The 2010 CIA World Factbook (part 25 of 25)

The 2010 CIA World Factbook (part 25 of 25)

This entry is the total natural gas exported in cubic meters (cu m).

Rank country (cu m) Date of Information

1 Russia 179,100,000,000 2009 2 Norway 98,850,000,000 2009 est. 3 Canada 94,670,000,000 2009 est. 4 Algeria 59,670,000,000 2008 est. 5 Qatar 56,780,000,000 2008 est. 6 Netherlands 55,590,000,000 2009 est. 7 Indonesia 33,500,000,000 2008 est. 8 Malaysia 31,030,000,000 2008 est. 9 United States 30,350,000,000 2009 est. 10 Australia 22,300,000,000 2009 est. 11 Nigeria 20,550,000,000 2008 est. 12 Kazakhstan 17,660,000,000 2008 est. 13 Trinidad and Tobago 17,360,000,000 2008 est. 14 Uzbekistan 15,000,000,000 2008 est. 15 Turkmenistan 14,000,000,000 2009 est. 16 Germany 12,640,000,000 2009 est. 17 United Kingdom 12,170,000,000 2009 est. 18 Bolivia 11,790,000,000 2008 est. 19 Oman 10,890,000,000 2008 est. 20 Libya 10,400,000,000 2008 est. 21 Brunei 9,200,000,000 2008 est. 22 Burma 8,550,000,000 2008 est. 23 Egypt 8,550,000,000 2009 est. 24 United Arab Emirates 7,567,000,000 2008 est. 25 Azerbaijan 5,564,000,000 2008 est. 26 Equatorial Guinea 5,170,000,000 2008 est. 27 Ukraine 5,000,000,000 2009 est. 28 Iran 4,246,000,000 2008 est. 29 Denmark 3,980,000,000 2009 30 Austria 3,961,000,000 2009 est. 31 China 3,320,000,000 2009 32 Mozambique 3,200,000,000 2008 est. 33 France 1,931,000,000 2009 est. 34 Czech Republic 1,111,000,000 2009 est. 35 Spain 975,000,000 2009 est. 36 Colombia 900,000,000 2008 est. 37 Argentina 890,000,000 2008 est. 38 Turkey 708,000,000 2009 est. 39 Croatia 695,500,000 2009 est. 40 Mexico 688,000,000 2009 est. 41 Italy 124,000,000 2009 est. 42 Hungary 85,000,000 2009 est. 43 Poland 40,000,000 2009 est. 44 Slovakia 15,000,000 2009 est. 45 Yemen 454,700 2009 est. 46 Afghanistan 0 2008 est. 47 American Samoa 0 2008 est. 48 Bahrain 0 2008 est. 49 Barbados 0 2008 est. 50 British Virgin Islands 0 2008 est. 51 Botswana 0 2008 est. 52 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 2008 est. 53 Bhutan 0 2008 est. 54 Bermuda 0 2008 est. 55 Benin 0 2008 est. 56 Belize 0 2008 est. 57 Belgium 0 2008 est. 58 Belarus 0 2009 59 Ethiopia 0 2008 est. 60 Estonia 0 2008 est. 61 Eritrea 0 2008 est. 62 El Salvador 0 2008 est. 63 Ecuador 0 2008 est. 64 Dominican Republic 0 2008 est. 65 Dominica 0 2008 est. 66 Djibouti 0 2008 est. 67 Cuba 0 2008 est. 68 Guyana 0 2008 est. 69 Guinea-Bissau 0 2008 est. 70 Guinea 0 2008 est. 71 Guatemala 0 2008 est. 72 Grenada 0 2008 est. 73 Greenland 0 2008 74 Greece 0 2008 est. 75 Gibraltar 0 2008 est. 76 Ghana 0 2008 est. 77 Kyrgyzstan 0 2008 est. 78 Kuwait 0 2008 est. 79 Korea, South 0 2009 est. 80 Korea, North 0 2008 est. 81 Kiribati 0 2008 est. 82 Kenya 0 2008 est. 83 Jordan 0 2008 est. 84 Japan 0 2008 est. 85 Jamaica 0 2008 est. 86 New Zealand 0 2008 est. 87 New Caledonia 0 2008 est. 88 Nepal 0 2009 est. 89 Nauru 0 2008 est. 90 Namibia 0 2008 est. 91 Morocco 0 2008 est. 92 Montserrat 0 2008 est. 93 Mongolia 0 2008 est. 94 Moldova 0 2008 est. 95 Taiwan 0 2008 est. 96 Zimbabwe 0 2008 est. 97 Zambia 0 2008 est. 98 Western Sahara 0 2008 est. 99 West Bank 0 2008 est. 100 Virgin Islands 0 2008 est. 101 Vietnam 0 2009 est. 102 Venezuela 0 2008 est. 103 Vanuatu 0 2008 est. 104 Uruguay 0 2008 est. 105 Uganda 0 2008 est. 106 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 2008 est. 107 Tunisia 0 2008 est. 108 Tonga 0 2008 est. 109 Togo 0 2008 est. 110 Timor-Leste 0 2008 est. 111 Thailand 0 2008 est. 112 Tanzania 0 2008 est. 113 Tajikistan 0 2009 est. 114 Syria 0 2008 est. 115 Switzerland 0 2008 est. 116 Sweden 0 2008 est. 117 Swaziland 0 2008 est. 118 Suriname 0 2008 est. 119 Sudan 0 2008 est. 120 Sri Lanka 0 2008 est. 121 South Africa 0 2008 est. 122 Somalia 0 2008 est. 123 Solomon Islands 0 2008 est. 124 Slovenia 0 2009 est. 125 Singapore 0 2008 est. 126 Sierra Leone 0 2008 est. 127 Seychelles 0 2008 est. 128 Serbia 0 2008 est. 129 Senegal 0 2008 est. 130 Saudi Arabia 0 2008 est. 131 Sao Tome and Principe 0 2008 est. 132 Samoa 0 2008 est. 133 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 2008 est. 134 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 2008 est. 135 Saint Lucia 0 2008 est. 136 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 2008 est. 137 Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha0 2008 est. 138 Rwanda 0 2008 est. 139 Romania 0 2008 est. 140 Puerto Rico 0 2008 est. 141 Portugal 0 2008 est. 142 Philippines 0 2008 est. 143 Paraguay 0 2009 est. 144 Papua New Guinea 0 2008 est. 145 Panama 0 2008 est. 146 Pakistan 0 2008 est. 147 Niue 0 2008 est. 148 Niger 0 2008 est. 149 Nicaragua 0 2008 est. 150 Mauritius 0 2008 est. 151 Mauritania 0 2008 est. 152 Malta 0 2009 est. 153 Mali 0 2008 est. 154 Maldives 0 2009 est. 155 Malawi 0 2008 est. 156 Madagascar 0 2008 est. 157 Macedonia 0 2009 est. 158 Macau 0 2009 est. 159 Luxembourg 0 2008 est. 160 Lithuania 0 2008 est. 161 Liberia 0 2008 est. 162 Lesotho 0 2008 est. 163 Lebanon 0 2009 est. 164 Latvia 0 2008 est. 165 Laos 0 2008 est. 166 Israel 0 2008 est. 167 Ireland 0 2008 est. 168 Iraq 0 2008 est. 169 India 0 2008 est. 170 Iceland 0 2008 est. 171 Hong Kong 0 2009 est. 172 Honduras 0 2008 est. 173 Haiti 0 2008 est. 174 Georgia 0 2008 est. 175 Gambia, The 0 2008 est. 176 Gabon 0 2008 est. 177 French Polynesia 0 2008 est. 178 Finland 0 2008 est. 179 Fiji 0 2008 est. 180 Faroe Islands 0 2008 181 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 2008 est. 182 Cote d'Ivoire 0 2008 est. 183 Costa Rica 0 2008 est. 184 Cook Islands 0 2008 est. 185 Congo, Republic of the 0 2008 est. 186 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 2008 est. 187 Comoros 0 2008 est. 188 Chile 0 2008 est. 189 Chad 0 2008 est. 190 Cyprus 0 2008 est. 191 Central African Republic 0 2008 est. 192 Cayman Islands 0 2008 est. 193 Cape Verde 0 2008 est. 194 Cameroon 0 2008 est. 195 Cambodia 0 2008 est. 196 Burundi 0 2008 est. 197 Burkina Faso 0 2008 est. 198 Bulgaria 0 2008 199 Bangladesh 0 2008 est. 200 Bahamas, The 0 2008 est. 201 Armenia 0 2008 est. 202 Aruba 0 2008 est. 203 Antigua and Barbuda 0 2008 est. 204 Angola 0 2008 est. 205 Albania 0 2008 est.

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Rank code: 2184

Country Comparison :: Internet hosts

This entry lists the number of Internet hosts available within a country. An Internet host is a computer connected directly to the Internet; normally an Internet Service Provider's (ISP) computer is a host. Internet users may use either a hard-wired terminal, at an institution with a mainframe computer connected directly to the Internet, or may connect remotely by way of a modem via telephone line, cable, or satellite to the Internet Service Provider's host computer. The number of hosts is one indicator of the extent of Internet connectivity.

Rank country Internet hosts Date of Information

1 United States 439,000,000 NA 2 Japan 54,846,000 2010 3 Italy 23,160,000 2010 4 Germany 21,729,000 2010 5 Brazil 19,316,000 2010 6 China 15,251,000 2010 7 France 15,182,000 2010 8 Australia 13,361,000 2010 9 Mexico 12,854,000 2010 10 Netherlands 12,607,000 2010 11 Poland 10,510,000 2010 12 Russia 10,382,000 2010 13 Canada 7,770,000 2010 14 United Kingdom 7,030,000 2010 15 Taiwan 6,336,000 2010 16 Argentina 6,025,000 2010 17 Switzerland 4,816,000 2010 18 India 4,536,000 2010 19 Belgium 4,465,000 2010 20 Sweden 4,396,000 2010 21 Finland 4,394,000 2010 22 Denmark 4,145,000 2010 23 Spain 3,822,000 2010 24 South Africa 3,751,000 2010 25 Czech Republic 3,494,000 2010 26 Turkey 3,433,000 2010 27 Norway 3,352,000 2010 28 Portugal 3,267,000 2010 29 Austria 3,266,000 2010 30 Hungary 2,655,000 2010 31 Greece 2,574,000 2010 32 Colombia 2,527,000 2010 33 New Zealand 2,470,000 2010 34 Romania 2,464,000 2010 35 Israel 1,689,000 2010 36 Ireland 1,339,000 2010 37 Thailand 1,335,000 2010 38 Croatia 1,287,000 2010 39 Indonesia 1,269,000 2010 40 Lithuania 1,170,000 2010 41 Slovakia 1,133,000 2010 42 Ukraine 1,098,000 2010 43 Chile 1,056,000 2010 44 Singapore 992,786 2010 45 Hong Kong 817,701 2010 46 Bulgaria 785,546 2010 47 Uruguay 765,525 2010 48 Estonia 729,534 2010 49 Serbia 528,253 2010 50 Moldova 492,181 2010 51 Saudi Arabia 488,598 2010 52 Niue 397,270 2010 53 Philippines 394,990 2010 54 United Arab Emirates 379,309 2010 55 Iceland 344,748 2010 56 Malaysia 344,452 2010 57 Pakistan 330,466 2010 58 Korea, South 291,329 2010 59 Latvia 289,478 2010 60 Dominican Republic 283,298 2010 61 Morocco 277,793 2010 62 Peru 268,225 2010 63 Luxembourg 244,225 2010 64 Venezuela 238,665 2010 65 Guatemala 196,870 2010 66 Cyprus 187,881 2010 67 Egypt 187,197 2010 68 Trinidad and Tobago 168,876 2010 69 Paraguay 167,281 2010 70 Nicaragua 157,162 2010 71 Belarus 147,311 2010 72 Slovenia 137,494 2010 73 Vietnam 129,318 2010 74 Bolivia 125,462 2010 75 Iran 119,947 2010 76 Georgia 110,680 2010 77 Tuvalu 109,478 2010 78 Kyrgyzstan 97,976 2010 79 Bosnia and Herzegovina 95,234 2010 80 Namibia 76,020 2010 81 Bangladesh 68,224 2010 82 Ecuador 67,975 2010 83 Armenia 65,279 2010 84 Macedonia 60,533 2010 85 Kazakhstan 53,984 2010 86 Bahrain 53,944 2010 87 Lebanon 51,451 2010 88 Brunei 50,997 2010 89 Uzbekistan 47,718 2010 90 Kenya 47,676 2010 91 Nepal 43,928 2010 92 Jordan 42,412 2010 93 Ghana 41,082 2010 94 Mauritius 36,653 2010 95 French Polynesia 36,056 2010 96 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 35,312 2010 97 Costa Rica 34,024 2010 98 Zimbabwe 29,866 2010 99 Madagascar 27,606 2010 100 Andorra 26,773 2010 101 Aruba 25,080 2010 102 Malta 24,941 2010 103 Tanzania 24,182 2010 104 Monaco 23,621 2010 105 Azerbaijan 22,737 2010 106 New Caledonia 22,456 2010 107 Bahamas, The 21,939 2010 108 Cayman Islands 21,910 2010 109 Mozambique 21,172 2010 110 Tonga 20,847 2010 111 Uganda 19,927 2010 112 Bermuda 19,855 2010 113 Fiji 17,088 2010 114 Samoa 17,044 2010 115 Honduras 16,075 2010 116 Greenland 15,668 2010 117 Albania 15,098 2010 118 Zambia 14,771 2010 119 El Salvador 13,849 2010 120 Libya 12,432 2010 121 Cote d'Ivoire 9,865 2010 122 Antigua and Barbuda 9,795 2010 123 Panama 9,585 2010 124 Liechtenstein 9,418 2010 125 Bhutan 9,147 2010 126 Oman 9,114 2010 127 Turks and Caicos Islands 8,969 2010 128 Faroe Islands 8,936 2010 129 Virgin Islands 8,933 2010 130 San Marino 8,895 2010 131 Sri Lanka 8,865 2010 132 Guyana 8,840 2010 133 Syria 8,114 2010 134 Mongolia 7,942 2010 135 Antarctica 7,765 2010 136 Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha6,873 2010 137 Montenegro 6,247 2010 138 Cambodia 5,452 2010 139 Papua New Guinea 4,285 2010 140 Nauru 4,158 2010 141 Solomon Islands 4,065 2010 142 Angola 3,717 2010 143 Jamaica 3,099 2010 144 Micronesia, Federated States of 3,097 2010 145 Cuba 3,025 2010 146 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 3,006 2010 147 Belize 2,880 2010 148 Botswana 2,739 2010 149 Christmas Island 2,542 2010 150 Cook Islands 2,521 2010 151 Kuwait 2,485 2010 152 Swaziland 2,335 2010 153 Maldives 2,164 2010 154 Gibraltar 2,053 2010 155 Burkina Faso 1,877 2010 156 Wallis and Futuna 1,734 2010 157 American Samoa 1,676 2010 158 Sao Tome and Principe 1,514 2010 159 Barbados 1,508 2010 160 Tajikistan 1,504 2010 161 Laos 1,468 2010 162 Gambia, The 1,453 2010 163 Nigeria 1,378 2010 164 Vanuatu 1,347 2010 165 Benin 1,286 2010 166 Eritrea 1,241 2010 167 Malawi 870 2010 168 Togo 860 2010 169 British Indian Ocean Territory 827 2010 170 Qatar 822 2010 171 Rwanda 815 2010 172 Turkmenistan 794 2010 173 Isle of Man 765 2010 174 Dominica 718 2010 175 Lesotho 632 2010 176 Algeria 572 2010 177 Montserrat 552 2010 178 Tokelau 526 2010 179 Mali 524 2010 180 British Virgin Islands 497 2010 181 Tunisia 490 2010 182 Puerto Rico 482 2010 183 South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands320 2010 184 Sierra Leone 281 2010 185 Haiti 273 2010 186 Anguilla 271 2010 187 Seychelles 256 2010 188 Yemen 255 2010 189 Macau 252 2010 190 Senegal 241 2010 191 Jersey 237 2010 192 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 211 2010 193 Timor-Leste 206 2010 194 Burundi 201 2010 195 Guernsey 197 2010 196 Djibouti 195 2010 197 Burma 172 2010 198 Niger 172 2010 199 Suriname 171 2010 200 Ethiopia 151 2010 201 Saint Lucia 106 2010 202 Norfolk Island 93 2010 203 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 91 2010 204 Cameroon 90 2010 205 Gabon 90 2010 206 Guinea-Bissau 82 2010 207 Sudan 70 2010 208 Holy See (Vatican City) 68 2010 209 Grenada 52 2010 210 Saint Kitts and Nevis 51 2010 211 Afghanistan 46 2010 212 French Southern and Antarctic Lands44 2010 213 Congo, Republic of the 42 2010 214 Kiribati 31 2010 215 Cape Verde 26 2010 216 Mauritania 23 2010 217 Central African Republic 20 2010 218 Pitcairn Islands 20 2010 219 Comoros 14 2010 220 Guinea 14 2010 221 Equatorial Guinea 9 2010 222 Iraq 9 2010 223 Northern Mariana Islands 9 2010 224 Liberia 8 2010 225 Bouvet Island 6 2010 226 Chad 5 2010 227 Korea, North 3 2010 228 Somalia 3 2010 229 Palau 3 2010 230 Marshall Islands 3 2010 231 Mayotte 1 2010 232 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 2010

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Rank code: 2185

Country Comparison :: Investment (gross fixed)

This entry records total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital.

Rank country (% of GDP) Date of Information

1 China 47.80 2010 est. 2 Congo, Republic of the 41.50 2010 est. 3 Sao Tome and Principe 41.00 2010 est. 4 Ghana 39.80 2010 est. 5 Cape Verde 36.90 2010 est. 6 Seychelles 36.20 2010 est. 7 Belarus 36.00 2010 est. 8 Vietnam 35.10 2010 est. 9 Madagascar 34.60 2010 est. 10 Guyana 34.10 2010 est. 11 Armenia 33.30 2010 est. 12 Qatar 33.00 2010 est. 13 India 32.00 2010 est. 14 Indonesia 30.80 2010 est. 15 Lebanon 30.80 2010 est. 16 Montenegro 30.50 2006 est. 17 Morocco 30.20 2010 est. 18 Jordan 30.10 2010 est. 19 Albania 29.80 2010 est. 20 Equatorial Guinea 29.10 2010 est. 21 Haiti 28.90 2008 est. 22 Gabon 28.80 2010 est. 23 Korea, South 28.70 2010 est. 24 Botswana 28.20 2010 est. 25 Gambia, The 28.00 2010 est. 26 Kazakhstan 27.90 2010 est. 27 Malawi 27.70 2010 est. 28 Iran 27.60 2010 est. 29 Algeria 27.50 2010 est. 30 Australia 27.40 2010 est. 31 Singapore 27.20 2010 est. 32 Panama 26.80 2010 est. 33 United Arab Emirates 26.80 2010 est. 34 Bahrain 26.60 2010 est. 35 Kyrgyzstan 26.40 2010 est. 36 Oman 26.30 2010 est. 37 Belize 26.20 2010 est. 38 Tunisia 26.10 2010 est. 39 Senegal 25.90 2010 est. 40 Serbia 25.90 2010 est. 41 Ethiopia 25.20 2010 est. 42 Burundi 25.10 2010 est. 43 Jamaica 25.10 2010 est. 44 Peru 25.10 2010 est. 45 Thailand 24.90 2010 est. 46 Saudi Arabia 24.50 2010 est. 47 Namibia 24.00 2010 est. 48 Bangladesh 23.80 2010 est. 49 Mauritius 23.80 2010 est. 50 Ecuador 23.70 2010 est. 51 Sri Lanka 23.60 2010 est. 52 Chile 23.50 2010 est. 53 World 23.40 2010 est. 54 Honduras 23.30 2010 est. 55 World 23.10 2010 est. 56 Spain 22.90 2010 est. 57 Bulgaria 22.80 2010 est. 58 Colombia 22.80 2010 est. 59 Nicaragua 22.80 2010 est. 60 Czech Republic 22.50 2010 est. 61 Estonia 22.50 2010 est. 62 Croatia 22.40 2010 est. 63 Macedonia 22.30 2010 est. 64 Hong Kong 22.20 2010 est. 65 Slovakia 22.20 2010 est. 66 Canada 22.10 2010 est. 67 Argentina 22.00 2010 est. 68 Lesotho 21.90 2010 est. 69 Moldova 21.70 2010 est. 70 Taiwan 21.50 2010 est. 71 Kenya 21.30 2010 est. 72 Cameroon 21.10 2010 est. 73 Mexico 21.10 2010 est. 74 Romania 21.10 2010 est. 75 Austria 21.00 2010 est. 76 Zimbabwe 21.00 2010 est. 77 Cambodia 20.90 2010 est. 78 Tajikistan 20.90 2010 est. 79 Uganda 20.90 2010 est. 80 Belgium 20.80 2010 est. 81 Costa Rica 20.80 2010 est. 82 Zambia 20.50 2010 est. 83 Japan 20.30 2010 est. 84 Sudan 20.20 2010 est. 85 Malaysia 20.10 2010 est. 86 Rwanda 20.00 2010 est. 87 France 19.90 2010 est. 88 South Africa 19.90 2010 est. 89 Switzerland 19.90 2010 est. 90 Burkina Faso 19.70 2010 est. 91 Cyprus 19.70 2010 est. 92 New Zealand 19.60 2010 est. 93 Poland 19.50 2010 est. 94 Hungary 19.40 2010 est. 95 Uruguay 19.40 2010 est. 96 Yemen 19.40 2010 est. 97 Italy 19.10 2010 est. 98 Portugal 19.00 2010 est. 99 Russia 18.90 2010 est. 100 Finland 18.70 2010 est. 101 Slovenia 18.70 2010 est. 102 Norway 18.60 2010 est. 103 European Union 18.60 2010 est. 104 Benin 18.50 2010 est. 105 Brazil 18.50 2010 est. 106 Egypt 18.40 2010 est. 107 Togo 18.20 2010 est. 108 Sweden 18.10 2010 est. 109 Germany 18.00 2010 est. 110 Turkey 18.00 2010 est. 111 Netherlands 18.00 2010 est. 112 Paraguay 17.80 2010 est. 113 Bolivia 17.50 2010 est. 114 Denmark 17.50 2010 est. 115 Tanzania 17.40 2010 est. 116 Azerbaijan 17.30 2010 est. 117 Papua New Guinea 17.30 2010 est. 118 Mozambique 17.20 2010 est. 119 Luxembourg 16.80 2010 est. 120 Israel 16.70 2010 est. 121 Syria 16.60 2010 est. 122 Venezuela 16.40 2010 est. 123 Ukraine 16.10 2010 est. 124 Angola 15.90 2010 est. 125 Latvia 15.70 2010 est. 126 Dominican Republic 15.40 2010 est. 127 Kosovo 15.20 2010 est. 128 Lithuania 15.20 2010 est. 129 Burma 15.10 2010 est. 130 Pakistan 15.00 2010 est. 131 Chad 14.80 2010 est. 132 Greece 14.80 2010 est. 133 Philippines 14.70 2010 est. 134 Guinea 14.60 2010 est. 135 Georgia 14.50 2010 est. 136 United Kingdom 14.40 2010 est. 137 Malta 14.10 2010 est. 138 Guatemala 13.90 2010 est. 139 Kuwait 13.80 2010 est. 140 El Salvador 13.70 2010 est. 141 Libya 13.20 2010 est. 142 United States 12.80 2010 est. 143 Ireland 12.60 2010 est. 144 Swaziland 12.60 2010 est. 145 Iceland 12.40 2010 est. 146 Turkmenistan 12.40 2010 est. 147 Nigeria 11.60 2010 est. 148 Trinidad and Tobago 11.60 2010 est. 149 Cuba 10.50 2010 est. 150 Eritrea 10.30 2010 est. 151 Cote d'Ivoire 9.70 2010 est.

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Rank code: 2186

Country Comparison :: Public debt

This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.

Rank country (% of GDP) Date of Information

1 Zimbabwe 241.60 2010 est. 2 Japan 196.40 2010 est. 3 Saint Kitts and Nevis 185.00 2009 est. 4 Lebanon 150.70 2010 est. 5 Greece 144.00 2010 est. 6 Iceland 123.80 2010 est. 7 Jamaica 123.20 2010 est. 8 Italy 118.10 2010 est. 9 Belgium 102.50 2010 est. 10 Singapore 102.40 2010 est. 11 Ireland 98.50 2010 est. 12 Sudan 94.20 2010 est. 13 Sri Lanka 86.70 2010 est. 14 France 83.50 2010 est. 15 Portugal 83.20 2010 est. 16 Canada 82.90 2010 est. 17 Egypt 80.50 2010 est. 18 Dominica 78.00 2009 est. 19 Nicaragua 78.00 2010 est. 20 Israel 77.30 2010 est. 21 United Kingdom 76.50 2010 est. 22 Germany 74.80 2010 est. 23 Malta 72.60 2010 est. 24 Hungary 72.10 2010 est. 25 Austria 68.60 2010 est. 26 Netherlands 64.60 2010 est. 27 Spain 63.40 2010 est. 28 Cote d'Ivoire 63.30 2010 est. 29 Jordan 61.40 2010 est. 30 Cyprus 61.10 2010 est. 31 Brazil 60.80 2010 est. 32 Mauritius 60.50 2010 est. 33 Ghana 59.90 2010 est. 34 Albania 59.30 2010 est. 35 Bahrain 59.20 2010 est. 36 United States 58.90 2010 est. 37 Seychelles 58.80 2010 est. 38 World 58.30 2010 est. 39 Morocco 58.20 2010 est. 40 Bhutan 57.80 2009 41 Guyana 57.00 2010 est. 42 India 55.90 2010 est. 43 Philippines 55.20 2010 est. 44 Croatia 55.00 2010 est. 45 El Salvador 55.00 2010 est. 46 Vietnam 53.50 2010 est. 47 Uruguay 52.70 2010 est. 48 Malaysia 52.60 2010 est. 49 Kenya 50.90 2010 est. 50 Poland 50.50 2010 est. 51 Argentina 50.30 2010 est. 52 Pakistan 49.90 2010 est. 53 Tunisia 49.50 2010 est. 54 Turkey 48.10 2010 est. 55 Norway 47.70 2010 est. 56 Denmark 46.60 2010 est. 57 Aruba 46.30 2005 58 Latvia 46.20 2010 est. 59 Finland 45.40 2010 est. 60 Colombia 44.80 2010 est. 61 United Arab Emirates 44.60 2010 est. 62 Costa Rica 44.10 2010 est. 63 Thailand 42.30 2010 est. 64 Dominican Republic 41.70 2010 est. 65 Mexico 41.50 2010 est. 66 Slovakia 41.00 2010 est. 67 Mozambique 40.80 2010 est. 68 Sweden 40.80 2010 est. 69 Panama 40.80 2010 est. 70 Malawi 40.40 2010 est. 71 Bolivia 40.30 2010 est. 72 Czech Republic 40.00 2010 est. 73 Switzerland 39.60 2010 est. 74 Bangladesh 39.30 2010 est. 75 Ethiopia 39.30 2010 est. 76 Yemen 39.10 2010 est. 77 Bosnia and Herzegovina 39.00 2010 est. 78 Ukraine 38.40 2010 est. 79 Montenegro 38.00 2006 80 Serbia 37.80 2010 est. 81 Lithuania 36.70 2010 est. 82 Slovenia 35.50 2010 est. 83 Romania 34.80 2010 est. 84 Cuba 34.40 2010 est. 85 South Africa 33.20 2010 est. 86 Senegal 32.10 2010 est. 87 Taiwan 31.40 2010 est. 88 Syria 29.80 2010 est. 89 Guatemala 29.60 2010 est. 90 Papua New Guinea 27.80 2010 est. 91 Indonesia 26.40 2010 est. 92 Trinidad and Tobago 26.40 2010 est. 93 Honduras 26.10 2010 est. 94 Gabon 25.80 2010 est. 95 Algeria 25.70 2010 est. 96 Macedonia 25.70 2010 est. 97 New Zealand 25.50 2010 est. 98 Venezuela 25.50 2010 est. 99 Moldova 25.00 2010 est. 100 Zambia 24.10 2010 est. 101 Korea, South 23.70 2010 est. 102 Peru 23.60 2010 est. 103 Tanzania 23.30 2010 est. 104 Ecuador 23.10 2010 est. 105 Paraguay 22.80 2010 est. 106 Botswana 22.60 2010 est. 107 Australia 22.40 2010 est. 108 Uganda 20.40 2010 est. 109 Angola 20.30 2010 est. 110 Namibia 20.00 2010 est. 111 Hong Kong 18.20 2010 est. 112 China 17.50 2010 est. 113 Cameroon 16.80 2010 est. 114 Saudi Arabia 16.70 2010 est. 115 Bulgaria 16.20 2010 est. 116 Luxembourg 16.20 2010 est. 117 Iran 16.20 2010 est. 118 Kazakhstan 15.90 2010 est. 119 Gibraltar 15.50 2006 120 Nigeria 13.40 2010 est. 121 Kuwait 12.60 2010 est. 122 Qatar 10.30 2010 est. 123 Russia 9.50 2010 est. 124 Uzbekistan 9.00 2010 est. 125 Estonia 7.70 2010 est. 126 Chile 6.20 2010 est. 127 Wallis and Futuna 5.60 2004 est. 128 Azerbaijan 4.60 2010 est. 129 Oman 4.40 2010 est. 130 Equatorial Guinea 4.10 2010 est. 131 Libya 3.30 2010 est.

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Rank code: 2187

Country Comparison :: Current account balance

This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.

Rank country Current account balance Date of Information

1 China $ 272,500,000,000 2010 est. 2 Japan $ 182,300,000,000 2010 est. 3 Germany $ 162,300,000,000 2010 est. 4 Russia $ 68,850,000,000 2010 est. 5 Norway $ 60,230,000,000 2010 est. 6 Saudi Arabia $ 52,030,000,000 2010 est. 7 Switzerland $ 49,350,000,000 2010 est. 8 Netherlands $ 46,690,000,000 2010 est. 9 Singapore $ 40,440,000,000 2010 est. 10 Taiwan $ 39,000,000,000 2010 est. 11 Kuwait $ 38,200,000,000 2010 est. 12 Korea, South $ 36,350,000,000 2010 est. 13 Malaysia $ 34,830,000,000 2010 est. 14 Nigeria $ 27,770,000,000 2010 est. 15 Venezuela $ 22,070,000,000 2010 est. 16 Sweden $ 21,680,000,000 2010 est. 17 Qatar $ 20,110,000,000 2010 est. 18 Hong Kong $ 18,070,000,000 2010 est. 19 Azerbaijan $ 15,960,000,000 2010 est. 20 Libya $ 15,530,000,000 2010 est. 21 Denmark $ 14,350,000,000 2010 est. 22 Thailand $ 12,290,000,000 2010 est. 23 Iran $ 9,760,000,000 2010 est. 24 Philippines $ 8,575,000,000 2010 est. 25 Indonesia $ 8,532,000,000 2010 est. 26 Austria $ 8,012,000,000 2010 est. 27 Brunei $ 7,024,000,000 2008 est. 28 Kazakhstan $ 6,993,000,000 2010 est. 29 Argentina $ 6,976,000,000 2010 est. 30 Israel $ 6,269,000,000 2010 est. 31 Uzbekistan $ 5,588,000,000 2010 est. 32 Finland $ 4,696,000,000 2010 est. 33 Algeria $ 3,959,000,000 2010 est. 34 Bangladesh $ 3,734,000,000 2010 35 United Arab Emirates $ 3,409,000,000 2010 est. 36 Luxembourg $ 3,396,000,000 2010 est. 37 Trinidad and Tobago $ 3,363,000,000 2010 est. 38 Turkmenistan $ 3,081,000,000 2010 est. 39 Oman $ 2,724,000,000 2010 est. 40 Iraq $ 2,715,000,000 2010 est. 41 Angola $ 2,089,000,000 2010 est. 42 Latvia $ 1,620,000,000 2010 est. 43 Lithuania $ 1,231,000,000 2010 est. 44 Timor-Leste $ 1,161,000,000 2007 est. 45 Chile $ 1,033,000,000 2010 est. 46 Bolivia $ 878,000,000 2010 est. 47 Burma $ 652,000,000 2010 est. 48 Syria $ 649,000,000 2010 est. 49 Ukraine $ 603,000,000 2010 est. 50 Gabon $ 591,000,000 2010 est. 51 Bahrain $ 589,000,000 2010 est. 52 Cote d'Ivoire $ 534,000,000 2010 est. 53 Egypt $ 270,000,000 2010 est. 54 Estonia $ 265,000,000 2010 est. 55 Bhutan $ 164,000,000 2008 est. 56 British Virgin Islands $ 134,300,000 1999 57 Cook Islands $ 26,670,000 2005 58 Suriname $ 24,000,000 2007 est. 59 Palau $ 15,090,000 FY03/04 60 Comoros $ 8,000,000 2007 est. 61 Guinea-Bissau $ -6,000,000 2007 est. 62 Tuvalu $ -11,680,000 2003 63 Kiribati $ -21,000,000 2007 est. 64 Laos $ -23,000,000 2010 est. 65 Tonga $ -23,000,000 2007 est. 66 Samoa $ -24,000,000 2007 est. 67 Micronesia, Federated States of $ -34,300,000 FY05 est. 68 Iceland $ -42,000,000 2010 est. 69 Anguilla $ -42,870,000 2003 est. 70 Vanuatu $ -60,000,000 2007 est. 71 Sierra Leone $ -63,000,000 2007 est. 72 Dominica $ -72,000,000 2007 est. 73 Sao Tome and Principe $ -73,000,000 2010 est. 74 Central African Republic $ -77,000,000 2007 est. 75 Cuba $ -87,000,000 2010 est. 76 Gambia, The $ -90,000,000 2010 est. 77 Papua New Guinea $ -99,000,000 2010 est. 78 Zambia $ -99,000,000 2010 est. 79 Lesotho $ -125,000,000 2010 est. 80 Burundi $ -136,000,000 2010 est. 81 Grenada $ -138,000,000 2007 est. 82 Solomon Islands $ -143,000,000 2007 est. 83 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ -149,000,000 2007 est. 84 Belize $ -151,000,000 2010 est. 85 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ -163,000,000 2007 est. 86 Mauritania $ -184,000,000 2007 est. 87 Namibia $ -187,000,000 2010 est. 88 Saint Lucia $ -199,000,000 2007 est. 89 Kyrgyzstan $ -210,000,000 2010 est. 90 Antigua and Barbuda $ -211,000,000 2007 est. 91 Eritrea $ -212,000,000 2010 est. 92 Liberia $ -224,000,000 2007 93 Mongolia $ -228,700,000 2009 est. 94 Barbados $ -254,000,000 2007 est. 95 Bahamas, The $ -283,200,000 2009 est. 96 Cape Verde $ -286,000,000 2010 est. 97 Guyana $ -311,000,000 2010 est. 98 Malawi $ -315,000,000 2010 est. 99 Niger $ -321,000,000 2007 est. 100 Macedonia $ -328,000,000 2010 est. 101 Tajikistan $ -330,000,000 2010 est. 102 Peru $ -333,000,000 2010 est. 103 Togo $ -339,000,000 2010 est. 104 Seychelles $ -351,000,000 2010 est. 105 Djibouti $ -352,000,000 2009 est. 106 Maldives $ -370,000,000 2009 est. 107 Swaziland $ -374,000,000 2010 est. 108 Uruguay $ -377,000,000 2010 est. 109 Paraguay $ -391,000,000 2010 est. 110 Malta $ -403,000,000 2010 est. 111 Zimbabwe $ -414,200,000 2010 est. 112 Guinea $ -434,000,000 2010 est. 113 Mali $ -446,000,000 2007 est. 114 Nepal $ -449,000,000 2010 115 Burkina Faso $ -486,000,000 2010 est. 116 Rwanda $ -489,000,000 2010 est. 117 Fiji $ -507,000,000 2007 est. 118 Botswana $ -552,000,000 2010 est. 119 Moldova $ -565,000,000 2010 est. 120 Congo, Republic of the $ -569,000,000 2010 est. 121 Benin $ -582,000,000 2010 est. 122 Slovenia $ -598,000,000 2010 est. 123 Madagascar $ -600,000,000 2010 est. 124 Hungary $ -631,000,000 2010 est. 125 Ecuador $ -692,000,000 2010 est. 126 Haiti $ -781,000,000 2010 est. 127 Uganda $ -784,000,000 2010 est. 128 Panama $ -813,000,000 2010 est. 129 Nicaragua $ -819,000,000 2010 est. 130 Cameroon $ -826,000,000 2010 est. 131 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ -887,000,000 2010 est. 132 El Salvador $ -907,000,000 2010 est. 133 Cambodia $ -918,000,000 2010 est. 134 Mauritius $ -949,000,000 2010 est. 135 Jordan $ -975,000,000 2010 est. 136 Mozambique $ -1,028,000,000 2010 est. 137 Senegal $ -1,046,000,000 2010 est. 138 Serbia $ -1,046,000,000 2010 est. 139 Honduras $ -1,048,000,000 2010 est. 140 Montenegro $ -1,102,000,000 2007 est. 141 Belgium $ -1,129,000,000 2010 est. 142 Armenia $ -1,138,000,000 2010 est. 143 Albania $ -1,245,000,000 2010 est. 144 Guatemala $ -1,345,000,000 2010 est. 145 Jamaica $ -1,382,000,000 2010 est. 146 Tunisia $ -1,389,000,000 2010 est. 147 Georgia $ -1,404,000,000 2010 est. 148 Kenya $ -1,414,000,000 2010 est. 149 Costa Rica $ -1,469,000,000 2010 est. 150 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ -1,470,000,000 2007 est. 151 Equatorial Guinea $ -1,477,000,000 2010 est. 152 Tanzania $ -1,523,000,000 2010 est. 153 Bulgaria $ -1,528,000,000 2010 est. 154 Sri Lanka $ -1,784,000,000 2010 est. 155 Ghana $ -1,871,000,000 2010 est. 156 Slovakia $ -1,930,000,000 2010 est. 157 Yemen $ -2,181,000,000 2010 est. 158 Ethiopia $ -2,232,000,000 2010 est. 159 Croatia $ -2,312,000,000 2010 est. 160 Afghanistan $ -2,475,000,000 2009 est. 161 Cyprus $ -2,500,000,000 2010 est. 162 Sudan $ -2,595,000,000 2010 est. 163 Chad $ -2,600,000,000 2010 est. 164 Pakistan $ -2,641,000,000 2010 est. 165 Kosovo $ -2,716,000,000 2010 est. 166 Ireland $ -3,191,000,000 2010 est. 167 Dominican Republic $ -3,862,000,000 2010 est. 168 New Zealand $ -4,504,000,000 2010 est. 169 Belarus $ -5,062,000,000 2010 est. 170 Colombia $ -5,946,000,000 2010 est. 171 Czech Republic $ -5,956,000,000 2010 est. 172 Lebanon $ -6,972,000,000 2010 est. 173 Mexico $ -7,000,000,000 2010 est. 174 Morocco $ -7,922,000,000 2010 est. 175 Romania $ -7,934,000,000 2010 est. 176 Vietnam $ -9,622,000,000 2010 est. 177 Poland $ -12,330,000,000 2010 est. 178 South Africa $ -16,510,000,000 2010 est. 179 Greece $ -17,100,000,000 2010 est. 180 Portugal $ -19,030,000,000 2010 est. 181 India $ -26,910,000,000 2010 est. 182 Australia $ -35,230,000,000 2010 est. 183 Turkey $ -38,820,000,000 2010 est. 184 Canada $ -40,210,000,000 2010 est. 185 United Kingdom $ -40,340,000,000 2010 est. 186 Brazil $ -52,730,000,000 2010 est. 187 France $ -53,290,000,000 2010 est. 188 Italy $ -61,980,000,000 2010 est. 189 Spain $ -66,740,000,000 2010 est. 190 United States $ -561,000,000,000 2010 est.

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Rank code: 2188

Country Comparison :: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund.

Rank country Reserves of foreign exchange and goldDate of Information

1 China $ 2,622,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 2 Russia $ 483,100,000,000 30 November 2010 3 Saudi Arabia $ 456,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 4 Taiwan $ 382,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 5 Brazil $ 290,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 6 India $ 284,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 7 Korea, South $ 274,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 8 Hong Kong $ 262,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 9 Singapore $ 212,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 10 Thailand $ 176,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 11 Algeria $ 150,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 12 Mexico $ 116,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 13 Libya $ 107,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 14 Malaysia $ 104,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 15 Poland $ 99,760,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 16 Indonesia $ 83,580,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 17 Turkey $ 78,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 18 Iran $ 75,060,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 19 Israel $ 66,980,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 20 Argentina $ 53,610,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 21 Romania $ 50,510,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 22 Philippines $ 49,740,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 23 Hungary $ 45,730,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 24 Iraq $ 45,680,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 25 South Africa $ 45,520,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 26 Nigeria $ 43,360,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 27 Lebanon $ 41,570,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 28 United Arab Emirates $ 39,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 29 Czech Republic $ 38,670,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 30 Australia $ 38,620,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 31 Peru $ 37,270,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 32 Egypt $ 35,720,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 33 Ukraine $ 32,910,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 34 Kazakhstan $ 32,440,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 35 Venezuela $ 29,490,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 36 Colombia $ 26,920,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 37 Chile $ 26,080,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 38 Morocco $ 24,570,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 39 Kuwait $ 22,420,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 40 Qatar $ 22,410,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 41 Syria $ 17,960,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 42 New Zealand $ 17,850,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 43 Angola $ 16,890,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 44 Serbia $ 16,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 45 Vietnam $ 16,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 46 Pakistan $ 16,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 47 Bulgaria $ 15,070,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 48 Oman $ 14,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 49 Croatia $ 13,790,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 50 Jordan $ 12,640,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 51 Tunisia $ 11,230,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 52 Turkmenistan $ 10,810,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 53 Bangladesh $ 10,790,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 54 Uzbekistan $ 10,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 55 Trinidad and Tobago $ 9,659,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 56 Finland $ 9,128,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 57 Bolivia $ 8,739,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 58 Botswana $ 7,834,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 59 Uruguay $ 7,407,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 60 Latvia $ 7,170,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 61 Lithuania $ 6,418,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 62 Azerbaijan $ 6,330,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 63 Belarus $ 5,755,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 64 Yemen $ 5,744,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 65 Guatemala $ 5,709,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 66 Sri Lanka $ 5,630,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 67 Cuba $ 4,847,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 68 Kenya $ 4,585,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 69 Costa Rica $ 4,584,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 70 Iceland $ 4,206,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 71 Congo, Republic of the $ 4,123,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 72 Equatorial Guinea $ 4,086,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 73 Paraguay $ 4,082,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 74 Cameroon $ 4,023,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 75 Cote d'Ivoire $ 3,985,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 76 Cambodia $ 3,840,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 77 Ghana $ 3,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 78 Bahrain $ 3,766,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 79 Burma $ 3,762,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 80 Uganda $ 3,743,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 81 Tanzania $ 3,687,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 82 Estonia $ 3,641,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 83 Ecuador $ 3,590,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 84 Panama $ 3,525,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 85 Papua New Guinea $ 3,017,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 86 El Salvador $ 2,819,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 2,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 88 Dominican Republic $ 2,705,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 89 Gabon $ 2,602,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 90 Mauritius $ 2,360,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 91 Georgia $ 2,350,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 92 Honduras $ 2,302,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 93 Zambia $ 2,287,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 94 Armenia $ 2,247,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 95 Senegal $ 2,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 96 Macedonia $ 2,127,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 97 Sudan $ 2,063,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 98 Albania $ 1,992,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 99 Mozambique $ 1,982,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 100 Namibia $ 1,961,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 101 Ethiopia $ 1,880,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 102 Jamaica $ 1,850,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 103 Kyrgyzstan $ 1,615,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 104 Moldova $ 1,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 105 Burkina Faso $ 1,588,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 106 Nicaragua $ 1,580,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 107 Benin $ 1,254,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 108 Madagascar $ 1,038,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 109 Haiti $ 1,021,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 110 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 1,010,000,000 March 2010 est. 111 Lesotho $ 893,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 112 Chad $ 868,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 113 Rwanda $ 816,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 114 Laos $ 756,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 115 Swaziland $ 708,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 116 Togo $ 686,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 117 Barbados $ 620,000,000 2007 118 Malta $ 522,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 119 Guyana $ 506,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 120 Zimbabwe $ 376,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 121 Burundi $ 320,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 122 Tajikistan $ 303,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 123 Malawi $ 301,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 124 Cape Verde $ 296,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 125 Suriname $ 263,300,000 2006 126 Belize $ 219,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 127 Gambia, The $ 203,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 128 Seychelles $ 193,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 129 Eritrea $ 104,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 130 Samoa $ 70,150,000 FY03/04 131 Sao Tome and Principe $ 46,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 132 Tonga $ 40,830,000 FY04/05 133 Vanuatu $ 40,540,000 2003

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Rank code: 2189

Country Comparison :: Union name

Rank country Union name Date of Information

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Rank code: 2190

Country Comparison :: Political structure

Rank country Political structure Date of Information

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Rank code: 2191

Country Comparison :: Member states

Rank country Member states Date of Information

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Rank code: 2192

Country Comparison :: Preliminary statement

Rank country Preliminary statement Date of Information

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Rank code: 2193

Country Comparison :: Major infectious diseases

This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. The diseases listed do not necessarily represent the total disease burden experienced by the local population. The risk to an individual traveler varies considerably by the specific location, visit duration, type of activities, type of accommodations, time of year, and other factors. Consultation with a travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk and recommend appropriate preventive measures such as vaccines. Diseases are organized into the following six exposure categories shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of risk. Note: The sequence of exposure categories listed in individual country entries may vary according to local conditions. food or waterborne diseases acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy: Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; spread through consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea; 15% of victims will experience prolonged symptoms over 6-9 months; vaccine available. Hepatitis E - water-borne viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; most commonly spread through fecal contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark colored urine. Typhoid fever - bacterial disease spread through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated, mortality rates can reach 20%. vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected arthropod: Malaria - caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium; transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito; parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats accompanied by anemia; death due to damage to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to the brain; endemic in 100, mostly tropical, countries with 90% of cases and the majority of 1.5-2.5 million estimated annual deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Dengue fever - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of fever and severe headache; occasionally produces shock and hemorrhage leading to death in 5% of cases. Yellow fever - mosquito-borne viral disease; severity ranges from influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever; occurs only in tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases are reported; fatality rate is less than 20%. Japanese Encephalitis - mosquito-borne (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) viral disease associated with rural areas in Asia; acute encephalitis can progress to paralysis, coma, and death; fatality rates 30%. African Trypanosomiasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma; transmitted to humans via the bite of bloodsucking Tsetse flies; infection leads to malaise and irregular fevers and, in advanced cases when the parasites invade the central nervous system, coma and death; endemic in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa; cattle and wild animals act as reservoir hosts for the parasites. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa leishmania; transmitted to humans via the bite of sandflies; results in skin lesions that may become chronic; endemic in 88 countries; 90% of cases occur in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Peru; wild and domesticated animals as well as humans can act as reservoirs of infection. Plague - bacterial disease transmitted by fleas normally associated with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible; recent plague epidemics occurred in areas of Asia, Africa, and South America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages; manifests as fever, headache, and painfully swollen lymph nodes; disease progresses rapidly and without antibiotic treatment leads to pneumonic form with a death rate in excess of 50%. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - tick-borne viral disease; infection may also result from exposure to infected animal blood or tissue; geographic distribution includes Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe; sudden onset of fever, headache, and muscle aches followed by hemorrhaging in the bowels, urine, nose, and gums; mortality rate is approximately 30%. Rift Valley fever - viral disease affecting domesticated animals and humans; transmission is by mosquito and other biting insects; infection may also occur through handling of infected meat or contact with blood; geographic distribution includes eastern and southern Africa where cattle and sheep are raised; symptoms are generally mild with fever and some liver abnormalities, but the disease may progress to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease; fatality rates are low at about 1% of cases. Chikungunya - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments, similar to Dengue Fever; characterized by sudden onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain usually lasting 3-7 days, some cases result in persistent arthritis. water contact diseases acquired through swimming or wading in freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers: Leptospirosis - bacterial disease that affects animals and humans; infection occurs through contact with water, food, or soil contaminated by animal urine; symptoms include high fever, severe headache, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; untreated, the disease can result in kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, or respiratory distress; fatality rates are low but left untreated recovery can take months. Schistosomiasis - caused by parasitic trematode flatworm Schistosoma; fresh water snails act as intermediate host and release larval form of parasite that penetrates the skin of people exposed to contaminated water; worms mature and reproduce in the blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and intestines releasing eggs, which become trapped in tissues triggering an immune response; may manifest as either urinary or intestinal disease resulting in decreased work or learning capacity; mortality, while generally low, may occur in advanced cases usually due to bladder cancer; endemic in 74 developing countries with 80% of infected people living in sub-Saharan Africa; humans act as the reservoir for this parasite. aerosolized dust or soil contact disease acquired through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent urine: Lassa fever - viral disease carried by rats of the genus Mastomys; endemic in portions of West Africa; infection occurs through direct contact with or consumption of food contaminated by rodent urine or fecal matter containing virus particles; fatality rate can reach 50% in epidemic outbreaks. respiratory disease acquired through close contact with an infectious person: Meningococcal meningitis - bacterial disease causing an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; one of the most important bacterial pathogens is Neisseria meningitidis because of its potential to cause epidemics; symptoms include stiff neck, high fever, headaches, and vomiting; bacteria are transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets and facilitated by close and prolonged contact resulting from crowded living conditions, often with a seasonal distribution; death occurs in 5-15% of cases, typically within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms; highest burden of meningococcal disease occurs in the hyperendemic region of sub-Saharan Africa known as the "Meningitis Belt" which stretches from Senegal east to Ethiopia. animal contact disease acquired through direct contact with local animals: Rabies - viral disease of mammals usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs; virus affects the central nervous system causing brain alteration and death; symptoms initially are non-specific fever and headache progressing to neurological symptoms; death occurs within days of the onset of symptoms.

Rank country Major infectious diseases Date of Information

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Rank code: 2194

Country Comparison :: Refugees and internally displaced persons

This entry includes those persons residing in a country as refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs). The definition of a refugee according to a United Nations Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution." The UN established the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950 to handle refugee matters worldwide. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has a different operational definition for a Palestinian refugee: "a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948 and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict." However, UNHCR also assists some 400,000 Palestinian refugees not covered under the UNRWA definition. The term "internally displaced person" is not specifically covered in the UN Convention; it is used to describe people who have fled their homes for reasons similar to refugees, but who remain within their own national territory and are subject to the laws of that state.

Rank country Refugees and internally displaced personsDate of

Information 1 Iraq 2,400,000.00 2007 2 Jordan 1,835,704.00 2007 3 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,400,000.00 2007 4 Uganda 1,270,000.00 2007 5 Somalia 1,100,000.00 2007 6 Pakistan 1,043,984.00 2007 7 Gaza Strip 1,017,000.00 2007 8 Iran 914,268.00 2007 9 West Bank 722,000.00 2007 10 Cote d'Ivoire 709,000.00 2007 11 Zimbabwe 569,685.00 2007 12 Syria 522,100.00 2007 13 Burma 503,000.00 2007 14 Jordan 500,000.00 2007 15 Sri Lanka 460,000.00 2007 16 Lebanon 405,425.00 2007 17 Tanzania 352,640.00 2007 18 Syria 305,000.00 2007 19 China 300,897.00 2007 20 Philippines 300,000.00 2007 21 Saudi Arabia 240,015.00 2007 22 Chad 234,000.00 2007 23 Uganda 215,700.00 2007 24 Cyprus 210,000.00 2007 25 Serbia 206,000.00 2007 26 Ethiopia 200,000.00 2007 27 Lebanon 200,000.00 2007 28 Central African Republic 197,000.00 2007 29 Chad 178,918.00 2007 30 Kenya 173,702.00 2007 31 Jordan 160,000.00 2007 32 Sudan 157,220.00 2007 33 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 132,295.00 2007 34 Thailand 132,241.00 2007 35 Bosnia and Herzegovina 131,600.00 2007 36 Tanzania 127,973.00 2007 37 Armenia 113,295.00 2007 38 Nepal 107,803.00 2007 39 Burundi 100,000.00 2007 40 Timor-Leste 100,000.00 2007 41 Yemen 91,587.00 2007 42 Algeria 90,000.00 2007 43 China 90,000.00 2007 44 India 77,200.00 2007 45 Kenya 73,004.00 2007 46 Serbia 71,111.00 2007 47 Egypt 70,198.00 2007 48 India 69,609.00 2007 49 Ethiopia 66,980.00 2007 50 Bangladesh 65,000.00 2007 51 Angola 61,700.00 2007 52 Zambia 60,874.00 2007 53 Chad 54,200.00 2007 54 Iran 54,024.00 2007 55 Congo, Republic of the 48,000.00 2007 56 Congo, Republic of the 46,341.00 2007 57 Rwanda 46,272.00 2007 58 Zambia 42,565.00 2007 59 Uzbekistan 39,202.00 2007 60 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 37,313.00 2007 61 Ghana 35,653.00 2007 62 Pakistan 34,000.00 2007 63 Eritrea 32,000.00 2007 64 Uganda 28,880.00 2007 65 Serbia 27,414.00 2007 66 Sierra Leone 27,311.00 2007 67 Bangladesh 26,268.00 2007 68 Cote d'Ivoire 25,615.00 2007 69 Sudan 25,023.00 2007 70 Uganda 24,900.00 2007 71 Cameroon 24,000.00 2007 72 Senegal 22,400.00 2007 73 Guinea 21,856.00 2007 74 Malaysia 21,544.00 2007 75 Kosovo 21,000.00 2007 76 Nepal 20,153.00 2007 77 Senegal 19,630.00 2007 78 Guinea 19,000.00 2007 79 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 17,777.00 2007 80 Lebanon 17,000.00 2007 81 Iraq 16,832.00 2007 82 Ethiopia 16,576.00 2007 83 Kenya 16,428.00 2007 84 Montenegro 16,192.00 2007 85 Malaysia 15,174.00 2007 86 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 13,904.00 2007 87 Ethiopia 13,078.00 2007 88 Liberia 13,000.00 2007 89 Angola 12,615.00 2007 90 Liberia 12,600.00 2007 91 Egypt 12,157.00 2007 92 Iraq 11,773.00 2007 93 Ecuador 11,526.00 2007 94 Turkmenistan 11,173.00 2007 95 Sudan 11,009.00 2007 96 South Africa 10,772.00 2007 97 United States 10,586.00 2006 98 Papua New Guinea 10,177.00 2007 99 Burundi 9,849.00 2007 100 India 9,472.00 2007 101 Benin 9,444.00 2007 102 Djibouti 8,642.00 2007 103 United States 8,549.00 2006 104 Ghana 8,517.00 2007 105 Armenia 8,400.00 2007 106 Libya 8,000.00 2007 107 Central African Republic 7,900.00 2007 108 Sudan 7,895.00 2007 109 South Africa 7,818.00 2007 110 Guinea-Bissau 7,454.00 2007 111 Bosnia and Herzegovina 7,269.00 2007 112 Gabon 7,178.00 2007 113 Montenegro 7,000.00 2007 114 United States 6,666.00 2006 115 Congo, Republic of the 6,564.00 2007 116 United States 6,479.00 2006 117 Mali 6,300.00 2007 118 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,181.00 2007 119 Gambia, The 5,955.00 2007 120 Nigeria 5,778.00 2007 121 South Africa 5,759.00 2007 122 Solomon Islands 5,400.00 2007 123 Guinea 5,259.00 2007 124 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5,243.00 2007 125 Sudan 5,023.00 2007 126 Togo 5,000.00 2007 127 Namibia 4,700.00 2007 128 Rwanda 4,400.00 2007 129 Zambia 4,100.00 2007 130 Guinea 3,900.00 2007 131 Central African Republic 3,700.00 2007 132 Kazakhstan 3,700.00 2007 133 Uzbekistan 3,400.00 2007 134 United States 3,100.00 2006 135 Cameroon 3,000.00 2007 136 Zimbabwe 2,500.00 2007 137 Azerbaijan 2,400.00 2007 138 United States 2,136.00 2006 139 Togo 1,500.00 2007 140 Georgia 1,100.00 2007 141 Uzbekistan 1,060.00 2007 142 Kazakhstan 508.00 2007

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Rank code: 2195

Country Comparison :: GDP (official exchange rate)

This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at official exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artificially fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed.

Rank country GDP (official exchange rate) Date of Information

1 European Union $ 15,900,000,000,000 2010 est. 2 United States $ 14,620,000,000,000 2010 est. 3 China $ 5,745,000,000,000 2010 est. 4 Japan $ 5,391,000,000,000 2010 est. 5 Germany $ 3,306,000,000,000 2010 est. 6 France $ 2,555,000,000,000 2010 est. 7 United Kingdom $ 2,259,000,000,000 2010 est. 8 Italy $ 2,037,000,000,000 2010 est. 9 Brazil $ 2,024,000,000,000 2010 est. 10 Canada $ 1,564,000,000,000 2010 est. 11 Russia $ 1,477,000,000,000 2010 est. 12 India $ 1,430,000,000,000 2010 est. 13 Spain $ 1,375,000,000,000 2010 est. 14 Australia $ 1,220,000,000,000 2010 est. 15 Mexico $ 1,004,000,000,000 2010 est. 16 Korea, South $ 986,300,000,000 2010 est. 17 Netherlands $ 770,300,000,000 2010 est. 18 Turkey $ 729,100,000,000 2010 est. 19 Indonesia $ 695,100,000,000 2010 est. 20 Switzerland $ 522,400,000,000 2010 est. 21 Belgium $ 461,300,000,000 2010 est. 22 Sweden $ 444,600,000,000 2010 est. 23 Poland $ 438,900,000,000 2010 est. 24 Saudi Arabia $ 434,400,000,000 2010 est. 25 Taiwan $ 427,000,000,000 2010 est. 26 Norway $ 413,500,000,000 2010 est. 27 Austria $ 366,300,000,000 2010 est. 28 South Africa $ 354,400,000,000 2010 est. 29 Argentina $ 351,000,000,000 2010 est. 30 Iran $ 337,900,000,000 2010 est. 31 Thailand $ 312,600,000,000 2010 est. 32 Denmark $ 304,600,000,000 2010 est. 33 Greece $ 302,000,000,000 2010 est. 34 Venezuela $ 285,200,000,000 2010 est. 35 Colombia $ 283,100,000,000 2010 est. 36 United Arab Emirates $ 239,700,000,000 2010 est. 37 Finland $ 232,000,000,000 2010 est. 38 Hong Kong $ 226,500,000,000 2010 est. 39 Portugal $ 223,700,000,000 2010 est. 40 Malaysia $ 219,000,000,000 2010 est. 41 Singapore $ 217,400,000,000 2010 est. 42 Egypt $ 216,800,000,000 2010 est. 43 Nigeria $ 206,700,000,000 2010 est. 44 Ireland $ 204,100,000,000 2010 est. 45 Israel $ 201,300,000,000 2010 est. 46 Chile $ 199,200,000,000 2010 est. 47 Czech Republic $ 195,200,000,000 2010 est. 48 Philippines $ 189,100,000,000 2010 est. 49 Pakistan $ 174,800,000,000 2010 est. 50 Algeria $ 159,000,000,000 2010 est. 51 Romania $ 158,400,000,000 2010 est. 52 Peru $ 153,500,000,000 2010 est. 53 New Zealand $ 138,000,000,000 2010 est. 54 Ukraine $ 136,600,000,000 2010 est. 55 Hungary $ 132,300,000,000 2010 est. 56 Kazakhstan $ 129,800,000,000 2010 est. 57 Qatar $ 126,500,000,000 2010 est. 58 Kuwait $ 117,300,000,000 2010 est. 59 Bangladesh $ 105,400,000,000 2010 est. 60 Vietnam $ 102,000,000,000 2010 est. 61 Puerto Rico $ 93,520,000,000 2010 est. 62 Morocco $ 91,700,000,000 2010 est. 63 Slovakia $ 86,260,000,000 2010 est. 64 Angola $ 85,810,000,000 2010 est. 65 Iraq $ 84,140,000,000 2010 est. 66 Libya $ 77,910,000,000 2010 est. 67 Sudan $ 65,930,000,000 2010 est. 68 Ecuador $ 61,490,000,000 2010 est. 69 Croatia $ 59,920,000,000 2010 est. 70 Syria $ 59,630,000,000 2010 est. 71 Cuba $ 57,490,000,000 2010 est. 72 Oman $ 53,780,000,000 2010 est. 73 Belarus $ 52,890,000,000 2010 est. 74 Luxembourg $ 52,430,000,000 2010 est. 75 Azerbaijan $ 52,170,000,000 2010 est. 76 Dominican Republic $ 50,870,000,000 2010 est. 77 Sri Lanka $ 48,240,000,000 2010 est. 78 Slovenia $ 46,440,000,000 2010 est. 79 Bulgaria $ 44,840,000,000 2010 est. 80 Tunisia $ 43,860,000,000 2010 est. 81 Guatemala $ 40,770,000,000 2010 est. 82 Uruguay $ 40,710,000,000 2010 est. 83 Lebanon $ 39,150,000,000 2010 est. 84 Serbia $ 38,920,000,000 2010 est. 85 Uzbekistan $ 37,720,000,000 2010 est. 86 Lithuania $ 35,730,000,000 2010 est. 87 Burma $ 35,650,000,000 2010 est. 88 Costa Rica $ 35,020,000,000 2010 est. 89 Kenya $ 32,420,000,000 2010 est. 90 Ethiopia $ 30,940,000,000 2010 est. 91 Yemen $ 30,020,000,000 2010 est. 92 Korea, North $ 28,000,000,000 2009 est. 93 Turkmenistan $ 27,960,000,000 2010 est. 94 Panama $ 27,200,000,000 2010 est. 95 Jordan $ 27,130,000,000 2010 est. 96 Latvia $ 23,390,000,000 2010 est. 97 Cyprus $ 22,750,000,000 2010 est. 98 Tanzania $ 22,430,000,000 2010 est. 99 Cote d'Ivoire $ 22,380,000,000 2010 est. 100 Macau $ 22,100,000,000 2009 est. 101 Cameroon $ 21,880,000,000 2010 est. 102 El Salvador $ 21,800,000,000 2010 est. 103 Bahrain $ 21,730,000,000 2010 est. 104 Trinidad and Tobago $ 21,200,000,000 2010 est. 105 Estonia $ 19,220,000,000 2010 est. 106 Bolivia $ 19,180,000,000 2010 est. 107 Ghana $ 18,060,000,000 2010 est. 108 Paraguay $ 17,170,000,000 2010 est. 109 Uganda $ 17,120,000,000 2010 est. 110 Afghanistan $ 16,630,000,000 2010 est. 111 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 16,200,000,000 2010 est. 112 Zambia $ 15,690,000,000 2010 est. 113 Honduras $ 15,340,000,000 2010 est. 114 Nepal $ 15,110,000,000 2010 est. 115 Equatorial Guinea $ 14,550,000,000 2010 est. 116 Jamaica $ 13,740,000,000 2010 est. 117 Iceland $ 12,770,000,000 2010 est. 118 Senegal $ 12,660,000,000 2010 est. 119 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 12,600,000,000 2010 est. 120 Gabon $ 12,560,000,000 2010 est. 121 Botswana $ 12,500,000,000 2010 est. 122 Brunei $ 11,960,000,000 2010 est. 123 Congo, Republic of the $ 11,880,000,000 2010 est. 124 Albania $ 11,580,000,000 2010 est. 125 Namibia $ 11,450,000,000 2010 est. 126 Cambodia $ 11,360,000,000 2010 est. 127 Georgia $ 11,230,000,000 2010 est. 128 Mozambique $ 10,210,000,000 2010 est. 129 Macedonia $ 9,580,000,000 2010 est. 130 Mauritius $ 9,427,000,000 2010 est. 131 Mali $ 9,077,000,000 2010 est. 132 Armenia $ 8,830,000,000 2010 est. 133 Papua New Guinea $ 8,809,000,000 2010 est. 134 Burkina Faso $ 8,672,000,000 2010 est. 135 Madagascar $ 8,330,000,000 2010 est. 136 Malta $ 7,801,000,000 2010 est. 137 Chad $ 7,592,000,000 2010 est. 138 Bahamas, The $ 7,538,000,000 2010 est. 139 West Bank $ 6,641,000,000 2008 est. 140 Haiti $ 6,495,000,000 2010 est. 141 Benin $ 6,494,000,000 2010 est. 142 Nicaragua $ 6,375,000,000 2010 est. 143 Laos $ 6,341,000,000 2010 est. 144 French Polynesia $ 6,100,000,000 2004 145 Mongolia $ 5,807,000,000 2010 est. 146 Rwanda $ 5,693,000,000 2010 est. 147 Niger $ 5,603,000,000 2010 est. 148 Tajikistan $ 5,578,000,000 2010 est. 149 Zimbabwe $ 5,574,000,000 2010 est. 150 Moldova $ 5,357,000,000 2010 est. 151 Jersey $ 5,100,000,000 2005 est. 152 Curacao $ 5,080,000,000 2008 est. 153 Malawi $ 5,035,000,000 2010 est. 154 Liechtenstein $ 4,603,000,000 2007 155 Kyrgyzstan $ 4,444,000,000 2010 est. 156 Guinea $ 4,344,000,000 2010 est. 157 Barbados $ 3,963,000,000 2010 est. 158 Montenegro $ 3,884,000,000 2010 est. 159 Mauritania $ 3,486,000,000 2010 est. 160 New Caledonia $ 3,300,000,000 2003 est. 161 Suriname $ 3,297,000,000 2010 est. 162 Kosovo $ 3,237,000,000 2007 est. 163 Swaziland $ 3,165,000,000 2010 est. 164 Fiji $ 3,154,000,000 2010 est. 165 Togo $ 3,074,000,000 2010 est. 166 Guernsey $ 2,742,000,000 2005 167 Isle of Man $ 2,719,000,000 2005 est. 168 Faroe Islands $ 2,450,000,000 2008 est. 169 Somalia $ 2,372,000,000 2010 est. 170 Aruba $ 2,258,000,000 2005 est. 171 Eritrea $ 2,254,000,000 2010 est. 172 Cayman Islands $ 2,250,000,000 2008 est. 173 Guyana $ 2,197,000,000 2010 est. 174 Central African Republic $ 2,113,000,000 2010 est. 175 Greenland $ 2,030,000,000 2008 176 Sierra Leone $ 1,901,000,000 2010 est. 177 Lesotho $ 1,799,000,000 2010 est. 178 Cape Verde $ 1,573,000,000 2010 est. 179 Burundi $ 1,469,000,000 2010 est. 180 Maldives $ 1,433,000,000 2010 est. 181 Belize $ 1,431,000,000 2010 est. 182 Bhutan $ 1,397,000,000 2010 est. 183 Djibouti $ 1,139,000,000 2010 est. 184 Gibraltar $ 1,106,000,000 2006 est. 185 Antigua and Barbuda $ 1,099,000,000 2010 est. 186 British Virgin Islands $ 1,095,000,000 2008 187 San Marino $ 1,048,000,000 2004 188 Gambia, The $ 1,040,000,000 2010 est. 189 Saint Lucia $ 1,000,000,000 2010 est. 190 Liberia $ 977,000,000 2010 est. 191 Seychelles $ 919,000,000 2010 est. 192 Guinea-Bissau $ 825,000,000 2010 est. 193 Sint Maarten $ 794,700,000 2008 194 Vanuatu $ 721,000,000 2010 est. 195 Solomon Islands $ 674,000,000 2010 est. 196 Grenada $ 645,000,000 2010 est. 197 Northern Mariana Islands $ 633,400,000 2000 198 Timor-Leste $ 616,000,000 2010 est. 199 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 583,000,000 2010 est. 200 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 562,000,000 2010 est. 201 Comoros $ 557,000,000 2010 est. 202 Samoa $ 550,000,000 2010 est. 203 American Samoa $ 462,200,000 2005 204 Dominica $ 375,000,000 2010 est. 205 Tonga $ 301,000,000 2010 est. 206 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 238,100,000 2008 207 Sao Tome and Principe $ 187,000,000 2010 est. 208 Cook Islands $ 183,200,000 2005 est. 209 Anguilla $ 175,400,000 2009 est. 210 Palau $ 164,000,000 2008 211 Marshall Islands $ 161,700,000 2008 est. 212 Kiribati $ 152,000,000 2010 est. 213 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $ 105,100,000 2002 est. 214 Tuvalu $ 14,940,000 2002 215 Niue $ 10,010,000 2003

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Rank code: 2196

Country Comparison :: Trafficking in persons

Trafficking in persons is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced, defrauded, or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation. The International Labor Organization (ILO), the UN agency charged with addressing labor standards, employment, and social protection issues, estimates that 12.3 million people worldwide are enslaved in forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor, sexual servitude, and involuntary servitude at any given time. Human trafficking is a multi-dimensional threat, depriving people of their human rights and freedoms, risking global health, promoting social breakdown, inhibiting development by depriving countries of their human capital, and helping fuel the growth of organized crime. In 2000, the US Congress passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), reauthorized in 2003 and 2005, which provides tools for the US to combat trafficking in persons, both domestically and abroad. One of the law's key components is the creation of the US Department of State's annual Trafficking in Persons Report, which assesses the government response (i.e., the current situation) in some 150 countries with a significant number of victims trafficked across their borders who are recruited, harbored, transported, provided, or obtained for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Countries in the annual report are rated in three tiers, based on government efforts to combat trafficking. The countries identified in this entry are those listed in the 2010 Trafficking in Persons Report as Tier 2 Watch List or Tier 3 based on the following tier rating definitions: Tier 2 Watch List countries do not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but are making significant efforts to do so, and meet one of the following criteria: 1. they display high or significantly increasing number of victims, 2. they have failed to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons, or, 3. they have committed to take action over the next year. Tier 3 countries neither satisfy the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking nor demonstrate a significant effort to do so. Countries in this tier are subject to potential non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions.

Rank country Trafficking in persons Date of Information

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Rank code: 2198

Country Comparison :: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.

Rank country Stock of direct foreign investment - at homeDate of

Information 1 United States $ 2,581,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 2 France $ 1,207,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 3 United Kingdom $ 1,169,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 4 Germany $ 1,057,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 5 Hong Kong $ 962,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 6 Belgium $ 741,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 7 Netherlands $ 687,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 8 Spain $ 668,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 9 China $ 574,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 10 Canada $ 528,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 11 Switzerland $ 514,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 12 Italy $ 405,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 13 Brazil $ 349,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 14 Australia $ 329,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 15 Mexico $ 328,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 16 Sweden $ 321,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 17 Russia $ 306,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 18 Austria $ 290,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 19 Singapore $ 274,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 20 Ireland $ 221,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 21 Saudi Arabia $ 204,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 22 Poland $ 198,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 23 India $ 191,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 24 Japan $ 161,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 25 Denmark $ 149,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 26 Chile $ 136,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 27 Norway $ 132,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 28 Czech Republic $ 126,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 29 Thailand $ 117,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 30 Korea, South $ 112,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 31 Portugal $ 105,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 32 Trinidad and Tobago $ 102,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 33 Tajikistan $ 100,300,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 34 Angola $ 91,550,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 35 Finland $ 87,990,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 36 Argentina $ 86,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 37 Colombia $ 84,620,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 38 Turkey $ 84,450,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 39 Kazakhstan $ 83,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 40 South Africa $ 83,080,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 41 Indonesia $ 81,210,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 42 Romania $ 80,160,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 43 Malaysia $ 77,440,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 44 United Arab Emirates $ 76,380,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 45 Hungary $ 72,610,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 46 Egypt $ 72,410,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 47 Nigeria $ 67,230,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 48 New Zealand $ 67,180,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 49 Taiwan $ 65,380,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 50 Israel $ 64,820,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 51 Vietnam $ 59,520,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 52 Ukraine $ 52,310,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 53 Slovakia $ 52,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 54 Bulgaria $ 51,280,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 55 Greece $ 48,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 56 Peru $ 43,470,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 57 Morocco $ 42,190,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 58 Venezuela $ 37,710,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 59 Croatia $ 34,630,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 60 Tunisia $ 33,560,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 61 Pakistan $ 30,090,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 62 Cyprus $ 29,360,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 63 Qatar $ 26,380,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 64 Philippines $ 24,940,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 65 Serbia $ 23,520,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 66 Jordan $ 22,190,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 67 Kosovo $ 21,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 68 Dominican Republic $ 19,450,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 69 Algeria $ 19,340,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 70 Libya $ 18,640,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 71 Estonia $ 17,530,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 72 Iran $ 16,820,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 73 Bahrain $ 15,770,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 74 Slovenia $ 15,730,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 75 Lithuania $ 14,110,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 76 Costa Rica $ 13,920,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 77 Macau $ 13,600,000,000 2008 est. 78 Ecuador $ 12,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 79 Latvia $ 11,710,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 80 Azerbaijan $ 8,918,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 81 Malta $ 8,240,000,000 31 December 2009 82 El Salvador $ 7,522,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 83 Bangladesh $ 6,720,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 84 Macedonia $ 3,528,000,000 31 October 2009 est. 85 Kenya $ 2,337,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 86 Kuwait $ 1,281,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 87 Paraguay $ 2,153,000 31 December 2008

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Rank code: 2199

Country Comparison :: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in foreign countries made directly by residents - primarily companies - of the home country, as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.

Rank country Stock of direct foreign investment - abroadDate of

Information 1 United States $ 3,597,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 2 France $ 1,837,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 3 United Kingdom $ 1,705,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 4 Germany $ 1,484,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 5 Netherlands $ 950,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 6 Hong Kong $ 873,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 7 Japan $ 831,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 8 Switzerland $ 814,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 9 Spain $ 641,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 10 Belgium $ 632,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 11 Canada $ 602,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 12 Italy $ 601,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 13 Sweden $ 383,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 14 Austria $ 297,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 15 China $ 278,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 16 Russia $ 260,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 17 Australia $ 245,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 18 Norway $ 226,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 19 Denmark $ 199,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 20 Ireland $ 192,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 21 Singapore $ 172,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 22 Brazil $ 131,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 23 Taiwan $ 122,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 24 Finland $ 122,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 25 Korea, South $ 115,600,000,000 31 December 2009 26 India $ 89,040,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 27 Malaysia $ 82,650,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 28 Portugal $ 63,640,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 29 Mexico $ 62,930,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 30 Israel $ 58,420,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 31 United Arab Emirates $ 54,910,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 32 South Africa $ 53,380,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 33 Chile $ 51,150,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 34 Kuwait $ 44,310,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 35 Greece $ 38,660,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 36 Indonesia $ 33,710,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 37 Poland $ 30,710,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 38 Argentina $ 30,160,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 39 Venezuela $ 20,970,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 40 Hungary $ 20,480,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 41 Thailand $ 20,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 42 Qatar $ 19,490,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 43 Colombia $ 19,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 44 Tajikistan $ 18,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 45 Saudi Arabia $ 18,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 46 Cyprus $ 16,570,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 47 Turkey $ 16,420,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 48 Czech Republic $ 15,850,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 49 Libya $ 15,320,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 50 Slovenia $ 9,001,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 51 Bahrain $ 8,399,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 52 Vietnam $ 7,700,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 53 Kazakhstan $ 7,208,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 54 Estonia $ 7,134,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 55 Philippines $ 6,591,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 56 Croatia $ 6,334,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 57 Nigeria $ 6,071,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 58 Azerbaijan $ 6,058,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 59 Egypt $ 4,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 60 Angola $ 4,883,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 61 Cuba $ 4,138,000,000 2006 est. 62 Trinidad and Tobago $ 3,829,000,000 2007 63 Slovakia $ 2,643,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 64 Lithuania $ 2,507,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 65 Ukraine $ 2,327,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 66 Peru $ 2,120,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 67 Iran $ 2,075,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 68 Algeria $ 1,844,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 69 Romania $ 1,831,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 70 Bulgaria $ 1,372,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 71 Latvia $ 1,097,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 72 Morocco $ 1,047,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 73 Pakistan $ 1,047,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 74 Macau $ 980,000,000 2009 est. 75 Costa Rica $ 547,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 76 Kenya $ 338,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 77 El Salvador $ 273,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 78 Tunisia $ 251,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 79 Uruguay $ 156,000,000 2007 est. 80 Bangladesh $ 82,000,000 31 December 2010 est.

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Rank code: 2200

Country Comparison :: Market value of publicly traded shares

This entry gives the value of shares issued by publicly traded companies at a price determined in the national stock markets on the final day of the period indicated. It is simply the latest price per share multiplied by the total number of outstanding shares, cumulated over all companies listed on the particular exchange.

Rank country Market value of publicly traded sharesDate of Information

1 United States $ 11,740,000,000,000 31 December 2008 2 European Union $ 7,564,000,000,000 31 December 2008 3 Japan $ 3,220,000,000,000 31 December 2008 4 China $ 2,794,000,000,000 31 December 2008 5 United Kingdom $ 1,852,000,000,000 31 December 2008 6 France $ 1,492,000,000,000 31 December 2008 7 Russia $ 1,322,000,000,000 31 December 2008 8 Hong Kong $ 1,320,000,000,000 31 December 2008 9 Germany $ 1,108,000,000,000 31 December 2008 10 Canada $ 1,002,000,000,000 31 December 2008 11 Spain $ 946,100,000,000 31 December 2008 12 Switzerland $ 862,700,000,000 31 December 2008 13 Australia $ 675,600,000,000 31 December 2008 14 India $ 645,500,000,000 31 December 2008 15 Brazil $ 589,400,000,000 31 December 2008 16 Italy $ 520,900,000,000 31 December 2008 17 Korea, South $ 494,600,000,000 31 December 2008 18 South Africa $ 491,300,000,000 31 December 2008 19 Netherlands $ 387,900,000,000 31 December 2008 20 Taiwan $ 354,700,000,000 31 December 2008 21 Singapore $ 268,600,000,000 31 December 2008 22 Sweden $ 252,500,000,000 31 December 2008 23 Saudi Arabia $ 246,300,000,000 31 December 2008 24 Mexico $ 232,600,000,000 31 December 2008 25 Malaysia $ 187,100,000,000 31 December 2008 26 Belgium $ 167,400,000,000 31 December 2008 27 Finland $ 154,400,000,000 31 December 2008 28 Israel $ 134,500,000,000 31 December 2008 29 Chile $ 132,400,000,000 31 December 2008 30 Denmark $ 131,500,000,000 31 December 2008 31 Norway $ 125,900,000,000 31 December 2008 32 Turkey $ 117,900,000,000 31 December 2008 33 Kuwait $ 107,200,000,000 31 December 2008 34 Thailand $ 102,600,000,000 31 December 2008 35 Indonesia $ 98,760,000,000 31 December 2008 36 United Arab Emirates $ 97,850,000,000 31 December 2008 37 Greece $ 90,400,000,000 31 December 2008 38 Poland $ 90,230,000,000 31 December 2008 39 Colombia $ 87,030,000,000 31 December 2008 40 Egypt $ 85,890,000,000 31 December 2008 41 Philippines $ 85,630,000,000 31 December 2008 42 Qatar $ 76,310,000,000 31 December 2008 43 Austria $ 72,300,000,000 31 December 2008 44 Portugal $ 68,710,000,000 31 December 2008 45 Luxembourg $ 66,460,000,000 31 December 2008 46 Morocco $ 65,750,000,000 31 December 2008 47 Peru $ 55,630,000,000 31 December 2008 48 Argentina $ 52,310,000,000 31 December 2008 49 Nigeria $ 49,800,000,000 31 December 2008 50 Ireland $ 49,400,000,000 31 December 2008 51 Iran $ 49,040,000,000 31 December 2008 52 Czech Republic $ 48,850,000,000 31 December 2008 53 Jordan $ 35,850,000,000 31 December 2008 54 Kazakhstan $ 31,080,000,000 31 December 2008 55 Croatia $ 26,790,000,000 31 December 2008 56 Ukraine $ 24,360,000,000 31 December 2008 57 New Zealand $ 24,170,000,000 31 December 2008 58 Pakistan $ 23,490,000,000 31 December 2008 59 Slovenia $ 22,100,000,000 31 December 2008 60 Bahrain $ 21,180,000,000 31 December 2008 61 Romania $ 19,920,000,000 31 December 2008 62 Hungary $ 18,580,000,000 31 December 2008 63 Oman $ 14,910,000,000 31 December 2008 64 Serbia $ 12,170,000,000 31 December 2008 65 Trinidad and Tobago $ 12,160,000,000 31 December 2008 66 Kenya $ 10,920,000,000 31 December 2008 67 Lebanon $ 9,641,000,000 31 December 2008 68 Vietnam $ 9,589,000,000 31 December 2008 69 Bulgaria $ 8,858,000,000 31 December 2008 70 Sri Lanka $ 8,133,000,000 31 December 2009 71 Cyprus $ 7,955,000,000 31 December 2008 72 Jamaica $ 7,513,000,000 31 December 2008 73 Cote d'Ivoire $ 7,071,000,000 31 December 2008 74 Bangladesh $ 6,671,000,000 31 December 2008 75 Panama $ 6,568,000,000 31 December 2008 76 Tunisia $ 6,374,000,000 31 December 2008 77 Iceland $ 5,557,000,000 31 December 2008 78 Nepal $ 5,485,000,000 31 December 2009 79 Zimbabwe $ 5,333,000,000 31 December 2007 80 Slovakia $ 5,079,000,000 31 December 2008 81 Barbados $ 4,964,000,000 31 December 2008 82 El Salvador $ 4,656,000,000 31 December 2008 83 Ecuador $ 4,562,000,000 31 December 2008 84 Lithuania $ 3,625,000,000 31 December 2008 85 Malta $ 3,572,000,000 31 December 2008 86 Botswana $ 3,556,000,000 31 December 2008 87 Mauritius $ 3,443,000,000 31 December 2008 88 Ghana $ 3,394,000,000 31 December 2008 89 Montenegro $ 2,863,000,000 31 December 2008 90 Bolivia $ 2,672,000,000 31 December 2008 91 Zambia $ 2,346,000,000 31 December 2007 92 West Bank $ 2,123,000,000 31 December 2008 93 Iraq $ 2,000,000,000 31 July 2009 94 Estonia $ 1,950,000,000 31 December 2008 95 Bermuda $ 1,912,000,000 31 December 2008 96 Costa Rica $ 1,887,000,000 31 December 2008 97 Malawi $ 1,771,000,000 31 December 2008 98 Latvia $ 1,609,000,000 31 December 2008 99 Tanzania $ 1,293,000,000 31 December 2008 100 Macedonia $ 823,500,000 31 December 2008 101 Namibia $ 618,700,000 31 December 2008 102 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 595,200,000 31 December 2008 103 Moldova $ 573,900,000 2004 104 Fiji $ 568,200,000 31 December 2008 105 Mongolia $ 407,000,000 31 December 2008 106 Georgia $ 327,300,000 31 December 2008 107 Guyana $ 289,900,000 31 December 2008 108 Swaziland $ 203,100,000 31 December 2007 109 Cayman Islands $ 183,500,000 31 December 2007 110 Armenia $ 176,000,000 31 December 2008 111 Uruguay $ 159,000,000 31 December 2007 112 Kyrgyzstan $ 93,790,000 31 December 2008

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Rank code: 2201

Country Comparison :: Total renewable water resources

This entry provides the long-term average water availability for a country in cubic kilometers of precipitation, recharged ground water, and surface inflows from surrounding countries. The values have been adjusted to account for overlap resulting from surface flow recharge of groundwater sources. Total renewable water resources provides the water total available to a country but does not include water resource totals that have been reserved for upstream or downstream countries through international agreements. Note that these values are averages and do not accurately reflect the total available in any given year. Annual available resources can vary greatly due to short-term and long-term climatic and weather variations.

Rank country (cu km) Date of Information

1 Brazil 8,233.00 2000 2 Russia 4,498.00 1997 3 Canada 3,300.00 1985 4 United States 3,069.00 1985 5 Indonesia 2,838.00 1999 6 China 2,829.60 1999 7 Colombia 2,132.00 2000 8 Peru 1,913.00 2000 9 India 1,907.80 1999 10 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,283.00 2001 11 Venezuela 1,233.20 2000 12 Bangladesh 1,210.60 1999 13 Burma 1,045.60 1999 14 Chile 922.00 2000 15 Vietnam 891.20 1999 16 Congo, Republic of the 832.00 1987 17 Argentina 814.00 2000 18 Papua New Guinea 801.00 1987 19 Bolivia 622.50 2000 20 Malaysia 580.00 1999 21 Philippines 479.00 1999 22 Cambodia 476.10 1999 23 Mexico 457.20 2000 24 Ecuador 432.00 2000 25 Japan 430.00 1999 26 Thailand 409.90 1999 27 Australia 398.00 1995 28 New Zealand 397.00 1995 29 Norway 381.40 2005 30 Madagascar 337.00 1984 31 Paraguay 336.00 2000 32 Laos 333.60 2003 33 Nigeria 286.20 2003 34 Cameroon 285.50 2003 35 Guyana 241.00 2000 36 Turkey 234.00 2003 37 Pakistan 233.80 2003 38 Liberia 232.00 1987 39 Guinea 226.00 1987 40 Mozambique 216.00 1992 41 Nepal 210.20 1999 42 Serbia 208.50 2003 43 Nicaragua 196.70 2000 44 France 189.00 2005 45 Germany 188.00 2005 46 Angola 184.00 1987 47 Sweden 179.00 2005 48 Italy 175.00 2005 49 Iceland 170.00 2005 50 Gabon 164.00 1987 51 United Kingdom 160.60 2005 52 Sierra Leone 160.00 1987 53 Sudan 154.00 1997 54 Panama 148.00 2000 55 Central African Republic 144.40 2003 56 Ukraine 139.50 1997 57 Uruguay 139.00 2000 58 Iran 137.50 1997 59 Suriname 122.00 2003 60 Hungary 120.00 2005 61 Costa Rica 112.40 2000 62 Guatemala 111.30 2000 63 Spain 111.10 2005 64 Ethiopia 110.00 1987 65 Finland 110.00 2005 66 Kazakhstan 109.60 1997 67 Croatia 105.50 1998 68 Zambia 105.20 2001 69 Mali 100.00 2001 70 Tajikistan 99.70 1997 71 Iraq 96.40 1997 72 Honduras 95.90 2000 73 Bhutan 95.00 1987 74 Tanzania 91.00 2001 75 Netherlands 89.70 2005 76 Egypt 86.80 1997 77 Austria 84.00 2005 78 Cote d'Ivoire 81.00 2001 79 Korea, North 77.10 1999 80 Portugal 73.60 2005 81 Uzbekistan 72.20 2003 82 Greece 72.00 2005 83 Korea, South 69.70 1999 84 Taiwan 67.00 2000 85 Uganda 66.00 1970 86 Afghanistan 65.00 1997 87 Georgia 63.30 1997 88 Poland 63.10 2005 89 Turkmenistan 60.90 1997 90 Belarus 58.00 1997 91 Switzerland 53.30 2005 92 Ghana 53.20 2001 93 Slovakia 50.10 2003 94 South Africa 50.00 1990 95 Sri Lanka 50.00 1999 96 Latvia 49.90 2005 97 Ireland 46.80 2003 98 Kyrgyzstan 46.50 1997 99 Syria 46.10 1997 100 Namibia 45.50 1991 101 Solomon Islands 44.70 1987 102 Chad 43.00 1987 103 Romania 42.30 2003 104 Albania 41.70 2001 105 Senegal 39.40 1987 106 Cuba 38.10 2000 107 Bosnia and Herzegovina 37.50 2003 108 Mongolia 34.80 1999 109 Niger 33.70 2003 110 Slovenia 32.10 2005 111 Guinea-Bissau 31.00 2003 112 Azerbaijan 30.30 1997 113 Kenya 30.20 1990 114 Morocco 29.00 2003 115 Fiji 28.60 1987 116 Equatorial Guinea 26.00 2001 117 Benin 25.80 2001 118 El Salvador 25.20 2001 119 Lithuania 24.50 2005 120 Estonia 21.10 2005 121 Dominican Republic 21.00 2000 122 Belgium 20.80 2005 123 Zimbabwe 20.00 1987 124 Bulgaria 19.40 2005 125 Belize 18.60 2000 126 Burkina Faso 17.50 2001 127 Malawi 17.30 2001 128 Czech Republic 16.00 2005 129 Somalia 15.70 1997 130 Botswana 14.70 2001 131 Togo 14.70 2001 132 Algeria 14.30 1997 133 Haiti 14.00 2000 134 Moldova 11.70 1997 135 Mauritania 11.40 1997 136 Armenia 10.50 1997 137 Jamaica 9.40 2000 138 Brunei 8.50 1999 139 Gambia, The 8.00 1982 140 Macedonia 6.40 2001 141 Eritrea 6.30 2001 142 Denmark 6.10 2003 143 Lesotho 5.20 1987 144 Rwanda 5.20 2003 145 Lebanon 4.80 1997 146 Tunisia 4.60 2003 147 Swaziland 4.50 1987 148 Yemen 4.10 1997 149 Trinidad and Tobago 3.80 2000 150 Burundi 3.60 1987 151 Saudi Arabia 2.40 1997 152 Mauritius 2.20 2001 153 Israel 1.70 2001 154 Luxembourg 1.60 2005 155 Comoros 1.20 2003 156 Oman 1.00 1997 157 Jordan 0.90 1997 158 Libya 0.60 1997 159 Singapore 0.60 1975 160 Cyprus 0.40 2005 161 Cape Verde 0.30 1990 162 Djibouti 0.30 1997 163 United Arab Emirates 0.20 1997 164 Antigua and Barbuda 0.10 2000 165 Bahrain 0.10 1997 166 Barbados 0.10 2003 167 Qatar 0.10 1997 168 Malta 0.07 2005 169 Maldives 0.03 1999 170 Kuwait 0.02 1997 171 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.02 2000

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Rank code: 2202

Country Comparison :: Freshwater withdrawal

(domestic/industrial/agricultural) This entry provides the annual quantity of water in cubic kilometers removed from available sources for use in any purpose. Water drawn-off is not necessarily entirely consumed and some portion may be returned for further use downstream. Domestic sector use refers to water supplied by public distribution systems. Note that some of this total may be used for small industrial and/or limited agricultural purposes. Industrial sector use is the quantity of water used by self-supplied industries not connected to a public distribution system. Agricultural sector use includes water used for irrigation and livestock watering, and does not account for agriculture directly dependent on rainfall. Included are figures for total annual water withdrawal and per capita water withdrawal.

Rank country () Date of Information

1 Turkmenistan 5,104.00 2000 2 Kazakhstan 2,360.00 2000 3 Uzbekistan 2,194.00 2000 4 Guyana 2,187.00 2000 5 Hungary 2,082.00 2001 6 Azerbaijan 2,051.00 2000 7 Kyrgyzstan 1,916.00 2000 8 Tajikistan 1,837.00 2000 9 United States 1,600.00 2000 10 Suriname 1,489.00 2000 11 Iraq 1,482.00 2000 12 Canada 1,386.00 1996 13 Thailand 1,288.00 2000 14 Ecuador 1,283.00 2000 15 Australia 1,193.00 2000 16 Macedonia 1,118.00 2000 17 Pakistan 1,072.00 2000 18 Estonia 1,060.00 2002 19 Portugal 1,056.00 1998 20 Iran 1,048.00 2000 21 Syria 1,048.00 2000 22 Sudan 1,030.00 2000 23 Swaziland 1,010.00 2000 24 Armenia 977.00 2000 25 Lithuania 971.00 2003 26 Egypt 923.00 2000 27 Uruguay 910.00 2000 28 Bulgaria 895.00 2003 29 Spain 864.00 2002 30 Vietnam 847.00 2000 31 Georgia 808.00 2000 32 Ukraine 807.00 2000 33 Madagascar 804.00 2000 34 Greece 782.00 1997 35 Afghanistan 779.00 2000 36 Chile 770.00 2000 37 Argentina 753.00 2000 38 Mexico 731.00 2000 39 Libya 730.00 2000 40 Cuba 728.00 2000 41 Italy 723.00 1998 42 Peru 720.00 2000 43 Belgium 714.00 1998 44 Saudi Arabia 705.00 2000 45 Japan 690.00 2000 46 Burma 658.00 2000 47 India 645.84 2000 48 Costa Rica 619.00 2000 49 Sri Lanka 608.00 2000 50 India 585.00 2000 51 Iceland 567.00 2003 52 Bangladesh 560.00 2000 53 Belize 556.00 2000 54 Mauritania 554.00 2000 55 China 549.76 2000 56 Moldova 549.00 2000 57 France 548.00 2000 58 Albania 546.00 2000 59 Netherlands 544.00 2001 60 Turkey 544.00 2001 61 Russia 535.00 2000 62 Oman 529.00 2000 63 New Zealand 524.00 2000 64 Norway 519.00 1996 65 United Arab Emirates 511.00 2000 66 Laos 507.00 2000 67 Mauritius 488.00 2000 68 Mali 484.00 2000 69 United States 477.00 2000 70 Germany 460.00 2001 71 Slovenia 457.00 2002 72 Austria 448.00 1999 73 Finland 444.00 1999 74 China 415.00 2000 75 Bahrain 411.00 2000 76 Korea, North 401.00 2000 77 Morocco 400.00 2000 78 Somalia 400.00 2000 79 Korea, South 389.00 2000 80 Lebanon 385.00 2000 81 Dominican Republic 381.00 2000 82 Nepal 375.00 2000 83 Indonesia 372.00 2000 84 Qatar 358.00 2000 85 Malaysia 356.00 2000 86 Switzerland 348.00 2002 87 Philippines 343.00 2000 88 Barbados 333.00 2000 89 Zimbabwe 324.00 2002 90 Brazil 318.00 2000 91 Yemen 316.00 2000 92 Venezuela 313.00 2000 93 Israel 305.00 2000 94 Poland 304.00 2002 95 Romania 299.00 2003 96 Sweden 296.00 2002 97 Cambodia 290.00 2000 98 Belarus 286.00 2000 99 Ireland 284.00 1994 100 South Africa 264.00 2000 101 Tunisia 261.00 2000 102 Panama 254.00 2000 103 Cyprus 250.00 2000 104 Brunei 243.00 1994 105 Nicaragua 237.00 2000 106 Trinidad and Tobago 237.00 2000 107 Colombia 235.00 2000 108 Equatorial Guinea 220.00 2000 109 Dominica 213.00 1996 110 Bhutan 199.00 2000 111 United Kingdom 197.00 1994 112 Slovakia 193.00 2003 113 Senegal 190.00 2002 114 Czech Republic 187.00 2002 115 El Salvador 186.00 2000 116 Algeria 185.00 2000 117 Jordan 177.00 2000 118 Pakistan 169.39 2000 119 Mongolia 166.00 2000 120 Kuwait 164.00 2000 121 Guinea 161.00 2000 122 Guatemala 160.00 2000 123 Bolivia 157.00 2000 124 Niger 156.00 2000 125 Jamaica 155.00 2000 126 Zambia 149.00 2000 127 Namibia 148.00 2000 128 Tanzania 135.00 2000 129 Denmark 123.00 2002 130 Luxembourg 121.00 1999 131 Honduras 119.00 2000 132 Haiti 116.00 2000 133 Guinea-Bissau 113.00 2000 134 Latvia 108.00 2003 135 Botswana 107.00 2000 136 Japan 88.43 2000 137 Gabon 87.00 2000 138 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 83.00 1995 139 Indonesia 82.78 2000 140 Thailand 82.75 2000 141 Fiji 82.00 2000 142 Saint Lucia 81.00 1997 143 Paraguay 80.00 2000 144 Bangladesh 79.40 2000 145 Mexico 78.22 2000 146 Malawi 78.00 2000 147 Russia 76.68 2000 148 Iran 72.88 2000 149 Ethiopia 72.00 2002 150 Vietnam 71.39 2000 151 Sierra Leone 69.00 2000 152 Egypt 68.30 2000 153 Eritrea 68.00 2000 154 Antigua and Barbuda 63.00 1990 155 Cameroon 61.00 2000 156 Nigeria 61.00 2000 157 Burkina Faso 60.00 2000 158 Brazil 59.30 2000 159 Uzbekistan 58.34 2000 160 Cote d'Ivoire 51.00 2000 161 Malta 50.00 2000 162 Kenya 46.00 2000 163 Canada 44.72 1996 164 Ghana 44.00 2000 165 Singapore 44.00 1975 166 Iraq 42.70 2000 167 Italy 41.98 1998 168 Turkey 39.78 2001 169 Cape Verde 39.00 2000 170 Germany 38.01 2001 171 Burundi 38.00 2000 172 Ukraine 37.53 2000 173 Sudan 37.32 2000 174 Spain 37.22 2002 175 Kazakhstan 35.00 2000 176 Liberia 34.00 2000 177 Burma 33.23 2000 178 France 33.16 2000 179 Mozambique 32.00 2000 180 Argentina 29.19 2000 181 Philippines 28.52 2000 182 Lesotho 28.00 2000 183 Togo 28.00 2000 184 Djibouti 25.00 2000 185 Turkmenistan 24.65 2000 186 Australia 24.06 2000 187 Chad 24.00 2000 188 Afghanistan 23.26 2000 189 Angola 22.00 2000 190 Hungary 21.03 2001 191 Peru 20.13 2000 192 Gambia, The 20.00 2000 193 Syria 19.95 2000 194 Korea, South 18.59 2000 195 Saudi Arabia 17.32 2000 196 Azerbaijan 17.25 2000 197 Papua New Guinea 17.00 1987 198 Rwanda 17.00 2000 199 Ecuador 16.98 2000 200 Benin 15.00 2001 201 Madagascar 14.96 2000 202 Comoros 13.00 1999 203 Sri Lanka 12.61 2000 204 Morocco 12.60 2000 205 Chile 12.55 2000 206 South Africa 12.50 2000 207 Tajikistan 11.96 2000 208 United Kingdom 11.75 1994 209 Poland 11.73 2002 210 Portugal 11.09 1998 211 Colombia 10.71 2000 212 Nepal 10.18 2000 213 Kyrgyzstan 10.08 2000 214 Uganda 10.00 2002 215 Korea, North 9.02 2000 216 Malaysia 9.02 2000 217 Maldives 9.00 1987 218 Netherlands 8.86 2001 219 Greece 8.70 1997 220 Venezuela 8.37 2000 221 Cuba 8.20 2000 222 Nigeria 8.01 2000 223 Congo, Republic of the 8.00 2000 224 Belgium 7.44 1998 225 Central African Republic 7.00 2000 226 Bulgaria 6.92 2003 227 Yemen 6.63 2000 228 Mali 6.55 2000 229 Romania 6.50 2003 230 Algeria 6.07 2000 231 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.00 2000 232 Ethiopia 5.56 2002 233 Tanzania 5.18 2000 234 Libya 4.27 2000 235 Zimbabwe 4.21 2002 236 Cambodia 4.08 2000 237 Austria 3.67 1999 238 Georgia 3.61 2000 239 Dominican Republic 3.39 2000 240 Lithuania 3.33 2003 241 Somalia 3.29 2000 242 Uruguay 3.15 2000 243 Laos 3.00 2000 244 Armenia 2.95 2000 245 Belarus 2.79 2000 246 Costa Rica 2.68 2000 247 Sweden 2.68 2002 248 Tunisia 2.64 2000 249 Switzerland 2.52 2002 250 Norway 2.40 1996 251 Finland 2.33 1999 252 Moldova 2.31 2000 253 United Arab Emirates 2.30 2000 254 Macedonia 2.27 2000 255 Senegal 2.22 2002 256 Niger 2.18 2000 257 New Zealand 2.11 2000 258 Israel 2.05 2000 259 Guatemala 2.01 2000 260 Czech Republic 1.91 2002 261 Zambia 1.74 2000 262 Albania 1.71 2000 263 Mauritania 1.70 2000 264 Guyana 1.64 2000 265 Kenya 1.58 2000 266 Guinea 1.51 2000 267 Bolivia 1.44 2000 268 Estonia 1.41 2002 269 Lebanon 1.38 2000 270 Oman 1.36 2000 271 Nicaragua 1.30 2000 272 El Salvador 1.28 2000 273 Ireland 1.18 1994 274 Slovakia 1.04 2003 275 Swaziland 1.04 2000 276 Jordan 1.01 2000 277 Malawi 1.01 2000 278 Cameroon 0.99 2000 279 Haiti 0.99 2000 280 Ghana 0.98 2000 281 Cote d'Ivoire 0.93 2000 282 Slovenia 0.90 2002 283 Honduras 0.86 2000 284 Panama 0.82 2000 285 Burkina Faso 0.80 2000 286 Denmark 0.67 2002 287 Suriname 0.67 2000 288 Mozambique 0.63 2000 289 Mauritius 0.61 2000 290 Paraguay 0.49 2000 291 Kuwait 0.44 2000 292 Mongolia 0.44 2000 293 Bhutan 0.43 2000 294 Jamaica 0.41 2000 295 Sierra Leone 0.38 2000 296 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.36 2000 297 Angola 0.35 2000 298 Trinidad and Tobago 0.31 2000 299 Bahrain 0.30 2000 300 Eritrea 0.30 2000 301 Uganda 0.30 2002 302 Namibia 0.30 2000 303 Burundi 0.29 2000 304 Qatar 0.29 2000 305 Latvia 0.25 2003 306 Chad 0.23 2000 307 Cyprus 0.21 2000 308 Botswana 0.19 2000 309 Singapore 0.19 1975 310 Guinea-Bissau 0.18 2000 311 Iceland 0.17 2003 312 Togo 0.17 2000 313 Belize 0.15 2000 314 Rwanda 0.15 2000 315 Benin 0.13 2001 316 Gabon 0.12 2000 317 Equatorial Guinea 0.11 2000 318 Liberia 0.11 2000 319 Papua New Guinea 0.10 1987 320 Barbados 0.09 2000 321 Brunei 0.09 1994 322 Fiji 0.07 2000 323 Luxembourg 0.06 1999 324 Lesotho 0.05 2000 325 Central African Republic 0.03 2000 326 Gambia, The 0.03 2000 327 Congo, Republic of the 0.03 2000 328 Cape Verde 0.02 2000 329 Djibouti 0.02 2000 330 Malta 0.02 2000 331 Dominica 0.02 1996 332 Comoros 0.01 1999 333 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.01 1995 334 Saint Lucia 0.01 1997 335 Antigua and Barbuda 0.01 1990 336 Maldives 0.00 1987

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Rank code: 2203

Country Comparison :: Geographic overview

Rank country Geographic overview Date of Information

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Rank code: 2204

Country Comparison :: Economy of the area administered by Turkish

Cypriots

Rank country Economy of the area administered by Turkish CypriotsDate

of Information 1 Cyprus 1.50 NA 2 Cyprus 1.43 NA 3 Cyprus 1.43 NA 4 Cyprus 1.34 NA 5 Cyprus 1.32 NA

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Rank code: 2205

Country Comparison :: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary

education) School life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age. Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or quality as a year or grade completed in another country. SLE represents the expected number of years of schooling that will be completed, including years spent repeating one or more grades.

Rank country (years) Date of Information

1 Australia 21.00 2008 2 Australia 21.00 2008 3 Australia 20.00 2008 4 New Zealand 20.00 2008 5 Iceland 20.00 2008 6 British Virgin Islands 19.00 2005 7 New Zealand 19.00 2008 8 Cuba 19.00 2009 9 New Zealand 19.00 2008 10 Cuba 18.00 2009 11 Ireland 18.00 2008 12 Slovenia 18.00 2008 13 Norway 18.00 2008 14 Korea, South 18.00 2008 15 Ireland 18.00 2008 16 Denmark 18.00 2007 17 Finland 18.00 2008 18 Ireland 18.00 2008 19 Iceland 18.00 2008 20 Argentina 17.00 2007 21 Finland 17.00 2008 22 Libya 17.00 2003 23 Libya 17.00 2003 24 Latvia 17.00 2008 25 Korea, South 17.00 2008 26 Italy 17.00 2007 27 Iceland 17.00 2008 28 Greece 17.00 2007 29 Greece 17.00 2007 30 France 17.00 2008 31 United Kingdom 17.00 2008 32 Spain 17.00 2008 33 Slovenia 17.00 2008 34 Norway 17.00 2008 35 Norway 17.00 2008 36 Netherlands 17.00 2008 37 Netherlands 17.00 2008 38 Netherlands 17.00 2008 39 Montserrat 17.00 2007 40 Lithuania 17.00 2008 41 Uruguay 17.00 2007 42 United States 17.00 2008 43 Finland 17.00 2008 44 Canada 17.00 2004 45 British Virgin Islands 17.00 2005 46 Denmark 17.00 2007 47 Estonia 17.00 2008 48 Canada 17.00 2004 49 Canada 17.00 2004 50 Argentina 16.00 2007 51 Libya 16.00 2003 52 Germany 16.00 2006 53 Germany 16.00 2006 54 Germany 16.00 2006 55 France 16.00 2008 56 France 16.00 2008 57 Estonia 16.00 2008 58 Denmark 16.00 2007 59 Czech Republic 16.00 2008 60 Cuba 16.00 2009 61 United States 16.00 2008 62 United Kingdom 16.00 2008 63 United Kingdom 16.00 2008 64 Switzerland 16.00 2008 65 Switzerland 16.00 2008 66 Sweden 16.00 2008 67 Sweden 16.00 2008 68 Portugal 16.00 2007 69 Poland 16.00 2007 70 Uruguay 16.00 2007 71 Lithuania 16.00 2008 72 Liechtenstein 16.00 2008 73 Korea, South 16.00 2008 74 Italy 16.00 2007 75 Italy 16.00 2007 76 Israel 16.00 2008 77 Hungary 16.00 2008 78 Greece 16.00 2007 79 Spain 16.00 2008 80 Spain 16.00 2008 81 Slovenia 16.00 2008 82 Slovakia 16.00 2008 83 Seychelles 16.00 2008 84 Portugal 16.00 2007 85 Belgium 16.00 2008 86 British Virgin Islands 16.00 2005 87 Belgium 16.00 2008 88 Belgium 16.00 2008 89 Argentina 15.00 2007 90 Austria 15.00 2008 91 Austria 15.00 2008 92 Bahrain 15.00 2006 93 Latvia 15.00 2008 94 Israel 15.00 2008 95 Iran 15.00 2008 96 Hungary 15.00 2008 97 Hungary 15.00 2008 98 Estonia 15.00 2008 99 Czech Republic 15.00 2008 100 Czech Republic 15.00 2008 101 Chile 15.00 2007 102 Chile 15.00 2007 103 Uruguay 15.00 2007 104 United States 15.00 2008 105 Ukraine 15.00 2008 106 Ukraine 15.00 2008 107 Tunisia 15.00 2008 108 Tunisia 15.00 2008 109 Switzerland 15.00 2008 110 Sweden 15.00 2008 111 Portugal 15.00 2007 112 Venezuela 15.00 2008 113 Poland 15.00 2007 114 Poland 15.00 2007 115 Palau 15.00 2001 116 Palau 15.00 2001 117 Montserrat 15.00 2007 118 Malta 15.00 2007 119 Macau 15.00 2008 120 Lithuania 15.00 2008 121 Slovakia 15.00 2008 122 Seychelles 15.00 2008 123 Russia 15.00 2008 124 Romania 15.00 2008 125 Romania 15.00 2008 126 Qatar 15.00 2008 127 Liechtenstein 15.00 2008 128 Kazakhstan 15.00 2009 129 Kazakhstan 15.00 2009 130 Kazakhstan 15.00 2009 131 Japan 15.00 2008 132 Japan 15.00 2008 133 Japan 15.00 2008 134 Israel 15.00 2008 135 Belarus 15.00 2007 136 Belarus 15.00 2007 137 Austria 15.00 2008 138 Aruba 14.00 2008 139 Bahrain 14.00 2006 140 Bahrain 14.00 2006 141 Bolivia 14.00 2007 142 Bolivia 14.00 2007 143 West Bank 14.00 2006 144 West Bank 14.00 2006 145 Venezuela 14.00 2008 146 Ukraine 14.00 2008 147 Tunisia 14.00 2008 148 Tonga 14.00 2004 149 Tonga 14.00 2004 150 Tonga 14.00 2004 151 Slovakia 14.00 2008 152 Seychelles 14.00 2008 153 Serbia 14.00 2008 154 Serbia 14.00 2008 155 Saudi Arabia 14.00 2008 156 Saudi Arabia 14.00 2008 157 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 14.00 2005 158 Saint Lucia 14.00 2008 159 Russia 14.00 2008 160 Russia 14.00 2008 161 Romania 14.00 2008 162 Peru 14.00 2006 163 Peru 14.00 2006 164 Panama 14.00 2007 165 Panama 14.00 2007 166 Palau 14.00 2001 167 Montserrat 14.00 2007 168 Mongolia 14.00 2008 169 Mongolia 14.00 2008 170 Mexico 14.00 2008 171 Mexico 14.00 2008 172 Mexico 14.00 2008 173 Mauritius 14.00 2008 174 Mauritius 14.00 2008 175 Malta 14.00 2007 176 Malta 14.00 2007 177 Macau 14.00 2008 178 Macau 14.00 2008 179 Jamaica 14.00 2008 180 Jamaica 14.00 2008 181 Colombia 14.00 2008 182 Chile 14.00 2007 183 Bulgaria 14.00 2008 184 Bulgaria 14.00 2008 185 Brunei 14.00 2008 186 Brunei 14.00 2008 187 Brunei 14.00 2008 188 Brazil 14.00 2008 189 Brazil 14.00 2008 190 Brazil 14.00 2008 191 Liechtenstein 14.00 2008 192 Lebanon 14.00 2009 193 Lebanon 14.00 2009 194 Latvia 14.00 2008 195 Iran 14.00 2008 196 Hong Kong 14.00 2006 197 Hong Kong 14.00 2006 198 Grenada 14.00 2005 199 Gaza Strip 14.00 2006 200 Gaza Strip 14.00 2006 201 Ecuador 14.00 2008 202 Ecuador 14.00 2008 203 Ecuador 14.00 2008 204 Cyprus 14.00 2008 205 Cyprus 14.00 2008 206 Cyprus 14.00 2008 207 Croatia 14.00 2007 208 Croatia 14.00 2007 209 Croatia 14.00 2007 210 Bolivia 14.00 2007 211 Bermuda 14.00 2005 212 Belarus 14.00 2007 213 Barbados 14.00 2001 214 Algeria 13.00 2005 215 Aruba 13.00 2008 216 Algeria 13.00 2005 217 Algeria 13.00 2005 218 West Bank 13.00 2006 219 Venezuela 13.00 2008 220 Thailand 13.00 2009 221 Suriname 13.00 2002 222 South Africa 13.00 2004 223 South Africa 13.00 2004 224 South Africa 13.00 2004 225 Serbia 13.00 2008 226 Saudi Arabia 13.00 2008 227 Samoa 13.00 2001 228 Saint Lucia 13.00 2008 229 Saint Lucia 13.00 2008 230 Saint Kitts and Nevis 13.00 2005 231 Qatar 13.00 2008 232 Peru 13.00 2006 233 Panama 13.00 2007 234 Mongolia 13.00 2008 235 Moldova 13.00 2008 236 Mauritius 13.00 2008 237 Marshall Islands 13.00 2003 238 Marshall Islands 13.00 2003 239 Maldives 13.00 2006 240 Malaysia 13.00 2007 241 Malaysia 13.00 2007 242 Luxembourg 13.00 2006 243 Luxembourg 13.00 2006 244 Luxembourg 13.00 2006 245 Kyrgyzstan 13.00 2008 246 Marshall Islands 13.00 2003 247 Kyrgyzstan 13.00 2008 248 Kuwait 13.00 2006 249 Kiribati 13.00 2005 250 Jordan 13.00 2008 251 Jordan 13.00 2008 252 Jordan 13.00 2008 253 Jamaica 13.00 2008 254 Georgia 13.00 2008 255 Liberia 13.00 2000 256 Lebanon 13.00 2009 257 Georgia 13.00 2008 258 Gaza Strip 13.00 2006 259 Gabon 13.00 1999 260 Gabon 13.00 1999 261 Fiji 13.00 2005 262 Fiji 13.00 2005 263 Fiji 13.00 2005 264 Colombia 13.00 2008 265 Iran 13.00 2008 266 Indonesia 13.00 2008 267 Indonesia 13.00 2008 268 Indonesia 13.00 2008 269 Hong Kong 13.00 2006 270 Grenada 13.00 2005 271 Grenada 13.00 2005 272 Georgia 13.00 2008 273 Colombia 13.00 2008 274 Cayman Islands 13.00 2008 275 Cayman Islands 13.00 2008 276 Cayman Islands 13.00 2008 277 Bulgaria 13.00 2008 278 Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.00 2007 279 Bermuda 13.00 2005 280 Bermuda 13.00 2005 281 Dominican Republic 13.00 2004 282 Dominica 13.00 2008 283 Dominica 13.00 2008 284 Belize 13.00 2004 285 Barbados 13.00 2001 286 Barbados 13.00 2001 287 Azerbaijan 13.00 2008 288 Azerbaijan 13.00 2008 289 Azerbaijan 13.00 2008 290 Aruba 13.00 2008 291 Andorra 12.00 2008 292 Uzbekistan 12.00 2008 293 United Arab Emirates 12.00 2003 294 United Arab Emirates 12.00 2003 295 Turks and Caicos Islands 12.00 2005 296 Turkey 12.00 2008 297 Turkey 12.00 2008 298 Trinidad and Tobago 12.00 2005 299 Thailand 12.00 2009 300 Thailand 12.00 2009 301 Tajikistan 12.00 2008 302 Suriname 12.00 2002 303 Samoa 12.00 2001 304 Samoa 12.00 2001 305 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12.00 2005 306 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12.00 2005 307 Saint Kitts and Nevis 12.00 2005 308 Saint Kitts and Nevis 12.00 2005 309 Qatar 12.00 2008 310 Philippines 12.00 2008 311 Philippines 12.00 2008 312 Philippines 12.00 2008 313 Paraguay 12.00 2007 314 Paraguay 12.00 2007 315 Paraguay 12.00 2007 316 Niue 12.00 2005 317 Niue 12.00 2005 318 Niue 12.00 2005 319 Namibia 12.00 2008 320 Namibia 12.00 2008 321 Namibia 12.00 2008 322 Moldova 12.00 2008 323 Moldova 12.00 2008 324 Maldives 12.00 2006 325 Maldives 12.00 2006 326 Malaysia 12.00 2007 327 Macedonia 12.00 2007 328 Macedonia 12.00 2007 329 Macedonia 12.00 2007 330 Kyrgyzstan 12.00 2008 331 Kuwait 12.00 2006 332 Kuwait 12.00 2006 333 Kiribati 12.00 2005 334 Kiribati 12.00 2005 335 Honduras 12.00 2008 336 Guyana 12.00 2008 337 Guyana 12.00 2008 338 Guyana 12.00 2008 339 Gabon 12.00 1999 340 El Salvador 12.00 2008 341 El Salvador 12.00 2008 342 El Salvador 12.00 2008 343 Dominican Republic 12.00 2004 344 Dominica 12.00 2008 345 Costa Rica 12.00 2005 346 Costa Rica 12.00 2005 347 Costa Rica 12.00 2005 348 Comoros 12.00 2004 349 China 12.00 2008 350 Cape Verde 12.00 2006 351 Cape Verde 12.00 2006 352 Botswana 12.00 2006 353 Botswana 12.00 2006 354 Botswana 12.00 2006 355 Bhutan 12.00 2008 356 Andorra 12.00 2008 357 Armenia 12.00 2007 358 Armenia 12.00 2007 359 Belize 12.00 2004 360 Belize 12.00 2004 361 Afghanistan 11.00 2004 362 Albania 11.00 2004 363 Anguilla 11.00 2008 364 Liberia 11.00 2000 365 Iraq 11.00 2005 366 India 11.00 2007 367 Honduras 11.00 2008 368 Honduras 11.00 2008 369 Guatemala 11.00 2007 370 Guatemala 11.00 2007 371 Egypt 11.00 2004 372 Dominican Republic 11.00 2004 373 Comoros 11.00 2004 374 China 11.00 2008 375 China 11.00 2008 376 Cape Verde 11.00 2006 377 Cameroon 11.00 2008 378 Bhutan 11.00 2008 379 Turks and Caicos Islands 11.00 2005 380 Turkey 11.00 2008 381 Trinidad and Tobago 11.00 2005 382 Trinidad and Tobago 11.00 2005 383 Tokelau 11.00 2004 384 Tokelau 11.00 2004 385 Togo 11.00 2007 386 Timor-Leste 11.00 2002 387 Sao Tome and Principe 11.00 2009 388 Vanuatu 11.00 2004 389 Uzbekistan 11.00 2008 390 Uzbekistan 11.00 2008 391 United Arab Emirates 11.00 2003 392 Uganda 11.00 2008 393 Tuvalu 11.00 2001 394 Tuvalu 11.00 2001 395 Tuvalu 11.00 2001 396 Turks and Caicos Islands 11.00 2005 397 Yemen 11.00 2005 398 Vietnam 11.00 2001 399 Rwanda 11.00 2008 400 Oman 11.00 2008 401 Oman 11.00 2008 402 Oman 11.00 2008 403 Nicaragua 11.00 2003 404 Nicaragua 11.00 2003 405 Nicaragua 11.00 2003 406 Morocco 11.00 2006 407 Tajikistan 11.00 2008 408 Swaziland 11.00 2006 409 Suriname 11.00 2002 410 Sao Tome and Principe 11.00 2009 411 Sao Tome and Principe 11.00 2009 412 Bhutan 11.00 2008 413 Armenia 11.00 2007 414 Anguilla 11.00 2008 415 Anguilla 11.00 2008 416 Andorra 11.00 2008 417 Albania 11.00 2004 418 Albania 11.00 2004 419 Benin 10.00 2005 420 Guinea 10.00 2008 421 Guatemala 10.00 2007 422 Ghana 10.00 2007 423 Ghana 10.00 2007 424 Cote d'Ivoire 10.00 2000 425 Cook Islands 10.00 2005 426 Cook Islands 10.00 2005 427 Cook Islands 10.00 2005 428 Congo, Republic of the 10.00 2003 429 Zimbabwe 10.00 2003 430 Vietnam 10.00 2001 431 Vietnam 10.00 2001 432 Vanuatu 10.00 2004 433 Vanuatu 10.00 2004 434 Uganda 10.00 2008 435 Uganda 10.00 2008 436 Tokelau 10.00 2004 437 Togo 10.00 2007 438 Tajikistan 10.00 2008 439 Swaziland 10.00 2006 440 Swaziland 10.00 2006 441 Nigeria 10.00 2005 442 Nepal 10.00 2003 443 Morocco 10.00 2006 444 Madagascar 10.00 2008 445 Madagascar 10.00 2008 446 Madagascar 10.00 2008 447 Lesotho 10.00 2006 448 Lesotho 10.00 2006 449 Lesotho 10.00 2006 450 Laos 10.00 2008 451 Kenya 10.00 2005 452 Kenya 10.00 2005 453 Iraq 10.00 2005 454 India 10.00 2007 455 India 10.00 2007 456 Comoros 10.00 2004 457 Cameroon 10.00 2008 458 Cambodia 10.00 2007 459 Cambodia 10.00 2007 460 Burundi 10.00 2008 461 Benin 9.00 2005 462 Burma 9.00 2007 463 Congo, Republic of the 9.00 2003 464 Nauru 9.00 2006 465 Mozambique 9.00 2005 466 Morocco 9.00 2006 467 Mali 9.00 2009 468 Malawi 9.00 2007 469 Malawi 9.00 2007 470 Malawi 9.00 2007 471 Liberia 9.00 2000 472 Laos 9.00 2008 473 Solomon Islands 9.00 2006 474 Solomon Islands 9.00 2006 475 Solomon Islands 9.00 2006 476 Sierra Leone 9.00 2001 477 Rwanda 9.00 2008 478 Rwanda 9.00 2008 479 Nigeria 9.00 2005 480 Nepal 9.00 2003 481 Nauru 9.00 2006 482 Kenya 9.00 2005 483 Guinea-Bissau 9.00 2006 484 Guinea 9.00 2008 485 Ghana 9.00 2007 486 Gambia, The 9.00 2004 487 Ethiopia 9.00 2008 488 Equatorial Guinea 9.00 2000 489 Congo, Republic of the 9.00 2003 490 Zimbabwe 9.00 2003 491 Zimbabwe 9.00 2003 492 Yemen 9.00 2005 493 Laos 9.00 2008 494 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 9.00 2008 495 Cameroon 9.00 2008 496 Cambodia 9.00 2007 497 Burundi 9.00 2008 498 Afghanistan 8.00 2004 499 Bangladesh 8.00 2007 500 Bangladesh 8.00 2007 501 Bangladesh 8.00 2007 502 Senegal 8.00 2008 503 Senegal 8.00 2008 504 Pakistan 8.00 2008 505 Nigeria 8.00 2005 506 Nepal 8.00 2003 507 Nauru 8.00 2006 508 Mozambique 8.00 2005 509 Mauritania 8.00 2007 510 Mauritania 8.00 2007 511 Mauritania 8.00 2007 512 Mali 8.00 2009 513 Iraq 8.00 2005 514 Guinea-Bissau 8.00 2006 515 Ethiopia 8.00 2008 516 Ethiopia 8.00 2008 517 Equatorial Guinea 8.00 2000 518 Zambia 8.00 2000 519 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 8.00 2008 520 Chad 8.00 2005 521 Central African Republic 8.00 2009 522 Burma 8.00 2007 523 Burma 8.00 2007 524 Burkina Faso 7.00 2009 525 Burundi 7.00 2008 526 Central African Republic 7.00 2009 527 Sierra Leone 7.00 2001 528 Senegal 7.00 2008 529 Pakistan 7.00 2008 530 Mozambique 7.00 2005 531 Mali 7.00 2009 532 Guinea 7.00 2008 533 Gambia, The 7.00 2004 534 Gambia, The 7.00 2004 535 Eritrea 7.00 2004 536 Zambia 7.00 2000 537 Zambia 7.00 2000 538 Yemen 7.00 2005 539 Togo 7.00 2007 540 Equatorial Guinea 7.00 2000 541 Benin 6.00 2005 542 Burkina Faso 6.00 2009 543 Burkina Faso 6.00 2009 544 Chad 6.00 2005 545 Cote d'Ivoire 6.00 2000 546 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.00 2008 547 Eritrea 6.00 2004 548 Sierra Leone 6.00 2001 549 Pakistan 6.00 2008 550 Afghanistan 5.00 2004 551 Central African Republic 5.00 2009 552 Djibouti 5.00 2007 553 Djibouti 5.00 2007 554 Guinea-Bissau 5.00 2006 555 Niger 5.00 2009 556 Tanzania 5.00 1999 557 Tanzania 5.00 1999 558 Tanzania 5.00 1999 559 Niger 5.00 2009 560 Eritrea 5.00 2004 561 Cote d'Ivoire 5.00 2000 562 Chad 4.00 2005 563 Djibouti 4.00 2007 564 Sudan 4.00 2000 565 Niger 4.00 2009

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Rank code: 2206

Country Comparison :: Education expenditures

This entry provides the public expenditure on education as a percent of GDP.

Rank country (% of GDP) Date of Information

1 Kiribati 17.80 2002 2 Cuba 13.60 2008 3 Lesotho 12.40 2008 4 Marshall Islands 12.30 2004 5 Palau 10.30 2002 6 Saint Kitts and Nevis 9.90 2005 7 Uzbekistan 9.40 1991 8 Djibouti 8.70 2007 9 Moldova 8.20 2008 10 Botswana 8.10 2007 11 Maldives 8.10 2008 12 Denmark 7.90 2006 13 Swaziland 7.90 2008 14 Comoros 7.60 2008 15 Iceland 7.50 2007 16 Micronesia, Federated States of 7.30 2000 17 Burundi 7.20 2008 18 Tunisia 7.20 2007 19 Cyprus 7.10 2007 20 Timor-Leste 7.10 2008 21 Kenya 7.00 2006 22 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7.00 2007 23 Namibia 6.90 2008 24 Vanuatu 6.90 2008 25 Tanzania 6.80 2008 26 Barbados 6.70 2008 27 Norway 6.70 2007 28 Sweden 6.70 2007 29 Kyrgyzstan 6.60 2007 30 Israel 6.40 2007 31 Bolivia 6.30 2006 32 Saint Lucia 6.30 2008 33 Fiji 6.20 2004 34 Jamaica 6.20 2008 35 New Zealand 6.20 2007 36 Belgium 6.10 2007 37 Guyana 6.10 2007 38 Sudan 6.00 1991 39 Cape Verde 5.70 2008 40 Morocco 5.70 2008 41 Saudi Arabia 5.70 2008 42 France 5.60 2006 43 United Kingdom 5.60 2007 44 Ethiopia 5.50 2007 45 Netherlands 5.50 2006 46 United States 5.50 2007 47 Austria 5.40 2007 48 Hungary 5.40 2006 49 South Africa 5.40 2009 50 Samoa 5.40 2008 51 Finland 5.40 2007 52 Ghana 5.40 2005 53 Switzerland 5.30 2007 54 Ukraine 5.30 2007 55 Vietnam 5.30 2008 56 Belarus 5.20 2007 57 Slovenia 5.20 2007 58 Grenada 5.20 2003 59 Guinea-Bissau 5.20 1999 60 Yemen 5.20 2008 61 Brazil 5.20 2007 62 Belize 5.10 2007 63 Bhutan 5.10 2008 64 Senegal 5.10 2008 65 Mongolia 5.10 2007 66 Costa Rica 5.00 2008 67 Latvia 5.00 2007 68 Estonia 5.00 2007 69 Seychelles 5.00 2006 70 Mozambique 5.00 2006 71 Argentina 4.90 2007 72 Jordan 4.90 1999 73 Ireland 4.90 2007 74 Aruba 4.90 2007 75 Canada 4.90 2007 76 Thailand 4.90 2008 77 Syria 4.90 2007 78 Poland 4.90 2007 79 Dominica 4.80 2008 80 Iran 4.80 2008 81 Malta 4.80 2004 82 Mexico 4.80 2007 83 Australia 4.70 2007 84 Tonga 4.70 2004 85 Lithuania 4.70 2007 86 Burkina Faso 4.60 2007 87 Zimbabwe 4.60 2000 88 Czech Republic 4.60 2006 89 Cote d'Ivoire 4.60 2008 90 Malaysia 4.50 2007 91 Serbia 4.50 2007 92 Germany 4.40 2006 93 Spain 4.40 2007 94 Romania 4.40 2007 95 Mauritania 4.40 2008 96 Portugal 4.40 2008 97 Monaco 4.40 2004 98 Algeria 4.30 2008 99 Italy 4.30 2007 100 Korea, South 4.20 2007 101 Malawi 4.20 2003 102 Trinidad and Tobago 4.20 2002 103 Bulgaria 4.10 2007 104 Rwanda 4.10 2008 105 Greece 4.00 2005 106 Paraguay 4.00 2008 107 Oman 4.00 2006 108 Antigua and Barbuda 3.90 2002 109 Russia 3.90 2006 110 Turkmenistan 3.90 1991 111 Colombia 3.90 2008 112 Croatia 3.90 2004 113 Egypt 3.80 2008 114 Sierra Leone 3.80 2005 115 Panama 3.80 2008 116 Nepal 3.80 2008 117 Mali 3.80 2008 118 Kuwait 3.80 2006 119 Honduras 3.80 1991 120 Gabon 3.80 2000 121 Brunei 3.70 2000 122 Venezuela 3.70 2007 123 Togo 3.70 2007 124 Niger 3.70 2008 125 Luxembourg 3.70 2001 126 Japan 3.70 2007 127 Bahamas, The 3.60 2000 128 El Salvador 3.60 2008 129 Slovakia 3.60 2007 130 Benin 3.60 2007 131 Anguilla 3.50 2008 132 Tajikistan 3.50 2008 133 Macedonia 3.50 2002 134 Indonesia 3.50 2007 135 Chile 3.40 2007 136 Mauritius 3.40 2009 137 Hong Kong 3.30 2008 138 Montserrat 3.30 2004 139 Uganda 3.30 2009 140 Qatar 3.30 2005 141 Andorra 3.20 2008 142 India 3.20 2006 143 Guatemala 3.20 2008 144 Singapore 3.20 2009 145 British Virgin Islands 3.20 2007 146 Nicaragua 3.10 2003 147 Armenia 3.00 2007 148 Albania 2.90 2002 149 Bahrain 2.90 2008 150 Cameroon 2.90 2008 151 Georgia 2.90 2008 152 Madagascar 2.90 2008 153 Pakistan 2.90 2008 154 Uruguay 2.90 2006 155 Turkey 2.90 2006 156 Kazakhstan 2.80 2007 157 Liberia 2.70 2008 158 Peru 2.70 2008 159 Libya 2.70 1999 160 Angola 2.60 2006 161 Cayman Islands 2.60 2006 162 Philippines 2.60 2007 163 Bangladesh 2.40 2008 164 Laos 2.30 2008 165 Dominican Republic 2.20 2007 166 Macau 2.20 2008 167 Solomon Islands 2.20 1999 168 Eritrea 2.00 2006 169 Lebanon 2.00 2008 170 Gambia, The 2.00 2004 171 Azerbaijan 1.90 2008 172 China 1.90 1999 173 Chad 1.90 2005 174 Congo, Republic of the 1.90 2005 175 Guinea 1.70 2008 176 Cambodia 1.60 2007 177 Haiti 1.40 1991 178 Zambia 1.40 2008 179 Central African Republic 1.30 2007 180 Bermuda 1.20 2006 181 Burma 1.20 2001 182 Ecuador 1.00 2001 183 Nigeria 0.90 1991 184 United Arab Emirates 0.90 2008 185 Equatorial Guinea 0.60 2003 186 Cook Islands 0.20 2001

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Rank code: 2207

Country Comparison :: Central bank discount rate

This entry provides the annualized interest rate a country's central bank charges commercial, depository banks for loans to meet temporary shortages of funds.

Rank country (%) Date of Information

1 Zimbabwe 975.00 31 December 2007 2 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 40.00 31 December 2008 3 Venezuela 33.50 31 December 2008 4 Sao Tome and Principe 28.00 31 December 2008 5 Costa Rica 25.00 31 December 2008 6 Turkey 25.00 31 December 2008 7 Guinea 22.25 31 December 2005 8 Iceland 22.00 31 December 2008 9 Brazil 20.48 31 December 2008 10 Paraguay 20.00 31 December 2007 11 Uruguay 20.00 31 December 2008 12 Angola 19.57 31 December 2008 13 Uganda 19.42 31 December 2008 14 Serbia 17.75 31 December 2008 15 Ghana 17.00 31 December 2008 16 Iraq 16.75 31 December 2008 17 Tanzania 15.99 31 December 2008 18 Kyrgyzstan 15.11 31 December 2008 19 Botswana 15.00 31 December 2008 20 Pakistan 15.00 31 December 2008 21 Malawi 15.00 31 December 2008 22 Mongolia 14.78 31 December 2008 23 Zambia 14.49 31 December 2008 24 Lesotho 14.05 31 December 2008 25 Tajikistan 13.50 31 December 2008 26 Bolivia 13.00 31 December 2008 27 Maldives 13.00 31 December 2008 28 Russia 13.00 31 December 2008 29 Rwanda 12.50 31 December 2007 30 Belarus 12.00 31 December 2008 31 Belize 12.00 31 December 2008 32 Ukraine 12.00 31 December 2008 33 Mauritania 12.00 31 December 2007 34 Burma 12.00 31 December 2008 35 Lebanon 12.00 31 December 2008 36 Egypt 11.50 31 December 2008 37 South Africa 11.50 31 December 2008 38 Gambia, The 11.00 31 December 2008 39 Swaziland 11.00 31 December 2008 40 Indonesia 10.83 31 December 2008 41 Trinidad and Tobago 10.75 31 December 2008 42 Kazakhstan 10.50 31 December 2008 43 Vietnam 10.25 31 December 2008 44 Burundi 10.08 31 December 2008 45 Barbados 10.00 31 December 2008 46 Hungary 10.00 31 December 2008 47 Namibia 10.00 31 December 2008 48 Mozambique 9.95 31 December 2008 49 Nigeria 9.75 31 December 2008 50 Ecuador 9.14 31 December 2008 51 Croatia 9.00 31 December 2008 52 Chile 8.25 31 December 2008 53 Azerbaijan 8.00 31 December 2008 54 Cape Verde 7.50 31 December 2008 55 Sri Lanka 7.50 31 December 2009 56 Armenia 7.25 2 December 2008 57 Peru 7.25 31 December 2008 58 Papua New Guinea 7.00 31 December 2008 59 Guyana 6.75 31 December 2008 60 Anguilla 6.50 31 December 2008 61 Dominica 6.50 31 December 2008 62 Macedonia 6.50 31 December 2008 63 Saint Lucia 6.50 31 December 2008 64 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.50 31 December 2008 65 Saint Kitts and Nevis 6.50 31 December 2008 66 Nepal 6.50 31 December 2009 67 Montserrat 6.50 31 December 2008 68 Grenada 6.50 31 December 2008 69 Antigua and Barbuda 6.50 31 December 2008 70 Fiji 6.32 31 December 2008 71 Albania 6.25 31 December 2008 72 Norway 6.25 31 December 2007 73 Jordan 6.25 31 December 2008 74 India 6.00 31 December 2008 75 Latvia 6.00 31 December 2008 76 Philippines 6.00 31 December 2008 77 Vanuatu 6.00 31 December 2008 78 Bulgaria 5.77 31 December 2008 79 Colombia 5.50 31 December 2009 80 Qatar 5.50 31 December 2008 81 Comoros 5.36 31 December 2008 82 Bahamas, The 5.25 31 December 2008 83 Cambodia 5.25 31 December 2007 84 Seychelles 5.13 31 December 2007 85 Aruba 5.00 31 December 2008 86 Bangladesh 5.00 31 December 2008 87 Libya 5.00 31 December 2008 88 Syria 5.00 31 December 2008 89 Poland 5.00 31 December 2008 90 New Zealand 5.00 31 December 2008 91 Benin 4.75 31 December 2008 92 Central African Republic 4.75 31 December 2008 93 Chad 4.75 31 December 2008 94 Togo 4.75 31 December 2008 95 Senegal 4.75 31 December 2008 96 Niger 4.75 31 December 2008 97 Mali 4.75 31 December 2008 98 Guinea-Bissau 4.75 31 December 2008 99 Gabon 4.75 31 December 2008 100 Equatorial Guinea 4.75 31 December 2008 101 Cote d'Ivoire 4.75 31 December 2008 102 Congo, Republic of the 4.75 31 December 2008 103 Burkina Faso 4.75 31 December 2008 104 Cameroon 4.75 31 December 2008 105 Lithuania 4.73 31 December 2008 106 Australia 4.25 3 December 2008 107 Algeria 4.00 31 December 2008 108 Laos 4.00 31 December 2009 109 Kuwait 3.75 31 December 2008 110 Denmark 3.50 31 December 2008 111 Sweden 3.50 31 December 2007 112 Morocco 3.32 31 December 2008 113 Belgium 3.00 31 December 2008 114 Finland 3.00 31 December 2008 115 Cyprus 3.00 31 December 2008 116 France 3.00 31 December 2008 117 Greece 3.00 31 December 2008 118 Ireland 3.00 31 December 2008 119 Italy 3.00 31 December 2008 120 Germany 3.00 31 December 2008 121 European Union 3.00 31 December 2008 122 Spain 3.00 31 December 2008 123 Slovenia 3.00 31 December 2008 124 Slovakia 3.00 31 December 2008 125 Portugal 3.00 31 December 2008 126 Netherlands 3.00 31 December 2008 127 Malta 3.00 31 December 2008 128 Luxembourg 3.00 31 December 2008 129 China 2.79 31 December 2008 130 Israel 2.50 31 December 2008 131 Czech Republic 2.25 31 December 2008 132 Canada 1.75 31 December 2008 133 Korea, South 1.75 31 December 2008 134 Thailand 1.25 31 December 2009 135 Oman 0.91 31 December 2008 136 United Kingdom 0.86 31 December 2008 137 United States 0.86 31 December 2008 138 Hong Kong 0.50 31 December 2008 139 Japan 0.30 31 December 2008 140 Switzerland 0.05 31 December 2008

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Rank code: 2208

Country Comparison :: Commercial bank prime lending rate

This entry provides a simple average of annualized interest rates commercial banks charge on new loans, denominated in the national currency, to their most credit-worthy customers.

Rank country (%) Date of Information

1 Zimbabwe 578.96 31 December 2007 2 Brazil 47.25 31 December 2008 est. 3 Madagascar 45.00 31 December 2008 est. 4 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 43.15 31 December 2008 est. 5 Sao Tome and Principe 32.40 31 December 2008 est. 6 Gambia, The 27.92 31 December 2007 7 Paraguay 25.81 31 December 2008 est. 8 Malawi 25.28 31 December 2008 est. 9 Sierra Leone 24.50 31 December 2008 est. 10 Tajikistan 23.70 31 December 2008 est. 11 Peru 23.67 31 December 2008 est. 12 Venezuela 22.37 31 December 2008 est. 13 Mauritius 21.54 31 December 2008 est. 14 Georgia 21.24 31 December 2008 est. 15 Moldova 21.06 31 December 2008 est. 16 Mongolia 20.58 31 December 2008 est. 17 Uganda 20.45 31 December 2008 est. 18 Dominican Republic 19.95 31 December 2008 est. 19 Kyrgyzstan 19.86 31 December 2008 est. 20 Azerbaijan 19.76 31 December 2008 est. 21 Iraq 19.50 31 December 2008 est. 22 Argentina 19.47 31 December 2008 est. 23 Iceland 19.29 31 December 2007 24 Zambia 19.06 31 December 2008 est. 25 Mozambique 18.31 31 December 2008 est. 26 Serbia 18.11 31 December 2008 est. 27 Yemen 18.00 31 December 2008 est. 28 Honduras 17.94 31 December 2008 est. 29 Haiti 17.81 31 December 2008 est. 30 Ukraine 17.49 31 December 2008 est. 31 Colombia 17.18 31 December 2008 est. 32 Armenia 17.05 31 December 2008 est. 33 Burma 17.00 31 December 2008 est. 34 Jamaica 16.83 31 December 2008 est. 35 Botswana 16.54 31 December 2008 est. 36 Burundi 16.52 31 December 2008 est. 37 Rwanda 16.51 31 December 2008 est. 38 Bangladesh 16.38 31 December 2008 est. 39 Lesotho 16.19 31 December 2008 est. 40 Cambodia 16.01 31 December 2008 41 Sri Lanka 15.89 31 December 2008 42 Costa Rica 15.83 31 December 2008 est. 43 Nigeria 15.48 31 December 2008 est. 44 South Africa 15.13 31 December 2008 est. 45 Liberia 15.05 31 December 2007 46 Romania 14.99 31 December 2008 est. 47 Tanzania 14.98 31 December 2008 est. 48 Afghanistan 14.92 31 December 2008 est. 49 Swaziland 14.83 31 December 2008 est. 50 Guyana 14.58 31 December 2008 est. 51 Solomon Islands 14.44 31 December 2008 est. 52 Micronesia, Federated States of 14.38 31 December 2008 est. 53 Belize 14.14 31 December 2008 est. 54 Kenya 14.02 31 December 2008 est. 55 Kosovo 13.79 31 December 2008 est. 56 Namibia 13.74 31 December 2008 est. 57 Indonesia 13.60 31 December 2008 est. 58 Guatemala 13.39 31 December 2008 est. 59 India 13.31 31 December 2008 est. 60 Chile 13.26 31 December 2008 est. 61 Nicaragua 13.17 31 December 2008 est. 62 Timor-Leste 13.11 31 December 2008 est. 63 Albania 13.02 31 December 2008 est. 64 Maldives 13.00 31 December 2008 est. 65 Samoa 12.66 31 December 2008 est. 66 Angola 12.53 31 December 2008 est. 67 Tonga 12.46 31 December 2008 est. 68 Uruguay 12.45 31 December 2008 est. 69 Trinidad and Tobago 12.44 31 December 2008 est. 70 Bolivia 12.36 31 December 2009 est. 71 Egypt 12.33 31 December 2008 est. 72 Russia 12.23 31 December 2008 est. 73 New Zealand 12.21 31 December 2008 est. 74 Suriname 12.20 31 December 2008 est. 75 Iran 12.00 31 December 2008 est. 76 Latvia 11.85 31 December 2008 est. 77 Seychelles 11.81 31 December 2008 est. 78 Djibouti 11.56 31 December 2008 est. 79 Italy 11.31 31 December 2008 est. 80 Aruba 11.23 31 December 2008 est. 81 Vietnam 11.18 31 December 2007 82 Spain 11.02 31 December 2008 est. 83 Laos 11.00 30 November 2009 84 Bulgaria 10.86 31 December 2008 est. 85 Comoros 10.50 31 December 2008 est. 86 Antigua and Barbuda 10.43 31 December 2008 est. 87 Syria 10.19 31 December 2008 est. 88 Hungary 10.18 31 December 2008 est. 89 Saint Lucia 10.08 31 December 2008 est. 90 Croatia 10.07 31 December 2008 est. 91 Barbados 10.03 31 December 2008 est. 92 Cape Verde 9.99 31 December 2008 est. 93 Lebanon 9.96 31 December 2008 est. 94 Montserrat 9.89 31 December 2008 est. 95 Macedonia 9.68 31 December 2008 est. 96 Netherlands 9.66 31 December 2008 est. 97 Grenada 9.53 31 December 2008 est. 98 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9.52 31 December 2008 est. 99 Anguilla 9.51 31 December 2008 est. 100 Montenegro 9.24 31 December 2008 est. 101 Papua New Guinea 9.20 31 December 2008 est. 102 Ecuador 9.14 31 December 2008 103 Dominica 9.06 31 December 2008 est. 104 Jordan 9.03 31 December 2008 est. 105 Australia 8.91 31 December 2008 est. 106 Philippines 8.75 31 December 2008 est. 107 Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.75 31 December 2008 est. 108 Mexico 8.71 31 December 2008 est. 109 Greece 8.65 31 December 2008 est. 110 European Union 8.58 31 December 2008 est. 111 Belarus 8.55 31 December 2008 est. 112 Estonia 8.55 31 December 2008 est. 113 Lithuania 8.41 31 December 2008 est. 114 Portugal 8.35 31 December 2008 est. 115 Panama 8.16 31 December 2008 est. 116 France 8.13 31 December 2008 est. 117 Algeria 8.00 31 December 2008 est. 118 Nepal 8.00 31 December 2008 est. 119 Fiji 7.97 31 December 2008 est. 120 El Salvador 7.81 31 December 2007 121 Kuwait 7.61 31 December 2008 est. 122 Slovenia 7.41 31 December 2008 est. 123 Norway 7.28 31 December 2008 est. 124 Cyprus 7.19 31 December 2008 est. 125 West Bank 7.19 31 December 2008 est. 126 Korea, South 7.17 31 December 2008 est. 127 Oman 7.10 31 December 2008 est. 128 Belgium 7.03 31 December 2008 est. 129 Ethiopia 7.00 31 December 2006 130 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.98 31 December 2008 est. 131 Qatar 6.84 31 December 2008 est. 132 Austria 6.82 31 December 2008 est. 133 Ireland 6.76 31 December 2008 est. 134 Czech Republic 6.25 31 December 2008 est. 135 Malaysia 6.08 31 December 2008 est. 136 Israel 6.06 31 December 2008 est. 137 Libya 6.00 31 December 2007 138 Germany 5.97 31 December 2008 est. 139 Thailand 5.96 31 December 2009 140 Malta 5.89 31 December 2008 est. 141 Finland 5.79 31 December 2008 est. 142 Poland 5.72 31 December 2007 est. 143 Bahamas, The 5.50 31 December 2008 est. 144 Brunei 5.50 31 December 2008 est. 145 Macau 5.43 31 December 2008 est. 146 Singapore 5.38 31 December 2008 est. 147 China 5.31 31 December 2009 est. 148 Vanuatu 5.29 31 December 2008 est. 149 United States 5.09 31 December 2008 est. 150 Hong Kong 5.00 31 December 2008 est. 151 Canada 4.73 31 December 2008 est. 152 United Kingdom 4.63 31 December 2008 est. 153 Taiwan 4.06 31 December 2008 est. 154 Switzerland 3.34 31 December 2008 est. 155 Japan 1.91 31 December 2008 est.

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Rank code: 2209

Country Comparison :: Stock of money

Rank country Stock of money Date of Information

1 European Union $ 5,542,000,000,000 31 December 2008 2 Japan $ 5,417,000,000,000 31 December 2008 3 China $ 2,434,000,000,000 31 December 2008 4 United States $ 1,436,000,000,000 31 December 2008 5 Burma $ 622,600,000,000 31 December 2008 6 Canada $ 356,200,000,000 31 December 2008 7 India $ 278,800,000,000 31 December 2009 8 Switzerland $ 275,500,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 9 Russia $ 252,500,000,000 31 December 2008 10 Australia $ 248,500,000,000 31 December 2008 11 Sweden $ 185,400,000,000 31 December 2008 12 Denmark $ 155,600,000,000 31 December 2009 13 Hong Kong $ 127,300,000,000 31 December 2009 14 Brazil $ 125,000,000,000 30 November 2009 15 Poland $ 118,200,000,000 31 December 2008 16 Mexico $ 115,900,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 17 Saudi Arabia $ 113,600,000,000 31 December 2008 18 Czech Republic $ 86,560,000,000 31 December 2008 19 Venezuela $ 78,090,000,000 31 December 2008 20 Syria $ 73,540,000,000 31 December 2008 21 Korea, South $ 73,160,000,000 31 December 2008 22 Morocco $ 69,250,000,000 31 December 2008 23 Algeria $ 60,910,000,000 31 December 2008 24 United Arab Emirates $ 56,710,000,000 31 December 2008 25 Singapore $ 52,570,000,000 31 December 2008 26 Malaysia $ 51,510,000,000 31 December 2008 27 Iran $ 44,790,000,000 31 December 2008 28 South Africa $ 44,660,000,000 31 December 2008 29 Indonesia $ 41,710,000,000 31 December 2008 30 Turkey $ 37,100,000,000 31 December 2009 31 Thailand $ 35,350,000,000 31 December 2009 32 Nigeria $ 35,290,000,000 31 December 2008 33 Argentina $ 32,570,000,000 31 December 2008 34 Egypt $ 31,720,000,000 31 December 2008 35 Hungary $ 30,270,000,000 31 December 2009 36 Libya $ 26,660,000,000 31 December 2008 37 Iraq $ 26,100,000,000 31 December 2008 38 Vietnam $ 25,520,000,000 31 December 2008 39 Romania $ 25,300,000,000 31 December 2008 40 Colombia $ 25,010,000,000 31 December 2009 41 Ukraine $ 24,700,000,000 31 December 2009 42 Philippines $ 24,320,000,000 30 November 2009 43 New Zealand $ 20,170,000,000 31 December 2008 44 Israel $ 18,900,000,000 31 December 2008 45 Kazakhstan $ 16,120,000,000 31 December 2008 46 Kuwait $ 16,050,000,000 31 December 2009 47 Peru $ 15,480,000,000 31 December 2008 48 Chile $ 14,720,000,000 31 December 2008 49 Qatar $ 14,590,000,000 31 December 2009 50 Bulgaria $ 12,630,000,000 31 December 2009 51 Slovenia $ 10,500,000,000 30 September 2009 52 Bangladesh $ 10,350,000,000 30 September 2009 53 Tunisia $ 10,070,000,000 31 December 2009 54 Croatia $ 9,270,000,000 31 December 2009 55 Ecuador $ 9,215,000,000 31 December 2009 56 Lithuania $ 8,550,000,000 January 2010 57 Angola $ 8,446,000,000 31 December 2008 58 Jordan $ 7,781,000,000 31 December 2008 59 Latvia $ 6,688,000,000 31 December 2008 60 Azerbaijan $ 6,381,000,000 31 December 2008 61 Sudan $ 6,256,000,000 31 December 2008 62 Estonia $ 6,106,000,000 31 December 2008 63 Guatemala $ 6,106,000,000 31 December 2008 64 Kenya $ 6,068,000,000 31 December 2008 65 Oman $ 5,250,000,000 31 December 2008 66 Bahrain $ 4,997,000,000 31 December 2008 67 Ethiopia $ 4,930,000,000 31 December 2008 68 Belarus $ 4,872,000,000 31 December 2008 69 Iceland $ 4,830,000,000 30 September 2009 70 Malta $ 4,639,000,000 31 January 2008 71 Macau $ 4,550,000,000 31 December 2009 72 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 4,490,000,000 31 December 2008 73 Cote d'Ivoire $ 4,242,000,000 31 December 2008 74 Costa Rica $ 4,209,000,000 31 December 2008 75 Bolivia $ 3,998,000,000 31 December 2008 76 Panama $ 3,764,000,000 31 December 2008 77 Serbia $ 3,690,000,000 31 December 2009 78 Dominican Republic $ 3,619,000,000 31 December 2008 79 Yemen $ 3,489,000,000 31 October 2009 80 Brunei $ 3,374,000,000 30 March 2009 81 Lebanon $ 3,212,000,000 30 November 2009 82 Trinidad and Tobago $ 3,047,000,000 31 December 2008 83 Albania $ 3,028,000,000 31 December 2008 84 Cameroon $ 2,881,000,000 31 December 2008 85 Senegal $ 2,658,000,000 31 December 2008 86 Nepal $ 2,530,000,000 31 July 2009 87 Tanzania $ 2,464,000,000 31 December 2008 88 Sri Lanka $ 2,462,000,000 31 December 2008 89 Uruguay $ 2,247,000,000 31 December 2008 90 Paraguay $ 2,062,000,000 31 December 2008 91 Papua New Guinea $ 2,005,000,000 31 December 2008 92 Namibia $ 1,983,000,000 31 December 2008 93 Congo, Republic of the $ 1,811,000,000 31 December 2008 94 Afghanistan $ 1,688,000,000 31 December 2008 95 Mauritius $ 1,680,000,000 31 December 2008 96 Gabon $ 1,643,000,000 31 December 2008 97 Barbados $ 1,637,000,000 31 December 2008 98 Honduras $ 1,633,000,000 31 December 2008 99 Benin $ 1,592,000,000 31 December 2008 100 Mali $ 1,559,000,000 31 December 2008 101 Uganda $ 1,483,000,000 31 December 2008 102 Mozambique $ 1,406,000,000 31 December 2008 103 Armenia $ 1,359,000,000 31 December 2008 104 Bahamas, The $ 1,255,000,000 31 December 2008 105 Jamaica $ 1,253,000,000 31 December 2008 106 Macedonia $ 1,224,000,000 31 December 2009 107 Madagascar $ 1,216,000,000 31 December 2008 108 Moldova $ 1,116,000,000 31 December 2008 109 Equatorial Guinea $ 1,110,000,000 31 December 2008 110 Georgia $ 1,077,000,000 31 December 2009 111 Burkina Faso $ 1,068,000,000 31 December 2008 112 Zambia $ 1,034,000,000 31 December 2008 113 Botswana $ 1,008,000,000 31 December 2008 114 Chad $ 934,900,000 31 December 2008 115 Eritrea $ 896,200,000 31 December 2008 116 Slovakia $ 847,300,000 31 December 2008 117 Montenegro $ 816,800,000 31 December 2008 118 Aruba $ 781,000,000 31 December 2008 119 Fiji $ 738,600,000 31 December 2008 120 Togo $ 712,600,000 31 December 2008 121 Laos $ 691,100,000 31 December 2009 122 Tajikistan $ 656,100,000 31 December 2008 123 Niger $ 617,900,000 31 December 2008 124 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 613,900,000 31 December 2008 125 Cambodia $ 591,700,000 31 December 2008 126 Cape Verde $ 563,400,000 31 December 2008 127 Nicaragua $ 507,500,000 31 December 2008 128 Malawi $ 502,100,000 31 December 2008 129 Suriname $ 484,700,000 31 December 2008 130 Djibouti $ 462,700,000 31 December 2008 131 Maldives $ 460,000,000 31 October 2009 132 Mongolia $ 451,400,000 31 December 2009 133 Lesotho $ 416,500,000 31 December 2008 134 Belize $ 345,700,000 31 December 2008 135 Guyana $ 344,200,000 31 December 2008 136 Cayman Islands $ 334,300,000 31 December 2008 137 Antigua and Barbuda $ 296,400,000 31 December 2008 138 Burundi $ 261,600,000 31 December 2008 139 Saint Lucia $ 261,300,000 31 December 2008 140 Central African Republic $ 241,300,000 31 December 2008 141 Rwanda $ 233,600,000 31 December 2005 142 Sierra Leone $ 219,100,000 31 December 2008 143 El Salvador $ 213,700,000 31 December 2008 144 Swaziland $ 211,800,000 31 December 2008 145 Liberia $ 206,900,000 31 December 2008 146 Gambia, The $ 192,900,000 31 December 2008 147 Seychelles $ 173,100,000 31 December 2008 148 Guinea-Bissau $ 171,200,000 31 December 2008 149 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 150,800,000 31 December 2008 150 Grenada $ 141,400,000 31 December 2008 151 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 107,200,000 31 December 2008 152 Timor-Leste $ 102,800,000 31 December 2008 153 Vanuatu $ 101,600,000 31 December 2008 154 Comoros $ 100,600,000 31 December 2008 155 Solomon Islands $ 86,960,000 31 December 2008 156 Dominica $ 72,100,000 31 December 2008 157 Samoa $ 60,130,000 31 December 2008 158 Tonga $ 36,160,000 31 December 2008 159 Sao Tome and Principe $ 27,840,000 31 December 2008 160 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 21,210,000 31 December 2008 161 Anguilla $ 21,120,000 31 December 2008 162 Montserrat $ 16,710,000 31 December 2008

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Rank code: 2210

Country Comparison :: Stock of quasi money

Rank country Stock of quasi money Date of Information

1 United States $ 10,990,000,000,000 31 December 2008 2 Japan $ 6,160,000,000,000 31 December 2008 3 European Union $ 5,631,000,000,000 31 December 2008 4 China $ 4,523,000,000,000 31 December 2008 5 Canada $ 1,299,000,000,000 31 December 2008 6 India $ 853,400,000,000 31 December 2009 7 Hong Kong $ 757,600,000,000 31 December 2009 8 Brazil $ 645,000,000,000 30 November 2009 9 Taiwan $ 618,000,000,000 November 2008 10 Australia $ 617,000,000,000 31 December 2008 11 Korea, South $ 473,400,000,000 31 December 2008 12 Switzerland $ 454,200,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 13 Russia $ 318,400,000,000 31 December 2008 14 Turkey $ 313,500,000,000 31 December 2009 15 Burma $ 289,300,000,000 31 December 2008 16 Thailand $ 283,600,000,000 31 December 2009 17 Malaysia $ 200,900,000,000 31 December 2008 18 Singapore $ 179,000,000,000 31 December 2008 19 Israel $ 170,600,000,000 31 December 2008 20 Mexico $ 146,800,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 21 Saudi Arabia $ 136,400,000,000 31 December 2008 22 Indonesia $ 131,100,000,000 31 December 2008 23 United Arab Emirates $ 127,000,000,000 31 December 2008 24 South Africa $ 124,100,000,000 31 December 2008 25 Egypt $ 112,200,000,000 31 December 2008 26 Poland $ 109,000,000,000 31 December 2008 27 Denmark $ 95,820,000,000 31 December 2008 28 New Zealand $ 81,010,000,000 31 December 2008 29 Lebanon $ 77,800,000,000 30 November 2009 30 Syria $ 73,930,000,000 31 December 2008 31 Chile $ 73,660,000,000 31 December 2008 32 Iran $ 72,330,000,000 31 December 2008 33 Kuwait $ 71,790,000,000 31 December 2009 34 Vietnam $ 63,630,000,000 31 December 2008 35 Czech Republic $ 58,690,000,000 31 December 2008 36 Philippines $ 55,710,000,000 30 November 2009 37 Sweden $ 54,550,000,000 31 December 2008 38 Argentina $ 46,180,000,000 31 December 2008 39 Bangladesh $ 45,230,000,000 30 September 2009 40 Qatar $ 44,500,000,000 31 December 2009 41 Ukraine $ 41,500,000,000 31 December 2009 42 Hungary $ 40,700,000,000 31 December 2009 43 Romania $ 36,090,000,000 31 December 2008 44 Kazakhstan $ 35,760,000,000 31 December 2008 45 Croatia $ 34,570,000,000 31 December 2009 46 Nigeria $ 32,040,000,000 31 December 2008 47 Algeria $ 30,360,000,000 31 December 2008 48 Colombia $ 26,570,000,000 31 December 2008 49 Peru $ 25,270,000,000 31 December 2008 50 Slovakia $ 23,150,000,000 31 December 2008 51 Macau $ 22,680,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 52 Bulgaria $ 20,610,000,000 31 December 2009 53 Jordan $ 19,040,000,000 31 December 2008 54 Morocco $ 18,980,000,000 31 December 2008 55 Tunisia $ 16,550,000,000 31 December 2009 56 Slovenia $ 15,900,000,000 30 September 2009 57 Panama $ 15,840,000,000 31 December 2008 58 Oman $ 14,570,000,000 31 December 2008 59 Serbia $ 14,110,000,000 31 December 2009 60 Bahrain $ 12,710,000,000 31 December 2008 61 Sri Lanka $ 11,010,000,000 31 December 2008 62 Venezuela $ 10,690,000,000 31 December 2008 63 Angola $ 10,410,000,000 31 December 2008 64 Ecuador $ 9,790,000,000 31 December 2009 65 Guatemala $ 9,700,000,000 31 December 2008 66 Uruguay $ 9,409,000,000 31 December 2008 67 Belarus $ 8,784,000,000 31 December 2008 68 Malta $ 8,771,000,000 31 January 2008 est. 69 Lithuania $ 8,731,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 70 Brunei $ 8,151,000,000 30 March 2009 71 Nepal $ 7,490,000,000 1 April 2009 72 Mauritius $ 6,914,000,000 31 December 2008 73 Trinidad and Tobago $ 6,795,000,000 31 December 2008 74 Bolivia $ 6,339,000,000 31 December 2008 75 Albania $ 6,251,000,000 31 December 2008 76 Yemen $ 6,077,000,000 31 October 2009 77 Dominican Republic $ 5,902,000,000 31 December 2008 78 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 5,614,000,000 31 December 2008 79 Honduras $ 5,574,000,000 31 December 2008 80 Latvia $ 5,572,000,000 31 December 2008 81 Estonia $ 5,478,000,000 31 December 2008 82 Kenya $ 5,468,000,000 31 December 2008 83 Iraq $ 5,415,000,000 31 December 2008 84 West Bank $ 5,251,000,000 31 December 2008 85 Cayman Islands $ 5,230,000,000 31 December 2008 86 Bahamas, The $ 4,637,000,000 31 December 2008 87 Libya $ 4,264,000,000 31 December 2008 88 Sudan $ 4,264,000,000 31 December 2008 89 Jamaica $ 4,244,000,000 31 December 2008 90 Botswana $ 4,183,000,000 31 December 2008 91 Azerbaijan $ 4,125,000,000 31 December 2008 92 Barbados $ 3,701,000,000 31 December 2008 93 Ethiopia $ 3,603,000,000 31 December 2008 94 Iceland $ 3,440,000,000 31 December 2008 95 Tanzania $ 3,362,000,000 31 December 2008 96 Cambodia $ 3,197,000,000 31 December 2009 97 Costa Rica $ 3,143,000,000 31 December 2008 98 Macedonia $ 3,132,000,000 31 December 2009 99 Cote d'Ivoire $ 2,117,000,000 31 December 2008 100 Moldova $ 1,928,000,000 31 December 2008 101 Nicaragua $ 1,810,000,000 31 December 2008 102 Cameroon $ 1,756,000,000 31 December 2008 103 Mozambique $ 1,752,000,000 31 December 2008 104 Papua New Guinea $ 1,726,000,000 31 December 2008 105 Zambia $ 1,618,000,000 31 December 2008 106 Georgia $ 1,606,000,000 31 December 2008 107 Paraguay $ 1,599,000,000 31 December 2008 108 Senegal $ 1,599,000,000 31 December 2008 109 Mongolia $ 1,545,000,000 31 December 2009 110 Uganda $ 1,485,000,000 31 December 2008 111 Montenegro $ 1,406,000,000 31 December 2008 112 Afghanistan $ 1,219,000,000 31 December 2008 113 Namibia $ 1,158,000,000 31 December 2008 114 Laos $ 1,080,000,000 31 December 2009 115 Eritrea $ 1,053,000,000 31 December 2008 116 Suriname $ 1,018,000,000 31 December 2008 117 Fiji $ 1,012,000,000 31 December 2008 118 Armenia $ 950,100,000 31 December 2008 119 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 947,800,000 31 December 2008 120 Antigua and Barbuda $ 939,900,000 31 December 2008 121 Aruba $ 890,300,000 31 December 2008 122 Guyana $ 817,600,000 31 December 2008 123 Saint Lucia $ 800,100,000 31 December 2008 124 El Salvador $ 788,700,000 31 December 2008 125 Gabon $ 777,800,000 31 December 2008 126 Burkina Faso $ 751,300,000 31 December 2008 127 Benin $ 742,800,000 31 December 2008 128 Cape Verde $ 721,300,000 31 December 2008 129 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 680,600,000 31 December 2008 130 Madagascar $ 667,200,000 31 December 2008 131 Belize $ 653,800,000 31 December 2008 132 Grenada $ 578,100,000 31 December 2008 133 Mali $ 561,000,000 31 December 2008 134 Malawi $ 491,100,000 31 December 2008 135 Maldives $ 488,000,000 31 October 2009 136 Anguilla $ 449,500,000 31 December 2008 137 Swaziland $ 441,500,000 31 December 2008 138 Vanuatu $ 430,000,000 31 December 2008 139 Togo $ 414,900,000 31 December 2008 140 Djibouti $ 338,000,000 31 December 2008 141 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 302,700,000 31 December 2008 142 Dominica $ 289,900,000 31 December 2008 143 Congo, Republic of the $ 268,400,000 31 December 2008 144 Tajikistan $ 235,300,000 31 December 2008 145 Rwanda $ 227,400,000 31 December 2005 146 Niger $ 226,800,000 31 December 2008 147 Sierra Leone $ 215,200,000 31 December 2008 148 Burundi $ 189,900,000 31 December 2008 149 Seychelles $ 185,200,000 31 December 2008 150 Gambia, The $ 176,200,000 31 December 2008 151 Samoa $ 162,800,000 31 December 2008 152 Equatorial Guinea $ 132,100,000 31 December 2008 153 Lesotho $ 108,100,000 31 December 2008 154 Tonga $ 100,700,000 31 December 2008 155 Solomon Islands $ 96,790,000 31 December 2008 156 Timor-Leste $ 89,880,000 31 December 2008 157 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 76,800,000 31 December 2008 158 Liberia $ 65,360,000 31 December 2008 159 Chad $ 63,420,000 31 December 2008 160 Central African Republic $ 51,650,000 31 December 2008 161 Montserrat $ 45,420,000 31 December 2008 162 Comoros $ 41,740,000 31 December 2008 163 Sao Tome and Principe $ 36,950,000 31 December 2008 164 Guinea-Bissau $ 17,990,000 31 December 2008

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Rank code: 2211

Country Comparison :: Stock of domestic credit

This entry is the total quantity of credit, denominated in the domestic currency, provided by financial institutions to the central bank, state and local governments, public non-financial corporations, and the private sector. The national currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate on the date of the information.

Rank country Stock of domestic credit Date of Information

1 United States $ 32,610,000,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 2 European Union $ 22,650,000,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 3 Japan $ 16,390,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 4 China $ 8,156,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 5 Germany $ 5,200,000,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 6 United Kingdom $ 5,151,000,000,000 31 December 2009 7 France $ 4,319,000,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 8 Spain $ 3,683,000,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 9 Italy $ 3,274,000,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 10 Canada $ 2,963,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 11 Brazil $ 2,104,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 12 Netherlands $ 2,083,000,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 13 Australia $ 1,731,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 14 India $ 1,164,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 15 Korea, South $ 1,057,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 16 Switzerland $ 992,600,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 17 Belgium $ 801,100,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 18 Ireland $ 745,700,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 19 Taiwan $ 661,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 20 Austria $ 659,200,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 21 Sweden $ 640,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 22 Denmark $ 636,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 23 Portugal $ 556,300,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 24 Russia $ 549,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 25 Greece $ 419,900,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 26 Norway $ 414,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 27 Turkey $ 401,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 28 Luxembourg $ 395,100,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 29 Hong Kong $ 374,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 30 Mexico $ 342,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 31 Thailand $ 336,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 32 South Africa $ 328,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 33 Malaysia $ 314,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 34 United Arab Emirates $ 290,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 35 Poland $ 288,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 36 Finland $ 259,200,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 37 Indonesia $ 253,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 38 New Zealand $ 206,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 39 Singapore $ 199,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 40 Israel $ 169,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 41 Chile $ 153,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 42 Egypt $ 145,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 43 Iran $ 132,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 44 Vietnam $ 132,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 45 Colombia $ 123,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 46 Czech Republic $ 119,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 47 Argentina $ 113,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 48 Ukraine $ 110,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 49 Cyprus $ 101,200,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 50 Hungary $ 99,060,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 51 Kuwait $ 96,710,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 52 Philippines $ 95,540,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 53 Morocco $ 93,210,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 54 Romania $ 77,460,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 55 Nigeria $ 77,430,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 56 Pakistan $ 71,450,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 57 Qatar $ 70,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 58 Slovakia $ 65,090,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 59 Lebanon $ 62,680,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 60 Bangladesh $ 62,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 61 Libya $ 55,030,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 62 Venezuela $ 54,220,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 63 Slovenia $ 52,670,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 64 Croatia $ 48,620,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 65 Iceland $ 46,030,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 66 Kazakhstan $ 44,530,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 67 Bulgaria $ 34,540,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 68 Tunisia $ 31,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 69 Peru $ 28,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 70 Latvia $ 27,590,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 71 Syria $ 27,140,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 72 Jordan $ 26,850,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 73 Lithuania $ 25,350,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 74 Panama $ 23,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 75 Oman $ 22,050,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 76 Iraq $ 21,940,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 77 Dominican Republic $ 21,630,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 78 Belarus $ 19,990,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 79 Estonia $ 18,940,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 80 Serbia $ 18,880,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 81 Bahrain $ 18,460,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 82 Sri Lanka $ 18,340,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 83 Angola $ 17,520,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 84 Costa Rica $ 15,820,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 85 Guatemala $ 15,580,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 86 Ecuador $ 14,920,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 87 Kenya $ 14,110,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 88 Malta $ 13,690,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 89 Algeria $ 12,290,000,000 31 December 2009 est. 90 Saudi Arabia $ 11,240,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 91 Uruguay $ 10,490,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 92 Mauritius $ 10,230,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 93 Sudan $ 10,150,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 94 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 10,090,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 95 El Salvador $ 10,010,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 96 Nepal $ 9,000,000,000 July 2010 97 Ethiopia $ 8,661,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 98 Burma $ 8,552,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 99 Bolivia $ 8,314,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 100 Azerbaijan $ 8,135,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 101 Bahamas, The $ 7,993,000,000 31 December 2009 102 Jamaica $ 7,922,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 103 San Marino $ 7,875,000,000 31 December 2008 104 Albania $ 7,701,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 105 Honduras $ 7,581,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 106 Ghana $ 7,155,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 107 Uzbekistan $ 6,482,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 108 Cote d'Ivoire $ 5,448,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 109 Yemen $ 5,297,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 110 Namibia $ 5,122,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 111 Barbados $ 4,554,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 112 Paraguay $ 4,395,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 113 Nicaragua $ 4,083,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 114 Macedonia $ 4,001,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 115 Senegal $ 3,516,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 116 Montenegro $ 3,290,000,000 31 December 2009 117 Georgia $ 3,243,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 118 Zambia $ 2,992,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 119 Trinidad and Tobago $ 2,924,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 120 Eritrea $ 2,919,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 121 Papua New Guinea $ 2,796,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 122 Mozambique $ 2,740,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 123 Cambodia $ 2,195,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 124 Moldova $ 2,110,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 125 Turkmenistan $ 2,089,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 126 Uganda $ 1,882,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 127 Armenia $ 1,821,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 128 West Bank $ 1,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 129 Malawi $ 1,720,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 130 Macau $ 1,717,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 131 Mongolia $ 1,664,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 132 Haiti $ 1,632,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 133 Congo, Republic of the $ 1,580,000,000 31 December 2009 134 Laos $ 1,562,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 135 Maldives $ 1,548,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 136 Equatorial Guinea $ 1,534,000,000 31 December 2009 137 Saint Lucia $ 1,378,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 138 Burkina Faso $ 1,373,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 139 Botswana $ 1,361,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 140 Aruba $ 1,333,000,000 31 December 2009 141 Belize $ 1,291,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 142 Brunei $ 1,274,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 143 Benin $ 1,222,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 144 Tajikistan $ 1,209,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 145 Liberia $ 1,202,000,000 31 December 2008 146 Cape Verde $ 1,179,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 147 Antigua and Barbuda $ 1,130,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 148 Gabon $ 1,074,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 149 Madagascar $ 1,020,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 150 Mali $ 994,900,000 31 December 2009 151 Chad $ 943,800,000 31 December 2010 est. 152 Cameroon $ 848,800,000 31 December 2010 est. 153 Togo $ 817,700,000 31 December 2010 est. 154 Suriname $ 793,100,000 31 December 2008 est. 155 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 790,800,000 31 December 2008 est. 156 Guyana $ 754,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 157 Guinea $ 734,400,000 31 December 2010 est. 158 Niger $ 683,600,000 31 December 2009 159 Seychelles $ 678,500,000 31 December 2010 est. 160 Grenada $ 658,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 161 Rwanda $ 600,400,000 31 December 2010 est. 162 Anguilla $ 529,600,000 31 December 2008 est. 163 Kyrgyzstan $ 505,400,000 31 December 2010 est. 164 Burundi $ 465,700,000 31 December 2010 est. 165 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 417,400,000 31 December 2008 est. 166 Afghanistan $ 363,600,000 31 December 2008 est. 167 Central African Republic $ 357,600,000 31 December 2009 168 Djibouti $ 339,000,000 31 December 2009 169 Gambia, The $ 293,500,000 31 December 2010 est. 170 Vanuatu $ 274,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 171 Swaziland $ 258,500,000 31 December 2010 est. 172 Samoa $ 243,000,000 31 December 2009 173 Solomon Islands $ 221,900,000 31 December 2008 est. 174 Dominica $ 213,600,000 31 December 2008 est. 175 Sierra Leone $ 178,400,000 31 December 2009 176 Lesotho $ 177,700,000 31 December 2010 est. 177 Tonga $ 149,200,000 31 December 2008 est. 178 Timor-Leste $ 127,100,000 31 December 2008 est. 179 Comoros $ 79,750,000 31 December 2008 est. 180 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 65,680,000 31 December 2009 181 Guinea-Bissau $ 42,560,000 31 December 2009 182 Sao Tome and Principe $ 17,140,000 31 December 2010 est. 183 Montserrat $ 9,930,000 31 December 2008 est. 184 Tanzania $ 4,163,000 31 December 2010 est. 185 Zimbabwe $ 1,186,000 31 December 2008 est.

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Rank code: 2212

Country Comparison :: Urbanization

This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising the city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside of, but adjacent to, the boundaries of the city.

Rank country (%) Date of Information

1 Anguilla 100.00 NA 2 Bermuda 100.00 NA 3 Gibraltar 100.00 NA 4 Cayman Islands 100.00 NA 5 Hong Kong 100.00 NA 6 Macau 100.00 NA 7 Monaco 100.00 NA 8 Nauru 100.00 NA 9 Holy See (Vatican City) 100.00 NA 10 Singapore 100.00 NA 11 Kuwait 98.00 NA 12 Puerto Rico 98.00 NA 13 Belgium 97.00 NA 14 Qatar 96.00 NA 15 Virgin Islands 95.00 NA 16 Malta 94.00 NA 17 San Marino 94.00 NA 18 Venezuela 93.00 NA 19 American Samoa 92.00 NA 20 Argentina 92.00 NA 21 Uruguay 92.00 NA 22 Turks and Caicos Islands 92.00 NA 23 Israel 92.00 NA 24 Iceland 92.00 NA 25 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 92.00 NA 26 Northern Mariana Islands 91.00 NA 27 United Kingdom 90.00 NA 28 Andorra 89.00 NA 29 Bahrain 89.00 NA 30 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 89.00 NA 31 Australia 89.00 NA 32 Chile 88.00 NA 33 Denmark 87.00 NA 34 New Zealand 87.00 NA 35 Lebanon 87.00 NA 36 Djibouti 87.00 NA 37 Brazil 86.00 NA 38 Gabon 85.00 NA 39 Sweden 85.00 NA 40 Bahamas, The 84.00 NA 41 Greenland 84.00 NA 42 Luxembourg 82.00 NA 43 Netherlands 82.00 NA 44 United States 82.00 NA 45 Saudi Arabia 82.00 NA 46 Korea, South 81.00 NA 47 Palau 81.00 NA 48 Western Sahara 81.00 NA 49 Canada 80.00 NA 50 Jordan 78.00 NA 51 Libya 78.00 NA 52 United Arab Emirates 78.00 NA 53 France 77.00 NA 54 Mexico 77.00 NA 55 Spain 77.00 NA 56 Norway 77.00 NA 57 Cuba 76.00 NA 58 Brunei 75.00 NA 59 Suriname 75.00 NA 60 Colombia 74.00 NA 61 Cook Islands 74.00 NA 62 Germany 74.00 NA 63 Dominica 74.00 NA 64 Belarus 73.00 NA 65 Switzerland 73.00 NA 66 Russia 73.00 NA 67 Panama 73.00 NA 68 Czech Republic 73.00 NA 69 Gaza Strip 72.00 NA 70 Oman 72.00 NA 71 West Bank 72.00 NA 72 Bulgaria 71.00 NA 73 Marshall Islands 71.00 NA 74 Peru 71.00 NA 75 Cyprus 70.00 NA 76 Malaysia 70.00 NA 77 Dominican Republic 69.00 NA 78 Estonia 69.00 NA 79 Turkey 69.00 NA 80 Hungary 68.00 NA 81 Latvia 68.00 NA 82 Ukraine 68.00 NA 83 Iran 68.00 NA 84 Italy 68.00 NA 85 Austria 67.00 NA 86 Iraq 67.00 NA 87 Macedonia 67.00 NA 88 Tunisia 67.00 NA 89 Lithuania 67.00 NA 90 Bolivia 66.00 NA 91 Ecuador 66.00 NA 92 Japan 66.00 NA 93 Algeria 65.00 NA 94 Philippines 65.00 NA 95 New Caledonia 65.00 NA 96 Armenia 64.00 NA 97 Costa Rica 63.00 NA 98 Finland 63.00 NA 99 Korea, North 63.00 NA 100 Congo, Republic of the 61.00 NA 101 Greece 61.00 NA 102 Ireland 61.00 NA 103 South Africa 61.00 NA 104 Sao Tome and Principe 61.00 NA 105 Poland 61.00 NA 106 El Salvador 61.00 NA 107 Botswana 60.00 NA 108 Cape Verde 60.00 NA 109 Liberia 60.00 NA 110 Paraguay 60.00 NA 111 Montenegro 60.00 NA 112 Portugal 59.00 NA 113 Kazakhstan 58.00 NA 114 Angola 57.00 NA 115 Croatia 57.00 NA 116 Nicaragua 57.00 NA 117 Mongolia 57.00 NA 118 Gambia, The 57.00 NA 119 Cameroon 57.00 NA 120 Morocco 56.00 NA 121 Slovakia 56.00 NA 122 Romania 54.00 NA 123 Syria 54.00 NA 124 Seychelles 54.00 NA 125 Georgia 53.00 NA 126 Jamaica 53.00 NA 127 Azerbaijan 52.00 NA 128 Belize 52.00 NA 129 Fiji 52.00 NA 130 French Polynesia 52.00 NA 131 Indonesia 52.00 NA 132 Serbia 52.00 NA 133 Isle of Man 51.00 NA 134 Ghana 50.00 NA 135 Cote d'Ivoire 49.00 NA 136 Guatemala 49.00 NA 137 Turkmenistan 49.00 NA 138 Tuvalu 49.00 NA 139 Honduras 48.00 NA 140 Nigeria 48.00 NA 141 Slovenia 48.00 NA 142 Albania 47.00 NA 143 Aruba 47.00 NA 144 Bosnia and Herzegovina 47.00 NA 145 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 47.00 NA 146 Haiti 47.00 NA 147 Kiribati 44.00 NA 148 China 43.00 NA 149 Egypt 43.00 NA 150 Sudan 43.00 NA 151 Mauritius 42.00 NA 152 Togo 42.00 NA 153 Senegal 42.00 NA 154 Moldova 42.00 NA 155 Benin 41.00 NA 156 Faroe Islands 41.00 NA 157 Mauritania 41.00 NA 158 Barbados 40.00 NA 159 British Virgin Islands 40.00 NA 160 Central African Republic 39.00 NA 161 Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha39.00 NA 162 Niue 39.00 NA 163 Equatorial Guinea 39.00 NA 164 Maldives 38.00 NA 165 Sierra Leone 38.00 NA 166 Mozambique 37.00 NA 167 Uzbekistan 37.00 NA 168 Zimbabwe 37.00 NA 169 Namibia 37.00 NA 170 Somalia 37.00 NA 171 Kyrgyzstan 36.00 NA 172 Pakistan 36.00 NA 173 Bhutan 35.00 NA 174 Zambia 35.00 NA 175 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 34.00 NA 176 Guinea 34.00 NA 177 Burma 33.00 NA 178 Thailand 33.00 NA 179 Mali 32.00 NA 180 Saint Kitts and Nevis 32.00 NA 181 Grenada 31.00 NA 182 Jersey 31.00 NA 183 Laos 31.00 NA 184 Yemen 31.00 NA 185 Guernsey 31.00 NA 186 Antigua and Barbuda 30.00 NA 187 Guinea-Bissau 30.00 NA 188 India 29.00 NA 189 Madagascar 29.00 NA 190 Comoros 28.00 NA 191 Vietnam 28.00 NA 192 Guyana 28.00 NA 193 Saint Lucia 28.00 NA 194 Bangladesh 27.00 NA 195 Timor-Leste 27.00 NA 196 Chad 27.00 NA 197 Tajikistan 26.00 NA 198 Lesotho 25.00 NA 199 Swaziland 25.00 NA 200 Vanuatu 25.00 NA 201 Tonga 25.00 NA 202 Tanzania 25.00 NA 203 Afghanistan 24.00 NA 204 Samoa 23.00 NA 205 Cambodia 22.00 NA 206 Micronesia, Federated States of 22.00 NA 207 Kenya 22.00 NA 208 Eritrea 21.00 NA 209 Burkina Faso 20.00 NA 210 Malawi 19.00 NA 211 Rwanda 18.00 NA 212 Solomon Islands 18.00 NA 213 Ethiopia 17.00 NA 214 Nepal 17.00 NA 215 Niger 16.00 NA 216 Sri Lanka 15.00 NA 217 Liechtenstein 14.00 NA 218 Montserrat 14.00 NA 219 Trinidad and Tobago 13.00 NA 220 Uganda 13.00 NA 221 Papua New Guinea 12.00 NA 222 Burundi 10.00 NA 223 Burundi 6.80 NA 224 Laos 5.60 NA 225 Liberia 5.60 NA 226 Afghanistan 5.40 NA 227 Eritrea 5.40 NA 228 Maldives 5.30 NA 229 Malawi 5.20 NA 230 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5.10 NA 231 Burkina Faso 5.00 NA 232 Timor-Leste 5.00 NA 233 Bhutan 4.90 NA 234 Nepal 4.90 NA 235 Yemen 4.90 NA 236 Mali 4.80 NA 237 Chad 4.70 NA 238 Cambodia 4.60 NA 239 Haiti 4.50 NA 240 Angola 4.40 NA 241 Uganda 4.40 NA 242 Ethiopia 4.30 NA 243 Togo 4.30 NA 244 Sudan 4.30 NA 245 Gambia, The 4.20 NA 246 Somalia 4.20 NA 247 Tanzania 4.20 NA 248 Rwanda 4.20 NA 249 Mozambique 4.10 NA 250 Vanuatu 4.10 NA 251 Solomon Islands 4.10 NA 252 Benin 4.00 NA 253 Kenya 4.00 NA 254 Western Sahara 4.00 NA 255 Niger 4.00 NA 256 Madagascar 3.80 NA 257 Nigeria 3.80 NA 258 Bangladesh 3.50 NA 259 Cape Verde 3.50 NA 260 Lesotho 3.50 NA 261 Guinea 3.50 NA 262 Ghana 3.50 NA 263 Cameroon 3.50 NA 264 Guatemala 3.40 NA 265 Gaza Strip 3.30 NA 266 West Bank 3.30 NA 267 Indonesia 3.30 NA 268 Cote d'Ivoire 3.20 NA 269 Guinea-Bissau 3.20 NA 270 Belize 3.10 NA 271 Jordan 3.10 NA 272 Syria 3.10 NA 273 Vietnam 3.10 NA 274 Senegal 3.10 NA 275 Malaysia 3.00 NA 276 Pakistan 3.00 NA 277 Sao Tome and Principe 3.00 NA 278 Philippines 3.00 NA 279 Mauritania 3.00 NA 280 Burma 2.90 NA 281 Trinidad and Tobago 2.90 NA 282 United Arab Emirates 2.90 NA 283 Sierra Leone 2.90 NA 284 Namibia 2.90 NA 285 Honduras 2.90 NA 286 Equatorial Guinea 2.80 NA 287 Paraguay 2.80 NA 288 China 2.70 NA 289 Congo, Republic of the 2.70 NA 290 Marshall Islands 2.70 NA 291 Comoros 2.70 NA 292 Panama 2.70 NA 293 Brunei 2.60 NA 294 Dominican Republic 2.60 NA 295 Algeria 2.50 NA 296 Bolivia 2.50 NA 297 Botswana 2.50 NA 298 Saudi Arabia 2.50 NA 299 Kuwait 2.50 NA 300 American Samoa 2.40 NA 301 India 2.40 NA 302 Central African Republic 2.30 NA 303 Costa Rica 2.30 NA 304 Zambia 2.30 NA 305 Djibouti 2.20 NA 306 Turks and Caicos Islands 2.20 NA 307 Zimbabwe 2.20 NA 308 Turkmenistan 2.20 NA 309 Qatar 2.20 NA 310 Ireland 2.20 NA 311 Libya 2.20 NA 312 Montserrat 2.20 NA 313 Ecuador 2.10 NA 314 Gabon 2.10 NA 315 Iran 2.10 NA 316 Northern Mariana Islands 2.10 NA 317 New Caledonia 2.10 NA 318 Faroe Islands 2.00 NA 319 Oman 2.00 NA 320 Venezuela 2.00 NA 321 Albania 1.90 NA 322 Papua New Guinea 1.90 NA 323 Turkey 1.90 NA 324 El Salvador 1.90 NA 325 Bahrain 1.80 NA 326 Palau 1.80 NA 327 Nicaragua 1.80 NA 328 Morocco 1.80 NA 329 Kiribati 1.80 NA 330 Brazil 1.80 NA 331 Egypt 1.80 NA 332 British Virgin Islands 1.70 NA 333 Colombia 1.70 NA 334 Tunisia 1.70 NA 335 Thailand 1.70 NA 336 Swaziland 1.70 NA 337 Samoa 1.70 NA 338 Israel 1.70 NA 339 Iraq 1.70 NA 340 Fiji 1.60 NA 341 Uzbekistan 1.60 NA 342 Tonga 1.60 NA 343 Tajikistan 1.60 NA 344 Kyrgyzstan 1.60 NA 345 Barbados 1.50 NA 346 Cayman Islands 1.50 NA 347 Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha1.50 NA 348 Mexico 1.50 NA 349 Anguilla 1.40 NA 350 South Africa 1.40 NA 351 Seychelles 1.40 NA 352 Saint Lucia 1.40 NA 353 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.40 NA 354 Bahamas, The 1.40 NA 355 Portugal 1.40 NA 356 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.40 NA 357 Chile 1.30 NA 358 Peru 1.30 NA 359 French Polynesia 1.30 NA 360 Tuvalu 1.30 NA 361 United States 1.30 NA 362 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.30 NA 363 Cyprus 1.30 NA 364 Argentina 1.20 NA 365 Singapore 1.20 NA 366 Mongolia 1.20 NA 367 Lebanon 1.20 NA 368 Kazakhstan 1.20 NA 369 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1.20 NA 370 Australia 1.20 NA 371 Azerbaijan 1.00 NA 372 Hong Kong 1.00 NA 373 Luxembourg 1.00 NA 374 Suriname 1.00 NA 375 New Zealand 1.00 NA 376 Canada 1.00 NA 377 Antigua and Barbuda 0.90 NA 378 Jamaica 0.90 NA 379 San Marino 0.90 NA 380 Spain 0.90 NA 381 Netherlands 0.90 NA 382 Mauritius 0.90 NA 383 Korea, North 0.90 NA 384 Greenland 0.90 NA 385 Finland 0.80 NA 386 Puerto Rico 0.80 NA 387 Micronesia, Federated States of 0.80 NA 388 Macedonia 0.80 NA 389 Iceland 0.80 NA 390 France 0.80 NA 391 Austria 0.70 NA 392 Macau 0.70 NA 393 Norway 0.70 NA 394 Greece 0.60 NA 395 Guernsey 0.60 NA 396 Malta 0.60 NA 397 Korea, South 0.60 NA 398 Jersey 0.60 NA 399 Denmark 0.50 NA 400 Liechtenstein 0.50 NA 401 Sri Lanka 0.50 NA 402 Switzerland 0.50 NA 403 United Kingdom 0.50 NA 404 Sweden 0.50 NA 405 Serbia 0.50 NA 406 Croatia 0.40 NA 407 Uruguay 0.40 NA 408 Italy 0.40 NA 409 Belgium 0.30 NA 410 Bermuda 0.30 NA 411 Nauru 0.30 NA 412 Monaco 0.30 NA 413 Hungary 0.30 NA 414 Grenada 0.30 NA 415 Dominica 0.20 NA 416 Slovakia 0.20 NA 417 Japan 0.20 NA 418 Virgin Islands 0.20 NA 419 Aruba 0.10 NA 420 Germany 0.10 NA 421 Holy See (Vatican City) 0.10 NA 422 Gibraltar 0.10 NA 423 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.10 NA 424 Belarus 0.00 NA 425 Czech Republic 0.00 NA 426 Guyana 0.00 NA 427 Wallis and Futuna 0.00 NA 428 Wallis and Futuna 0.00 NA 429 Tokelau 0.00 NA 430 Tokelau 0.00 NA 431 Pitcairn Islands 0.00 NA 432 Pitcairn Islands 0.00 NA 433 Cuba 0.00 NA 434 Romania -0.10 NA 435 Andorra -0.20 NA 436 Isle of Man -0.20 NA 437 Niue -0.20 NA 438 Armenia -0.30 NA 439 Bulgaria -0.30 NA 440 Poland -0.30 NA 441 Estonia -0.30 NA 442 Lithuania -0.40 NA 443 Latvia -0.50 NA 444 Russia -0.50 NA 445 Georgia -0.60 NA 446 Slovenia -0.60 NA 447 Cook Islands -0.70 NA 448 Ukraine -0.70 NA 449 Montenegro -0.80 NA 450 Moldova -1.50 NA

======================================================================

Rank code: 2213

Country Comparison :: Broadcast media

This entry provides information on the approximate number of public and private TV and radio stations in a country, as well as basic information on the availability of satellite and cable TV services.

Rank country Broadcast media Date of Information

======================================================================

Rank code: 2214

Country Comparison :: Stock of narrow money

This entry, also know as "M1," comprises the total quantity of currency in circulation (notes and coins) plus demand deposits denominated in the national currency held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy, measured at a specific point in time. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate for the date of the information. Because of exchange rate movements, changes in money stocks measured in national currency units may vary significantly from those shown in US dollars, and caution is urged when making comparisons over time in US dollars. Narrow money consists of more liquid assets than broad money and the assets generally function as a "medium of exchange" for an economy.

Rank country Stock of narrow money Date of Information

1 World $ 22,400,000,000,000 NA 2 European Union $ 5,542,000,000,000 NA 3 Japan $ 5,541,000,000,000 NA 4 China $ 3,838,000,000,000 NA 5 United States $ 1,740,000,000,000 NA 6 Germany $ 1,627,000,000,000 NA 7 Italy $ 1,234,000,000,000 NA 8 France $ 858,600,000,000 NA 9 Spain $ 849,200,000,000 NA 10 Canada $ 560,800,000,000 NA 11 Switzerland $ 384,200,000,000 NA 12 Netherlands $ 368,100,000,000 NA 13 Australia $ 347,100,000,000 NA 14 Taiwan $ 331,700,000,000 NA 15 India $ 328,400,000,000 NA 16 Russia $ 269,100,000,000 NA 17 Sweden $ 225,000,000,000 NA 18 Austria $ 173,400,000,000 NA 19 Belgium $ 172,900,000,000 NA 20 Saudi Arabia $ 166,900,000,000 NA 21 Brazil $ 165,800,000,000 NA 22 Greece $ 152,800,000,000 NA 23 Denmark $ 148,100,000,000 NA 24 Poland $ 138,700,000,000 NA 25 Mexico $ 135,700,000,000 NA 26 Ireland $ 127,700,000,000 NA 27 Norway $ 122,200,000,000 NA 28 Luxembourg $ 120,800,000,000 NA 29 Finland $ 108,000,000,000 NA 30 Korea, South $ 101,900,000,000 NA 31 Portugal $ 98,230,000,000 NA 32 Czech Republic $ 96,820,000,000 NA 33 United Kingdom $ 88,620,000,000 NA 34 Hong Kong $ 84,880,000,000 NA 35 Singapore $ 80,500,000,000 NA 36 Algeria $ 79,070,000,000 NA 37 Venezuela $ 69,360,000,000 NA 38 Malaysia $ 69,030,000,000 NA 39 United Arab Emirates $ 68,760,000,000 NA 40 Morocco $ 67,330,000,000 NA 41 South Africa $ 65,870,000,000 NA 42 Indonesia $ 65,470,000,000 NA 43 Pakistan $ 59,750,000,000 NA 44 Turkey $ 57,020,000,000 NA 45 Iran $ 50,370,000,000 NA 46 Argentina $ 41,660,000,000 NA 47 Nigeria $ 40,410,000,000 NA 48 Thailand $ 38,000,000,000 NA 49 Egypt $ 37,800,000,000 NA 50 Iraq $ 35,690,000,000 NA 51 Ukraine $ 34,970,000,000 NA 52 Slovakia $ 34,370,000,000 NA 53 Vietnam $ 33,760,000,000 NA 54 Colombia $ 31,830,000,000 NA 55 Philippines $ 30,090,000,000 NA 56 Libya $ 29,850,000,000 NA 57 Chile $ 29,810,000,000 NA 58 Hungary $ 28,670,000,000 NA 59 Israel $ 27,580,000,000 NA 60 Romania $ 24,390,000,000 NA 61 New Zealand $ 24,150,000,000 NA 62 Syria $ 21,600,000,000 NA 63 Kazakhstan $ 20,910,000,000 NA 64 Peru $ 20,530,000,000 NA 65 Kuwait $ 18,120,000,000 NA 66 Qatar $ 15,980,000,000 NA 67 Bangladesh $ 13,980,000,000 NA 68 Bulgaria $ 12,700,000,000 NA 69 Cuba $ 11,570,000,000 NA 70 Tunisia $ 11,490,000,000 NA 71 Slovenia $ 10,470,000,000 NA 72 Jordan $ 9,386,000,000 NA 73 Lithuania $ 8,917,000,000 NA 74 Angola $ 8,740,000,000 NA 75 Croatia $ 8,720,000,000 NA 76 Sudan $ 7,713,000,000 NA 77 Azerbaijan $ 7,340,000,000 NA 78 Oman $ 7,257,000,000 NA 79 Guatemala $ 6,600,000,000 NA 80 Bahrain $ 6,372,000,000 NA 81 Kenya $ 6,333,000,000 NA 82 Ghana $ 6,260,000,000 NA 83 Ecuador $ 6,198,000,000 NA 84 Latvia $ 5,769,000,000 NA 85 Estonia $ 5,345,000,000 NA 86 Malta $ 5,195,000,000 NA 87 Cote d'Ivoire $ 5,094,000,000 NA 88 Panama $ 5,040,000,000 NA 89 Burma $ 4,907,000,000 NA 90 Uzbekistan $ 4,895,000,000 NA 91 Ethiopia $ 4,764,000,000 NA 92 Belarus $ 4,747,000,000 NA 93 Dominican Republic $ 4,734,000,000 NA 94 Costa Rica $ 4,504,000,000 NA 95 Iceland $ 4,413,000,000 NA 96 Sri Lanka $ 4,400,000,000 NA 97 Bolivia $ 4,374,000,000 NA 98 Cyprus $ 4,341,000,000 NA 99 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 4,098,000,000 NA 100 Afghanistan $ 3,943,000,000 NA 101 Macau $ 3,831,000,000 NA 102 Trinidad and Tobago $ 3,734,000,000 NA 103 Uruguay $ 3,706,000,000 NA 104 Lebanon $ 3,692,000,000 NA 105 Serbia $ 3,554,000,000 NA 106 Yemen $ 3,551,000,000 NA 107 Tanzania $ 3,394,000,000 NA 108 Brunei $ 3,374,000,000 NA 109 Namibia $ 3,049,000,000 NA 110 Nepal $ 3,030,000,000 NA 111 Cameroon $ 2,888,000,000 NA 112 Senegal $ 2,800,000,000 NA 113 Albania $ 2,708,000,000 NA 114 Mozambique $ 2,657,000,000 NA 115 Paraguay $ 2,600,000,000 NA 116 Papua New Guinea $ 2,551,000,000 NA 117 El Salvador $ 2,534,000,000 NA 118 Congo, Republic of the $ 2,403,000,000 NA 119 Uganda $ 1,997,000,000 NA 120 Mauritius $ 1,889,000,000 NA 121 Equatorial Guinea $ 1,860,000,000 NA 122 Gabon $ 1,835,000,000 NA 123 Barbados $ 1,793,000,000 NA 124 Mali $ 1,758,000,000 NA 125 Benin $ 1,551,000,000 NA 126 Jamaica $ 1,432,000,000 NA 127 Burkina Faso $ 1,416,000,000 NA 128 Eritrea $ 1,382,000,000 NA 129 Honduras $ 1,296,000,000 NA 130 Bahamas, The $ 1,284,000,000 NA 131 Nicaragua $ 1,273,000,000 NA 132 Zambia $ 1,234,000,000 NA 133 Madagascar $ 1,233,000,000 NA 134 Moldova $ 1,221,000,000 NA 135 Georgia $ 1,175,000,000 NA 136 Botswana $ 1,146,000,000 NA 137 Macedonia $ 1,146,000,000 NA 138 Armenia $ 1,131,000,000 NA 139 Chad $ 920,900,000 NA 140 Aruba $ 865,000,000 NA 141 Tajikistan $ 863,000,000 NA 142 Cambodia $ 850,700,000 NA 143 Montenegro $ 816,800,000 NA 144 Haiti $ 787,200,000 NA 145 Niger $ 782,600,000 NA 146 Togo $ 754,500,000 NA 147 Fiji $ 748,000,000 NA 148 Kyrgyzstan $ 714,900,000 NA 149 Lesotho $ 653,300,000 NA 150 Laos $ 630,000,000 NA 151 Malawi $ 626,500,000 NA 152 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 613,900,000 NA 153 Suriname $ 608,000,000 NA 154 Rwanda $ 602,300,000 NA 155 Cape Verde $ 585,000,000 NA 156 Djibouti $ 577,800,000 NA 157 Turkmenistan $ 573,000,000 NA 158 Guinea $ 496,200,000 NA 159 Maldives $ 460,000,000 NA 160 Mongolia $ 451,400,000 NA 161 Belize $ 389,500,000 NA 162 Guyana $ 386,900,000 NA 163 Swaziland $ 335,700,000 NA 164 Bhutan $ 335,000,000 NA 165 Cayman Islands $ 334,300,000 NA 166 Burundi $ 329,300,000 NA 167 Central African Republic $ 288,800,000 NA 168 Seychelles $ 274,200,000 NA 169 Saint Lucia $ 244,300,000 NA 170 Antigua and Barbuda $ 233,500,000 NA 171 Vanuatu $ 229,200,000 NA 172 Gambia, The $ 222,900,000 NA 173 Sierra Leone $ 209,400,000 NA 174 Liberia $ 206,900,000 NA 175 Guinea-Bissau $ 192,100,000 NA 176 Solomon Islands $ 139,900,000 NA 177 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 133,000,000 NA 178 Grenada $ 123,100,000 NA 179 Comoros $ 104,700,000 NA 180 Timor-Leste $ 102,800,000 NA 181 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 94,450,000 NA 182 Samoa $ 80,560,000 NA 183 Dominica $ 74,840,000 NA 184 Tonga $ 44,640,000 NA 185 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 29,020,000 NA 186 Anguilla $ 19,030,000 NA 187 Sao Tome and Principe $ 17,180,000 NA 188 Montserrat $ 14,130,000 NA

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Rank code: 2215

Country Comparison :: Stock of broad money

This entry covers all of "Narrow money," plus the total quantity of time and savings deposits, credit union deposits, institutional money market funds, short-term repurchase agreements between the central bank and commercial deposit banks, and other large liquid assets held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate for the date of the information. Because of exchange rate movements, changes in money stocks measured in national currency units may vary significantly from those shown in US dollars, and caution is urged when making comparisons over time in US dollars. In addition to serving as a medium of exchange, broad money includes assets that are slightly less liquid than narrow money and the assets tend to function as a "store of value" - a means of holding wealth.

Rank country Stock of broad money Date of Information

1 World $ 75,860,000,000,000 NA 2 Japan $ 18,300,000,000,000 NA 3 United States $ 12,390,000,000,000 NA 4 European Union $ 11,170,000,000,000 NA 5 China $ 10,080,000,000,000 NA 6 Germany $ 4,288,000,000,000 NA 7 United Kingdom $ 3,344,000,000,000 NA 8 France $ 2,292,000,000,000 NA 9 Spain $ 2,264,000,000,000 NA 10 Italy $ 1,884,000,000,000 NA 11 Brazil $ 1,522,000,000,000 NA 12 Canada $ 1,469,000,000,000 NA 13 Korea, South $ 1,346,000,000,000 NA 14 India $ 1,290,000,000,000 NA 15 Australia $ 1,134,000,000,000 NA 16 Netherlands $ 1,124,000,000,000 NA 17 Taiwan $ 952,200,000,000 NA 18 Hong Kong $ 850,800,000,000 NA 19 Switzerland $ 834,600,000,000 NA 20 Russia $ 650,700,000,000 NA 21 Mexico $ 583,800,000,000 NA 22 Belgium $ 539,400,000,000 NA 23 Austria $ 402,800,000,000 NA 24 Thailand $ 354,500,000,000 NA 25 Malaysia $ 337,600,000,000 NA 26 Greece $ 335,900,000,000 NA 27 Singapore $ 295,800,000,000 NA 28 Sweden $ 293,200,000,000 NA 29 Saudi Arabia $ 286,900,000,000 NA 30 Portugal $ 282,000,000,000 NA 31 Indonesia $ 276,800,000,000 NA 32 Ireland $ 257,100,000,000 NA 33 Norway $ 256,300,000,000 NA 34 South Africa $ 256,200,000,000 NA 35 Luxembourg $ 255,500,000,000 NA 36 Turkey $ 255,500,000,000 NA 37 Poland $ 251,900,000,000 NA 38 United Arab Emirates $ 228,500,000,000 NA 39 Denmark $ 209,000,000,000 NA 40 Israel $ 208,800,000,000 NA 41 Iran $ 167,400,000,000 NA 42 Egypt $ 166,200,000,000 NA 43 Syria $ 161,000,000,000 NA 44 Finland $ 160,400,000,000 NA 45 Chile $ 160,300,000,000 NA 46 Czech Republic $ 138,600,000,000 NA 47 Vietnam $ 118,800,000,000 NA 48 New Zealand $ 118,100,000,000 NA 49 Argentina $ 112,900,000,000 NA 50 Algeria $ 109,700,000,000 NA 51 Morocco $ 108,700,000,000 NA 52 Colombia $ 104,900,000,000 NA 53 Lebanon $ 92,010,000,000 NA 54 Nigeria $ 91,970,000,000 NA 55 Philippines $ 91,500,000,000 NA 56 Kuwait $ 88,710,000,000 NA 57 Pakistan $ 85,220,000,000 NA 58 Venezuela $ 78,110,000,000 NA 59 Ukraine $ 73,910,000,000 NA 60 Hungary $ 67,940,000,000 NA 61 Qatar $ 65,950,000,000 NA 62 Kazakhstan $ 65,550,000,000 NA 63 Romania $ 63,670,000,000 NA 64 Bangladesh $ 57,210,000,000 NA 65 Peru $ 55,200,000,000 NA 66 Slovakia $ 52,630,000,000 NA 67 Cyprus $ 50,500,000,000 NA 68 Iraq $ 46,010,000,000 NA 69 Croatia $ 40,800,000,000 NA 70 Libya $ 35,980,000,000 NA 71 Cuba $ 35,920,000,000 NA 72 Jordan $ 35,530,000,000 NA 73 Bulgaria $ 35,370,000,000 NA 74 Tunisia $ 29,390,000,000 NA 75 Macau $ 26,560,000,000 NA 76 Guatemala $ 25,400,000,000 NA 77 Angola $ 24,920,000,000 NA 78 Panama $ 24,170,000,000 NA 79 Slovenia $ 24,030,000,000 NA 80 Oman $ 22,350,000,000 NA 81 Bahrain $ 21,020,000,000 NA 82 Iceland $ 19,970,000,000 NA 83 Sri Lanka $ 19,720,000,000 NA 84 Serbia $ 18,690,000,000 NA 85 Ecuador $ 18,620,000,000 NA 86 Lithuania $ 17,260,000,000 NA 87 Costa Rica $ 16,810,000,000 NA 88 Dominican Republic $ 15,710,000,000 NA 89 Kenya $ 15,380,000,000 NA 90 Malta $ 14,300,000,000 NA 91 Uruguay $ 14,220,000,000 NA 92 Belarus $ 13,620,000,000 NA 93 Sudan $ 13,500,000,000 NA 94 Trinidad and Tobago $ 12,470,000,000 NA 95 Bolivia $ 12,160,000,000 NA 96 Azerbaijan $ 11,640,000,000 NA 97 Latvia $ 11,170,000,000 NA 98 Estonia $ 10,700,000,000 NA 99 Nepal $ 10,010,000,000 NA 100 Yemen $ 9,739,000,000 NA 101 El Salvador $ 9,666,000,000 NA 102 Mauritius $ 9,605,000,000 NA 103 Ghana $ 9,583,000,000 NA 104 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 9,307,000,000 NA 105 Albania $ 9,096,000,000 NA 106 Brunei $ 8,569,000,000 NA 107 Ethiopia $ 8,248,000,000 NA 108 Burma $ 7,800,000,000 NA 109 Cote d'Ivoire $ 7,653,000,000 NA 110 Honduras $ 7,618,000,000 NA 111 Tanzania $ 7,440,000,000 NA 112 Uzbekistan $ 7,197,000,000 NA 113 Botswana $ 6,679,000,000 NA 114 Bahamas, The $ 5,991,000,000 NA 115 Jamaica $ 5,782,000,000 NA 116 West Bank $ 5,567,000,000 NA 117 Cayman Islands $ 5,564,000,000 NA 118 Paraguay $ 5,030,000,000 NA 119 Cambodia $ 4,982,000,000 NA 120 Cameroon $ 4,831,000,000 NA 121 Namibia $ 4,756,000,000 NA 122 Papua New Guinea $ 4,726,000,000 NA 123 Senegal $ 4,603,000,000 NA 124 Barbados $ 4,563,000,000 NA 125 Afghanistan $ 4,149,000,000 NA 126 Macedonia $ 4,134,000,000 NA 127 Uganda $ 3,905,000,000 NA 128 Mozambique $ 3,803,000,000 NA 129 Zambia $ 3,573,000,000 NA 130 Armenia $ 3,507,000,000 NA 131 Haiti $ 3,137,000,000 NA 132 Nicaragua $ 2,900,000,000 NA 133 Moldova $ 2,889,000,000 NA 134 Eritrea $ 2,872,000,000 NA 135 Gabon $ 2,764,000,000 NA 136 Congo, Republic of the $ 2,746,000,000 NA 137 Mali $ 2,514,000,000 NA 138 Benin $ 2,424,000,000 NA 139 Burkina Faso $ 2,406,000,000 NA 140 Equatorial Guinea $ 2,207,000,000 NA 141 Georgia $ 2,146,000,000 NA 142 Madagascar $ 2,012,000,000 NA 143 Mongolia $ 1,996,000,000 NA 144 Laos $ 1,818,000,000 NA 145 Suriname $ 1,809,000,000 NA 146 Aruba $ 1,771,000,000 NA 147 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 1,562,000,000 NA 148 Malawi $ 1,434,000,000 NA 149 Montenegro $ 1,406,000,000 NA 150 Belize $ 1,351,000,000 NA 151 Cape Verde $ 1,314,000,000 NA 152 Guyana $ 1,303,000,000 NA 153 Swaziland $ 1,266,000,000 NA 154 Chad $ 1,257,000,000 NA 155 Rwanda $ 1,243,000,000 NA 156 Togo $ 1,238,000,000 NA 157 Antigua and Barbuda $ 1,186,000,000 NA 158 Kyrgyzstan $ 1,100,000,000 NA 159 Tajikistan $ 1,095,000,000 NA 160 Saint Lucia $ 1,094,000,000 NA 161 Maldives $ 1,065,000,000 NA 162 Lesotho $ 1,057,000,000 NA 163 Turkmenistan $ 1,053,000,000 NA 164 Niger $ 1,038,000,000 NA 165 Djibouti $ 940,800,000 NA 166 Guinea $ 830,000,000 NA 167 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 823,800,000 NA 168 Grenada $ 743,500,000 NA 169 Vanuatu $ 614,200,000 NA 170 Burundi $ 568,300,000 NA 171 Anguilla $ 458,900,000 NA 172 Gambia, The $ 453,900,000 NA 173 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 444,400,000 NA 174 Sierra Leone $ 437,000,000 NA 175 Seychelles $ 415,000,000 NA 176 Dominica $ 398,500,000 NA 177 Central African Republic $ 343,400,000 NA 178 Samoa $ 283,200,000 NA 179 Timor-Leste $ 268,400,000 NA 180 Solomon Islands $ 227,100,000 NA 181 Guinea-Bissau $ 209,300,000 NA 182 Comoros $ 168,600,000 NA 183 Tonga $ 153,800,000 NA 184 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 114,000,000 NA 185 Sao Tome and Principe $ 82,200,000 NA 186 Montserrat $ 69,630,000 NA 187 Zimbabwe $ 3,057,000 NA

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Appendix A :: Abbreviations

A

ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa

ACP Group African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States

ADB Asian Development Bank

AfDB African Development Bank

AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development

AG Australia Group

Air Pollution Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30%

Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

AMF Arab Monetary Fund

AMU Arab Maghreb Union

Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

Antarctic Seals Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty

AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Arabsat Arab Satellite Communications Organization

ARF ASEAN Regional Forum

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

AU African Union

Autodin Automatic Digital Network

B

BA Baltic Assembly

bbl/day barrels per day

BCIE Central American Bank for Economic Integration

BDEAC Central African States Development Bank

Benelux Benelux Union

BGN United States Board on Geographic Names

BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity

BIS Bank for International Settlements

BSEC Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone

C

C Commonwealth

c.i.f. cost, insurance, and freight

CACM Central American Common Market

CAEU Council of Arab Economic Unity

CAN Andean Community of Nations

Caricom Caribbean Community and Common Market

CB citizen's band mobile radio communications

CBSS Council of the Baltic Sea States

CCC Customs Cooperation Council

CD Community of Democracies

CDB Caribbean Development Bank

CE Council of Europe

CEI Central European Initiative

CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa

CEPGL Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries

CEPT Conference Europeanne des Poste et Telecommunications

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research

CIA Central Intelligence Agency

CICA Conference of Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia

CIS Commonwealth of Independent States

CITES see Endangered Species

Climate Change United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export Controls

COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

Comsat Communications Satellite Corporation

CP Colombo Plan

CPLP Comunidade dos Paises de Lingua Portuguesa

CSN South American Community of Nations became UNASUL - Union of South American Nations

CSN Union of South American Nations

CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organization

CTBTO Preparation commission for the Nuclear-Ban-Treaty Operation

CY calendar year

D

D-8 Developing Eight

DC developed country

DDT dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane

Desertification United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

DIA United States Defense Intelligence Agency

DSN Defense Switched Network

DST daylight savings time

DWT deadweight ton

E

EAC East African Community

EADB East African Development Bank

EAEC Eurasian Economic Community

EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

EAS East Asia Summit

EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC European Community or European Commission

ECA Economic Commission for Africa

ECE Economic Commission for Europe

ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

ECO Economic Cooperation Organization

ECOSOC Economic and Social Council

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

ECSC European Coal and Steel Community

EE Eastern Europe

EEC European Economic Community

EEZ exclusive economic zone

EFTA European Free Trade Association

EIB European Investment Bank

EMU European Monetary Union

Endangered Species Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Entente Council of the Entente

Environmental Modification Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

ESA European Space Agency

ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

est. estimate

EU European Union

Euratom European Atomic Energy Community

Eutelsat European Telecommunications Satellite Organization

Ex-Im Export-Import Bank of the United States

F

f.o.b. free on board

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FATF Financial Action Task Force

FAX facsimile

FLS Front Line States

FOC flags of convenience

FSU former Soviet Union

FY fiscal year

FZ Franc Zone

G

G-2 Group of 2

G-3 Group of 3

G-5 Group of 5

G-6 Group of 6

G-7 Group of 7

G-8 Group of 8

G-9 Group of 9

G-10 Group of 10

G-15 Group of 15

G-11 Group of 11

G-24 Group of 24

G-77 Group of 77

GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; now WTO

GCC Gulf Cooperation Council

GCTU General Confederation of Trade Unions

GDP gross domestic product

GMT Greenwich Mean Time

GNP gross national product

GRT gross register ton

GSM global system for mobile cellular communications

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development; acronym for member states - Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova

GWP gross world product

H

Hazardous Wastes Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

HF high-frequency

HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

I

IADB Inter-American Development Bank

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

ICC International Chamber of Commerce

ICCt International Criminal Court

ICJ International Court of Justice (World Court)

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross

ICRM International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

ICSID International Center for Secretariat of Investment Disputes

ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

IDA International Development Association

IDB Islamic Development Bank

IDP Internally Displaced Person

IEA International Energy Agency

IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

IFC International Finance Corporation

IFRCS International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development

IHO International Hydrographic Organization

ILO International Labor Organization

IMF International Monetary Fund

IMO International Maritime Organization

IMSO International Mobile Satellite Organization

Inmarsat International Maritime Satellite Organization

InOC Indian Ocean Commission

INSTRAW International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women

Intelsat International Telecommunications Satellite Organization

Interpol International Criminal Police Organization

Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications

IOC International Olympic Committee

IOM International Organization for Migration

IPU Inter-parliamentary Union

ISO International Organization for Standardization

ISP Internet Service Provider

ITSO International Telecommunications Satellites Organization

ITU International Telecommunication Union

ITUC International Trade Union Confederation, the successor to ICFTU (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions) and the WCL (World Confederation of Labor)

K

kHz kilohertz

km kilometer

kW kilowatt

kWh kilowatt-hour

L

LAES Latin American Economic System

LAIA Latin American Integration Association

LAS League of Arab States

Law of the Sea United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

LDC less developed country

LLDC least developed country

London Convention see Marine Dumping

LOS see Law of the Sea

M

m meter

Marecs Maritime European Communications Satellite

Marine Dumping Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter

Marine Life Conservation Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

MARPOL see Ship Pollution

Medarabtel Middle East Telecommunications Project of the International Telecommunications Union

Mercosur Southern Cone Common Market

MHz megahertz

MICAH International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti

MIGA Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency

MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara

MINUSTAH United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti

MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

N

NA not available

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement

NAM Nonaligned Movement

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NC Nordic Council

NEA Nuclear Energy Agency

NEGL negligible

NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

NGO nongovernmental organization

NIB Nordic Investment Bank

NIC newly industrializing country

NIE newly industrializing economy

NIS new independent states

nm nautical mile

NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone

NSG Nuclear Suppliers Group

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water

NZ New Zealand

O

OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries

OAS Organization of American States

OAU Organization of African Unity; see African Union

ODA official development assistance

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States

OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference

OIF International Organization of the French-speaking World

OOF other official flows

OPANAL Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean

OPCW Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

Ozone Layer Protection Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

P

PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration

PFP Partnership for Peace

PIF Pacific Islands Forum

PPP purchasing power parity

R

Ramsar see Wetlands

RG Rio Group

S

SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SACEP South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme

SACU Southern African Customs Union

SADC Southern African Development Community

SAFE South African Far East Cable

SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization

SECI Southeast European Cooperative Initiative

SHF super-high-frequency

Ship Pollution Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

SICA Central American Integration System

Sparteca South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement

SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Communities

SPF South Pacific Forum

sq km square kilometer

sq mi square mile

T

TAT Trans-Atlantic Telephone

TEU Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit, a unit of measure for containerized cargo capacity

Tropical Timber 83 International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

Tropical Timber 94 International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

U

UAE United Arab Emirates

UDEAC Central African Customs and Economic Union

UHF ultra-high-frequency

UK United Kingdom

UN United Nations

UN-AIDS Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS

UNAMID African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

UNASUR Union of South American Nations

UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also know as LOS

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDCP United Nations Drug Control Program

UNDEF United Nations Democracy Fund

UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force

UNDP United Nations Development Program

UNEP United Nations Environment Program

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

UNFICYP United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus

UNFIP United Nations Fund for International Partnerships

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

UN-Habitat United Nations Center for Human Settlements

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund

UNICRI United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute

UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

UN-INSTRAW International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women

UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research

UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

UNMIL United Nations Mission in Liberia

UNMIS United Nations Mission in the Sudan

UNMIS

UNMIT United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste

UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan

UNOCI United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire

UNOPS United Nations Office of Project Services

UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development

UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

UNSC United Nations Security Council

UNSSC Untied Nations System Staff College

UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization

UNU United Nations University

UNWTO World Tourism Organization

UPU Universal Postal Union

US United States

USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union); used for information dated before 25 December 1991

UTC Coordinated Universal Time

UV ultra violet

V

VHF very-high-frequency

VSAT very small aperture terminal

W

WADB West African Development Bank

WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union

WCL World Confederation of Labor

WCO World Customs Organization

Wetlands Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat

WEU Western European Union

WFP World Food Program

WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions

Whaling International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

WHO World Health Organization

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

WMO World Meteorological Organization

WP Warsaw Pact

WTO World Trade Organization

Z

ZC Zangger Committee

======================================================================

Appendix B :: International Organizations and Groups

A

advanced developing countries

another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)

advanced economies

a term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the top group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in transition, and developing countries; it includes the following 33 advanced economies: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, US; note - this group would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino that are included in the more comprehensive group of "developed countries"

African Development Bank Group (AfDB)

note - regional multilateral development finance institution temporarily located in Tunis, Tunisia; the Bank Group consists of the African Development Bank, the African Development Fund, and the Nigerian Trust Fund established - 10 September 1964 aim - to promote economic development and social progress regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe nonregional members - (24) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US

African Union (AU)

note - replaces Organization of African Unity (OAU) established - 8 July 2001 aim - to achieve greater unity among African States; to defend states' integrity and independence; to accelerate political, social, and economic integration; to encourage international cooperation; to promote democratic principles and institutions members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea (suspended), Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara), Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

established - 31 July 2007 aim - to contribute to the restoration of security conditions which will allow safe humanitarian assistance throughout Darfur, to contribute to the protection of civilian populations under imminent threat of physical attack, to monitor, observe compliance with, and verify the implementation of various ceasefire agreements members - (35) Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Indonesia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP Group)

established - 6 June 1975 aim - to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU members - (79) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)

note - acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL) established - 14 February 1967 under the Treaty of Tlatelolco; effective - 25 April 1969 on the 11th ratification aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons members - (33) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela

Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)

established - November 1990 aim - to call attention to threats of sea- level rise and coral bleaching to small islands and lowlying coastal developing states from global warming; to emphasize the importance of information and information technology in the process of achieving sustainable development members - (39) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cape Verde, Comoros, Cook Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kiribati, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Vanuatu observers - (3) American Samoa, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands

Andean Community of Nations (CAN)

note - formerly known as the Andean Group (AG) and the Andean Common Market (Ancom) established - 26 May 1969; present name established 1 October 1992; effective - 16 October 1969 aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration members - (4) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru associate members - (5) Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay observers - (2) Mexico, Panama

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)

note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) established - 18 February 1974; effective - 16 September 1974 aim - to promote economic development members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League excluding Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen

Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)

established - 16 May 1968 aim - to promote economic and social development members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia (suspended 1993), Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)

established - 17 February 1989 aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia

Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)

established - 27 April 1976; effective - 2 February 1977 aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Arctic Council

established - 18 September 1996 aim - to address the common concerns and challenges faced by Arctic governments and the people of the Arctic; to protect the Arctic environment members - (8) Canada, Denmark (Greenland, Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, US permanent participants - (6) Aleut International Association, Arctic Athabaskan Council, Gwich'in Council International, Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Russian Association of Indigenous People of the North, Saami Council observers - (6) France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, UK

ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)

established - 25 July 1994 aim - to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern members - (27) Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, China, EU, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste, US, Vietnam

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

established - 7 November 1989 aim - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin members - (21) Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, US, Vietnam observers - (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

established - 19 December 1966 aim - to promote regional economic cooperation members - (48) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam nonregional members - (19) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

established - 8 August 1967 aim - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia members - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam dialogue partners - (11) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan, South Korea, NZ, Pakistan, Russia, US observers - (1) Papua New Guinea

Australia Group (AG)

established - June 1985 aim - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons members - (41) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US

Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)

established - 1 September 1951; effective - 29 April 1952 aim - to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986; Australia and the US continue to hold annual meetings members - (3) Australia, NZ, US

B

Baltic Assembly (BA)

established - 12 May 1990 aim - to thoroughly discuss various cooperation issues between Baltic states members - (3) Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

established - 20 January 1930; effective - 17 March 1930 aim - to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements members - (56) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Central Bank, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US; note - Montenegro has a separate central bank; its links with BIS are currently under review

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)

established - June 1997 aim - to foster socio-economic cooperation among members members - (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand

Benelux Union (Benelux)

note - acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg; was formerly known as Benelux Economic Union established - 3 February 1958; effective - 1 November 1960; changed names 17 June 2008 aim - to develop closer economic and legal cooperation and integration members - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands

Big Seven

note - membership is the same as the Group of 7 established - 1975 aim - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies members - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US

Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)

established - 25 June 1992 aim - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation members - (12) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine; note - Macedonia is in the process of joining observers - (17) Austria, Belarus, Black Sea Commission, Commission of the EC, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Energy Charter Secretariat, France, Germany, International Black Sea Club, Israel, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Tunisia, US; note - Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia have applied for observer status

C

Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom)

established - 4 July 1973; effective - 1 August 1973 aim - to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries members - (15) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago associate members - (5) Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands observers - (8) Aruba, Colombia, Curacao, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Sint Maarten, Venezuela

Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)

established - 18 October 1969; effective - 26 January 1970 aim - to promote economic development and cooperation regional members - (21) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela nonregional members - (5) Canada, China, Germany, Italy, UK

Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)

see Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)

Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)

note - acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale established - 3 December 1975 aim - to provide loans for economic development members - (10) African Development Bank (AfDB), Cameroon, Central African States Bank (BEAC), Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Kuwait

Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)

note - acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico established - 13 December 1960 signature of Articles of Agreement; 31 May 1961 began operations aim - to promote economic integration and development members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua nonregional members - (7) Argentina, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Panama, Spain, Taiwan

Central American Common Market (CACM)

established - 13 December 1960, collapsed in 1969, reinstated in 1991 aim - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua

Central American Integration System (SICA)

established - 13 December 1991; operational 1 February 1993 aim - to strengthen democracy; to set up a new model of regional security; to promote freedom; to achieve a regional system of welfare and economic and social justice; to attain economic unity and strengthen the area as an economic bloc; to act as a bloc in international matters members - (7) Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama associated member - (1) Dominican Republic observers - (8) Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Spain

Central European Initiative (CEI)

note - evolved from the Quadrilateral Initiative and the Hexagonal Initiative established - 11 November 1989 as the Quadrilateral Initiative, 27 July 1991 became the Hexagonal Initiative, July 1992 its present name was adopted aim - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas members - (18) Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine

centrally planned economies

a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, but now is limited to Cuba and North Korea, and less so to China

Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)

established - 7 October 2002 aim - to coordinate military and political cooperation, to develop multilateral structures and mechanisms of cooperation for ensuring national security of the member states members - (6) Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan

Colombo Plan (CP)

established - May 1950 proposal was adopted; 1 July 1951 commenced full operations aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific members - (26) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US, Vietnam

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

note - formerly known as Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA) established - treaty signed 5 November 1993; treaty ratified 8 December 1994 aim - recognizing, promoting and protecting fundamental human rights, commitment to the principles of liberty and rule of law, maintaining peace and stability through the promotion and strengthening of good neighborliness, commitment to peaceful settlement of disputes among member states members - (19) Burundi, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Commonwealth (C)

note - also known as Commonwealth of Nations established - 31 December 1931 aim - to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire members - (54) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji (suspended), The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan (reinstated 2004), Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Zambia; note - on 7 December 2003 Zimbabwe withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

established - 8 December 1991; effective - 21 December 1991 aim - to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR members - (9) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; note - neither Ukraine as a participating member nor Turkmenistan as an associate member have signed the 1993 CIS charter, although both participate in meetings; Georgia left the organization in August 2009

Communist countries

traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the original and the successor states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies

Community of Democracies (CD)

established - 27 June 2000 aim - "to respect and uphold core democratic principals and practices" including free and fair elections, freedom of speech and expression, equal access to education, rule of law, and freedom of peaceful assembly members - (17) Cape Verde, Chile, Czech Republic, El Salvador, India, Italy, South Korea, Lithuania, Mali, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, US

Comuinidade dos Paises de Lingua Portuguesa (CPLP)

established - 1996 aim - to establish a forum for friendship among Portuguese-speaking nations where Portuguese is an official language members - (8) Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, Sao Tome and Principe, Timor-Leste associate observers - (3) Equatorial Guinea, Mauritius, Senegal

Conference of Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)

established - proposed 5 October 1992; established 14 September 1999 aim - promoting a multi-national forum for enhancing cooperation towards promoting peace, security, and stability in Asia members - (22 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, China, Egypt, India, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, South Korea, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and the Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (12) Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, League of Arab States, Malaysia, OSCE, Philippines, Qatar, Ukraine, UN, US

Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)

established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations; members were: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US; abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members established a new organization, the Wassenaar Arrangement, with expanded membership on 12 July 1996 that focuses on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West control of advanced technology

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA)

note - also known as CMEA or Comecon established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate)

Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)

established - 3 June 1957; effective - 30 May 1964 aim - to promote economic integration among Arab nations members - (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Council of Europe (CE)

established - 5 May 1949; effective - 3 August 1949 aim - to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe members - (47) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK

Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)

established - 6 March 1992 aim - to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication members - (12) Denmark, Estonia, EC, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden observers - (10) Belarus, France, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Slovakia, Ukraine, UK, US

Council of the Entente (Entente)

established - 29 May 1959 aim - to promote economic, social, and political coordination members - (5) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo

countries in transition

a term used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the middle group in its hierarchy of formerly centrally planned economies; IMF statistics include the following 28 countries in transition: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan; note - this group is identical to the group traditionally referred to as the "former USSR/Eastern Europe" except for the addition of Mongolia

Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)

note - see World Customs Organization (WCO)

D

developed countries (DCs)

the top group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GDP in excess of $15,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures well under $15,000 and eight of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more than $20,000; the DCs include: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US; note - similar to the new International Monetary Fund (IMF) term "advanced economies" that adds Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan but drops Malta, Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey

developing countries

a term used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the bottom group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in transition, and developing countries; IMF statistics include the following 126 developing countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - this category would presumably also cover the following 46 other countries that are traditionally included in the more comprehensive group of "less developed countries": American Samoa, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gaza Strip, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, North Korea, Macau, Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Tokelau, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara

Developing Eight (D-8)

established - 15 June 1997 aim - to improve developing countries' positions in the world economy, diversify and create new opportunities in trade relations, enhance participation in decision-making at the international level, provide better standards of living member - (8) Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Turkey

E

East African Community (EAC)

note - originally established in 1967, it was disbanded in 1977 established - January 2001 aim - to establish a political and economic union among the countries members - (5) Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda

East African Development Bank (EADB)

established - 6 June 1967; effective - 1 December 1967 aim - to promote economic development members - (4) Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda

East Asia Summit (EAS)

established - 14 December 2005 aim - to promote cooperation in political and security issues; to promote development, financial stability, energy security, economic integration and growth; to eradicate poverty and narrow the development gap in East Asia, and to promote deeper cultural understanding members - (16) Australia, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, NZ, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)

note - was formerly the Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) established - 8 December 1964; effective - 1 January 1966 aim - to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market members - (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

note - an integral part of the European Union; also known as the European Economic and Monetary Union established - 1-2 December 1969 (proposed at summit conference of heads of government; 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed) aim - to promote a single market by creating a single currency, the euro; timetable - 2 May 1998: European exchange rates fixed for 1 January 1999; 1 January 1999: all banks and stock exchanges begin using euros; 1 January 2002: the euro goes into circulation; 1 July 2002 local currencies no longer accepted members - (17) Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

established - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and nine functional commissions (Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Commission on Population and Development, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, and Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice) members - (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)

note - acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs established - 20 September 1976 aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and integration members - (3) Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda; note - organization collapsed because of fighting in 1998; reactivated in 2006

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

established - 28 May 1975 aim - to promote regional economic cooperation members - (15) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire (suspended), The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea (suspended), Guinea- Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger (suspended), Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)

established - 27-29 January 1985 aim - to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development members - (10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC or EurasEC)

note - merged with Central Asian Cooperation Organization (CACO) in 2005 established - May 2001 aim - to create a common economic and energy policy members - (5) Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan observers - (3) Armenia, Moldova, Ukraine

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)

note - began as the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC); an extension of NATO established - 8 November 1991; effective - 20 December 1991 aim - to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues members - (50) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

established - 8-9 January 1990 (proposals made); 15 April 1991 (bank inaugurated) aim - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization members - (63) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, EC, European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan

European Community (or European Communities, EC)

established 8 April 1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market), and to establish a completely integrated common market and an eventual federation of Europe; merged into the European Union (EU) on 7 February 1992; member states at the time of merger were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK

European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

established - 4 January 1960; effective - 3 May 1960 aim - to promote expansion of free trade members - (4) Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland

European Investment Bank (EIB)

established - 25 March 1957; effective - 1 January 1958 aim - to promote economic development of the EU and its predecessors, the EEC and the EC members - (27) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire established - 1 July 1953; effective - 29 September 1954 aim - to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only members - (20) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK observers - (8) EC, India, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), US

European Space Agency (ESA)

established - 31 May 1975 aim - to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology members - (18) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK cooperating states - (5) Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia

European Union (EU)

note - see European Union entry at the end of the "country" listings

F

Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

established - by G-7 Summit in Paris in 1989 aim - to develop and promote policies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing members - (36) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, EC, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Gulf Cooperation Council, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands (Netherland Antilles and Aruba), NZ, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

First World

another term for countries with advanced, industrialized economies; this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs)

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

established - 16 October 1945 aim - to raise living standards and increase availability of agricultural products; a UN specialized agency members - (192) includes all UN member countries except Brunei, Liechtenstein, and Singapore (189 total); plus Cook Islands, EU, and Niue

former Soviet Union (FSU)

former term often used to identify as a group the successor nations to the Soviet Union or USSR; this group of 15 countries consists of: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE)

the middle group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in political and economic transition and may well be grouped differently in the near future; this group of 27 countries consists of: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia; this group is identical to the IMF group "countries in transition" except for the IMF's inclusion of Mongolia

Four Dragons

the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group consists of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan; these countries are included in the IMF's "advanced economies" group

Franc Zone (FZ)

note - also known as Conference des Ministres des Finances des Pays de la Zone Franc established - 1964 aim - to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies were linked to the French franc members - (16) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo

Front Line States (FLS)

established to achieve black majority rule in South Africa; has since gone out of existence; members included Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

G

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

see the World Trade Organization (WTO)

General Confederation of Trade Unions (GCTU)

established - 16 April 1992 aim - to consolidate trade union actions to protect citizens' social and labor rights and interests, to help secure trade unions' rights and guarantees, and to strengthen international trade union solidarity members - (11) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Group of 10 (G-10)

note - also known as the Paris Club; includes the wealthiest members of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists despite increased membership established - October 1962 aim - to coordinate credit policy members - (11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US observers - (4) BIS, EC, IMF, OECD

Group of 11 (G-11)

established - 2006 aim - to narrow the income gap with the world's richest nations members - (12) Croatia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Georgia, Honduras, Indonesia, Jordan, Morocco, Pakistan, Paraguay, Sri Lanka, Tunisia

Group of 15 (G-15)

note - byproduct of the Nonaligned Movement; name persists despite increased membership established - September 1989 aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act as the main political organ for the Nonaligned Movement members - (18) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, Zimbabwe

Group of 20 (G-20)

established - created 1999; inaugurated 15-16 December 1999 aim - to promote open and constructive discussion between industrial and emerging-market countries on any issues related to global economic stability; helps to support growth and development across the globe members - (20) Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, UK, US

Group of 24 (G-24)

established - 1 August 1989 aim - to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within the IMF members - (24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela observers - (1) China

Group of 3 (G-3)

established - September 1990 aim - mechanism for policy coordination members - (2) Colombia, Mexico; note - Panama shows interest in joining

Group of 5 (G-5)

established - 22 September 1985 aim - to coordinate the economic policies of five major noncommunist economic powers members - (5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US

Group of 6 (G-6)

also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement (not to be confused with the Big Six) was established in 22 May 1984 with the aim of achieving nuclear disarmament; its members were Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania

Group of 7 (G-7)

note - membership is the same as the Big Seven established - 22 September 1985 aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major noncommunist economic powers members - (7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada and Italy

Group of 77 (G-77)

established - 15 June1964; October 1967 first ministerial meeting aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name persists in spite of increased membership members - (129 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization

Group of 8 (G-8)

established - October 1975 aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between December 1975 and 3 June 1977 members - (9) Canada, EC, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US

Group of 9 (G-9)

established - NA aim - to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis members - (9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Sweden

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

note - also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf established - 25 May 1981 aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political, and military affairs members - (6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE

H

high income countries

another term for the industrialized countries with high per capita GDPs; see developed countries (DCs)

I

Indian Ocean Commission (InOC)

established - 21 December 1982 aim - to organize and promote regional cooperation in all sectors, especially economic members - (5) Comoros, France (for Reunion and Mayotte), Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles

industrial countries

another term for the developed countries; see developed countries (DCs)

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)

note - also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) established - 8 April 1959; effective - 30 December 1959 aim - to promote economic and social development in Latin America members - (48) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela

Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)

note - formerly known as Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) established - 15-16 January 1986 as the Inter- Governmental Authority on Drought and Development; revitalized - 21 March 1996 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development aim - to promote a social, economic, and scientific community among its members members - (6) Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda; note - Eritrea declared its suspension in 2007

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)

established - 1889 aim - fosters contacts among parliamentarians, considers and expresses views of international interest and concern with the purpose of bringing about action by parliaments and parliamentarians, contributes to the defense and promotion of human rights, contributes to better knowledge of representative institutions members - (154 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor- Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization associate members - (9) Andean Parliament, Central American Parliament, East African Legislative Assembly, European Parliament, Inter-Parliamentary Committee of the West African Economic and Monetary Union, Latin American Parliament, Parliament of the Economic Community of West African States, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Transitional Arab Parliament

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

established - 26 October 1956; effective - 29 July 1957 aim - to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy members - (150) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - membership pending for Cambodia, Cape Verde, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, and Togo until the necessary legal instruments are deposited with the IAEA

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

note - also known as the World Bank established - 22 July 1944; effective - 27 December 1945 aim - to provide economic development loans; a UN specialized agency members - (187) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Cuba, North Korea, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Nauru; plus Kosovo

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

established - 1919 aim - to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent business interests at national and international levels members - (89 national committees) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Caribbean, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay; note - Peru is restructuring

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

established - 7 December 1944; effective - 4 April 1947 aim - to promote international cooperation in civil aviation; a UN specialized agency members - (190) includes all UN member countries except Dominica, Liechtenstein, and Tuvalu (189 total); plus Cook Islands

International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH)

established 17 December 1999 to promote respect for human rights; members included Argentina, Benin, Canada, France, India, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, US; closed 2001

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

established - 17 February 1863 aim - to provide humanitarian aid in wartime members - (15-25 individuals) all Swiss nationals

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

note - also known as the World Court; primary judicial organ of the UN established - 3 February 1946; superseded Permanent Court of International Justice (the international court attached to the League of Nations) aim - to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies members - (15 judges) elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council to represent all principal legal systems adherents (with reservations) - (55) Australia, Barbados, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, The Gambia, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, India, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Senegal, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Uganda, United Kingdom adherents (without reservations) - (11) Austria, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Luxembourg, Paraguay, Uruguay

International Criminal Court (ICCt)

established - 11 April 2002 aim - to hold all individuals and countries accountable to international laws of conduct; to specify international standards of conduct; to provide an important mechanism for implementing these standards; to ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice members (countries that have ratified the treaty) - (114) Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)

established - September 1923 set up as the International Criminal Police Commission; 13 June 1956 constitution modified and present name adopted aim - to promote international cooperation among police authorities in fighting crime members - (188) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe subbureaus - (11) American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Macau, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands

International Development Association (IDA)

established - 26 January 1960; effective - 24 September 1960 aim - to provide economic loans for low-income countries; UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate members - (171) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Energy Agency (IEA)

established - 15 November 1974 aim - to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers; established by the OECD members - (29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, EC, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)

note - formerly known as League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) established - 5 May 1919 aim - to organize, coordinate, and direct international relief actions; to promote humanitarian activities; to represent and encourage the development of National Societies; to bring help to victims of armed conflicts, refugees, and displaced people; to reduce the vulnerability of people through development programs members - (185 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (3) Eritrea, Maldives, and Tuvalu

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

established - 25 May 1955; effective - 24 July 1956 aim - to support private enterprise in international economic development; a UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate members - (182) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Brunei, Cuba, North Korea, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Nauru, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Suriname, Tuvalu; plus Kosovo

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

established - November 1974 aim - to promote agricultural development; a UN specialized agency members - (165) List A - (23 industrialized aid contributors) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US List B - (12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela List C - (130 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor- Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)

note - name changed from International Hydrographic Bureau on 22 September 1970 established - June 1919; effective - June 1921 aim - to train hydrographic surveyors and nautical cartographers to achieve standardization in nautical charts and electronic chart displays; to provide advice on nautical cartography and hydrography; to develop the sciences in the field of hydrography and techniques used for descriptive oceanography members - (80) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Chile, China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Syria, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela

International Labor Organization (ILO)

established - 28 June 1919 set up as part of Treaty of Versailles; 11 April 1919 became operative; 14 December 1946 affiliated with the UN aim - to deal with world labor issues; a UN specialized agency members - (183) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Bhutan, North Korea, Liechtenstein, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Nauru, Palau, Tonga; note - includes the following dependencies: Netherlands (Aruba)

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

note - name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982 established - 6 March 1948 set up as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization; effective - 17 March 1958 aim - to deal with international maritime affairs; a UN specialized agency members - (168) includes all UN member countries except Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Belarus, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Mali, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niger, Palau, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Zambia; and Cook Islands associate members - (3) Faroe Islands, Hong Kong, Macau

International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)

established - 15 April 1999 aim - acts as watchdog over Inmarsat (International Maritime Satellite Organization), a private company, to make sure it follows ICAO standards and recommended practices; plays an active role in the development of international telecommunications policies members - (94) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

established - 22 July 1944; effective - 27 December 1945 aim - to promote world monetary stability and economic development; a UN specialized agency members - (187) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Cuba, North Korea, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Nauru; plus Kosovo; note - includes the following dependencies or areas of special interest: China (Hong Kong and Macau), Netherlands (Aruba)

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

established - 23 June 1894 aim - to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games: 2012 Summer Olympics in London, UK; 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia National Olympic Committees - (204 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

note - established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989 established - 5 December 1951 aim - to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration members - (132) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe observers - (17) Bahrain, Bhutan, China, Cuba, Ethiopia, Guyana, Holy See, Indonesia, Macedonia, Mozambique, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Russia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

established - February 1947 aim - to promote the development of international standards with a view to facilitating international exchange of goods and services and to developing cooperation in the sphere of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity members - (109 national standards organizations) Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen correspondent members - (43 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Guatemala, Guinea, Hong Kong, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Moldova, Montenegro, Mozambique, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization subscriber members - (10) Antigua and Barbuda, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Dominica, Eritrea, Guyana, Honduras, Laos, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

International Organization of the French-speaking World (OIF)

note - name changed from Agency of Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT) in 1997; also known as Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie established - 20 March 1970 aim - founded around a common language to promote and spread the cultures of its members and to reinforce cultural and technical cooperation between them members - (53) Albania, Andorra, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Canada - New Brunswick, Canada - Quebec, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, France, French Community of Belgium, Gabon, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam associates - (3) Armenia, Cyprus, Ghana observers - (14) Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Mozambique, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Thailand, Ukraine

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)

established - 1928 aim - to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS; formerly League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or LORCS) in peacetime National Societies - (185 countries and the Palestine Liberation Organization); note - same as membership for International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

established - 17 May 1865 set up as the International Telegraph Union; 9 December 1932 adopted present name; effective - 1 January 1934; affiliated with the UN - 15 November 1947 aim - to deal with world telecommunications issues; a UN specialized agency members - (192) includes all UN member countries except Palau (191 total); plus Holy See

International Telecommunications Satellites Organization (ITSO)

established - August 1964 aim - to act as a watchdog over Intelsat, Ltd., a private company, to make sure it provides on a global and non- discriminatory basis public telecommunication services members - (150) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, the Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)

note - its predecessors were the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and the World Confederation of Labor (WCL) established - 3 November 2006 aim - to promote the trade union movement members - (312 affiliated organizations in the following 156 countries and the Palestine Liberation Organization as of December 2007) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bonaire, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Comoros, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and the Palestine Liberation Organization

Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

established - 15 December 1973 by declaration of intent; effective - 12 August 1974 aim - to promote Islamic economic aid and social development members - (56 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

L

Latin American Economic System (LAES)

note - also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA) established - 17 October 1975 aim - to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation members - (28) Argentina, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Secretaria General Iberoamericana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela

Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)

note - also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI) established - 12 August 1980; effective - 18 March 1981 aim - to promote freer regional trade members - (12) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (30) China, Corporacion Andina de Fomento, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, EC, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latin America Economic System, Nicaragua, Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud, Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, Organization of American States, Panama, Pan-American Health Organization, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Secretaria General Iberoamericana, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Nations Development Program, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

League of Arab States (LAS)

note - also known as Arab League (AL) established - 22 March 1945 aim - aim - to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (4) Brazil, Eritrea, India, Venezuela

least developed countries (LLDCs)

that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant economic growth, per capita GDPs normally less than $1,000, and low literacy rates; also known as the undeveloped countries; the 44 LLDCs are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Uganda, Zambia

less developed countries (LDCs)

the bottom group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); mainly countries and dependent areas with low levels of output, living standards, and technology; per capita GDPs are generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,500; however, the group also includes a number of countries with high per capita incomes, areas of advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth; includes the advanced developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World, underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries; the 172 LDCs are: Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - similar to the new International Monetary Fund (IMF) term "developing countries" which adds Malta, Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey but omits in its recently published statistics American Samoa, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gaza Strip, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, North Korea, Macau, Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Tokelau, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara

low-income countries

another term for those less developed countries with below-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)

M

middle-income countries

another term for those less developed countries with above-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

established - 12 April 1988 aim - encourages flow of foreign direct investment among member countries by offering investment insurance, consultation, and negotiation on conditions for foreign investment and technical assistance; a UN specialized agency members - (175) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Comoros, Cuba, Kiribati, North Korea, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, Niger, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Tonga, Tuvalu; plus Kosovo

N

Near Abroad

Russian term for the 14 non-Russian successor states of the USSR, in which 25 million ethnic Russians live and in which Moscow has expressed a strong national security interest; the 14 countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

new independent states (NIS)

a term referring to all the countries of the FSU except the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

newly industrializing countries (NICs)

former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)

newly industrializing economies (NIEs)

that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan), and Brazil

Nonaligned Movement (NAM)

established - 1-6 September 1961 aim - to establish political and military cooperation apart from the traditional East or West blocs members - (117 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (18) Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Montenegro, Paraguay, Serbia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uruguay

Nordic Council (NC)

established - 16 March 1952; effective - 12 February 1953 aim - to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation members - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden observers - (3) the Sami (Lapp) local parliaments of Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)

established - 4 December 1975; effective - 1 June 1976 aim - to promote economic cooperation and development members - (8) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Estonia, Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden

North

a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries (DCs)

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

established - 17 December 1992 aim - to eliminate trade barriers, promote fair competition, increase investment opportunities, provide protection of intellectual property rights, and create procedures to settle disputes members - (3) Canada, Mexico, US

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

established - 4 April 1949 aim - to promote mutual defense and cooperation members - (28) Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, UK, US

Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)

note - also known as OECD Nuclear Energy Agency established - 1 February 1958 aim - to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; associated with OECD members - (29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)

note - also known as the London Suppliers Group or the London Group established - 1974; effective - 1975 aim - to establish guidelines for exports of nuclear materials, processing equipment for uranium enrichment, and technical information to countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability members - (46) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US observer - (1) European Commission (a policy-planning body for the EU)

O

Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM)

note-acronym standing for the member countries, Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova; formerly known as GUUAM before Uzbekistan withdrew in 5 May 2005 established - 7 June 2001 aim - commits the countries to cooperation and assistance in social and economic development, the strengthening and broadening of trade and economic relations, and the development and effective use of transport and communications, highways, and related infrastructure crossing the boundaries of the member states members - (4) Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

established - 14 December 1960; effective - 30 September 1961 aim - to promote economic cooperation and development members - (34) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US special member - (1) EC accession states - (1) Russia

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

note - formerly the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) established 3 July 1975 established - 1 January 1995 aim - to foster the implementation of human rights, fundamental freedoms, democracy, and the rule of law; to act as an instrument of early warning, conflict prevention, and crisis management; and to serve as a framework for conventional arms control and confidence building measures members - (56) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan partners for cooperation - (12) Afghanistan, Algeria, Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Mongolia, Morocco, Thailand, Tunisia

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

established - 29 April 1997 aim - to enforce the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction; to provide a forum for consultation and cooperation among the signatories of the Convention members (countries that have ratified the Convention) - (188) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe signatory states (countries that have signed, but not ratified, the Convention) - (2) Burma, Israel

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

see African Union

Organization of American States (OAS)

established - 14 April 1890 as the International Union of American Republics; 30 April 1948 adopted present charter; effective - 13 December 1951 aim - to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and social development members - (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (65) Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Vanuatu, Yemen

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)

established - 9 January 1968 aim - to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry members - (11) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia (suspended), UAE

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

established - 18 June 1981; effective - 4 July 1981 aim - to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation members - (9) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

established - 14 September 1960 aim - to coordinate petroleum policies members - (12) Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela; note - Indonesia left OPEC in 2008

Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)

established - 22-25 September 1969 aim - to promote Islamic solidarity in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs members - (56 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (12) AU, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central African Republic, ECO, LAS, Moro National Liberation Front, NAM, Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States, Russia, Thailand, Turkish Muslim Community of Kibris, UN

P

Pacific Community (SPC)

local name of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community

Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

note - formerly known as South Pacific Forum (SPF) established - 5 August 1971 aim - to promote regional cooperation in political matters members - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu associate members - (2) French Polynesia, New Caledonia partners - (14) Canada, China, EU, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, UK, US observers - (6) Asia Development Bank, The Commonwealth, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, the World Bank

Paris Club

established - 1956 aim - to provide a forum for debtor countries to negotiate rescheduling of debt service payments or loans extended by governments or official agencies of participating countries; to help restore normal trade and project finance to debtor countries members - (19) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US associate members - (13) Abu Dhabi, Argentina, Brazil, Israel, South Korea, Kuwait, Mexico, Morocco, NZ, Portugal, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey

Partnership for Peace (PFP)

established - 10-11 January 1994 aim - to expand and intensify political and military cooperation throughout Europe, increase stability, diminish threats to peace, and build relationships by promoting the spirit of practical cooperation and commitment to democratic principles that underpin NATO; program under the auspices of NATO members - (22) Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan; note - a nation that becomes a member of NATO is no longer a member of PFP

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

established - 29 July 1899 aim - to facilitate the settlement of international disputes members - (111) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe

PetroCaribe

established - 29 June 2005 aim - to eliminate existing social inequities, to foster high standards of living, to promote effective people's participation in shaping their own destiny members - (18) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Venezuela

R

Rio Group (RG)

note - formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho, established NA December 1986; composed of the Contadora Group and the Lima Group established - 1988 aim - to consult on regional Latin American issues members - (24) Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica (representing CARICOM), Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela

S

Schengen Convention

established - signed June 1990; effective March 1995 aim - to allow free movement within an area without internal border controls members - (25) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland; note - UK and Ireland have not joined; Liechtenstein and Cyprus will probably join in the near future; Bulgaria and Romania are still not fully implemented De Facto members - (3) Holy See, Monaco, San Marino

Second World

another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states of the USSR and Eastern Europe, with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned economies

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)

established - 6 February 1947; effective 29 July 1948 aim - to serve island development in 22 Pacific countries; to develop technical assistance and professional, scientific, and research support; to build planning and management capability members - (26) America Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, NZ, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, US, Wallis and Futuna

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

established - 15 June 2001 aim - to combat terrorism, extremism, and separatism; to safeguard regional security through mutual trust, disarmament, and cooperative security; and to increase cooperation in political, trade, economic, scientific and technological, cultural, and educational fields members - (6) China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan dialogue members - (2) Belarus, Sri Lanka observers - (4) India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan

socialist countries

in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production; note - the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries

South

a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs)

South American Community of Nations (CSN)

established on 9 December 2004; its aim was to coordinate common policies regarding multilateral organizations, to integrate physical infrastructure, and to consolidate the merger of CAN and Mercosur; the members were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela; in 2008 it became Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)

South Asia Co-operative Environment Program (SACEP)

established - January 1983 aim - to promote regional cooperation in South Asia in the field of environment, both natural and human, and on issues of economic and social development; to support conservation and management of natural resources of the region members - (8) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

established - 8 December 1985 aim - to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation members - (8) Afghanistan. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka observers - (9) Australia, Burma, China, EU, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Mauritius, US

South Pacific Forum (SPF)

note - see Pacific Island Forum

South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (Sparteca)

established - 1981 aim - to redress unequal trade relationships of Australia and New Zealand with small island economies in the Pacific region members - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI)

established - 6 December 1996 aim - to encourage cooperation among participating states and to facilitate their integration into European structures members - (13) Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey observers - (18) Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, UK, US

Southern African Customs Union (SACU)

established - 11 December 1969 aim - to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters members - (5) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland

Southern African Development Community (SADC)

note - evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) established - 17 August 1992 aim - to promote regional economic development and integration members - (14) Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) or Southern Common Market

note - also known as Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (Mercosur) established - 26 March 1991 aim - to increase regional economic cooperation members - (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay associate members - (5) Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

T

Third World

another term for the less developed countries; the term is obsolescent; see less developed countries (LDCs)

U

underdeveloped countries

refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above- average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)

undeveloped countries

refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs)

Union Latina

established - 15 May 1954; became functional 1983 aim - to project, protect, and promote the common heritage and unifying identities of the Latin, and Latin-influenced, world members - (36) Andorra, Angola, Bolivia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Moldova, Monaco, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Spain, Timor- Leste, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (3) Argentina, Holy See, Order of Malta

Union of South American Nations (UNASUR - Spanish; UNASUL - Portuguese)

formerly South American Community of Nations (CSN) which terminated on 16 April 2007 established - 23 May 2008 aim - to model a community after the European Union which will include a common currency, parliament, passport, and defense policy members - (12) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (2) Mexico, Panama

United Nations (UN)

established - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems constituent organizations - the UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous subordinate agencies and bodies as follows: 1) Secretariat 2) General Assembly: Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UN-AIDS), International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Preparation Committee for the Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UN-Habitat), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Drug Control Program (UNDCP), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP),United Nations Fund for International Partnerships (UNFIP), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Office of Project Services (UNOPS), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), United Nations System Staff College (UNSSC), United Nations University (UNU), World Food Program (WFP) 3) Security Council: International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), United Nations Compensation Commission, United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB), United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT), United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI), United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS), United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), United Nations Peace-Keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), and United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) 4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Commission for Social Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Commission on Narcotics Drugs, Commission on Population and Development, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on the Status of Women, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Center for Secretariat of Investment Disputes (ICSID), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Labor Organization (ILO), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency (MIGA), Statistical Commission, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Forum on Forests, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), World Health Organization (WHO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), and World Trade Organization (WTO) 5) Trusteeship Council (inactive; no trusteeships at this time) 6) International Court of Justice (ICJ)

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization, UN International Children's Emergency Fund established - 11 December 1946 aim - to help establish child health and welfare services executive board members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

established - 30 December 1964 aim - to promote international trade members - (193) all UN members plus Holy See

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

established - 22 November 1965 aim - to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development members (executive board) - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)

established - 31 May 1974 aim - to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli cease-fire; established by the UN Security Council members - (6) Austria, Canada, Croatia, India, Japan, Philippines

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

established - 16 November 1945; effective - 4 November 1946 aim - to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture members - (193) includes all UN member countries except Liechtenstein (191 total); plus Cook Islands and Niue associate members - (7) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Faroe Islands, Macau, Tokelau

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

established - 15 December 1972 aim - to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations General Assembly

established - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to function as the primary deliberative organ of the UN members - (192) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

established - 3 December 1949; effective - 1 January 1951 aim - to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems members (executive committee) - (79) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Holy See, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

established - 17 November 1966; effective - 1 January 1967 aim - UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the members members - (173) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Brunei, Canada, Estonia, Iceland, Kiribati, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, San Marino, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, US

United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)

established - 11 December 1963 adoption of the resolution establishing the Institute; effective - 24 March 1965 aim - to help the UN become more effective through training and research members (Board of Trustees) - (16) Algeria, Brazil, Burkina Faso, China, Republic of the Congo, France, Guatemala, India, Iran, Jamaica, Nigeria, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Switzerland, US; note - the UN Secretary General can appoint up to 30 members

United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)

established - 25 August 2006 aim - to support the Government, to support the electoral process, to ensure the restoration and maintenance of public security members - (14) Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Fiji, India, Malaysia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Singapore

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)

established - 10 June 1999 aim - to promote the establishment of substantial autonomy and self-government in Kosovo; to perform basic civilian administrative functions; to support the reconstruction of key infrastructure and humanitarian and disaster relief note - gives civilian support only; works closely with NATO Kosovo Force (KFOR)

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

established - 19 March 1978 aim - to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, and assist in reestablishing Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon; established by the UN Security Council members - (31) Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, South Korea, Macedonia, Malaysia, Nepal, Nigeria, Portugal, Qatar, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Spain, Tanzania, Turkey

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

established - 24 January 1949 aim - to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan cease-fire; established by the UN Security Council members - (8) Chile, Croatia, Finland, Italy, South Korea, Philippines, Sweden, Uruguay

United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)

established - 29 April 1991 aim - to supervise the cease-fire and conduct a referendum in Western Sahara; established by the UN Security Council members - (30) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Croatia, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Poland, Russia, Sri Lanka, Uruguay, Yemen

United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)

established - 19 September 2003 aim - to support the cease-fire agreement and peace process, protect UN facilities and people, support humanitarian activities, and assist in national security reform members - (44) Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, The Gambia, Ghana, Indonesia, Jordan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Togo, Ukraine, US, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT)

established on 25 September 2007; to create the security and conditions which will to contribute to the protection of refugees, displaced persons, and citizens in danger, to facilitate the provision of humanitarian assistance in eastern Chad and the northeastern Central African Republic, to create favorable conditions for the reconstruction and economic and social development of these areas; members were Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ireland, Kenya, Mali, Mongolia, Namibia, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Sri Lanka, Togo, Tunisia, US; MINURCAT was dissolved in December 2010

United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)

established - March 2005 aim - to support implementation of the comprehensive Peace Agreement by Monitoring and verifying the implementation of the Cease Fire Agreement, by observing and monitoring movements of armed groups, and by helping disarm, demobilizing and reintegrating armed bands members - (60) Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, China, Croatia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherland, NZ, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI)

established - 27 February 2004 aim - to facilitate the implementation by the Ivorian parties of the peace agreement signed by them in January 2003 members - (42) Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Chad, China, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, The Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Ireland, Jordan, South Korea, Moldova, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)

established - 28 May 2010 aim - to protect the civilians; to assist the government in the areas of stabilization and peace consolidation members - (52) Algeria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovine, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia

United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)

established - 4 March 1964 aim - to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus; established by the UN Security Council members - (11) Argentina, Austria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Hungary, Paraguay, Peru, Serbia, Slovakia, UK

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

note - acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for Population Activities established - July 1967 aim - to assist both developed and developing countries to deal with their population problems members (executive board ) - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

established - 8 December 1949 aim - to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees members (advisory commission) - (23) Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, UK, US observers - (3) EC, LAS, Palestine Liberation Organization

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)

established - 1963 aim - to conduct research into the problems of economic development during different phases of economic growth members - no country members, but a Board of Directors consisting of a chairman appointed by the UN secretary general and 12 individual members

United Nations Secretariat

established - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to serve as the primary administrative organ of the UN; a Secretary General is appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council members - the UN Secretary General and staff

United Nations Security Council (UNSC)

established - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to maintain international peace and security permanent members - (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US nonpermanent members - (10) elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly; Bosnia and Herzegovina (2010-11), Brazil (2010-11), Colombia (2011-12), Gabon (2010-11), Germany (2011-12), India (2011-12), Lebanon (2010-11), Nigeria (2010- 11), Portugal (2011-12), South Africa (2011-12)

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)

established - June 1948 aim - to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli cease-fire; currently supports timely deployment of reinforcements to other peacekeeping operations in the region as needed; initially established by the UN Security Council members - (23) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, US

United Nations Trusteeship Council

established on 26 June 1945, effective on 24 October 1945, to supervise the administration of the 11 UN trust territories; members were China, France, Russia, UK, US; it formally suspended operations 1 November 1995 after the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau) became the Republic of Palau, a constitutional government in free association with the US; the Trusteeship Council was not dissolved

United Nations University (UNU)

established - 3 December 1973 aim - to conduct research in development, welfare, and human survival and to train scholars members - (24 members of UNU Council and the Rector are appointed by the Secretary General of the United Nations and the Director General of UNESCO)

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

established - 9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947; effective - 1 July 1948 aim - to promote international postal cooperation; a UN specialized agency members - (191) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau (189 total); plus Holy See and Overseas Territories of the UK; note - includes the following dependencies or areas of special interest: Australia (Norfolk Island), China (Hong Kong, Macau), Denmark (Faroe Islands, Greenland), France (French Polynesia including Clipperton Island, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Scattered Islands [Bassas da India, Europe, Juan de Nova, Glorioso Islands, Tromelin], Wallis and Futuna), Netherlands (Aruba), NZ (Cook Island, Niue, Tokelau), UK (Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey; Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos), US (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands)

W

Warsaw Pact (WP)

established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states at the time of dissolution were: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR; earlier members included German Democratic Republic (GDR) and Albania

West African Development Bank (WADB)

note - also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD); is a financial institution of WAEMU established - 14 November 1973 aim - to promote regional economic development and integration regional members - (8) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo

West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)

note - also known as Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) established - 1 August 1994 aim - to increase competitiveness of members' economic markets; to create a common market members - (8) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo

Western European Union (WEU)

established 23 October 1954; effective - 6 May 1955; aim to provide mutual defense and to move toward political unification; 10 members: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK; 6 associate members: Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Turkey; 7 associate partners: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia; 5 observers: Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden; note - to cease existence completely by June 2011

World Bank Group

includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

World Confederation of Labor (WCL)

established 19 June 1920 as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968; aim was to promote the trade union movement; on 31 October 2006 it merged with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) to form the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC); members were (105 national organizations) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe

World Customs Organization (WCO)

note - began as the Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) established - 15 December 1950 aim - to promote international cooperation in customs matters members - (178) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, EC, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)

established - 3 October 1945 aim - to promote the trade union movement members - (in 2010 there were 109 participating nations and the Palestine Liberation Organization; the nations were not listed); (in 2009 there were 125 nations and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization

World Food Program (WFP)

established - 24 November 1961 aim - to provide food aid in support of economic development or disaster relief; an ECOSOC organization members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

World Health Organization (WHO)

established - 22 July 1946; effective - 7 April 1948 aim - to deal with health matters worldwide; a UN specialized agency members - (193) includes all UN member countries except Liechtenstein (191 total); plus Cook Islands and Niue

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

established - 14 July 1967; effective - 26 April 1970 aim - to furnish protection for literary, artistic, and scientific works; a UN specialized agency members - (184) includes all UN member countries except Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vanuatu (183 total); plus Holy See

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

established - 11 October 1947; effective - 4 April 1951 aim - to sponsor meteorological cooperation; a UN specialized agency members - (183) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Tuvalu (181 total); plus Cook Islands and Niue

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

established - 2 January 1975 aim - to promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic development, international understanding, and peace members - (154) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe associate members - (6) Aruba, Flanders, Hong Kong, Macau, Madeira Islands, Puerto Rico observers - (1 plus Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See, Palestine Liberation Organization

World Trade Organization (WTO)

note - succeeded General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) established - 15 April 1994; effective - 1 January 1995 aim - to provide a forum to resolve trade conflicts between members and to carry on negotiations with the goal of further lowering and/or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers members - (153) Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe observers - (31) Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Montenegro, Russia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Serbia, Seychelles, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen; note - with the exception of the Holy See, an observer must start accession negotiations within five years of becoming observers

Z

Zangger Committee (ZC)

established - early 1970s aim - to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT) members - (37) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US observers - (1) European Commission

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Appendix C :: Selected International Environmental Agreements

A

Air Pollution

see Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%

Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Antarctic - Environmental Protocol

see Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

Antarctic Treaty

opened for signature - 1 December 1959 entered into force - 23 June 1961 objective - to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes only (such as international cooperation in scientific research); to defer the question of territorial claims asserted by some nations and not recognized by others; to provide an international forum for management of the region; applies to land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees south latitude parties - (46) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela

B

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

note - abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes opened for signature - 22 March 1989 entered into force - 5 May 1992 objective - to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to the Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they generate parties - (172) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Afghanistan, Haiti, US

Biodiversity

see Convention on Biological Diversity

C

Climate Change

see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

see Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals

note - abbreviated as Antarctic Seals opened for signature - 1 June 1972 entered into force - 11 March 1978 objective - to promote and achieve the protection, scientific study, and rational use of Antarctic seals, and to maintain a satisfactory balance within the ecological system of Antarctica parties - (16) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Russia, South Africa, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) NZ

Convention on Biological Diversity

note - abbreviated as Biodiversity opened for signature - 5 June 1992 entered into force - 29 December 1993 objective - to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity parties - (191) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor- Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) US

Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

note - abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation opened for signature - 29 April 1958 entered into force - 20 March 1966 objective - to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that because of the development of modern technology some of these resources are in danger of being overexploited parties - (38) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (21) Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Uruguay

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution opened for signature - 13 November 1979 entered into force - 16 March 1983 objective - to protect the human environment against air pollution and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution parties - (51) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Holy See, San Marino

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)

note - abbreviated as Wetlands opened for signature - 2 February 1971 entered into force - 21 December 1975 objective - to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value parties - (154) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Marine Living Resources opened for signature - 5 May 1980 entered into force - 7 April 1982 objective - to safeguard the environment and protect the integrity of the ecosystem of the seas surrounding Antarctica, and to conserve Antarctic marine living resources parties - (31) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mauritius, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

note - abbreviated as Endangered Species opened for signature - 3 March 1973 entered into force - 1 July 1975 objective - to protect certain endangered species from overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits parties - (170) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)

note - abbreviated as Marine Dumping opened for signature - 29 December 1972 entered into force - 30 August 1975 objective - to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention; the London Convention came into force in 1996 parties - (88) Afghanistan, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong (associate member), Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Vanuatu associate members to the London Convention - (2) Faroe Islands, Macau

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Chad, Kuwait, Uruguay

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

note - abbreviated as Environmental Modification opened for signature - 10 December 1976 entered into force - 5 October 1978 objective - to prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among nations parties - (73) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lithuania, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (16) Bolivia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda

D

Desertification

see United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

E

Endangered Species

see Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Environmental Modification

see Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

H

Hazardous Wastes

see Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

I

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

note - abbreviated as Whaling opened for signature - 2 December 1946 entered into force - 10 November 1948 objective - to protect all species of whales from overhunting; to establish a system of international regulation for the whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and to safeguard for future generations the great natural resources represented by whale stocks parties - (84) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile, China, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uruguay

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83 opened for signature - 18 November 1983 entered into force - 1 April 1985; this agreement expired when the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994, went into force objective - to provide an effective framework for cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources parties - (59) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94 opened for signature - 26 January 1994 entered into force - 1 January 1997 objective - to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective parties - (61) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela

K

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

note - abbreviated as Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol opened for signature - 16 March 1998 entered into force - 23 February 2005 objective - to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries parties - (184) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Island, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Kazakhstan, US

L

Law of the Sea

see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

M

Marine Dumping

see Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)

Marine Life Conservation

see Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

note - abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection opened for signature - 16 September 1987 entered into force - 1 January 1989 objective - to protect the ozone layer by controlling emissions of substances that deplete it parties - (194) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

N

Nuclear Test Ban

see Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water

O

Ozone Layer Protection

see Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

P

Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

note - abbreviated as Ship Pollution opened for signature - 17 February 1978 entered into force - 2 October 1983 objective - to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances parties - (139) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol opened for signature - 4 October 1991 entered into force - 14 January 1998 objective - to provide for comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems; applies to the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty consultative parties - (31) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay non consultative parties - (12) Austria, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides opened for signature - 31 October 1988 entered into force - 14 February 1991 objective - to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes parties - (32) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) Poland

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds opened for signature - 18 November 1991 entered into force - 29 September 1997 objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects parties - (23) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (6) Canada, EU, Greece, Portugal, Ukraine, US

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 opened for signature - 14 June 1994 entered into force - 5 August 1998 objective - to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes parties - (28) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Poland, Russia, Ukraine

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants opened for signature - 24 June 1998 entered into force - 23 October 2003 objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of persistent organic pollutants in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects parties - (29) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (8) Armenia, Greece, Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Ukraine, US

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30%

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 opened for signature - 8 July 1985 entered into force - 2 September 1987 objective - to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993 parties - (23) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine

S

Ship Pollution

see Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

T

Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water

note - abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban opened for signature - 5 August 1963 entered into force - 10 October 1963 objective - to obtain an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race and eliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons parties - (113) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Zambia countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (17) Algeria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Ethiopia, Haiti, Libya, Mali, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Tanzania, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen

Tropical Timber 83

see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

Tropical Timber 94

see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

U

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

note - abbreviated as Law of the Sea opened for signature - 10 December 1982 entered into force - 16 November 1994 objective - to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment parties - (157) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (21) Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Iran, North Korea, Libya, Liechtenstein, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Switzerland, Thailand, UAE

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

note - abbreviated as Desertification opened for signature - 14 October 1994 entered into force - 26 December 1996 objective - to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements parties - (193) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

note - abbreviated as Climate Change opened for signature - 9 May 1992 entered into force - 21 March 1994 objective - to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system parties - (192) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor- Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

W

Wetlands

see Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)

Whaling

see International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

======================================================================

Appendix D :: Cross-reference List of Country Data Codes

FIPS 10: Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions (FIPS 10) is maintained by the Office of Targeting and Transnational Issues, National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency, and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Department of Commerce). FIPS 10 codes are intended for general use throughout the US Government, especially in activities associated with the mission of the Department of State and national defense programs.

ISO 3166: Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries (ISO 3166) is prepared by the International Organization for Standardization. ISO 3166 includes two- and three-character alphabetic codes and three-digit numeric codes that may be needed for activities involving exchange of data with international organizations that have adopted that standard. Except for the numeric codes, ISO 3166 codes have been adopted in the US as FIPS 104-1: American National Standard Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries, Dependencies, and Areas of Special Sovereignty for Information Interchange.

STANAG 1059: Letter Codes for Geographical Entities (8th edition, 2004) is a Standardization Agreement (STANAG) established and maintained by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO/OTAN) for the purpose of providing a common set of geo-spatial identifiers for countries, territories, and possessions. The 8th edition established trigraph codes for each country based upon the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 character sets. These codes are used throughout NATO. Internet: The Internet country code is the two-letter digraph maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the

ISO 3166 Alpha-2 list and used by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to establish country-coded top-level domains (ccTLDs).

A

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Afghanistan AF AF AFG 004 AFG .af Albania AL AL ALB 008 ALB .al Algeria AG DZ DZA 012 DZA .dz American Samoa AQ AS ASM 016 ASM .as Andorra AN AD AND 020 AND .ad Angola AO AO AGO 024 AGO .ao Anguilla AV AI AIA 660 AIA .ai Antarctica AY AQ ATA 010 ATA .aq ISO defines as the territory south of 60 degrees south latitude

Antigua and Barbuda AC AG ATG 028 ATG .ag Argentina AR AR ARG 032 ARG .ar Armenia AM AM ARM 051 ARM .am Aruba AA AW ABW 533 ABW .aw Ashmore and Cartier Islands AT - - - AUS - ISO includes with Australia

Australia AS AU AUS 036 AUS .au ISO includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands

Austria AU AT AUT 040 AUT .at Azerbaijan AJ AZ AZE 031 AZE .az

B

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Bahamas, The BF BS BHS 044 BHS .bs Bahrain BA BH BHR 048 BHR .bh Baker Island FQ - - - UMI - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Bangladesh BG BD BGD 050 BGD .bd Barbados BB BB BRB 052 BRB .bb Bassas da India BS - - - - - administered as part of French Southern and Antarctic Lands; no ISO codes assigned

Belarus BO BY BLR 112 BLR .by Belgium BE BE BEL 056 BEL .be Belize BH BZ BLZ 084 BLZ .bz Benin BN BJ BEN 204 BEN .bj Bermuda BD BM BMU 060 BMU .bm Bhutan BT BT BTN 064 BTN .bt Bolivia BL BO BOL 068 BOL .bo Bosnia and Herzegovina BK BA BIH 070 BIH .ba Botswana BC BW BWA 072 BWA .bw Bouvet Island BV BV BVT 074 BVT .bv Brazil BR BR BRA 076 BRA .br British Indian Ocean Territory IO IO IOT 086 IOT .io British Virgin Islands VI VG VGB 092 VGB .vg Brunei BX BN BRN 096 BRN .bn Bulgaria BU BG BGR 100 BGR .bg Burkina Faso UV BF BFA 854 BFA .bf Burma BM MM MMR 104 MMR .mm ISO uses the name Myanmar

Burundi BY BI BDI 108 BDI .bi

C

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Cambodia CB KH KHM 116 KHM .kh Cameroon CM CM CMR 120 CMR .cm Canada CA CA CAN 124 CAN .ca Cape Verde CV CV CPV 132 CPV .cv Cayman Islands CJ KY CYM 136 CYM .ky Central African Republic CT CF CAF 140 CAF .cf Chad CD TD TCD 148 TCD .td Chile CI CL CHL 152 CHL .cl China CH CN CHN 156 CHN .cn see also Taiwan

Christmas Island KT CX CXR 162 CXR .cx Clipperton Island IP - - - FYP - ISO includes with France

Cocos (Keeling) Islands CK CC CCK 166 AUS .cc Colombia CO CO COL 170 COL .co Comoros CN KM COM 174 COM .km Congo, Democratic Republic of the CG CD COD 180 COD .cd formerly Zaire

Congo, Republic of the CF CG COG 178 COG .cg Cook Islands CW CK COK 184 COK .ck Coral Sea Islands CR - - - AUS - ISO includes with Australia

Costa Rica CS CR CRI 188 CRI .cr Cote d'Ivoire IV CI CIV 384 CIV .ci Croatia HR HR HRV 191 HRV .hr Cuba CU CU CUB 192 CUB .cu Curacao UC CW CUW 531 - .cw Cyprus CY CY CYP 196 CYP .cy Czech Republic EZ CZ CZE 203 CZE .cz

D

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Denmark DA DK DNK 208 DNK .dk Djibouti DJ DJ DJI 262 DJI .dj Dominica DO DM DMA 212 DMA .dm Dominican Republic DR DO DOM 214 DOM .do

E

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Ecuador EC EC ECU 218 ECU .ec Egypt EG EG EGY 818 EGY .eg El Salvador ES SV SLV 222 SLV .sv Equatorial Guinea EK GQ GNQ 226 GNQ .gq Eritrea ER ER ERI 232 ERI .er Estonia EN EE EST 233 EST .ee Ethiopia ET ET ETH 231 ETH .et Europa Island EU - - - - - administered as part of French Southern and Antarctic Lands; no ISO codes assigned

F

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) FK FK FLK 238 FLK .fk Faroe Islands FO FO FRO 234 FRO .fo Fiji FJ FJ FJI 242 FJI .fj Finland FI FI FIN 246 FIN .fi France FR FR FRA 250 FRA .fr ISO includes metropolitan France along with the dependencies of Clipperton Island, French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna

France, Metropolitan - FX FXX 249 - .fx ISO limits to the European part of France

French Guiana FG GF GUF 254 GUF .gf French Polynesia FP PF PYF 258 PYF .pf French Southern and Antarctic Lands FS TF ATF 260 ATF .tf FIPS 10-4 does not include the French-claimed portion of Antarctica (Terre Adelie)

G

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Gabon GB GA GAB 266 GAB .ga Gambia, The GA GM GMB 270 GMB .gm Gaza Strip GZ PS PSE 275 PSE .ps ISO identifies as Occupied Palestinian Territory

Georgia GG GE GEO 268 GEO .ge Germany GM DE DEU 276 DEU .de Ghana GH GH GHA 288 GHA .gh Gibraltar GI GI GIB 292 GIB .gi Glorioso Islands GO - - - - - administered as part of French Southern and Antarctic Lands; no ISO codes assigned

Greece GR GR GRC 300 GRC .gr For its internal communications, the European Union recommends the use of the code EL in lieu of the ISO 3166-2 code of GR

Greenland GL GL GRL 304 GRL .gl Grenada GJ GD GRD 308 GRD .gd Guadeloupe GP GP GLP 312 GLP .gp Guam GQ GU GUM 316 GUM .gu Guatemala GT GT GTM 320 GTM .gt Guernsey GK GG GGY 831 UK .gg Guinea GV GN GIN 324 GIN .gn Guinea-Bissau PU GW GNB 624 GNB .gw Guyana GY GY GUY 328 GUY .gy

H

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Haiti HA HT HTI 332 HTI .ht Heard Island and McDonald Islands HM HM HMD 334 HMD .hm Holy See (Vatican City) VT VA VAT 336 VAT .va Honduras HO HN HND 340 HND .hn Hong Kong HK HK HKG 344 HKG .hk Howland Island HQ - - - UMI - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Hungary HU HU HUN 348 HUN .hu

I

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Iceland IC IS ISL 352 ISL .is India IN IN IND 356 IND .in Indonesia ID ID IDN 360 IDN .id Iran IR IR IRN 364 IRN .ir Iraq IZ IQ IRQ 368 IRQ .iq Ireland EI IE IRL 372 IRL .ie Isle of Man IM IM IMN 833 UK .im Israel IS IL ISR 376 ISR .il Italy IT IT ITA 380 ITA .it

J

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Jamaica JM JM JAM 388 JAM .jm Jan Mayen JN - - - SJM - ISO includes with Svalbard

Japan JA JP JPN 392 JPN .jp Jarvis Island DQ - - - UMI - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Jersey JE JE JEY 832 UK .je Johnston Atoll JQ - - - UMI - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Jordan JO JO JOR 400 JOR .jo Juan de Nova Island JU - - - - - administered as part of French Southern and Antarctic Lands; no ISO codes assigned

K

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Kazakhstan KZ KZ KAZ 398 KAZ .kz Kenya KE KE KEN 404 KEN .ke Kingman Reef KQ - - - UMI - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Kiribati KR KI KIR 296 KIR .ki Korea, North KN KP PRK 408 PRK .kp Korea, South KS KR KOR 410 KOR .kr Kosovo KV - - - - - ISO codes have not been designated

Kuwait KU KW KWT 414 KWT .kw Kyrgyzstan KG KG KGZ 417 KGZ .kg

L

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Laos LA LA LAO 418 LAO .la Latvia LG LV LVA 428 LVA .lv Lebanon LE LB LBN 422 LBN .lb Lesotho LT LS LSO 426 LSO .ls Liberia LI LR LBR 430 LBR .lr Libya LY LY LBY 434 LBY .ly Liechtenstein LS LI LIE 438 LIE .li Lithuania LH LT LTU 440 LTU .lt Luxembourg LU LU LUX 442 LUX .lu

M

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Macau MC MO MAC 446 MAC .mo Macedonia MK MK MKD 807 FYR .mk Madagascar MA MG MDG 450 MDG .mg Malawi MI MW MWI 454 MWI .mw Malaysia MY MY MYS 458 MYS .my Maldives MV MV MDV 462 MDV .mv Mali ML ML MLI 466 MLI .ml Malta MT MT MLT 470 MLT .mt Marshall Islands RM MH MHL 584 MHL .mh Martinique MB MQ MTQ 474 MTQ .mq Mauritania MR MR MRT 478 MRT .mr Mauritius MP MU MUS 480 MUS .mu Mayotte MF YT MYT 175 FRA .yt Mexico MX MX MEX 484 MEX .mx Micronesia, Federated States of FM FM FSM 583 FSM .fm Midway Islands MQ - - - UMI - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Moldova MD MD MDA 498 MDA .md Monaco MN MC MCO 492 MCO .mc Mongolia MG MN MNG 496 MNG .mn Montenegro MJ ME MNE 499 MNE .me Montserrat MH MS MSR 500 MSR .ms Morocco MO MA MAR 504 MAR .ma Mozambique MZ MZ MOZ 508 MOZ .mz Myanmar - - - - - - see Burma

N

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Namibia WA NA NAM 516 NAM .na Nauru NR NR NRU 520 NRU .nr Navassa Island BQ - - - US - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Nepal NP NP NPL 524 NPL .np Netherlands NL NL NLD 528 NLD .nl Netherlands Antilles NT AN ANT 530 ANT .an New Caledonia NC NC NCL 540 NCL .nc New Zealand NZ NZ NZL 554 NZL .nz Nicaragua NU NI NIC 558 NIC .ni Niger NG NE NER 562 NER .ne Nigeria NI NG NGA 566 NGA .ng Niue NE NU NIU 570 NIU .nu Norfolk Island NF NF NFK 574 NFK .nf Northern Mariana Islands CQ MP MNP 580 MNP .mp Norway NO NO NOR 578 NOR .no

O

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Oman MU OM OMN 512 OMN .om

P

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Pakistan PK PK PAK 586 PAK .pk Palau PS PW PLW 585 PLW .pw Palmyra Atoll LQ - - - UMI - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Panama PM PA PAN 591 PAN .pa Papua New Guinea PP PG PNG 598 PNG .pg Paracel Islands PF - - - - - Paraguay PA PY PRY 600 PRY .py Peru PE PE PER 604 PER .pe Philippines RP PH PHL 608 PHL .ph Pitcairn Islands PC PN PCN 612 PCN .pn Poland PL PL POL 616 POL .pl Portugal PO PT PRT 620 PRT .pt Puerto Rico RQ PR PRI 630 PRI .pr

Q

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Qatar QA QA QAT 634 QAT .qa

R

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Reunion RE RE REU 638 REU .re Romania RO RO ROU 642 ROU .ro Russia RS RU RUS 643 RUS .ru Rwanda RW RW RWA 646 RWA .rw

S

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Saint Barthelemy TB BL BLM 652 - .bl ccTLD .fr and .gp may also be used

Saint Helena SH SH SHN 654 SHN .sh Saint Kitts and Nevis SC KN KNA 659 KNA .kn Saint Lucia ST LC LCA 662 LCA .lc Saint Martin RN MF MAF 663 - .mf ccTLD .fr and .gp may also be used

Saint Pierre and MiquelonSB PM SPM 666 SPM .pm Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC VC VCT 670 VCT .vc Samoa WS WS WSM 882 WSM .ws San Marino SM SM SMR 674 SMR .sm Sao Tome and Principe TP ST STP 678 STP .st Saudi Arabia SA SA SAU 682 SAU .sa Senegal SG SN SEN 686 SEN .sn Serbia RI RS SRB 688 - .rs Seychelles SE SC SYC 690 SYC .sc Sierra Leone SL SL SLE 694 SLE .sl Singapore SN SG SGP 702 SGP .sg Sint Maarten NN SX SXM 534 - .sx Slovakia LO SK SVK 703 SVK .sk Slovenia SI SI SVN 705 SVN .si Solomon Islands BP SB SLB 090 SLB .sb Somalia SO SO SOM 706 SOM .so South Africa SF ZA ZAF 710 ZAF .za South Georgia and the Islands SX GS SGS 239 SGS .gs Spain SP ES ESP 724 ESP .es Spratly Islands PG - - - - - Sri Lanka CE LK LKA 144 LKA .lk Sudan SU SD SDN 736 SDN .sd Suriname NS SR SUR 740 SUR .sr Svalbard SV SJ SJM 744 SJM .sj ISO includes Jan Mayen

Swaziland WZ SZ SWZ 748 SWZ .sz Sweden SW SE SWE 752 SWE .se Switzerland SZ CH CHE 756 CHE .ch Syria SY SY SYR 760 SYR .sy

T

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Taiwan TW TW TWN 158 TWN .tw Tajikistan TI TJ TJK 762 TJK .tj Tanzania TZ TZ TZA 834 TZA .tz Thailand TH TH THA 764 THA .th Timor-Leste TT TL TLS 626 TLS .tl Togo TO TG TGO 768 TGO .tg Tokelau TL TK TKL 772 TKL .tk Tonga TN TO TON 776 TON .to Trinidad and Tobago TD TT TTO 780 TTO .tt Tromelin Island TE - - - - - administered as part of French Southern and Antarctic Lands; no ISO codes assigned

Tunisia TS TN TUN 788 TUN .tn Turkey TU TR TUR 792 TUR .tr Turkmenistan TX TM TKM 795 TKM .tm Turks and Caicos Islands TK TC TCA 796 TCA .tc Tuvalu TV TV TUV 798 TUV .tv

U

Entity FIPS 10 ISO 3166 Stanag Internet Comment

Uganda UG UG UGA 800 UGA .ug Ukraine UP UA UKR 804 UKR .ua United Arab Emirates AE AE ARE 784 ARE .ae United Kingdom UK GB GBR 826 GBR .uk For its internal communications, the European Union recommends the use of the code UK in lieu of the ISO 3166-2 code of GB

United States US US USA 840 USA .us United States Minor Outlying Islands-UMUMI581 - .um ISO includes Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, Wake Island