?), n. A person engaged in illicit distilling; -- so called because the work is largely done at night. [Cant, U.S.]

Moon"shin`y (?), a. Moonlight. [Colloq.]

I went to see them in a moonshiny night.

Addison.

Moon"stone` (-stn`), n. (Min.) A nearly pellucid variety of feldspar, showing pearly or opaline reflections from within. It is used as a gem. The best specimens come from Ceylon.

Moon"strick`en (?), a. See Moonstruck.

Moon"struck` (?), a. 1. Mentally affected or deranged by the supposed influence of the moon; lunatic.

2. Produced by the supposed influence of the moon. "Moonstruck madness." Milton.

3. Made sick by the supposed influence of the moon, as a human being; made unsuitable for food, as fishes, by such supposed influence.

Moon"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The herb lunary or honesty. See Honesty. (b) Any fern of the genus Botrychium, esp. B. Lunaria; -- so named from the crescent-shaped segments of its frond.

Moon"y (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the moon.

Soft and pale as the moony beam.

J. R. Drake.

2. Furnished with a moon; bearing a crescent.

But soon the miscreant moony host Before the victor cross shall fly.

Fenton.

3. Silly; weakly sentimental. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

Moor (mr), n. [F. More, Maure, L. Maurus a Moor, a Mauritanian, an inhabitant of Mauritania, Gr. May^ros; cf. may^ros black, dark. Cf. Morris a dance, Morocco.] 1. One of a mixed race inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, and Tripoli, chiefly along the coast and in towns.

2. (Hist.) Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which have adopted the Mohammedan religion. "In Spanish history the terms Moors, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous." Internat. Cyc.

Moor, n. [OE. mor, AS. mr moor, morass; akin to D. moer moor, G. moor, and prob. to Goth. marei sea, E. mere. See Mere a lake.] 1. An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath.

In her girlish age she kept sheep on the moor.

Carew.

2. A game preserve consisting of moorland.

Moor buzzard (Zoöl.), the marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] -- Moor coal (Geol.), a friable variety of lignite. -- Moor cock (Zoöl.), the male of the moor fowl or red grouse of Europe. -- Moor coot. (Zoöl.) See Gallinule. -- Moor fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) The European ptarmigan, or red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus). (b) The European heath grouse. See under Heath. -- Moor game. (Zoöl.) Same as Moor fowl (above). -- Moor grass (Bot.), a tufted perennial grass (Sesleria cærulea), found in mountain pastures of Europe. -- Moor hawk (Zoöl.), the marsh harrier. -- Moor hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The female of the moor fowl. (b) A gallinule, esp. the European species. See Gallinule. (c) An Australian rail (Tribonyx ventralis). -- Moor monkey (Zoöl.), the black macaque of Borneo (Macacus maurus). -- Moor titling (Zoöl.), the European stonechat (Pratinocola rubicola).

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Moor (mr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moored (mrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Mooring.] [Prob. fr. D. marren to tie, fasten, or moor a ship. See Mar.] 1. (Naut.) To fix or secure, as a vessel, in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with cables or chains; as, the vessel was moored in the stream; they moored the boat to the wharf.

2. Fig.: To secure, or fix firmly. Brougham.

Moor, v. i. To cast anchor; to become fast.

On oozy ground his galleys moor.

Dryden.

Moor"age (?), n. A place for mooring.

Moor"ball` (?), n. (Bot.) A fresh-water alga (Cladophora Ægagropila) which forms a globular mass.

Moor"band` (?), n. See Moorpan.

Moor"ess (?), n. A female Moor; a Moorish woman.

Moor"ing, n. 1. The act of confining a ship to a particular place, by means of anchors or fastenings.

2. That which serves to confine a ship to a place, as anchors, cables, bridles, etc.

3. pl. The place or condition of a ship thus confined.

And the tossed bark in moorings swings.

Moore.

Mooring block (Naut.), a heavy block of cast iron sometimes used as an anchor for mooring vessels.

Moor"ish, a. [From 2d Moor.] Having the characteristics of a moor or heath. "Moorish fens." Thomson.

Moor"ish, a. [See 1st Moor, and cf. Morris, Moresque.] Of or pertaining to Morocco or the Moors; in the style of the Moors.

Moorish architecture, the style developed by the Moors in the later Middle Ages, esp. in Spain, in which the arch had the form of a horseshoe, and the ornamentation admitted no representation of animal life. It has many points of resemblance to the Arabian and Persian styles, but should be distinguished from them. See Illust. under Moresque.

Moor"land (?), n. [AS. mrland.] Land consisting of a moor or moors.

Moor"pan` (?), n. [Cf. Hard pan, under Hard.] A clayey layer or pan underlying some moors, etc.

Moor"stone` (?), n. A species of English granite, used as a building stone.

||Moo"ruk (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A species of cassowary ||(Casuarius Bennetti) found in New Britain, and noted for its agility ||in running and leaping. It is smaller and has stouter legs than the ||common cassowary. Its crest is bilobed; the neck and breast are ||black; the back, rufous mixed with black; and the naked skin of the ||neck, blue.

Moor"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to moors; marshy; fenny; boggy; moorish. Mortimer.

As when thick mists arise from moory vales.

Fairfax.

Moor"y, n. A kind of blue cloth made in India. Balfour (Cyc of India).

Moose (ms), n. [A native name; Knisteneaux mouswah; Algonquin monse. Mackenzie.] (Zoöl.) A large cervine mammal (Alces machlis, or A. Americanus), native of the Northern United States and Canada. The adult male is about as large as a horse, and has very large, palmate antlers. It closely resembles the European elk, and by many zoölogists is considered the same species. See Elk.

Moose bird (Zoöl.), the Canada jayor whisky jack. See Whisky jack. -- Moose deer. Same as Moose. -- Moose yard (Zoöl.), a locality where moose, in winter, herd together in a forest to feed and for mutual protection.

Moose"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The striped maple (Acer Pennsylvanicum). (b) Leatherwood.

Moot (mt), v. See 1st Mot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Moot (mt), n. (Shipbuilding) A ring for gauging wooden pins.

Moot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mooted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mooting.] [OE. moten, motien, AS. mtan to meet or assemble for conversation, to discuss, dispute, fr. mt, gemt, a meeting, an assembly; akin to Icel. mt, MHG. muoz. Cf. Meet to come together.] 1. To argue for and against; to debate; to discuss; to propose for discussion.

A problem which hardly has been mentioned, much less mooted, in this country.

Sir W. Hamilton.

2. Specifically: To discuss by way of exercise; to argue for practice; to propound and discuss in a mock court.

First a case is appointed to be mooted by certain young men, containing some doubtful controversy.

Sir T. Elyot.

Moot (?), v. i. To argue or plead in a supposed case.

There is a difference between mooting and pleading; between fencing and fighting.

B. Jonson.

Moot, n. [AS. mt, gemt, a meeting; -- usually in comp.] [Written also mote.] 1. A meeting for discussion and deliberation; esp., a meeting of the people of a village or district, in Anglo-Saxon times, for the discussion and settlement of matters of common interest; -- usually in composition; as, folk- moot. J. R. Green.

2. [From Moot, v.] A discussion or debate; especially, a discussion of fictitious causes by way of practice.

The pleading used in courts and chancery called moots.

Sir T. Elyot.

Moot case, a case or question to be mooted; a disputable case; an unsettled question. Dryden. -- Moot court, a mock court, such as is held by students of law for practicing the conduct of law cases. -- Moot point, a point or question to be debated; a doubtful question.

Moot, a. Subject, or open, to argument or discussion; undecided; debatable; mooted.

Moot"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being mooted.

Moot"er (?), n. A disputer of a mooted case.

{ Moot"-hall` (?), Moot"-house` (?), } n. [AS. mth&?;s.] A hall for public meetings; a hall of judgment. [Obs.] "The moot- hall of Herod." Wyclif.

Moot"-hill` (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A hill of meeting or council; an elevated place in the open air where public assemblies or courts were held by the Saxons; - - called, in Scotland, mute-hill. J. R. Green.

Moot"man (?), n.; pl. Mootmen (&?;). (O. Eng. Law) One who argued moot cases in the inns of court.

Mop (?), n. [See Mope.] A made-up face; a grimace. "What mops and mowes it makes!" Beau. & Fl.

Mop, v. i. To make a wry mouth. [Obs.] Shak.

Mop, n. [CF. W. mop, mopa, Ir. moipal, Gael. moibeal, moibean; or OF. mappe a napkin (see Map, Napkin).] 1. An implement for washing floors, or the like, made of a piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums, or coarse yarn, fastened to a handle.

2. A fair where servants are hired. [Prov. Eng.]

3. The young of any animal; also, a young girl; a moppet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Mop head. (a) The end of a mop, to which the thrums or rags are fastened. (b) A clamp for holding the thrums or rags of a mop. [U.S.]

Mop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mopping.] To rub or wipe with a mop, or as with a mop; as, to mop a floor; to mop one's face with a handkerchief.

Mop"board` (?), n. (Carp.) A narrow board nailed against the wall of a room next to the floor; skirting board; baseboard. See Baseboard.

Mope (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Moped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Moping.] [Cf. D. moppen to pout, Prov. G. muffen to sulk.] To be dull and spiritless. "Moping melancholy." Milton.

A sickly part of one true sense Could not so mope.

Shak.

Mope, v. t. To make spiritless and stupid. [Obs.]

Mope, n. A dull, spiritless person. Burton.

Mope"-eyed` (?), a. Shortsighted; purblind.

Mope"ful (?), a. Mopish. [R.]

Mop"ish (?), a. Dull; spiritless; dejected. -- Mop"ish*ly, adv. -- Mop"ish*ness, n.

Mop"lah (?), n. [Malayalam mpplia.] One of a class of Mohammedans in Malabar.

Mop"pet (?), n. [From 3d Mop.] 1. A rag baby; a puppet made of cloth; hence, also, in fondness, a little girl, or a woman.

2. (Zoöl.) A long-haired pet dog.

{ Mop"sey, Mop"sy } (?), n. 1. A moppet.

2. A slatternly, untidy woman. Halliwell.

Mop"si*cal (?), a. Shortsighted; mope-eyed.

Mop"stick` (?), n. The long handle of a mop.

Mo"pus (m"ps), n. A mope; a drone. [Obs.] Swift.

||Mo*quette" (?), n. [F.] A kind of carpet having a short velvety pile.

||Mor"a (?), n. [It.] A game of guessing the number of fingers extended ||in a quick movement of the hand, -- much played by Italians of the ||lower classes.

Mo"ra (?), n. (Bot.) A leguminous tree of Guiana and Trinidad (Dimorphandra excelsa); also, its timber, used in shipbuilding and making furniture.

||Mo"ra, n. [L.] (Rom. & Civil Law) Delay; esp., culpable delay; ||postponement.

Mo*raine" (?), n. [F. Cf. Prov. G. mur stones broken off, It. mora a heap of stones, hillock, G. mürbe soft, broken up, OHG. muruwi, AS. mearu tender, Gr. &?; to cause to wither, Skr. ml to relax.] (Geol.) An accumulation of earth and stones carried forward and deposited by a glacier. Lyell.

If the moraine is at the extremity of the glacier it is a terminal moraine; if at the side, a lateral moraine; if parallel to the side on the central portion of the glacier, a medial moraine. See Illust. of Glacier. In the last case it is formed by the union of the lateral moraines of the branches of the glacier. A ground moraine is one beneath the mass of ice.

Mo*rain"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a moranie.

Mor"al (?), a. [F., fr. It. moralis, fr. mos, moris, manner, custom, habit, way of life, conduct.] 1. Relating to duty or obligation; pertaining to those intentions and actions of which right and wrong, virtue and vice, are predicated, or to the rules by which such intentions and actions ought to be directed; relating to the practice, manners, or conduct of men as social beings in relation to each other, as respects right and wrong, so far as they are properly subject to rules.

Keep at the least within the compass of moral actions, which have in them vice or virtue.

Hooker.

Mankind is broken loose from moral bands.

Dryden.

She had wandered without rule or guidance in a moral wilderness.

Hawthorne.

2. Conformed to accepted rules of right; acting in conformity with such rules; virtuous; just; as, a moral man. Used sometimes in distinction from religious; as, a moral rather than a religious life.

The wiser and more moral part of mankind.

Sir M. Hale.

3. Capable of right and wrong action or of being governed by a sense of right; subject to the law of duty.

A moral agent is a being capable of those actions that have a moral quality, and which can properly be denominated good or evil in a moral sense.

J. Edwards.

4. Acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of right, or suited to act in such a manner; as, a moral arguments; moral considerations. Sometimes opposed to material and physical; as, moral pressure or support.

5. Supported by reason or probability; practically sufficient; -- opposed to legal or demonstrable; as, a moral evidence; a moral certainty.

6. Serving to teach or convey a moral; as, a moral lesson; moral tales.

Moral agent, a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong. -- Moral certainty, a very high degree or probability, although not demonstrable as a certainty; a probability of so high a degree that it can be confidently acted upon in the affairs of life; as, there is a moral certainty of his guilt. -- Moral insanity, insanity, so called, of the moral system; badness alleged to be irresponsible. -- Moral philosophy, the science of duty; the science which treats of the nature and condition of man as a moral being, of the duties which result from his moral relations, and the reasons on which they are founded. -- Moral play, an allegorical play; a morality. [Obs.] -- Moral sense, the power of moral judgment and feeling; the capacity to perceive what is right or wrong in moral conduct, and to approve or disapprove, independently of education or the knowledge of any positive rule or law. -- Moral theology, theology applied to morals; practical theology; casuistry.

Mor"al (?), n. 1. The doctrine or practice of the duties of life; manner of living as regards right and wrong; conduct; behavior; -- usually in the plural.

Corrupt in their morals as vice could make them.

South.

2. The inner meaning or significance of a fable, a narrative, an occurrence, an experience, etc.; the practical lesson which anything is designed or fitted to teach; the doctrine meant to be inculcated by a fiction; a maxim.

Thus may we gather honey from the weed, And make a moral of the devil himself.

Shak.

To point a moral, or adorn a tale.

Johnson.

We protest against the principle that the world of pure comedy is one into which no moral enters.

Macaulay.

3. A morality play. See Morality, 5.

Mor"al, v. i. To moralize. [Obs.] Shak.

||Mo`rale" (?), n. [F. See Moral, a.] The moral condition, or the ||condition in other respects, so far as it is affected by, or ||dependent upon, moral considerations, such as zeal, spirit, hope, and ||confidence; mental state, as of a body of men, an army, and the like.

Mor"al*er (?), n. A moralizer. [Obs.] Shak.

Mor"al*ism (?), n. A maxim or saying embodying a moral truth. Farrar.

Mor"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. moraliste.] 1. One who moralizes; one who teaches or animadverts upon the duties of life; a writer of essays intended to correct vice and inculcate moral duties. Addison.

2. One who practices moral duties; a person who lives in conformity with moral rules; one of correct deportment and dealings with his fellow-creatures; -- sometimes used in contradistinction to one whose life is controlled by religious motives.

The love (in the moralist of virtue, but in the Christian) of God himself.

Hammond.

Mo*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Moralities (#). [L. moralitas: cf. F. moralité.] 1. The relation of conformity or nonconformity to the moral standard or rule; quality of an intention, a character, an action, a principle, or a sentiment, when tried by the standard of right.

The morality of an action is founded in the freedom of that principle, by virtue of which it is in the agent's power, having all things ready and requisite to the performance of an action, either to perform or not perform it.

South.

2. The quality of an action which renders it good; the conformity of an act to the accepted standard of right.

Of moralitee he was the flower.

Chaucer.

I am bold to think that morality is capable of demonstration.

Locke.

3. The doctrines or rules of moral duties, or the duties of men in their social character; ethics.

The end of morality is to procure the affections to obey reason, and not to invade it.

Bacon.

The system of morality to be gathered out of . . . ancient sages falls very short of that delivered in the gospel.

Swift.

4. The practice of the moral duties; rectitude of life; conformity to the standard of right; virtue; as, we often admire the politeness of men whose morality we question.

5. A kind of allegorical play, so termed because it consisted of discourses in praise of morality between actors representing such characters as Charity, Faith, Death, Vice, etc. Such plays were occasionally exhibited as late as the reign of Henry VIII. Strutt.

6. Intent; meaning; moral. [Obs.]

Taketh the morality thereof, good men.

Chaucer.

Mor`al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. moralisation.] 1. The act of moralizing; moral reflections or discourse.

2. Explanation in a moral sense. T. Warton.

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Mor"al*ize (mr"al*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Moralizing (?).] [Cf. F. moraliser.] 1. To apply to a moral purpose; to explain in a moral sense; to draw a moral from.

This fable is moralized in a common proverb.

L'Estrange.

Did he not moralize this spectacle?

Shak.

2. To furnish with moral lessons, teachings, or examples; to lend a moral to.

While chastening thoughts of sweetest use, bestowed By Wisdom, moralize his pensive road.

Wordsworth.

3. To render moral; to correct the morals of.

It had a large share in moralizing the poor white people of the country.

D. Ramsay.

4. To give a moral quality to; to affect the moral quality of, either for better or worse.

Good and bad stars moralize not our actions.

Sir T. Browne.

Mor"al*ize (?), v. i. To make moral reflections; to regard acts and events as involving a moral.

Mor"al*i`zer (?), n. One who moralizes.

Mor"al*ly, adv. 1. In a moral or ethical sense; according to the rules of morality.

By good, good morally so called, "bonum honestum" ought chiefly to be understood.

South.

2. According to moral rules; virtuously. "To live morally." Dryden.

3. In moral qualities; in disposition and character; as, one who physically and morally endures hardships.

4. In a manner calculated to serve as the basis of action; according to the usual course of things and human judgment; according to reason and probability.

It is morally impossible for an hypocrite to keep himself long upon his guard.

L'Estrange.

Mo*rass" (?), n. [OE. marras, mareis (perh. through D. moeras), fr. F. marais, prob. from L. mare sea, in LL., any body of water; but perh. influenced by some German word. See Mere a lake, and cf. Marsh.] A tract of soft, wet ground; a marsh; a fen.

Morass ore. (Min.) See Bog ore, under Bog.

mo*rass"y (?), a. Marshy; fenny. [R.] Pennant.

Mo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of moric acid.

Mo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. moratio.] A delaying tarrying; delay. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Mo*ra"vi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Moravia, or to the United Brethren. See Moravian, n.

Mo*ra"vi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect called the United Brethren (an offshoot of the Hussites in Bohemia), which formed a separate church of Moravia, a northern district of Austria, about the middle of the 15th century. After being nearly extirpated by persecution, the society, under the name of The Renewed Church of the United Brethren, was reëstablished in 1722-35 on the estates of Count Zinzendorf in Saxony. Called also Herrnhuter.

Mo*ra"vi*an*ism (?), n. The religious system of the Moravians.

Mor"ay (?), n. (Zoöl.) A muræna.

Mor"bid (?), a. [L. morbidus, fr. morbus disease; prob. akin to mori to die: cf. F. morbide, It. morbido. See Mortal.] 1. Not sound and healthful; induced by a diseased or abnormal condition; diseased; sickly; as, morbid humors; a morbid constitution; a morbid state of the juices of a plant. "Her sick and morbid heart." Hawthorne.

2. Of or pertaining to disease or diseased parts; as, morbid anatomy.

Syn. -- Diseased; sickly; sick. -- Morbid, Diseased. Morbid is sometimes used interchangeably with diseased, but is commonly applied, in a somewhat technical sense, to cases of a prolonged nature; as, a morbid condition of the nervous system; a morbid sensibility, etc.

||Mor`bi*dez"za (?), n. [It., softness, delicacy. See Morbid.] 1. (Fine ||Arts) Delicacy or softness in the representation of flesh.

2. (Mus.) A term used as a direction in execution, signifying, with extreme delicacy. Ludden.

Mor*bid"i*ty (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being morbid.

2. Morbid quality; disease; sickness. C. Kingsley.

3. Amount of disease; sick rate.

Mor"bid*ly (?), adv. In a morbid manner.

Mor"bid*ness, n. The quality or state of being morbid; morbidity.

{ Mor*bif"ic (?), Mor*bif"ic*al (?), } a. [L. morbus disease + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. morbifique. See -fy.] Causing disease; generating a sickly state; as, a morbific matter.

Mor*bil"lous (?), a. [LL. morbilli measles, dim. of L. morbus disease: cf. F. morbilleux.] Pertaining to the measles; partaking of the nature of measels, or resembling the eruptions of that disease; measly.

Mor*bose" (?), a. [L. morbosus, fr. morbus disease.] Proceeding from disease; morbid; unhealthy.

Morbose tumors and excrescences of plants.

Ray.

Mor*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L. morbositas.] A diseased state; unhealthiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

||Mor`ceau" (?), n. [F.] A bit; a morsel.

Mor*da"cious (?), a. [L. mordax, -acis, fr. mordere, morsum, to bite. See Morsel.] Biting; given to biting; hence, figuratively, sarcastic; severe; scathing. -- Mor*da"cious*ly, adv.

Mor*dac"i*ty (?), n. [L. mordacitas: cf. F. mordacité. See Mordacious.] The quality of being mordacious; biting severity, or sarcastic quality. Bacon.

Mor"dant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of mordere to bite; L. mordere. See Morsel.] 1. Biting; caustic; sarcastic; keen; severe.

2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing) Serving to fix colors.

Mor"dant, n. [F., originally, biting.] 1. Any corroding substance used in etching.

2. (Dyeing & Calico Printing) Any substance, as alum or copperas, which, having a twofold attraction for organic fibers and coloring matter, serves as a bond of union, and thus gives fixity to, or bites in, the dyes.

3. (Gilding) Any sticky matter by which the gold leaf is made to adhere.

Mor"dant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mordanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Mordanting.] To subject to the action of, or imbue with, a mordant; as, to mordant goods for dyeing.

Mor"dant*ly, adv. In the manner of a mordant.

||Mor*den"te (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) An embellishment resembling a trill.

Mor"di*can*cy (?), n. A biting quality; corrosiveness. [R.] Evelyn.

Mor"di*cant (?), a. [L. mordicans, p. pr. of mordicare to bite, fr. mordere: cf. F. mordicant.] Biting; acrid; as, the mordicant quality of a body. [R.] Boyle.

Mor`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L. mordicatio.] The act of biting or corroding; corrosion. [R.] Bacon.

Mor"di*ca*tive (?), a. [L. mordicativus.] Biting; corrosive. [R.] Holland.

More (mr), n. [AS. mr. See Moor a waste.] A hill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

More, n. [AS. more, moru; akin to G. möhre carrot, OHG. moraha, morha.] A root. [Obs.] Chaucer.

More, a., compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Most (mst).] [OE. more, mare, and (orig. neut. and adv.) mo, ma, AS. mra, and (as neut. and adv.) m; akin to D. meer, OS. mr, G. mehr, OHG. mro, mr, Icel. meiri, meirr, Dan. meere, meer, Sw. mera, mer, Goth. maiza, a., mais, adv., and perh. to L. major greater, compar. of magnus great, and magis, adv., more. &radic;103. Cf. Most, uch, Major.] 1. Greater; superior; increased; as: (a) Greater in quality, amount, degree, quality, and the like; with the singular.

He gat more money.

Chaucer.

If we procure not to ourselves more woe.

Milton.

More, in this sense, was formerly used in connection with some other qualifying word, -- a, the, this, their, etc., -- which now requires the substitution of greater, further, or the like, for more.

Whilst sisters nine, which dwell on Parnasse height, Do make them music for their more delight.

Spenser.

The more part knew not wherefore they were come together.

Acts xix. 32.

Wrong not that wrong with a more contempt.

Shak.

(b) Greater in number; exceeding in numbers; -- with the plural.

The people of the children of Israel are more and mighter than we.

Ex. i. 9.

2. Additional; other; as, he wept because there were no more worlds to conquer.

With open arms received one poet more.

Pope.

More, n. 1. A greater quantity, amount, or number; that which exceeds or surpasses in any way what it is compared with.

And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less.

Ex. xvi. 17.

2. That which is in addition; something other and further; an additional or greater amount.

They that would have more and more can never have enough.

L'Estrange.

O! That pang where more than madness lies.

Byron.

Any more. (a) Anything or something additional or further; as, I do not need any more. (b) Adverbially: Further; beyond a certain time; as, do not think any more about it. -- No more, not anything more; nothing in addition. -- The more and less, the high and low. [Obs.] Shak. "All cried, both less and more." Chaucer.

More, adv. 1. In a greater quantity; in or to a greater extent or degree. (a) With a verb or participle.

Admiring more The riches of Heaven's pavement.

Milton.

(b) With an adjective or adverb (instead of the suffix -er) to form the comparative degree; as, more durable; more active; more sweetly.

Happy here, and more happy hereafter.

Bacon.

Double comparatives were common among writers of the Elizabeth period, and for some time later; as, more brighter; more dearer.

The duke of Milan And his more braver daughter.

Shak.

2. In addition; further; besides; again.

Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more, Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere, I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude.

Milton.

More and more, with continual increase. "Amon trespassed more and more." 2 Chron. xxxiii. 23. - - The more, to a greater degree; by an added quantity; for a reason already specified. -- The more -- the more, by how much more -- by so much more. "The more he praised it in himself, the more he seems to suspect that in very deed it was not in him." Milton. -- To be no more, to have ceased to be; as, Cassius is no more; Troy is no more.

Those oracles which set the world in flames, Nor ceased to burn till kingdoms were no more.

Byron.

More, v. t. To make more; to increase. [Obs.] Gower.

Mo*reen" (?), n. [Cf. Mohair.] A thick woolen fabric, watered or with embossed figures; -- used in upholstery, for curtains, etc.

Mor"el (?), n. [See Moril.] (Bot.) An edible fungus (Morchella esculenta), the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium. It is used as food, and for flavoring sauces. [Written also moril.]

Mor"el, n. [See Morelle.] (Bot.) 1. Nightshade; -- so called from its blackish purple berries. [Written also morelle.]

2. A kind of cherry. See Morello.

Great morel, the deadly nightshade. -- Petty morel, the black nightshade. See Nightshade.

More"land (?), n. Moorland.

Mo*relle" (?), n. [F., orig. fem. of moreau black, OF. morel, fr. LL. morellus. Cf. Morello, Murrey.] (Bot.) Nightshade. See 2d Morel.

Mo*rel"lo (?), n. [Cf. It. morello blackish, OF. morel. Cf. Morelle.] (Bot.) A kind of nearly black cherry with dark red flesh and juice, -- used chiefly for preserving.

||Mo*ren"do (?), a. & n. [It.] (Mus.) Dying; a gradual decrescendo at ||the end of a strain or cadence.

More"ness (?), n. Greatness. [Obs.] Wyclif.

More*o"ver (?), adv. [More + over.] Beyond what has been said; further; besides; in addition; furthermore; also; likewise.

Moreover, he hath left you all his walks.

Shak.

Syn. -- Besides, Moreover. Of the two words, moreover is the stronger and is properly used in solemn discourse, or when what is added is important to be considered. See Besides.

More"pork` (?), n. [So named from its cry.] (Zoöl.) The Australian crested goatsucker (Ægotheles Novæ-Hollandiæ). Also applied to other allied birds, as Podargus Cuveiri.

Mo*resk" (?), a. & n. Moresque. [Obs.]

Mo*resque" (?), a. [F., fr. It. moresco, or Sp. morisco. See Morris.] Of or pertaining to, or in the manner or style of, the Moors; Moorish. -- n. The Moresque style of architecture or decoration. See Moorish architecture, under Moorish. [Written also mauresque.]

Mor`ga*nat"ic (?), a. [LL. matrimonium ad morganaticam, fr. morganatica a morning gift, a kind of dowry paid on the morning before or after the marriage, fr. OHG. morgan morning, in morgangeba morning gift, G. morgengabe. See Morn.] Pertaining to, in the manner of, or designating, a kind of marriage, called also left-handed marriage, between a man of superior rank and a woman of inferior, in which it is stipulated that neither the latter nor her children shall enjoy the rank or inherit the possessions of her husband. Brande & C. -- Mor`ga*nat"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Mor"gay (?), n. [W. morgi dogfish, shark; mor sea + ci dog.] (Zoöl.) The European small-spotted dogfish, or houndfish. See the Note under Houndfish.

Mor"glay (?), n. [Cf. Claymore.] A sword. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Morgue (?), n. [F.] A place where the bodies of persons found dead are exposed, that they may be identified, or claimed by their friends; a deadhouse.

||Mo"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; folly.] Idiocy; imbecility; ||fatuity; foolishness.

Mo"ri*an (?), n. (Ethnol.) A Moor. [Obs.]

In vain the Turks and Morians armed be.

Fairfax.

Mor"i*bund (?), a. [L. moribundus, from moriri to die. See Mortal.] In a dying state; dying; at the point of death.

The patient was comatose and moribund.

Copland.

Mor"i*bund (?), n. A dying person. [R.]

Mo"ric (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, fustic (see Morin); as, moric acid.

Mor"ice (?), n. See Morisco.

Mo*rig"er*ate (?), a. [L. morigeratus, p. p. of morigerari to comply with. See Morigerous.] Obedient. [Obs.]

Mo*rig`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. morigeratio.] Obsequiousness; obedience. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Mo*rig"er*ous (?), a. [L. morigerus; mos, moris, custom, manner + gerere to bear, conduct.] Obedient; obsequious. [Obs.] Brathwait.

Mor"il (?), n. [F. morille; cf. OHG. morhila, G. morchel, OHG. morha carrot. See More a root.] (Bot.) An edible fungus. Same as 1st Morel.

Mo"rin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance of acid properties extracted from fustic (Maclura tinctoria, formerly called Morus tinctoria); - - called also moric acid.

Mo*rin"da (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of rubiaceous trees and shrubs, mostly East Indian, many species of which yield valuable red and yellow dyes. The wood is hard and beautiful, and used for gunstocks.

Mo*rin"din (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow dyestuff extracted from the root bark of an East Indian plant (Morinda citrifolia).

Mor"i*nel` (?), n. [Cf. F. morinelle.] (Zoöl.) The dotterel.

Mo*rin"ga (?), n. [Malayam murunggi.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of Southern India and Northern Africa. One species (Moringa pterygosperma) is the horse-radish tree, and its seeds, as well as those of M. aptera, are known in commerce as ben or ben nuts, and yield the oil called oil of ben.

Mo*rin"gic (?), a. (Chem.) Designating an organic acid obtained from oil of ben. See Moringa.

Mo`rin*tan"nic (?), a. [NL. Morus fustic + E. tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a variety of tannic acid extracted from fustic (Maclura, formerly Morus, tinctoria) as a yellow crystalline substance; -- called also maclurin.

Mo"ri*on (?), n. [F. morion, Sp. morrion; cf. Sp. morra the upper part of the head, morro anything that is round.] A kind of open helmet, without visor or beaver, and somewhat resembling a hat.

A battered morion on his brow.

Sir W. Scott.

Mo"ri*on, n. [G.] (Min.) A dark variety of smoky quartz.

Mo"ri*o*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. &?; piece (dim. of &?; a part + -plasty.] (Surg.) The restoration of lost parts of the body.

<! p. 945 !>

Mo*ris"co (m*rs"k), a. [Sp. See Morris the dance.] Moresque.

Mo*ris"co, n. [Sp. morisco Moorish.] A thing of Moorish origin; as: (a) The Moorish language. (b) A Moorish dance, now called morris dance. Marston. (c) One who dances the Moorish dance. Shak. (d) Moresque decoration or architecture.

Mo"risk (?), n. Same as Morisco.

Mor"kin (?), n. [Akin to Sw. murken putrefied, Icel. morkinn putrid.] A beast that has died of disease or by mischance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Mor"land (?), n. Moorland. [Obs.]

Mor"ling (?), n. [Cf. F. mort dead, L. mortuus, fr. moriri to die.] Mortling. [Eng.] Ainsworth.

Mor"mal (?), n. [F. mort-mai a deadly evil. Nares.] A bad sore; a gangrene; a cancer. [Obs.] [Written also morrimal and mortmal.] Chaucer.

Mor"mo (?), n. [Gr. mormw` a hideous she-monster, a bugbear.] A bugbear; false terror. [Obs.] Jonhson.

||Mor"mon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mormw`n monster, bugbear.] (Zoöl.) (a) ||A genus of sea birds, having a large, thick bill; the puffin. (b) The ||mandrill.

Mor"mon (?), n. (Eccl.) One of a sect in the United States, followers of Joseph Smith, who professed to have found an addition to the Bible, engraved on golden plates, called the Book of Mormon, first published in 1830. The Mormons believe in polygamy, and their hierarchy of apostles, etc., has control of civil and religious matters.

The Mormons call their religious organization The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Its head claims to receive revelations of God's will, and to have certain supernatural powers.

Mor"mon, a. Of or pertaining to the Mormons; as, the Mormon religion; Mormon practices.

Mor"mon*dom (?), n. The country inhabited by the Mormons; the Mormon people.

Mor"mon*ism (?), n. The doctrine, system, and practices of the Mormons.

Mor"mon*ite (?), n. A Mormon. -- a. Mormon. "Mormonite religion." F. W. Newman.

Morn (môrn), n. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.] The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry.

From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve.

Milton.

Mor"ne (môr"ne), a. Of or pertaining to the morn; morning. [Obs.] "White as morne milk." Chaucer.

||Morne (môrn), n. [F., fr. morne sad, sorrowful. See Mourn.] A ring ||fitted upon the head of a lance to prevent wounding an adversary in ||tilting.

||Mor`né" (môr`n"), a. [F., fr. morne a morne.] (Her.) Without teeth, ||tongue, or claws; -- said of a lion represented heraldically.

Morn"ing (môrn"ng), n. [OE. morning, morwening. See Morn.] 1. The first or early part of the day, variously understood as the earliest hours of light, the time near sunrise; the time from midnight to noon, from rising to noon, etc.

2. The first or early part; as, the morning of life.

3. The goddess Aurora. [Poetic] Shak.

Morn"ing, a. Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day; being in the early part of the day; as, morning dew; morning light; morning service.

She looks as clear As morning roses newly washed with dew.

Shak.

Morning gown, a gown worn in the morning before one is dressed for the day. -- Morning gun, a gun fired at the first stroke of reveille at military posts. -- Morning sickness (Med.), nausea and vomiting, usually occurring in the morning; -- a common sign of pregnancy. -- Morning star. (a) Any one of the planets (Venus, Jupiter, Mars, or Saturn) when it precedes the sun in rising, esp. Venus. Cf. Evening star, Evening. (b) Satan. See Lucifer.

Since he miscalled the morning star, Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so far.

Byron.

(c) A weapon consisting of a heavy ball set with spikes, either attached to a staff or suspended from one by a chain. -- Morning watch (Naut.), the watch between four A. M. and eight A. M..

Morn"ing-glo`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant (Ipomœa purpurea) having handsome, funnel-shaped flowers, usually red, pink, purple, white, or variegated, sometimes pale blue. See Dextrorsal.

Morn"ing*tide` (?), n. Morning time. [Poetic]

Morn"ward (?), adv. Towards the morn. [Poetic]

And mornward now the starry hands move on.

Lowell.

Mo"ro (?), n. [Cf. It. mora mulberry, L. morum.] (Med.) A small abscess or tumor having a resemblance to a mulberry. Dunglison.

Mo*roc"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Morocco, or its inhabitants.

Mo*roc"co (?), n. [Named from Morocco, the country. Cf. Morris the dance.] A fine kind of leather, prepared commonly from goatskin (though an inferior kind is made of sheepskin), and tanned with sumac and dyed of various colors; -- said to have been first made by the Moors.

Mo*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. mwrologi`a foolish talk, mw^ros foolish + lo`gos discourse.] Foolish talk; nonsense; folly. [Obs.]

Mo*rone" (m*rn"), n. Maroon; the color of an unripe black mulberry.

||Mo`ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. mw^ros stupid + sau^ros lizard.] ||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of large herbivorous dinosaurs, found in ||Jurassic strata in America.

Mo*rose" (m*rs"), a. [L. morosus, prop., excessively addicted to any particular way or habit, fr. mos, moris, manner, habit, way of life: cf. F. morose.] 1. Of a sour temper; sullen and austere; ill-humored; severe. "A morose and affected taciturnity." I. Watts.

2. Lascivious; brooding over evil thoughts. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Sullen; gruff; severe; austere; gloomy; crabbed; crusty; churlish; surly; ill-humored.

Mo*rose"ly (?), adv. Sourly; with sullen austerity.

Mo*rose"ness, n. Sourness of temper; sulenness.

Learn good humor, never to oppose without just reason; abate some degrees of pride and moroseness.

I. Watts.

Moroseness is not precisely peevishness or fretfulness, though often accompanied with it. It denotes more of silence and severity, or ill-humor, than the irritability or irritation which characterizes peevishness.

||Mo*ro"sis (m*r"ss), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mw`rwsis, fr. mw^ros silly, ||foolish.] (Med.) Idiocy; fatuity; stupidity.

Mo*ros"i*ty (?), n. [L. morositas: cf. F. morosité.] Moroseness. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Mo"ro*soph (?), n. [Gr. mo^ros foolish + sofo`s wise.] A philosophical or learned fool. [Obs.]

Mo*ro"sous (?), a. Morose. [Obs.] Sheldon.

Mo*rox"ite (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, a sort of pipe clay.] (Min.) A variety of apatite of a greenish blue color.

Mo*rox"y*late (?), n. (Chem.) A morate.

Mor`ox*yl"ic (?), a. [L. morus a mulberry tree + Gr. &?; wood.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the mulberry; moric.

Mor"phe*an (?), a. Of or relating to Morpheus, to dreams, or to sleep. Keats.

Mor"pheus (môr"fs or môr"f*s), n. [L., fr. Gr. Morfey`s prop., the fashioner or molder, because of the shapes he calls up before the sleeper, fr. morfh` form, shape.] (Class. Myth.) The god of dreams.

Mor"phew (?), n. [F. morpheé, LL. morphea; cf. It. morfea.] A scurfy eruption. [Obs.] Drayton.

Mor"phew, v. t. To cover with a morphew. [Obs.]

Mor"phi*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Morphine.

Mor"phine (?), n. [From Morpheus: cf. F. morphine.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline alkaloid found in opium, possessing strong narcotic properties, and much used as an anodyne; -- called also morphia, and morphina.

Mor"phin*ism (?), n. (Med.) A morbid condition produced by the excessive or prolonged use of morphine.

||Mor"pho (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, an epithet of Venus.] (Zoöl.) Any ||one of numerous species of large, handsome, tropical American ||butterflies, of the genus Morpho. They are noted for the very ||brilliant metallic luster and bright colors (often blue) of the upper ||surface of the wings. The lower surface is usually brown or gray, ||with eyelike spots.

Mor*phog"e*ny (?), n. [form + root of &?; to be born.] (Biol.) History of the evolution of forms; that part of ontogeny that deals with the germ history of forms; -- distinguished from physiogeny. Haeckel.

{ Mor`pho*log"ic (?), Mor`pho*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. morphologique.] (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or according to, the principles of morphology. -- Mor`pho*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Mor*phol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One who is versed in the science of morphology.

Mor*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; form + -logy: cf. F. morphologie.] (Biol.) That branch of biology which deals with the structure of animals and plants, treating of the forms of organs and describing their varieties, homologies, and metamorphoses. See Tectology, and Promorphology.

Mor"phon (?), n. [Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to form.] (Biol.) A morphological individual, characterized by definiteness of form, in distinction from bion, a physiological individual. See Tectology. Haeckel.

Of morphons there are six orders or categories: 1. Plastids or elementary organisms. 2. Organs, homoplastic or heteroplastic. 3. Antimeres (opposite or symmetrical or homotypic parts). 4. Metameres (successive or homodynamous parts). 5. Personæ (shoots or buds of plants, individuals in the narrowest sense among the higher animals). 6. Corms (stocks or colonies). For orders 2, 3, and 4 the term idorgan has been recently substituted. See Idorgan.

Mor*phon"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; form + &?; a law.] (Biol.) The laws of organic formation.

Mor"pho*phy`ly (?), n. [Gr. &?; form + &?; a clan.] (Biol.) The tribal history of forms; that part of phylogeny which treats of the tribal history of forms, in distinction from the tribal history of functions. Haeckel.

||Mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; form, fr. &?; form.] (Biol.) ||The order or mode of development of an organ or part.

Mor*phot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; fit for forming.] (Physiol.) Connected with, or becoming an integral part of, a living unit or of the morphological framework; as, morphotic, or tissue, proteids. Foster.

-mor"phous (?). [Gr. &?; form.] A combining form denoting form, shape; as, isomorphous.

Mor"pi*on (?), n. [F., fr. mordre to bite + L. pedis louse.] (Zoöl.) A louse. Hudibras.

Mor"rice (?), n. Same as 1st Morris.

Mor"rice, a. Dancing the morrice; dancing.

In shoals and bands, a morrice train.

Wordsworth.

Mor"ri*cer (?), n. A morris dancer. [Obs.]

Mor"ri*mal (?), n. & a. See Mormal.

Mor"ris (?), n. [Sp. morisco Moorish, fr. Moro a Moor: cf. F. moresque, It. moresca.] 1. A Moorish dance, usually performed by a single dancer, who accompanies the dance with castanets.

2. A dance formerly common in England, often performed in pagenats, processions, and May games. The dancers, grotesquely dressed and ornamented, took the parts of Robin Hood, Maidmarian, and other fictitious characters.

3. An old game played with counters, or men, which are placed at the angles of a figure drawn on a board or on the ground; also, the board or ground on which the game is played.

The nine-men's morris is filled up with mud.

Shak.

The figure consists of three concentric squares, with lines from the angles of the outer one to those of the inner, and from the middle of each side of the outer square to that of the inner. The game is played by two persons with nine or twelve pieces each (hence called nine-men's morris or twelve-men's morris). The pieces are placed alternately, and each player endeavors to prevent his opponent from making a straight row of three. Should either succeed in making a row, he may take up one of his opponent's pieces, and he who takes off all of his opponent's pieces wins the game.

Mor"ris (?), n. [So called from its discoverer.] (Zoöl.) A marine fish having a very slender, flat, transparent body. It is now generally believed to be the young of the conger eel or some allied fish.

Mor"ris-pike` (?), n. A Moorish pike. [Obs.]

Mor"rot (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Marrot.

Mor"row (?), n. [OE. morwe, morwen, AS. morgen. See Morn.] 1. Morning. [Obs.] "White as morrow's milk." Bp. Hall.

We loved he by the morwe a sop in wine.

Chaucer.

2. The next following day; the day subsequent to any day specified or understood. Lev. vii. 16.

Till this stormy night is gone, And the eternal morrow dawn.

Crashaw.

3. The day following the present; to- morrow.

Good morrow, good morning; -- a form of salutation. -- To morrow. See To- morrow in the Vocabulary.

Morse (?), n. [F. morse, Russ. morj'; perh. akin to E. mere lake; cf. Russ. more sea.] (Zoöl.) The walrus. See Walrus.

Morse, n. [L. morsus a biting, a clasp, fr. mordere to bite.] A clasp for fastening garments in front. Fairholt.

Morse" al"pha*bet (?). A telegraphic alphabet in very general use, inventing by Samuel F.B.Morse, the inventor of Morse's telegraph. The letters are represented by dots and dashes impressed or printed on paper, as, .- (A), - . . . (B), -.. (D), . (E), .. (O), . . . (R), -- (T), etc., or by sounds, flashes of light, etc., with greater or less intervals between them.

Mor"sel (?), n. [OF. morsel, F. morceau, LL. morsellus, a dim. fr. L. morsus a biting, bite, fr. mordere to bite; prob. akin to E. smart. See Smart, and cf. Morceau, Mordant, Muse, v., Muzzle, n.] 1. A little bite or bit of food. Chaucer.

Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a new labor to a tired digestion.

South.

2. A small quantity; a little piece; a fragment.

Mor"sing horn` (?). A horn or flask for holding powder, as for priming. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Mor`si*ta"tion (?), n. The act of biting or gnawing. [Obs.]

Mor"sure (?), n. [F., fr. L. mordere, morsum, to bite.] The act of biting. Swift.

Mort (?), n. [Cf. Icel. margt, neut. of margr many.] A great quantity or number. [Prov. Eng.]

There was a mort of merrymaking.

Dickens.

Mort, n. [Etym. uncert.] A woman; a female. [Cant]

Male gypsies all, not a mort among them.

B. Jonson.

Mort, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) A salmon in its third year. [Prov. Eng.]

Mort, n. [F., death, fr. L. mors, mortis.] 1. Death; esp., the death of game in the chase.

2. A note or series of notes sounded on a horn at the death of game.

The sportsman then sounded a treble mort.

Sir W. Scott.

3. The skin of a sheep or lamb that has died of disease. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Mort cloth, the pall spread over a coffin; black cloth indicative or mourning; funeral hangings. Carlyle. -- Mort stone, a large stone by the wayside on which the bearers rest a coffin. [Eng.] H. Taylor.

Mor"tal (?), a. [F. mortel, L. mortalis, from mors, mortis, death, fr. moriri 8die; akin to E. murder. See Murder, and cf. Filemot, Mere a lake, Mortgage.] 1. Subject to death; destined to die; as, man is mortal.

2. Destructive to life; causing or occasioning death; terminating life; exposing to or deserving death; deadly; as, a mortal wound; a mortal sin.

3. Fatally vulnerable; vital.

Last of all, against himself he turns his sword, but missing the mortal place, with his poniard finishes the work.

Milton.

4. Of or pertaining to the time of death.

Safe in the hand of one disposing Power, Or in the natal or the mortal hour.

Pope.

5. Affecting as if with power to kill; deathly.

The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal fright.

Dryden.

6. Human; belonging to man, who is mortal; as, mortal wit or knowledge; mortal power.

The voice of God To mortal ear is dreadful.

Milton.

7. Very painful or tedious; wearisome; as, a sermon lasting two mortal hours. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

Mortal foe, Mortal enemy, an inveterate, desperate, or implacable enemy; a foe bent on one's destruction.

Mor"tal, n. A being subject to death; a human being; man. "Warn poor mortals left behind." Tickell.

Mor*tal"i*ty (?), n. [L. mortalitas: cf. F. mortalité.] 1. The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or to the necessity of dying.

When I saw her die, I then did think on your mortality.

Carew.

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2. Human life; the life of a mortal being.

From this instant There 's nothing serious in mortality.

Shak.

3. Those who are, or that which is, mortal; the human race; humanity; human nature.

Take these tears, mortality's relief.

Pope.

4. Death; destruction. Shak.

5. The whole sum or number of deaths in a given time or a given community; also, the proportion of deaths to population, or to a specific number of the population; death rate; as, a time of great, or low, mortality; the mortality among the settlers was alarming.

Bill of mortality. See under Bill. -- Law of mortality, a mathematical relation between the numbers living at different ages, so that from a given large number of persons alive at one age, it can be computed what number are likely to survive a given number of years. -- Table of mortality, a table exhibiting the average relative number of persons who survive, or who have died, at the end of each year of life, out of a given number supposed to have been born at the same time.

Mor"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mortalizing (?).] To make mortal. [R.]

Mor"tal*ly, adv. 1. In a mortal manner; so as to cause death; as, mortally wounded.

2. In the manner of a mortal or of mortal beings.

I was mortally brought forth.

Shak.

3. In an extreme degree; to the point of dying or causing death; desperately; as, mortally jealous.

Adrian mortally envied poets, painters, and artificers, in works wherein he had a vein to excel.

Bacon.

Mor"tal*ness, n. Quality of being mortal; mortality.

Mor"tar (?), n. [OE. morter, AS. mortre, L. mortarium: cf. F. mortier mortar. Cf. sense 2 (below), also 2d Mortar, Martel, Morter.] 1. A strong vessel, commonly in form of an inverted bell, in which substances are pounded or rubbed with a pestle.

2. [F. mortier, fr. L. mortarium mortar (for trituarating).] (Mil.) A short piece of ordnance, used for throwing bombs, carcasses, shells, etc., at high angles of elevation, as 45°, and even higher; -- so named from its resemblance in shape to the utensil above described.

Mortar bed (Mil.), a framework of wood and iron, suitably hollowed out to receive the breech and trunnions of a mortar. -- Mortar boat or vessel (Naut.), a boat strongly built and adapted to carrying a mortar or mortars for bombarding; a bomb ketch. -- Mortar piece, a mortar. [Obs.] Shak.

Mor"tar, n. [OE. mortier, F. mortier, L. mortarium mortar, a large basin or trough in which mortar is made, a mortar (in sense 1, above). See 1st Mortar.] (Arch.) A building material made by mixing lime, cement, or plaster of Paris, with sand, water, and sometimes other materials; -- used in masonry for joining stones, bricks, etc., also for plastering, and in other ways.

Mortar bed, a shallow box or receptacle in which mortar is mixed. -- Mortar board. (a) A small square board with a handle beneath, for holding mortar; a hawk. (b) A cap with a broad, projecting, square top; -- worn by students in some colleges. [Slang]

Mor"tar, v. t. To plaster or make fast with mortar.

Mor"tar (?), n. [F. mortier. See Mortar a vessel.] A chamber lamp or light. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mort"gage (môr"gj; 48), n. [F. mort-gage; mort dead (L. mortuus) + gage pledge. See Mortal, and Gage.] 1. (Law) A conveyance of property, upon condition, as security for the payment of a debt or the preformance of a duty, and to become void upon payment or performance according to the stipulated terms; also, the written instrument by which the conveyance is made.

It was called a mortgage (or dead pledge) because, whatever profit it might yield, it did not thereby redeem itself, but became lost or dead to the mortgager upon breach of the condition. But in equity a right of redemption is an inseparable incident of a mortgage until the mortgager is debarred by his own laches, or by judicial decree. Cowell. Kent.

2. State of being pledged; as, lands given in mortgage.

Chattel mortgage. See under Chattel. -- To foreclose a mortgage. See under Foreclose. -- Mortgage deed (Law), a deed given by way of mortgage.

Mort"gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortgaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mortgaging (?).] 1. (Law) To grant or convey, as property, for the security of a debt, or other engagement, upon a condition that if the debt or engagement shall be discharged according to the contract, the conveyance shall be void, otherwise to become absolute, subject, however, to the right of redemption.

2. Hence: To pledge, either literally or figuratively; to make subject to a claim or obligation.

Mortgaging their lives to covetise.

Spenser.

I myself an mortgaged to thy will.

Shak.

Mort`ga*gee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom property is mortgaged, or to whom a mortgage is made or given.

{ Mort"gage*or, Mort"ga*gor } (?), n. (Law) One who gives a mortgage.

The letter e is required analogically after the second g in order to soften it; but the spelling mortgagor is in fact the prevailing form. When the word is contradistinguished from mortgagee it is accented on the last syllable (-jôr").

Mort"ga*ger (?), n. (Law) One who gives a mortgage.

Mor"tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. mortifier; mors, mortis, death + ferre to bring: cf. F. mortifère.] Bringing or producing death; deadly; destructive; as, a mortiferous herb. Gov. of Tongue.

Mor`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. mortificatio a killing. See Mortify.] 1. The act of mortifying, or the condition of being mortified; especially: (a) (Med.) The death of one part of an animal body, while the rest continues to live; loss of vitality in some part of a living animal; gangrene. Dunglison. (b) (Alchem. & Old Chem.) Destruction of active qualities; neutralization. [Obs.] Bacon. (c) Subjection of the passions and appetites, by penance, abstinence, or painful severities inflicted on the body.

The mortification of our lusts has something in it that is troublesome, yet nothing that is unreasonable.

Tillotson.

(d) Hence: Deprivation or depression of self- approval; abatement of pride; humiliation; chagrin; vexation.

We had the mortification to lose sight of Munich, Augsburg, and Ratisbon.

Addison.

2. That which mortifies; the cause of humiliation, chagrin, or vexation.

It is one of the vexatious mortifications of a studious man to have his thoughts discovered by a tedious visit.

L'Estrange.

3. (Scots Law) A gift to some charitable or religious institution; -- nearly synonymous with mortmain.

Syn. -- Chagrin; vexation; shame. See Chagrin.

Mor"ti*fied (?), imp. & p. p. of Mortify.

Mor"ti*fied*ness (?), n. The state of being mortified; humiliation; subjection of the passions. [R.]

Mor"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, mortifies.

Mor"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mortifying (?).] [OE. mortifien, F. mortifier, fr. L. mortificare; L. mors, mortis, death + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Mortal, and - fy.] 1. To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of; to produce gangrene in.

2. To destroy the active powers or essential qualities of; to change by chemical action. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quicksilver is mortified with turpentine.

Bacon.

He mortified pearls in vinegar.

Hakewill.

3. To deaden by religious or other discipline, as the carnal affections, bodily appetites, or worldly desires; to bring into subjection; to abase; to humble.

With fasting mortified, worn out with tears.

Harte.

Mortify thy learned lust.

Prior.

Mortify, therefore, your members which are upon the earth.

Col. iii. 5.

4. To affect with vexation, chagrin, or humiliation; to humble; to depress.

The news of the fatal battle of Worcester, which exceedingly mortified our expectations.

Evelyn.

How often is the ambitious man mortified with the very praises he receives, if they do not rise so high as he thinks they ought!

Addison.

Mor"ti*fy, v. i. 1. To lose vitality and organic structure, as flesh of a living body; to gangrene.

2. To practice penance from religious motives; to deaden desires by religious discipline.

This makes him . . . give alms of all that he hath, watch, fast, and mortify.

Law.

3. To be subdued; to decay, as appetites, desires, etc.

Mor"ti*fy`ing (?), a. 1. Tending to mortify; affected by, or having symptoms of, mortification; as, a mortifying wound; mortifying flesh.

2. Subduing the appetites, desires, etc.; as, mortifying penances.

3. Tending to humble or abase; humiliating; as, a mortifying repulse.

Mor"ti*fy`ing*ly, adv. In a mortifying manner.

Mor"tise (?), n. [F. mortaise; cf. Sp. mortaja, Ar. murtazz fixed, or W. mortais, Ir. mortis, moirtis, Gael. moirteis.] A cavity cut into a piece of timber, or other material, to receive something (as the end of another piece) made to fit it, and called a tenon.

Mortise and tenon (Carp.), made with a mortise and tenon; joined or united by means of a mortise and tenon; -- used adjectively. -- Mortise joint, a joint made by a mortise and tenon. -- Mortise lock. See under Lock. -- Mortise wheel, a cast-iron wheel, with wooden clogs inserted in mortises on its face or edge; -- also called mortise gear, and core gear.

Mor"tise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mortised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mortising.] 1. To cut or make a mortise in.

2. To join or fasten by a tenon and mortise; as, to mortise a beam into a post, or a joist into a girder.

Mort"ling (?), n. [See Morling.] 1. An animal, as a sheep, dead of disease or privation; a morling. [Eng.]

2. Wool plucked from a dead sheep; morling.

Mort"main` (?), n. [F. mort, morte, dead + main hand; F. main-morte. See Mortal, and Manual.] (Law) Possession of lands or tenements in, or conveyance to, dead hands, or hands that cannot alienate.

The term was originally applied to conveyance of land made to ecclesiastical bodies; afterward to conveyance made to any corporate body. Burrill.

Mort"mal (?), n. See Mormal. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Mort"pay` (?), n. [F. mort dead + E. pay.] Dead pay; the crime of taking pay for the service of dead soldiers, or for services not actually rendered by soldiers. [Obs.] Bacon.

{ Mor"tress (?), Mor"trew (?), } n. [See Mortar.] A dish of meats and other ingredients, cooked together; an ollapodrida. Chaucer. Bacon.

Mor"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Mortuaries (#). [LL. mortuarium. See Mortuary, a.] 1. A sort of ecclesiastical heriot, a customary gift claimed by, and due to, the minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. It seems to have been originally a voluntary bequest or donation, intended to make amends for any failure in the payment of tithes of which the deceased had been guilty.

2. A burial place; a place for the dead.

3. A place for the reception of the dead before burial; a deadhouse; a morgue.

Mor"tu*a*ry (?), a. [L. mortuarius, fr. mortuus dead: cf. F. mortuaire. See Mortal.] Of or pertaining to the dead; as, mortuary monuments.

Mortuary urn, an urn for holding the ashes of the dead.

||Mor"u*la (?), n.; pl. Morulæ (#). [NL., dim. of L. morum a mulberry.] ||(Biol.) The sphere or globular mass of cells (blastomeres), formed by ||the clevage of the ovum or egg in the first stages of its ||development; -- called also mulberry mass, segmentation sphere, and ||blastosphere. See Segmentation.

Mor`u*la"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The process of cleavage, or segmentation, of the ovum, by which a morula is formed.

||Mo"rus (?), n. [L., mulberry tree. See Mulberry.] (Bot.) A genus of ||trees, some species of which produce edible fruit; the mulberry. See ||Mulberry.

Morus alba is the white mulberry, a native of India or China, the leaves of which are extensively used for feeding silkworms, for which it furnishes the chief food. -- Morus multicaulis, the many-stemmed or Chinese mulberry, is only a form of white mulberry, preferred on account of its more abundant leaves. -- Morus nigra, the black mulberry, produces a dark-colored fruit, of an agreeable flavor.

Mor"we (?), n. See Morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mor"wen*ing (?), n. Morning. [Obs.]

Mo*sa"ic (?), n. [F. mosaïque; cf. Pr. mozaic, musec, Sp. & Pg. mosaico, It. mosaico, musaico, LGr. &?;, &?;, L. musivum; all fr. Gr. &?; belonging to the Muses. See Muse the goddess.] 1. (Fine Arts) A surface decoration made by inlaying in patterns small pieces of variously colored glass, stone, or other material; -- called also mosaic work.

2. A picture or design made in mosaic; an article decorated in mosaic.

Mo*sa"ic, a. Of or pertaining to the style of work called mosaic; formed by uniting pieces of different colors; variegated; tessellated; also, composed of various materials or ingredients.

A very beautiful mosaic pavement.

Addison.

Florentine mosaic. See under Florentine. -- Mosaic gold. (a) See Ormolu. (b) Stannic sulphide, SnS2, obtained as a yellow scaly crystalline powder, and used as a pigment in bronzing and gilding wood and metal work. It was called by the alchemists aurum musivum, or aurum mosaicum. Called also bronze powder. -- Mosaic work. See Mosaic, n.

Mo*sa"ic, a. [From Moses.] Of or pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites, or established through his agency; as, the Mosaic law, rites, or institutions.

Mo*sa"ic*al (?), a. Mosaic (in either sense). "A mosaical floor." Sir P. Sidney.

Mo*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a mosaic.

Mo"sa*ism (?), n. Attachment to the system or doctrines of Moses; that which is peculiar to the Mosaic system or doctrines.

{ Mos"a*saur (?), Mos`a*sau"ri*an (?), } n. (Paleon.) One of an extinct order of reptiles, including Mosasaurus and allied genera. See Mosasauria.

||Mos`a*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Mosasaurus.] (Paleon.) An order ||of large, extinct, marine reptiles, found in the Cretaceous rocks, ||especially in America. They were serpentlike in form and in having ||loosely articulated and dilatable jaws, with large recurved teeth, ||but they had paddlelike feet. Some of them were over fifty feet long. ||They are, essentially, fossil sea serpents with paddles. Called also ||Pythonomarpha, and Mosasauria.

||Mos`a*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Mosa the River Meuse (on which ||Meastricht is situated) + Gr. &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of ||extinct marine reptiles allied to the lizards, but having the body ||much elongated, and the limbs in the form of paddles. The first known ||species, nearly fifty feet in length, was discovered in Cretaceous ||beds near Maestricht, in the Netherlands. [Written also Mososaurus.]

Mos"cha*tel` (?), n. [Gr. &?; musk: cf. F. moscatelline. See Muscadel, Musk.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Adoxa (A. moschatellina), the flowers of which are pale green, and have a faint musky smell. It is found in woods in all parts of Europe, and is called also hollow root and musk crowfoot. Loudon.

Mos"chine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Moschus, a genus including the musk deer.

Mos"el (?), n. & v. See Muzzle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mo*selle" (?), n. A light wine, usually white, produced in the vicinity of the river Moselle.

Mo"ses (?), n. A large flatboat, used in the West Indies for taking freight from shore to ship.

Mosk (?), n. See Mosque.

Mos"lem (mz"lm), n.; pl. Moslems (-lmz), or collectively Moslem. [Ar. muslim a true believer in the Mohammedan faith, fr. salama to submit to God, to resign one's self to the divine will. Cf. Islam, Mussulman.] A Mussulman; an orthodox Mohammedan. [Written also muslim.] "Heaps of slaughtered Moslem." Macaulay.

They piled the ground with Moslem slain.

Halleck.

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Mos"lem (mz"lm), a. Of or pertaining to the Mohammedans; Mohammedan; as, Moslem lands; the Moslem faith.

Mos"lings (?), n. pl. Thin shreds of leather shaved off in dressing skins. Simmonds.

||Mos`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Mosasaurus.

Mosque (msk), n. [F. mosquée, Sp. mezquita, Ar. masjid, from sajada to bend, adore.] A Mohammedan church or place of religious worship. [Written also mosk.]

Mos*qui"to (ms*k*t), n.; pl. Mosquitoes (#). [Sp. mosquito, fr. moscafly, L. musca. Cf. Musket.] (Zoöl.) Any one of various species of gnats of the genus Culex and allied genera. The females have a proboscis containing, within the sheathlike labium, six fine, sharp, needlelike organs with which they puncture the skin of man and animals to suck the blood. These bites, when numerous, cause, in many persons, considerable irritation and swelling, with some pain. The larvæ and pupæ, called wigglers, are aquatic. [Written also musquito.]

Mosquito bar, Mosquito net, a net or curtain for excluding mosquitoes, -- used for beds and windows. -- Mosquito fleet, a fleet of small vessels. -- Mosquito hawk (Zoöl.), a dragon fly; -- so called because it captures and feeds upon mosquitoes. -- Mosquito netting, a loosely-woven gauzelike fabric for making mosquito bars.

Moss (?), n. [OE. mos; akin to AS. meós, D. mos, G. moos, OHG. mos, mios, Icel. mosi, Dan. mos, Sw. mossa, Russ. mokh', L. muscus. Cf. Muscoid.] 1. (Bot.) A cryptogamous plant of a cellular structure, with distinct stem and simple leaves. The fruit is a small capsule usually opening by an apical lid, and so discharging the spores. There are many species, collectively termed Musci, growing on the earth, on rocks, and trunks of trees, etc., and a few in running water.

The term moss is also popularly applied to many other small cryptogamic plants, particularly lichens, species of which are called tree moss, rock moss, coral moss, etc. Fir moss and club moss are of the genus Lycopodium. See Club moss, under Club, and Lycopodium.

2. A bog; a morass; a place containing peat; as, the mosses of the Scottish border.

Moss is used with participles in the composition of words which need no special explanation; as, moss-capped, moss-clad, moss-covered, moss-grown, etc.

Black moss. See under Black, and Tillandsia. -- Bog moss. See Sphagnum. -- Feather moss, any moss branched in a feathery manner, esp. several species of the genus Hypnum. -- Florida moss, Long moss, or Spanish moss. See Tillandsia. -- Iceland moss, a lichen. See Iceland Moss. -- Irish moss, a seaweed. See Carrageen. -- Moss agate (Min.), a variety of agate, containing brown, black, or green mosslike or dendritic markings, due in part to oxide of manganese. Called also Mocha stone. - - Moss animal (Zoöl.), a bryozoan. -- Moss berry (Bot.), the small cranberry (Vaccinium Oxycoccus). -- Moss campion (Bot.), a kind of mosslike catchfly (Silene acaulis), with mostly purplish flowers, found on the highest mountains of Europe and America, and within the Arctic circle. -- Moss land, land produced accumulation of aquatic plants, forming peat bogs of more or less consistency, as the water is grained off or retained in its pores. -- Moss pink (Bot.), a plant of the genus Phlox (P. subulata), growing in patches on dry rocky hills in the Middle United States, and often cultivated for its handsome flowers. Gray. -- Moss rose (Bot.), a variety of rose having a mosslike growth on the stalk and calyx. It is said to be derived from the Provence rose. -- Moss rush (Bot.), a rush of the genus Juncus (J. squarrosus). -- Scale moss. See Hepatica.

Moss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mossing.] To cover or overgrow with moss.

An oak whose boughs were mossed with age.

Shak.

Moss"back` (?), n. A veteran partisan; one who is so conservative in opinion that he may be likened to a stone or old tree covered with moss. [Political Slang, U.S.]

{ Moss"bank`er (?), Moss"bunk`er (?), } n. (Zoöl.) The menhaded.

Moss"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown with moss.

Moss"i*ness (?), n. The state of being mossy.

Moss"troop`er (?), n. [Moss + trooper.] One of a class of marauders or bandits that formerly infested the border country between England and Scotland; -- so called in allusion to the mossy or boggy character of much of the border country.

Moss"y (?), a. [Compar. Mossier (?); superl. Mossiest.] 1. Overgrown with moss; abounding with or edged with moss; as, mossy trees; mossy streams.

Old trees are more mossy far than young.

Bacon.

2. Resembling moss; as, mossy green.

Most (mst), a., superl. of More. [OE. most, mast, mest, AS. mst; akin to D. meest, OS. mst, G. meist, Icel. mestr, Goth. maists; a superl. corresponding to E. more. &radic;103. See More, a.] 1. Consisting of the greatest number or quantity; greater in number or quantity than all the rest; nearly all. "Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness." Prov. xx. 6.

The cities wherein most of his mighty works were done.

Matt. xi. 20.

2. Greatest in degree; as, he has the most need of it. "In the moste pride." Chaucer.

3. Highest in rank; greatest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Most is used as a noun, the words part, portion, quantity, etc., being omitted, and has the following meanings: 1. The greatest value, number, or part; preponderating portion; highest or chief part. 2. The utmost; greatest possible amount, degree, or result; especially in the phrases to make the most of, at the most, at most.

A quarter of a year or some months at the most.

Bacon.

A covetous man makes the most of what he has.

L'Estrange.

For the most part, in reference to the larger part of a thing, or to the majority of the persons, instances, or things referred to; as, human beings, for the most part, are superstitious; the view, for the most part, was pleasing. -- Most an end, generally. See An end, under End, n. [Obs.] "She sleeps most an end." Massinger.

Most, adv. [AS. mst. See Most, a.] In the greatest or highest degree.

Those nearest to this king, and most his favorites, were courtiers and prelates.

Milton.

Placed before an adjective or adverb, most is used to form the superlative degree, being equivalent to the termination -est; as, most vile, most wicked; most illustrious; most rapidly. Formerly, and until after the Elizabethan period of our literature, the use of the double superlative was common. See More, adv.

The most unkindest cut of all.

Shak.

The most straitest sect of our religion.

Acts xxvi. 5.

Mos`ta*hi"ba (?), n. See Mustaiba.

Mos"te (?), obs. imp. of Mote. Chaucer.

{ Mos"tic, Mos"tick } (?), n. [See Maul-stick.] A painter's maul-stick.

Most"ly (?), adv. For the greatest part; for the most part; chiefly; in the main.

||Mos"tra (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) See Direct, n.

Most"what` (?), adv. For the most part. [Obs.] "All the rest do mostwhat far amiss." Spenser.

Mot (mt), v. [Sing. pres. ind. Mot, Mote, Moot (mt), pl. Mot, Mote, Moote, pres. subj. Mote; imp. Moste.] [See Must, v.] [Obs.] May; must; might.

He moot as well say one word as another

Chaucer.

The wordes mote be cousin to the deed.

Chaucer.

Men moot [i.e., one only] give silver to the poore freres.

Chaucer.

So mote it be, so be it; amen; -- a phrase in some rituals, as that of the Freemasons.

Mot (mt; m, def. 2), n. [F. See Motto.] 1. A word; hence, a motto; a device. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Tarquin's eye may read the mot afar.

Shak.

2. A pithy or witty saying; a witticism. [A Gallicism]

Here and there turns up a . . . savage mot.

N. Brit. Rev.

3. A note or brief strain on a bugle. Sir W. Scott.

Mot"a*cil (?), n. [Cf. F. motacille.] (Zoöl.) Any singing bird of the genus Motacilla; a wagtail.

Mo*ta"tion (?), n. [L. motare, motatum, to keep moving.] The act of moving; motion. [Obs.]

Mote (?), v. See 1st Mot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mote, n. [See Moot, a meeting.] [Obs., except in a few combinations or phrases.] 1. A meeting of persons for discussion; as, a wardmote in the city of London.

2. A body of persons who meet for discussion, esp. about the management of affairs; as, a folkmote.

3. A place of meeting for discussion.

Mote bell, the bell rung to summon to a mote. [Obs.]

Mote, n. The flourish sounded on a horn by a huntsman. See Mot, n., 3, and Mort. Chaucer.

Mote, n. [OE. mot, AS. mot.] A small particle, as of floating dust; anything proverbially small; a speck.

The little motes in the sun do ever stir, though there be no wind.

Bacon.

We are motes in the midst of generations.

Landor.

Mot"ed (?), a. Filled with motes, or fine floating dust; as, the air. "Moted sunbeams." Tennyson.

Mo*tet" (?), n. [F., a dim. of mot word; cf. It. mottetto, dim. of motto word, device. See Mot, Motto.] (Mus.) A composition adapted to sacred words in the elaborate polyphonic church style; an anthem.

Moth (mth), n. A mote. [Obs.] Shak.

Moth, n.; pl. Moths (mthz). [OE. mothe, AS. moððe; akin to D. mot, G. motte, Icel. motti, and prob. to E. mad an earthworm. Cf. Mad, n., Mawk.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any nocturnal lepidopterous insect, or any not included among the butterflies; as, the luna moth; Io moth; hawk moth.

2. (Zoöl.) Any lepidopterous insect that feeds upon garments, grain, etc.; as, the clothes moth; grain moth; bee moth. See these terms under Clothes, Grain, etc.

3. (Zoöl.) Any one of various other insects that destroy woolen and fur goods, etc., esp. the larvæ of several species of beetles of the genera Dermestes and Anthrenus. Carpet moths are often the larvæ of Anthrenus. See Carpet beetle, under Carpet, Dermestes, Anthrenus.

4. Anything which gradually and silently eats, consumes, or wastes any other thing.

Moth blight (Zoöl.), any plant louse of the genus Aleurodes, and related genera. They are injurious to various plants. -- Moth gnat (Zoöl.), a dipterous insect of the genus Bychoda, having fringed wings. -- Moth hunter (Zoöl.), the goatsucker. -- Moth miller (Zoöl.), a clothes moth. See Miller, 3, (a). -- Moth mullein (Bot.), a common herb of the genus Verbascum (V. Blattaria), having large wheel-shaped yellow or whitish flowers.

Moth"-eat` (?), v. t. To eat or prey upon, as a moth eats a garment. [Rarely used except in the form moth-eaten, p. p. or a.]

Ruin and neglect have so moth-eaten her.

Sir T. Herbert.

Moth"en (?), a. Full of moths. [Obs.] Fulke.

Moth"er (?), n. [OE. moder, AS. mdor; akin to D. moeder, OS. mdar, G. mutter, OHG. muotar, Icel. mðir, Dan. & Sw. moder, OSlav. mati, Russ. mate, Ir. & Gael. mathair, L. mater, Gr. mh`thr, Skr. mt; cf. Skr. m to measure. &radic;268. Cf. Material, Matrix, Metropolis, Father.] 1. A female parent; especially, one of the human race; a woman who has borne a child.

2. That which has produced or nurtured anything; source of birth or origin; generatrix.

Alas! poor country! . . . it can not Be called our mother, but our grave.

Shak.

I behold . . . the solitary majesty of Crete, mother of a religion, it is said, that lived two thousand years.

Landor.

3. An old woman or matron. [Familiar]

4. The female superior or head of a religious house, as an abbess, etc.

5. Hysterical passion; hysteria. [Obs.] Shak.

Mother Carey's chicken (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small petrels, as the stormy petrel (Procellaria pelagica), and Leach's petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), both of the Atlantic, and O. furcata of the North Pacific. -- Mother Carey's goose (Zoöl.), the giant fulmar of the Pacific. See Fulmar. -- Mother's mark (Med.), a congenital mark upon the body; a nævus.

Moth"er, a. Received by birth or from ancestors; native, natural; as, mother language; also acting the part, or having the place of a mother; producing others; originating.

It is the mother falsehood from which all idolatry is derived.

T. Arnold.

Mother cell (Biol.), a cell which, by endogenous divisions, gives rise to other cells (daughter cells); a parent cell. -- Mother church, the original church; a church from which other churches have sprung; as, the mother church of a diocese. -- Mother country, the country of one's parents or ancestors; the country from which the people of a colony derive their origin. - - Mother liquor (Chem.), the impure or complex residual solution which remains after the salts readily or regularly crystallizing have been removed. -- Mother queen, the mother of a reigning sovereign; a queen mother. -- Mother tongue. (a) A language from which another language has had its origin. (b) The language of one's native land; native tongue. -- Mother water. See Mother liquor (above). -- Mother wit, natural or native wit or intelligence.

Moth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mothering.] To adopt as a son or daughter; to perform the duties of a mother to.

The queen, to have put lady Elizabeth besides the crown, would have mothered another body's child.

Howell.

Moth"er, n. [Akin to D. modder mud, G. moder mold, mud, Dan. mudder mud, and to E. mud. See Mud.] A film or membrane which is developed on the surface of fermented alcoholic liquids, such as vinegar, wine, etc., and acts as a means of conveying the oxygen of the air to the alcohol and other combustible principles of the liquid, thus leading to their oxidation.

The film is composed of a mass of rapidly developing microörganisms of the genus Mycoderma, and in the mother of vinegar the microörganisms (Mycoderma aceti) composing the film are the active agents in the Conversion of the alcohol into vinegar. When thickened by growth, the film may settle to the bottom of the fluid. See Acetous fermentation, under Fermentation.

Moth"er, v. i. To become like, or full of, mother, or thick matter, as vinegar.

Moth"ered (?), a. Thick, like mother; viscid.

They oint their naked limbs with mothered oil.

Dryden.

Moth"er*hood (?), n. The state of being a mother; the character or office of a mother.

Moth"er*ing, n. A rural custom in England, of visiting one's parents on Midlent Sunday, -- supposed to have been originally visiting the mother church to make offerings at the high altar.

Moth"er-in-law` (?), n. The mother of one's husband or wife.

Moth"er*land` (?), n. The country of one's ancestors; -- same as fatherland.

Moth"er*less, a. [AS. mdorleás.] Destitute of a mother; having lost a mother; as, motherless children.

Moth"er*li*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being motherly.

Moth"er*ly, a. [AS. mdorlic.] Of or pertaining to a mother; like, or suitable for, a mother; tender; maternal; as, motherly authority, love, or care. Hooker.

Syn. -- Maternal; paternal. -- Motherly, Maternal. Motherly, being Anglo-Saxon, is the most familiar word of the two when both have the same meaning. Besides this, maternal is confined to the feelings of a mother toward her own children, whereas motherly has a secondary sense, denoting a care like that of a mother for her offspring. There is, perhaps, a growing tendency thus to separate the two, confining motherly to the latter signification. "They termed her the great mother, for her motherly care in cherishing her brethren whilst young." Sir W. Raleigh.

Moth"er*ly, adv. In a manner of a mother.

Moth"er-na`ked (?), a. Naked as when born.

Moth"er-of-pearl` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The hard pearly internal layer of several kinds of shells, esp. of pearl oysters, river mussels, and the abalone shells; nacre. See Pearl.

Moth"er-of-thyme` (?), n. (Bot.) An aromatic plant (Thymus Serphyllum); -- called also wild thyme.

Moth"er*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A labiate herb (Leonurus Cardiaca), of a bitter taste, used popularly in medicine; lion's tail. (b) The mugwort. See Mugwort.

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Moth"er*y (m"r*), a. Consisting of, containing, or resembling, mother (in vinegar).

Moth"y (?), a. Infested with moths; moth-eaten. "An old mothy saddle." Shak.

Mo"tif (?), n. [F.] Motive.

Mo*tif"ic (?), a. [L. motus motion (fr. movere to move) + facere to make.] Producing motion. [R.]

Mo"tile (?), a. [See Motive.] 1. (Biol.) Having powers of self-motion, though unconscious; as, the motile spores of certain seaweeds.

2. Producing motion; as, motile powers.

Mo*til"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. motilité.] (Physiol.) Capability of motion; contractility.

Mo"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. motio, fr. movere, motum, to move. See Move.] 1. The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to rest.

Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace attends thee, and each word, each motion, forms.

Milton.

2. Power of, or capacity for, motion.

Devoid of sense and motion.

Milton.

3. Direction of movement; course; tendency; as, the motion of the planets is from west to east.

In our proper motion we ascend.

Milton.

4. Change in the relative position of the parts of anything; action of a machine with respect to the relative movement of its parts.

This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion.

Dr. H. More.

5. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse to any action; internal activity.

Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God.

South.

6. A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress; esp., a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly; as, a motion to adjourn.

Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion.

Shak.

7. (Law) An application made to a court or judge orally in open court. Its object is to obtain an order or rule directing some act to be done in favor of the applicant. Mozley & W.

8. (Mus.) Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part or in groups of parts.

The independent motions of different parts sounding together constitute counterpoint.

Grove.

Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale. Contrary motion is that when parts move in opposite directions. Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique motion is that when one part is stationary while another moves. Similar or direct motion is that when parts move in the same direction.

9. A puppet show or puppet. [Obs.]

What motion's this? the model of Nineveh?

Beau. & Fl.

Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound. Simple motions are: (a) straight translation, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. (b) Simple rotation, which may be either continuous or reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called oscillating. (c) Helical, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. Compound motion consists of combinations of any of the simple motions.

Center of motion, Harmonic motion, etc. See under Center, Harmonic, etc. -- Motion block (Steam Engine), a crosshead. -- Perpetual motion (Mech.), an incessant motion conceived to be attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces independently of any action from without.

Syn. -- See Movement.

Mo"tion, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Motioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Motioning.] 1. To make a significant movement or gesture, as with the hand; as, to motion to one to take a seat.

2. To make proposal; to offer plans. [Obs.] Shak.

Mo"tion, v. t. 1. To direct or invite by a motion, as of the hand or head; as, to motion one to a seat.

2. To propose; to move. [Obs.]

I want friends to motion such a matter.

Burton.

Mo"tion*er (?), n. One who makes a motion; a mover. Udall.

Mo"tion*ist, n. A mover. [Obs.]

Mo"tion*less, a. Without motion; being at rest.

Mo"tive (?), n. [F. motif, LL. motivum, from motivus moving, fr. L. movere, motum, to move. See Move.] 1. That which moves; a mover. [Obs.] Shak.

2. That which incites to action; anything prompting or exciting to choise, or moving the will; cause; reason; inducement; object.

By motive, I mean the whole of that which moves, excites, or invites the mind to volition, whether that be one thing singly, or many things conjunctively.

J. Edwards.

3. (Mus.) The theme or subject; a leading phrase or passage which is reproduced and varied through the course of a comor a movement; a short figure, or melodic germ, out of which a whole movement is develpoed. See also Leading motive, under Leading. [Written also motivo.]

4. (Fine Arts) That which produces conception, invention, or creation in the mind of the artist in undertaking his subject; the guiding or controlling idea manifested in a work of art, or any part of one.

Syn. -- Incentive; incitement; inducement; reason; spur; stimulus; cause. -- Motive, Inducement, Reason. Motive is the word originally used in speaking of that which determines the choice. We call it an inducement when it is attractive in its nature. We call it a reason when it is more immediately addressed to the intellect in the form of argument.

Mo"tive, a. Causing motion; having power to move, or tending to move; as, a motive argument; motive power. "Motive faculty." Bp. Wilkins.

Motive power (Mach.), a natural agent, as water, steam, wind, electricity, etc., used to impart motion to machinery; a motor; a mover.

Mo"tive (?), v. t. To prompt or incite by a motive or motives; to move.

Mo"tive*less, a. Destitute of a motive; not incited by a motive. -- Mo"tive*less*ness, n. G. Eliot.

Mo*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [See Motive, n.] 1. The power of moving or producing motion.

2. The quality of being influenced by motives. [R.]

||Mo*ti"vo (?), n. [It. See Motive, n.] See Motive, n., 3, 4.

Mot"ley (?), a. [OE. mottelee, motle; cf. OF. mattelé clotted, curdled, OF, ciel mattonné a mottled sky, mate, maton, curdled milk, Prov. G. matte curd. Cf. Mottle.] 1. Variegated in color; consisting of different colors; dappled; party-colored; as, a motley coat.

2. Wearing motley or party-colored clothing. See Motley, n., 1. "A motley fool." Shak.

3. Composed of different or various parts; heterogeneously made or mixed up; discordantly composite; as, motley style. Byron.

Mot"ley, n. 1. A combination of distinct colors; esp., the party-colored cloth, or clothing, worn by the professional fool. Chaucer. "Motley 's the only wear." Shak.

2. Hence, a jester, a fool. [Obs.] Shak.

Man of motley, a fool. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Mot"ley-mind`ed (?), a. Having a mind of a jester; foolish. Shak.

Mot"mot (?), n. [Cf. Momot.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of long-tailed, passerine birds of the genus Momotus, having a strong serrated beak. In most of the species the two long middle tail feathers are racket-shaped at the tip, when mature. The bird itself is said by some writers to trim them into this shape. They feed on insects, reptiles, and fruit, and are found from Mexico to Brazil. The name is derived from its note. [Written also momot.]

||Mo"to (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) Movement; manner of movement; ||particularly, movement with increased rapidity; -- used especially in ||the phrase con moto, directing to a somewhat quicker movement; as, ||andante con moto, a little more rapidly than andante, etc.

Mo"ton (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anc. Armor) A small plate covering the armpit in armor of the 14th century and later.

Mo"tor (?), n. [L., fr. movere, motum, to move.] 1. One who, or that which, imparts motion; a source of mechanical power.

2. (Mach.) A prime mover; a machine by means of which a source of power, as steam, moving water, electricity, etc., is made available for doing mechanical work.

{ Mo"tor (?), Mo"to*ry (?), Mo*to"ri*al (?), } a. [L. motorius that has motion. See Motor, n.] Causing or setting up motion; pertaining to organs of motion; -- applied especially in physiology to those nerves or nerve fibers which only convey impressions from a nerve center to muscles, thereby causing motion.

Mo"tor*man (?), n. A man who controls a motor.

Mo`tor*path"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to motorpathy.

Mo*tor"pa*thy (?), n. [L. motor a mover + Gr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] (Med.) Kinesiatrics.

Motte (?), n. [Cf. F. motte a clod, clump, or hillock.] A clump of trees in a prairie. [Local, U.S.]

Mot"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mottled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mottling (?).] [From Mottled.] To mark with spots of different color, or shades of color, as if stained; to spot; to maculate.

Mot"tle, n. A mottled appearance.

Mot"tled (?), a. [From Motley.] Marked with spots of different colors; variegated; spotted; as, mottled wood. "The mottled meadows." Drayton.

Mot"to (?), n.; pl. Mottoes (#). [It. motto a word, a saying, L. muttum a mutter, a grunt, cf. muttire, mutire, to mutter, mumble; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Mot a word.] 1. (Her.) A sentence, phrase, or word, forming part of an heraldic achievment.

2. A sentence, phrase, or word, prefixed to an essay, discourse, chapter, canto, or the like, suggestive of its subject matter; a short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle; a maxim.

It was the motto of a bishop eminent for his piety and good works, . . . "Serve God, and be cheerful."

Addison.

Mot"toed (?), a. Bearing or having a motto; as, a mottoed coat or device.

Mot"ty (?), a. Full of, or consisting of, motes. [Written also mottie.] [Scot.]

The motty dust reek raised by the workmen.

H. Miller.

||Mou`choir" (m`shwär"), n. [F.] A handkerchief.

Mou*ez"zin (?), n. [F.] See Muezzin.

Mouf"lon (?), n. [F. mouflon.] (Zoöl.) A wild sheep (Ovis musimon), inhabiting the mountains of Sardinia, Corsica, etc. Its horns are very large, with a triangular base and rounded angles. It is supposed by some to be the original of the domestic sheep. Called also musimon or musmon. [Written also moufflon.]

Mought (?), obs. imp. of May. Might.

||Mouil*la"tion (?), n. [See Mouillé.] (Phon.) The act of uttering the ||sound of a mouillé letter.

||Mouil`lé" (?), a. [F., lit., wet.] (Phon.) Applied to certain ||consonants having a "liquid" or softened sound; e.g., in French, l or ||ll and gn (like the lli in million and ni in minion); in Italian, gl ||and gn; in Spanish, ll and ñ; in Portuguese, lh and nh.

{ Mould (mld), Mould"er (?), Mould"y (?), etc. } See Mold, Molder, Moldy, etc.

Moule (ml), v. i. [OE. moulen. See Mold.] To contract mold; to grow moldy; to mold. [Obs.]

Let us not moulen thus in idleness.

Chaucer.

{ Mou*line" (?), Mou"li*net (?), } n. [F. moulinet, orig., a little mill, dim. of moulin mill. See Mill.] 1. The drum upon which the rope is wound in a capstan, crane, or the like.

2. A machine formerly used for bending a crossbow by winding it up.

3. In sword and saber exercises, a circular swing of the weapon.

Moult (mlt), v. & n. See Molt.

Moult"en (-'n), a. Having molted. [Obs.] "A moulten raven." Shak.

Moun (moun), v., pl. of Mow, may. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Mounch (mounch), v. t. To munch. [Obs.]

Mound (mound), n. [F. monde the world, L. mundus. See Mundane.] A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious stones, and surmounted with a cross; -- called also globe.

Mound, n. [OE. mound, mund, protection, AS. mund protection, hand; akin to OHG. munt, Icel. mund hand, and prob. to L. manus. See Manual.] An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embarkment thrown up for defense; a bulwark; a rampart; also, a natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll.

To thrid the thickets or to leap the mounds.

Dryden.

Mound bird. (Zoöl.) Same as Mound maker (below). -- Mound builders (Ethnol.), the tribe, or tribes, of North American aborigines who built, in former times, extensive mounds of earth, esp. in the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Formerly they were supposed to have preceded the Indians, but later investigations go to show that they were, in general, identical with the tribes that occupied the country when discovered by Europeans. -- Mound maker (Zoöl.), any one of the megapodes. -- Shell mound, a mound of refuse shells, collected by aborigines who subsisted largely on shellfish. See Midden, and Kitchen middens.

Mound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Mounding.] To fortify or inclose with a mound.

Mount (mount), n. [OE. munt, mont, mount, AS. munt, fr. L. mons, montis; cf. L. minae protections, E. eminent, menace: cf. F. mont. Cf. Mount, v., Mountain, Mont, Monte, Montem.] 1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising considerably above the common surface of the surrounding land; a mountain; a high hill; -- used always instead of mountain, when put before a proper name; as, Mount Washington; otherwise, chiefly in poetry.

2. A bulwark for offense or defense; a mound. [Obs.]

Hew ye down trees, and cast a mount against Jerusalem.

Jer. vi. 6.

3. [See Mont de piété.] A bank; a fund.

Mount of piety. See Mont de piété.

Mount, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mounted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mounting.] [OE. mounten, monten, F. monter, fr. L. mons, montis, mountain. See Mount, n. (above).] 1. To rise on high; to go up; to be upraised or uplifted; to tower aloft; to ascend; -- often with up.

Though Babylon should mount up to heaven.

Jer. li. 53.

The fire of trees and houses mounts on high.

Cowley.

2. To get up on anything, as a platform or scaffold; especially, to seat one's self on a horse for riding.

3. To attain in value; to amount.

Bring then these blessings to a strict account, Make fair deductions, see to what they mount.

Pope.

Mount, v. t. 1. To get upon; to ascend; to climb.

Shall we mount again the rural throne?

Dryden.

2. To place one's self on, as a horse or other animal, or anything that one sits upon; to bestride.

3. To cause to mount; to put on horseback; to furnish with animals for riding; to furnish with horses. "To mount the Trojan troop." Dryden.

4. Hence: To put upon anything that sustains and fits for use, as a gun on a carriage, a map or picture on cloth or paper; to prepare for being worn or otherwise used, as a diamond by setting, or a sword blade by adding the hilt, scabbard, etc.

5. To raise aloft; to lift on high.

What power is it which mounts my love so high?

Shak.

A fort or ship is said to mount cannon, when it has them arranged for use in or about it.

To mount guard (Mil.), to go on guard; to march on guard; to do duty as a guard. -- To mount a play, to prepare and arrange the scenery, furniture, etc., used in the play.

Mount, n. [From Mount, v.] That upon which a person or thing is mounted, as: (a) A horse.

She had so good a seat and hand, she might be trusted with any mount.

G. Eliot.

(b) The cardboard or cloth on which a drawing, photograph, or the like is mounted; a mounting.

Mount"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be mounted.

Moun"tain (?), n. [OE. mountaine, montaine, F. montagne, LL. montanea, montania, fr. L. mons, montis, a mountain; cf. montanus belonging to a mountain. See 1st Mount.] 1. A large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or adjacent land; earth and rock forming an isolated peak or a ridge; an eminence higher than a hill; a mount.

2. pl. A range, chain, or group of such elevations; as, the White Mountains.

3. A mountainlike mass; something of great bulk.

I should have been a mountain of mummy.

Shak.

The Mountain (La montagne) (French Hist.), a popular name given in 1793 to a party of extreme Jacobins in the National Convention, who occupied the highest rows of seats.

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Moun"tain (moun"tn), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a mountain or mountains; growing or living on a mountain; found on or peculiar to mountains; among mountains; as, a mountain torrent; mountain pines; mountain goats; mountain air; mountain howitzer.

2. Like a mountain; mountainous; vast; very great.

The high, the mountain majesty of worth.

Byron.

Mountain antelope (Zoöl.), the goral. -- Mountain ash (Bot.), an ornamental tree, the Pyrus (Sorbus) Americana, producing beautiful bunches of red berries. Its leaves are pinnate, and its flowers white, growing in fragrant clusters. The European species is the P. aucuparia, or rowan tree. -- Mountain barometer, a portable barometer, adapted for safe transportation, used in measuring the heights of mountains. -- Mountain beaver (Zoöl.), the sewellel. -- Mountain blue (Min.), blue carbonate of copper; azurite. -- Mountain cat (Zoöl.), the catamount. See Catamount. -- Mountain chain, a series of contiguous mountain ranges, generally in parallel or consecutive lines or curves. -- Mountain cock (Zoöl.), capercailzie. See Capercailzie. -- Mountain cork (Min.), a variety of asbestus, resembling cork in its texture. -- Mountain crystal. See under Crystal. -- Mountain damson (Bot.), a large tree of the genus Simaruba (S. amarga) growing in the West Indies, which affords a bitter tonic and astringent, sometimes used in medicine. -- Mountain dew, Scotch whisky, so called because often illicitly distilled among the mountains. [Humorous] -- Mountain ebony (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Bauhinia variegata) of the East and West Indies; -- so called because of its dark wood. The bark is used medicinally and in tanning. -- Mountain flax (Min.), a variety of asbestus, having very fine fibers; amianthus. See Amianthus. -- Mountain fringe (Bot.), climbing fumitory. See under Fumitory. -- Mountain goat. (Zoöl.) See Mazama. -- Mountain green. (Min.) (a) Green malachite, or carbonate of copper. (b) See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Mountain holly (Bot.), a branching shrub (Nemopanthes Canadensis), having smooth oblong leaves and red berries. It is found in the Northern United States. -- Mountain laurel (Bot.), an American shrub (Kalmia latifolia) with glossy evergreen leaves and showy clusters of rose-colored or white flowers. The foliage is poisonous. Called also American laurel, ivy bush, and calico bush. See Kalmia. -- Mountain leather (Min.), a variety of asbestus, resembling leather in its texture. -- Mountain licorice (Bot.), a plant of the genus Trifolium (T. Alpinum). - - Mountain limestone (Geol.), a series of marine limestone strata below the coal measures, and above the old red standstone of Great Britain. See Chart of Geology. -- Mountain linnet (Zoöl.), the twite. -- Mountain magpie. (Zoöl.) (a) The yaffle, or green woodpecker. (b) The European gray shrike. -- Mountain mahogany (Bot.) See under Mahogany. -- Mountain meal (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite, occurring as an efflorescence. -- Mountain milk (Min.), a soft spongy variety of carbonate of lime. -- Mountain mint. (Bot.) See Mint. -- Mountain ousel (Zoöl.), the ring ousel; -- called also mountain thrush and mountain colley. See Ousel. -- Mountain pride, or Mountain green (Bot.), a tree of Jamaica (Spathelia simplex), which has an unbranched palmlike stem, and a terminal cluster of large, pinnate leaves. -- Mountain quail (Zoöl.), the plumed partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California. It has two long, slender, plumelike feathers on the head. The throat and sides are chestnut; the belly is brown with transverse bars of black and white; the neck and breast are dark gray. -- Mountain range, a series of mountains closely related in position and direction. -- Mountain rice. (Bot.) (a) An upland variety of rice, grown without irrigation, in some parts of Asia, Europe, and the United States. (b) An American genus of grasses (Oryzopsis). -- Mountain rose (Bot.), a species of rose with solitary flowers, growing in the mountains of Europe (Rosa alpina). -- Mountain soap (Min.), a soft earthy mineral, of a brownish color, used in crayon painting; saxonite. -- Mountain sorrel (Bot.), a low perennial plant (Oxyria digyna with rounded kidney-form leaves, and small greenish flowers, found in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and in high northern latitudes. Gray. -- Mountain sparrow (Zoöl.), the European tree sparrow. -- Mountain spinach. (Bot.) See Orach. -- Mountain tobacco (Bot.), a composite plant (Arnica montana) of Europe; called also leopard's bane. -- Mountain witch (Zoöl.), a ground pigeon of Jamaica, of the genus Geotrygon.

Moun`tain*eer" (moun`tn*r"), n. [OF. montanier, LL. montanarius. See Mountain.] 1. An inhabitant of a mountain; one who lives among mountains.

2. A rude, fierce person. [Obs.]

No savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer.

Milton.

Moun`tain*eer", v. i. To live or act as a mountaineer; to climb mountains.

You can't go mountaineering in a flat country.

H. James.

Moun"tain*er (?), n. A mountaineer. [Obs.]

Moun"tain*et (?), n. A small mountain. [R.]

Moun"tain*ous (?), a. [F. montagneux, L. montaniosus.] 1. Full of, or containing, mountains; as, the mountainous country of the Swiss.

2. Inhabiting mountains. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. Large as, or resembling, a mountain; huge; of great bulk; as, a mountainous heap. Prior.

Moun"tain*ous*ness, n. The state or quality of being mountainous.

Mount"ance (?), n. [OF. montance.] Amount; sum; quantity; extent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mount"ant (?), a. [F. montant, p. pr. of monter. See Mount, and cf. Montant.] Raised; high. [Obs.]

Mount"e*bank (?), n. [It. montimbanco, montambanco; montare to mount + in in, upon + banco bench. See Mount, and 4th Bank.] 1. One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends medicines which he pretends are infallible remedies; a quack doctor.

Such is the weakness and easy credulity of men, that a mountebank . . . is preferred before an able physician.

Whitlock.

2. Any boastful or false pretender; a charlatan; a quack.

Nothing so impossible in nature but mountebanks will undertake.

Arbuthnot.

Mount"e*bank, v. t. To cheat by boasting and false pretenses; to gull. [R.] Shak.

Mount"e*bank, v. i. To play the mountebank.

Mount"e*bank`er*y (?), n. The practices of a mountebank; quackery; boastful and vain pretenses.

Mount"e*bank`ish, a. Like a mountebank or his quackery. Howell.

Mount"e*bank*ism (?), n. The practices of a mountebank; mountebankery.

Mount"ed, a. 1. Seated or serving on horseback or similarly; as, mounted police; mounted infantry.

2. Placed on a suitable support, or fixed in a setting; as, a mounted gun; a mounted map; a mounted gem.

Mount"e*naunce (?), n. Mountance. [Obs.]

Mount"er (?), n. 1. One who mounts.

2. An animal mounted; a monture. [Obs.]

Mount"ing, n. 1. The act of one that mounts.

2. That by which anything is prepared for use, or set off to advantage; equipment; embellishment; setting; as, the mounting of a sword or diamond.

Mount"ing*ly, adv. In an ascending manner.

Mount"let (?), n. A small or low mountain. [R.]

Mount"y (?), n. [F. montée, fr. monter. See Mount, v.] The rise of a hawk after prey. Sir P. Sidney.

Mourn (mrn), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mourned (mrnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Mourning.] [AS. murnan; akin to OS. mornian, OHG. mornen, Goth. maúrnan.] 1. To express or to feel grief or sorrow; to grieve; to be sorrowful; to lament; to be in a state of grief or sadness.

Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her.

Gen. xxiii. 2.

2. To wear the customary garb of a mourner.

We mourn in black; why mourn we not in blood?

Shak.

Grieve for an hour, perhaps, then mourn a year.

Pope.

Mourn, v. t. 1. To grieve for; to lament; to deplore; to bemoan; to bewail.

As if he mourned his rival's ill success.

Addison.

And looking over the hills, I mourn The darling who shall not return.

Emerson.

2. To utter in a mournful manner or voice.

The lovelorn nightingale Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well.

Milton.

Syn. -- See Deplore.

Mourne (mrn), n. [See 2d Morne.] The armed or feruled end of a staff; in a sheephook, the end of the staff to which the hook is attached. Sir P. Sidney.

Mourn"er (mrn"r), n. 1. One who mourns or is grieved at any misfortune, as the death of a friend.

His mourners were two hosts, his friends and foes.

Byron.

2. One who attends a funeral as a hired mourner.

Mourners were provided to attend the funeral.

L'Estrange.

Mourn"ful (?), a. Full of sorrow; expressing, or intended to express, sorrow; mourning; grieving; sad; also, causing sorrow; saddening; grievous; as, a mournful person; mournful looks, tones, loss. -- Mourn"ful*ly, adv. -- Mourn"ful*ness, n.

Syn. -- Sorrowful; lugubrious; sad; doleful; heavy; afflictive; grievous; calamitous.

Mourn"ing, n. [AS. murnung.] 1. The act of sorrowing or expressing grief; lamentation; sorrow.

2. Garb, drapery, or emblems indicative of grief, esp. clothing or a badge of somber black.

The houses to their tops with black were spread, And ev'n the pavements were with mourning hid.

Dryden.

Deep mourning. See under Deep.

Mourn"ing, a. 1. Grieving; sorrowing; lamenting.

2. Employed to express sorrow or grief; worn or used as appropriate to the condition of one bereaved or sorrowing; as, mourning garments; a mourning ring; a mourning pin, and the like.

Mourning bride (Bot.), a garden flower (Scabiosa atropurpurea) with dark purple or crimson flowers in flattened heads. -- Mourning dove (Zoöl.), a wild dove (Zenaidura macroura) found throughout the United States; -- so named from its plaintive note. Called also Carolina dove. See Illust. under Dove. -- Mourning warbler (Zoöl.), an American ground warbler (Geothlypis Philadelphia). The male has the head, neck, and chest, deep ash- gray, mixed with black on the throat and chest; other lower parts are pure yellow.

Mourn"ing*ly, adv. In a mourning manner.

Mour"ni*val (?), n. See Murnival.

Mouse (mous), n.; pl. Mice (ms). [OE. mous, mus, AS. ms, pl. ms; akin to D. muis, G. maus, OHG. & Icel. ms, Dan. muus, Sw. mus, Russ. muishe, L. mus, Gr. my^s, Skr. msh mouse, mush to steal. &radic;277. Cf. Muscle, Musk.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small rodents belonging to the genus Mus and various related genera of the family Muridæ. The common house mouse (Mus musculus) is found in nearly all countries. The American white-footed, or deer, mouse (Hesperomys leucopus) sometimes lives in houses. See Dormouse, Meadow mouse, under Meadow, and Harvest mouse, under Harvest.

2. (Naut.) (a) A knob made on a rope with spun yarn or parceling to prevent a running eye from slipping. (b) Same as 2d Mousing, 2.

3. A familiar term of endearment. Shak.

4. A dark-colored swelling caused by a blow. [Slang]

5. A match used in firing guns or blasting.

Field mouse, Flying mouse, etc. See under Field, Flying, etc. -- Mouse bird (Zoöl.), a coly. -- Mouse deer (Zoöl.), a chevrotain, as the kanchil. -- Mouse galago (Zoöl.), a very small West American galago (Galago murinus). In color and size it resembles a mouse. It has a bushy tail like that of a squirrel. -- Mouse hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A hawk that devours mice. (b) The hawk owl; -- called also mouse owl. -- Mouse lemur (Zoöl.), any one of several species of very small lemurs of the genus Chirogaleus, found in Madagascar. -- Mouse piece (Cookery), the piece of beef cut from the part next below the round or from the lower part of the latter; -- called also mouse buttock.

Mouse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Moused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mousing (?).] 1. To watch for and catch mice.

2. To watch for or pursue anything in a sly manner; to pry about, on the lookout for something.

Mouse, v. t. 1. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse. [Obs.] "[Death] mousing the flesh of men." Shak.

2. (Naut.) To furnish with a mouse; to secure by means of a mousing. See Mouse, n., 2.

Mouse"-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris) and other species of the same genus. (b) A European species of hawkweed (Hieracium Pilosella).

Mouse-ear chickweed, a name of two common species of chickweed (Cerastium vulgarium, and C. viscosum). -- Mouse-ear cress, a low cruciferous herb (Sisymbrium Thaliana). All these are low herbs with soft, oval, or obovate leaves, whence the name.

Mouse"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Frogfish.

Mouse"hole` (?), n. A hole made by a mouse, for passage or abode, as in a wall; hence, a very small hole like that gnawed by a mouse.

Mouse"kin (?), n. A little mouse. Thackeray.

Mous"er (?), n. 1. A cat that catches mice.

2. One who pries about on the lookout for something.

Mouse"tail` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of ranunculaceous plants (Myosurus), in which the prolonged receptacle is covered with imbricating achenes, and so resembles the tail of a mouse.

Mous"ie (?), n. Diminutive for Mouse. Burns.

Mous"ing (?), a. Impertinently inquisitive; prying; meddlesome. "Mousing saints." L'Estrange.

Mous"ing, n. 1. The act of hunting mice.

2. (Naut.) A turn or lashing of spun yarn or small stuff, or a metallic clasp or fastening, uniting the point and shank of a hook to prevent its unhooking or straighening out.

3. A ratchet movement in a loom.

Mousing hook, a hook with an attachment which prevents its unhooking.

Mou"sle (?), v. t. To sport with roughly; to rumple. [Written also mouzle.] [Obs.] Wycherley.

||Mousse`line" (?), n. [F.] Muslin.

||Mousseline de laine (&?;). [F., muslin of wool.] Muslin delaine. See ||under Muslin. -- Mousseline glass, a kind of thin blown glassware, ||such as wineglasses, etc.

Mous`tache" (?), n. [F.] Mustache.

Mous"y (mouz"), a. Infested with mice; smelling of mice.

Mou"tan (?), n. (Bot.) The Chinese tree peony (Pæonia Mountan), a shrub with large flowers of various colors.

Mouth (mouth), n.; pl. Mouths (mouz). [OE. mouth, muþ, AS. mð; akin to D. mond, OS. mð, G. mund, Icel. muðr, munnr, Sw. mun, Dan. mund, Goth. munþs, and possibly L. mentum chin; or cf. D. muil mouth, muzzle, G. maul, OHG. mla, Icel. mli, and Skr. mukha mouth.] 1. The opening through which an animal receives food; the aperture between the jaws or between the lips; also, the cavity, containing the tongue and teeth, between the lips and the pharynx; the buccal cavity.

2. Hence: An opening affording entrance or exit; orifice; aperture; as: (a) The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied, charged or discharged; as, the mouth of a jar or pitcher; the mouth of the lacteal vessels, etc. (b) The opening or entrance of any cavity, as a cave, pit, well, or den. (c) The opening of a piece of ordnance, through which it is discharged. (d) The opening through which the waters of a river or any stream are discharged. (e) The entrance into a harbor.

3. (Saddlery) The crosspiece of a bridle bit, which enters the mouth of an animal.

4. A principal speaker; one who utters the common opinion; a mouthpiece.

Every coffeehouse has some particular statesman belonging to it, who is the mouth of the street where he lives.

Addison.

5. Cry; voice. [Obs.] Dryden.

6. Speech; language; testimony.

That in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established.

Matt. xviii. 16.

7. A wry face; a grimace; a mow.

Counterfeit sad looks, Make mouths upon me when I turn my back.

Shak.

Down in the mouth, chapfallen; of dejected countenance; depressed; discouraged. [Obs. or Colloq.] -- Mouth friend, one who professes friendship insincerely. Shak. -- Mouth glass, a small mirror for inspecting the mouth or teeth. -- Mouth honor, honor given in words, but not felt. Shak. -- Mouth organ. (Mus.) (a) Pan's pipes. See Pandean. (b) An harmonicon. -- Mouth pipe, an organ pipe with a lip or plate to cut the escaping air and make a sound. -- To stop the mouth, to silence or be silent; to put to shame; to confound.

The mouth of them that speak lies shall be stopped.

Ps. lxiii. 11.

Whose mouths must be stopped.

Titus i. 11.

<! p. 950 !>

Mouth (mou), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mouthed (moud); p. pr. & vb. n. Mouthing.] 1. To take into the mouth; to seize or grind with the mouth or teeth; to chew; to devour. Dryden.

2. To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling; to speak in a strained or unnaturally sonorous manner. "Mouthing big phrases." Hare.

Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes.

Tennyson.

3. To form or cleanse with the mouth; to lick, as a bear her cub. Sir T. Browne.

4. To make mouths at. [R.] R. Blair.

Mouth, v. i. 1. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate; to rant.

I'll bellow out for Rome, and for my country, And mouth at Cæsar, till I shake the senate.

Addison.

2. To put mouth to mouth; to kiss. [R.] Shak.

3. To make grimaces, esp. in ridicule or contempt.

Well I know, when I am gone, How she mouths behind my back.

Tennyson.

Mouthed (?), a. 1. Furnished with a mouth.

2. Having a mouth of a particular kind; using the mouth, speech, or voice in a particular way; -- used only in composition; as, wide-mouthed; hard-mouthed; foul- mouthed; mealy-mouthed.

Mouth"er (?), n. One who mouths; an affected speaker.

Mouth"-foot`ed (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the basal joints of the legs converted into jaws.

Mouth"ful (?), n.; pl. Mouthfuls (&?;). 1. As much as is usually put into the mouth at one time.

2. Hence, a small quantity.

Mouth"less, a. [AS. mðleás.] Destitute of a mouth.

Mouth"-made` (?), a. Spoken without sincerity; not heartfelt. "Mouth-made vows." Shak.

Mouth"piece` (?), n. 1. The part of a musical or other instrument to which the mouth is applied in using it; as, the mouthpiece of a bugle, or of a tobacco pipe.

2. An appendage to an inlet or outlet opening of a pipe or vessel, to direct or facilitate the inflow or outflow of a fluid.

3. One who delivers the opinion of others or of another; a spokesman; as, the mouthpiece of his party.

Egmont was imprudent enough to make himself the mouthpiece of their remonstrance.

Motley.

Mov`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Movableness.

Mov"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. movable. See Move.] 1. Capable of being moved, lifted, carried, drawn, turned, or conveyed, or in any way made to change place or posture; susceptible of motion; not fixed or stationary; as, a movable steam engine.

2. Changing from one time to another; as, movable feasts, i. e., church festivals, the date of which varies from year to year.

Movable letter (Heb. Gram.), a letter that is pronounced, as opposed to one that is quiescent.

Mov"a*ble, n.; pl. Movables (&?;). 1. An article of wares or goods; a commodity; a piece of property not fixed, or not a part of real estate; generally, in the plural, goods; wares; furniture.

Furnished with the most rich and princely movables.

Evelyn.

2. (Rom. Law) Property not attached to the soil.

The word is not convertible with personal property, since rents and similar incidents of the soil which are personal property by our law are immovables by the Roman law. Wharton.

Mov"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being movable; mobility; susceptibility of motion.

Mov"a*bly, adv. In a movable manner or condition.

Move (mv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Moved (mvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Moving.] [OE. moven, OF. moveir, F. mouvoir, L. movere; cf. Gr. 'amei`bein to change, exchange, go in or out, quit, Skr. mv, p. p. mta, to move, push. Cf. Emotion, Mew to molt, Mob, Mutable, Mutiny.] 1. To cause to change place or posture in any manner; to set in motion; to carry, convey, draw, or push from one place to another; to impel; to stir; as, the wind moves a vessel; the horse moves a carriage.

2. (Chess, Checkers, etc.) To transfer (a piece or man) from one space or position to another, according to the rules of the game; as, to move a king.

3. To excite to action by the presentation of motives; to rouse by representation, persuasion, or appeal; to influence.

Minds desirous of revenge were not moved with gold.

Knolles.

No female arts his mind could move.

Dryden.

4. To arouse the feelings or passions of; especially, to excite to tenderness or compassion; to touch pathetically; to excite, as an emotion. Shak.

When he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them.

Matt. ix. 36.

[The use of images] in orations and poetry is to move pity or terror.

Felton.

5. To propose; to recommend; specifically, to propose formally for consideration and determination, in a deliberative assembly; to submit, as a resolution to be adopted; as, to move to adjourn.

Let me but move one question to your daughter.

Shak.

They are to be blamed alike who move and who decline war upon particular respects.

Hayward.

6. To apply to, as for aid. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- To stir; agitate; trouble; affect; persuade; influence; actuate; impel; rouse; prompt; instigate; incite; induce; incline; propose; offer.

Move, v. i. 1. To change place or posture; to stir; to go, in any manner, from one place or position to another; as, a ship moves rapidly.

The foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth.

Ps. xviii. 7.

On the green bank I sat and listened long, . . . Nor till her lay was ended could I move.

Dryden.

2. To act; to take action; to stir; to begin to act; as, to move in a matter.

3. To change residence; to remove, as from one house, town, or state, to another.

4. (Chess, Checkers, etc.) To change the place of a piece in accordance with the rules of the game.

Move (?), n. 1. The act of moving; a movement.

2. (Chess, Checkers, etc.) The act of moving one of the pieces, from one position to another, in the progress of the game.

3. An act for the attainment of an object; a step in the execution of a plan or purpose.

To make a move. (a) To take some action. (b) To move a piece, as in a game. -- To be on the move, to bustle or stir about. [Colloq.]

Move`less, a. Motionless; fixed. "Moveless as a tower." Pope.

Move"ment (?), n. [F. mouvement. See Move, and cf. Moment.] 1. The act of moving; change of place or posture; transference, by any means, from one situation to another; natural or appropriate motion; progress; advancement; as, the movement of an army in marching or maneuvering; the movement of a wheel or a machine; the party of movement.

2. Motion of the mind or feelings; emotion.

3. Manner or style of moving; as, a slow, or quick, or sudden, movement.

4. (Mus.) (a) The rhythmical progression, pace, and tempo of a piece. "Any change of time is a change of movement." Busby. (b) One of the several strains or pieces, each complete in itself, with its own time and rhythm, which make up a larger work; as, the several movements of a suite or a symphony.

5. (Mech.) A system of mechanism for transmitting motion of a definite character, or for transforming motion; as, the wheelwork of a watch.

Febrile movement (Med.), an elevation of the body temperature; a fever. -- Movement cure. (Med.) See Kinesiatrics. -- Movement of the bowels, an evacuation or stool; a passage or discharge.

Syn. -- Motion. -- Movement, Motion. Motion expresses a general idea of not being at rest; movement is oftener used to express a definite, regulated motion, esp. a progress.

Mo"vent (?), a. [L. movens, p. pr. of movere. See Move.] Moving. [R.] Grew.

Mo"vent, n. That which moves anything. [R.]

Mov"er (?), n. 1. A person or thing that moves, stirs, or changes place.

2. A person or thing that imparts motion, or causes change of place; a motor.

3. One who, or that which, excites, instigates, or causes movement, change, etc.; as, movers of sedition.

These most poisonous compounds, Which are the movers of a languishing death.

Shak.

4. A proposer; one who offers a proposition, or recommends anything for consideration or adoption; as, the mover of a resolution in a legislative body.

Mov"ing, a. 1. Changing place or posture; causing motion or action; as, a moving car, or power.

2. Exciting movement of the mind; adapted to move the sympathies, passions, or affections; touching; pathetic; as, a moving appeal.

I sang an old moving story.

Coleridge.

Moving force (Mech.), a force that accelerates, retards, or deflects the motion of a body. -- Moving plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Desmodium gyrans); -- so called because its leaflets have a distinct automatic motion.

Mov"ing, n. The act of changing place or posture; esp., the act of changing one's dwelling place or place of business.

Moving day, a day when one moves; esp., a day when a large number of tenants change their dwelling place.

Mov"ing*ly, adv. In a moving manner. Addison.

Mov"ing*ness, n. The power of moving.

Mow (?), n. [Written also moe and mowe.] [F. moue pouting, a wry face; cf. OD. mouwe the protruded lip.] A wry face. "Make mows at him." Shak.

Mow, v. i. To make mouths.

Nodding, becking, and mowing.

Tyndale.

Mow, n. (Zoöl.) Same as Mew, a gull.

Mow, v. [pres. sing. Mow, pl. Mowe, Mowen, Moun.] [AS. magan. See May, v.] May; can. "Thou mow now escapen." [Obs.] Chaucer.

Our walles mowe not make hem resistence.

Chaucer.

Mow (m), v. t. [imp. Mowed (md); p. p. Mowed or Mown (mn); p. pr. & vb. n. Mowing.] [OE. mowen, mawen, AS. mwan; akin to D. maaijen, G. mähen, OHG. mjan, Dan. meie, L. metere to reap, mow, Gr. 'ama^n. Cf. Math, Mead a meadow, Meadow.] 1. To cut down, as grass, with a scythe or machine.

2. To cut the grass from; as, to mow a meadow.

3. To cut down; to cause to fall in rows or masses, as in mowing grass; -- with down; as, a discharge of grapeshot mows down whole ranks of men.

Mow, v. i. To cut grass, etc., with a scythe, or with a machine; to cut grass for hay.

Mow (?), n. [OE. mowe, AS. m&?;ga.] 1. A heap or mass of hay or of sheaves of grain stowed in a barn.

2. The place in a barn where hay or grain in the sheaf is stowed.

Mow (?), v. t. To lay, as hay or sheaves of grain, in a heap or mass in a barn; to pile and stow away.

Mow"burn` (?), v. i. To heat and ferment in the mow, as hay when housed too green.

Mowe (?), v. See 4th Mow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mowe, n. & v. See 1st & 2d Mow. [Obs.]

Mow"er (?), n. One who, or that which, mows; a mowing machine; as, a lawn mower.

Mow"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or the operation of that which, mows.

2. Land from which grass is cut; meadow land.

Mowing machine, an agricultural machine armed with knives or blades for cutting standing grass, etc. It is drawn by a horse or horses, or propelled by steam.

Mown (?), p. p. & a. Cut down by mowing, as grass; deprived of grass by mowing; as, a mown field.

Mow"yer (?), n. A mower. [Obs.]

Mox"a (?), n. [A corruption of Japan. mogusa (pronounced mongsa), an escharotic made from the plant yomigi: cf. F. moxa.] 1. (Med.) A soft woolly mass prepared from the young leaves of Artemisia Chinensis, and used as a cautery by burning it on the skin; hence, any substance used in a like manner, as cotton impregnated with niter, amadou.

2. (Bot.) A plant from which this substance is obtained, esp. Artemisia Chinensis, and A. moxa.

Mox"ie (?), n. [fr. Moxie, a trade name for a beverage.] 1. energy; pep.

2. courage, determination.

3. Know-how, expertise. MW10.

||Moy"a (?), n. Mud poured out from volcanoes during eruptions; -- so ||called in South America.

Moyle (?), n. & v. See Moil, and Moile.

{ Moz"a*rab (?), Moz`a*rab"ic (?) }. Same as Muzarab, Muzarabic.

{ Mo*zet"ta (?), Moz*zet"ta (?), } n. [It. mozzetta: cf. F. mosette. Cf. Amice a hood or cape.] (Eccl.) A cape, with a small hood; -- worn by the pope and other dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church.

Mr.. (&?;). The customary abbreviation of Mister in writing and printing. See Master, 4.

Mrs. (&?;). The customary abbreviation of Mistress when used as a title of courtesy, in writing and printing.

Mu*cam"ide (?), n. [Mucic + amide.] (Chem.) The acid amide of mucic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Mu"cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of mucic acid.

Muce (?), n. See Muse, and Muset.

Mu*ce"din (?), n. [From Mucus.] (Bot. Chem.) A yellowish white, amorphous, nitrogenous substance found in wheat, rye, etc., and resembling gluten; -- formerly called also mucin.

Much (mch), a. [Compar. & superl. wanting, but supplied by More (mr), and Most (mst), from another root.] [OE. moche, muche, miche, prob. the same as mochel, muchel, michel, mikel, fr. AS. micel, mycel; cf. Gr. me`gas, fem. mega`lh, great, and Icel. mjök, adv., much. &radic;103. See Mickle.] 1. Great in quantity; long in duration; as, much rain has fallen; much time.

Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather but little in.

Deut. xxviii. 38.

2. Many in number. [Archaic]

Edom came out against him with much people.

Num. xx. 20.

3. High in rank or position. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Much, n. 1. A great quantity; a great deal; also, an indefinite quantity; as, you have as much as I.

He that gathered much had nothing over.

Ex. xvi. 18.

Muchin this sense can be regarded as an adjective qualifying a word unexpressed, and may, therefore, be modified by as, so, too, very.

2. A thing uncommon, wonderful, or noticeable; something considerable.

And [he] thought not much to clothe his enemies.

Milton.

To make much of, to treat as something of especial value or worth.

Much, adv. [Cf. Icel. mjök. See Much, a.] To a great degree or extent; greatly; abundantly; far; nearly. "Much suffering heroes." Pope.

Thou art much mightier than we.

Gen. xxvi. 16.

Excellent speech becometh not a fool, much less do lying lips a prince.

Prov. xvii. 7.

Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong Life much.

Milton.

All left the world much as they found it.

Sir W. Temple.

Much"el (?), a. [&radic;103. See Mickle.] Much. [Obs.]

Much"ness, n. Greatness; extent. [Obs. or Colloq.]

The quantity and muchness of time which it filcheth.

W. Whately.

Much of a muchness, much the same. [Colloq.] "Men's men; gentle or simple, they're much of a muchness." G. Eliot.

Much"what` (?), adv. Nearly; almost; much. [Obs.] "Muchwhat after the same manner." Glanvill.

Mu"cic (?), a. [L. mucus mucus: cf. F. mucique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, gums and micilaginous substances; specif., denoting an acid obtained by the oxidation of gums, dulcite, etc., as a white crystalline substance isomeric with saccharic acid.

Mu"cid (?), a. [L. mucidus, fr. L. mucus mucus. See Mucus, and cf. Moist.] Musty; moldy; slimy; mucous. -- Mu"cid*ness, n.

Mu*cif"ic (?), a. [Mucus + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] 1. (Med.) Inducing or stimulating the secretion of mucus; blennogenous.

2. (Physiol.) Secreting mucus.

Mu"ci*form (?), a. [Mucus + - form.] (Physiol.) Resembling mucus; having the character or appearance of mucus.

Mu"ci*gen (?), n. [Mucin + - gen.] (Physiol.) A substance which is formed in mucous epithelial cells, and gives rise to mucin.

Mu*cig"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol.) Connected with the formation of mucin; resembling mucin.

The mucigenous basis is manufactured at the expense of the ordinary protoplasm of the cell.

Foster.

Mu"ci*lage (?), n. [F., from L. mucilago a musty juice, fr. mucus mucus, slime. See Mucus.] 1. (Bot. Chem.) A gummy or gelatinous substance produced in certain plants by the action of water on the cell wall, as in the seeds of quinces, of flax, etc.

2. An aqueous solution of gum, or of substances allied to it; as, medicinal mucilage; mucilage for fastening envelopes.

Mu`ci*lag"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. mucilagineux. See Mucilage.] 1. Partaking of the nature of, or resembling, mucilage; moist, soft, and viscid; slimy; ropy; as, a mucilaginous liquid.

2. Of, pertaining to, or secreting, mucilage; as, the mucilaginous glands.

3. Soluble in water, but not in alcohol; yielding mucilage; as, mucilaginous gums or plants. -- Mu`ci*lag"i*nous*ness, n.

<! p. 951 !>

Mu"cin (m"sn), n. [From Mucus.] 1. (Bot. Chem.) See Mucedin. [Obs.]

2. (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminoid substance which is contained in mucus, and gives to the latter secretion its peculiar ropy character. It is found in all the secretions from mucous glands, and also between the fibers of connective tissue, as in tendons. See Illust. of Demilune.

Mu*cin"o*gen (m*sn"*jn), n. [Mucin + -gen.] (Physiol.) Same as Mucigen.

Mu*cip"a*rous (m*s"p*rs), a. [Mucus + L. parere to produce.] (Physiol.) Secreting, or producing, mucus or mucin.

Mu"ci*vore (m"s*vr), n. [L. mucus slime, mucus + vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.) An insect which feeds on mucus, or the sap of plants, as certain Diptera, of the tribe Mucivora.

Muck (mk), abbreviation of Amuck.

To run a muck. See Amuck.

Muck, n. [Icel. myki; akin to D. mög. Cf. Midden.] 1. Dung in a moist state; manure. Bacon.

2. Vegetable mold mixed with earth, as found in low, damp places and swamps.

3. Anything filthy or vile. Spenser.

4. Money; -- in contempt.

The fatal muck we quarreled for.

Beau. & Fl.

Muck bar, bar iron which has been through the rolls only once. -- Muck iron, crude puddled iron ready for the squeezer or rollers. Knight.

Muck, a. Like muck; mucky; also, used in collecting or distributing muck; as, a muck fork.

Muck, v. t. To manure with muck.

Muck"en*der (?), n. [Sp. mocador. Cf. Mokadour.] A handkerchief. [Obs.] [Written also muckinder, muckiter, mockadour.]

Muck"er (?), n. A term of reproach for a low or vulgar labor person. [Slang]

Muck"er, v. t. To scrape together, as money, by mean labor or shifts. [Obs.] Udall.

Muck"er*er (?), n. A miser; a niggard. [Obs.]

Muck"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being mucky.

Muc"kle (?), a. [See Mickle.] Much. [Obs.]

Muck"mid`den (?), n. A dunghill. [Scot.]

Muck"sy (?), a. Somewhat mucky; soft, sticky, and dirty; muxy. [Prov. Eng.] R. D. Blackmore.

Muck"worm` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) A larva or grub that lives in muck or manure; -- applied to the larvæ of the tumbledung and allied beetles.

2. One who scrapes together money by mean labor and devices; a miser. "Misers are muckworms." Pope.

Muck"y (?), a. 1. Filthy with muck; miry; as, a mucky road. "Mucky filth." Spenser.

2. Vile, in a moral sense; sordid. [Obs.] Spenser.

Mucky money and false felicity.

Latimer.

Mu"co*cele (?), n. [Mucus + Gr. kh`lh tumor.] (Med.) An enlargement or protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachrymal passages, or dropsy of the lachrymal sac, dependent upon catarrhal inflammation of the latter. Dunglison.

Mu"coid (?), a. [Mucus + - oid.] Resembling mucus. Dunglison.

Mucoid degeneration, a form of degeneration in which the tissues are transformed into a semisolid substance resembling mucus. Quain.

Mu"co*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of muconic acid.

Mu*con"ic (?), a. [Mucic + itaconic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid, obtained indirectly from mucic acid, and somewhat resembling itaconic acid.

Mu`co*pu"ru*lent (?), a. [Mucus + purulent.] (Med.) Having the character or appearance of both mucus and pus. Dunglison.

||Mu"cor (?), n. [L., fr. mucere to be moldy or musty.] (Bot.) A genus ||of minute fungi. The plants consist of slender threads with terminal ||globular sporangia; mold.

Mu*cos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being mucous or slimy; mucousness.

Mu"cous (?), a. [L. mucosus, fr. mucus mucus.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, mucus; slimy, ropy, or stringy, and lubricous; as, a mucous substance.

2. Secreting a slimy or mucigenous substance; as, the mucous membrane.

Mucous membrane. (Anat.) See under Membrane. -- Mucous patches (Med.), elevated patches found in the mucous membranes of the mouth and anus, usually due to syphilis. -- Mucous tissue (Anat.), a form of connective tissue in an early stage of development, found in the umbilical cord and in the embryo, and also in certain tumors called myxomata.

Mu"cous*ness, n. The quality or state of being mucous; sliminess.

||Mu"cro (?), n. [L.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) A minute abrupt point, as of a ||leaf; any small, sharp point or process, terminating a larger part or ||organ.

{ Mu"cro*nate (?), Mu"cro*na`ted (?), } a. [L. mucronatus, fr. mucro a sharp point: cf. F. mucroné.] Ending abruptly in a sharp point; abruptly tipped with a short and sharp point; as, a mucronate leaf. -- Mu"cro*nate*ly, adv.

Mu*cron"u*late (?), a. Having, or tipped with, a small point or points.

Mu"cu*lent (?), a. [L. muculentus, fr. mucus.] Slimy; moist, and moderately viscous.

Mu"cus (m"ks), n. [L. mucus, muccus; cf. mucere to be moldy or musty, Gr. my`xa mucus, and Skr. muc to release. Cf. Match for striking fire, Moist, Mucilage.] 1. (Physiol.) A viscid fluid secreted by mucous membranes, which it serves to moisten and protect. It covers the lining membranes of all the cavities which open externally, such as those of the mouth, nose, lungs, intestinal canal, urinary passages, etc.

2. (Physiol.) Any other animal fluid of a viscid quality, as the synovial fluid, which lubricates the cavities of the joints; -- improperly so used.

3. (Bot.) A gelatinous or slimy substance found in certain algæ and other plants.

Mu"cus*in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Mucin. [R.]

Mud (?), n. [Akin to LG. mudde, D. modder, G. moder mold, OSw. modd mud, Sw. modder mother, Dan. mudder mud. Cf. Mother a scum on liquors.] Earth and water mixed so as to be soft and adhesive.

Mud bass (Zoöl.), a fresh-water fish (Acantharchum pomotis) of the Eastern United States. It produces a deep grunting note. -- Mud bath, an immersion of the body, or some part of it, in mud charged with medicinal agents, as a remedy for disease. -- Mud boat, a large flatboat used in dredging. -- Mud cat. See Catfish. -- Mud crab (Zoöl.), any one of several American marine crabs of the genus Panopeus. -- Mud dab (Zoöl.), the winter flounder. See Flounder, and Dab. -- Mud dauber (Zoöl.), a mud wasp. -- Mud devil (Zoöl.), the fellbender. -- Mud drum (Steam Boilers), a drum beneath a boiler, into which sediment and mud in the water can settle for removal. -- Mud eel (Zoöl.), a long, slender, aquatic amphibian (Siren lacertina), found in the Southern United States. It has persistent external gills and only the anterior pair of legs. See Siren. -- Mud frog (Zoöl.), a European frog (Pelobates fuscus). -- Mud hen. (Zoöl.) (a) The American coot (Fulica Americana). (b) The clapper rail. - - Mud lark, a person who cleans sewers, or delves in mud. [Slang] -- Mud minnow (Zoöl.), any small American fresh-water fish of the genus Umbra, as U. limi. The genus is allied to the pickerels. -- Mud plug, a plug for stopping the mudhole of a boiler. -- Mud puppy (Zoöl.), the menobranchus. -- Mud scow, a heavy scow, used in dredging; a mud boat. [U.S.] -- Mud turtle, Mud tortoise (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of fresh-water tortoises of the United States. -- Mud wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to Pepæus, and allied genera, which construct groups of mud cells, attached, side by side, to stones or to the woodwork of buildings, etc. The female places an egg in each cell, together with spiders or other insects, paralyzed by a sting, to serve as food for the larva. Called also mud dauber.

Mud, v. t. 1. To bury in mud. [R.] Shak.

2. To make muddy or turbid. Shak.

||Mu"dar (?), n. [Hind. madr.] (Bot.) Either one of two asclepiadaceous ||shrubs (Calotropis gigantea, and C. procera), which furnish a strong ||and valuable fiber. The acrid milky juice is used medicinally.

Mu"da*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A brown, amorphous, bitter substance having a strong emetic action, extracted from the root of the mudar.

Mud"di*ly (?), adv. In a muddy manner; turbidly; without mixture; cloudily; obscurely; confusedly.

Mud"di*ness, n. 1. The condition or quality of being muddy; turbidness; foulness caused by mud, dirt, or sediment; as, the muddiness of a stream.

2. Obscurity or confusion, as in treatment of a subject; intellectual dullness.

Mud"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muddling (?).] [From Mud.] 1. To make turbid, or muddy, as water. [Obs.]

He did ill to muddle the water.

L'Estrange.

2. To cloud or stupefy; to render stupid with liquor; to intoxicate partially.

Epicurus seems to have had brains so muddled and confounded, that he scarce ever kept in the right way.

Bentley.

Often drunk, always muddled.

Arbuthnot.

3. To waste or misuse, as one does who is stupid or intoxicated. [R.]

They muddle it [money] away without method or object, and without having anything to show for it.

Hazlitt.

4. To mix confusedly; to confuse; to make a mess of; as, to muddle matters; also, to perplex; to mystify. F. W. Newman.

Mud"dle, v. i. 1. To dabble in mud. [Obs.] Swift.

2. To think and act in a confused, aimless way.

Mud"dle, n. A state of being turbid or confused; hence, intellectual cloudiness or dullness.

We both grub on in a muddle.

Dickens.

Mud"dle*head` (?), n. A stupid person. [Colloq.] C. Reade. -- Mud"dle-head`ed, a. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Mud"dler (?), n. One who, or that which, muddles.

Mud"dy (?), a. [Compar. Muddier (?); superl. Muddiest.] 1. Abounding in mud; besmeared or dashed with mud; as, a muddy road or path; muddy boots.

2. Turbid with mud; as, muddy water.

3. Consisting of mud or earth; gross; impure.

This muddy vesture of decay.

Shak.

4. Confused, as if turbid with mud; cloudy in mind; dull; stupid; also, immethodical; incoherent; vague.

Cold hearts and muddy understandings.

Burke.

Dost think I am so muddy, so unsettled.

Shak.

5. Not clear or bright. Swift.

Mud"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muddied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muddying (?).] 1. To soil with mud; to dirty; to render turbid.

2. Fig.: To cloud; to make dull or heavy. Grew.

Mud"dy-head`ed (?), a. Dull; stupid.

Mud"dy-met`tled (?), a. Dull- spirited. Shak.

Mud"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The European loach. (b) The bowfin. (c) The South American lipedosiren, and the allied African species (Protopterus annectens). See Lipedosiren. (d) The mud minnow.

Mud"hole` (?), n. 1. A hole, or hollow place, containing mud, as in a road.

2. (Steam Boilers) A hole near the bottom, through which the sediment is withdrawn.

Mu"dir (?), n. Same as Moodir.

Mud"sill` (?), n. The lowest sill of a structure, usually embedded in the soil; the lowest timber of a house; also, that sill or timber of a bridge which is laid at the bottom of the water. See Sill.

Mud"suck`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) A woodcock.

Mud"wall` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European bee-eater. See Bee-eater. [Written also modwall.]

Mud"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A small herbaceous plant growing on muddy shores (Limosella aquatica).

Mue (m), v. i. To mew; to molt. [Obs.] Quarles.

Mu*ez"zin (m*z"zn), n. [Ar.] A Mohammedan crier of the hour of prayer. [Written also mouezzin, mueddin, and muwazzin.]

Muff (mf), n. [Cf. LG. muff, D. mof, G., Dan., & Sw. muff, F. moufle mitten, LL. muffula, MHG. mouwe sleeve, D. mouw, and E. muffle, v.] 1. A soft cover of cylindrical form, usually of fur, worn by women to shield the hands from cold.

2. (Mech.) A short hollow cylinder surrounding an object, as a pipe.

3. (Glass Manuf.) A blown cylinder of glass which is afterward flattened out to make a sheet.

4. [Perhaps a different word; cf. Prov. E. maffle to slammer.] A stupid fellow; a poor-spirited person. [Colloq.] "A muff of a curate." Thackeray.

5. [See 4.] (Baseball) A failure to hold a ball when once in the hands.

6. (Zoöl.) The whitethroat. [Prov. Eng.]

Muff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muffing.] To handle awkwardly; to fumble; to fail to hold, as a ball, in catching it.

Muf`fe*tee" (?), n. A small muff worn over the wrist. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Muf"fin (?), n. [From Muff.] A light, spongy, cylindrical cake, used for breakfast and tea.

Muf`fin*eer" (?), n. A dish for keeping muffins hot.

Muff"ish (?), a. [See Muff, 4 & 5.] Stupid; awkward. [Colloq.]

Muf"fle (mf"f'l), n. The bare end of the nose between the nostrils; -- used esp. of ruminants.

Muf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muffling (?).] [Cf. F. moufle a mitten, LL. muffula, OD. moffel a muff. See Muff.] 1. To wrap up in something that conceals or protects; to wrap, as the face and neck, in thick and disguising folds; hence, to conceal or cover the face of; to envelop; to inclose; -- often with up. South.

The face lies muffled up within the garment.

Addison.

He muffled with a cloud his mournful eyes.

Dryden.

Muffled up in darkness and superstition.

Arbuthnot.

2. To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen.

3. To wrap with something that dulls or deadens the sound of; as, to muffle the strings of a drum, or that part of an oar which rests in the rowlock.

Muf"fle, v. i. [Cf. F. maffle, mumble, D. moffelen.] To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation.

Muf"fle, n. [F. moufle, prop., a mitten, from the resemblance in shape. See Muffle, v. t., Muff.] 1. Anything with which another thing, as an oar or drum, is muffled; also, a boxing glove; a muff.

2. (Metal.) An earthenware compartment or oven, often shaped like a half cylinder, used in furnaces to protect objects heated from the direct action of the fire, as in scorification of ores, cupellation of ore buttons, etc.

3. (Ceramics) A small oven for baking and fixing the colors of painted or printed pottery, without exposing the pottery to the flames of the furnace or kiln.

4. A pulley block containing several sheaves. Knight.

Muf"fler (?), n. 1. Anything used in muffling; esp., a scarf for protecting the head and neck in cold weather; a tippet.

Fortune is painted blind, with a muffler above her eyes.

Shak.

2. (Mus.) A cushion for terminating or softening a note made by a stringed instrument with a keyboard.

3. A kind of mitten or boxing glove, esp. when stuffed.

4. One who muffles.

Muf"lon (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Mouflon.

Muf"ti (?), n.; pl. Muftis (#). [Ar. mufti.] An official expounder of Mohammedan law.

Muf"ti, n. Citizen's dress when worn by a naval or military officer; -- a term derived from the British service in India. [Colloq. Eng.]

Mug (?), n. [Cf. Ir. mugam a mug, mucog a cup.] 1. A kind of earthen or metal drinking cup, with a handle, -- usually cylindrical and without a lip.

2. The face or mouth. [Slang] Thackeray.

Mug"gard (?), a. [Cf. G. mucker a sulky person, muckish sullen, peevish, mucken to mutter, grumble.] Sullen; displeased. [Obs.]

Mug"get (?), n. The small entrails of a calf or a hog.

Mug"gi*ness (?), n. The condition or quality of being muggy.

Mug"gish (?), a. See Muggy.

Mug`gle*to"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of an extinct sect, named after Ludovic Muggleton, an English journeyman tailor, who (about 1657) claimed to be inspired. Eadie.

Mug"gy (mg"g), a. [Compar. Muggier (-g*r); superl. Muggiest.] [Cf. Icel. mugga mist, mugginess. Cf. 4th Mold.] 1. Moist; damp; moldy; as, muggy straw.

2. Warm, damp, and close; as, muggy air, weather.

<! p. 952 !>

Mug"house` (mg"hous`), n. An alehouse; a pothouse. Tickel.

Mu"gi*en*cy (?), n. A bellowing. [Obs.]

Mu"gi*ent (?), a. [L. mugiens, p. pr. of mugire to bellow.] Lowing; bellowing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

||Mu"gil (?), n. [L., a sort of fish.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fishes ||including the gray mullets. See Mullet.

Mu"gi*loid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Mugil, or family Mugilidæ.

Mug"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A slender European weed (Galium Cruciata); -- called also crossweed.

Mug"wort` (?), n. [AS. mucgwyrt. Cf. Midge.] (Bot.) A somewhat aromatic composite weed (Artemisia vulgaris), at one time used medicinally; -- called also motherwort.

Mug"wump` (?), n. [Cf. Algonquin mugquomp a chief.] A bolter from the Republican party in the national election of 1884; an Independent. [Political Cant, U.S.]

{ Mug"wump`er*y (?), Mug"wump*ism (?), } n. The acts and views of the mugwumps. [Political Cant, U.S.]

{ Mu*ham"mad*an (?), Mu*ham"med*an (?), } a. & n. Mohammedan.

Mu*ham"mad*an*ism (?), n. Mohammedanism.

||Mu*la"da (?), n. A moor. [Scot.] Lockhart.

||Mu*la"da (?), n. [Sp. Amer., fr. Sp. mulo, mula, a mule.] A drove of ||mules. [Southwest. U.S.]

Mu*lat"to (?), n.; pl. Mulattoes (#). [Sp. & Pg. mulato, masc., mulata, fem., of a mixed breed, fr. mulo mule, L. mulus. See Mule.] The offspring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman by a negro, -- usually of a brownish yellow complexion.

Mu*lat"tress, n. A female mulatto. G. W. Gable.

Mul"ber*ry (?), n.; pl. Mulberries (#). [OE. moolbery, murberie, AS. murberie, where the first part is fr. L. morum mulberry; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;. Cf. Murrey, Sycamore.] 1. (Bot.) The berry or fruit of any tree of the genus Morus; also, the tree itself. See Morus.

2. A dark pure color, like the hue of a black mulberry.

Mulberry mass. (Biol.) See Morula. -- Paper mulberry, a tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), related to the true mulberry, used in Polynesia for making tapa cloth by macerating and pounding the inner bark, and in China and Japan for the manufacture of paper. It is seen as a shade tree in America.

Mul"ber*ry-faced` (-fst`), a. Having a face of a mulberry color, or blotched as if with mulberry stains.

Mulch (?), n. [Cf. mull dirt, also Prov. G. mulsch, molsch, rotten, soft, mellow, as fruit.] Half-rotten straw, or any like substance strewn on the ground, as over the roots of plants, to protect from heat, drought, etc., and to preserve moisture.

Mulch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mulched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mulching.] To cover or dress with mulch.

Mulct (?), n. [L. mulcta, multa.] 1. A fine or penalty, esp. a pecuniary punishment or penalty.

2. A blemish or defect. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Amercement; forfeit; forfeiture; penalty.

Mulct, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mulcted; p. pr. & vb. n. Mulcting.] [L. mulctare, multare.] 1. To punish for an offense or misdemeanor by imposing a fine or forfeiture, esp. a pecuniary fine; to fine.

2. Hence, to deprive of; to withhold by way of punishment or discipline. [Obs.]

{ Mulc"ta*ry (?), Mulc"tu*a*ry (?), } a. Imposing a pecuniary penalty; consisting of, or paid as, a fine.

Fines, or some known mulctuary punishments.

Sir W. Temple.

Mule (ml), n. [F., a she-mule, L. mula, fem. of mulus; cf. Gr. my`klos, mychlo`s. Cf. AS. ml, fr. L. mulus. Cf. Mulatto.] 1. (Zoöl.) A hybrid animal; specifically, one generated between an ass and a mare, sometimes a horse and a she-ass. See Hinny.

Mules are much used as draught animals. They are hardy, and proverbial for stubbornness.

2. (Bot.) A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one species with the pollen or fecundating dust of another; -- called also hybrid.

3. A very stubborn person.

4. A machine, used in factories, for spinning cotton, wool, etc., into yarn or thread and winding it into cops; -- called also jenny and mule-jenny.

Mule armadillo (Zoöl.), a long- eared armadillo (Tatusia hybrida), native of Buenos Aires; -- called also mulita. See Illust. under Armadillo. -- Mule deer (Zoöl.), a large deer (Cervus, or Cariacus, macrotis) of the Western United States. The name refers to its long ears. -- Mule pulley (Mach.), an idle pulley for guiding a belt which transmits motion between shafts that are not parallel. -- Mule twist, cotton yarn in cops, as spun on a mule; -- in distinction from yarn spun on a throstle frame.

Mule"-jen`ny (?), n. See Mule, 4.

Mu`le*teer" (?), n. [F. muletier, fr. mulet a mule, dim. fr. L. mulus.] One who drives mules.

Mule"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A fern of the genus Hemionitis.

Mu"ley (?), n. (Sawmills) A stiff, long saw, guided at the ends but not stretched in a gate.

Muley axle (Railroad), a car axle without collars at the outer ends of the journals. Forney.

Mul"ey (?), n. See Mulley.

Mu`li*eb"ri*ty (m`l*b"r*t), n. [L. muliebritas, fr. muliebris belonging to a woman, fr. mulier a woman.] 1. The state of being a woman or of possessing full womanly powers; womanhood; -- correlate of virility.

2. Hence: Effeminancy; softness.

||Mu"li*er (?), n. [L., a woman.] 1. A woman.

2. (Law) (a) Lawful issue born in wedlock, in distinction from an elder brother born of the same parents before their marriage; a lawful son. (b) (Civ. Law) A woman; a wife; a mother. Blount. Cowell.

Mu"li*er*ly, adv. In the manner or condition of a mulier; in wedlock; legitimately. [Obs.]

Mu"li*er*ose` (?), a. [L. mulierosus.] Fond of woman. [R.] Charles Reade.

Mu`li*er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. mulierositas.] A fondness for women. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Mu"li*er*ty (?), n. (Law) Condition of being a mulier; position of one born in lawful wedlock.

Mul"ish (ml"sh), a. Like a mule; sullen; stubborn. -- Mul"ish*ly, adv. -- Mul"ish*ness, n.

Mull (ml), n. [Perh. contr. fr. mossul. See Muslin.] A thin, soft kind of muslin.

Mull, n. [Icel. mli a snout, muzzle, projecting crag; or cf. Ir. & Gael. meall a heap of earth, a mound, a hill or eminence, W. moel. Cf. Mouth.] 1. A promontory; as, the Mull of Cantyre. [Scot.]

2. A snuffbox made of the small end of a horn.

Mull, n. [Prob. akin to mold. &radic;108. See Mold.] Dirt; rubbish. [Obs.] Gower.

Mull, v. t. [OE. mullen. See 2d Muller.] To powder; to pulverize. [Prov. Eng.]

Mull, v. i. To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate; -- usually with over; as, to mull over a thought or a problem. [Colloq. U.S.]

Mull, n. An inferior kind of madder prepared from the smaller roots or the peelings and refuse of the larger.

Mull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mulled (mld); p. pr. & vb. n. Mulling.] [From mulled, for mold, taken as a p. p.; OE. mold-ale funeral ale or banquet. See Mold soil.] 1. To heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices; as, to mull wine.

New cider, mulled with ginger warm.

Gay.

2. To dispirit or deaden; to dull or blunt. Shak.

||Mul"la (?), n. Same as Mollah.

Mul`la*ga*taw"ny (?), n. [Tamil milagu-tannr pepper water.] An East Indian curry soup.

Mul"lah (?), n. See Mollah.

Mul"lar (?), n. A die, cut in intaglio, for stamping an ornament in relief, as upon metal.

Mul"lein (?), n. [OE. moleyn, AS. molegn.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Verbascum. They are tall herbs having coarse leaves, and large flowers in dense spikes. The common species, with densely woolly leaves, is Verbascum Thapsus.

Moth mullein. See under Moth. -- Mullein foxglove, an American herb (Seymeria macrophylla) with coarse leaves and yellow tubular flowers with a spreading border. -- Petty mullein, the cowslip. Dr. Prior.

Mul"len (?), n. (Bot.) See Mullein.

Mull"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, mulls.

2. A vessel in which wine, etc., is mulled over a fire.

Mull"er, n. [OE. mullen to pulverize, bruise; cf. Icel. mylja; prob. akin to E. mold soil. See Mold soil, and cf. Mull dirt.] A stone or thick lump of glass, or kind of pestle, flat at the bottom, used for grinding pigments or drugs, etc., upon a slab of similar material.

Mül*le"ri*an (?), a. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Johannes Müller.

Müllerian ducts (Anat.), a pair of embryonic ducts which give rise to the genital passages in the female, but disappear in the male. -- Müllerian fibers (Anat.), the sustentacular or connective- tissue fibers which form the framework of the retina.

Mul"let (?), n. [OE. molet, mulet, F. mulet, fr. L. mullus.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous fishes of the genus Mugil; -- called also gray mullets. They are found on the coasts of both continents, and are highly esteemed as food. Among the most valuable species are Mugil capito of Europe, and M. cephalus which occurs both on the European and American coasts.

2. (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Mullus, or family Mullidæ; called also red mullet, and surmullet, esp. the plain surmullet (Mullus barbatus), and the striped surmullet (M. surmulletus) of Southern Europe. The former is the mullet of the Romans. It is noted for the brilliancy of its colors. See Surmullet.

French mullet. See Ladyfish (a).

Mul"let, n. [F. molette.] (Her.) A star, usually five pointed and pierced; -- when used as a difference it indicates the third son.

Mul"let, n. [Cf. F. molet a sort of pinchers.] Small pinchers for curling the hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

{ Mul"ley (?), Mool"ley }, n. [CF. Gael. maolag a hornless cow, maol bald, hornless, blunt.] 1. A mulley or polled animal. [U. S.]

2. A cow. [Prov. Eng.; U.S., a child's word.]

Leave milking and dry up old mulley, thy cow.

Tusser.

{ Mul"ley (?), Mool"ley }, a. Destitute of horns, although belonging to a species of animals most of which have horns; hornless; polled; as, mulley cattle; a mulley (or moolley) cow. [U. S.] [Written also muley.]

Mul`li*ga*taw"ny (?), n. See Mullagatawny.

Mul"li*grubs (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. mull to squeeze, pull about, mulling numb or dull.] 1. A griping of the intestines; colic. [Slang]

Whose dog lies sick of the mulligrubs?

Beau. & Fl.

2. Hence, sullenness; the sulks. [Slang]

Mul"lin*gong (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Duck mole, under Duck. [Written also mollingong.]

Mul"lion (?), n. [A corruption of munnion, F. moignon stump of an amputated limb, stump, OF. moing mutilated; cf. Armor. moñ, mouñ, mank, monk, and also L. mancus maimed.] (Arch.) (a) A slender bar or pier which forms the division between the lights of windows, screens, etc. (b) An upright member of a framing. See Stile.

Mul"lion, v. t. To furnish with mullions; to divide by mullions.

Mul"lock (?), n. [From Mull dirt: cf. Scot. mulloch, mulock, crumb. &radic;108.] Rubbish; refuse; dirt. [Obs.]

All this mullok [was] in a sieve ythrowe.

Chaucer.

Mul"loid (ml"loid), a. [NL. Mullus, generic name (fr. L. mullus surmullet) + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Mullus, which includes the surmullet, or red mullet.

Mul"mul (?), n. A fine, soft muslin; mull.

Mulse (mls), n. [L. mulsum (sc. vinum), fr. mulsus mixed with honey, honey-sweet, p. p. of mulcere to sweeten, soften.] Wine boiled and mingled with honey.

Mult-. See Multi-.

Mul*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [L. multangulus; multus much, many + angulus angle: cf. F. multangulaire.] Having many angles. -- Mul*tan"gu*lar*ly, adv. -- Mul*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.

Mul*tan"i*mous (?), a. [Mult- + L. animus mind.] Many-minded; many-sided.

The multanimous nature of the poet.

J. R. Lowell.

Mul`tar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Mult- + articulate.] Having many articulations or joints.

Mul*te"i*ty (?), n. [L. multus much, many.] Multiplicity. [R.] Coleridge.

{ Mul"ti- (?), Mult- (?) }. [L. multus much.] A prefix signifying much or many; several; more than one; as, multiaxial, multocular.

Mul`ti*ax"i*al (?), a. [Multi- + axial.] (Biol.) Having more than one axis; developing in more than a single line or plain; -- opposed to monoaxial.

Mul`ti*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Multi- + capsular: cf. F. multicapsulaire.] (Bot.) Having many, or several, capsules.

Mul`ti*car"i*nate (?), a. [Multi- + carinate.] (Zoöl.) Many- keeled.

Mul`ti*ca"vous (?), a. [L. multicavus; multus much, many + cavum, cavus, a cavity, hole, fr. cavus hollow.] Having many cavities.

Mul`ti*cel"lu*lar (?), a. Consisting of, or having, many cells or more than one cell.

Mul`ti*cen"tral (?), a. [Multi- + central.] Having many, or several, centers; as, a multicentral cell.

Multicentral development (Biol.), growth, or development, from several centers. According as the insubordination to a single center is more or less pronounced, the resultant organism will be more or less irregular in form and may even become discontinuous.

Mul`ti*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Multi- + L. caput head.] (Bot.) Having many heads or many stems from one crown or root. Gray.

Mul"ti*col`or (?), a. [See Multi- , and Color.] Having many, or several, colors.

Mul`ti*cos"tate (?), a. [Multi- + costate.] Having numerous ribs, or costæ, as the leaf of a plant, or as certain shells and corals.

Mul`ti*cus"pid (?), a. [See Multi- , and Cuspid.] Multicuspidate; -- said of teeth.

Mul`ti*cus"pi*date (?), a. [Multi- + cuspidate.] Having many cusps or points.

Mul`ti*den"tate (?), a. [Multi- + dentate.] Having many teeth, or toothlike processes.

Mul`ti*dig"i*tate (?), a. [Multi- + digitate.] Having many fingers, or fingerlike processes.

Mul"ti*faced` (?), a. [Multi- + face.] Having many faces.

Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. multifarius; multus much, many. Cf. Bifarious.] 1. Having multiplicity; having great diversity or variety; of various kinds; diversified; made up of many differing parts; manifold.

There is a multifarious artifice in the structure of the meanest animal.

Dr. H. More.

2. (Bot.) Having parts, as leaves, arranged in many vertical rows.

Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv. With great multiplicity and diversity; with variety of modes and relations.

Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous*ness, n. 1. Multiplied diversity.

2. (Law) The fault of improperly uniting in one bill distinct and independent matters, and thereby confounding them. Burrill.

Mul*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. multifer; multus much, many + ferre to bear.] Bearing or producing much or many. [R.]

Mul"ti*fid (?), a. [L. multifidus; multus much, many + findere to split: cf. F. multifide.] (Bot.) Having many segments; cleft into several parts by linear sinuses; as, a multifid leaf or corolla.

Mul`ti*flo"rous (?), a. [L. multiflorus; multus much, many + flos, floris, flower: cf. F. multiflore.] (Bot.) Having many flowers.

<! p. 953 !>

Mul"ti*flue (ml"t*fl), a. [Multi- + flue.] Having many flues; as, a multiflue boiler. See Boiler.

Mul"ti*foil (?), n. [Multi- + foil.] (Arch.) An ornamental foliation consisting of more than five divisions or foils. [R.] See Foil.

Mul"ti*foil, a. Having more than five divisions or foils.

Mul"ti*fold (?), a. [Multi- + fold.] Many times doubled; manifold; numerous.

Mul"ti*form (?), a. [L. multiformis; multus much, many + forma shape: cf. F. multiforme.] Having many forms, shapes, or appearances.

A plastic and multiform unit.

Hare.

Mul`ti*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. multiformitas.] The quality of being multiform; diversity of forms; variety of appearances in the same thing. Purchas.

Mul`ti*form"ous (?), a. Multiform. [Obs.]

Mul`ti*gen"er*ous (?), a. [L. multigenerus; multus + genus, generis, kind.] Having many kinds.

Mul`ti*gran"u*late (?), a. [Multi- + granulate.] Having, or consisting of, many grains.

Mul*tij"u*gate (?), a. Having many pairs of leaflets.

Mul*tij"u*gous (?), a. [L. multijugus; multus + jugum yoke.] 1. Consisting of many parts.

2. (Bot.) Same as Multijugate.

Mul`ti*lat"er*al (?), a. [Multi- + lateral.] Having many sides; many-sided.

Mul`ti*lin"e*al (?), a. [Multi- + lineal.] Having many lines. Steevens.

Mul`ti*lo"bar (?), a. [Multi- + lobar.] Consisting of, or having, many lobes.

Mul`ti*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Multi- + locular: cf. F. multiloculaire.] Having many or several cells or compartments; as, a multilocular shell or capsule.

Mul*til"o*quence (?), n. Quality of being multiloquent; use of many words; talkativeness.

{ Mul*til"o*quent (?), Mul*til"o*quous (?), } a. [L. multiloquus; multus much, many + loqui to speak.] Speaking much; very talkative; loquacious.

Mul*til"o*quy (?), n. [L. multiloquium.] Excess of words or talk. [R.]

Mul`ti*no"date (?), a. [Multi- + nodate.] Having many knots or nodes.

Mul`ti*no"dous (?), a. [L. multinodus.] Same as Multinodate.

Mul`ti*no"mi*al (?), n. & a. [Multi- + -nomial, as in binomial. See Binomial.] (Alg.) Same as Polynomial.

{ Mul`ti*nom"i*nal (?), Mul`ti*nom"i*nous (?), } a. [L. multinominis; multus many + nomen nominis name.] Having many names or terms.

Mul`ti*nu"cle*ar (?), a. [Multi- + nuclear.] (Biol.) Containing many nuclei; as, multinuclear cells.

{ Mul`ti*nu"cle*ate (?), Mul`ti*nu"cle*a`ted (?), } a. (Biol.) Multinuclear.

Mul*tip"a*rous (?), a. [Multi- + L. parere to produce: cf. F. multipare.] Producing many, or more than one, at a birth.

Mul*tip"ar*tite (?), a. [L. multipartitus multus much, many partitus divided, p. p.: cf. F. multipartite. See Partite.] Divided into many parts; having several parts.

Mul"ti*ped (?), n. [L. multipes, multipeda; multus much, many + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. multipède.] (Zoöl.) An insect having many feet, as a myriapod.

Mul"ti*ped, a. Having many feet.

Mul"ti*ple (?), a. [Cf. F. multiple, and E. quadruple, and multiply.] Containing more than once, or more than one; consisting of more than one; manifold; repeated many times; having several, or many, parts.

Law of multiple proportion (Chem.), the generalization that when the same elements unite in more than one proportion, forming two or more different compounds, the higher proportions of the elements in such compounds are simple multiples of the lowest proportion, or the proportions are connected by some simple common factor; thus, iron and oxygen unite in the proportions FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, in which compounds, considering the oxygen, 3 and 4 are simple multiplies of 1. Called also the Law of Dalton, from its discoverer. -- Multiple algebra, a branch of advanced mathematics that treats of operations upon units compounded of two or more unlike units. -- Multiple conjugation (Biol.), a coalescence of many cells (as where an indefinite number of amœboid cells flow together into a single mass) from which conjugation proper and even fertilization may have been evolved. -- Multiple fruits. (Bot.) See Collective fruit, under Collective. -- Multiple star (Astron.), several stars in close proximity, which appear to form a single system.

Mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.) A quantity containing another quantity a number of times without a remainder.

A common multiple of two or more numbers contains each of them a number of times exactly; thus, 24 is a common multiple of 3 and 4. The least common multiple is the least number that will do this; thus, 12 is the least common multiple of 3 and 4.

Mul"ti*plex (?), a. [L. multiplex, -plicis. See Multiply.] Manifold; multiple.

Mul"ti*pli`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. multipliable.] Capable of being multiplied. -- Mul"ti*pli`a*ble*ness, n.

Mul"ti*pli*ca*ble (?), a. [L. multiplicabilis.] Capable of being multiplied; multipliable.

Mul"ti*pli*cand` (?), n. [L. multiplicandus to be multiplied: cf. F. multiplicande.] (Math.) The number which is to be multiplied by another number called the multiplier. See Note under Multiplication.

Mul"ti*pli*cate (?), a. [L. multiplicatus, p. p. of multiplicare. See Multiply.] Consisting of many, or of more than one; multiple; multifold.

Multiplicate flower (Bot.), a flower that is double, or has an unusual number of petals in consequence of the abnormal multiplication of the parts of the floral whorls.

Mul`ti*pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. multiplicatio: cf. F. multiplication. See Multiply.] 1. The act or process of multiplying, or of increasing in number; the state of being multiplied; as, the multiplication of the human species by natural generation.

The increase and multiplication of the world.

Thackeray.

2. (Math.) The process of repeating, or adding to itself, any given number or quantity a certain number of times; commonly, the process of ascertaining by a briefer computation the result of such repeated additions; also, the rule by which the operation is performed; -- the reverse of division.

The word multiplication is sometimes used in mathematics, particularly in multiple algebra, to denote any distributive operation expressed by one symbol upon any quantity or any thing expressed by another symbol. Corresponding extensions of meaning are given to the words multiply, multiplier, multiplicand, and product. Thus, since &phi;(x + y) = &phi;x + &phi;y (see under Distributive), where &phi;(x + y), &phi;x, and &phi;y indicate the results of any distributive operation represented by the symbol &phi; upon x + y, x, and y, severally, then because of many very useful analogies &phi;(x + y) is called the product of &phi; and x + y, and the operation indicated by &phi; is called multiplication. Cf. Facient, n., 2.

3. (Bot.) An increase above the normal number of parts, especially of petals; augmentation.

4. The art of increasing gold or silver by magic, -- attributed formerly to the alchemists. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Multiplication table, a table giving the product of a set of numbers multiplied in some regular way; commonly, a table giving the products of the first ten or twelve numbers multiplied successively by 1, 2, 3, etc., up to 10 or 12.

Mul"ti*pli*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. multiplicatif.] Tending to multiply; having the power to multiply, or incease numbers.

Mul"ti*pli*ca*tive*ly, adv. So as to multiply.

Mul"ti*pli*ca`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. multiplicateur. Cf. Multiplier.] The number by which another number is multiplied; a multiplier.

Mul`ti*pli"cious (?), a. [See Multiplex.] Manifold. [Obs.]

Mul`ti*plic"ity (?), n. [Cf. F. multiplicité.] The quality of being multiple, manifold, or various; a state of being many; a multitude; as, a multiplicity of thoughts or objects. "A multiplicity of goods." South.

Mul"ti*pli`er (?), n. [Cf. F. multiplier. Cf. Multiplicator.] 1. One who, or that which, multiplies or increases number.

2. (Math.) The number by which another number is multiplied. See the Note under Multiplication.

3. (Physics) An instrument for multiplying or increasing by repetition or accumulation the intensity of a force or action, as heat or electricity. It is particularly used to render such a force or action appreciable or measurable when feeble. See Thermomultiplier.

Mul"ti*ply (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Multiplied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Multiplying (?).] [F. multiplier, L. multiplicare, fr. multiplex manifold. See Multitude, Complex.] 1. To increase in number; to make more numerous; to add quantity to.

Impunity will multiply motives to disobedience.

Ames.

2. (Math.) To add (any given number or quantity) to itself a certain number of times; to find the product of by multiplication; thus 7 multiplied by 8 produces the number 56; to multiply two numbers. See the Note under Multiplication.

3. To increase (the amount of gold or silver) by the arts of alchemy. [Obs.]

Multiplying gear (Mach.), gear for increasing speed. -- Multiplying lens. (Opt.) See under Lens.

Mul"ti*ply, v. i. 1. To become greater in number; to become numerous.

When men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them.

Gen. vi. 1.

2. To increase in extent and influence; to spread.

The word of God grew and multiplied.

Acts xii. 24.

3. To increase amount of gold or silver by the arts of alchemy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Mul`ti*po"lar (?), a. [Multi- + polar.] (Biol.) Having many poles; -- applied especially to those ganglionic nerve cells which have several radiating processes.

Mul*tip"o*tent (?), a. [L. multipotens; multus much + potens powerful. See Potent.] Having manifold power, or power to do many things. "Jove multipotent." Shak.

Mul`ti*pres"ence (?), n. The state or power of being multipresent.

The multipresence of Christ's body.

Bp. Hall.

Mul`ti*pres"ent (?), a. [Multi- + present, a.] Being, or having the power to be, present in two or more places at once.

Mul`ti*ra"di*ate (?), a. [Multi- + radiate.] Having many rays.

Mul`ti*ram"i*fied (?), a. [Multi- + p. p. of ramify.] Divided into many branches.

Mul`ti*ra*mose" (?), a. [Multi- + ramose.] Having many branches.

Mul*tis"cious (?), a. [L. multiscius; multus much + scius knowing, fr. scire to know.] Having much or varied knowledge. [Obs.]

Mul"ti*sect (?), a. [Multi- + L. sectus, p. p. of secare to cut.] (Zoöl.) Divided into many similar segments; -- said of an insect or myriapod.

Mul`ti*sep"tate (?), a. [Multi- + septate.] (Bot.) Divided into many chambers by partitions, as the pith of the pokeweed.

Mul`ti*se"ri*al (?), a. [Multi- + serial.] (Bot.) Arranged in many rows, or series, as the scales of a pine cone, or the leaves of the houseleek.

Mul`ti*sil"i*quous (?), a. [Multi- + siliquious.] (Bot.) Having many pods or seed vessels.

Mul*tis"o*nous (?), a. [L. multisonus; multus much, many + sonus sound.] Having many sounds, or sounding much.

Mul`ti*spi"ral (?), a. [Multi- + spiral.] (Zoöl.) Having numerous spiral coils round a center or nucleus; -- said of the opercula of certain shells.

Mul`ti*stri"ate (?), a. [Multi- + striate.] Having many streaks.

Mul`ti*sul"cate (?), a. [Multi- + sulcate.] Having many furrows.

Mul"ti*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Multi- + syllable.] A word of many syllables; a polysyllable. [R.] -- Mul`ti*syl*lab"ic (#), a.

Mul`ti*tit"u*lar (?), a. [Multi- + titular.] Having many titles.

Mul`ti*tu"bu*lar (?), a. [Multi- + tubular.] Having many tubes; as, a multitubular boiler.

Mul"ti*tude (?), n. [F. multitude, L. multitudo, multitudinis, fr. multus much, many; of unknown origin.] 1. A great number of persons collected together; a numerous collection of persons; a crowd; an assembly.

But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them.

Matt. ix. 36.

2. A great number of persons or things, regarded collectively; as, the book will be read by a multitude of people; the multitude of stars; a multitude of cares.

It is a fault in a multitude of preachers, that they utterly neglect method in their harangues.

I. Watts.

A multitude of flowers As countless as the stars on high.

Longfellow.

3. The state of being many; numerousness.

They came as grasshoppers for multitude.

Judg. vi. 5.

The multitude, the populace; the mass of men.

Syn. -- Throng; crowd; assembly; assemblage; commonalty; swarm; populace; vulgar. See Throng.

Mul`ti*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Multitudinous.

Mul`ti*tu"di*nous (?), a. 1. Consisting of a multitude; manifold in number or condition; as, multitudinous waves. "The multitudinous seas." Shak.

A renewed jingling of multitudinous chains.

G. Kennan.

2. Of or pertaining to a multitude. "The multitudinous tongue." Shak.

-- Mul`ti*tu"di*nous*ly, adv. -- Mul`ti*tu"di*nous*ness, n.

{ Mul*tiv"a*gant (?), Mul*tiv"a*gous (?), } a. [L. multivagus; multus much + vagus wandering; cf. vagans, p. pr. of vagari. See Vagary.] Wandering much. [Obs.]

Mul*tiv"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) Quality, state, or degree, of a multivalent element, atom, or radical.

Mul*tiv"a*lent (?), a. [Multi- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) (a) Having a valence greater than one, as silicon. (b) Having more than one degree of valence, as sulphur.

Mul"ti*valve (?), n. [Cf. F. multivalve.] (Zoöl.) Any mollusk which has a shell composed of more than two pieces.

{ Mul"ti*valve (?), Mul`ti*val"vu*lar (?), } a. [Multi- + valve, valvular: cf. F. multivalve.] 1. Having many valves.

2. (Zoöl.) Many-valved; having more than two valves; -- said of certain shells, as the chitons.

Mul*tiv"er*sant (?), a. [Multi- + L. versans, p. pr. See Versant.] Turning into many shapes; assuming many forms; protean.

Mul*tiv"i*ous (?), a. & adv. [L. multivius; multus many + via way.] Having many ways or roads; by many ways. [Obs.]

Mul*tiv"o*cal (?), a. [Multi- + vocal.] Signifying many different things; of manifold meaning; equivocal. "An ambiguous multivocal word." Coleridge.

-- n. A multivocal word. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

Mul*toc"u*lar (?), a. [Multi- + L. oculus eye.] Having many eyes, or more than two.

Mul"tum (?), n. An extract of quassia licorice, fraudulently used by brewers in order to economize malt and hops. Craig.

Hard multum, a preparation made from Cocculus Indicus, etc., used to impart an intoxicating quality to beer.

Mul*tun"gu*late (?), a. [Multi- + ungulate.] Having many hoofs.

Mul"ture (?), n. [OF. multure, moulture, F. mouture, fr. L. molitura a grinding, molere to grind. See Mill the machine.] 1. (Scots Law) The toll for grinding grain. Erskine.

2. A grist or grinding; the grain ground.

Mum (?), a. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Mumble.] Silent; not speaking. Thackeray.

The citizens are mum, and speak not a word.

Shak.

Mum, interj. Be silent! Hush!

Mum, then, and no more.

Shak.

Mum, n. Silence. [R.] Hudibras.

Mum, n. [G. mummere, fr. Christian Mumme, who first brewed it in 1492.] A sort of strong beer, originally made in Brunswick, Germany. Addison.

The clamorous crowd is hushed with mugs of mum.

Pope.

Mum"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mumbling (?).] [OE. momelen; cf. D. mompelen, mommelen, G. mummelen, Sw. mumla, Dan. mumle. Cf. Mum, a., Mumm, Mump, v.] 1. To speak with the lips partly closed, so as to render the sounds inarticulate and imperfect; to utter words in a grumbling indistinct manner, indicating discontent or displeasure; to mutter.

Peace, you mumbling fool.

Shak.

A wrinkled hag, with age grown double, Picking dry sticks, and mumbling to herself.

Otway.

2. To chew something gently with closed lips.

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Mum"ble (mm"b'l), v. t. 1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice. Bp. Hall.

2. To chew or bite gently, as one without teeth.

Gums unarmed, to mumble meat in vain.

Dryden.

3. To suppress, or utter imperfectly.

Mum"ble*news` (?), n. A talebearer. [Obs.]

Mum"bler (?), n. One who mumbles.

Mum"bling (?), a. Low; indistinct; inarticulate. -- Mum"bling*ly, adv.

Mum"bo Jum`bo (?). An object of superstitious homage and fear. Carlyle.

The miserable Mumbo Jumbo they paraded.

Dickens.

Mum"-chance` (?), n. 1. A game of hazard played with cards in silence. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Decker.

2. A silent, stupid person. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Mum"-chance`, a. Silent and idle. [Colloq.]

Boys can't sit mum-chance always.

J. H. Ewing.

Mumm (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mumming.] [D. mimmen to mask, mom a mask; akin to G. mumme disguise; prob. of imitative origin, and akin to E. mum, mumble, in allusion to the indistinctness of speech occasioned by talking from behind a mask. Cf. Mumble, Mummery.] To sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise; to mask.

With mumming and with masking all around.

Spenser.

Mumm"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. mommeur. See Mumm, and cf. Momier.] One who mumms, or makes diversion in disguise; a masker; a buffon.

Jugglers and dancers, antics, mummers.

Milton.

Mum"mer*y (?), n.; pl. Mummeries (#). [F. momerie, of Dutch or German origin. See Mumm.] 1. Masking; frolic in disguise; buffoonery.

The mummery of foreign strollers.

Fenton.

2. Farcical show; hypocritical disguise and parade or ceremonies. Bacon.

Mum"mi*chog (?), n. [Amer. Indian name.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus, and of allied genera; the killifishes; -- called also minnow. [Written also mummychog, mummachog.]

Mum`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Mummify.] The act of making a mummy.

Mum"mi*fied (?), a. Converted into a mummy or a mummylike substance; having the appearance of a mummy; withered.

Mum"mi*form (?), a. [Mummy + -form.] Having some resemblance to a mummy; -- in zoölogy, said of the pupæ of certain insects.

Mum"mi*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mummified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mummifying (?).] [Mummy + -fy: cf. F. momifier.] To embalm and dry as a mummy; to make into, or like, a mummy. Hall (1646).

Mum"my (mm"m), n.; pl. Mummies (#). [F. momie; cf. Sp. & Pg. momia, It. mummia; all fr. Per. mmiy, fr. mm wax.] 1. A dead body embalmed and dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians; also, a body preserved, by any means, in a dry state, from the process of putrefaction. Bacon.

2. Dried flesh of a mummy. [Obs.] Sir. J. Hill.

3. A gummy liquor that exudes from embalmed flesh when heated; -- formerly supposed to have magical and medicinal properties. [Obs.] Shak. Sir T. Herbert.

4. A brown color obtained from bitumen. See Mummy brown (below).

5. (Gardening) A sort of wax used in grafting, etc.

6. One whose affections and energies are withered.

Mummy brown, a brown color, nearly intermediate in tint between burnt umber and raw umber. A pigment of this color is prepared from bitumen, etc., obtained from Egyptian tombs. -- Mummy wheat (Bot.), wheat found in the ancient mummy cases of Egypt. No botanist now believes that genuine mummy wheat has been made to germinate in modern times. -- To beat to a mummy, to beat to a senseless mass; to beat soundly.

Mum"my, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mummied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mummying.] To embalm; to mummify.

Mum"my*chog (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Mummichog.

Mump (?), v. i. [Akin to mumble; cf. D. mompen to cheat; perh. orig., to whine like a beggar, D. mompelen to mumble. See Mumble, Mum, and cf. Mumps.] 1. To move the lips with the mouth closed; to mumble, as in sulkiness.

He mumps, and lovers, and hangs the lip.

Taylor, 1630.

2. To talk imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly; to chatter unintelligibly.

3. To cheat; to deceive; to play the beggar.

And then when mumping with a sore leg, . . . canting and whining.

Burke.

4. To be sullen or sulky. [Prov. Eng.]

Mump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mumping.] 1. To utter imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly.

Old men who mump their passion.

Goldsmith.

2. To work over with the mouth; to mumble; as, to mump food.

3. To deprive of (something) by cheating; to impose upon.

Mump"er (?), n. A beggar; a begging impostor.

Deceived by the tales of a Lincoln's Inn mumper.

Macaulay.

Mump"ish, a. Sullen, sulky. -- Mump"ish*ly, adv. -- Mump"ish*ness, n.

Mumps (?), n. [Prov. E. mump to be sulky. Cf. Mump, Mumble, and Mum.] 1. pl. Sullenness; silent displeasure; the sulks. Skinner.

2. [Prob. so called from the patient's appearance.] (Med.) A specific infectious febrile disorder characterized by a nonsuppurative inflammation of the parotid glands; epidemic or infectious parotitis.

Mun (?), n. [See Mouth.] The mouth. [Obs.]

One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns, Butter them and sugar them and put them in your muns.

Old Rhyme. Halliwell.

Munch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Munched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Munching.] [Prob. akin to mumble: cf. also F. manger to eat (cf. Mange), and mâcher to cher (cf. Masticate). See Mumble.] To chew with a grinding, crunching sound, as a beast chews provender; to chew deliberately or in large mouthfuls. [Formerly written also maunch and mounch.]

I could munch your good dry oats.

Shak.

Mun*chau"sen*ism (?), n. [So called in allusion to Baron Munchausen's extravagant tales of travel.] An extravagant fiction embodying an account of some marvelous exploit or adventure.

Munch"er (?), n. One who munches.

Mund (?), n. See Mun.

Mun"dane (?), a. [L. mundanus, fr. mundus the world, an implement, toilet adornments, or dress; cf. mundus, a., clean, neat, Skr. ma to adorn, dress, maa adornment. Cf. Monde, Mound in heraldry.] Of or pertaining to the world; worldly; earthly; terrestrial; as, the mundane sphere. -- Mun"dane*ly, adv.

The defilement of mundane passions.

I. Taylor.

Mun*dan"i*ty (?), n. Worldliness. [Obs.]

Mun*da"tion (?), n. [L. mundatio, fr. mundare to make clean.] The act of cleansing. [Obs.]

Mun"da*to*ry (?), a. [L. mundatorius.] Cleansing; having power to cleanse. [Obs.]

Mun"dic (?), n. Iron pyrites, or arsenical pyrites; -- so called by the Cornish miners.

Mun*dif"i*cant (?), a. [L. mundificans, p. pr. of mundificare to make clean, fr. mundus clean + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] Serving to cleanse and heal. -- n. A mundificant ointment or plaster.

Mun`di*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act or operation of cleansing.

Mun*dif"i*ca*tive (?), a. Cleansing. -- n. A detergent medicine or preparation.

Mun"di*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F. mondifier, L. mundificare. See Mundificant.] To cleanse. [Obs.]

Mun"dil (?), n. A turban ornamented with an imitation of gold or silver embroidery.

Mun*div"a*gant (?), a. [L. mundus the world + vagans wandering, p. pr. of vagari. See Vagary.] Wandering over the world. [R.]

Mun*dun"gus (?), n. [Cf. Sp. mondongo paunch, tripe, black pudding.] A stinking tobacco.

Mu"ner*a*ry (?), a. [L. munerarius, from munus a gift.] Having the nature of a gift. [Obs.]

Mu"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. muneratus, p. p. of munerare to give, bestow, fr. munus a gift.] To remunerate.

Mu`ner*a"tion (?), n. [L. muneratio.] Remuneration. [Obs.]

Mung (mng), n. [Hind. mng.] (Bot.) Green gram, a kind of pulse (Phaseolus Mungo), grown for food in British India. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Mun"ga (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Bonnet monkey, under Bonnet.

Mung"corn` (?), n. Same as Mangcorn.

Mun"go (?), n. A fibrous material obtained by deviling rags or the remnants of woolen goods.

Mungo properly signifies the disintegrated rags of woolen cloth, as distinguished from those of worsted, which form shoddy. The distinction is very commonly disregarded. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).

{ Mun"goose, Mun"goos } (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Mongoose.

Mun"grel (?), n. & a. See Mongrel.

Mu*nic"i*pal (?), a. [L. municipalis, fr. municipium a town, particularly in Italy, which possessed the right of Roman citizenship, but was governed by its own laws, a free town, fr. municeps an inhabitant of a free town, a free citizen; munia official duties, functions + capere to take: cf. F. municipal. Cf. Immunity, and Capacoius.] 1. Of or pertaining to a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government; as, municipal rights; municipal officers.

2. Of or pertaining to a state, kingdom, or nation.

Municipal law is properly defined to be a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state.

Blackstone.

Mu*nic"i*pal*ism (?), n. Municipal condition.

Mu*nic`i*pal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Municipalities (#). [Cf. F. municipalité.] A municipal district; a borough, city, or incorporated town or village.

Mu*nic"i*pal*ly (?), adv. In a municipal relation or condition.

Mu*nif"ic (?), a. [See Munificent.] Munificent; liberal. [Obs. or R.]

Mu*nif"i*cate (?), v. t. [L. munificatus, p. p. of munificare to present with a thing, fr. munificus. See Munificent.] To enrich. [Obs.]

Mu*nif"i*cence (?), n. [Cf. L. munire to fortify.] Means of defense; fortification. [Obs.] Spenser.

Mu*nif"i*cence, n. [L. munificentia: cf. F. munificence.] The quality or state of being munificent; a giving or bestowing with extraordinary liberality; generous bounty; lavish generosity.

The virtues of liberality and munificence.

Addison.

Syn. -- Benevolence; beneficence; liberality; generosity; bounty; bounteousness. See Benevolence.

Mu*nif"i*cent (?), a. [L. munificus; munus service, gift + -ficare (in comp.) to make. Cf. Immunity, -fy.] Very liberal in giving or bestowing; lavish; as, a munificent benefactor. -- Mu*nif"i*cent*ly, adv.

Syn. -- Bounteous; bountiful; liberal; generous.

Mu"ni*fy (?), v. t. & i. [See Munificate.] To prepare for defense; to fortify. [Obs.]

Mu"ni*ment (?), n. [L. munimentum, fr. munire to fortify. See Munition.] 1. The act of supporting or defending. [Obs.]

2. That which supports or defends; stronghold; place or means of defense; munition; assistance. "Other muniments and petty helps." Shak.

3. (Law) A record; the evidences or writings whereby a man is enabled to defend the title to his estate; title deeds and papers. Blount.

Muniment house or room, that room in a cathedral, castle, or other public building, which is used for keeping the records, charters, seals, deeds, and the like. Gwilt.

Mu*nite" (?), v. t. [L. munitus, p. p. of munire to wall, fortify.] To fortify; to strengthen. [Obs.]

Mu*ni"tion (?), n. [F., munition of war, L. munitio a fortifying, fortification, fr. munire to fortify, defend with a wall; cf. moenia walls, murus (for moirus) a wall, and Skr. mi to fix, make firm. Cf. Ammunition.] 1. Fortification; stronghold. [Obs.]

His place of defense shall be the munitions of rocks.

Is. xxxiii. 16.

2. Whatever materials are used in war for defense or for annoying an enemy; ammunition; also, stores and provisions; military stores of all kinds.

The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war.

Sir W. Raleigh.

Mu"ni*ty (?), n. [See Immunity.] Freedom; security; immunity. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Mun*jeet" (?), n. [Hind. majh a drug used for dyeing red.] See Indian madder, under Madder.

Mun"jis*tin (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-red coloring substance resembling alizarin, found in the root of an East Indian species of madder (Rubia munjista).

Mun"nion (?), n. See Mullion.

{ Mun"tin (?), Mun"ting (?), } n. [CF. Montant.] (Arch.) Same as Mullion; -- especially used in joiner's work.

Munt"jac (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small Asiatic deer of the genus Cervulus, esp. C. muntjac, which occurs both in India and on the East Indian Islands. [Written also muntjak.]

Muntz" met`al (?). See under Metal.

||Mu*ræ"na (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of large eels of ||the family Murænidæ. They differ from the common eel in lacking ||pectoral fins and in having the dorsal and anal fins continuous. The ||murry (Muræna Helenæ) of Southern Europe was the muræna of the ||Romans. It is highly valued as a food fish.

{ Mu*ræ"noid, Mu*re"noid } (?), a. [NL. Muræna, the generic name + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Muræna, or family Murænidæ.

Mu"rage (?), n. [F., fr. murer to wall, fr. mur wall, L. murus. See Mure a wall.] A tax or toll paid for building or repairing the walls of a fortified town.

Mu"ral (?), a. [F., fr. L. muralis, fr. murus wall. See Mure a wall.] 1. Of or pertaining to a wall; being on, or in, a wall; growing on, or against, a wall; as, a mural quadrant. "Mural breach." Milton. "Mural fruit." Evelyn.

2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice.

Mural circle (Astron.), a graduated circle, in the plane of the meridian, attached permanently to a perpendicular wall; -- used for measuring arcs of the meridian. See Circle, n., 3. -- Mural crown (Rom. Antiq.), a golden crown, or circle of gold indented so as to resemble a battlement, bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place, and there lodged a standard.

Mur"der (mûr"dr), n. [OE. morder, morther, AS. morðor, fr. morð murder; akin to D. moord, OS. morð, G., Dan., & Sw. mord, Icel. morð, Goth. maúrþr, OSlav. mrti to die, Lith. mirti, W. marw dead, L. mors, mortis, death, mori, moriri, to die, Gr. broto`s (for mroto`s) mortal, 'a`mbrotos immortal, Skr. m to die, mta death. &radic;105. Cf. Amaranth, Ambrosia, Mortal.] The offense of killing a human being with malice prepense or aforethought, express or implied; intentional and unlawful homicide. "Mordre will out." Chaucer.

The killing of their children had, in the account of God, the guilt of murder, as the offering them to idols had the guilt of idolatry.

Locke.

Slaughter grows murder when it goes too far.

Dryden.

Murder in the second degree, in most jurisdictions, is a malicious homicide committed without a specific intention to take life. Wharton.

Mur"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Murdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Murdering.] [OE. mortheren, murtheren, AS. myrðrian; akin to OHG. murdiren, Goth. maúrþrjan. See Murder, n.] 1. To kill with premediated malice; to kill (a human being) willfully, deliberately, and unlawfully. See Murder, n.

2. To destroy; to put an end to.

[Canst thou] murder thy breath in middle of a word?

Shak.

3. To mutilate, spoil, or deform, as if with malice or cruelty; to mangle; as, to murder the king's English.

Syn. -- To kill; assassinate; slay. See Kill.

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Mur"der*er (mûr"dr*r), n. 1. One guilty of murder; a person who, in possession of his reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice.

2. A small cannon, formerly used for clearing a ship's decks of boarders; -- called also murdering piece. [Obs.]

Mur"der*ess, n. A woman who commits murder.

Mur"der*ment (?), n. Murder. [Obs.] Farfax.

Mur"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to murder; characterized by, or causing, murder or bloodshed; having the purpose or quality of murder; bloody; sanguinary; as, the murderous king; murderous rapine; murderous intent; a murderous assault. "Murderous coward." Shak. -- Mur"der*ous*ly, adv.

Syn. -- Bloody; sanguinary; bloodguilty; bloodthirsty; fell; savage; cruel.

Mur"dress (?), n. A battlement in ancient fortifications with interstices for firing through.

Mure (?), n. [L. murus; or F. mur, fr. L. murus. Cf. Munition.] A wall. [Obs.] Shak.

Mure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mured (?).] [F. murer, L. murare. See Mure, n.] To inclose in walls; to wall; to immure; to shut up. Spenser.

The five kings are mured in a cave.

John. x. (Heading).

Mu"ren*ger (?), n. One who had charge of the wall of a town, or its repairs.

||Mu"rex (?), n.; pl. Murices (#). [L., the purple fish.] (Zoöl.) A ||genus of marine gastropods, having rough, and frequently spinose, ||shells, which are often highly colored inside; the rock shells. They ||abound in tropical seas.

Mu*rex"an (?), n. [From Murexide.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance obtained from murexide, alloxantin, and other ureids, as a white, or yellowish, crystalline which turns red on exposure to the air; -- called also uramil, dialuramide, and formerly purpuric acid.

Mu*rex"ide (?), n. [L. murex the purple fish, purple.] (Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous substance having a splendid dichroism, being green by reflected light and garnet-red by transmitted light. It was formerly used in dyeing calico, and was obtained in a large quantities from guano. Formerly called also ammonium purpurate.

Mu*rex"o*ïn (?), n. (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous compound obtained as a scarlet crystalline substance, and regarded as related to murexide.

Mu"ri*ate (?), n. [See Muriatic.] (Chem.) A salt of muriatic hydrochloric acid; a chloride; as, muriate of ammonia.

This term, as also the word muriatic, was formerly applied to the chlorides before their true composition was understood, and while they were erroneously supposed to be compounds of an acid with an oxide. Muriate and muriatic are still occasionally used as commercial terms, but are obsolete in scientific language.

Mu"ri*a`ted (?), a. 1. Put in brine. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with muriatic or hydrochloric acid.

3. (Photog.) Prepared with chloride of silver through the agency of common salt.

Mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. [L. muriaticus pickled, from muria brine: cf. F. muriatique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sea salt, or from chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric.

Muriatic acid, hydrochloric acid, HCl; -- formerly called also marine acid, and spirit of salt. See hydrochloric, and the Note under Muriate.

Mu`ri*a*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Muriatic + -ferous.] (Old Chem.) Producing muriatic substances or salt. [Obs.]

{ Mu"ri*cate (?), Mu"ri*ca`ted (?), } a. [L. muricatus, fr. murex a pointed rock or stone.] Formed with sharp points; full of sharp points or of pickles; covered, or roughened, as a surface, with sharp points or excrescences.

Mu"ri*coid (?), a. [Murex + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Murex, or family Muricidæ.

Mu*ric"u*late (?), a. Minutely muricate.

Mu"ride (?), n. [L. muria brine.] (Old Chem.) Bromine; -- formerly so called from its being obtained from sea water.

Mu"ri*form (?), a. [L. murus a wall + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling courses of bricks or stones in squareness and regular arrangement; as, a muriform variety of cellular tissue.

Mu"rine (?), a. [L. murinus, from mus, muris, mouse: cf. F. murin.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to a family of rodents (Muridæ), of which the mouse is the type.

Mu"rine, n. (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of rodents, of which the mouse is the type.

Mu"rin*ger (?), n. See Murenger. Jacob.

Murk (?), a. [See Murky.] Dark; murky.

He can not see through the mantle murk.

J. R. Drake.

Murk, n. Darkness; mirk. [Archaic] Shak.

Murk, n. The refuse of fruit, after the juice has been expressed; marc.

Murk"i*ly (?), adv. Darkly; gloomily.

Murk"i*ness, n. The state of being murky.

Murk"y (?), a. [Compar. Murkier (?); superl. Murkiest.] [OE. mirke, merke, AS. myrce, mirce; akin to Icel. myrkr, Dan. & Sw. mörk.] Dark; obscure; gloomy. "The murkiest den." Shak.

A murky deep lowering o'er our heads.

Addison.

Mur"lins (?), n. (Bot.) A seaweed. See Baddrelocks.

Mur"mur (?), n. [F. murmure: cf. L. murmur. CF. Murmur, v. i.] 1. A low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water.

2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice. Chaucer.

Some discontents there are, some idle murmurs.

Dryden.

Mur"mur, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Murmured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Murmuring.] [F. murmurer, L. murmurare, murmurari, fr. murmur murmur; cf. Gr.&?; to roar and boil, said of water, Skr. marmara a rustling sound; prob. of imitative origin.] 1. To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, distant waves, or the wind in a forest.

They murmured as doth a swarm of bees.

Chaucer.

2. To utter complaints in a low, half- articulated voice; to feel or express dissatisfaction or discontent; to grumble; -- often with at or against. "His disciples murmured at it." John vi. 61.

And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron.

Num. xiv. 2.

Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured.

1 Cor. x. 10.

Mur"mur, v. t. To utter or give forth in low or indistinct words or sounds; as, to murmur tales. Shak.

The people murmured such things concerning him.

John vii. 32.

Mur`mur*a"tion (?), n. [L. murmuratio.] The act of murmuring; a murmur. [Obs.] Skelton.

Mur"mur*er (?), n. One who murmurs.

Mur"mur*ing, a. & n. Uttering murmurs; making low sounds; complaining. -- Mur"mur*ing*ly, adv.

Mur"mur*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. murmuriosus, OF. murmuros.] Attended with murmurs; exciting murmurs or complaint; murmuring. [Archaic or Poetic]

The lime, a summer home of murmurous wings.

Tennyson.

Mur"ni*val (?), n. [Perh. fr. F. mornifle a game at cards.] In the game of gleek, four cards of the same value, as four aces or four kings; hence, four of anything. [Obs.] [Written also mournival.]

Mur"phy (?), n. A potato. [Humorous] Thackeray.

Murr (?), n. [Prob. abbrev. from murrain.] A catarrh. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

Mur"rain (?), n. [OE. moreine, OF. morine, fr. OF. morir, murir, 8die, L. mori, moriri.] (Far.) An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. Bacon.

A murrain on you, may you be afflicted with a pestilent disease. Shak.

Mur"rain, a. Having, or afflicted with, murrain.

Mur"ray*in (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the flowers of a plant (Murraya exotica) of South Asia, and extracted as a white amorphous slightly bitter substance.

Murre (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of sea birds of the genus Uria, or Catarractes; a guillemot.

The murres are allied to the auks, and are abundant on the northern coasts of Europe and America. They often breed in large communities on the projecting ledges of precipituous cliffs, laying one or two large eggs on the bare rocks.

Murre"let (?), n. [Murre + - let.] (Zoöl.) One of several species of sea birds of the genera Synthliboramphus and Brachyramphus, inhabiting the North Pacific. They are closely related to the murres.

Mur"rey (?), n. [OF. morée a dark red color, mor blackish brown, fr. L. morum mulberry, blackberry, or fr. Maurus a Moor. Cf. Mulberry, Moor, Morelle.] A dark red color. -- a. Of a dark red color. Bacon.

Mur"rhine (?), a. [L. murrhinus, fr. murrha: cf. F. murrhin.] Made of the stone or material called by the Romans murrha; -- applied to certain costly vases of great beauty and delicacy used by the luxurious in Rome as wine cups; as, murrhine vases, cups, vessels.

Murrhine glass, glassware made in imitation of murrhine vases and cups.

Mur"ri*on (?), a. [See Murrain.] Infected with or killed by murrain. [Obs.] Shak.

Mur"ri*on, n. A morion. See Morion.

Mur"ry (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Muræna.

Murth (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Plenty; abundance. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Mur"ther (?), n. & v. Murder, n. & v. [Obs. or Prov.] "The treason of the murthering." Chaucer.

Mur"ther*er (?), n. A murderer. [Obs. or Prov.]

Mur"za (?), n. One of the hereditary nobility among the Tatars, esp. one of the second class.

This word must not be confounded with the Persian Mirza, though perhaps of the same origin.

||Mus (?), n.; pl. Mures (#). [L., a mouse.] (Zoöl.) A genus of small ||rodents, including the common mouse and rat.

||Mu"sa (?), n.; pl. Musæ (#). [NL., fr. Ar. mauz, mauza, banana.] ||(Bot.) A genus of perennial, herbaceous, endogenous plants of great ||size, including the banana (Musa sapientum), the plantain (M. ||paradisiaca of Linnæus, but probably not a distinct species), the ||Abyssinian (M. Ensete), the Philippine Island (M. textilis, which ||yields Manila hemp), and about eighteen other species. See Illust. of ||Banana and Plantain.

Mu*sa"ceous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the genus Musa.

Mus"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Muses, or to Poetry. [R.]

Mu*sang" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small animal of Java (Paradoxirus fasciatus), allied to the civets. It swallows, but does not digest, large quantities of ripe coffee berries, thus serving to disseminate the coffee plant; hence it is called also coffee rat.

Mu"sar (?), n. An itinerant player on the musette, an instrument formerly common in Europe.

Mu"sard (?), n. [F., fr. muser to loiter, trifle. See Muse, v. i.] A dreamer; an absent-minded person. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

||Mus"ca (?), n.; pl. Muscæ (#). [L., a fly.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of ||dipterous insects, including the common house fly, and numerous ||allied species.

Formerly, a large part of the Diptera were included under the genus Musca.

2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated between the Southern Cross and the Pole.

||Muscæ volitantes (&?;). [L., flying flies.] (Med.) Specks or ||filaments apparently seen moving or gliding about in the field of ||vision. Their appearance is often a symptom of disease of the eye, or ||of disorder of the nervous system.

Mus"ca*del` (?), n. [It. moscadello, moscatello, LL. muscatellum or muscadellum (sc. vinum), fr. muscatellus nutmeglike, dim. of muscatus smelling like musk, muscatum and muscata (sc. nux) nutmeg: cf. F. muscadelle, fr. Italian. See Musk and cf. Moschatel, Muscardin, Muscat, Nutmeg.] See Muscatel, n.

Quaffed off the muscadel.

Shak.

Mus"ca*dine (?), n. [See Muscadel.] 1. (Bot.) A name given to several very different kinds of grapes, but in America used chiefly for the scuppernong, or southern fox grape, which is said to be the parent stock of the Catawba. See Grapevine.

2. (Bot.) A fragrant and delicious pear.

3. (Zoöl.) See Muscardin.

Northern muscadine (Bot.), a derivative of the northern fox grape, and scarcely an improvement upon it. -- Royal muscadine (Bot.), a European grape of great value. Its berries are large, round, and of a pale amber color. Called also golden chasselas.

||Mus*ca"les (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. muscus moss.] (Bot.) An old name ||for mosses in the widest sense, including the true mosses and also ||hepaticæ and sphagna.

Mus"cal*longe (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Muskellunge.

Mus"car*din (?), n. [F., fr. muscadin a musk-scented lozenge, fr. muscade nutmeg, fr. L. muscus musk. See Muscadel.] (Zoöl.) The common European dormouse; -- so named from its odor. [Written also muscadine.]

Mus`car*dine" (?), n. [F.] A disease which is very destructive to silkworms, and which sometimes extends to other insects. It is attended by the development of a fungus (provisionally called Botrytis bassiana). Also, the fungus itself.

Mus*car"i*form (?), a. [L. muscarium fly brush + -form.] Having the form of a brush.

Mus*ca"rin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A solid crystalline substance, C5H13NO2, found in the toadstool (Agaricus muscarius), and in putrid fish. It is a typical ptomaine, and a violent poison.

Mus"cat (?), n. [F. See Muscadel.] (Bot.) A name given to several varieties of Old World grapes, differing in color, size, etc., but all having a somewhat musky flavor. The muscat of Alexandria is a large oval grape of a pale amber color. [Written also muskat.]

Mus"ca*tel` (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or designating, or derived from, a muscat grapes or similar grapes; as, muscatel grapes; muscatel wine, etc.

Mus"ca*tel`, n. 1. A common name for several varieties of rich sweet wine, made in Italy, Spain, and France.

2. pl. Finest raisins, dried on the vine; "sun raisins."

[Variously written moscatel, muscadel, etc.]

||Musch"el*kalk` (?), n. [G., from muschel shell + kalk limestone.] ||(Geol.) A kind of shell limestone, whose strata form the middle one ||of the three divisions of the Triassic formation in Germany. See ||Chart, under Geology.

||Mus"ci (?), n. pl. [L. muscus moss.] (Bot.) An order or subclass of ||cryptogamous plants; the mosses. See Moss, and Cryptogamia.

Mus*cic"a*pine (?), a. [L. musca a fly + capere to catch.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Muscicapidæ, a family of birds that includes the true flycatchers.

Mus"cid (?), n. Any fly of the genus Musca, or family Muscidæ.

Mus"ci*form (?), a. [Musca + -form.] (Zoöl.) Having the form or structure of flies of the genus Musca, or family Muscidæ.

Mus"ci*form, a. [Muscus + - form.] (Bot.) Having the appearance or form of a moss.

Mus"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. musculus a muscle, a little mouse, dim. of mus a mouse. See Mouse, and cf. sense 3 (below).] 1. (Anat.) (a) An organ which, by its contraction, produces motion. See Illust. of Muscles of the Human Body, in Appendix. (b) The contractile tissue of which muscles are largely made up.

Muscles are of two kinds, striated and nonstriated. The striated muscles, which, in most of the higher animals, constitute the principal part of the flesh, exclusive of the fat, are mostly under the control of the will, or voluntary, and are made up of great numbers of elongated fibres bound together into bundles and inclosed in a sheath of connective tissue, the perimysium. Each fiber is inclosed in a delicate membrane (the sarcolemma), is made up of alternate segments of lighter and darker material which give it a transversely striated appearance, and contains, scattered through its substance, protoplasmic nuclei, the so-called muscle corpuscles.

The nonstriated muscles are involuntary. They constitute a large part of the walls of the alimentary canal, blood vessels, uterus, and bladder, and are found also in the iris, skin, etc. They are made up of greatly elongated cells, usually grouped in bundles or sheets.

2. Muscular strength or development; as, to show one's muscle by lifting a heavy weight. [Colloq.]

3. [AS. muscle, L. musculus a muscle, mussel. See above.] (Zoöl.) See Mussel.

Muscle curve (Physiol.), contraction curve of a muscle; a myogram; the curve inscribed, upon a prepared surface, by means of a myograph when acted upon by a contracting muscle. The character of the curve represents the extent of the contraction.

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Mus"cled (?), a. Furnished with muscles; having muscles; as, things well muscled.

Mus"cling (?), n. (Fine Arts) Exhibition or representation of the muscles. [R.]

A good piece, the painters say, must have good muscling, as well as coloring and drapery.

Shaftesbury.

Mus*co"gees (?), n. pl. See Muskogees.

Mus"coid (?), a. [Muscus + - oid: cf. F. muscoide.] (Bot.) Mosslike; resembling moss.

Mus"coid, n. (Bot.) A term formerly applied to any mosslike flowerless plant, with a distinct stem, and often with leaves, but without any vascular system.

Mus*col"o*gy (?), n. [Muscus + -logy.] Bryology.

Mus*cos"i*ty (?), n. [L. muscosus mossy, fr. muscus moss.] Mossiness. Jonhson.

Mus`co*va"do (?), a. [Corrupted fr. Sp. mascabado; cf. Pg. mascavado, F. moscouade, n., formerly also mascovade, It. mascavato.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, unrefined or raw sugar, obtained from the juice of the sugar cane by evaporating and draining off the molasses. Muscovado sugar contains impurities which render it dark colored and moist.

Mus`co*va"do, n. Unrefined or raw sugar.

Mus"co*vite (?), n. [See Muscovy glass.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Muscovy or ancient Russia; hence, a Russian.

2. (Min.) Common potash mica. See Mica.

Mus"co*vy duck` (?). [A corruption of musk duck.] (Zoöl.) A duck (Cairina moschata), larger than the common duck, often raised in poultry yards. Called also musk duck. It is native of tropical America, from Mexico to Southern Brazil.

Mus"co*vy glass` (?). [From Muscovy, the old name of Russia: cf. F. verre de Moscovie.] Mica; muscovite. See Mica.

Mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. musculaire. See Muscle.] 1. Of or pertaining to a muscle, or to a system of muscles; consisting of, or constituting, a muscle or muscles; as, muscular fiber.

Great muscular strength, accompanied by much awkwardness.

Macaulay.

2. Performed by, or dependent on, a muscle or the muscles. "The muscular motion." Arbuthnot.

3. Well furnished with muscles; having well- developed muscles; brawny; hence, strong; powerful; vigorous; as, a muscular body or arm.

Muscular Christian, one who believes in a part of religious duty to maintain a healthful and vigorous physical state. T. Hughes. -- Muscular Christianity. (a) The practice and opinion of those Christians who believe that it is a part of religious duty to maintain a vigorous condition of the body, and who therefore approve of athletic sports and exercises as conductive to good health, good morals, and right feelings in religious matters. T. Hughes. (b) An active, robust, and cheerful Christian life, as opposed to a meditative and gloomy one. C. Kingsley. -- Muscular excitability (Physiol.), that property in virtue of which a muscle shortens, when it is stimulated; irritability. -- Muscular sense (Physiol.), muscular sensibility; the sense by which we obtain knowledge of the condition of our muscles and to what extent they are contracted, also of the position of the various parts of our bodies and the resistance offering by external objects.

Mus`cu*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being muscular. Grew.

Mus"cu*lar*ize (?), v. t. To make muscular. Lowell.

Mus"cu*lar*ly, adv. In a muscular manner.

Mus`cu*la"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The muscular system of an animal, or of any of its parts.

Mus"cu*la*ture (?), n. [Cf. F. musculature.] (Anat.) Musculation.

Mus"cule (?), n. [L. musculus: cf. F. muscule.] (Mil.) A long movable shed used by besiegers in ancient times in attacking the walls of a fortified town.

Mus"cu*lin (?), n. [L. musculus a muscle.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Syntonin.

Mus`cu*lo*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. musculus + E. cutaneous.] (Anat.) Pertaining both to muscles and skin; as, the musculocutaneous nerve.

Mus`cu*lo*phren"ic (?), a. [L. musculus muscle + E. phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the muscles and the diaphragm; as, the musculophrenic artery.

Mus`cu*los"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being musculous; muscularity. [Obs.]

Mus`cu*lo*spi"ral (?), a. [L. musculus muscle + E. spiral.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the muscles, and taking a spiral course; -- applied esp. to a large nerve of the arm.

Mus"cu*lous (?), a. [L. musculosus: cf. F. musculeux.] Muscular. [Obs.] Jonhson.

Muse (?), n. [From F. musse. See Muset.] A gap or hole in a hedge, hence, wall, or the like, through which a wild animal is accustomed to pass; a muset.

Find a hare without a muse.

Old Prov.

Muse, n. [F. Muse, L. Musa, Gr. &?;. Cf. Mosaic, n., Music.] 1. (Class. Myth.) One of the nine goddesses who presided over song and the different kinds of poetry, and also the arts and sciences; -- often used in the plural.

Granville commands; your aid, O Muses, bring: What Muse for Granville can refuse to sing?

Pope.

The names of the Muses were Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polymnia or Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and Urania.

2. A particular power and practice of poetry. Shak.

3. A poet; a bard. [R.] Milton.

Muse, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Musing.] [F. muser to loiter or trifle, orig., to stand with open mouth, fr. LL. musus, morsus, muzzle, snout, fr. L. morsus a biting, bite, fr. mordere to bite. See Morsel, and cf. Amuse, Muzzle, n.] 1. To think closely; to study in silence; to meditate. "Thereon mused he." Chaucer.

He mused upon some dangerous plot.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. To be absent in mind; to be so occupied in study or contemplation as not to observe passing scenes or things present; to be in a brown study. Daniel.

3. To wonder. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.

Syn. -- To consider; meditate; ruminate. See Ponder.

Muse, v. t. 1. To think on; to meditate on.

Come, then, expressive Silence, muse his praise.

Thomson.

2. To wonder at. [Obs.] Shak.

Muse, n. 1. Contemplation which abstracts the mind from passing scenes; absorbing thought; hence, absence of mind; a brown study. Milton.

2. Wonder, or admiration. [Obs.] Spenser.

Muse"ful (?), a. Meditative; thoughtfully silent. "Museful mopings." Dryden. - - Muse"ful*ly, adv.

Muse"less, a. Unregardful of the Muses; disregarding the power of poetry; unpoetical. Milton.

Mus"er (?), n. One who muses.

Mu"set (?), n. [OF. mussette, dim. of musse, muce, a hiding place, fr. F. musser, OF. mucier, muchier, to conceal, hide. Cf. Micher.] A small hole or gap through which a wild animal passes; a muse. Shak.

Mu*sette" (?), n. [F., dim. of OF. muse.] 1. A small bagpipe formerly in use, having a soft and sweet tone.

2. An air adapted to this instrument; also, a kind of rustic dance.

Mu*se"um (?), n. [L., a temple of the Muses, hence, a place of study, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a Muse.] A repository or a collection of natural, scientific, or literary curiosities, or of works of art.

Museum beetle, Museum pest. (Zoöl.) See Anthrenus.

Mush (?), n. [Cf. Gael. mus, muss, pap, porridge, any thick preparation of fruit, OHG. muos; akin to AS. & OS. ms food, and prob, to E. meat. See Meat.] Meal (esp. Indian meal) boiled in water; hasty pudding; supawn. [U.S.]

Mush, v. t. [Cf. F. moucheter to cut with small cuts.] To notch, cut, or indent, as cloth, with a stamp.

Mush"room (?), n. [OE. muscheron, OF. mouscheron, F. mousseron; perhaps fr. mousse moss, of German origin. See Moss.] 1. (Bot.) (a) An edible fungus (Agaricus campestris), having a white stalk which bears a convex or oven flattish expanded portion called the pileus. This is whitish and silky or somewhat scaly above, and bears on the under side radiating gills which are at first flesh-colored, but gradually become brown. The plant grows in rich pastures and is proverbial for rapidity of growth and shortness of duration. It has a pleasant smell, and is largely used as food. It is also cultivated from spawn. (b) Any large fungus, especially one of the genus Agaricus; a toadstool. Several species are edible; but many are very poisonous.

2. One who rises suddenly from a low condition in life; an upstart. Bacon.

Mush"room, a. 1. Of or pertaining to mushrooms; as, mushroom catchup.

2. Resembling mushrooms in rapidity of growth and shortness of duration; short-lived; ephemerial; as, mushroom cities.

Mushroom anchor, an anchor shaped like a mushroom, capable of grasping the ground in whatever way it falls. -- Mushroom coral (Zoöl.), any coral of the genus Fungia. See Fungia. -- Mushroom spawn (Bot.), the mycelium, or primary filamentous growth, of the mushroom; also, cakes of earth and manure containing this growth, which are used for propagation of the mushroom.

Mush"room-head`ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a cylindrical body with a convex head of larger diameter; having a head like that of a mushroom.

Mush"y (?), a. Soft like mush; figuratively, good-naturedly weak and effusive; weakly sentimental.

She 's not mushy, but her heart is tender.

G. Eliot.

Mu"sic (?), n. [F. musique, fr. L. musica, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), any art over which the Muses presided, especially music, lyric poetry set and sung to music, fr. &?; belonging to Muses or fine arts, fr. &?; Muse.] 1. The science and the art of tones, or musical sounds, i. e., sounds of higher or lower pitch, begotten of uniform and synchronous vibrations, as of a string at various degrees of tension; the science of harmonical tones which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependences, and relations of tones to each other; the art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear.

Not all sounds are tones. Sounds may be unmusical and yet please the ear. Music deals with tones, and with no other sounds. See Tone.

2. (a) Melody; a rhythmical and otherwise agreeable succession of tones. (b) Harmony; an accordant combination of simultaneous tones.

3. The written and printed notation of a musical composition; the score.

4. Love of music; capacity of enjoying music.

The man that hath no music in himself Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils.

Shak.

5. (Zoöl.) A more or less musical sound made by many of the lower animals. See Stridulation.

Magic music, a game in which a person is guided in finding a hidden article, or in doing a specific art required, by music which is made more loud or rapid as he approaches success, and slower as he recedes. Tennyson. -- Music box. See Musical box, under Musical. -- Music hall, a place for public musical entertainments. -- Music loft, a gallery for musicians, as in a dancing room or a church. - - Music of the spheres, the harmony supposed to be produced by the accordant movement of the celestial spheres. -- Music paper, paper ruled with the musical staff, for the use of composers and copyists. -- Music pen, a pen for ruling at one time the five lines of the musical staff. -- Music shell (Zoöl.), a handsomely colored marine gastropod shell (Voluta musica) found in the East Indies; -- so called because the color markings often resemble printed music. Sometimes applied to other shells similarly marked. -- To face the music, to meet any disagreeable necessity without flinching. [Colloq. or Slang]

Mu"sic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. musical.] Of or pertaining to music; having the qualities of music; or the power of producing music; devoted to music; melodious; harmonious; as, musical proportion; a musical voice; musical instruments; a musical sentence; musical persons.

Musical, or Music, box, a box or case containing apparatus moved by clockwork so as to play certain tunes automatically. -- Musical fish (Zoöl.), any fish which utters sounds under water, as the drumfish, grunt, gizzard shad, etc. -- Musical glasses, glass goblets or bowls so tuned and arranged that when struck, or rubbed, they produce musical notes. Cf. Harmonica, 1.

Mu"sic*al, n. 1. Music. [Obs.]

To fetch home May with their musical.

Spenser.

2. A social entertainment of which music is the leading feature; a musical party. [Colloq.]

||Mu`si`cale" (?), n. [F. Cf. Soirée musicale.] A social musical party. ||[Colloq.]

Mu"sic*al*ly (?), adv. In a musical manner.

Mu"sic*al*ness, n. The quality of being musical.

Mu*si"cian (?), n. [F. musicien.] One skilled in the art or science of music; esp., a skilled singer, or performer on a musical instrument.

Mu`si*co*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Music + mania: cf. F. musicomanie.] (Med.) A kind of monomania in which the passion for music becomes so strong as to derange the intellectual faculties. Dunglison.

Mus"i*mon (?), n. [See Musmon.] (Zoöl.) See Mouflon.

Mus"ing*ly (?), adv. In a musing manner.

Mu"sit (?), n. See Muset.

Musk (?), n. [F. musc, L. muscus, Per. musk, fr. Skr. mushka testicle, orig., a little mouse. See Mouse, and cd. Abelmosk, Muscadel, Muscovy duck, Nutmeg.] 1. A substance of a reddish brown color, and when fresh of the consistence of honey, obtained from a bag being behind the navel of the male musk deer. It has a slightly bitter taste, but is specially remarkable for its powerful and enduring odor. It is used in medicine as a stimulant antispasmodic. The term is also applied to secretions of various other animals, having a similar odor.

2. (Zoöl.) The musk deer. See Musk deer (below).

3. The perfume emitted by musk, or any perfume somewhat similar.

4. (Bot.) (a) The musk plant (Mimulus moschatus). (b) A plant of the genus Erodium (E. moschatum); -- called also musky heron's-bill. (c) A plant of the genus Muscari; grape hyacinth.

Musk beaver (Zoöl.), muskrat (1). -- Musk beetle (Zoöl.), a European longicorn beetle (Aromia moschata), having an agreeable odor resembling that of attar of roses. -- Musk cat. See Bondar. -- Musk cattle (Zoöl.), musk oxen. See Musk ox (below). -- Musk deer (Zoöl.), a small hornless deer (Moschus moschiferus), which inhabits the elevated parts of Central Asia. The upper canine teeth of the male are developed into sharp tusks, curved downward. The male has scent bags on the belly, from which the musk of commerce is derived. The deer is yellow or red-brown above, whitish below. The pygmy musk deer are chevrotains, as the kanchil and napu. -- Musk duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The Muscovy duck. (b) An Australian duck (Biziura lobata). -- Musk lorikeet (Zoöl.), the Pacific lorikeet (Glossopsitta australis) of Australia. -- Musk mallow (Bot.), a name of two malvaceous plants: (a) A species of mallow (Malva moschata), the foliage of which has a faint musky smell. (b) An Asiatic shrub. See Abelmosk. - - Musk orchis (Bot.), a European plant of the Orchis family (Herminium Minorchis); -- so called from its peculiar scent. -- Musk ox (Zoöl.), an Arctic hollow-horned ruminant (Ovibos moschatus), now existing only in America, but found fossil in Europe and Asia. It is covered with a thick coat of fine yellowish wool, and with long dark hair, which is abundant and shaggy on the neck and shoulders. The full-grown male weighs over four hundred pounds. -- Musk parakeet. (Zoöl.) Same as Musk lorikeet (above). -- Musk pear (Bot.), a fragrant kind of pear much resembling the Seckel pear. -- Musk plant (Bot.), the Mimulus moschatus, a plant found in Western North America, often cultivated, and having a strong musky odor. -- Musk root (Bot.), the name of several roots with a strong odor, as that of the nard (Nardostachys Jatamansi) and of a species of Angelica. -- Musk rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa moschata), having peculiarly fragrant white blossoms. -- Musk seed (Bot.), the seed of a plant of the Mallow family (Hibiscus moschatus), used in perfumery and in flavoring. See Abelmosk. -- Musk sheep (Zoöl.), the musk ox. -- Musk shrew (Zoöl.), a shrew (Sorex murinus), found in India. It has a powerful odor of musk. Called also sondeli, and mondjourou. -- Musk thistle (Bot.), a species of thistle (Carduus nutans), having fine large flowers, and leaves smelling strongly of musk. -- Musk tortoise, Musk turtle (Zoöl.), a small American fresh- water tortoise (Armochelys, or Ozotheca, odorata), which has a distinct odor of musk; -- called also stinkpot.

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Musk (msk), v. t. To perfume with musk.

Mus"ka*del` (ms"k*dl`), n. See Muscadel.

Mus"kat (ms"kt), n. See Muscat.

Mus"kel*lunge (?), n. [From the Amer. Indian name.] (Zoöl.) A large American pike (Esox nobilior) found in the Great Lakes, and other Northern lakes, and in the St. Lawrence River. It is valued as a food fish. [Written also maskallonge, maskinonge, muskallonge, muskellonge, and muskelunjeh.]

Mus"ket (?), n. [F. mousquet, It. moschetto, formerly, a kind of hawk; cf. OF. mousket, moschet, a kind of hawk falcon, F. mouchet, prop., a little fly (the hawk prob. being named from its size), fr. L. musca a fly. Cf. Mosquito.] [Sometimes written also musquet.] 1. (Zoöl.) The male of the sparrow hawk.

2. A species of firearm formerly carried by the infantry of an army. It was originally fired by means of a match, or matchlock, for which several mechanical appliances (including the flintlock, and finally the percussion lock) were successively substituted. This arm has been generally superseded by the rifle.

Mus`ket*eer" (?), n. [F. mousquetaire; cf. It. moschettiere.] A soldier armed with a musket.

Mus*ke"to (?), n. See Mosquito.

Mus`ket*oon" (?), n. [F. mousqueton; cf. It. moschettone.] 1. A short musket.

2. One who is armed with such a musket.

Mus"ket*ry (?), n. [F. mousqueterie; cf. It. moschetteria.] 1. Muskets, collectively.

2. The fire of muskets. Motley.

Musk"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being musky; the scent of musk.

Musk"mel`on (?), n. [Musk + melon.] (Bot.) The fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (Cucumis Melo), having a peculiar aromatic flavor, and cultivated in many varieties, the principal sorts being the cantaloupe (Cucumis Melo cantalupensis), of oval form and yellowish flesh, and the smaller nutmeg melon with greenish flesh. See Illust. of Melon.

Mus*ko"gees (?), n. pl.; sing. Muskogee (&?;). (Ethnol.) A powerful tribe of North American Indians that formerly occupied the region of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. They constituted a large part of the Creek confederacy. [Written also Muscogees.]

Musk"rat` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent (Fiber zibethicus). It resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but the tail is compressed, the hind feet are webbed, and the ears are concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which secrete a substance having a strong odor of musk. Called also musquash, musk beaver, and ondatra.

2. (Zoöl.) The musk shrew.

3. (Zoöl.) The desman.

Musk"wood` (?), n. [So called from its fragrance.] (Bot.) (a) The wood of a West Indian tree of the Mahogany family (Moschoxylum Swartzii). (b) The wood of an Australian tree (Eurybia argophylla).

Musk"y (?), a. Having an odor of musk, or somewhat the like. Milton.

Mus"lim (?), n. See Moslem.

Mus"lin (?), n. [F. mousseline; cf. It. mussolino, mussolo, Sp. muselina; all from Mussoul a city of Mesopotamia, Ar. Mausil, Syr. Mauzol, Muzol, Mosul, where it was first manufactured. Cf. Mull a kind of cloth.] A thin cotton, white, dyed, or printed. The name is also applied to coarser and heavier cotton goods; as, shirting and sheeting muslins.

Muslin cambric. See Cambric. -- Muslin delaine, a light woolen fabric for women's dresses. See Delaine. [Written also mousseline de laine.]

Mus`lin*et" (?), n. [F. mousselinette.] A sort of coarse or light cotton cloth.

Mus"mon (?), n. [L. musmo, musimo, a Sardinian animal; cf. Gr. moy`smwn.] (Zoöl.) See Mouflon.

Mu`so*ma"ni*a (?), n. See Musicomania.

Mus"quash (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zoöl.) See Muskrat.

Musquash root (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant (Cicuta maculata), having a poisonous root. See Water hemlock.

||Mus"quaw (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zoöl.) The American black ||bear. See Bear.

Mus"quet (?), n. See Musket.

Mus*qui"to (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Mosquito.

{ Mus"role, Mus"rol } (?), n. [F. muserolle, fr. muserau a muzzle, OF. musel. See Muzzle.] The nose band of a horse's bridle.

Muss (?), n. [Cf. OF. mousche a fly, also, the play called muss, fr. L. musca a fly.] A scramble, as when small objects are thrown down, to be taken by those who can seize them; a confused struggle. Shak.

Muss, n. A state of confusion or disorder; -- prob. variant of mess, but influenced by muss, a scramble. [Colloq. U.S.]

Muss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mussing.] To disarrange, as clothing; to rumple. [Colloq. U.S.]

Muss, n. [Cf. OE. mus a mouse. See Mouse.] A term of endearment. [Obs.] See Mouse. B. Jonson.

Mus"sel (?), n. [See Muscle, 3.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of many species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Mytilus, and related genera, of the family Mytidæ. The common mussel (Mytilus edulis; see Illust. under Byssus), and the larger, or horse, mussel (Modiola modiolus), inhabiting the shores both of Europe and America, are edible. The former is extensively used as food in Europe.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Unio, and related fresh-water genera; -- called also river mussel. See Naiad, and Unio.

Mussel digger (Zoöl.), the grayback whale. See Gray whale, under Gray.

Mus`si*ta"tion (?), n. [L. mussitatio suppression of the voice, fr. mussitare to be silent, to murmur.] A speaking in a low tone; mumbling. [Obs.]

Mus"site (?), n. (Min.) A variety of pyroxene, from the Mussa Alp in Piedmont; diopside.

Mus"sul*man, n.; pl. Mussulmans (#). [Ar. muslimn, pl. of muslim: cf. F. & Sp. musulman. See Moslem.] A Mohammedan; a Moslem.

Mus`sul*man"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, the Mussulmans, or their customs: Mohammedan.

Mus"sul*man*ish (?), a. Mohammedan.

Mus"sul*man*ism (?), n. Mohammedanism.

Mus"sul*man*ly, adv. In the manner of Moslems.

Muss"y (?), a. [From 2d Muss.] Disarranged; rumpled. [Colloq. U.S.]

Must (mst), v. i. or auxiliary. [OE. moste, a pret. generally meaning, could, was free to, pres. mot, moot, AS. mste, pret. mt, pres.; akin to D. moetan to be obliged, OS. mtan to be free, to be obliged, OHG. muozan, G. müssen to be obliged, Sw. måste must, Goth. gamtan to have place, have room, to able; of unknown origin.] 1. To be obliged; to be necessitated; - - expressing either physical or moral necessity; as, a man must eat for nourishment; we must submit to the laws.

2. To be morally required; to be necessary or essential to a certain quality, character, end, or result; as, he must reconsider the matter; he must have been insane.

Likewise must the deacons be grave.

1 Tim. iii. 8.

Morover, he [a bishop] must have a good report of them which are without.

1 Tim. iii. 7.

The principal verb, if easily supplied by the mind, was formerly often omitted when must was used; as, I must away. "I must to Coventry." Shak.

Must, n. [AS. must, fr. L. mustum (sc. vinum), from mustus young, new, fresh. Cf. Mustard.] 1. The expressed juice of the grape, or other fruit, before fermentation. "These men ben full of must." Wyclif (Acts ii. 13. ).

No fermenting must fills . . . the deep vats.

Longfellow.

2. [Cf. Musty.] Mustiness.

Must, v. t. & i. To make musty; to become musty.

Mus"tac (?), n. [F. moustac.] (Zoöl.) A small tufted monkey.

Mus*tache" (ms*tsh"; 277), n.; pl. Mustaches (&?;). [Written also moustache.] [F. moustache, It. mostaccio visage, mostacchio mustache, fr. Gr. my`stax upper lip and the beard upon it; cf. ma`stax mouth: cf. Sp. mostacho.] 1. That part of the beard which grows on the upper lip; hair left growing above the mouth.

2. (Zoöl.) A West African monkey (Cercopithecus cephus). It has yellow whiskers, and a triangular blue mark on the nose.

3. (Zoöl.) Any conspicuous stripe of color on the side of the head, beneath the eye of a bird.

Mus*ta"cho (?), n.; pl. Mustachios (&?;). A mustache. Longfellow.

Mus*ta"choed (?), a. Having mustachios.

Mus`ta*i"ba (?), n. A close- grained, heavy wood of a brownish color, brought from Brazil, and used in turning, for making the handles of tools, and the like. [Written also mostahiba.] MaElrath.

Mus"tang (?), n. [Sp. musteño belonging to the graziers, strayed, wild.] (Zoöl.) The half-wild horse of the plains in Mexico, California, etc. It is small, hardy, and easily sustained.

Mustard grape (Bot.), a species of grape (Vitis candicans), native in Arkansas and Texas. The berries are small, light-colored, with an acid skin and a sweet pulp.

Mus"tard (?), n. [OF. moustarde, F. moutarde, fr. L. mustum must, -- mustard was prepared for use by being mixed with must. See Must, n.] 1. (Bot.) The name of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica (formerly Sinapis), as white mustard (B. alba), black mustard (B. Nigra), wild mustard or charlock (B. Sinapistrum).

There are also many herbs of the same family which are called mustard, and have more or less of the flavor of the true mustard; as, bowyer's mustard (Lepidium ruderale); hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale); Mithridate mustard (Thlaspi arvense); tower mustard (Arabis perfoliata); treacle mustard (Erysimum cheiranthoides).

2. A powder or a paste made from the seeds of black or white mustard, used as a condiment and a rubefacient. Taken internally it is stimulant and diuretic, and in large doses is emetic.

Mustard oil (Chem.), a substance obtained from mustard, as a transparent, volatile and intensely pungent oil. The name is also extended to a number of analogous compounds produced either naturally or artificially.

Mus*tee" (?), n. See Mestee.

Mus"te*line (?), a. [L. mustelinus, fr. mustela weasel.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the family Mustelidæ, or the weasels and martens.

Mus"ter (?), n. [OE. moustre, OF. mostre, moustre, F. montre, LL. monstra. See Muster, v. t.] 1. Something shown for imitation; a pattern. [Obs.]

2. A show; a display. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. An assembling or review of troops, as for parade, verification of numbers, inspection, exercise, or introduction into service.

The hurried muster of the soldiers of liberty.

Hawthorne.

See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings.

Milton.

4. The sum total of an army when assembled for review and inspection; the whole number of effective men in an army.

And the muster was thirty thousands of men.

Wyclif.

Ye publish the musters of your own bands, and proclaim them to amount of thousands.

Hooker.

5. Any assemblage or display; a gathering.

Of the temporal grandees of the realm, mentof their wives and daughters, the muster was great and splendid.

Macaulay.

Muster book, a book in which military forces are registered. -- Muster file, a muster roll. -- Muster master (Mil.), one who takes an account of troops, and of their equipment; a mustering officer; an inspector. [Eng.] -- Muster roll (Mil.), a list or register of all the men in a company, troop, or regiment, present or accounted for on the day of muster. -- To pass muster, to pass through a muster or inspection without censure.

Such excuses will not pass muster with God.

South.

Mus"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mustered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mustering.] [OE. mustren, prop., to show, OF. mostrer, mustrer, moustrer, monstrer, F. montrer, fr. L. monstrare to show. See Monster.] 1. To collect and display; to assemble, as troops for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like. Spenser.

2. Hence: To summon together; to enroll in service; to get together. "Mustering all its force." Cowper.

All the gay feathers he could muster.

L'Estrange.

To muster troops into service (Mil.), to inspect and enter troops on the muster roll of the army. -- To muster troops out of service (Mil.), to register them for final payment and discharge. -- To muster up, to gather up; to succeed in obtaining; to obtain with some effort or difficulty.

One of those who can muster up sufficient sprightliness to engage in a game of forfeits.

Hazlitt.

Mus"ter, v. i. To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like; to come together as parts of a force or body; as, his supporters mustered in force. "The mustering squadron." Byron.

Mus"ti*ly (?), a. In a musty state.

Mus"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being musty.

Mus"ty (?), a. [Compar. Mustier (?); superl. Mustiest.] [From L. mustum must; or perh. fr. E. moist. Cf. Must, n., Moist.] 1. Having the rank, pungent, offensive odor and taste which substances of organic origin acquire during warm, moist weather; foul or sour and fetid; moldy; as, musty corn; musty books. Harvey.

2. Spoiled by age; rank; stale.

The proverb is somewhat musty.

Shak.

3. Dull; heavy; spiritless. "That he may not grow musty and unfit for conversation." Addison.

Mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. mutabilitas: cf. F. mutabilité.] The quality of being mutable, or subject to change or alteration, either in form, state, or essential character; susceptibility of change; changeableness; inconstancy; variation.

Plato confessed that the heavens and the frame of the world are corporeal, and therefore subject to mutability.

Stillingfleet.

Mu"ta*ble (?), a. [L. mutabilis, fr. mutare to change. See Move.] 1. Capable of alteration; subject to change; changeable in form, qualities, or nature.

Things of the most accidental and mutable nature.

South.

2. Changeable; inconstant; unsettled; unstable; fickle. "Most mutable wishes." Byron.

Syn. -- Changeable; alterable; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering; inconstant; variable; fickle.

Mu"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being mutable.

Mu"ta*bly, adv. Changeably.

Mu"ta*cism (?), n. See Mytacism.

Mu"tage (?), n. [F.] A process for checking the fermentation of the must of grapes.

<! p. 958 !>

||Mu*tan"dum (m*tn"dm), n.; pl. Mutanda (#). [L., fr. mutare to ||change.] A thing which is to be changed; something which must be ||altered; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Mu*ta"tion (m*t"shn), n. [L. mutatio, fr. mutare to change: cf. F. mutation. See Mutable.] Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.

The vicissitude or mutations in the superior globe are no fit matter for this present argument.

Bacon.

Mutch (much), n. [Cf. D. mutse a cap, G. mütze. Cf. Amice a cape.] The close linen or muslin cap of an old woman. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Mutch"kin (?), n. A liquid measure equal to four gills, or an imperial pint. [Scot.]

Mute (mt), v. t. [L. mutare to change. See Molt.] To cast off; to molt.

Have I muted all my feathers?

Beau. & Fl.

Mute, v. t. & i. [F. mutir, émeutir, OF. esmeltir, fr. OD. smelten, prop., to melt. See Smelt.] To eject the contents of the bowels; -- said of birds. B. Jonson.

Mute, n. The dung of birds. Hudibras.

Mute, a. [L. mutus; cf. Gr. &?; to shut, Skr. m&?;ta bound, m&?;ka dumb: cf. OE. muet, fr. F. muet, a dim. of OF. mu, L. mutus.] 1. Not speaking; uttering no sound; silent.

All the heavenly choir stood mute, And silence was in heaven.

Milton.

In law a prisoner is said to stand mute, when, upon being arranged, he makes no answer, or does not plead directly, or will not put himself on trial.

2. Incapable of speaking; dumb. Dryden.

3. Not uttered; unpronounced; silent; also, produced by complete closure of the mouth organs which interrupt the passage of breath; -- said of certain letters. See 5th Mute, 2.

4. Not giving a ringing sound when struck; -- said of a metal.

Mute swan (Zoöl.), a European wild white swan (Cygnus gibbus), which produces no loud notes.

Syn. -- Silent; dumb; speechless. -- Mute, Silent, Dumb. One is silent who does not speak; one is dumb who can not, for want of the proper organs; as, a dumb beast, etc.; and hence, figuratively, we speak of a person as struck dumb with astonishment, etc. One is mute who is held back from speaking by some special cause; as, he was mute through fear; mute astonishment, etc. Such is the case with most of those who never speak from childhood; they are not ordinarily dumb, but mute because they are deaf, and therefore never learn to talk; and hence their more appropriate name is deaf-mutes.

They spake not a word; But, like dumb statues, or breathing stones, Gazed each on other.

Shak.

All sat mute, Pondering the danger with deep thoughts.

Milton.

Mute, n. 1. One who does not speak, whether from physical inability, unwillingness, or other cause. Specifically: (a) One who, from deafness, either congenital or from early life, is unable to use articulate language; a deaf-mute. (b) A person employed by undertakers at a funeral. (c) A person whose part in a play does not require him to speak. (d) Among the Turks, an officer or attendant who is selected for his place because he can not speak.

2. (Phon.) A letter which represents no sound; a silent letter; also, a close articulation; an element of speech formed by a position of the mouth organs which stops the passage of the breath; as, p, b, d, k, t.

3. (Mus.) A little utensil made of brass, ivory, or other material, so formed that it can be fixed in an erect position on the bridge of a violin, or similar instrument, in order to deaden or soften the tone.

Mute"-hill` (?), n. See Moot- hill. [Scot.]

Mute"ly, adv. Without uttering words or sounds; in a mute manner; silently.

Mute"ness, n. The quality or state of being mute; speechlessness.

{ Mu"tic (?), Mu"ti*cous (?), } a. [L. muticus, for mutilus. See Mutilate.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Without a point or pointed process; blunt.

Mu"ti*late (?), a. [L. mutilatus, p. p. of mutilare to mutilate, fr. mutilus maimed; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;. Cf. Mutton.] 1. Deprived of, or having lost, an important part; mutilated. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.) Having finlike appendages or flukes instead of legs, as a cetacean.

Mu"ti*late, n. (Zoöl.) A cetacean, or a sirenian.

Mu"ti*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mutilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mutilating (?).] 1. To cut off or remove a limb or essential part of; to maim; to cripple; to hack; as, to mutilate the body, a statue, etc.

2. To destroy or remove a material part of, so as to render imperfect; as, to mutilate the orations of Cicero.

Among the mutilated poets of antiquity, there is none whose fragments are so beautiful as those of Sappho.

Addison.

Mutilated gear, Mutilated wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel from a portion of whose periphery the cogs are omitted. It is used for giving intermittent movements.

Mu`ti*la"tion (?), n. [L. mutilatio: cf. F. mutilation.] The act of mutilating, or the state of being mutilated; deprivation of a limb or of an essential part.

Mu"ti*la"tor (?), n. [Cf. F. mutilateur.] One who mutilates.

Mu"ti*lous (?), a. [L. mutilus. See Mutilate.] Mutilated; defective; imperfect. [Obs.]

Mu"tine (?), n. [F. mutin.] A mutineer. [Obs.]

Mu"tine, v. i. [F. mutiner.] To mutiny. [Obs.]

Mu"ti*neer` (?), n. [See Mutiny.] One guilty of mutiny.

Mut"ing (?), n. Dung of birds.

Mu"ti*nous (?), a. [See Mutiny.] Disposed to mutiny; in a state of mutiny; characterized by mutiny; seditious; insubordinate.

The city was becoming mutinous.

Macaulay.

-- Mu"ti*nous*ly, adv. -- Mu"ti*nous*ness, n.

Mu"ti*ny (?), n.; pl. Mutinies (#). [From mutine to mutiny, fr. F. se mutiner, fr. F. mutin stubborn, mutinous, fr. OF. meute riot, LL. movita, fr. movitus, for L. motus, p. p. of movere to move. See Move.] 1. Insurrection against constituted authority, particularly military or naval authority; concerted revolt against the rules of discipline or the lawful commands of a superior officer; hence, generally, forcible resistance to rightful authority; insubordination.

In every mutiny against the discipline of the college, he was the ringleader.

Macaulay.

2. Violent commotion; tumult; strife. [Obs.]

To raise a mutiny betwixt yourselves.

Shak.

Mutiny act (Law), an English statute reënacted annually to punish mutiny and desertion. Wharton.

Syn. -- See Insurrection.

Mu"ti*ny, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Mutinied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mutinying (?).] 1. To rise against, or refuse to obey, lawful authority in military or naval service; to excite, or to be guilty of, mutiny or mutinous conduct; to revolt against one's superior officer, or any rightful authority.

2. To fall into strife; to quarrel. [Obs.] Shak.

Mut"ism (?), n. The condition, state, or habit of being mute, or without speech. Max Müller.

Mut"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Muttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muttering.] [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. L. muttire, mutire.] 1. To utter words indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly closed; esp., to utter indistinct complaints or angry expressions; to grumble; to growl.

Wizards that peep, and that mutter.

Is. viii. 19.

Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare, And mutter to himself.

Dryden.

2. To sound with a low, rumbling noise.

Thick lightnings flash, the muttering thunder rolls.

Pope.

Mut"ter, v. t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low voice; as, to mutter threats. Shak.

Mut"ter, n. Repressed or obscure utterance.

Mut"ter*er (?), n. One who mutters.

Mut"ter*ing*ly, adv. With a low voice and indistinct articulation; in a muttering manner.

Mut"ton (?), n. [OE. motoun, OF. moton, molton, a sheep, wether, F. mouton, LL. multo, by transposition of l fr. L. mutilus mutilated. See Mutilate.] 1. A sheep. [Obs.] Chapman.

Not so much ground as will feed a mutton.

Sir H. Sidney.

Muttons, beeves, and porkers are good old words for the living quadrupeds.

Hallam.

2. The flesh of a sheep.

The fat of roasted mutton or beef.

Swift.

3. A loose woman; a prostitute. [Obs.]

Mutton bird (Zoöl.), the Australian short-tailed petrel (Nectris brevicaudus). -- Mutton chop, a rib of mutton for broiling, with the end of the bone at the smaller part chopped off. -- Mutton fish (Zoöl.), the American eelpout. See Eelpout. -- Mutton fist, a big brawny fist or hand. [Colloq.] Dryden. -- Mutton monger, a pimp. [Low & Obs.] Chapman. -- To return to one's muttons. [A translation of a phrase from a farce by De Brueys, revenons à nos moutons let us return to our sheep.] To return to one's topic, subject of discussion, etc. [Humorous]

I willingly return to my muttons.

H. R. Haweis.

Mut"ton*y (?), a. Like mutton; having a flavor of mutton.

Mu"tu*al (?), a. [F. mutuel, L. mutuus, orig., exchanged, borrowed, lent; akin to mutare to change. See Mutable.] 1. Reciprocally acting or related; reciprocally receiving and giving; reciprocally given and received; reciprocal; interchanged; as, a mutual love, advantage, assistance, aversion, etc.

Conspiracy and mutual promise.

Sir T. More.

Happy in our mutual help, And mutual love.

Milton.

A certain shyness on such subjects, which was mutual between the sisters.

G. Eliot.

2. Possessed, experienced, or done by two or more persons or things at the same time; common; joint; as, mutual happiness; a mutual effort. Burke.

A vast accession of misery and woe from the mutual weeping, and wailing, and gnashing of teeth.

Bentley.

This use of mutual as synonymous with common is inconsistent with the idea of interchange, or reciprocal relation, which properly belongs to it; but the word has been so used by many writers of high authority. The present tendency is toward a careful discrimination.

Mutual, as Johnson will tell us, means something reciprocal, a giving and taking. How could people have mutual ancestors?

P. Harrison.

Mutual insurance, agreement among a number of persons to insure each other against loss, as by fire, death, or accident. -- Mutual insurance company, one which does a business of insurance on the mutual principle, the policy holders sharing losses and profits pro rata.

Syn. -- Reciprocal; interchanged; common.

Mu"tu*al*ism (?), n. (Ethics) The doctrine of mutual dependence as the condition of individual and social welfare. F. Harrison. H. Spencer. Mallock.

Mu`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. mutualité.] 1. The quality of correlation; reciprocation; interchange; interaction; interdependence.

2. (Law) Reciprocity of consideration. Wharton.

Mu"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a mutual manner.

Mu"tu*a*ry (?), n. [L. mutuarius mutual.See Mutuation.] (Law) One who borrows personal chattels which are to be consumed by him, and which he is to return or repay in kind. Bouvier.

Mu`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. mutuatio, fr. mutuare, mutuari, to borrow, fr. mutuus. See Mutual.] The act of borrowing or exchanging. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Mu"tule (?), n. [F., fr. L. mutulus.] (Arch.) A projecting block worked under the corona of the Doric corice, in the same situation as the modillion of the Corinthian and Composite orders. See Illust. of Gutta. Oxf. Gloss.

Mux (?), n. [Cf. Mixen.] Dirt; filth; muck. [Prov. Eng.] ose.

Mux, v. t. To mix in an untidy and offensive way; to make a mess of. [Prov. Eng.; Colloq. U.S.]

Mux"y (?), a. Soft; sticky, and dirty. [Prov. Eng.] See Mucky.

Muz"a*rab (?), n. [Sp. mozarabe, fr. Ar. mosta'rib, a name applied to strange tribes living among the Arabs.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a denomination of Christians formerly living under the government of the Moors in Spain, and having a liturgy and ritual of their own. [Written also Mozarab, Mostarab.] Brande & C.

Muz`a*rab"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Muzarabs; as, the Muzarabic liturgy. [Written also Mozarabic.]

Muz"zi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being muzzy.

Muz"zle (?), n. [OE. mosel, OF. musel, F. museau muzzle or snout, LL. musellus, fr. musus, morsus. See Muse, v. i., and cf. Morsel.] 1. The projecting mouth and nose of a quadruped, as of a horse; a snout.

2. The mouth of a thing; the end for entrance or discharge; as, the muzzle of a gun.

3. A fastening or covering (as a band or cage) for the mouth of an animal, to prevent eating or vicious biting.

With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound

Dryden.

Muzzle sight. (Gun.) See Dispart, n., 2.

Muz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Muzzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Muzzling (?).] [F. museler.] 1. To bind the mouth of; to fasten the mouth of, so as to prevent biting or eating; hence, figuratively, to bind; to sheathe; to restrain from speech or action. "My dagger muzzled." Shak.

Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn.

Deut. xxv. 4.

2. To fondle with the closed mouth. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Muz"zle, v. i. To bring the mouth or muzzle near.

The bear muzzles and smells to him.

L'Estrange.

Muz"zle-load`er (?), n. A firearm which receives its charge through the muzzle, as distinguished from one which is loaded at the breech.

Muz"zle-load`ing, a. Receiving its charge through the muzzle; as, a muzzle-loading rifle.

Muz"zy (?), a. [Cf. F. muse.] Absent-minded; dazed; muddled; stupid.

The whole company stared at me with a whimsical, muzzy look, like men whose senses were a little obfuscated by beer rather than wine.

W. Irving.

My (?), a. & poss. pron. [OE. mi, fr. min. See Mine, and cf., for loss of n, A, a., An, a.] Of or belonging to me; -- used always attributively; as, my body; my book; -- mine is used in the predicate; as, the book is mine. See Mine.

||My"a (?), n. [L. mya a kind of mussel.] (Zoöl.) A genus of bivalve ||mollusks, including the common long, or soft-shelled, clam.

||My*al"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; muscle + &?; pain.] (Med.) Pain ||in the muscles; muscular rheumatism or neuralgia.

My*all" wood` (?). (Bot.) A durable, fragrant, and dark-colored Australian wood, used by the natives for spears. It is obtained from the small tree Acacia homolophylla.

||My*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of bivalve mollusks of ||which the common clam (Mya) is the type.

||My*ce"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. my`khs a mushroom.] (Bot.) The ||white threads or filamentous growth from which a mushroom or fungus ||is developed; the so-called mushroom spawn. -- My*ce"li*al (#), a.

Myc"e*loid (?), a. [Mycelium + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling mycelium.

||My*ce"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. mykhth`s a bellower, fr. myka^sqai to ||bellow.] (Zoöl.) A genus of South American monkeys, including the ||howlers. See Howler, 2, and Illust.

Myc"e*toid (?), [Gr. my`khs, -htos, a fungus + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus.

||My`co*der"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. my`khs a fungus + de`rma skin.] ||1. (Biol.) One of the forms in which bacteria group themselves; a ||more or less thick layer of motionless but living bacteria, formed by ||the bacteria uniting on the surface of the fluid in which they are ||developed. This production differs from the zoöglœa stage of bacteria ||by not having the intermediary mucous substance.

2. A genus of microörganisms of which the acetic ferment (Mycoderma aceti), which converts alcoholic fluids into vinegar, is a representative. Cf. Mother.

{ My`co*log"ic (?), My`co*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or relating to mycology, or the fungi.

My*col"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in, or who studies, mycology.

My*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. my`khs fungus + -logy.] That branch of botanical science which relates to the mushrooms and other fungi.

My`co*mel"ic (?), a. [Gr. (spurious) my^kos mucus (L. mucus) + me`li honey.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid of the alloxan group, obtained as a honey-yellow powder. Its solutions have a gelatinous consistency.

My`co*pro"te*in (?), n. [Gr. (spurious) my^kos mucus (L. mucus) + E. protein.] (Biol.) The protoplasmic matter of which bacteria are composed.

My"cose (-ks), n. [Gr. my`khs a mushroom.] (Chem.) A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. Called also trehalose. [Written also mykose.]

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||Myc"o*thrix (mk"*thrks), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (spurious) my`khs mucus (L. ||mucus) + qri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Biol.) The chain of micrococci ||formed by the division of the micrococci in multiplication.

My*da"le*ine (?), n. [Gr. myda^n to be clammy (from decay).] (Physiol. Chem.) A toxic alkaloid (ptomaine) obtained from putrid flesh and from herring brines. As a poison it is said to execute profuse diarrhœa, vomiting, and intestinal inflammation. Brieger.

Myd`a*tox"in (?), n. [Gr. myda^n to be clammy (from decay) + toxic + in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous amido acid, C6H13NO2, separated by Brieger from decaying horseflesh. In physiological action, it is similar to curare.

||Myd"a*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. myda^n to be clammy or damp.] (Zoöl.) ||The teledu.

||My*dri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Physiol. & Med.) A ||long-continued or excessive dilatation of the pupil of the eye.

Myd`ri*at"ic (?), a. Causing dilatation of the pupil. -- n. A mydriatic medicine or agent, as belladonna.

||My`e*len*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Myelencephalon.] (Zoöl.) Same ||as Vertebrata.

My`e*len`ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the myelencephalon; cerebro- spinal.

||My`e*len*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. myelo`s marrow + E. ||encephalon.] (Anat.) (a) The brain and spinal cord; the ||cerebro-spinal axis; the neuron. Sometimes abbreviated to ||myelencephal. (b) The metencephalon. Huxley.

My`e*len*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Myelencephala.

My"e*lin (?), n. [Gr. marrow.] (Physiol. Chem.) (a) A soft white substance constituting the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers, and composed mainly of cholesterin, lecithin, cerebrin, albumin, and some fat. (b) One of a group of phosphorized principles occurring in nerve tissue, both in the brain and nerve fibers.

||My`e*li"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. myelo`s marrow + -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the spinal marrow or its membranes.

My"e*lo*cœle` (?), n. [Gr. myelo`s marrow + koi^los hollow.] (Anat.) The central canal of the spinal cord.

My`e*lo*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. myelo`s marrow + the root of &?; to be born.] (Physiol.) Derived from, or pertaining to, the bone marrow.

My"e*loid (?), a. [Gr. myelo`s marrow + -oid.] Resembling marrow in appearance or consistency; as, a myeloid tumor.

My`e*loid"in (?), n. [Myelin + -oid + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, present in the protoplasm of the retinal epithelium cells, and resembling, if not identical with, the substance (myelin) forming the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers.

||My"e*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. myelo`s marrow.] (Anat.) The spinal ||cord. (Sometimes abbrev. to myel.)

My"e*lo`nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the myelon; as, the myelonal, or spinal, nerves.

||My`e*lo*neu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. myelo`s + ney^ron a nerve.] ||(Zoöl.) The Vertebrata.

||My*el"o*plax (?), n.; pl. E. Myeloplaxes (#), L. Myeloplaces (#). ||[NL., fr. Gr. myelo`s marrow + &?; anything flat and broad.] (Anat.) ||One of the huge multinucleated cells found in the marrow of bone and ||occasionally in other parts; a giant cell. See Osteoclast.

||Myg"a*le (?), n. [L., a field mouse, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||very large hairy spiders having four lungs and only four spinnerets. ||They do not spin webs, but usually construct tubes in the earth, ||which are often furnished with a trapdoor. The South American bird ||spider (Mygale avicularia), and the crab spider, or matoutou (M. ||cancerides) are among the largest species. Some of the species are ||erroneously called tarantulas, as the Texas tarantula (M. Hentzii).

Myl"o*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; a mill + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of large slothlike American edentates, allied to Megatherium.

My`lo*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; the molar teeth + E. hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the lower jaw and the hyoid apparatus; as, the mylohyoid nerve.

My"na (?), n. [See Mino bird.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic starlings of the genera Acridotheres, Sturnopastor, Sturnia, Gracula, and allied genera. In habits they resemble the European starlings, and like them are often caged and taught to talk. See Hill myna, under Hill, and Mino bird. [Spelt also mynah.]

Myn"chen (?), n. [AS. mynecen, fr. munec monk. See Monk.] A nun. [Obs.]

Myn"cher*y (?), n. A nunnery; -- a term still applied to the ruins of certain nunneries in England.

Myn*heer" (?), n. [D. mijnheer.] The Dutch equivalent of Mr. or Sir; hence, a Dutchman.

My"o- (?). A combining form of Gr. &?;, &?;, a muscle; as, myograph, myochrome.

||My`o*car*di"tis (?), n. [NL. see Myocardium.] (Med.) Inflammation of ||the myocardium.

||My`o*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, muscle + &?; heart.] ||(Anat.) The main substance of the muscular wall of the heart inclosed ||between the epicardium and endocardium.

My"o*chrome (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. &?; color.] (Physiol.) A colored albuminous substance in the serum from red-colored muscles. It is identical with hemoglobin.

||My`o*com"ma (?), n.; pl. L. Myocommata (#), E. Myocommas (#). [NL. ||See Myo-, and Comma.] (Anat.) A myotome.

My`o*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Myo- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The department of physiology which deals with the principles of muscular contraction; the exercise of muscular force or contraction.

My`o*dy*na`mi*om"e*ter (?), n. A myodynamometer.

My`o*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Myo- + E. dynamometer.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the muscular strength of man or of other animals; a dynamometer. Dunglison.

My`o*ep`i*the"li*al (?), a. [Myo- + epithelial.] 1. (Biol.) Derived from epithelial cells and destined to become a part of the muscular system; -- applied to structural elements in certain embryonic forms.

2. (Zoöl.) Having the characteristics of both muscle and epithelium; as, the myoepithelial cells of the hydra.

My*og"a*lid (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. &?; a weasel.] (Zoöl.) One of the Myogalodæ, a family of Insectivora, including the desman, and allied species.

My"o*gram (?), n. [Myo- + - gram.] (Physiol.) See Muscle curve, under Muscle.

My"o*graph (?), n. [Myo- + - graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for determining and recording the different phases, as the intensity, velocity, etc., of a muscular contraction.

{ My`o*graph"ic (?), My`o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to myography.

My*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. myographie.] The description of muscles, including the study of muscular contraction by the aid of registering apparatus, as by some form of myograph; myology.

My`o*hæm"a*tin (?), n. [Myo- + hæmatin.] (Physiol.) A red-colored respiratory pigment found associated with hemoglobin in the muscle tissue of a large number of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate.

My"oid (?), a. [Myo- + - oid.] Composed of, or resembling, muscular fiber.

||My`o*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a muscle + &?; skin.] ||(Anat.) Sarcolemma.

My"o*lin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, muscle.] (Physiol.) The essential material of muscle fibers.

{ My`o*log"ic (?), My`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to myology.

My*ol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in myology.

My*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Myo- + - logy: cf. F. myologie.] That part of anatomy which treats of muscles.

||My*o"ma (?), n. [NL. See Myo-, and -oma.] (Med.) A tumor consisting ||of muscular tissue.

My"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. my^s mouse + -mancy.] Divination by the movements of mice.

My"o*morph (?), n. One of the Myomorpha.

||My`o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. my^s, myo`s, a mouse + &?; ||form.] (Zoöl.) An extensive group of rodents which includes the rats, ||mice, jerboas, and many allied forms.

||My`o*pa*thi"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a muscle + &?;, &?;, to ||suffer.] (Med.) Any affection of the muscles or muscular system.

My`o*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to myopathia.

My*op"a*thy (?), n. Same as Myopathia.

My"ope (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; to close, shut the eyes + &?;, &?;, the eye.] A person having myopy; a myops.

My"o*phan (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. &?; to show.] (Zoöl.) A contractile striated layer found in the bodies and stems of certain Infusoria.

My*o"pi*a (?), n. [NL. See Myope.] (Med.) Nearsightedness; shortsightedness; a condition of the eye in which the rays from distant object are brought to a focus before they reach the retina, and hence form an indistinct image; while the rays from very near objects are normally converged so as to produce a distinct image. It is corrected by the use of a concave lens.

My*op"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or affected with, or characterized by, myopia; nearsighted.

Myopic astigmatism, a condition in which the eye is affected with myopia in one meridian only.

||My"ops (m"ps), n. [NL.] See Myope.

||My*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fly + &?; sight.] (Med.) The ||appearance of muscæ volitantes. See Muscæ volitantes, under Musca.

My"o*py (?), n. [F. myopie.] (Med.) Myopia.

My"o*sin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, a muscle.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous body present in dead muscle, being formed in the process of coagulation which takes place in rigor mortis; the clot formed in the coagulation of muscle plasma. See Muscle plasma, under Plasma.

Myosin belongs to the group of globulins. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solution of salt, and is especially characterized by being completely precipitated by saturation of its solutions with salt.

||My*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to close the eyes or lips.] (Med.) ||Long-continued contraction of the pupil of the eye.

My`o*sit"ic (?), a. (Med.) Myotic.

||My`o*si"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, muscle + -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the muscles.

||My`o*so"tis (?), n. [NL.; Gr. &?;, lit., mouse ear.] (Bot.) A genus ||of plants. See Mouse- ear.

My*ot"ic (?), a. [See Myosis.] (Med.) Producing myosis, or contraction of the pupil of the eye, as opium, calabar bean, etc. -- n. A myotic agent.

My"o*tome (?), n. [See Myotomy.] (Anat.) (a) A muscular segment; one of the zones into which the muscles of the trunk, especially in fishes, are divided; a myocomma. (b) One of the embryonic muscular segments arising from the protovertebræ; also, one of the protovertebræ themselves. (c) The muscular system of one metamere of an articulate.

My`o*tom"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a myotome or myotomes.

My*ot"o*my (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. &?; to cut: cf. F. myotomie.] The dissection, or that part of anatomy which treats of the dissection, of muscles.

||Myr"ci*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A large genus of tropical American ||trees and shrubs, nearly related to the true myrtles (Myrtus), from ||which they differ in having very few seeds in each berry.

Myr"i*a- (?). [Gr. &?; a myriad. See Myriad.] A prefix, esp. in the metric system, indicating ten thousand, ten thousand times; as, myriameter.

Myr`i*a*can"thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; numberless + 'a`kanqa a spine.] (Zoöl.) Having numerous spines, as certain fishes.

Myr"i*ad (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; numberless, pl. &?; ten thousand: cf. F. myriade.] 1. The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things.

2. An immense number; a very great many; an indefinitely large number.

Myr"i*ad, a. Consisting of a very great, but indefinite, number; as, myriad stars.

{ Myr"i*a*gram, Myr"i*a*gramme } (?), n. [F. myriagramme. See Myria-, and 3d Gram.] A metric weight, consisting of ten thousand grams or ten kilograms. It is equal to 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois.

{ Myr"i*a*li`ter, Myr"i*a*li`tre } (?), n. [F. myrialitre. See Myria-, and Liter.] A metric measure of capacity, containing ten thousand liters. It is equal to 2641.7 wine gallons.

{ Myr"i*a*me`ter, Myr"i*a*me`tre } (?), n. [F. myriamètre. See Myria-, and Meter.] A metric measure of length, containing ten thousand meters. It is equal to 6.2137 miles.

Myr"i*a*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. myriapode.] (Zoöl.) One of the Myriapoda.

||Myr`i*ap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; numberless + -poda.] ||(Zoöl.) A class, or subclass, of arthropods, related to the hexapod ||insects, from which they differ in having the body made up of ||numerous similar segments, nearly all of which bear true jointed ||legs. They have one pair of antennæ, three pairs of mouth organs, and ||numerous tracheæ, similar to those of true insects. The larvæ, when ||first hatched, often have but three pairs of legs. See Centiped, ||Galleyworm, Milliped.

The existing Myriapoda are divided into three orders: Chilopoda, Chilognatha or Diplopoda, and Pauropoda (see these words in the Vocabulary). Large fossil species (very different from any living forms) are found in the Carboniferous formation.

Myr"i*arch (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; ten thousand + &?; chief.] A captain or commander of ten thousand men.

Myr"i*are (?), n. [F. See Myria- , and 2d Are.] A measure of surface in the metric system containing ten thousand ares, or one million square meters. It is equal to about 247.1 acres.

||My*ri"ca (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; tamarisk.] (Bot.) A widely ||dispersed genus of shrubs and trees, usually with aromatic foliage. ||It includes the bayberry or wax myrtle, the sweet gale, and the North ||American sweet fern, so called.

Myr"i*cin (?), n. [Cf. F. myricine. Prob. so called from a fancied resemblance to the wax of the bayberry (Myrica).] (Chem.) A silky, crystalline, waxy substance, forming the less soluble part of beeswax, and regarded as a palmitate of a higher alcohol of the paraffin series; -- called also myricyl alcohol.

Myr"i*cyl (?), n. [Myricin + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical regarded as the essential residue of myricin; -- called also melissyl.

Myr`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a myriologue.

Myr`i*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who composes or sings a myriologue.

Myr"i*o*logue (?), n. [F. myriologue, myriologie, NGr. &?;, &?;, fr. Gr. Moi^ra the goddess of fate or death + lo`gos speech, discourse.] An extemporaneous funeral song, composed and sung by a woman on the death of a friend. [Modern Greece]

Myr`i*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; numberless + fy`llon leaf.] (Bot.) Having an indefinitely great or countless number of leaves.

||Myr`i*op"o*da (?), n. pl. See Myriapoda.

Myr`i*o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. &?; numberless + &?; a sight, fr. &?; to see.] A picture made up of several smaller pictures, drawn upon separate pieces in such a manner as to admit of combination in many different ways, thus producing a great variety of scenes or landscapes.

Myr"i*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; numberless + -scope.] A form of kaleidoscope.

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My*ris"tate (m*rs"tt), n. (Chem.) A salt of myristic acid.

My*ris"tic (m*rs"tk), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the nutmeg (Myristica). Specifically, designating an acid found in nutmeg oil and otoba fat, and extracted as a white crystalline waxy substance.

My*ris"tin (?), n. (Chem.) The myristate of glycerin, -- found as a vegetable fat in nutmeg butter, etc.

My*ris"tone (?), n. [Myristic + -one.] (Chem.) The ketone of myristic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Myr"mi*cine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Myrmica, a genus of ants including the small house ant (M. molesta), and many others.

Myr"mi*don (?), n. [L. Myrmidones, Gr. &?;, pl.] 1. One of a fierce tribe or troop who accompanied Achilles, their king, to the Trojan war.

2. A soldier or a subordinate civil officer who executes cruel orders of a superior without protest or pity; -- sometimes applied to bailiffs, constables, etc. Thackeray.

With unabated ardor the vindictive man of law and his myrmidons pressed forward.

W. H. Ainsworth.

Myr`mi*do"ni*an (?), a. Consisting of, or like, myrmidons. Pope.

Myr`mo*the"rine (?), a. [Gr. &?; an ant + &?; to hunt.] (Zoöl.) Feeding upon ants; -- said of certain birds.

{ My*rob"a*lan (?), My*rob"o*lan (?), } n. [L. myrobalanum the fruit of a palm tree from which a balsam was made, Gr. &?;; &?; any sweet juice distilling from plants, any prepared unguent or sweet oil + &?; an acorn or any similar fruit: cf. F. myrobolan.] A dried astringent fruit much resembling a prune. It contains tannin, and was formerly used in medicine, but is now chiefly used in tanning and dyeing. Myrobolans are produced by various species of Terminalia of the East Indies, and of Spondias of South America.

My*ron"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; a sweet- smelling unguent.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mustard; -- used specifically to designate a glucoside called myronic acid, found in mustard seed.

My*rop"o*list (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; unguent + &?; to sell.] One who sells unguents or perfumery. [Obs.] Jonhson.

Myr"o*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A ferment, resembling diastase, found in mustard seeds.

||My*rox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a sweet juice distilling from ||a plant + &?; wood.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous trees of tropical ||America, the different species of which yield balsamic products, ||among which are balsam of Peru, and balsam of Tolu. The species were ||formerly referred to Myrospermum.

Myrrh (?), n. [OE. mirre, OF. mirre, F. myrrhe, L. myrrha, murra, Gr. &?;; cf. Ar. murr bitter, also myrrh, Heb. mar bitter.] A gum resin, usually of a yellowish brown or amber color, of an aromatic odor, and a bitter, slightly pungent taste. It is valued for its odor and for its medicinal properties. It exudes from the bark of a shrub of Abyssinia and Arabia, the Balsamodendron Myrrha. The myrrh of the Bible is supposed to have been partly the gum above named, and partly the exudation of species of Cistus, or rockrose.

False myrrh. See the Note under Bdellium.

Myr"rhic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, myrrh.

Myr"rhine (?), a. Murrhine.

Myr*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. myrtaceus.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a large and important natural order of trees and shrubs (Myrtaceæ), of which the myrtle is the type. It includes the genera Eucalyptus, Pimenta, Lechythis, and about seventy more.

Myr"ti*form (?), a. [L. myrtus myrtle + -form: cf. F. myrtiforme.] Resembling myrtle or myrtle berries; having the form of a myrtle leaf.

Myr"tle (mr"t'l), n. [F. myrtil bilberry, prop., a little myrtle, from myrte myrtle, L. myrtus, murtus, Gr. my`rtos; cf. Per. mrd.] (Bot.) A species of the genus Myrtus, especially Myrtus communis. The common myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close, full head, thickly covered with ovate or lanceolate evergreen leaves. It has solitary axillary white or rosy flowers, followed by black several-seeded berries. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. The flowers, leaves, and berries are used variously in perfumery and as a condiment, and the beautifully mottled wood is used in turning.

The name is also popularly but wrongly applied in America to two creeping plants, the blue-flowered periwinkle and the yellow- flowered moneywort. In the West Indies several myrtaceous shrubs are called myrtle.

Bog myrtle, the sweet gale. -- Crape myrtle. See under Crape. -- Myrtle warbler (Zoöl.), a North American wood warbler (Dendroica coronata); -- called also myrtle bird, yellow-rumped warbler, and yellow- crowned warbler. -- Myrtle wax. (Bot.) See Bayberry tallow, under Bayberry. -- Sand myrtle, a low, branching evergreen shrub (Leiophyllum buxifolium), growing in New Jersey and southward. -- Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera). See Bayberry.

My*self" (?), pron.; pl. Ourselves (&?;). I or me in person; -- used for emphasis, my own self or person; as I myself will do it; I have done it myself; -- used also instead of me, as the object of the first person of a reflexive verb, without emphasis; as, I will defend myself.

My*selv"en (?), pron. Myself. [Obs.]

||My"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a closing of the lips or eyes.] ||(Zoöl.) A genus of small schizopod shrimps found both in fresh and ||salt water; the opossum shrimps. One species inhabits the Great Lakes ||of North America, and is largely eaten by the whitefish. The marine ||species form part of the food of right whales.

Mys"ta*cal (?), a. [Gr. my`stax mustache.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the upper lip, or mustache.

{ Mys`ta*gog"ic (?), Mys`ta*gog"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to interpretation of mysteries or to mystagogue; of the nature of mystagogy.

Mys"ta*gogue (?), n. [L. mystagogus, Gr. &?;; &?; one initiated in mysteries + &?; leading, n., a leader, fr. &?; to lead: cf. F. mystagogue. See 1st Mystery.] 1. One who interprets mysteries, especially of a religious kind.

2. One who keeps and shows church relics.

Mys"ta*go`gy (?), n. The doctrines, principles, or practice of a mystagogue; interpretation of mysteries.

Mys*te"ri*al (?), a. Mysterious. [Obs.]

Mys*te"ri*arch (?), n. [L. mysteriarches, Gr. &?;; &?; mystery + &?; chief.] One presiding over mysteries. [Obs.]

Mys*te"ri*ous (?), a. [F. mystèrieux. See 1st Mystery.] Of or pertaining to mystery; containing a mystery; difficult or impossible to understand; obscure; not revealed or explained; enigmatical; incomprehensible.

God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied, Thought in mysterious terms.

Milton.

Syn. -- Obscure; secret; occult; dark; mystic; cabalistic; enigmatical; unintelligible; incomprehensible.

Mys*te"ri*ous*ly, adv. In a mysterious manner.

Mys*te"ri*ous*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being mysterious.

2. Something mysterious; a mystery. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Mys"ter*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mysterized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mysterizing (?).] To make mysterious; to make a mystery of.

Mys"ter*y (ms"tr*), n.; pl. Mysteries (- z). [L. mysterium, Gr. mysth`rion, fr. my`sths one initiated in mysteries; cf. myei^n to initiate into the mysteries, fr. my`ein to shut the eyes. Cf. Mute, a.] 1. A profound secret; something wholly unknown, or something kept cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or wonder; something which has not been or can not be explained; hence, specifically, that which is beyond human comprehension.

We speak the wisdom of God in a mystery.

1 Cor. ii. 7.

If God should please to reveal unto us this great mystery of the Trinity, or some other mysteries in our holy religion, we should not be able to understand them, unless he would bestow on us some new faculties of the mind.

Swift.

2. A kind of secret religious celebration, to which none were admitted except those who had been initiated by certain preparatory ceremonies; -- usually plural; as, the Eleusinian mysteries.

3. pl. The consecrated elements in the eucharist.

4. Anything artfully made difficult; an enigma.

Mys"ter*y, n.; pl. Mysteries. [OE. mistere, OF. mestier, F. métier, L. ministerium. See Ministry.] 1. A trade; a handicraft; hence, any business with which one is usually occupied.

Fie upon him, he will discredit our mystery.

Shak.

And that which is the noblest mystery Brings to reproach and common infamy.

Spenser.

2. A dramatic representation of a Scriptural subject, often some event in the life of Christ; a dramatic composition of this character; as, the Chester Mysteries, consisting of dramas acted by various craft associations in that city in the early part of the 14th century.

"Mystery plays," so called because acted by craftsmen.

Skeat.

{ Mys"tic (?), Mys"tic*al (?), } a. [L. mysticus, Gr. &?; belonging to secret rites, from &?; one initiated: cf. F. mystique. See 1st Mystery, Misty.] 1. Remote from or beyond human comprehension; baffling human understanding; unknowable; obscure; mysterious.

Heaven's numerous hierarchy span The mystic gulf from God to man.

Emerson.

God hath revealed a way mystical and supernatural.

Hooker.

2. Importing or implying mysticism; involving some secret meaning; allegorical; emblematical; as, a mystic dance; mystic Babylon.

Thus, then, did the spirit of unity and meekness inspire every joint and sinew of the mystical body.

Milton.

-- Mys"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Mys"tic*al*ness, n.

Mys"tic (?), n. One given to mysticism; one who holds mystical views, interpretations, etc.; especially, in ecclesiastical history, one who professed mysticism. See Mysticism.

Mys"ti*cete (?), n. [Gr. my`stax the upper lip, also, the mustache + kh^tos a whale.] (Zoöl.) Any right whale, or whalebone whale. See Cetacea.

Mys"ti*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. mysticisme.] 1. Obscurity of doctrine.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of the Mystics, who professed a pure, sublime, and wholly disinterested devotion, and maintained that they had direct intercourse with the divine Spirit, and aquired a knowledge of God and of spiritual things unattainable by the natural intellect, and such as can not be analyzed or explained.

3. (Philos.) The doctrine that the ultimate elements or principles of knowledge or belief are gained by an act or process akin to feeling or faith.

Mys`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. mystification.] The act of mystifying, or the state of being mystied; also, something designed to, or that does, mystify.

The reply of Pope seems very much as though he had been playing off a mystification on his Grace.

De Quincey.

Mys"ti*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who mystifies.

Mys"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mystified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mystifying (?).] [F. mystifier, fr. Gr. &?; + L. - ficare (in comp.) to make. See 1st Mystery, and - fy.] 1. To involve in mystery; to make obscure or difficult to understand; as, to mystify a passage of Scripture.

2. To perplex the mind of; to puzzle; to impose upon the credulity of ; as, to mystify an opponent.

He took undue advantage of his credulity and mystified him exceedingly.

Ld. Campbell.

My"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr. &?;. Cf. Metacism.] Too frequent use of the letter m, or of the sound represented by it.

Myth (?), n. [Written also mythe.] [Gr. my^qos myth, fable, tale, talk, speech: cf. F. mythe.] 1. A story of great but unknown age which originally embodied a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon of experience, and in which often the forces of nature and of the soul are personified; an ancient legend of a god, a hero, the origin of a race, etc.; a wonder story of prehistoric origin; a popular fable which is, or has been, received as historical.

2. A person or thing existing only in imagination, or whose actual existence is not verifiable.

As for Mrs. Primmins's bones, they had been myths these twenty years.

Ld. Lytton.

Myth history, history made of, or mixed with, myths.

Mythe (?), n. See Myth. Grote.

{ Myth"ic (?), Myth"ic*al (?), } a. [L. mythicus, Gr. &?;. See Myth.] Of or relating to myths; described in a myth; of the nature of a myth; fabulous; imaginary; fanciful. -- Myth"ic*al*ly, adv.

The mythic turf where danced the nymphs.

Mrs. Browning.

Hengist and Horsa, Vortigern and Rowena, Arthur and Mordred, are mythical persons, whose very existence may be questioned.

Macaulay.

My*thog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. myqogra`fos; my^qos + gra`fein to write.] A composer of fables.

My*thol"o*ger (?), n. A mythologist.

Myth`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A mythologist.

{ Myth`o*log"ic (?), Myth`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [L. mythologicus: cf. F. mytholigique.] Of or pertaining to mythology or to myths; mythical; fabulous. -- Myth`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

My*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. mythologiste.] One versed in, or who writes on, mythology or myths.

My*thol"o*gize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. mythologiser.] 1. To relate, classify, and explain, or attempt to explain, myths; to write upon myths.

2. To construct and propagate myths.

My*thol"o*gi`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, mythologizes.

Imagination has always been, and still is, in a narrower sense, the great mythologizer.

Lowell.

Myth"o*logue (?), n. [See Mythology.] A fabulous narrative; a myth. [R.]

May we not . . . consider his history of the fall as an excellent mythologue, to account for the origin of human evil?

Geddes.

My*thol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Mythologies (#). [F. mythologie, L. mythologia, Gr. myqologi`a; my^qos, fable, myth + lo`gos speech, discourse.] 1. The science which treats of myths; a treatise on myths.

2. A body of myths; esp., the collective myths which describe the gods of a heathen people; as, the mythology of the Greeks.

Myth"o*plasm (?), n. [Gr. my^qos myth + pla`ssein to form.] A narration of mere fable.

Myth`o*pœ"ic (?), a. [Gr. myqopoio`s making myths; my^qos myth + poiei^n to make.] Making or producing myths; giving rise to mythical narratives.

The mythopœic fertility of the Greeks.

Grote.

Myth`o*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. my^qos myth + &?; able to make, producing, fr. poiei^n to make.] Making or producing myths or mythical tales.

Myt"i*loid (?), a. [Mytilus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Mytilus, or family Mytilidæ.

Myt`i*lo*tox"ine (?), n. [Mytilus + toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous base (leucomaine) found in the common mussel. It either causes paralysis of the muscles, or gives rise to convulsions, including death by an accumulation of carbonic acid in the blood.

||Myt"i*lus (?), n. [L., a sea mussel, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||marine bivalve shells, including the common mussel. See Illust. under ||Byssus.

||Myx"a (?), n. [L., a lamp nozzle, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) The distal end of ||the mandibles of a bird.

Myx"ine (?), n. (Zoöl.) A genus of marsipobranchs, including the hagfish. See Hag, 4.

Myx"i*noid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Myxine. -- n. A hagfish.

||Myx`o*cys*to"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; mucus + &?; a ||bladder.] (Zoöl.) A division of Infusoria including the Noctiluca. ||See Noctiluca.

||Myx*o"ma (?), n.; pl. Myxomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; mucus + - oma.] ||(Med.) A tumor made up of a gelatinous tissue resembling that found ||in the umbilical cord.

Myx"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; mucus, slime + -pod.] (Zoöl.) A rhizopod or moneran. Also used adjectively; as, a myxopod state.

||My*zon"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to suck.] (Zoöl.) The ||Marsipobranchiata.

||My`zo*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. my`zein to suck + sto`ma, ||-atos, mouth.] (Zoöl.) An order of curious parasitic worms found on ||crinoids. The body is short and disklike, with four pairs of suckers ||and five pairs of hook-bearing parapodia on the under side.

<! p. 961 !>

N.

N (n), the fourteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal consonent, and, in allusion to its mode of formation, is called the dentinasal or linguanasal consonent. Its commoner sound is that heard in ran, done; but when immediately followed in the same word by the sound of g hard or k (as in single, sink, conquer), it usually represents the same sound as the digraph ng in sing, bring, etc. This is a simple but related sound, and is called the gutturo-nasal consonent. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 243-246.

The letter N came into English through the Latin and Greek from the Phœnician, which probably derived it from the Egyptian as the ultimate origin. It is etymologically most closely related to M. See M.

N, n. (Print.) A measure of space equal to half an M (or em); an en.

Na (nä), a. & adv. No, not. See No. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nab (nb), n. [Cf. Knap, Knop, Knob.] 1. The summit of an eminence. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Firearms) The cock of a gunlock. Knight.

3. (Locksmithing) The keeper, or box into which the lock is shot. Knight.

Nab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nabbing.] [Dan nappe, or Sw. nappa.] To catch or seize suddenly or unexpectedly. [Colloq.] Smollett.

Na"bit (n"bt), n. Pulverized sugar candy. Crabb.

||Nabk (nbk), n. [Ar. nabiqa, nibqa.] (Bot.) The edible berries of the ||Zizyphys Lotus, a tree of Northern Africa, and Southwestern Europe. ||[Written also nubk.] See Lotus (b), and Sadr.

Na"bob (n"bb), n. [Hind. nawb, from Ar. nawb, pl. of nïb a vicegerent, governor. Cf Nawab.] 1. A deputy or viceroy in India; a governor of a province of the ancient Mogul empire.

2. One who returns to Europe from the East with immense riches: hence, any man of great wealth. " A bilious old nabob." Macaulay.

Nac"a*rat (?), n. [F. nacarat, fr. Sp. or Pg. nacarado, fr. nácar mother-of- pearl. See Nacre.] 1. A pale red color, with a cast of orange. Ure.

2. Fine linen or crape dyed of this color. Ure.

Nack"er (?), n. See Nacre. Johnson.

Na"cre (?), n. [F., cf. Sp. nácara, nácar, It. nacchera, naccaro, LL. nacara, nacrum; of Oriental origin, cf. Ar. nakr hollowed.] (Zoöl.) A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells, and is most perfect in the mother-of-pearl. [Written also nacker and naker.] See Pearl, and Mother-of- pearl.

Na"cre*ous (?), a. [See Nacre.] (Zoöl.) Consisting of, or resembling, nacre; pearly.

{ Nad (?), Nad"de (?) }. [Contr. fr. ne hadde.] Had not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nad"der (?), n. [AS. nædre. See Adder.] An adder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Na"dir (?), n. [F., Sp., & It. nadir; all fr. Ar. nasru's samt nadir, prop., the point opposite the zenith (as samt), in which nasr means alike, corresponding to. Cf. Azimuth, Zenith.] 1. That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand.

2. The lowest point; the time of greatest depression.

The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe.

Hallam.

Nadir of the sun (Astron.), the axis of the conical shadow projected by the earth. Crabb.

||Næ"ni*a (?), n. See Nenia.

Næve (?), n. [L. naevus.] A nævus. [Obs.] Dryden.

Næ"void (?), a. [Nævus + -oid.] Resembling a nævus or nævi; as, nævoid elephantiasis. Dunglison.

Næ"vose` (?), a. Spotted; freckled.

||Næ"vus (n"vs), n.; pl. Nævi (- v). [L.] (Med.) A spot or mark on the ||skin of children when born; a birthmark; -- usually applied to ||vascular tumors, i. e., those consisting mainly of blood vessels, as ||dilated arteries, veins, or capillaries.

Nag (ng), n. [OE. nagge, D. negge; akin to E. neigh.] 1. A small horse; a pony; hence, any horse.

2. A paramour; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Shak.

Nag, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Nagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nagging (?).] [Cf. Sw. nagga to nibble, peck, Dan. nage to gnaw, Icel. naga, gnaga, G. nagen, & E. gnaw.] To tease in a petty way; to scold habitually; to annoy; to fret pertinaciously. [Colloq.] "She never nagged." J. Ingelow.

Nag"ging (?), a. Fault-finding; teasing; persistently annoying; as, a nagging toothache. [Colloq.]

Nag"gy (?), a. Irritable; touchy. [Colloq.]

||Na"gor (?), n. (Zoöl.) A West African gazelle (Gazella redunca).

Nag"yag*ite (?), n. [So called from Nagyag, in Transylvania.] (Min.) A mineral of blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster, generally of a foliated massive structure; foliated tellurium. It is a telluride of lead and gold.

Na"iad (?), n. [L. naias, - adis, naïs, -idis, a water nymph, Gr &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to flow: cf. F. naïade. Cf. Naid.] 1. (Myth.) A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain.

2. (Zoöl.) Any species of a tribe (Naiades) of freshwater bivalves, including Unio, Anodonta, and numerous allied genera; a river mussel.

3. (Zoöl) One of a group of butterflies. See Nymph.

4. (Bot.) Any plant of the order Naiadaceæ, such as eelgrass, pondweed, etc.

Na"iant (?), a. (Her.) See Natant. Crabb.

Na"id (?), n. [See Naiad.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small, fresh- water, chætopod annelids of the tribe Naidina. They belong to the Oligochæta.

Na"ïf` (&?;; formerly &?;), a. [F. naïf. See Naïve.] 1. Having a true natural luster without being cut; -- applied by jewelers to a precious stone.

2. Naïve; as, a naïf remark. London Spectator.

||Na"ik (?), n. [Hind. nyak.] A chief; a leader; a Sepoy corporal. ||Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Nail (?), n. [AS. nægel, akin to D. nagel, OS &?; OHG. nagal, G. nagel, Icel. nagl, nail (in sense 1), nagli nail (in sense 3), Sw. nagel nail (in senses 1 and 3), Dan. nagle, Goth. ganagljan to nail, Lith. nagas nail (in sense 1), Russ. nogote, L. unguis, Gr. &?;, Skr. nakha. &?;] 1. (Anat.) the horny scale of plate of epidermis at the end of the fingers and toes of man and many apes.

His nayles like a briddes claws were.

Chaucer.

The nails are strictly homologous with hoofs and claws. When compressed, curved, and pointed, they are called talons or claws, and the animal bearing them is said to be unguiculate; when they incase the extremities of the digits they are called hoofs, and the animal is ungulate.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera. (b) The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks, and other allied birds.

3. A slender, pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, used for fastening pieces of wood or other material together, by being driven into or through them.

The different sorts of nails are named either from the use to which they are applied, from their shape, from their size, or from some other characteristic, as shingle, floor, ship-carpenters', and horseshoe nails, roseheads, diamonds, fourpenny, tenpenny (see Penny, a.), chiselpointed, cut, wrought, or wire nails, etc.

4. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the sixteenth of a yard.

Nail ball (Ordnance), a round projectile with an iron bolt protruding to prevent it from turning in the gun. -- Nail plate, iron in plates from which cut nails are made. -- On the nail, in hand; on the spot; immediately; without delay or time of credit; as, to pay money on the nail. "You shall have ten thousand pounds on the nail." Beaconsfield. -- To hit the nail on the head, to hit most effectively; to do or say a thing in the right way.

Nail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nailing.] [AS. næglian. See Nail, n.] 1. To fasten with a nail or nails; to close up or secure by means of nails; as, to nail boards to the beams.

He is now dead, and nailed in his chest.

Chaucer.

2. To stud or boss with nails, or as with nails.

The rivets of your arms were nailed with gold.

Dryden.

3. To fasten, as with a nail; to bind or hold, as to a bargain or to acquiescence in an argument or assertion; hence, to catch; to trap.

When they came to talk of places in town, you saw at once how I nailed them.

Goldsmith.

4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.] Crabb.

To nail a lie or an assertion, etc., to detect and expose it, so as to put a stop to its currency; -- an expression probably derived from the former practice of shopkeepers, who were accustomed to nail bad or counterfeit pieces of money to the counter.

Nail"brush`, n. A brush for cleaning the nails.

Nail"er (?), n. 1. One whose occupation is to make nails; a nail maker.

2. One who fastens with, or drives, nails.

Nail"er*ess, n. A women who makes nailes.

Nail"er*y (?), n.; pl. Naileries (&?;). A manufactory where nails are made.

Nail"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head like that of a nail; formed so as to resemble the head of a nail.

Nail-headed characters, arrowheaded or cuneiform characters. See under Arrowheaded. -- Nail-headed molding (Arch.), an ornament consisting of a series of low four-sided pyramids resembling the heads of large nails; -- called also nail-head molding, or nail-head. It is the same as the simplest form of dogtooth. See Dogtooth.

Nail"less, a. Without nails; having no nails.

Nain`sook" (?), n. [Nainsukh, a valley in Kaghan.] A thick sort of jaconet muslin, plain or striped, formerly made in India.

||Na"is (?), n. [L., a naiad.] (Zoöl.) See Naiad.

||Nais`sant" (?), a. [F., p. pr. of naître to be born, L. nasci.] ||(Her.) Same as Jessant.

Na"ïve` (?), a. [F. naïf, fem. naïve, fr. L. nativus innate, natural, native. See Native, and cf. Naïf.] Having native or unaffected simplicity; ingenuous; artless; frank; as, naïve manners; a naïve person; naïve and unsophisticated remarks.

Na"ïve`ly (?), adv. In a naïve manner.

||Na`ïve`té" (?), n. [F. See Naïve, and cf. Nativity.] Native ||simplicity; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness; artlessness.

A story which pleases me by its naïveté -- that is, by its unconscious ingenuousness.

De Quincey.

Na"ïve`ty (?), n. Naïveté. Carlyle.

Nake (?), v. t. To make naked. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Come, be ready, nake your swords.

Old Play.

Na"ked (?), a. [AS. nacod; akin to D. naakt, G. nackt, OHG. nacchot, nahhot, Icel. nökviðr, nakinn, Sw. naken, Dan. nögen, Goth. naqaþs, Lith. ngas, Russ. nagii, L. nudus, Skr. nagna. &radic;266. Cf. Nude.]

1. Having no clothes on; uncovered; nude; bare; as, a naked body; a naked limb; a naked sword.

2. Having no means of defense or protection; open; unarmed; defenseless.

Thy power is full naked.

Chaucer.

Behold my bosom naked to your swords.

Addison.

3. Unprovided with needful or desirable accessories, means of sustenance, etc.; destitute; unaided; bare.

Patriots who had exposed themselves for the public, and whom they say now left naked.

Milton.

4. Without addition, exaggeration, or excuses; not concealed or disguised; open to view; manifest; plain.

The truth appears so naked on my side, That any purblind eye may find it out.

Shak.

All things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we to do.

Heb. iv. 13.

5. Mere; simple; plain.

The very naked name of love.

Shak.

6. (Bot.) Without pubescence; as, a naked leaf or stem; bare, or not covered by the customary parts, as a flower without a perianth, a stem without leaves, seeds without a pericarp, buds without bud scales.

7. (Mus.) Not having the full complement of tones; -- said of a chord of only two tones, which requires a third tone to be sounded with them to make the combination pleasing to the ear; as, a naked fourth or fifth.

Naked bed, a bed the occupant of which is naked, no night linen being worn in ancient times. Shak. -- Naked eye, the eye alone, unaided by glasses, or by telescope, microscope, or the like. -- Naked-eyed medusa. (Zoöl.) See Hydromedusa. -- Naked flooring (Carp.), the timberwork which supports a floor. Gwilt. -- Naked mollusk (Zoöl.), a nudibranch. -- Naked wood (Bot.), a large rhamnaceous tree (Colibrina reclinata) of Southern Florida and the West Indies, having a hard and heavy heartwood, which takes a fine polish. C. S. Sargent.

Syn. -- Nude; bare; denuded; uncovered; unclothed; exposed; unarmed; plain; defenseless.

Na"ked*ly, adv. In a naked manner; without covering or disguise; manifestly; simply; barely.

Na"ked*ness, n. 1. The condition of being naked.

2. (Script.) The privy parts; the genitals.

Ham . . . saw the nakedness of his father.

Gen. ix. 22.

Na"ker (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Nacre.

Na"ker, n. [OE. nakere, F. nakaire, LL. nacara, Per. naqret.] A kind of kettledrum. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Na"koo (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) The gavial. [Written ||also nako.]

Nale (?), n. [A corrupt form arising from the older "at þen ale" at the nale.] Ale; also, an alehouse. [Obs.]

Great feasts at the nale.

Chaucer.

Nall (?), n. [Either fr. Icel. nl (see Needle); or fr. awl, like newt fr. ewt.] An awl. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

Nam (?). [Contr. fr. ne am.] Am not. [Obs.]

Nam, obs. imp. of Nim. Chaucer.

Nam"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being named.

Na*ma"tion (?), n. [LL. namare to take; cf. AS. niman to take.] (O. Eng. & Scots Law) A distraining or levying of a distress; an impounding. Burrill.

Nam"ay*cush (?), n. [Indian name.] (Zool.) A large North American lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). It is usually spotted with red, and sometimes weighs over forty pounds. Called also Mackinaw trout, lake trout, lake salmon, salmon trout, togue, and tuladi.

Nam"by-pam`by (?), n. [From Ambrose Phillips, in ridicule of the extreme simplicity of some of his verses.] Talk or writing which is weakly sentimental or affectedly pretty. Macaulay.

Nam"by-pam`by, a. Affectedly pretty; weakly sentimental; finical; insipid. Thackeray.

Namby-pamby madrigals of love.

W. Gifford.

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Name (?), n. [AS. nama; akin to D. naam, OS. & OHG. namo, G. name, Icel. nafn, for namn, Dan. navn, Sw. namn, Goth. nam, L. nomen (perh. influenced by noscere, gnoscere, to learn to know), Gr. 'o`mona, Scr. nman. &radic;267. Cf. Anonymous, Ignominy, Misnomer, Nominal, Noun.] 1. The title by which any person or thing is known or designated; a distinctive specific appellation, whether of an individual or a class.

Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.

Gen. ii. 19.

What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet.

Shak.

2. A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person or thing, on account of a character or acts.

His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

Is. ix. 6.

3. Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation; fame; especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable estimation; distinction.

What men of name resort to him?

Shak.

Far above . . . every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come.

Eph. i. 21.

I will get me a name and honor in the kingdom.

1 Macc. iii. 14.

He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin.

Deut. xxii. 19.

The king's army . . . had left no good name behind.

Clarendon.

4. Those of a certain name; a race; a family.

The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his name, came every day to pay their feigned civilities.

Motley.

5. A person, an individual. [Poetic]

They list with women each degenerate name.

Dryden.

Christian name. (a) The name a person receives at baptism, as distinguished from surname; baptismal name. (b) A given name, whether received at baptism or not. -- Given name. See under Given. -- In name, in profession, or by title only; not in reality; as, a friend in name. -- In the name of. (a) In behalf of; by the authority of. " I charge you in the duke's name to obey me." Shak. (b) In the represented or assumed character of. "I'll to him again in name of Brook." Shak. -- Name plate, a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name upon it, as a sign; a doorplate. -- Pen name, a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom de plume. Bayard Taylor. -- Proper name (Gram.), a name applied to a particular person, place, or thing. -- To call names, to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by reproachful appellations. -- To take a name in vain, to use a name lightly or profanely; to use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths. Ex. xx. 7.

Syn. -- Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination; epithet. -- Name, Appellation, Title, Denomination. Name is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or letters by which a person or thing is known and distinguished. Appellation, although sometimes put for name simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive term, used by way of marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold, Philip the Stammerer. A title is a term employed to point out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the Duke of Bedford, Paul the Apostle, etc. Denomination is to particular bodies what appellation is to individuals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into different denominations, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, etc.

Name (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Named (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Naming.] [AS. namian. See Name, n.] 1. To give a distinctive name or appellation to; to entitle; to denominate; to style; to call.

She named the child Ichabod.

1 Sam. iv. 21.

Thus was the building left Ridiculous, and the work Confusion named.

Milton.

2. To mention by name; to utter or publish the name of; to refer to by distinctive title; to mention.

None named thee but to praise.

Halleck.

Old Yew, which graspest at the stones That name the underlying dead.

Tennyson.

3. To designate by name or specifically for any purpose; to nominate; to specify; to appoint; as, to name a day for the wedding.

Whom late you have named for consul.

Shak.

4. (House of Commons) To designate (a member) by name, as the Speaker does by way of reprimand.

Syn. -- To denominate; style; term; call; mention; specify; designate; nominate.

Name"less, a. 1. Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star. Waller.

2. Undistinguished; not noted or famous.

A nameless dwelling and an unknown name.

Harte.

3. Not known or mentioned by name; anonymous; as, a nameless writer."Nameless pens." Atterbury.

4. Unnamable; indescribable; inexpressible.

But what it is, that is not yet known; what I can not name; &?;t is nameless woe,I wot.

Shak.

I have a nameless horror of the man.

Hawthorne.

Name"less*ly, adv. In a nameless manner.

Name"ly, adv. 1. By name; by particular mention; specifically; especially; expressly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

The solitariness of man . . . God hath namely and principally ordered to prevent by marriage.

Milton.

2. That is to say; to wit; videlicet; -- introducing a particular or specific designation.

For the excellency of the soul, namely, its power of divining dreams; that several such divinations have been made, none &?;an question.

Addison.

Nam"er (?), n. One who names, or calls by name.

Name"sake` (?), n. [For name's sake; i. e., one named for the sake of another's name.] One that has the same name as another; especially, one called after, or named out of regard to, another.

Na*mo" (?), adv. No more. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nan (?), interj. [For anan.] Anan. [Prov. Eng.]

Nan"dine (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) An African carnivore (Nandinia binotata), allied to the civets. It is spotted with black.

{ Nan"dou (?), Nan"du (?), } n. [Braz. nhandu or yandu.] (Zoöl.) Any one of three species of South American ostriches of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. See Rhea. [Written also nandow.]

Nan*keen" (?), n. [So called from its being originally manufactured at Nankin, in China.] [Written also nankin.] 1. A species of cloth, of a firm texture, originally brought from China, made of a species of cotton (Gossypium religiosum) that is naturally of a brownish yellow color quite indestructible and permanent.

2. An imitation of this cloth by artificial coloring.

3. pl. Trousers made of nankeen. Ld. Lytton.

Nankeen bird (Zoöl.), the Australian night heron (Nycticorax Caledonicus); -- called also quaker.

Nan"ny (?), n. A diminutive of Ann or Anne, the proper name.

Nanny goat, a female goat. [Colloq.]

Nan"ny*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) See Sheepberry.

Nan"pie (?), n. (Zoöl.) The magpie.

||Na"os (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; a temple, the cella.] ||(Arch.) A term used by modern archæologists instead of cella. See ||Cella.

Nap (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Napped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Napping (?).] [OE. nappen, AS. hnæppian to take a nap, to slumber; cf. AS. hnipian to bend one's self, Icel. hnipna, hnpa, to droop.] 1. To have a short sleep; to be drowsy; to doze. Chaucer.

2. To be in a careless, secure state. Wyclif.

I took thee napping, unprepared.

Hudibras.

Nap, n. A short sleep; a doze; a siesta. Cowper.

Nap, n. [OE. noppe, AS. hnoppa; akin to D. nop, Dan. noppe, LG. nobbe.] 1. Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibers forming part of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction; the pile; -- as, the nap of cotton flannel or of broadcloth.

2. pl. The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet. Knight.

Nap, v. t. To raise, or put, a nap on.

Nape (?), n. [Perh. akin to knap a knop.] The back part of the neck. Spenser.

Nape"-crest` (?), n. (Zoöl.) An African bird of the genus Schizorhis, related to the plantain eaters.

Na"per*y (?), n.; pl. Naperies (#). [OF. naperie, fr. nape a tablecloth, F. nappe, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa. See Map, and cf. Apron, Napkin.] Table linen; also, linen clothing, or linen in general. [Obs.] Gayton.

Na"pha wa`ter (?). [Sp. nafa, from Ar. napha odor.] A perfume distilled from orange flowers.

Na"phew (?), n. (Bot.) See Navew.

Naph"tha (?), n. [L. naphtha, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, fr.Ar. nafth, nifth.] 1. (Chem.) The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.

2. (Chem.) One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the naphtha from petroleum; as, Boghead naphtha, from Boghead coal (obtained at Boghead, Scotland); crude naphtha, or light oil, from coal tar; wood naphtha, from wood, etc.

This term was applied by the earlier chemical writers to a number of volatile, strong smelling, inflammable liquids, chiefly belonging to the ethers, as the sulphate, nitrate, or acetate of ethyl. Watts.

Naphtha vitrioli [NL., naphtha of vitriol] (Old Chem.), common ethyl ether; -- formerly called sulphuric ether. See Ether.

Naph"tha*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of naphthalic acid; a phthalate. [Obs.]

Naph"tha*lene (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline.

Naphthalene red (Chem.), a dyestuff obtained from certain diazo derivatives of naphthylamine, and called also magdala red. -- Naphthalene yellow (Chem.), a yellow dyestuff obtained from certain nitro derivatives of naphthol.

Naph`tha*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to , or derived from, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate a yellow crystalline substance, called naphthalenic acid and also hydroxy quinone, and obtained from certain derivatives of naphthol.

Naph*tha"lic (?), a. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to denote any one of a series of acids derived from naphthalene, and called naphthalene acids. (b) Formerly, designating an acid probably identical with phthalic acid.

Naph*thal"i*dine (?), n. [Naphthalene + toluidine.] (Chem.) Same as Naphthylamine.

{ Naph"tha*lin (?), Naph"tha*line (?), } n. [F. naphthaline.] (Chem.) See Naphthalene.

Naph"tha*lize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To mingle, saturate, or impregnate, with naphtha.

Naph*thaz"a*rin (?), n. [Naphthalene + alizarin.] (Chem.) A dyestuff, resembling alizarin, obtained from naphthoquinone as a red crystalline substance with a bright green, metallic luster; -- called also naphthalizarin.

Naph"thene (?), n. (Chem.) A peculiar hydrocarbon occuring as an ingredient of Caucasian petroleum.

Naph"thide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of naphthalene or its radical with a metallic element; as, mercuric naphthide.

Naph*tho"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series of carboxyl derivatives, called naphthoic acids.

Naph"thol (?), n. [Naphthalene + -ol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with a phenol (carbolic) odor.

Naphthol blue, Naphthol orange, Naphthol yellow (Chem.), brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex nitrogenous derivatives of naphthol or naphthoquinone.

Naph`tho*qui"none (?), n. [Naphthalene + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, C10H6O2, analogous to quinone, obtained by oxidizing naphthalene with chromic acid.

Naph"thyl (?), n. [Naphthalene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical regarded as the essential residue of naphthalene.

Naph`thyl*am"ine (?), n. (Chem.) One of two basic amido derivatives of naphthalene, C10H7.NH2, forming crystalline solids.

{ Na*pie"ri*an, Na*pe"ri*an , } (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Napier, or Naper.

Naperian logarithms. See under Logarithms.

{ Na"pi*er's bones` (?), Na"pi*er's rods` (?) }. A set of rods, made of bone or other material, each divided into nine spaces, and containing the numbers of a column of the multiplication table; -- a contrivance of Baron Napier, the inventor of logarithms, for facilitating the operations of multiplication and division.

Na"pi*form (?), a. [L. napus turnip + -form: cf. F. napiforme. Cf. Navew.] (Bot.) Turnip-shaped; large and round in the upper part, and very slender below.

Nap"kin (?), n. [Dim. of OF. nape a tablecloth, cloth, F. nappe, L. mappa. See Napery.] 1. A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table.

2. A handkerchief. [Obs.] Shak.

Napkin pattern. See Linen scroll, under Linen. -- Napkin ring, a ring of metal, ivory, or other material, used to inclose a table napkin.

Nap"less, a. Without nap; threadbare. Shak.

Na"ples yel"low (?). See under Yellow.

Na*po"le*on (?), n. [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.] A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86.

Na*po`le*on"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Napoleon I., or his family; resembling, or having the qualities of, Napoleon I. Lowell.

Na*po"le*on*ist (?), n. A supporter of the dynasty of the Napoleons.

Nappe (?), n. [F. nappe cloth, sheet. See Napery.] (Geom.) Sheet; surface; all that portion of a surface that is continuous in such a way that it is possible to pass from any one point of the portion to any other point of the portion without leaving the surface. Thus, some hyperboloids have one nappe, and some have two.

Nap"pi*ness (?), n. [From 2d Nappy.] The quality of having a nap; abundance of nap, as on cloth.

Nap"ping (?), n. 1. The act or process of raising a nap, as on cloth.

2. (Hat Making) A sheet of partially felted fur before it is united to the hat body. Knight.

Nap"py (?), a. [From 1st Nap.] 1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy; as, to feel nappy.

2. Tending to cause sleepiness; serving to make sleepy; strong; heady; as, nappy ale. [Obs.] Wyatt.

Nap"py, a. [From 3d Nap.] Having a nap or pile; downy; shaggy. Holland.

Nap"py, n.; pl. Nappies (#). [OE. nap, AS. hnæp cup, bowl. See Hanaper.] A round earthen dish, with a flat bottom and sloping sides. [Written also nappie.]

Nap"-tak`ing (?), n. A taking by surprise; an unexpected onset or attack. Carew.

||Na*pu" (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A very small chevrotain ||(Tragulus Javanicus), native of Java. It is about the size of a hare, ||and is noted for its agility in leaping. Called also Java musk deer, ||pygmy musk deer, and deerlet.

||Na"pus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A kind of turnip. See Navew.

Nar"ce*ine (?), n. [L. narce numbness, torpor, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. narcéïne.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in small quantities in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a bitter astringent taste. It is a narcotic. Called also narceia.

Nar*cis"sine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Narcissus.

Nar*cis"sus (?), n.; pl. Narcissuses (#). [L. narcissus, and (personified) Narcissus, Gr. na`rkissos, Na`rkissos, fr. na`rkh torpor, in allusion to the narcotic properties of the flower. Cf. Narcotic.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of endogenous bulbous plants with handsome flowers, having a cup-shaped crown within the six-lobed perianth, and comprising the daffodils and jonquils of several kinds.

2. (Classical Myth.) A beautiful youth fabled to have been enamored of his own image as seen in a fountain, and to have been changed into the flower called Narcissus.

||Nar*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. na`rkwsis. See Narcotic.] (Med.) ||Privation of sense or consciousness, due to a narcotic.

Nar*cot"ic (?), a. [F. narcotique, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to benumb, na`rkh numbness, torpor.] (Med.) Having the properties of a narcotic; operating as a narcotic.

-- Nar*cot"ic*ness, n.

<! p. 963 !>

Nar*cot"ic (?), n. (Med.) A drug which, in medicinal doses, generally allays morbid susceptibility, relieves pain, and produces sleep; but which, in poisonous doses, produces stupor, coma, or convulsions, and, when given in sufficient quantity, causes death. The best examples are opium (with morphine), belladonna (with atropine), and conium.

Nercotykes and opye (opium) of Thebes.

Chaucer.

Nar*cot"ic*al (?), a. Narcotic.

-- Nar*cot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Nar"co*tine (?), n. [Cf. F. narcotine. Cf. Cotarnine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance, tasteless and less poisonous than morphine; -- called also narcotia.

Nar`co*tin"ic (?), a. Pertaining to narcotine.

Nar"co*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. narcotisme.] Narcosis; the state of being narcotized. G. Eliot.

Nar"co*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narcotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Narcotizing (?).] To imbue with, or subject to the influence of, a narcotic; to put into a state of narcosis.

Nard (?), n. [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; cf. Heb. nêrd, Per. nard, Scr. nalada.] 1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant (Nardostachys Jatamansi) of the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery.

2. An ointment prepared partly from this plant. See Spikenard.

3. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Nardus stricta) of little value, found in Europe and Asia.

Nard"ine (?), a. [L. nardinus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.] Of or pertaining to nard; having the qualities of nard.

||Nar*doo" (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian name for Marsilea Drummondii, a ||four-leaved cryptogamous plant, sometimes used for food.

Nare (?), n. [L. naris.] A nostril. [R.] B. Jonson.

||Na"res (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of naris nostril.] (Anat.) The nostrils ||or nasal openings, -- the anterior nares being the external or proper ||nostrils, and the posterior nares, the openings of the nasal cavities ||into the mouth or pharynx.

{ Nar"gile (?), Nar"gi*leh (?), } n. [Per. nrghl, prop., a cocoanut; prob. so called because first made of a cocoanut.] An apparatus for smoking tobacco. It has a long flexible tube, and the smoke is drawn through water.

||Nar"i*ca (?), n. (Zoöl.) The brown coati. See Coati.

Nar"i*form (?), a. [L. naris nostril + -form. See Nose.] Formed like the nose.

Nar"ine (?), a. Of or belonging to the nostrils.

Nar"ra*ble (?), a. [L. narrabilis, fr. narrare to narrate.] Capable of being narrated or told. [Obs.]

Nar`ra*gan"setts (?), n. pl.; sing. Narragansett (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited the shores of Narragansett Bay.

Nar*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Narrating.] [L. narratus, p. p. of narrare to narrate, prob. for gnarigare, fr. gnarus knowing. See Ignore, Know.] To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story; to relate the particulars of; to go through with in detail, as an incident or transaction; to give an account of.

Syn. -- To relate; recount; detail; describe.

Nar*ra"tion (?), n. [L. narratio: cf. F. narration.] 1. The act of telling or relating the particulars of an event; rehearsal; recital.

2. That which is related; the relation in words or writing of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of any series of transactions or events; story; history.

3. (Rhet.) That part of a discourse which recites the time, manner, or consequences of an action, or simply states the facts connected with the subject.

Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; description; explanation; detail; narrative; story; tale; history. See Account.

Nar"ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. narratif.] 1. Of or pertaining to narration; relating to the particulars of an event or transaction.

2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to tell particulars of events; story-telling; garrulous.

But wise through time, and narrative with age.

Pope.

Nar"ra*tive, n. That which is narrated; the recital of a story; a continuous account of the particulars of an event or transaction; a story.

Cyntio was much taken with my narrative.

Tatler.

Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; narration; story; tale. See Account.

Nar"ra*tive*ly, adv. In the style of narration.

Nar*ra"tor (?), n. [L.] One who narrates; one who relates a series of events or transactions.

Nar"ra*to*ry (?), a. Giving an account of events; narrative; as, narratory letters. Howell.

Narre (?), a. Nearer. [Obs.] Spenser.

Nar"row (?), a. [Compar. Narrower (?); superl. Narrowest.] [OE. narwe, naru, AS. nearu; akin to OS. naru, naro.] 1. Of little breadth; not wide or broad; having little distance from side to side; as, a narrow board; a narrow street; a narrow hem.

Hath passed in safety through the narrow seas.

Shak.

2. Of little extent; very limited; circumscribed.

The Jews were but a small nation, and confined to a narrow compass in the world.

Bp. Wilkins.

3. Having but a little margin; having barely sufficient space, time, or number, etc.; close; near; -- with special reference to some peril or misfortune; as, a narrow shot; a narrow escape; a narrow majority. Dryden.

4. Limited as to means; straitened; pinching; as, narrow circumstances.

5. Contracted; of limited scope; illiberal; bigoted; as, a narrow mind; narrow views. "A narrow understanding." Macaulay.

6. Parsimonious; niggardly; covetous; selfish.

A very narrow and stinted charity.

Smalridge.

7. Scrutinizing in detail; close; accurate; exact.

But first with narrow search I must walk round This garden, and no corner leave unspied.

Milton.

8. (Phon.) Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense condition of the pharynx; -- distinguished from wide; as (ve) and (fd), etc., from (ll) and (ft), etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 13.

Narrow is not unfrequently prefixed to words, especially to participles and adjectives, forming compounds of obvious signification; as, narrow-bordered, narrow- brimmed, narrow-breasted, narrow-edged, narrow- faced, narrow-headed, narrow-leaved, narrow- pointed, narrow-souled, narrow-sphered, etc.

Narrow gauge. (Railroad) See Note under Gauge, n., 6.

Nar"row (?), n.; pl. Narrows (&?;). A narrow passage; esp., a contracted part of a stream, lake, or sea; a strait connecting two bodies of water; -- usually in the plural; as, The Narrows of New York harbor.

Near the island lay on one side the jaws of a dangerous narrow.

Gladstone.

Nar"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Narrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Narrowing.] [AS. nearwian.] 1. To lessen the breadth of; to contract; to draw into a smaller compass; to reduce the width or extent of. Sir W. Temple.

2. To contract the reach or sphere of; to make less liberal or more selfish; to limit; to confine; to restrict; as, to narrow one's views or knowledge; to narrow a question in discussion.

Our knowledge is much more narrowed if we confine ourselves to our own solitary reasonings.

I. Watts.

3. (Knitting) To contract the size of, as a stocking, by taking two stitches into one.

Nar"row, v. i. 1. To become less broad; to contract; to become narrower; as, the sea narrows into a strait.

2. (Man.) Not to step out enough to the one hand or the other; as, a horse narrows. Farrier's Dict.

3. (Knitting) To contract the size of a stocking or other knit article, by taking two stitches into one.

Nar"row*er (?), n. One who, or that which, narrows or contracts. Hannah More.

Nar"row*ing, n. 1. The act of contracting, or of making or becoming less in breadth or extent.

2. The part of a stocking which is narrowed.

Nar"row*ly, adv. [AS. nearulice.] 1. With little breadth; in a narrow manner.

2. Without much extent; contractedly.

3. With minute scrutiny; closely; as, to look or watch narrowly; to search narrowly.

4. With a little margin or space; by a small distance; hence, closely; hardly; barely; only just; -- often with reference to an avoided danger or misfortune; as, he narrowly escaped.

5. Sparingly; parsimoniously.

Nar"row-mind`ed (?), a. Of narrow mental scope; illiberal; mean. -- Nar"row- mind`ed*ness, n.

Nar"row*ness, n. [AS. nearunes.] The condition or quality of being narrow.

Nart (?). [For ne art.] Art not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Nar"thex (?), n. [L., giant fennel, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Bot.) A tall ||umbelliferous plant (Ferula communis). See Giant fennel, under ||Fennel.

2. (Arch.) The portico in front of ancient churches; sometimes, the atrium or outer court surrounded by ambulatories; -- used, generally, for any vestibule, lobby, or outer porch, leading to the nave of a church.

Nar"wal (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Narwhal.

Nar"we (?), a. Narrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nar"whal (?), n. [Sw. or Dan. narvhal; akin to Icel. nhvalr, and E. whale. the first syllable is perh. from Icel. nr corpse, dead body, in allusion to the whitish color its skin. See Whale.] [Written also narwhale.] (Zoöl.) An arctic cetacean (Monodon monocerous), about twenty feet long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth, or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it is called also sea unicorn, unicorn fish, and unicorn whale. Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side.

Nas (näz). [For ne was.] Was not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nas. [Contr. fr. ne has.] Has not. [Obs.] Spenser.

Na"sal (n"zal), a. [F., from L. nasus the nose. See Nose.] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nose.

2. (Phon.) Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the nasal passage; as, a nasal vowel; a nasal utterance.

Nasal bones (Anat.), two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals. -- Nasal index (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the transverse the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is taken as the standard, equal to 100.

Na"sal, n. 1. An elementary sound which is uttered through the nose, or through both the nose and the mouth simultaneously.

2. (Med.) A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine. [Archaic]

3. (Anc. Armor) Part of a helmet projecting to protect the nose; a nose guard.

4. (Anat.) One of the nasal bones.

5. (Zoöl.) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.

Na*sal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. nasalité.] The quality or state of being nasal.

Na`sal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of nasalizing, or the state of being nasalized.

Na"sal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nasalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nasalizing (?).] To render nasal, as sound; to insert a nasal or sound in.

Na"sal*ize, v. t. To utter words or letters with a nasal sound; to speak through the nose.

Na"sal*ly, adv. In a nasal manner; by the nose.

Nas"cal (?), n. [F. nascale.] (Med.) A kind of pessary of medicated wool or cotton, formerly used.

Nas"cen*cy (?), n. [L. nascentia. See Nascent.] State of being nascent; birth; beginning; origin.

Nas"cent (?), a. [L. nascens, -entis, p. pr. nasci to be born. See Nation, and cf. Naissant.] 1. Commencing, or in process of development; beginning to exist or to grow; coming into being; as, a nascent germ.

Nascent passions and anxieties.

Berkley.

2. (Chem.) Evolving; being evolved or produced.

Nascent state (Chem.), the supposed instantaneous or momentary state of an uncombined atom or radical just separated from one compound acid, and not yet united with another, -- a hypothetical condition implying peculiarly active chemical properties; as, hydrogen in the nascent state is a strong reducer.

Nase"ber`ry (?), n. [Sp. nispero medlar and naseberry tree, fr. L. mespilus. See Medlar.] (Bot.) A tropical fruit. See Sapodilla. [Written also nisberry.]

Nash (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Firm; stiff; hard; also, chilly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Nas`i*cor"nous (?), a. [L. nasus nose + cornu horn: cf. F. nasicorne.] (Zoöl.) Bearing a horn, or horns, on the nose, as the rhinoceros.

Nas"i*form (?), a. [L. nasus nose + -form. See Nose, and cf. Nariform.] Having the shape of a nose.

||Na*si*on (?), n. [NL., fr. L. nasus nose.] (Anat.) The middle point ||of the nasofrontal suture.

Na"so- (&?;). [L. nasus nose.] (Anat.) A combining form denoting pertaining to, or connected with, the nose; as, nasofrontal.

Na"so*buc"cal (?), a. [Naso + buccal.] (Anat.) Connected with both the nose and the mouth; as, the nasobuccal groove in the skate.

Na`so*fron"tal (?), a. [Naso- + frontal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nose and the front of the head; as, the embryonic nasofrontal process which forms the anterior boundary of the mouth.

Na`so*lach"ry*mal (?), a. [Naso- + lachrymal.] (Anat.) Connected with the lachrymal apparatus and the nose; as, the nasolachrymal, or lachrymal duct.

{ Na`so*pal"a*tal (?), Na`so*pal"a*tine (?) }, a. [Naso- + palatal.] (Anat.) Connected with both the nose and the palate; as, the nasopalatine or incisor, canal connecting the mouth and the nasal chamber in some animals; the nasopalatine nerve.

Na`so*phar`yn*ge"al (? or &?;), a. [Naso- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both throat and nose; as, a nasopharyngeal polypus.

Na`so*sep"tal (?), a. [Naso- + septal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the internasal septum.

Na`so*tur"bi*nal (?), a. [Naso- + turbinal.] (Anat.) Connected with, or near, both the turbinal and the nasal bones; as, the nasalturbinal bone, made up of the uppermost lammelæ of the ethmoturbinal, and sometimes united with the nasal. -- n. The nasoturbinal bone.

Nas"sa (?), n.; pl. E. Nassas (#), L. NassÆ (#). [From L. nassa a kind of basket, in allusion to the reticulation of some species.] (Zoöl.) Any species of marine gastropods, of the genera Nassa, Tritia, and other allied genera of the family Nassidæ; a dog whelk. See Illust. under Gastropoda.

-- nas"soid (#), a.

Nas"ti*ly (?), adv. In a nasty manner.

Nas"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being nasty; extreme filthness; dirtiness; also, indecency; obscenity.

The nastiness of Plautus and Aristophanes.

Dryden.

Nas*tur"tion (?), n. [See Nasturtium.] (Bot.) Same as Nasturtium.

Nas*tur"tium (?), n. [L. nasturtium, for nasitortium, fr. nasus nose + torquere, tortum, to twist, torture, in allusion to the causing one to make a wry face by its pungent taste. See Nose of the face, and Torture.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Tropæolum, geraniaceous herbs, having mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and including the common Indian cress (Tropæolum majus), the canary-bird flower (T. peregrinum), and about thirty more species, all natives of South America. The whole plant has a warm pungent flavor, and the fleshy fruits are used as a substitute for capers, while the leaves and flowers are sometimes used in salads.

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Nas"ty (?), a. [Compar. Nastier (&?;); superl. Nastiest.] [For older nasky; cf. dial. Sw. naskug, nasket.] 1. Offensively filthy; very dirty, foul, or defiled; disgusting; nauseous.

2. Hence, loosely: Offensive; disagreeable; unpropitious; wet; drizzling; as, a nasty rain, day, sky.

3. Characterized by obscenity; indecent; indelicate; gross; filthy.

Syn. -- Nasty, Filthy, Foul, Dirty. Anything nasty is usually wet or damp as well as filthy or dirty, and disgusts by its stickiness or odor; but filthy and foul imply that a thing is filled or covered with offensive matter, while dirty describes it as defiled or sullied with dirt of any kind; as, filthy clothing, foul vapors, etc.

Na"sute (?), a. [L. nasutus, fr. nasus the nose.] 1. Having a nice sense of smell. [Obs.] Evelyn.

2. Critically nice; captious. [Obs.] auden.

Na"sut*ness, n. Quickness of scent; hence, nice discernment; acuteness. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Nat (?), adv. Not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nat [For ne at.] Not at; nor at. [Obs.] haucer.

Na"tal (?), a. [L. natalis, fr. natus, p. p. of nasci to be born: cf. F. natal. See Nation, and cf. Noel.] 1. Of or pertaining to one's birth; accompying or dating from one's birth; native.

Princes' children took names from their natal places.

Camden.

Propitious star, whose sacred power Presided o'er the monarch's natal hour.

Prior.

2. (Actrol.) Presiding over nativity; as, natal Jove.

Syn. -- Native, natural. See Native.

{ Na`ta*li"tial (?), Na`ta*li"tious (?) }, a. [L. natalitius, from natalis. See Natal.] Of or pertaining to one's birth or birthday, or one's nativity. [Obs.] "Natalitial poplar." Evelyn. "Natalitious fire." W. Cartwright.

Na*tal"o*in (?), n. [From Natal aloes.] (Chem.) A bitter crystalline substance constituting the essential principle of Natal aloes. Cf. Aloon.

Na*tal" plum` (?). (Bot.) The drupaceous fruit of two South African shrubs of the genus Arduina (A. bispinosa and A. grandiflora).

Na"tals (?), n. pl. One's birth, or the circumstances attending it. [Obs.] Fitz- Geffry.

Na"tant (?), a. [L. natans, - antis, from swim, v. intens. fr. nare to swim: cf. F. natant.] 1. (Bot.) Floating in water, as the leaves of water lilies, or submersed, as those of many aquatic plants.

2. (Her.) Placed horizontally across the field, as if swimming toward the dexter side; said of all sorts of fishes except the flying fish.

Na"tant*ly (?), adv. In a floating manner; swimmingly.

Na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. natatio, fr. natare to swim: cf. F. natation. See Natant.] The act of floating on the water; swimming. Sir T. Browne.

||Na`ta*to"res (?), n. pl. [L. natator a swimmer.] (Zoöl.) The swimming ||birds.

They were formerly united into one order, which is now considered an artificial group.

Na`ta*to"rial (?), a. Inclined or adapted to swim; swimming; as, natatorial birds.

Na`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Adapted for swimming; -- said of the legs of certain insects.

||Na`ta*to"rium (?), n. [L.] A swimming bath.

Na"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. natatorius.] Adapted for swimming or floating; as, natatory organs.

Natch (?), n. [OF. nache fesse, LL. natica, from L. natis the rump, buttocks. Cf. Aitchbone.] The rump of beef; esp., the lower and back part of the rump.

Natch bone, the edgebone, or aitchbone, in beef.

Natch"ez (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly lived near the site of the city of Natchez, Mississippi. In 1729 they were subdued by the French; the survivors joined the Creek Confederacy.

Natch"nee (?), n. (Bot.) An annual grass (Eleusine coracona), cultivated in India as a food plant.

||Na"tes (?), n. pl. [L., the buttocks.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The buttocks. ||(b) The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the ||midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.

2. (Zoöl.) The umbones of a bivalve shell.

Nath (?). [Contr. fr. ne hath,] hath not. [Obs.]

Nath"less (?), adv. [OE. natheles, na the les, not the less, AS. n never. See Na, The, conj., and cf. Nevertheless.] Nevertheless. [Archaic] Chaucer. Milton. E. Arnold.

Nath"more` (?), adv. [OE. na the more.] Not the more; never the more. [Obs.] penser.

Nat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. Naticas (&?;), L. NaticÆ (- s). (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods belonging to Natica, Lunatia, Neverita, and other allied genera (family Naticidæ.) They burrow beneath the sand, or mud, and drill other shells.

Nat"i*coid (?), a. [Natica + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or belonging to Natica, or the family Naticidæ.

Na"tion (?), n. [F. nation, L. natio nation, race, orig., a being born, fr. natus, p. p. of nasci, to be born, for gnatus, gnasci, from the same root as E. kin. &radic;44. See Kin kindred, and cf. Cognate, Natal, Native.] 1. (Ethnol.) A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a stock.

All nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.

Rev. vii. 9.

2. The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent government of their own.

A nation is the unity of a people.

Coleridge.

Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation.

F. S. Key.

3. Family; lineage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (a) One of the divisions of university students in a classification according to nativity, formerly common in Europe. (b) (Scotch Universities) One of the four divisions (named from the parts of Scotland) in which students were classified according to their nativity.

5. A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; as, a nation of herbs. Sterne.

Five nations. See under Five. -- Law of nations. See International law, under International, and Law.

Syn. -- people; race. See People.

Na"tion*al (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. national.] 1. Of or pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race; public; general; as, a national government, language, dress, custom, calamity, etc.

2. Attached to one's own country or nation.

National anthem, a popular song or hymn which has become by general acceptance the recognized musical expression of the patriotic sentiment of a nation; as, "God save the King" is called the national anthem of England. -- National bank, the official common name of a class of banking corporations established under the laws of the United States. -- National flag. See under Flag. -- National guard, a body of militia, or a local military organization, as in Paris during the French Revolution, or as certain bodies of militia in other European countries and in the United States. -- National salute, a salute consisting of as many guns as there are States in the Union. [U.S.]

Na"tion*al*ism (?), n. 1. The state of being national; national attachment; nationality.

2. An idiom, trait, or character peculiar to any nation.

3. National independence; the principles of the Nationalists.

Na"tion*al*ist, n. One who advocates national unity and independence; one of a party favoring Irish independence.

Na`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nationalities (#). [Cf. F. nationalité.] 1. The quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation; patriotism.

2. The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation; national character.

3. A race or people, as determined by common language and character, and not by political bias or divisions; a nation.

the fulfillment of his mission is to be looked for in the condition of nationalities and the character of peoples.

H. W. Beecher.

4. Existence as a distinct or individual nation; national unity and integrity.

5. The state or quality of belonging to or being connected with a nation or government by nativity, character, ownership, allegiance, etc.

Na`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of nationalizing, or the state of being nationalized.

Na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nationalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nationalizing (?).] [Cf. F. nationaliser.] To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and attachment of citizens of a nation.

Na"tion*al*ly, adv. In a national manner or way; as a nation. "The jews . . . being nationally espoused to God by covenant." South.

Na"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being national; nationality. Johnson.

Na"tive (?), a. [F. natif, L. nativus, fr. nasci, p. p. natus. See Nation, and cf. Naïve, Nelf a serf.] 1. Arising by birth; having an origin; born. [Obs.]

Anaximander's opinion is, that the gods are native, rising and vanishing again in long periods of times.

Cudworth.

2. Of or pertaining to one's birth; natal; belonging to the place or the circumstances in which one is born; -- opposed to foreign; as, native land, language, color, etc.

3. Born in the region in which one lives; as, a native inhabitant, race; grown or originating in the region where used or sold; not foreign or imported; as, native oysters, or strawberries.

4. Original; constituting the original substance of anything; as, native dust. Milton.

5. Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with one; inherent; inborn; not acquired; as, native genius, cheerfulness, simplicity, rights, etc.

Courage is native to you.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

6. Naturally related; cognate; connected (with). [R.]

the head is not more native to the heart, . . . Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father.

Shak.

7. (Min.) (a) Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native silver. (b) Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride.

Native American party. See under American, a. -- Native bear (Zoöl.), the koala. -- Native bread (Bot.), a large underground fungus, of Australia (Mylitta australis), somewhat resembling a truffle, but much larger. -- Native devil. (Zoöl.) Same as Tasmanian devil, under Devil. -- Native hen (Zoöl.), an Australian rail (Tribonyx Mortierii). -- Native pheasant. (Zoöl.) See Leipoa. -- Native rabbit (Zoöl.), an Australian marsupial (Perameles lagotis) resembling a rabbit in size and form. -- Native sloth (Zoöl.), the koala. -- Native thrush (Zoöl.), an Australian singing bird (Pachycephala olivacea); -- called also thickhead. -- Native turkey (Zoöl.), the Australian bustard (Choriotis australis); -- called also bebilya.

Syn. -- Natural; natal; original; congential. -- Native, Natural, Natal. natural refers to the nature of a thing, or that which springs therefrom; native, to one's birth or origin; as, a native country, language, etc.; natal, to the circumstances of one's birth; as, a natal day, or star. Native talent is that which is inborn; natural talent is that which springs from the structure of the mind. Native eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion; natural eloquence is opposed to that which is studied or artificial.

Na"tive (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, is born in a place or country referred to; a denizen by birth; an animal, a fruit, or vegetable, produced in a certain region; as, a native of France.

2. (Stock Breeding) Any of the live stock found in a region, as distinguished from such as belong to pure and distinct imported breeds. [U.S.]

Na"tive*ly, adv. By natural or original condition; naturally; originally.

Na"tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being native.

Na"tiv*ism (?), n. 1. The disposition to favor the native inhabitants of a country, in preference to immigrants from foreign countries.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine of innate ideas, or that the mind possesses forms of thought independent of sensation.

Na"tiv*ist (?), n. An advocate of nativism.

Na`tiv*is"tic (?), a. Relating to nativism.

Na*tiv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Nativies (#). [F. nativité, L. nativitas. See Native, and cf. NaïvetÉ.] 1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc. Chaucer.

I have served him from the hour of my nativity.

Shak.

Thou hast left . . . the land of thy nativity.

Ruth ii. 11.

These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yield us, pregnant with infernal flame.

Milton.

2. (Fine Arts) A picture representing or symbolizing the early infancy of Christ. The simplest form is the babe in a rude cradle, and the heads of an ox and an ass to express the stable in which he was born.

3. (Astrol.) A representation of the positions of the heavenly bodies as the moment of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies; a horoscope.

The Nativity, the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas day. -- To cast, or calculate, one's nativity (Astrol.), to find out and represent the position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's birth.

Nat"ka (?), a. (Zoöl.) A species of shrike.

Na"tri*um (?), n. [NL. See Natron.] (Chem.) The technical name for sodium.

Na"tro*lite (?; 277), n. [Natron + -lite: cf. F. natrolithe.] (Min.) A zeolite occuring in groups of glassy acicular crystals, and in masses which often have a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and soda.

Na"tron (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. natron, Ar. natrn, nitrn. Cf. Niter, Anatron.] (Min.) Native sodium carbonate. [Written also anatron.]

Nat"ter (?), v. i. [Cf. Icel. knetta to grumble.] To find fault; to be peevish. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

Nat"ter*jack` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A European toad (Bufo calamita), having a yellow line along its back.

Nat"ty (?), a. [Cf. Neat clean.] Neat; tidy; spruce. [Colloq.]

-- Nat"ti*ly, adv. -- Nat"ti*ness, n.

Nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artificial, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.

With strong natural sense, and rare force of will.

Macaulay.

2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural consequence of crime; a natural death.

What can be more natural than the circumstances in the behavior of those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day?

Addison.

3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology.

I call that natural religion which men might know . . . by the mere principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience, without the help of revelation.

Bp. Wilkins.

4. Conformed to truth or reality; as: (a) Springing from true sentiment; not artificial or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc. (b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is natural.

5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings.

To leave his wife, to leave his babes, . . . He wants the natural touch.

Shak.

6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. "Natural friends." J. H. Newman.

7. Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.

8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.

The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God.

1 Cor. ii. 14.

9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.

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10. (Mus.) (a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. Chaucer.

-- Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas. etc. -- Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. -- Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of botany, zoölogy, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zoölogy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. -- Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. -- Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. -- Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order. -- Natural person. (Law) See under person, n. -- Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. -- Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale -- Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. -- Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See Darwinism. -- Natural system (Bot. & Zoöl.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.

It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand divisions.

Gray.

-- Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3. -- Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel, under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, § 17.

Syn. -- See Native.

Nat"u*ral (?; 135), n. 1. A native; an aboriginal. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. pl. Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [Obs.] Fuller.

3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot. "The minds of naturals." Locke.

4. (Mus.) A character [] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note.

Nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisme.] 1. A state of nature; conformity to nature.

2. (Metaph.) The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will.

Nat"u*ral*ist, n. [Cf. F. naturaliste.] 1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals.

2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion. H. Bushnell.

Nat`u*ral*is"tic (?), a. 1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.

2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. "Naturalistic bit of pantomime." W. D. Howells.

Nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. naturalitas: cf. F. naturalité.] Nature; naturalness. [R.]

Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. naturalisation.] The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized.

Nat"u*ral*ize (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Naturalized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Naturalizing (#).] [Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural.] 1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.

2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.

3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words.

4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions.

Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate.

Hawthorne.

Nat"u*ral*ize, v. i. 1. To become as if native.

2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.

Infected by this naturalizing tendency.

H. Bushnell.

Nat"u*ral*ly, adv. In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously.

Nat"u*ral*ness, n. The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.

Na"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. natura, fr. natus born, produced, p. p. of nasci to be born. See Nation.] 1. The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe.

But looks through nature up to nature's God.

Pope.

Nature has caprices which art can not imitate.

Macaulay.

2. The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail; the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; -- often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a creating or ordering intelligence.

I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions.

Milton.

3. The established or regular course of things; usual order of events; connection of cause and effect.

4. Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artificial, or forced, or remote from actual experience.

One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.

Shak.

5. The sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality of being.

Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem, Their nature also to thy nature join, And be thyself man among men on earth.

Milton.

6. Hence: Kind, sort; character; quality.

A dispute of this nature caused mischief.

Dryden.

7. Physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural life. "My days of nature." Shak.

Oppressed nature sleeps.

Shak.

8. Natural affection or reverence.

Have we not seen The murdering son ascend his parent's bed, Through violated nature foce his way?

Pope.

9. Constitution or quality of mind or character.

A born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick.

Shak.

That reverence which is due to a superior nature.

Addison.

Good nature, Ill nature. see under Good and Ill. -- In a state of nature. (a) Naked as when born; nude. (b) In a condition of sin; unregenerate. (c) Untamed; uncvilized. -- Nature printng, a process of printing from metallic or other plates which have received an impression, as by heavy pressure, of an object such as a leaf, lace, or the like. -- Nature worship, the worship of the personified powers of nature. -- To pay the debt of nature, to die.

Na"ture, v. t. To endow with natural qualities. [Obs.]

He [God] which natureth every kind.

Gower.

Na"tured (?; 135), a. Having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; -- used in composition; as, good-natured, ill-natured, etc.

Na"ture*less (?), a. Not in accordance with nature; unnatural. [Obs.] Milton.

Na"tur*ism (?), n. (Med.) The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as a sanative agent.

Na"tur*ist, n. One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism. Boyle.

Na*tu"ri*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being produced by nature. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Na"tur*ize (?), v. t. To endow with a nature or qualities; to refer to nature. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Nau"frage (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L. naufragium; navis + frangere.] Shipwreck; ruin. [Obs.] acon.

Nau"fra*gous (?), a. [L. naufragus. See Naufrage.] causing shipwreck. [Obs.] r. Taylor.

Naught (?), n. [OE. naught, nought, naht, nawiht, AS. n&?;wiht, n&?;uht, n&?;ht; ne not + &?; ever + wiht thing, whit; hence, not ever a whit. See No, adv. Whit, and cf. Aught, Not.] 1. Nothing. [Written also nought.]

Doth Job fear God for naught?

Job i. 9.

2. The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See Cipher.

To set at naught, to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. "Ye have set at naught all my counsel." Prov. i. 25.

Naught, adv. In no degree; not at all. Chaucer.

To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied.

Fairfax.

Naught, a. 1. Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless.

It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer.

Prov. xx. 14.

Go, get you to your house; begone, away! All will be naught else.

Shak.

Things naught and things indifferent.

Hooker.

2. Hence, vile; base; naughty. [Obs.]

No man can be stark naught at once.

Fuller.

Naugh"ti*ly (?), adv. In a naughty manner; wickedly; perversely. Shak.

Naugh"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness.

I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart.

1 Sam. xvii. 28.

Naught"ly (?), adv. Naughtily; wrongly. [Obs.]

because my parents naughtly brought me up.

Mir. for Mag.

Naugh"ty (?), a. [Compar. Naughtier (?); superl. Naughtiest.] 1. Having little or nothing. [Obs.]

[Men] that needy be and naughty, help them with thy goods.

Piers Plowman.

2. Worthless; bad; good for nothing. [Obs.]

The other basket had very naughty figs.

Jer. xxiv. 2.

3. hence, corrupt; wicked. [Archaic]

So shines a good deed in a naughty world.

Shak.

4. Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; as, a naughty child.

This word is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children, or in sportive censure.

Nau"ma*chy (?), n. [L. naumachia, Gr. &?;; &?; ship + &?; fight, battle, &?; to fight.] 1. A naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for such exhibitions.

||Nau"pli*us (?), n.; pl. Nauplii (#). [L., a kind of shellfish, fr. ||Gr. &?; ship + &?; to sail.] (Zoöl.) A crustacean larva having three ||pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to the antennules, antennæ, ||and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the ||body.

Nau`ro*pom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; ship + &?; inclination + -meter.] (Naut.) An instrument for measuring the amount which a ship heels at sea.

Naus"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; ship + - scopy: cf. F. nauscopie.] (Naut.) The power or act of discovering ships or land at considerable distances.

Nau"se*a (? or &?;), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; ship. See Nave of a church, and cf. Noise.] Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing.

Nau"se*ant (?), n. [L. nauseans, p. pr. Of nauseare.] (Med.) A substance which produces nausea.

Nau"se*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nauseated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nauseating.] [L. nauseare, nauseatum, fr. nausea. See Nausea.] To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.

Nau"se*ate, v. t. 1. To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust.

2. To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe.

The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods.

Blackmore.

Nau`se*a"tion (?), n. The act of nauseating, or the state of being nauseated.

Nau"se*a*tive (? or &?;), a. Causing nausea; nauseous.

Nau"seous (?; 277), a. [L. nauseosus.] Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome; disgusting; exciting abhorrence; as, a nauseous drug or medicine. -- Nau"seous*ly, adv. -- Nau"seous*ness, n.

The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man.

Dryden.

||Nautch (?), n. [Hind. nch, fr. Skr. ntya dance.] An entertainment ||consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing (or Nautch) ||girls. [India]

Nau"tic (?), a. [See Nautical.] Nautical.

Nau"tic*al (?), a. [L. nauticus, Gr. naytiko`s, fr. nay`ths a seaman, sailor, fr. nay^s ship: cf. F. nautique. See Nave of a church.] Of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to ships; as, nautical skill.

Syn. -- Naval; marine; maritime. See Naval.

Nautical almanac. See under Almanac. -- Nautical distance, the length in nautical miles of the rhumb line joining any two places on the earth's surface. -- nautical mile. See under Mile.

Nau"tic*al*ly, adv. In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affairs.

Nau"ti*form (?), a. [Gr. nay^s ship + -form.] Shaped like the hull of a ship.

Nau"ti*lite (?), n. (paleon.) A fossil nautilus.

Nau"ti*loid (?), a. [Nautilus + -oid: cf. F. nautiloïde.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus shell. -- n. A mollusk, or shell, of the genus Nautilus or family Nautilidæ.

Nau"ti*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Nautiluses (#), L. Nautili (#). [L., fr. Gr. nayti`los a seaman, sailor, a kind of shellfish which was supposed to be furnished with a membrane which served as a sail; fr. nay^s ship. See Nave of a church.] 1. (Zoöl.) The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata.

The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined.

2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. See Argonauta, and Paper nautilus, under Paper.

3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.

Na"va*joes (?), n. pl.; sing. Navajo (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture.

Na"val (?), a. [L. navalis, fr. navis ship: cf. F. naval. See Nave of a church.] Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; as, naval forces, successes, stores, etc.

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Naval brigade, a body of seamen or marines organized for military service on land. -- Naval officer. (a) An officer in the navy. (b) A high officer in some United States customhouses. -- Naval tactics, the science of managing or maneuvering vessels sailing in squadrons or fleets.

Syn. -- Nautical; marine; maritime. -- Naval, Nautical. Naval is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the things which pertain to them or in which they participate; nautical, to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a naval, as opposed to a military, engagement; naval equipments or stores, a naval triumph, a naval officer, etc., and of nautical pursuits or instruction, nautical calculations, a nautical almanac, etc.

Na"vals (?), n. pl. Naval affairs. [Obs.]

Na"varch (?), n. [L. navarchus, Gr. nay`archo`s; nay^s ship + 'archo`s chief.] (Gr. Antiq.) The commander of a fleet. Mitford.

Na"varch*y (?), n. [Gr. nayarchi`a.] Nautical skill or experience. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

Na`var*rese" (? or &?;), a. Of or pertaining to Navarre. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Navarre; the people of Navarre.

Nave (nv), n. [AS. nafu; akin to D. naaf, G. nabe, OHG. naba, Icel. nöf, Dan. nav, Sw. naf, Skr. nbhi nave and navel: cf. L. umbo boss of a shield. &radic;260. Cf. Navel.] 1. The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also hub or hob.

2. The navel. [Obs.] hak.

Nave, n. [F. nef, fr. L. navis ship, to which the church was often likened; akin to Gr. nay`archo`s, Skr. nus, and perh. to AS. naca boat, G. nachen, Icel. nökkvi; cf. L. nare to swim, float. Cf. Nausea, Nautical, Naval.] (Arch.) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.

Na"vel (n"v'l), n. [AS. nafela, fr. nafu nave; akin to D. navel, G. nabel, OHG. nabolo, Icel. nafli, Dan. navle, Sw. nafle, L. umbilicus, Gr. 'omfalo`s, Skr. nbhla. &radic;260. See Nave hub, and cf. Omphalic, Nombril, Umbilical.] 1. (Anat.) A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See Umbilicus.

2. The central part or point of anything; the middle.

Within the navel of this hideous wood, Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells.

Milton.

3. (Gun.) An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage.

Navel gall, a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. -- Navel point. (Her.) Same as Nombril.

Na"vel-string` (?), n. The umbilical cord.

Na"vel*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European perennial succulent herb (Cotyledon umbilicus), having round, peltate leaves with a central depression; -- also called pennywort, and kidneywort.

Na"vew (?), n. [OE. navel, naveau, a dim. fr. L. napus navew. Cf. Napiform.] (Bot.) A kind of small turnip, a variety of Brassica campestris. See Brassica. [Writen also naphew.]

Na*vic"u*lar (?), a. [L. navicularius, fr. navicula, dim. of navis ship: cf. F. naviculaire.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a boat or ship.

2. Shaped like a boat; cymbiform; scaphoid; as, the navicular glumes of most grasses; the navicular bone.

Navicular bone. (Anat.) (a) One of the middle bones of the tarsus, corresponding to the centrale; -- called also scaphoid. (b) A proximal bone on the radial side of the carpus; the scaphoid. -- Navicular disease (Far.), a disease affecting the navicular bone, or the adjacent parts, in a horse's foot.

Na*vic"u*lar, n. (Anat.) The navicular bone.

Nav`i*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. navigabilité.] The quality or condition of being navigable; navigableness.

Nav"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. navigabilis: cf. F. navigable. See Navigate.] Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels; as, a navigable river.

By the common law, a river is considered as navigable only so far as the tide ebbs and flows in it. This is also the doctrine in several of the United States. In other States, the doctrine of the civil law prevails, which is, that a navigable river is a river capable of being navigated, in the common sense of the term. Kent. Burrill.

-- Nav"i*ga*ble*ness, n. -- Nav"i*ga*bly, adv.

Nav"i*gate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Navigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Navigating.] [L. navigatus, p. p. of navigare, v.t. & i.; navis ship + agere to move, direct. See Nave, and Agent.] To journey by water; to go in a vessel or ship; to perform the duties of a navigator; to use the waters as a highway or channel for commerce or communication; to sail.

The Phenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western Ocean.

Arbuthnot.

Nav"i*gate, v. t. 1. To pass over in ships; to sail over or on; as, to navigate the Atlantic.

2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing; to conduct (ships) upon the water by the art or skill of seamen; as, to navigate a ship.

Nav`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. navigatio: cf. F. navigation.] 1. The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; the state of being navigable.

2. (a) the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy. (b) The management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling by water; seamanship.

3. Ships in general. [Poetic] Shak.

Aërial navigation, the act or art of sailing or floating in the air, as by means of ballons; aëronautic. -- Inland navigation, Internal navigation, navigation on rivers, inland lakes, etc.

Nav"i*ga`tor (?), n. One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; as, Bowditch's Navigator.

Na*vig"er*ous (?), a. [L. naviger; navis ship + gerere to bear.] Bearing ships; capable of floating vessels. [R.] Blount.

Nav"vy (?), n.; pl. Navies (#). [Abbreviated fr. navigator.] Originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence, a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads, embankments, etc. [Eng.]

Na"vy (?); n.; pl. Navies (#). [ OF. navie, fr. L. navis ship. See Nave of a church.] 1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. "The navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir." 1 kings x. 11.

2. The whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler, considered collectively; as, the navy of Italy.

3. The officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; as, he belongs to the navy.

Navy bean. see Bean. -- Navy yard, a place set apart as a shore station for the use of the navy. It often contains all the mechanical and other appliences for building and equipping war vessels and training their crews.

||Na*wab" (?), n. [See Nabob.] A deputy ruler or viceroy in India; ||also, a title given by courtesy to other persons of high rank in the ||East.

Nawl (?), n. [See Nall.] An awl. [Obs.] usser.

Nay (?), adv. [Icel. nei; akin to E. no. See No, adv.] 1. No; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made, now superseded by no. See Yes.

And eke when I say "ye," ne say not "nay."

Chaucer.

I tell you nay; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewisr perish.

Luke xiii. 3.

And now do they thrust us out privily? nay, verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out.

Acts xvi. 37.

He that will not when he may, When he would he shall have nay.

Old Prov.

Before the time of Henry VIII. nay was used to answer simple questions, and no was used when the form of the question involved a negative expression; nay was the simple form, no the emphatic. Skeat.

2. Not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase.

Nay in this sense may be interchanged with yea. "Were he my brother, nay, my kingdom's heir." Shak.

Nay, n.; pl. Nays (&?;). 1. Denial; refusal.

2. a negative vote; one who votes in the negative.

It is no nay, there is no denying it. [Obs.] haucer.

Nay, v. t. & i. To refuse. [Obs.] Holinshed.

||Na*yaur" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A specied of wild sheep (Ovis Hodgsonii), ||native of Nepaul and Thibet. It has a dorsal mane and a white ruff ||beneath the neck.

Nayt (?), v. t. [Icel. neita.] To refuse; to deny. [Obs.] "He shall not nayt ne deny his sin." Chaucer.

Nay"ward (?), n. The negative side. [R.]

Howe'er you lean to the nayward.

Shak.

Nay"word` (?), n. A byword; a proverb; also, a watchword. [Obs.] hak.

Naz`a*rene" (?), n. [L. Nazarenus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Nazareth.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to Christ and the early Christians.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Judaizing Christians in the first and second centuries, who observed the laws of Moses, and held to certain heresies.

Naz"a*rite (?), n. A Jew bound by a vow to lave the hair uncut, to abstain from wine and strong drink, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion, the obligation being for life, or for a certain time. The word is also used adjectively.

Naz"a*rite*ship, n. The state of a Nazarite.

Naz`a*rit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a Nazarite, or to Nazarites.

Naz"a*ri*tism (?; 277), n. The vow and practice of a Nazarite.

Naze (?), n. [See Ness.] A promontory or headland.

Naz"i*rite (?), n. A Nazarite.

Ne (?), adv. [AS. ne. See No.] Not; never. [Obs.]

He never yet no villany ne said.

Chaucer.

Ne was formerly used as the universal adverb of negation, and survives in certain compounds, as never (= ne ever) and none (= ne one). Other combinations, now obsolete, will be found in the Vocabulary, as nad, nam, nil. See Negative, 2.

Ne, conj. [See Ne, adv.] Nor. [Obs.] Shak.

No niggard ne no fool.

Chaucer.

Ne . . . ne, neither . . . nor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Neaf (?), n. See 2d Neif. Shak.

Neal (?), v. t. To anneal. [R.] Chaucer.

Neal, v. i. To be tempered by heat. [R.] Bacon.

Neap (?), n. [Cf. Neb, Nape.] The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals. [U.S.]

Neap (?), a. [As. npfld neap flood; cf. hnipian to bend, incline.] Low.

Neap tides, the lowest tides of the lunar month, which occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to spring tides.

Neap, n. A neap tide.

High springs and dead neaps.

Harkwill.

Neaped (?), a. (Naut.) Left aground on the height of a spring tide, so that it will not float till the next spring tide; -- called also beneaped.

Ne`a*pol"i*tan (?), a. [L. Neapolitanus, fr. Neapolis Naples, Gr. &?;, lit., New town.] Of of pertaining to Naples in Italy. -- n. A native or citizen of Naples.

Near (nr), adv. [AS. neár, compar. of neáh nigh. See Nigh.] 1. At a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not remote; nigh.

My wife! my traitress! let her not come near me.

Milton.

2. Nearly; almost; well-nigh. "Near twenty years ago." Shak. "Near a fortnight ago." Addison.

Near about the yearly value of the land.

Locke.

3. Closely; intimately. Shak.

Far and near, at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region. -- To come near to, to want but little of; to approximate to. "Such a sum he found would go near to ruin him." Addison.

-- Near the wind (Naut.), close to the wind; closehauled.

Near (?), a. [Compar. Nearer (?); superl. Nearest.] [See Near, adv.] 1. Not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh. "As one near death." Shak.

He served great Hector, and was ever near, Not with his trumpet only, but his spear.

Dryden.

2. Closely connected or related.

She is thy father's near kinswoman.

Lev. xviii. 12.

3. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting intimately; intimate; dear; as, a near friend.

4. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling; as, a version near to the original.

5. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; as, a near escape.

6. Next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the Unted States, on the left of an animal or a team; as, the near ox; the near leg. See Off side, under Off, a.

7. Immediate; direct; close; short. "The nearest way." Milton.

8. Close-fisted; parsimonious. [Obs. or Low, Eng.]

Near may properly be followed by to before the thing approached'; but more frequently to is omitted, and the adjective or the adverb is regarded as a preposition. The same is also true of the word nigh.

Syn. -- Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate; contiguous; present; ready; intimate; dear.

Near, prep. Adjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; as, the ship sailed near the land. See the Note under near, a.

Near, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neared (?); p. pr. & vb. n Nearing.] [See Near, adv.] To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship neared the land.

Near, v. i. To draw near; to approach.

A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! And still it neared, and neared.

Coleridge.

Ne*arc"tic (?), a. [Neo + arctic.] Of or pertaining to a region of the earth's surface including all of temperate and arctic North America and Greenland. In the geographical distribution of animals, this region is marked off as the habitat certain species.

Near"hand` (?), a. & adv. Near; near at hand; closely. [Obs. or Scot.] Bacon.

Near"-legged` (?), a. Having the feet so near together that they interfere in traveling. Shak.

Near"ly, adv. In a near manner; not remotely; closely; intimately; almost.

Near"ness, n. The state or quality of being near; -- used in the various senses of the adjective.

Near"sight`ed (?), a. Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted. -- Near"sight`ed*ness, n. See Myopic, and Myopia.

Neat (?), n. sing. & pl. [AS. neát; akin to OHG. n&?;z, Icel. naut, Sw. nöt, Dan. nöd, and to AS. neótan to make use of, G. geniessen, Goth. niutan to have a share in, have joy of, Lith. nauda use, profit.] (Zoöl.) Cattle of the genus Bos, as distinguished from horses, sheep, and goats; an animal of the genus Bos; as, a neat's tongue; a neat's foot. Chaucer.

Wherein the herds[men] were keeping of their neat.

Spenser.

The steer, the heifer, and the calf Are all called neat.

Shak.

A neat and a sheep of his own.

Tusser.

Neat's-foot, an oil obtained by boiling the feet of neat cattle. It is used to render leather soft and pliable.

Neat, a. [See neat, n.] Of or pertaining to the genus Bos, or to cattle of that genus; as, neat cattle.

Neat, a. [Compar. Neater (?); superl. Neatest.] [OE. nett, F. nett, fr. L. nitidus, fr. nitere to shine. Cf. Nitid, Net, a., Natty.] 1. Free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly; tidy.

If you were to see her, you would wonder what poor body it was that was so surprisingly neat and clean.

Law.

2. Free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; as, a neat style; a neat dress.

3. Free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; as, neat brandy. "Our old wine neat." Chapman.

4. Excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice; finished; adroit; as, a neat design; a neat thief.

5. With all deductions or allowances made; net. [In this sense usually written net. See Net, a., 3.]

neat line (Civil Engin.), a line to which work is to be built or formed. -- Neat work, work built or formed to neat lines.

Syn. -- Nice; pure; cleanly; tidy; trim; spruce.

'Neath (? or &?;), prep. & adv. An abbreviation of Beneath. [Poetic]

Neat"herd` (?), n. A person who has the care of neat cattle; a cowherd. Dryden.

Neat"house` (?), n. A building for the shelter of neat cattle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Massinger.

Neat"i*fy (?), v. t. [Neat, a. + -fy.] To make neat. [Obs.] olland.

Neat"ly, adv. In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully.

neat"ness, n. The state or quality of being neat.

Neat"ress (?), n. [From neat cattle.] A woman who takes care of cattle. [R.] Warner.

Neb (?), n. [AS. nebb head, face; akin to D. neb, Icel. nef, beak of a bird, nose, Dan. næb beak, bill, Sw. näbb, näf, and prob. also to D. sneb, snavel, bill, beak, G. schnabel, Dan. & Sw. snabel, and E. snap. Cf. Nib, Snap, Snaffle.] The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen. [Also written nib.] Shak.

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||Ne*ba"li*a (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ||small marine Crustacea, considered the type of a distinct order ||(Nebaloidea, or Phyllocarida.)

Neb"-neb` (?), n. Same as Bablh.

Neb"u*la (?), n.; pl. Nebulæ (#). [L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, cloud, mist, G. nebel mist, OHG. nebul, D. nevel, Skr. nabhas cloud, mist. Cf. Nebule.] 1. (Astron.) A faint, cloudlike, self- luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebulæ are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope.

2. (Med.) (a) A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. [Obs.]

Neb"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to nebulæ; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula.

Nebular hypothesis, an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.

Neb"u*la`ted (?), a. Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal.

Neb`u*la"tion (?), n. The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-defined, color mark.

Neb"ule (?), n. [Cf. F. nébule. See nebula.] A little cloud; a cloud. [Obs.]

O light without nebule.

Old Ballad.

{ ||Né`bu`lé" (?), Neb"u*ly (?) }, a. [F. nébulé.] (Her.) Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded.

Neb`u*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act or process of nebulizing; atomization.

Neb"u*lize (?), v. t. [See Nebula.] To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.

Neb"u*li`zer (?), n. An atomizer.

Neb"u*lose` (?), a. Nebulous; cloudy. Derham.

Neb`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. nebulositas: cf. F. nébulosité] 1. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; haziness; mistiness; nebulousness.

The nebulosity . . . of the mother idiom.

I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.) (a) The stuff of which a nebula is formed. (b) A nebula.

Neb"u*lous (?), a. [L. nebulosus: cf. F. nébuleux. See Nebula.] 1. Cloudy; hazy; misty.

2. (Astron.) Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike.

-- Neb"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Neb"u*lous*ness, n.

Neb"u*ly, n. (Her. & Arch.) A line or a decoration composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resemble a cloud. See Nébulé

Nec`es*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. nécessarien. See Necessary.] An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a necessitarian.

Nec`es*sa"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to necessarianism.

Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism. Hixley.

Nec"es*sa*ri*ly (?), adv. In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably; indispensably.

Nec"es*sa*ri*ness, n. The quality of being necessary.

Nec"es*sa*ry (?), a. [L. necessarius, from necesse unavoidable, necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. nécessaire.] 1. Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable.

Death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.

Shak.

2. Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requisite; essential. "'T is necessary he should die." Shak.

A certain kind of temper is necessary to the pleasure and quiet of our minds.

Tillotson.

3. Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to free; as, whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed.

Nec"es*sa*ry, n.; pl. Necessaries (&?;). 1. A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the necessaries of life.

2. A privy; a water-closet.

3. pl. (Law) Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian.

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.

Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; determinism. M. Arnold.

Ne*ces"si*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necessitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Necessitating (?).] [Cf. L. necessitatus, p. p. of necessitare, and F. nécessiter. See Necessity.] 1. To make necessary or indispensable; to render unavoidable.

Sickness [might] necessitate his removal from the court.

South.

This fact necessitates a second line.

J. Peile.

2. To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel.

The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was necessitated to draw all his army into York.

Clarendon.

Ne*ces`si*tat"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. nécessitation.] The act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion. [R.] bp. Bramhall.

Ne*ces"si*tied (?), a. In a state of want; necessitous. [Obs.] Shak.

Ne*ces"si*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. nécessiteux.] 1. Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.

Necessitous heirs and penurious parents.

Arbuthnot.

2. Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; as, necessitous circumstances.

-- Ne*ces"si*tous*ly, adv. -- Ne*ces"si*tous*ness, n.

Ne*ces"si*tude (?), n. [L. necessitudo, fr. necesse. See Necessray.] 1. Necessitousness; want. Sir M. Hale.

2. Necessary connection or relation.

Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is so great a necessitude, propriety, and intercourse of nature.

Jer. Taylor.

Ne*ces"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Necessities (#). [OE. necessite, F. nécessité, L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See Necessary.] 1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.

2. The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want.

Urge the necessity and state of times.

Shak.

The extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in.

Clarendon.

3. That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; -- often in the plural.

These should be hours for necessities, Not for delights.

Shak.

What was once to me Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown The vast necessity of heart and life.

Tennyson.

4. That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality.

So spake the fiend, and with necessity, The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds.

Milton.

5. (Metaph.) The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism.

Of necessity, by necessary consequence; by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce.

Syn. -- See Need.

Neck (?), n. [OE. necke, AS. hnecca; akin to D. nek the nape of the neck, G. nacken, OHG. nacch, hnacch, Icel. hnakki, Sw. nacke, Dan. nakke.] 1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.

2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal; as: (a) The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd. (b) A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. (c) (Mus.) That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board.

3. (Mech.) A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft.

4. (Bot.) the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root.

Neck and crop, completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.] -- Neck and neck (Racing), so nearly equal that one cannot be said to be before the other; very close; even; side by side. -- Neck of a capital. (Arch.) See Gorgerin. -- Neck of a cascabel (Gun.), the part joining the knob to the base of the breech. -- Neck of a gun, the small part of the piece between the chase and the swell of the muzzle. -- Neck of a tooth (Anat.), the constriction between the root and the crown. -- Neck or nothing (Fig.), at all risks. -- Neck verse. (a) The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, "Miserere mei," etc. Sir W. Scott. (b) Hence, a verse or saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth.

These words, "bread and cheese," were their neck verse or shibboleth to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being presently put to death.

Fuller.

-- Neck yoke. (a) A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses. (b) A device with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap) suspended from one's shoulders. -- On the neck of, immediately after; following closely. "Commiting one sin on the neck of another." W. Perkins. -- Stiff neck, obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy; contumacy. "I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck." Deut. xxxi. 27. -- To break the neck of, to destroy the main force of. "What they presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules . . . breaks the neck of their own cause." Milton. -- To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. Neh. ix. 17. -- To tread on the neck of, to oppress; to tyrannize over.

Neck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Necked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Necking.] (Mech.) To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; -- used with down; as, to neck down a shaft.

Neck"ar nut` (?). (Bot.) See Nicker nut.

Neck"band` (?), n. A band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top of a garment.

Neck"cloth` (?; 115), n. A piece of any fabric worn around the neck.

Necked (?), a. 1. Having (such) a neck; -- chiefly used in composition; as, stiff- necked.

2. (Naut.) Cracked; -- said of a treenail.

Neck"er*chief (?), n. [For neck kerchief.] A kerchief for the neck; -- called also neck handkerchief.

Neck"ing, n. Same as Neckmold.

Neck"lace (?; 48), n. 1. A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament.

2. (Naut.) A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays.

neck"laced (?), a. Wearing a necklace; marked as with a necklace.

The hooded and the necklaced snake.

Sir W. Jones.

neck"land (?), n. A neck of land. [Obs.]

neck"let (?), n. A necklace. E. Anold.

{ Neck"mold`, Neck"mould` } (?), n. (Arch.) A small convex molding surrounding a column at the junction of the shaft and capital. Weale.

Neck"plate` (?), n. See Gorget, 1 and 2.

Neck"tie` (?), n. A scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in front of the neck.

Neck"wear` (?), n. A collective term for cravats, collars, etc. [Colloq. or trade name]

Neck"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An American annual weed (veronica peregrina), with small white flowers and a roundish pod. (b) The hemp; -- so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals. Dr. prior.

||Nec`ro*bi*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; dead + &?; way of life, fr. ||&?; life.] (Biol. & Med.) The death of a part by molecular ||disintegration and without loss of continuity, as in the processes of ||degeneration and atrophy. Virchow.

Nec`ro*bi*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol. & Med.) Of or pertaining to necrobiosis; as, a necrobiotic metamorphosis.

Ne*crol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dead person + &?; to worship.] The worship of the dead; manes worship. H. Spenser.

Nec"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a corpse + -lite.] (Min.) Same as Necronite.

{ Nec`ro*log"ic (?), Nec`ro*log"ic*al (?) }, a. [Cf. F. nécrologique.] Of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology; relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths.

Ne*crol"o*gist (?), n. One who gives an account of deaths.

Ne*crol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Necrologies (#). [Gr. &?; a dead person + - logy: cf. F. nécrologie. See Necromancy.] An account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a collection of obituary notices.

Nec"ro*man`cer (?), n. One who practices necromancy; a sorcerer; a wizard.

Nec"ro*man`cy (?), n. [OE. nigromaunce, nigromancie, OF. nigromance, F. nécromance, nécromancie, from L. necromantia, Gr. &?;; &?; a dead body (akin to L. necare to kill, Skr. na(&?;) to perish, vanish) + &?; divination, fr. &?; diviner, seer, akin to E. mania. See Mania, and cf. Internecine, Noxious. The old spelling is due to confusion with L. niger black. Hence the name black art.] The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. See Black art.

This palace standeth in the air, By necromancy placèd there.

Drayton.

Nec`ro*man"tic (?), n. Conjuration. [R.]

With all the necromantics of their art.

Young.

{ Nec`ro*man"tic (?), Nec`ro*man"tic*al (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy. -- Nec`ro*man"tic*al*ly, adv.

Nec"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dead body.] (Min.) Fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid odor.

Ne*croph"a*gan (?), a. [See Necrophagous.] (Zoöl.) Eating carrion. -- n. (Zoöl.) Any species of a tribe (Necrophaga) of beetles which, in the larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle.

Ne*croph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?; eating corpses; &?; a dead body + &?; to eat: cf. F. nécrophage.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Necrophaga; eating carrion. See Necrophagan.

Nec`ro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dead body + &?; to fear.] An exaggerated fear of death or horror of dead bodies.

Nec"ro*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dead body + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus Necrophorus and allied genera; -- called also burying beetle, carrion beetle, sexton beetle.

Ne*crop"o*lis (?), n.; pl. Necropolises (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; a dead body, adj., dead + &?; city.] A city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a graveyard.

Nec"rop*sy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a dead body + &?; sight: cf. F. nécropsie.] (Med.) A post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. See Autopsy.

{ Nec`ro*scop"ic (?), Nec`ro*scop"ic*al (?) }, a. [Gr. &?; a dead body + -scope.] Or or relating to post-mortem examinations.

Ne*crose" (?), v. t. & i. (Med.) To affect with necrosis; to undergo necrosis. Quain.

Ne*crosed" (?), a. (Med.) Affected by necrosis; dead; as, a necrosed bone. Dunglison.

<! p. 968 !>

||Ne*cro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make dead, to ||mortify, &?; a dead body.] 1. (med.) Mortification or gangrene of ||bone, or the death of a bone or portion of a bone in mass, as opposed ||to its death by molecular disintegration. See Caries.

2. (Bot.) A disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from the bark to the center.

Ne*crot"ic (?), a. (Med.) Affected with necrosis; as, necrotic tissue; characterized by, or producing, necrosis; as, a necrotic process.

Nec"tar (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Myth. & Poetic) The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage.

2. (Bot.) A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.

Nec*ta"re*al (?), a. 1. Nectareous.

2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a nectary.

Nec*ta"re*an (?), a. [L. nectareus: cf. F. nectaréen.] Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant. "nectarean juice." Talfourd.

Nec"tared (?), a. Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar. Milton.

Nec*ta"re"ous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious; nectarean. Pope.

-- Nec*ta"re*ous*ly, adv. -- Nec*ta"re*ous*ness, n.

Nec*ta"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the nectary of a plant.

Nec"ta*ried (?), a. Having a nectary.

Nec`tar*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. nectar nectar + -ferous: cf. F. nectarifère.] (Bot.) Secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts.

Nec"tar*ine (?), a. Nectareous. [R.] Milton.

Nec"tar*ine, n. [Cf. F. nectarine. See Nectar.] (Bot.) A smooth- skinned variety of peach.

Spanish nectarine, the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also called cocoa plum. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely exported from Cuba.

Nec"tar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nectarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nectarizing (?).] To mingle or infuse with nectar; to sweeten. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Nec"tar*ous (?), a. Nectareous. Milton.

Nec"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Nectaries (#). [From Nectar: cf. F. nectaire.] (Bot.) That part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. See the Illustration of Nasturtium.

||Nec`to*ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. Nectocalyces (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ||swimming + &?; a calyx.] (Zoöl.) (a) The swimming bell or umbrella of ||a jellyfish of medusa. (b) One of the zooids of certain Siphonophora, ||having somewhat the form, and the essential structure, of the bell of ||a jellyfish, and acting as a swimming organ.

{ Nec"to*sac, Nec"to*sack } (?), n. [Gr. &?; swimming + E. sac, sack.] (Zoöl.) The cavity of a nectocalyx.

Nec"to*stem (?), n. [Gr. &?; swimming + E. stem.] (Zoöl.) That portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the Siphonophora.

Ned"der (?), n. [See Adder.] (Zoöl.) An adder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

Ned"dy (?), n.; pl. Neddies (&?;). (Zoöl.) A pet name for a donkey.

||Nee (?), p. p., fem. [F., fr. L. nata, fem. of natus, p. p. of nasci ||to be born. See Nation.] Born; -- a term sometimes used in ||introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs ||by birth; as, Madame de Staël, née Necker.

Need (?), n. [OE. need, neod, nede, AS. neád, nd; akin to D. nood, G. not, noth, Icel. nauðr, Sw. & Dan. nöd, Goth. naups.] 1. A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want.

And the city had no need of the sun.

Rev. xxi. 23.

I have no need to beg.

Shak.

Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy.

Jer. Taylor.

2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution. Chaucer.

Famine is in thy cheeks; Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes.

Shak.

3. That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.) necessary things; business. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. Situation of need; peril; danger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn. -- Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress; destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury. -- Need, Necessity. Necessity is stronger than need; it places us under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the necessity of going without that of which we stand very greatly in need. It is also with the corresponding adjectives; necessitous circumstances imply the direct pressure of suffering; needy circumstances, the want of aid or relief.

Need (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Needed; p. pr. & vb. n. Needing.] [See Need, n. Cf. AS. n&?;dan to force, Goth. nau&?;jan.] To be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief.

Other creatures all day long Rove idle, unemployed, and less need rest.

Milton.

With another verb, need is used like an auxiliary, generally in a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person singular of the present tense. "And the lender need not fear he shall be injured." Anacharsis (Trans. ).

Need, v. i. To be wanted; to be necessary. Chaucer.

When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs.

Locke.

Need, adv. Of necessity. See Needs. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Need"er (?), n. One who needs anything. Shak.

Need"ful (?), a. 1. Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing. [Archaic] Chaucer.

The needful time of trouble.

Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Necessary for supply or relief; requisite.

All things needful for defense abound.

Dryden.

-- Need"ful*ly, adv. -- Need"ful*ness, n.

Need"i*ly (?), adv. [From Needy.] In a needy condition or manner; necessarily. Chaucer.

Need"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being needy; want; poverty; indigence.

Nee"dle (?), n. [OE. nedle, AS. n&?;dl; akin to D. neald, OS. ndla, G. nadel, OHG. ndal, ndala, Icel. nl, Sw. nål, Dan. naal, and also to G. nähen to sew, OHG. njan, L. nere to spin, Gr. &?;, and perh. to E. snare: cf. Gael. & Ir. snathad needle, Gael. snath thread, G. schnur string, cord.] 1. A small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an eye to receive a thread, -- used in sewing. Chaucer.

In some needles(as for sewing machines) the eye is at the pointed end, but in ordinary needles it is at the blunt end.

2. See Magnetic needle, under Magnetic.

3. A slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting, or crocheting.

4. (Bot.) One of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. See Pinus.

5. Any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc.

Dipping needle. See under Dipping. -- Needle bar, the reciprocating bar to which the needle of a sewing machine is attached. -- Needle beam (Arch.), to shoring, the horizontal cross timber which goes through the wall or a pier, and upon which the weight of the wall rests, when a building is shored up to allow of alterations in the lower part. -- Needle furze (Bot.), a prickly leguminous plant of Western Europe; the petty whin (Genista Anglica). -- Needle gun, a firearm loaded at the breech with a cartridge carrying its own fulminate, which is exploded by driving a slender needle, or pin, into it. -- Needle loom (Weaving), a loom in which the weft thread is carried through the shed by a long eye- pointed needle instead of by a shuttle. -- Needle ore (Min.), acicular bismuth; a sulphide of bismuth, lead, and copper occuring in acicular crystals; -- called also aikinite. -- Needle shell (Zoöl.), a sea urchin. -- Needle spar (Min.), aragonite. -- Needle telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are given by the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a certain position. -- Sea needle (Zoöl.), the garfish.

Nee"dle, v. t. To form in the shape of a needle; as, to needle crystals.

Nee"dle, v. i. To form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles.

Nee"dle*book` (?), n. A book- shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the needles are stuck.

Nee"dle*case` (?), n. A case to keep needles.

Nee"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The European great pipefish (Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, acus); -- called also earl, and tanglefish. (b) The garfish.

nee"dle*ful (?), n.; pl. needlefuls (&?;). As much thread as is used in a needle at one time.

Nee"dle-pointed` (?), a. Pointed as needles.

Nee"dler (?), n. One who makes or uses needles; also, a dealer in needles. Piers Plowman.

Nee"dless (?), a. 1. Having no need. [Obs.]

Weeping into the needless stream.

Shak.

2. Not wanted; unnecessary; not requisite; as, needless labor; needless expenses.

3. Without sufficient cause; groundless; causeless. "Needless jealousy." Shak.

-- Need"less*ly, adv. -- Need"less*ness, n.

Nee"dle*stone` (?), n. (Min.) Natrolite; -- called also needle zeolite.

Nee"dle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Needlewomen (&?;). A woman who does needlework; a seamstress.

Nee"dle*work` (?), n. 1. Work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery; also, the business of a seamstress.

2. The combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework of some houses.

Nee"dly (?), a. Like a needle or needles; as, a needly horn; a needly beard. R. D. Blackmore.

Need"ly (?), adv. [AS. ndlice. See Need.] Necessarily; of necessity. [Obs.] hak.

Need"ment (?), n. Something needed or wanted. pl. Outfit; necessary luggage. [Archaic] Spenser.

Carrying each his needments.

Wordsworth.

Needs (?), adv. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. -wards.] Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need.

A man must needs love mauger his head.

Chaucer.

And he must needs go through Samaria.

John iv. 4.

He would needs know the cause of his reulse.

Sir J. Davies.

Needs"cost` (?), adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Needs"ly, adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Drayton.

Need"y (?), a. [Compar. Needier (?); superl. Neediest.] 1. Distressed by want of the means of living; very poor; indigent; necessitous.

Thou shalt open thy hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy in thy land.

Deut. xv. 11.

Spare the blushes of needly merit.

Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Necessary; requisite. [Obs.]

Corn to make your needy bread.

Shak.

{ Neeld (?), Neele (?) }, n. [See Needle.] A needle. [Obs.] Shak.

Neel"ghau (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Nylghau.

Neem" tree` (?). [Hind. nm.] (Bot.) An Asiatic name for Melia Azadirachta, and M. Azedarach. See Margosa.

Neer (?), adv. & a. Nearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ne'er (? or ?), adv. a contraction of Never.

Neese (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neesed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neesing.] [OE. nesen; akin to D. niezen, G. niesen, Icel. hnjsa.] To sneeze. [Obs.] [Written also neeze.]

Nees"ing (?), n. Sneezing. [Obs.] "By his neesings a light doth shine." Job xli. 18.

||Ne` ex"e*at (?). [L. ne exeat regno let him not go out of the ||kingdom.] (Law) A writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, ||or the jurisdiction of the court. The writ was originally applicable ||to purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of ||equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to ||abide a decree. Kent.

Nef (?; F. &?;), n. [F. See Nave.] The nave of a church. Addison.

{ Ne"fand (?), Ne*fan"dous (?) }, a. [L. nefandus not to be spoken; ne not + fari to speak.] Unfit to speak of; unmentionable; impious; execrable. [Obs.] "Nefand adominations." Sheldon. "Nefandous high treason." Cotton Mather.

Ne*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. nefarius, fr. nefas crime, wrong; ne not + fas divine law; akin to fari to speak. See No, adv., and Fate.] Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously villainous; execrable; detestably vile.

Syn. -- Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous; impious. See Iniquitous.

-- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Ne*fa"ri*ous*ness, n.

||Ne"fasch (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any fish of the genus Distichodus. Several ||large species inhabit the Nile.

Ne"fast (?), a. [L. nefastus.] Wicked. [R.]

Ne*ga"tion (?), n. [L. negatio, fr. negare to say no, to deny; ne not + the root of aio I say; cf. Gr. &?;, Skr. ah to say; cf. F. négation. See No, adv., and cf. Adage, Deny, Renegade.] 1. The act of denying; assertion of the nonreality or untruthfulness of anything; declaration that something is not, or has not been, or will not be; denial; -- the opposite of affirmation.

Our assertions and negations should be yea and nay.

Rogers.

2. (Logic) Description or definition by denial, exclusion, or exception; statement of what a thing is not, or has not, from which may be inferred what it is or has.

Neg"a*tive (?), a. [F. négatif, L. negativus, fr. negare to deny. See Negation.] 1. Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative.

If thou wilt confess, Or else be impudently negative.

Shak.

Denying me any power of a negative voice.

Eikon Basilike.

Something between an affirmative bow and a negative shake.

Dickens.

2. Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism.

There in another way of denying Christ, . . . which is negative, when we do not acknowledge and confess him.

South.

3. (Logic) Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.

4. (Photog.) Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or other material, in which the lights and shades of the original, and the relations of right and left, are reversed.

5. (Chem.) Metalloidal; nonmetallic; - - contracted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative.

This word, derived from electro-negative, is now commonly used in a more general sense, when acidiferous is the intended signification.

Negative crystal. (a) A cavity in a mineral mass, having the form of a crystal. (b) A crystal which has the power of negative double refraction. See refraction. -- negative electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity which is developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery which is connected with the plate most attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called resinous electricity. Opposed to positive electricity. Formerly, according to Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree below saturation, or the natural amount for a given body. see Electricity. -- Negative eyepiece. (Opt.) see under Eyepiece. -- Negative quantity (Alg.), a quantity preceded by the negative sign, or which stands in the relation indicated by this sign to some other quantity. See Negative sign (below). -- Negative rotation, right-handed rotation. See Right-handed, 3. -- Negative sign, the sign -, or minus (opposed in signification to +, or plus), indicating that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted from the preceding quantity, or is to be reckoned from zero or cipher in the opposite direction to that of quanties having the sign plus either expressed or understood; thus, in a - b, b is to be substracted from a, or regarded as opposite to it in value; and -10° on a thermometer means 10° below the zero of the scale.

<! p. 969 !>

Neg"a*tive, n. [Cf. F. négative.] 1. A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception.

This is a known rule in divinity, that there is no command that runs in negatives but couches under it a positive duty.

South.

2. A word used in denial or refusal; as, not, no.

In Old England two or more negatives were often joined together for the sake of emphasis, whereas now such expressions are considered ungrammatical, being chiefly heard in iliterate speech. A double negative is now sometimes used as nearly or quite equivalent to an affirmative.

No wine ne drank she, neither white nor red.

Chaucer.

These eyes that never did nor never shall So much as frown on you.

Shak.

3. The refusal or withholding of assents; veto.

If a kind without his kingdom be, in a civil sense, nothing, then . . . his negative is as good as nothing.

Milton.

4. That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative.

5. (Photog.) A picture upon glass or other material, in which the light portions of the original are represented in some opaque material (usually reduced silver), and the dark portions by the uncovered and transparent or semitransparent ground of the picture.

A negative is chiefly used for producing photographs by means of the sun's light passing through it and acting upon sensitized paper, thus producing on the paper a positive picture.

6. (Elect.) The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.

Negative pregnant (Law), a negation which implies an affirmation.

Neg"a*tive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negatived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Negativing.] 1. To prove unreal or untrue; to disprove.

The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not negative the existence of miracles.

Paley.

2. To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate negatived the bill.

3. To neutralize the force of; to counteract.

Neg"a*tive*ly, adv. 1. In a negative manner; with or by denial. "He answered negatively." Boyle.

2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something; -- opposed to positively.

I shall show what this image of God in man is, negatively, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively, by showing wherein it does consist.

South.

Negatively charged or electrified (Elec.), having a charge of the kind of electricity called negative.

{ Neg"a*tive*ness, Neg`a*tiv"i*ty } (?), n. The quality or state of being negative.

Neg"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. negatorius: cf. F. négatorie.] Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative. Carlyle.

||Neg"i*noth (?), n. pl. [Heb. ngnth.] (Script.) Stringed instruments. ||Dr. W. Smith.

To the chief musician on Neginoth.

Ps. iv. 9heading).

Neg*lect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neglected; p. pr. & vb. n. Neglecting.] [L. neglectus, p. p. of neglegere (negligere) to disregard, neglect, the literal sense prob. neing, not to pick up; nec not, nor (fr. ne not + - que, a particle akin to Goth. -h, -uh, and prob. to E. who; cf. Goth. nih nor) + L. legere to pick up, gather. See No, adv., Legend, Who.] 1. Not to attend to with due care or attention; to forbear one's duty in regard to; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit; to disregard; to slight; as, to neglect duty or business; to neglect to pay debts.

I hope My absence doth neglect no great designs.

Shak.

This, my long suffering and my day of grace, Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste.

Milton.

2. To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight; as, to neglect strangers.

Syn. -- To slight; overlook; disregard; disesteem; contemn. See Slight.

Neg*lect", n. [L. neglectus. See Neglect, v.] 1. Omission of proper attention; avoidance or disregard of duty, from heedlessness, indifference, or willfulness; failure to do, use, or heed anything; culpable disregard; as, neglect of business, of health, of economy.

To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame, Or our neglect, we lost her as we came.

Milton.

2. Omission if attention or civilities; slight; as, neglect of strangers.

3. Habitual carelessness; negligence.

Age breeds neglect in all.

Denham.

4. The state of being disregarded, slighted, or neglected.

Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect.

Prior.

Syn. -- Negligence; inattention; disregard; disesteem; remissness; indifference. See Negligence.

Neg*lect"ed*ness, n. The state of being neglected.

Neg*lect"er (?), n. One who neglects. South.

Neg*lect"ful (?), a. Full of neglect; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive; indifferent. Pope.

A cold and neglectful countenance.

Locke.

Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet they were not entirely neglectful of it.

Arbuthnot.

-- Neg*lect"ful*ly, adv. -- Neg*lect"ful*ness, n.

Neg*lect"ing*ly, adv. Carelessly; heedlessly. Shak.

Neg*lec"tion (?), n. [L. neglectio.] The state of being negligent; negligence. [Obs.] Shak.

Neg*lect"ive (?), a. Neglectful. [R.] "Neglective of their own children." Fuller.

Neg`li*gee" (?), n. [F. négligé, fr. négliger to neglect, L. negligere. See Neglect.] An easy, unceremonious attire; undress; also, a kind of easy robe or dressing gown worn by women.

Neg"li*gence (?), n. [F. négligence, L. negligentia.] The quality or state of being negligent; lack of due diligence or care; omission of duty; habitual neglect; heedlessness.

2. An act or instance of negligence or carelessness.

remarking his beauties, . . . I must also point out his negligences and defects.

Blair.

3. (Law) The omission of the care usual under the circumstances, being convertible with the Roman culpa. A specialist is bound to higher skill and diligence in his specialty than one who is not a specialist, and liability for negligence varies acordingly.

Contributory negligence. See under Contributory.

Syn. -- Neglect; inattention; heedlessness; disregard; slight. -- Negligence, Neglect. These two words are freely interchanged in our older writers; but a distinction has gradually sprung up between them. As now generally used, negligence is the habit, and neglect the act, of leaving things undone or unattended to. We are negligent as a general trait of character; we are guilty of neglect in particular cases, or in reference to individuals who had a right to our attentions.

Neg"li*gent (?), a. [F. négligent, L. negligens,p. pr. of negligere. See Neglect.] Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful; characterized by negligence; careless; heedless; culpably careless; showing lack of attention; as, disposed in negligent order. "Be thou negligent of fame." Swift.

He that thinks he can afford to be negligent is not far from being poor.

Rambler.

Syn. -- Careles; heedless; neglectful; regardless; thoughtless; indifferent; inattentive; remiss.

Neg"li*gent*ly (?), adv. In a negligent manner.

Neg"li*gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. négligible, négligeable.] That may neglected, disregarded, or left out of consideration.

Within very negligible limits of error.

Sir J. Herschel.

Ne*goce" (?), n. [F. négoce. See Negotiate.] Business; occupation. [Obs.] Bentley.

Ne*go`ti*a*bil"i*ty (? or ?), n. [Cf. F. négociabilité.] The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement.

Ne*go"ti*a*ble (? or ?), a. [Cf. F. négotiable. See Negotiate.] Capable of being negotiated; transferable by assignment or indorsement to another person; as, a negotiable note or bill of exchange.

Negotiable paper, any commercial paper transferable by sale or delivery and indorsement, as bills of exchange, drafts, checks, and promissory notes.

Ne*go"ti*ant (?), n. [L. negotians, prop. p. pr. of negotiari: cf. F. négociant.] A negotiator. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Ne*go"ti*ate (?), v. i. [L. negotiatus, p. p. of negotiari, fr. negotium business; nec not + otium leisure. Cf. Neglect.] 1. To transact business; to carry on trade. [Obs.] Hammond.

2. To treat with another respecting purchase and sale or some business affair; to bargain or trade; as, to negotiate with a man for the purchase of goods or a farm.

3. To hold intercourse respecting a treaty, league, or convention; to treat with, respecting peace or commerce; to conduct communications or conferences.

He that negotiates between God and man Is God's ambassador.

Cowper.

4. To intrigue; to scheme. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ne*go"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Negotiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Negotiating (?).] 1. To carry on negotiations concerning; to procure or arrange for by negotiation; as, to negotiate peace, or an exchange.

Constantinople had negotiated in the isles of the Archipelago . . . the most indispensable supplies.

Gibbon.

2. To transfer for a valuable consideration under rules of commercial law; to sell; to pass.

The notes were not negotiated to them in the usual course of business or trade.

Kent.

Ne*go`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. negotiatio: cf. F. négociation.] 1. The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another respecting sale or purchase. etc.

2. Hence, mercantile business; trading. [Obs.]

Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty years' negotiation in the East Indies.

Evelyn.

3. The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by diplomatic agents, in making treaties, composing difference, etc.; as, the negotiations at Ghent.

An important negotiation with foreign powers.

Macaulay.

Ne*go"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. négociateur.] One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts.

Ne*go"ti*a*to*ry (? or ?), a. Of or pertaining to negotiation.

Ne*go`ti*a"trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who negotiates. Miss Edgeworth.

Ne*go`ti*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. negotiositas.] The state of being busy; multitude of business. [Obs.]

Ne*go"tious (?), a. [L. negotiosus.] Very busy; attentive to business; active. [R.] D. Rogers.

Ne*go"tious*ness, n. The state of being busily occupied; activity. [R.] D. Rogers.

Ne"gress (?), n.; pl. Negresses (&?;). [Cf. F. négrese, fem. of négre a negro. See Negro.] A black woman; a female negro.

||Ne*gri"ta (?), n. [Sp., blackish, fem. of negrito, dim. of negro ||black.] (Zoöl.) A blackish fish (Hypoplectrus nigricans), of the ||Sea-bass family. It is a native of the West Indies and Florida.

Ne*grit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to negroes; composed of negroes. Keary.

Ne*gri"tos (?), n. pl.; sing Negrito (&?;). [Sp., dim. of negro black.] (Ethnol.) A degraded Papuan race, inhabiting Luzon and some of the other east Indian Islands. They resemble negroes, but are smaller in size. They are mostly nomads.

Ne"gro (?), n.; pl. Negroes (&?;). [Sp. or Pg. negro, fr. negro black, L. niger; perh. akin to E. night.] A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.

Ne"gro, a. Of or pertaining to negroes; black.

Negro bug (Zoöl.), a minute black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very disagreeable flavor. -- negro corn, the Indian millet or durra; -- so called in the West Indies. see Durra. McElrath.

-- Negro fly (Zoöl.), a black dipterous fly (Psila rosæ) which, in the larval state, is injurious to carrots; -- called also carrot fly. -- Negro head (Com.), Cavendish tobacco. [Cant] McElrath.

-- Negro monkey (Zoöl.), the moor monkey.

Ne"groid (?), a. [Negro + - oid.] 1. Characteristic of the negro.

2. Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who resemble the negro.

Ne"gro*loid (?), a. See Negroid.

Ne"gus (?), n. A beverage made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice; -- so called, it is said, from its first maker, Colonel Negus.

||Ne"hi*loth (?), n. pl. [Heb.] (Script.) A term supposed to mean, ||perforated wind instruments of music, as pipes or flutes. Ps. v. ||(heading).

Ne*hush"tan (?), n. [Heb.] A thing of brass; -- the name under which the Israelites worshiped the brazen serpent made by Moses. 2 Kings xviii. 4.

{ Neif, Neife } (nf), n. [OF. neïf, naïf, a born serf, fr. L. nativus born, imparted by birth. See Native.] A woman born in the state of villeinage; a female serf. Blackstone.

{ Neif, Neaf (nf), } n. [Icel. hnefi; akin to Dan. næve, Sw. näfve.] The fist. [Obs.] "I kiss thy neif." "Give me your neaf." Shak.

Neigh (n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neighed (nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Neighing.] [OE. neien, AS. hngan, prob. of imitative origin; cf. MHG. ngen, Icel. hneggja, gneggja, Sw. gnägga. Cf. Nag a horse.] 1. To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny.

2. To scoff or sneer; to jeer. [Obs.]

Neighed at his nakedness.

Beau. & Fl.

Neigh, n. The cry of a horse; a whinny.

Neigh"bor (n"br), n. [OE. neighebour, AS. neáhgebr; neáh nigh + gebr a dweller, farmer; akin to D. nabuur, G. nachbar, OHG. nhgibr. See Nigh, and Boor.] [Spelt also neighbour.] 1. A person who lives near another; one whose abode is not far off. Chaucer.

Masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbors.

Shak.

2. One who is near in sympathy or confidence.

Buckingham No more shall be the neighbor to my counsel.

Shak.

3. One entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindness; hence, one of the human race; a fellow being.

Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor unto him that fell among the thieves?

Luke x. 36.

The gospel allows no such term as "stranger;" makes every man my neighbor.

South.

Neigh"bor, a. Near to another; adjoining; adjacent; next; neighboring. "The neighbor cities." Jer. l. 40. "The neighbor room." Shak.

neigh"bor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Neighbored (?); p. pr. & vb. n Neighboring.] 1. To adjoin; to border on; tobe near to.

Leisurely ascending hills that neighbor the shore.

Sandys.

2. To associate intimately with. [Obs.] Shak.

Neigh"bor, v. i. To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near. [Obs.]

A copse that neighbors by.

Shak.

Neigh"bor*hood (?), n. [Written also neighbourhood.] 1. The quality or condition of being a neighbor; the state of being or dwelling near; proximity.

Then the prison and the palace were in awful neighborhood.

Ld. Lytton.

2. A place near; vicinity; adjoining district; a region the inhabitants of which may be counted as neighbors; as, he lives in my neighborhood.

3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other; as, the fire alarmed all the neiborhood.

4. The disposition becoming a neighbor; neighborly kindness or good will. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Vicinity; vicinage; proximity. -- Neighborhood, Vicinity. Neighborhood is Anglo- Saxon, and vicinity is Latin. Vicinity does not commonly denote so close a connection as neighborhood. A neighborhood is a more immediate vicinity. The houses immediately adjoining a square are in the neighborhood of that square; those which are somewhat further removed are also in the vicinity of the square.

Neigh"bor*ing, a. Living or being near; adjacent; as, the neighboring nations or countries.

Neigh"bor*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being neighborly.

Neigh"bor*ly, a. [Also written neighbourly.] Appropriate to the relation of neighbors; having frequent or familiar intercourse; kind; civil; social; friendly. -- adv. In a neighborly manner.

Judge if this be neighborly dealing.

Arbuthnot.

Neigh"bor*ship, n. The state of being neighbors. [R.] J. Bailie.

||Neis"hout (?), n. [From D. niezen to sneeze + hout wood.] (Bot.) The ||mahogany-like wood of the South African tree Pteroxylon utile, the ||sawdust of which causes violent sneezing (whence the name). Also ||called sneezewood.

Nei"ther (? or ?; 277), a. [OE. neiter, nother, nouther, AS. nwðer, nhwæðer; n never, not + hwæðer whether. The word has followed the form of either. See No, and Whether, and cf. Neuter, Nor.] Not either; not the one or the other.

Which of them shall I take? Both? one? or neither? Neither can be enjoyed, If both remain alive.

Shak.

He neither loves, Nor either cares for him.

Shak.

Nei"ther, conj. not either; generally used to introduce the first of two or more coördinate clauses of which those that follow begin with nor.

Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king.

1 Kings xxii. 31.

Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, Neither had I transgressed, nor thou with me.

Milton.

When she put it on, she made me vow That I should neither sell, nor give, nor lose it.

Shak.

Neither was formerly often used where we now use nor. "For neither circumcision, neither uncircumcision is anything at all." Tyndale. "Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it." Gen. iii. 3. Neither is sometimes used colloquially at the end of a clause to enforce a foregoing negative (nor, not, no). "He is very tall, but not too tall neither." Addison. " ‘I care not for his thrust' ‘No, nor I neither.'" Shak.

Not so neither, by no means. [Obs.] Shak.

||Ne*lum"bo (?), n. [Ceylonese word.] (Bot.) A genus of great water ||lilies. The North American species is Nelumbo lutea, the Asiatic is ||the sacred lotus, N. speciosa. [Written also Nelumbium.]

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Nem"a*line (?), a. [L. nema thread, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to spin.] (Min.) Having the form of threads; fibrous.

Nem"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; thread + -lite: cf. F. némalite.] (Min.) A fibrous variety of brucite.

||Nem`a*tel"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Nemathelminthes.

||Nem`a*the"ci*um (? or &?;), n.; pl. Nemathecia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ||a thread + &?; a box.] (Bot.) A peculiar kind of fructification on ||certain red algæ, consisting of an external mass of filaments at ||length separating into tetraspores.

{ ||Nem`a*thel*min"thes (?), ||Nem`a*tel*min"thes (?) }, n. pl. [NL. See Nemato-, and Helminthes.] (Zoöl.) An ordr of helminths, including the Nematoidea and Gordiacea; the roundworms. [Written also Nematelminthea.]

Nem"a*to- (?). A combining form from Gr. nh^ma, nh`matos, a thread.

Nem"a*to*blast (?), n. [Nemato- + -blast.] (Biol.) A spermatocyte or spermoblast.

||Nem`a*to*ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. Nematocalyces (#), E. -calyxes (#). [NL. ||See Nemato-, and Calyx.] (Zoöl.) One of a peculiar kind of cups, or ||calicles, found upon hydroids of the family Plumularidæ. They contain ||nematocysts. See Plumularia.

||Nem`a*toc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a thread + ke`ras ||horn.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of dipterous insects, having long antennæ, ||as the mosquito, gnat, and crane fly; -- called also Nemocera.

Nem"a*to*cyst (?), n. [Nemato- + cyst.] (Zoöl.) A lasso cell, or thread cell. See Lasso cell, under Lasso.

Nem"a*tode (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Same as Nematoid.

Nem"a*to*gene (?), n. [Nemato- + root of Gr. &?; to be born.] (Zoöl.) One of the dimorphic forms of the species of Dicyemata, which produced vermiform embryos; -- opposed to rhombogene.

Nem`a*tog"nath (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Nematognathi.

||Nem`a*tog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See nemato-, and Gnathic.] (Zoöl.) ||An order of fishes having barbels on the jaws. It includes the ||catfishes, or siluroids. See Siluroid.

Nem"a*toid (?), a. [Nemato- + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Nematoidea. -- n. One of the Nematoidea. See Illustration in Appendix.

||Nem`a*toi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, thread + -oid.] ||(Zoöl.) An order of worms, having a long, round, and generally smooth ||body; the roundworms. They are mostly parasites. Called also ||Nematodea, and Nematoda.

The trichina, stomach worm, and pinworm of man belong to this group. See also Vinegar eel, under Vinegar, and Gapeworm.

Nem`a*toid"e*an (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Nematoid.

||Nem`a*toph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a thread + &?; to ||bear.] (Zoöl.) Same as Cœlenterata.

Ne"me*an (n"m*an; 277), a. [L. Nemeus, fr. Nemea, Gr. Neme`h.] Of or pertaining to Nemea, in Argolis, where the ancient Greeks celebrated games, and Hercules killed a lion.

Ne*mer"te*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Nemertina. -- n. One of the Nemertina.

||Ne*mer"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. nhmerth`s unerring.] (Zoöl.) A genus ||of Nemertina.

Ne*mer"ti*an (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Nemertean.

Ne*mer"tid (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Nemertean.

||Ne*mer"ti*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Nemertina.

||Nem`er*ti"na (nm`r*t"n), n. pl. [NL. See Nemrtes.] (Zoöl.) An order ||of helminths usually having a long, slender, smooth, often ||bright-colored body, covered with minute vibrating cilia; -- called ||also Nemertea, Nemertida, and Rhynchocœla.

The mouth is beneath the head, and the straight intestine at the posterior end. They have a very singular long tubular proboscis, which can be everted from a pore in the front of the head. Their nervous system and blood vessels are well developed. Some of the species become over one hundred feet long. They are mostly marine and seldom parasitic; a few inhabit fresh water. The two principal divisions are Anopla and Enopla.

Nem"e*sis (nm"*ss), n. [L., fr. Gr. Ne`mesis, orig., distribution, fr. ne`mein to distribute. See Nomad.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance.

This is that ancient doctrine of nemesis who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offense go unchastised.

Emerson.

Ne*moph"i*list (?), n. [See Nemophily.] One who is fond of forest or forest scenery; a haunter of the woods. [R.]

Ne*moph"i*ly (?), n. [Gr. ne`mos wooded pasture, glade + filei^n to love.] Fondness for forest scenery; love of the woods. [R.]

Nem"o*ral (?), a. [L. nemoralis, fr. nemus, nemoris, a wood or grove: cf. F. némoral.] Of or pertaining to a wood or grove. [R.]

Nem"o*rous (?), a. [L. nemorosus.] Woody. [R.]

Paradise itself was but a kind of nemorous temple.

Evelyn.

Nemp"ne (?), v. t. [AS. nemnan to name or call. See Name, v.] To name or call. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Nempt (?), p. p. of Nempne. Called; named. [Obs.]

Nems (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ichneumon.

||Ne"ni*a (?), n. [L. nenia, naenia.] A funeral song; an elegy.

Nen"u*phar (?), n. [F. nénufar: cf. Sp. nenúfar, It. nenufár; all fr. Per. nl&?;far.] (Bot.) The great white water lily of Europe; the Nymphæa alba.

Ne"o- (&?;). [Gr. &?; youthful, new. See New.] A prefix meaning new, recent, late; and in chemistry designating specifically that variety of metameric hydrocarbons which, when the name was applied, had been recently classified, and in which at least one carbon atom in connected directly with four other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with normal and iso-; as, neopentane; the neoparaffins. Also used adjectively.

||Ne`o*car"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; new + &?;, &?;, a kind of ||crustacean.] (Zoöl.) The modern, or true, Crustacea, as distinguished ||from the Merostomata.

Ne"o*cene (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. &?; new.] (Geol.) More recent than the Eocene, that is, including both the Miocene and Pliocene divisions of the Tertiary.

Ne`o-Chris*tian"i*ty (? or ?), n. [Neo- + Christianity.] Rationalism.

Ne`o*co"mi*an (?), n. [From Neocomium, the Latin name of Neuchatel, in Switzerland, where these rocks occur.] (Geol.) A term applied to the lowest deposits of the Cretaceous or chalk formation of Europe, being the lower greensand.

Ne`o*co"mi*an, a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lower greensand.

Ne`o*cos"mic (?), a. [Neo- + cosmic.] Of or pertaining to the universe in its present state; specifically, pertaining to the races of men known to history.

Ne*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Neo-+ - cracy, as in aristocracy.] Government by new or inexperienced hands; upstart rule; raw or untried officials.

Ne*od"a*mode (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; new + &?;, dh`mos, the people + &?; shape.] In ancient Sparta, one of those Helots who were freed by the state in reward for military service. Milford.

Ne`o*dym"i*um (?), n. [NL. Dee Neo- , and Didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary substance which forms one of the constituents of didymium. Symbol Nd. Atomic weight 140.8.

Ne`o*gæ"an (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. &?; earth.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the New World, or Western Hemisphere.

Ne*og"a*mist (?), n. [Gr. &?; newly married.] A person recently married.

Ne"o*gen (?), n. [Neo- + - gen.] (Chem.) An alloy resembling silver, and consisting chiefly of copper, zinc, and nickel, with small proportions of tin, aluminium, and bismuth. Ure.

Ne*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Neo- + -graphy.] A new method or system of writing.

Ne`o-Lat"in (?), a. [Neo- + Latin.] Applied to the Romance languages, as being mostly of Latin origin.

Ne`o*lith"ic (?), a. [Neo- + -lith + -ic.] (Archæol. & Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by late remains in stone.

The Neolithic era includes the latter half of the "Stone age;" the human relics which belong to it are associated with the remains of animals not yet extinct. The kitchen middens of Denmark, the lake dwellings of Switzerland, and the stockaded islands, or "crannogs," of the British Isles, belong to this era.

Lubbock.

Ne`o*lo*gi*an (?), a. Neologic; neological.

Ne`o*lo"gi*an, n. A neologist.

Ne`o*lo"gi*an*ism (?), n. Neologism.

{ Ne`o*log"ic (?), Ne`o*log"ic*al (?) }, a. [Cf. F. néologique.] Of or pertaining to neology; employing new words; of the nature of, or containing, new words or new doctrines.

A genteel neological dictionary.

Chesterfield.

Ne`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a neological manner.

Ne*ol"o*gism (?), n. [Cf. F. néologisme.] 1. The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new sense. Mrs. Browning.

2. A new word, phrase, or expression.

3. A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism.

Ne*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. néologiste.] 1. One who introduces new words or new senses of old words into a language.

2. An innovator in any doctrine or system of belief, especially in theology; one who introduces or holds doctrines subversive of supernatural or revealed religion; a rationalist, so- called.

{ Ne*ol`o*gis"tic (?), Ne*ol`o*gis"tic*al (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to neology; neological.

Ne*ol`o*gi*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of neologizing.

Ne*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. 1. To introduce or use new words or terms or new uses of old words.

2. To introduce innovations in doctrine, esp. in theological doctrine.

Ne*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Neo- + - logy: cf. F. néologie.] 1. The introduction of a new word, or of words or significations, into a language; as, the present nomenclature of chemistry is a remarkable instance of neology.

2. A new doctrine; esp. (Theol.), a doctrine at variance with the received interpretation of revealed truth; a new method of theological interpretation; rationalism.

||Ne`o*me"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; new + mh`n month.] The ||time of the new moon; the beginning of the month in the lunar ||calendar.

||Ne`o*me*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Neomenia, a representative ||genus (See Neomenia) + -oid.] (Zoöl.) A division of vermiform ||gastropod mollusks, without a shell, belonging to the Isopleura.

Ne"o*morph (?), n. [Neo- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) A structure, part, or organ developed independently, that is, not derived from a similar structure, part, or organ, in a preexisting form.

Ne"o*nism (?), n. Neologism.

Ne`o*no"mi*an (?), n. [Neo- + Gr. &?; law.] One who advocates adheres to new laws; esp. one who holds or believes that the gospel is a new law.

Ne`o*no"mi*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Neonomians, or in accordance with their doctrines.

Ne`o*no"mi*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines or belief of the neonomians.

Ne"o*phyte (?), n. [L. neophytis, Gr. &?;, prop., newly planted; &?; new + &?; grown, &?; that which has grown, a plant, fr. &?; to grow: cf. F. néophyte. See New, and Be.] 1. A new convert or proselyte; -- a name given by the early Christians, and still given by the Roman Catholics, to such as have recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism, esp. to converts from heathenism or Judaism.

2. A novice; a tyro; a beginner in anything.

||Ne`o*pla"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; new + &?; to form, mold.] ||(Physiol. & Med.) Growth or development of new material; neoplasty.

Ne"o*plasm (?), n. [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.) A new formation or tissue, the product of morbid action.

Ne`o*plas"tic (?), a. (Physiol. & Med.) Of or pertaining to neoplasty, or neoplasia.

Ne"o*plas`ty (?), n. [See Neoplasia.] (Physiol. & Med.) Restoration of a part by granulation, adhesive inflammation, or autoplasty.

Ne`o*pla"ton"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Neoplatonism or the Neoplatonists.

Ne`o*pla`to*ni"cian (?), n. A Neoplatonist.

Ne`o*pla"to*nism (?), n. [Neo- + Platonism.] A pantheistic eclectic school of philosophy, of which Plotinus was the chief (A. D. 205-270), and which sought to reconcile the Platonic and Aristotelian systems with Oriental theosophy. It tended to mysticism and theurgy, and was the last product of Greek philosophy.

Ne`o*pla"to*nist (?), n. One who held to Neoplatonism; a member of the Neoplatonic school.

Ne`o*ra"ma (? or ?), n. [Gr. &?; temple + &?; a view.] A panorama of the interior of a building, seen from within.

Ne*os"sine (?), n. [Gr. neossia` a bird's nest.] The substance constituting the edible bird's nest.

Ne`os*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a young bird + -logy.] (Zoöl.) The study of young birds.

{ Ne`o*ter"ic (?), Ne`o*ter"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. neotericus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, compar. of &?; young, new.] Recent in origin; modern; new. "Our neoteric verbs." Fitzed. Hall.

Some being ancient, others neoterical.

Bacon.

Ne`o*ter"ic, n. One of modern times; a modern.

Neo`ter"ic*al*ly (?), adv. Recently; newly.

Ne*ot"er*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; innovation] An innovation or novelty; a neoteric word or phrase.

Ne*ot"er*ist, n. One ho introduces new word&?; or phrases. Fitzed Hall.

Ne*ot"er*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neoterized; p. pr. & vb. n. Neoterized.] [Gr. &?; to innovate.] To innovate; to coin or introduce new words.

Freely as we of the nineteenth century neoterize.

fized. Hall.

Ne`o*trop"ic*al (?), a. [Neo- + tropical.] (Geog. & Zoöl.) Belonging to, or designating, a region of the earth's surface which comprises most of South America, the Antilles, and tropical North America.

Ne`o*zo"ic (?), a. [Neo- + Gr. &?; life.] (Geol.) More recent than the Paleozoic, -- that is, including the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

Nep (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. Nepeta.] (Bot.) Catnip.

||Ne"pa (?), n. [L. nepa scorpion.] (Zoöl.) A genus of aquatic ||hemipterous insects. The species feed upon other insects and are ||noted for their voracity; -- called also scorpion bug and water ||scorpion.

Nep`au*lese" (? or ?), a. Of or pertaining to Nepaul, a kingdom in Northern Hindostan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Nepaul.

Ne*pen"the (?), n. [Fr. Gr. &?; removing all sorrow; hence, an epithet of an Egyptian drug which lulled sorrow for the day; &?; not + &?; sorrow, grief.] A drug used by the ancients to give relief from pain and sorrow; -- by some supposed to have been opium or hasheesh. Hence, anything soothing and comforting.

Lulled with the sweet nepenthe of a court.

Pope.

Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe.

Poe.

Ne*pen"thes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Nepenthe.] 1. Same as Nepenthe. Milton.

2. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants found in India, Malaya, etc., which have the leaves prolonged into a kind of stout tendril terminating in a pitcherlike appendage, whence the plants are often called pitcher plants and monkey- cups. There are about thirty species, of which the best known is Nepenthes distillatoria. See Pitcher plant.

||Nep"e*ta (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate plants, including the ||catnip and ground ivy.

Neph"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; soberness, fr. &?; sober, &?; to drink no wine: cf. F. néphalisme.] Total abstinence from spirituous liquor.

<! p. 971 !>

Neph"a*list (?), n. [Cf. F. néphaliste.] One who advocates or practices nephalism.

{ Neph"e*line (?), Neph"e*lite (?) }, n. [gr. &?; cloud: cf. F. néphéline. Cf. Nebula.] (Min.) A mineral occuring at Vesuvius, in glassy hexagonal crystals; also elsewhere, in grayish or greenish masses having a greasy luster, as the variety elæolite. It is a silicate of aluminia, soda, and potash.

Neph`e*lo*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a cloud + &?; way + -meter.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for reckoning the distances or velocities of clouds.

Neph`e*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a cloud + -meter.] An instrument for measuring or registering the amount of cloudiness.

Neph"ew (nf"; in England nv"; 277), n. [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F. neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G. neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, Gr. ne`podes, pl., brood, young, Skr. nept grandson, descendant. &radic;262. Cf. Niece, Nepotism.] 1. A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [Obs.]

But if any widow have children or nephews [Rev. Ver. grandchildren].

1 Tim. v. 4.

If naturalists say true that nephews are often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers.

Jer. Taylor.

2. A cousin. [Obs.] Shak.

3. The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Chaucer.

||Neph"i*lim (?), n. pl. [Heb. nphlm.] Giants. Gen. vi. 4. Num. xiii. ||33.

Neph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a cloud + -scope.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for observing the clouds and their velocity.

{ ||Ne*phral"gi*a (?), Ne*phral"gy (?) }, n. [NL. nephralgia, fr. Gr. &?; a kidney + &?; pain: cf. F. néphralgie.] (Med.) Neuralgia of the kidneys; a disease characterized by pain in the region of the kidneys without any structural lesion of the latter. Quain.

Ne*phrid"i*al (?), a. (Zoöl. & Anat.) Of or pertaining to a nephridium.

||Ne*phrid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Nephridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; of the ||kidneys.] (Zoöl. & Anat.) A segmental tubule; one of the tubules of ||the primitive urinogenital organs; a segmental organ. See Illust. ||under Loeven's larva.

Neph"rite (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. néphrite. See Nephritis.] (Min.) A hard compact mineral, of a dark green color, formerly worn as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, whence its name; kidney stone; a kind of jade. See Jade.

{ Ne*phrit"ic (?), Ne*phrit"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. nephriticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. néphrétique. See Nephritis.] 1. Of or pertaining to the kidneys or urinary organs; renal; as, a nephritic disease.

2. (Med.) (a) Affected with a disease of the kidneys; as, a nephritic patient. (b) Relieving disorders of the kidneys; affecting the kidneys; as, a nephritic medicine.

Nephritic stone (Min.), nephrite; jade. See Nephrite.

Ne*phrit"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine adapted to relieve or cure disease of the kidneys.

Ne*phri"tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; a kidney.] (Med.) An inflammation of the kidneys.

neph`ro*lith"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; a kidney + -lith + ic.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to gravel, or renal calculi. Dunglison.

Ne*phrol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a kidney + -logy.] A treatise on, or the science which treats of, the kidneys, and their structure and functions.

Neph"ro*stome (?), n. [Gr. &?; a kidney + mouth.] (Zoöl. & Anat.) The funnel-shaped opening of a nephridium into the body cavity.

Ne*phrot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a kidney + &?; to cut: cf. F. néphrotomie.] (Surg.) Extraction of stone from the kidney by cutting.

Nep"o*tal (?), a. Of or relating to a nephew.

Ne*pot"ic (?), a. [See nepotism.] Of or pertaining to nepotism.

The nepotic ambition of the ruling pontiff.

Milman.

Nep"o*tism (?; 277), n. [L. nepus, nepotus, nephew: cf. F. népotisme. See Nephew.] Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to members of one's family; bestowal of patronage in consideration of relationship, rather than of merit or of legal claim.

From nepotism Alexander V. was safe; for he was without kindred or relatives. But there was another perhaps more fatal nepotism, which turned the tide of popularity against him -- the nepotism of his order.

Milman.

Nep"o*tist (?), n. One who practices nepotism.

Nep"tune (?), n. [L. Neptunus.] 1. (Rom. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea. He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter.

2. (Astron.) The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years.

Neptune powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin, -- used in blasting. -- Neptune's cup (Zoöl.), a very large, cup-shaped, marine sponge (Thalassema Neptuni).

Nep*tu"ni*an (?), a. [L. Neptunius belonging to Neptune: cf. F. neptunien.] 1. Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea.

2. (Geol.) Formed by water or aqueous solution; as, Neptunian rocks.

Neptunian races (Ethnol.), the Malay and Polynesian races. -- Neptunian theory (Geol.), the theory of Werner, which referred the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; -- opposed to the Plutonic theory.

{ Nep*tu"ni*an (?), Nep"tu*nist (?) }, n. [Cf. F. neptinien, neptuniste.] (Geol.) One who adopts the Neptunian theory.

Nep*tu`ni*cen"tric (?), a. [Neptune + centric.] (Astron.) As seen from Neptune, or having Neptune as a center; as, Neptunicentric longitude or force.

Nep*tu"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] A new metallic element, of doubtful genuineness and uncertain identification, said to exist in certain minerals, as columbite. Hermann.

Ner (?), adv. & a. Nearer. [Obs.] See Nerre.

Nere (?). [Contr. fr. ne were.] Were not. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ne"re*id (?), n.; pl. E. Nereids (#), L. Nereides (#). [L. Nereis, -idis, Gr. Nhrei:`s Nhrhi:`s, i:`dos, a daughter of Nereus, a nymph of the sea, fr. Nhrey`s Nereus, an ancient sea god; akin to nhro`s wet, Skr. nra water, cf. Gr. na`ein to flow.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of a fish.

2. (Zoöl.) Any species of Nereis. The word is sometimes used for similar annelids of other families.

Ne`re*id"i*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any annelid resembling Nereis, or of the family Lycoridæ or allied families.

||Ne"re*is (? or ?), n.; pl. Nereides (#). [L.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A ||Nereid. See Nereid.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus, including numerous species, of marine chætopod annelids, having a well- formed head, with two pairs of eyes, antennæ, four pairs of tentacles, and a protrusile pharynx, armed with a pair of hooked jaws.

Ne"re*ites (?), n. pl. (Paleon.) Fossil tracks of annelids.

||Ne`re*o*cys"tis (?), n. [NL. See Nereid, and Cyst.] (Bot.) A genus of ||gigantic seaweeds.

Nereocystis Lutkeana, of the North Pacific, has a stem many fathoms long, terminating in a great vesicle, which is crowned with a tuft of long leaves. The stem is used by the Alaskans for fishing lines.

Nerf"ling (?), n. (Zoöl.) The id.

||Ne*ri"ta (?), n. [L., a sort of sea mussel, Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Zoöl.) A ||genus of marine gastropods, mostly natives of warm climates.

Ner"ite (? or ?; 277), n. (Zoöl.) Any mollusk of the genus Nerita.

||Ner`i*ti"na (?), n. (Zoöl.) A genus including numerous species of ||shells resembling Nerita in form. They mostly inhabit brackish water, ||and are often delicately tinted.

Ne"ro (?), n. A Roman emperor notorious for debauchery and barbarous cruelty; hence, any profligate and cruel ruler or merciless tyrant. -- Ne*ro"ni*an (#), a.

Ner"o*li (?), n. [F. néroli, said to be from the name of an Italian princess.] (Chem.) An essential oil obtained by distillation from the flowers of the orange. It has a strong odor, and is used in perfumery, etc.

Neroli camphor (Chem.), a white crystalline waxy substance, tasteless and odorless, obtained from beroli oil; -- called also auradin.

Ner"re (?), adv. & a. [See Near.] Nearer. [Obs.] [Written also neer, ner.] Chaucer.

Never the neer, never the nearer; no nearer. [Obs.]

Nerv"ate (?), a. (Bot.) Nerved.

Ner*va"tion (?), n. The arrangement of nerves and veins, especially those of leaves; neuration.

The outlines of the fronds of ferns, and their nervation, are frail characters if employed alone for the determination of existing genera.

J. D. Hooker.

Nerve (?), n. [OE. nerfe, F. nerf, L. nervus, akin to Gr. &?; sinew, nerve; cf. &?; string, bowstring; perh. akin to E. needle. Cf. Neuralgia.] 1. (Anat.) One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibers, with the accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve centers and various parts of the animal body.

An ordinary nerve is made up of several bundles of nerve fibers, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the perineurium) and all bound together in a connective tissue sheath and framework (the epineurium) containing blood vessels and lymphatics.

2. A sinew or a tendon. Pope.

3. Physical force or steadiness; muscular power and control; constitutional vigor.

he led me on to mightiest deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm.

Milton.

4. Steadiness and firmness of mind; self- command in personal danger, or under suffering; unshaken courage and endurance; coolness; pluck; resolution.

5. Audacity; assurance. [Slang]

6. (Bot.) One of the principal fibrovascular bundles or ribs of a leaf, especially when these extend straight from the base or the midrib of the leaf.

7. (Zoöl.) One of the nervures, or veins, in the wings of insects.

Nerve cell (Anat.), one of the nucleated cells with which nerve fibers are connected; a ganglion cell. -- Nerve fiber (Anat.), one of the fibers of which nerves are made up. These fibers are either medullated or nonmedullated. in both kinds the essential part is the translucent threadlike axis cylinder which is continuous the whole length of the fiber. -- Nerve stretching (Med.), the operation of stretching a nerve in order to remedy diseases such as tetanus, which are supposed to be influenced by the condition of the nerve or its connections.

Nerve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nerved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nerving.] To give strength or vigor to; to supply with force; as, fear nerved his arm.

Nerved (?), a. 1. Having nerves of a special character; as, weak- nerved.

2. (Bot.) Having nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins. Gray.

Nerve"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of nerves.

2. Destitute of strength or of courage; wanting vigor; weak; powerless.

A kingless people for a nerveless state.

Byron.

Awaking, all nerveless, from an ugly dream.

Hawthorne.

Nerve"less*ness, n. The state of being nerveless.

Nerve"-shak`en (?), a. Affected by a tremor, or by a nervous disease; weakened; overcome by some violent influence or sensation; shocked.

Ner`vi*mo"tion (?), n. [Nerve + motion.] (Physiol.) The movement caused in the sensory organs by external agents and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves. Dunglison.

Ner`vi*mo"tor (?), n. [Nerve + motor.] (Physiol.) Any agent capable of causing nervimotion. Dunglison.

Nerv"ine (?; 277) a. [L. nervinus made of sinews: cf.F. nervin. See Nerve.] (Med.) Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves; quieting nervous excitement. -- n. A nervine agent.

Ner`vo*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Nerve + muscular.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to both nerves and muscles; of the nature of nerves and muscles; as, nervomuscular energy.

Ner*vose" (?), a. [See Nervous.] (Bot.) Same as Nerved.

Ner*vos"i*ty (?), n. [L. nervositas strength.] Nervousness. [R.]

Nerv"ous (?), a. [L. nervosus sinewy, vigorous: cf. F. nerveux. See Nerve.] 1. possessing nerve; sinewy; strong; vigorous. "Nervous arms." Pope.

2. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterized by strength in sentiment or style; forcible; spirited; as, a nervous writer.

3. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; as, nervous excitement; a nervous fever.

4. Having the nerves weak, diseased, or easily excited; subject to, or suffering from, undue excitement of the nerves; easily agitated or annoyed.

Poor, weak, nervous creatures.

Cheyne.

5. Sensitive; excitable; timid.

Our aristocratic class does not firmly protest against the unfair treatment of Irish Catholics, because it is nervous about the land.

M. Arnold.

Nervous fever (Med.), a low form of fever characterized by great disturbance of the nervous system, as evinced by delirium, or stupor, disordered sensibility, etc. -- Nervous system (Anat.), the specialized coördinating apparatus which endows animals with sensation and volition. In vertebrates it is often divided into three systems: the central, brain and spinal cord; the peripheral, cranial and spinal nerves; and the sympathetic. See Brain, Nerve, Spinal cord, under Spinal, and Sympathetic system, under Sympathetic, and Illust. in Appendix. -- Nervous temperament, a condition of body characterized by a general predominance of mental manifestations. Mayne.

Nerv"ous*ly, adv. In a nervous manner.

Nerv"ous*ness, n. State or quality of being nervous.

Nerv"ure (?), n. [F. See Nerve.] 1. (Bot.) One of the nerves of leaves.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the chitinous supports, or veins, in the wings of incests.

Nerv"y (?), a. [Compar. Nervier (?); superl. - iest.] Strong; sinewy. "His nervy knees." Keats.

Nes"cience (?), n. [L. nescientia, fr. nesciens, p. pr. of nescire not to know; ne not + scire to know.] Want of knowledge; ignorance; agnosticism.

God fetched it about for me, in that absence and nescience of mine.

Bp. Hall.

Nese (?), n. Nose. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

Nesh (?), a. [AS. hnesc, hnæsc, akin to Goth. hnasqus.] Soft; tender; delicate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Ness (?), n. [AS. næs, ns; akin to Icel. nes, Sw. näs, Dan. næs, and E. nose. &radic; 261. See Nose.] A promontory; a cape; a headland. Hakluyt.

Ness is frequently used as a suffix in the names of places and promontories; as, Sheerness.

-ness (&?;). [AS. -ness, -nyss, - nys; akin to OS. -nissi, nussi, D. -nis, OHG. -nissa, -nass, -nuss, G. - nis, -niss, Goth. -inasus.] A suffix used to form abstract nouns expressive of quality or state; as, goodness, greatness.

Ness"ler*ize (?), v. t. [From Nessler, the chemist.] (Chem.) To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia.

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Nest (?), n. [AS. nest; akin to D. & G. nest, Sw. näste, L. nidus, for nisdus, Skr. n&?;a resting place, nest; cf. Lith. lizdas, Arm. neiz, Gael. & Ir. nead. Prob. from the particle ni down, Skr. ni + the root of E. sit, and thus orig., a place to sit down in. &radic; 264. See Nether, and Sit, and cf. Eyas, Nidification, Nye.] 1. The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and for hatching and rearing her young.

The birds of the air have nests.

Matt. viii. 20.

2. Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects, turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young animals are reared. Bentley.

3. A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; as, a nest of traitors; a nest of bugs.

A little cottage, like some poor man's nest.

Spenser.

4. (Geol.) An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state, within a rock.

5. A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each put within the one next larger.

6. (Mech.) A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working together or collectively.

Nest egg, an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the beginning of a fund or collection. Hudibras.

Nest (?), v. i. To build and occupy a nest.

The king of birds nested within his leaves.

Howell.

Nest, v. t. To put into a nest; to form a nest for.

From him who nested himself into the chief power.

South.

Nest"ful (?), n.; pl. Nestfuls (&?;). As much or many as will fill a nest.

Nes"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Nestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nestling (?).] [AS. nestlian.] 1. To make and occupy a nest; to nest. [Obs.]

The kingfisher . . . nestles in hollow banks.

L'Estrange.

2. To lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest; to cuddle up; to settle, as in a nest; to harbor; to take shelter.

Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there nestle till succors came.

Bacon.

3. To move about in one's place, like a bird when shaping the interior of her nest or a young bird getting close to the parent; as, a child nestles.

Nes"tle, v. t. To house, as in a nest.

2. To cherish, as a bird her young.

Nes"tling (?). n. 1. A young bird which has not abandoned the nest. Piers Plowman.

2. A nest; a receptacle. [Obs.] Bacon.

Nes"tling, a. Newly hatched; being yet in the nest.

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