The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches (part 4 of 4)
Paradisea papuana, 280
Parahormetica bilobata, 12, 301
Parameciidae, 186
Paramecium sp., 186-187
Paranephrites xenus, 230
Parapolyphaga erectipilis, 9-10
Parasites, 91, 95-96; =pls. 16, 27, 29, 35= cockroach egg, 2, 234-254, 350-352; =pls. 33, 34= host selection by, 254-255
Parasitism, 91-94
Parcoblatta, 350 americana, 12, 267 bolliana, 12, 59, 338 caudelli, 12, 59 desertae, 12, 25, 29, 59, 316 divisa, 12, 59, 140, 152, 153, 155 fulvescens, 12, 24, 59-60, 79, 140 lata, 12, 60, 79, 100, 140, 152, 301, 333, 339 notha, 12, 80 pensylvanica, 12, 15, 61, 80, 100, 152, 153, 257, 302, 318, 319, 327, 333, 339; =pl. 17= spp., 17, 20, 63, 144, 206, 302, 316, 333, 336 uhleriana, 12, 15, 61-62, 100, 302, 339; =pls. 18, 33= virginica, 12, 15, 62-63, 100, 230, 255, 257, 258, 302, 316, 323, 333; =pls. 17, 27, 33= zebra, 12, 63, 140, 155
Parinarium, 34
Parsley, 237
Parsnip, 240
Partridge, 278
Parvobacteriaceae, 119
Passer domesticus, 282
Passeriformes, 280
Passiflora sp., 37, 159
Passifloraceae, 159
Pasteurella multocida, 119 pestis, 119
Pastinaca sativa, 240
Paxylomma buccata, 255
p-benzoquinone, 216, 347
p-chlorophenyl, p-chlorobenzene sulfonate, 222
Pedipalpida, 211
Pelmatosilpha coriacea, 12, 63, 142, 150, 151, 160 kevani, 12, 63 marginalis, 12, 150, 326 purpurascens, 12, 63, 150, 326 rotundata, 12, 145 vagabunda, 12, 150
Peltomyces blattellae, 176 periplanetae, 176-177
Penicillium sp., 131
Periplaneta americana, 12, 17, 20, 63-64, 70, 71, 80, 83, 84, 87, 89, 98-101, 103, 104, 106, 126, 129, 143, 150, 151, 56, 162, 163, 166, 190, 191, 205, 211-213, 223, 225, 226, 229, 245, 255, 271, 272, 276, 280, 302-304, 318, 320, 321, 323-327, 332, 334-336, 338-340, 342, 346-348, 350-352, 354; =pls. 19, 33, 34, 35= australasiae, 12, 21, 55, 64, 70, 71, 80, 87, 89, 100, 105, 115, 117, 123, 143, 150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 163, 209, 210, 214, 225, 304-305, 318-320, 323, 326, 327, 333, 335, 338, 339, 341, 342, 348, 350, 351, 354; =pls. 20, 32= brunnea, 12, 64, 70, 80, 150, 153, 171, 305, 323, 325-326, 340, 346; =pl. 21= cavernicola, 12, 16, 21 fortipes, 13 fuliginosa, 12, 64, 81, 158, 164, 251, 277, 305, 327, 335, 338; =pl. 22= ignota, 12, 81, 115, 327 lata, 12, 21 orientalis, 8 picea, 12 spp., 21, 90, 305-306, 317, 352 tartara, 8
Periplaneticola mirzaia, 193
Perisphaerus armadillo, 12, 329 glomeriformis, 12, 329, 347 sp., 21, 329
Periwinkle, 47
Permian, 14
Perodicticus potto, 284
Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, 205 polionotus rhoadsi, 24
Petitia domingensis, 66, 317
Petroselium crispum, 237
Phaetalia pallida, 12, 81
Phasianidae, 277
Phasianus calchicus karpowi, 277 sp., 277
Pheasants, 277
Pheidole megacephala, 268
Phidon (?) dubius, 13, 64
Phileciton longipes, 314
Philip, Ship, 83
Philodromus pernix, 318
Phlebonotus pallens, 13, 329
Phlebotomus papatasii, 322
Phoenix dactylifera, 143
Pholadoblatta inusitata, 13, 316
Phoraspidinae, 329
Phoraspis sp., 64, 142
Phoridae, 227
Phormictopus cancerides, 214
Phorticolea boliviae, 13, 311, 314 testacea, 13, 312
Phryganoporus, 317
Phycomycetes, 132
Phyllodromia germanica, 8 hemerobina, 10 hieroglyphica, 10 humbertiana, 8 nigrocincta, 14 obtusata, 7 parenthesis, 14 spp., 306, 352 supellectilium, 13-14 treitliana, 13, 245
Phyllodromica brevipennis, 13, 64 graeca, 13, 65 irinae, 13, 65 maculata, 13, 65 megerlei, 13, 65, 153 polita, 13, 65 pygmaea, 13, 65, 141 tartara, 13, 65 tartara nigrescens, 13, 65, 141, 162
Physaloptera hispida, 191, 207 maxillaris, 191, 207, 288, 289 praeputialis, 207 rara, 191, 207, 288, 289 turgida, 191, 207
Physalopteridae, 207
Physignathus lesueurii, 275
Phytoseiidae, 216
Picidae, 279
Piciformes, 279
Pigeon, 279, 343
Pileocephalus blaberae, 184
Pilocrocis secernalis, 66, 317
Pimeliaphilus podapolipophagus, 219-221, 320
Pimelodidae, 268
Pinaceae, 140
Pine, 36, 41-44, 46, 47, 49-54, 57, 59-67, 140
Pineapple, 39, 45, 68, 144, 165
Pinus australis, 140 caribaea, 50, 52, 53, 59, 64, 140 clausa, 53, 140 echinata, 140 spp., 40 sylvestris, 140
Pisces, 268
Plagiotoma blattarum, 188
Plants, carnivorous, 154 damage to, by cockroaches, 162-166 higher, 139-162 pitcher, 154
Platyhelminthes, 208
Platyzosteria analis, 13, 306 armata, 13, 100 bifida, 13, 151 castanea, 13, 65, 306, 345 ingens, 10 novae seelandiae, 13, 65, 306, 321, 346; =pl. 23= novae-zealandiae, 13 sabalianus, 10 scabra, 13, 306 sp., 306
Plectoptera dominicae, 13, 66, 157 dorsalis, 13, 66, 67, 81, 142, 143, 151, 155-158, 160, 161, 317 floridana, 13 infulata, 13, 66, 142, 155, 156-158, 317 lacerna, 13, 66, 140, 153 perscita, 13, 66, 157 poeyi, 13, 66, 158, 159 porcellana, 13, 66, 157, 162 pygmaea, 13, 66 rhabdota, 13, 66, 67, 142, 155-158, 160, 317 sp., 306 vermiculata, 13, 67, 140
Pleistophora periplanetae, 186
Plethodon glutinosus, 269
Plethodontidae, 269
Plistophora kudoi, 185-186 periplanetae, 177, 185, 186 sp., 186
Ploceinae, 318
Ploceus sp., 318
Plumiger histrio, 7
Plumilla, 35
Pneumococcus, 109
Podapolipodidae, 219
Podium abdominale, 265 carolina, 265 dubium, 265 flavipenne, 265-266 haematogastrum, 263, 266, 352 luctuosum, 266 rufipes, 266 sp., 266
Podocarpus, 42
Pogonomyrmex badius, 346, 347; =pl. 36=
Poinsettia sp., 157
Poinsettias, 164
Polecat, 4
Poliomyelitis viruses, 3, 103
Polistes, 318, 319
Polybia pygmaea, 314
"Polygamia" aegyptiaca, 13 roseni, 7
Polymastigidae, 169
Polymastigina, 169
Polymastix, 101
Polyphaga aegyptiaca, 13, 21, 24, 25, 29, 67, 81, 100, 190, 306 indica, 13, 24, 29, 317 pellucida, 13 saussurei, 13, 24, 29, 67, 71, 81, 114, 115, 117-119, 306 sp., =21=
Polyphagids, 344
Polyphaginae, 25
Polypodiaceae, 140
Polystichum aristatum, 163
Polyzosteria analis, 13 limbata, 13, 67 melanaria, 13, 306
Pomarrosa, 160
Pompilidae, 256
Pompilus bracatus, 256 sp., 256
Ponerinae, 314
Pongidae, 286
Ponies, pit (mine), 16, 23
Populus diversifolia, 152 euphratica, 47, 152 sp., 152
Poroblatta nigra, 11 spp., 67
Potamotrygon humboldti, 268 hystrix, 268
Potamotrygontidae, 268
Potato, 165
Potto, 284
Poultry, 276-278, 353
Prairie dog, 24
Predation, interspecies, 92, 319-322 intraspecies, 92, 322-324
Predatism, 91-95
Predators, 91, 96, 319 defense against, 343-348 of cockroach eggs, 234
Prey, experimental, 4 natural, 4
Primates, 283
Pritchardia, 64, 163
Privies (latrines), cockroaches in, 74, 80, 81, 178, 340
Procyonidae, 288
Prodenia litula, 320
Prolabia, 339
Prolophomonas tocopola, 173
Prosevania punctata, 240-242, 254-255, 351; =pl. 33=
Prosoplecta, 348
Prosthenorchis elegans, 203, 283, 285, 286, 288-290 spirula, 203, 283, 286, 288-290
Proteus mirabilis, 114 morganii, 114 rettgeri, 114 spp., 114 vulgaris, 114
Protomagalhaesia serpentula, 168, 184
Protomonadina, 166
Protospirura bonnei, 206 columbiana, 206 muricola, 191, 206, 284
Protozoa, 2, 92, 101-103, 166-190 cultured in vitro, 170, 178, 179, 188
Protrelleta floridana, 199
Protrellina, 199 aurifluus, 199 australasiae, 199 galebi, 199 künckeli, 199 manni, 200 phyllodromi, 200
Protrelloides paradoxa, 200
Protrellus aureus, 199 aurifluus, 199 australasiae, 199 galebi, 199 künckeli, 199 manni, 200 phyllodromi, 200
Pseudoderopeltis aethiopica, 13, 100
Pseudomonadaceae, 104
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 104 eisenbergii, 105 fluorescens, 105
Pseudomopinae, 60, 230, 231
Pseudomops cincta, 13, 319 laticornis, 13, 145 septentrionalis, 13, 67, 162
Pseudophoraspis nebulosa, 13, 81, 328
Pseudosaccharomycetaceae, 129
Psidium guajava, 67, 160
Psocoptera, 318
Pteridophyta, 139
Pteromalidae, 247
Pteromalus sp., 247, 248
Pterygosomidae, 219
Pycnosceloides aporus, 12, 58
Pycnoscelus niger, 13, 22 striatus, 13, 22 surinamensis, 2, 13, 22, 25, 67-68, 70, 71, 81, 87, 90, 100, 138, 139, 142-146, 151, 152, 155-157, 161-165, 191, 212, 229, 259, 279, 280, 282, 306-307, 324, 330, 333, 335, 338, 341-343, 350, 353; =pl. 24=
Pyrus sp., 62
Quail, Japanese, 277
Quercus alba, 152 pubescens, 38 rubra, 152 spp., 153 virginiana, 152
Quinones, 347
Rana catesbeiana, 271 mascareniensis, 271 pipiens, 271, 345
Ranatra sp., 227
Ranidae, 270
Rats, 4, 287 kangaroo, 23, 26 Norway, 287 wood, 23, 26
Rattus norvegicus, 287 rattus, 287 spp., 287
Reduviidae, 227
Reduviids, undetermined, 227
Reduvius christophi, 227 fedtschenkianus, 227
Renealmia sp., 151
Repellents, 345-347
Reptiles, 3, 272-276, 353 eggs of, 320
Reptilia, 272-276
Reticulitermes sp., 317
Retortamonas blattae, 167, 168 orthopterorum, 169 sp., 167
Rhabditoidea, 192
Rhamdia sebae, 268
Rhantus pacificus, 230
Rhicnoda natatrix, 13, 33 sp., 146
Rhinopsis caniculatus, 257
Rhinotermitidae, 310
Rhipidioides ableptus, 230 adynatus, 230 fuscatus, 230 helenae, 230 mollis, 231 rubricatus, 231
Rhipidius, 230
Rhipiphoridae, 230
Rhizobiaceae, 106
Rhizoglyphus tarsalus, 218
Rhizophora mangle, 36, 159
Rhizophoracea, 159
Rhizopus nigricans, 133 sp., 133
Rhombomys opimus, 24
Rhynchonympha, 102 tarda, 174, 175
Rhyparobia maderae, 11
Rhythms, diurnal, 335
Rhytidometopum dissimile, 13, 68, 158
Riatia fulgida, 13, 157 orientis, 13, 68, 158
Riboflavin, 101
Rictularia coloradensis, 192, 205
Riekella australis, 231 nitidioides, 231 sp., 231
Ripidiini, biology of Australian, 231
Ripidius, 230 boissyi, 231-232 denisi, 232 pectinicornis, 84, 232-233 scutellaris, 233 sp., 232
Ripiphoridae, 230
Roach (see cockroach)
Robshelfordia circumducta, 13, 307 longiuscula, 13, 307
Rodentia, 287
Rosa sp., 155
Rosaceae, 155
Rose, 155, 163-165
Roundworms, 2 (see Helminths)
Roystonea regia, 143
Rubiaceae, 161
Rubus spp., 155
Rushes, 46
Rutaceae, 157
Sabal palmetto, 50
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 133 sp., 133
Saccharomycetaceae, 133
Saccharomycetes, 129
Saccharum officinarum, 141-142
Saccinobaculus, 102 ambloaxostylus, 170 doroaxostylus, 170 lata, 170 minor, 170 undescribed spp., 170
Saimiri sciurea, 285
Salamander, 269
Salganea morio, 13, 334
Salicaceae, 152
Salientia, 270
Salius verticalis, 256
Salix sp., 152
Salmonella anatis, 114 choleraesuis, 114 enteritidus, 114 morbificans, 115 paratyphi, 115 schottmuelleri, 115 typhimurium, 116 typhosa, 117
Salmonella sp. (Type Adelaide), 115 (Type Bareilly), 115 (Type Bredeny), 115 (Type Derby), 115 (Type Kentucky), 115 (Type Kottbus), 115 (Type Meleagris), 116 (Type Montevideo), 116 (Type Newport), 116 (Type Oranienburg), 116 (Type Panama), 116 (Type Rubislaw), 116 (Type Tennessee), 116
Salsola kali, 65
Samanea saman, 35, 156
Samui, Steamship, 232
Sapindaceae, 158
Sapotaceae, 160
Sarcina alba, 108 aurantiaca, 108 lutea, 108 spp., 108-109 symbiotica, 108 ventriculi, 108
Sarcodina, 176
Sarcophaga lambens, 2, 229 omani, 229 sternodontis, 229 spp., 229
Sarcophagidae, 229
Sarracenia flava, 154 minor, 154 purpurea, 154 variolaris, 154
Sarraceniaceae, 154
Sauria, 272
Scale, diaspine, 237
Sceliphron caementarium, 248
Schistosoma haematobium, 208
Schistosomatidae, 208
Schizomycetes, 104
Schizophyta, 104
Schwenkiella icemi, 200
Scincidae, 274
Scolopendra, 222 cingulata, 223 morsitans, 223 subspinipes, 224 sp., 224
Scolopendridae, 223
Scolopendromorpha, 223
Scorpionida, 211
Scorpionidae, 213
Scorpions, 3, 211, 349
Scorzonera acanthoclada, 65, 162
Scutigera coleoptrata, 222-223; =pl. 31= forceps, 222 maculata, 223
Scutigeridae, 222
Scutigeromorpha, 222
Sea grape, 43, 69
Seaweed, 47, 55
Secretions, repellent, 6, 216, 225 sexual, 235
Sedge, 66
Serpentes, 276
Serratia marcescens, 117-118; =pl. 16=
Setaria verticillata, 142
Seurocyrnea colini, 207
Severianoia magna, 200 severianoi, 200
Sewers, cockroaches in, 74, 332, 338
Shelfordella tartara, 8
Shigella alkalescens, 118 dysenteriae, 118 paradysenteriae, 119
Ships, 82-84 cockroaches on, 79, 82-87 slave, 79, 86, 87
Shrike, 281
Sibylloblatta panesthoides, 13, 151
Sida, 64, 159, 163
Sideroxylon foetidissimum, 63, 160
Silkworm, bacterium from, 126 "disease bacillus," 127
Simblerastes jamaicanus, 13, 69, 317, 334
Simia jacchus, 285
Sinanthropes, 71, 81
Skinks, 274, 354
Snakes, 276
Sodium fluoride, 278
Solanaceae, 161
Solanum tuberosum, 161
Solenopsis geminata, 314
Solindenia picticornis, 246, 247
Sound, cockroach, 330
Sow bugs, 347
Sparassidae, 215
Sparrow, 282 English, 282
Spartan, Ship, 84
Spartina marsh, 42
Spelaeoblatta caeca, 14 gestroi, 13, 22
Spermophilopsis leptodactylus, 24
Sphaerita, 189
Sphaerodactylus sp., 273
Sphagnum, 52
Sphecidae, 264
Sphecophila polybiarum, 13, 314 ravana, 13, 310-311 termitium, 13, 311
Sphodromantis bioculata, 225 viridis, 225
Spicaria prasina, 130
Spiders, 3, 211, 214-216, 317, 318, 347, 349; =pl. 30= banana, 215 big, brown house, 215 bird-eating, 214 black widow, 216 button, 215 huntsman, 215 nests, 215-216
Spiniger domesticus, 227
Spirillochaeta blattae, 127
Spirillum α, β, and γ, 105 periplaneticum, 105, 127 sp., 105
Spirocerca sanguinolenta, 203
Spirochaeta blattae, 125 blattarum, 125 periplanetae, 125 stylopygae, 125
Spirochaetaceae, 125
Spirochaetales, 125
Spirochaetes, unidentified, 125
"Spirochaetoid bacteria," 127
Spirorbis pusillus, 14
Spirostomidae, 188
Spirotricha, 187
Spirura gastrophila, 207
Spiruridae, 205
Spiruroidea, 204
Spondias, 67 mombin, 158 purpurea, 158
Sporozoa, 181
Spruce, 44
Squirrel, ground, 23, 24, 26
Stagmomantis carolina, 225-226
Staphylococci, 107
Staphylococcus albus, 107
Staurojoeninidae, 174
Stegobium paniceum, 99
Steinernematidae, 192
Steleopyga sinensis, 13, 307
Stenamma andrei, 316
Stenobothrus vagans, 46
Stenophora sp., 181
Stenophoridae, 181
Sterculiaceae, 159
Stictolampra buqueti concinula, 14, 33
Stigmatomyces sp., 129, 138
Stilpnoblatta minuta, 316
Stipa lessingiana, 46
Strepsiptera, 234
Streptococcus faecalis, 109 liquefaciens, 110 microapoika, 110 non-hemolyticus, 110 pyogenes, 110 spp., 110
Streptomyces leidynematis, 124, 196, 197
Streptomycetaceae, 124
Streptopelia chinensis, 278
Streptostomum gracile, 195
Strigidae, 279
Strigiformes, 279
Strongyloidea, 209
Sturnidae, 281
Stylogaster spp., 228 stylata, 228
Stylopyga americana, 12
Styphon bakeri, 14, 69, 344
Subulura jacchi, 204
Subuluridae, 204
Sugarcane, 37-39, 45, 48, 51, 53-56, 58, 64, 66-69, 141-142
Suifunema caudelli, 200
Sulfur, flowers of, 222
Sunfish, 269
Sunflower, 67
Supella hottentotta, 14, 29 supellectilium, 14, 69, 70, 71, 76, 82, 87, 89, 100, 115, 117, 142, 161, 165, 205, 216, 223, 232, 255, 307, 327, 333, 335, 339, 342, 349-351; =pls. 25, 30, 31, 34= sp., 90
Swift, edible-nest, 318
Swiss chard, 47, 153
Symbiosis, 25-26, 92
Symbius blattarum, 232
Symploce bicolor, 14, 82 bilabiata, 14 breviramis, 14, 22 cavernicola, 14, 21, 22, 318, 333 curta, 14, 22 flagellata, 14, 69, 307 hospes, 14, 82, 161, 339 jamaicana, 14, 69 kevani, 14, 29 lita, 14 parenthesis, 14, 307 remyi, 14, 22 ruficollis, 14, 69, 142, 161, 307 sp., =90=
Syncephalastrum sp., 133
Synonyms, 5
Syntomosphyrum blattae, 248 glossinae, 250 ischnopterae, =249=
Systellogaster ovivora, 248
Syzygium aromaticum, 160
Szepligetella sericea, 242
Tachinid, undetermined, 228
Tachysphex blatticidus, 264 coriaceus, 264 fanuiensis, 264 lativalvis, 264-265
Taenia echinococcus, 208 saginata, 208
Taeniidae, 208
Taenioidea, 208
Tamarind, 51
Tamarindus indica, 156
Tapeworm, undetermined, 208
Tarachodes maurus, 226
Tarantula, 214
Tarantula, 214
Tarsiidae, 284
Tarsius, 284
Tartaroblatta karatavica, 14, 70
Tatu novemcinctum, 287
Taxodiaceae, 140
Tegenaria, 214
Teiidae, 275
Temnopteryx, 134-135 deropeltiformis, 10 obliquetruncata, 14, 317 phalerata, 14, 307 platysoma, 8
Temperature preference, 25, 71
Tenadores, Steamship
Tenodera aridifolia sinensis, 226
Termes bellicosus, 311 flavipes, 316 malaccensis, 311 sp., =311=
Termites, 57, 69, 102, 310-311, 317, 320 comején, 317
Termitidae, 311
Termopsis sp., 317
Testudo horsfieldi, 24
Tetragenous sp., 127
Tetralopha scabridella, 35, 66, 67, 317
Tetrameres americana, 207 pattersoni, 207
Tetrastichodes asthenogmus, 249
Tetrastichus australasiae, 249 hagenowii, 94, 249-253, 255, 349-351; =pl. 34= periplanetae, 253 sp., 249, 254, 351
Tetratrichomastix blattidarum, 170
Tettix kraussi, 46
Thallophyta, 129
Thecadactylus sp., 273
Theganopteryx straminea, 14, 30
Thelastoma aligarhica, 200 brevicaudatum, 194 bulhõesi, 201 heterogamiae, 199 icemi, 200 indiana, 194 magalhãesi, 194 pachyjuli, 200-201 palmettum, 201 panesthiae, 198 riveroi, 201
Thelastomatidae, 190, 193
Thelaziidae, 204
Thelyphonidae, 211
Thelyphonus giganteus, 211
Theobroma cacao, 159
Theraphosidae, 214
Therea nuptialis, 14, 344
Theridiidae, 215
Thistle, 60 giant, 51
Thyrsocera cincta, 13
Tiaris bicolor omissa, 282
Tillandsia fasciculata, 144 usneoides, 144 uttriculata, 50, 144 sp., 31, 36, 144
Timulla eriphyla, 264
Tivia australica, 14, 316 brunnea, 14, 30 fulva, 14, 28, 30 macracantha, 14, 23 obscura, 14, 30 sp., 23
Toads, 270, 353
Tobacco, 165
Tockus birostris, 279
Todidae, 279
Todus mexicanus, 279
Tody, 279
Torula acidophila, 132 gropengiesseri, 132 rosea, 132
Torulopsis, 130
Toxoplasma gondii, 190
Trapping, 53, 59-63
Treeferns, 36, 42, 50, 56, 57, 139
Trees (see under common or scientific name) in general, 35-68
Trematoda, 208
Treponema parvum, 125 stylopygae, 125
Treponemataceae, 125
Triatoma arthurneivai, 227
Tribulus sp., 63, 156, 163, 165
Trichomastic orthopterum, 169
Trichomastix, 169
Trichomonadidae, 171
Trichomonas hominis, 171 orthopterorum, 169 sp., 171
Trichonympha, 102 acuta, 174 algoa, 174, 175 chula, 176 grandis, 176 lata, 176 okolona, 175, 176 parva, 176
Trichonymphidae, 174
Trichostrongylidae, 210
Trichostrongylus sp., 210
Trichotarsus, 218
Trichuridae, 210
Trichuris trichiura, 210
Trichuroidea, 210
Trigonopsis abdominalis, 265
Trirhogma caerulea, 262 sp., 264
Troglobies, 17, 20
Troglodytes aedon, 281 audax, 281
Troglodytidae, 281
Troglophiles, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23
Trogloxenes, 16
Tropidophorus grayi, 274
Trypanosomatidae, 167
Tulip tree, 53
Turkey, 278
Turtle, desert, 24, 26 painted, 272
Typhloblatta caeca, 14, 23
Typhloblattodes madecassus, 14, 23
Tyrophagus lintneri, 218 noxius, 218
Urinympha, 102 talea, 174, 175
Urodacus novaehollandiae, 213
Uropoda sp., 217
Uropodidae, 217
Vaccinium meridionale, 43, 160
Vanda, 151, 163
Veillonella parvula, 109
Vejovidae, 213
Verbenaceae, 161
Veromessor andrei, 316
Vertebrata, 268-290
Vertebrates, 3, 268 in biological control, 353-354
Vespa maculata, 318
Vespidae, 314
Vespula maculata, 61, 318
Vibrio comma, 105 Deneke's, 105 metschnikovii, 105 sp., 106 types I and II, 106 tyrogenus, 105
Vinca minor, 161
Vireo latimeri, 281
Vireonidae, 281
Viruses, 103-104 Coxsackie, 103-104 encephalomyelitis, mouse, 104 poliomyelitis, 3, 103 Brunhilde type, 103 Columbia SK, 103 Lansing strain, 103 unspecified strains, 103 yellow-fever, 104
Viverridae, 289
Vulpes sp., 288
Wasps, 91, 94, 314, 318, 348 cockroach-egg parasites, 234-254, 350, 352 cockroach-hunting, 255-266, 352
Water, balance, 72 drinking, 72 need for, 71
Water bug, 349
Wattle, 49
Webworm, 316
Weinmannia sp., 155
Whipscorpion, 211
William Kieth, Steamship, 84
Willow, 47, 63, 152
Woodpeckers, 279-280
Wren, 281
Xerophiles, 25
Xestoblatta festae, 14, 87 immaculata, 14, 23
Xylosma suaveolens, 159
Xysticus, 214
Yeasts, 3, 127, 129, 132
Yellow-fever virus, 104
Yucca elata, 54, 146
Zanthoxylum caribaeum, 66, 157
Zea mays, 142, 165
Zelotes, 314
Zeuxevania splendidula, 93, 243, 249, 350
Zingiberaceae, 151
Zootermopsis, 103
Zygophyllaceae, 156
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Part of the cost of publication of this monograph was borne by the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy (through the American Institute of Biological Sciences), and by the Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center, Department of the Army.
[2] Present address of both authors, Central Research Laboratories, United Fruit Co., Upland Road, Norwood, Mass.
[3] Names of organisms preceded by an asterisk (*) are known or suspected pathogens of vertebrates. These records were presented with annotations in our 1957a paper on the medical and veterinary importance of cockroaches. For that reason the annotations have not been repeated herein, although the records have been included to make the listing of the biotic associates of cockroaches substantially complete.
[4] The following helminths also have been stated in the literature to pass their intermediate stages in cockroaches: Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819) [Blanchard (1891)]; Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Davaine in Grenet, 1870) [Baer (1956)]; Spirocerca sanguinolenta (Rudolphi, 1819) [Seurat (1913)]. These doubtful records are discussed in Roth and Willis (1957a).
[5] Barber (1939) has shown that the correct spelling of the name of the type genus is Ripidius and not Rhipidius, as it is frequently written, and that, consequently, the family should be Ripiphoridae and not Rhipiphoridae.
[6] Page 11 of Marlatt (1902) has been cited erroneously so many times in support of host records for T. hagenowii and Evania appendigaster that we are quoting the pertinent section below. In the section preceding the quoted material Marlatt discusses the American, Australian, oriental, and German cockroaches. There is nothing in the paper to connect any of these cockroaches specifically with the parasites mentioned below:
NATURAL ENEMIES AND PARASITES
"In Europe the egg capsules of the cockroach are often parasitized by an ichneumon fly (Evania appendigaster). This insect has become widely distributed over the world following its host insect, and has been redescribed under a great many different names. It was found in Cuba as early as 1829, and has been several times collected in the United States. Unfortunately, its usefulness as a means of keeping the roach in check by destroying the egg capsules is greatly impaired by the occurrence of another ichneumon fly (Entedon hagenowi), which is parasitic upon the first. This is also a European species which has been brought over with its host parasite. If the true egg capsule parasite of the roach could have been introduced into this country without this secondary parasite, its usefulness would doubtless have been very much greater. The secondary parasite, however, seems to have been introduced early, and has been found in Cuba and Florida, and probably occurs as widely as its host and prevents the latter from multiplying very greatly."
[7] Brues et al. (1954) include this family in the Encyrtidae.
[8] archy (Marquis, 1931) was living in a dream world when he typed:
"there is always something to be thankful for you would not think that a cockroach had much ground for optimism but as the fishing season opens up i grow more and more cheerful at the thought that nobody ever got the notion of using cockroaches for bait"
[9] Classification of Amphibia and Reptilia follows Hegner (1936).
[10] Classification of Amphibia and Reptilia follows Hegner (1936).
[11] Classification of Mammalia follows Simpson (1945).
[12] The West Indian "Blabera fusca Brunner" of Saupe (1928) is obviously Blaberus craniifer as can readily be seen from a comparison of Saupe's figures of the pronotal shields of his species with the descriptions by Hebard (1917) of B. craniifer and Blaberus atropos (Stoll). The Chilean B. fusca Brunner is a junior synonym of B. atropos (Stoll), a South American insect (Hebard, 1917).
[13] The species was recorded by these authors as Blaberus atropos. (Hebard, 1917 p. 204, footnote 327.)
Transcriber's Notes:
- symbol for: female indiv. replaced by [F] - symbol for: male indiv. replaced by [M] - symbol for: 'dagger' replaced by [cross] - Different languages (English, French, German, Danish, Latin, etc.) have different spellings for example in titles of books, etc. These remain as in the original. - Several blank lines inserted to enhance readability of text(!) - Several page numbers in 'table of contents' corrected, according to real page numbers. - caret used for superscripted characters; eg.: abc^{...} - underscore used for subscripted characters; eg.: abc_{...}