The 2009 CIA World Factbook (part 22 of 25)

The 2009 CIA World Factbook (part 22 of 25)

Libya 10.4 billion cu m (2008)

Lithuania 0 cu m (2008)

Luxembourg 0 cu m (2008)

Macau 0 cu m (2008)

Macedonia 0 cu m (2008)

Madagascar 0 cu m (2008)

Malawi 0 cu m (2008)

Malaysia 31.03 billion cu m (2008)

Maldives 0 cu m (2008)

Mali 0 cu m (2008)

Malta 0 cu m (2008)

Mauritania 0 cu m (2008)

Mauritius 0 cu m (2008)

Mexico 1.136 billion cu m (2008)

Moldova 0 cu m (2008)

Mongolia 0 cu m (2008)

Montserrat 0 cu m (2008)

Morocco 0 cu m (2008)

Mozambique 3.2 billion cu m (2008)

Namibia 0 cu m (2008)

Nauru 0 cu m (2008)

Nepal 0 cu m (2008)

Netherlands 61.72 billion cu m (2008)

Netherlands Antilles 0 cu m (2008)

New Caledonia 0 cu m (2008)

New Zealand 0 cu m (2008)

Nicaragua 0 cu m (2008)

Niger 0 cu m (2008)

Nigeria 20.55 billion cu m (2008)

Niue 0 cu m (2008)

Norway 95.23 billion cu m (2008)

Oman 10.89 billion cu m (2008)

Pakistan 0 cu m (2008)

Panama 0 cu m (2008)

Papua New Guinea 0 cu m (2008)

Paraguay 0 cu m (2008)

Peru 0 cu m (2008)

Philippines 0 cu m (2008)

Poland 39 million cu m (2008)

Portugal 0 cu m (2008)

Puerto Rico 0 cu m (2008)

Qatar 56.78 billion cu m (2008)

Romania 0 cu m (2008)

Russia 243.4 billion cu m (2008)

Rwanda 0 cu m (2008)

Saint Helena 0 cu m (2008)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 cu m (2008)

Saint Lucia 0 cu m (2008)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 cu m (2008)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 cu m (2008)

Samoa 0 cu m (2008)

Sao Tome and Principe 0 cu m (2008)

Saudi Arabia 0 cu m (2008)

Senegal 0 cu m (2008)

Serbia 0 cu m (2005)

Seychelles 0 cu m (2008)

Sierra Leone 0 cu m (2008)

Singapore 0 cu m (2008)

Slovakia 186 million cu m (2008)

Slovenia 0 cu m (2008)

Solomon Islands 0 cu m (2008)

Somalia 0 cu m (2008)

South Africa 0 cu m (2008)

Spain 0 cu m (2008)

Sri Lanka 0 cu m (2008)

Sudan 0 cu m (2008)

Suriname 0 cu m (2008)

Swaziland 0 cu m (2008)

Sweden 0 cu m (2008)

Switzerland 0 cu m (2008)

Syria 0 cu m

Taiwan 0 cu m (2008)

Tajikistan 0 cu m (2008)

Tanzania 0 cu m (2008)

Thailand 0 cu m (2008)

Timor-Leste 0 cu m (2008)

Togo 0 cu m (2008)

Tonga 0 cu m (2008)

Trinidad and Tobago 17.36 billion cu m (2008)

Tunisia 0 cu m (2008)

Turkey 435 million cu m (2008)

Turkmenistan 48.5 billion cu m (2008)

Turks and Caicos Islands 0 cu m (2008)

Uganda 0 cu m (2008)

Ukraine 3.2 billion cu m (2007)

United Arab Emirates 7.567 billion cu m (2008)

United Kingdom 10.5 billion cu m (2008)

United States 28.49 billion cu m (2008)

Uruguay 0 cu m (2008)

Uzbekistan 15 billion cu m (2008)

Vanuatu 0 cu m (2008)

Venezuela 0 cu m (2008)

Vietnam 0 cu m (2008)

Virgin Islands 0 cu m (2008)

Western Sahara 0 cu m (2008)

World 980.4 billion cu m (2008)

Yemen 0 cu m (2008)

Zambia 0 cu m (2008)

Zimbabwe 0 cu m (2008)

======================================================================

@2184

Field Listing :: Internet hosts

This entry lists the number of Internet hosts available within a country. An Internet host is a computer connected directly to the Internet; normally an Internet Service Provider's (ISP) computer is a host. Internet users may use either a hard-wired terminal, at an institution with a mainframe computer connected directly to the Internet, or may connect remotely by way of a modem via telephone line, cable, or satellite to the Internet Service Provider's host computer. The number of hosts is one indicator of the extent of Internet connectivity. Country Comparison to the World Country

Internet hosts

Afghanistan 47 (2009)

Albania 14,245 (2009)

Algeria 510 (2009)

American Samoa 1,606 (2009)

Andorra 23,421 (2009)

Angola 3,508 (2009)

Anguilla 258 (2009)

Antarctica 7,758 (2009)

Antigua and Barbuda 7,421 (2009)

Argentina 4.906 million (2009)

Armenia 36,354 (2009)

Aruba 25,051 (2009)

Australia 11.756 million (2009)

Austria 2.992 million (2009)

Azerbaijan 7,045 (2009)

Bahamas, The 8,325 (2009)

Bahrain 51,489 (2009)

Bangladesh 4,209 (2009)

Barbados 235 (2009)

Belarus 113,115 (2009)

Belgium 4.367 million (2009)

Belize 3,017 (2009)

Benin 1,155 (2009)

Bermuda 15,548 (2009)

Bhutan 9,096 (2009)

Bolivia 105,031 (2009)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 69,370 (2009)

Botswana 7,341 (2009)

Bouvet Island 0 (2009)

Brazil 15.929 million (2009)

British Indian Ocean Territory 160 (2009)

British Virgin Islands 581 (2009)

Brunei 14,978 (2009)

Bulgaria 706,648 (2009)

Burkina Faso 1,951 (2009)

Burma 128 (2009)

Burundi 191 (2009)

Cambodia 2,480 (2009)

Cameroon 70 (2009)

Canada 7.193 million (2009)

Cape Verde 24 (2009)

Cayman Islands 21,428 (2009)

Central African Republic 21 (2009)

Chad 5 (2009)

Chile 877,817 (2009)

China 14.156 million (2009)

Christmas Island 2,598 (2009)

Colombia 2.217 million (2009)

Comoros 7 (2009)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 3,015 (2009)

Congo, Republic of the 18 (2009)

Cook Islands 2,480 (2009)

Costa Rica 34,066 (2009)

Cote d'Ivoire 9,822 (2009)

Croatia 1.23 million (2009)

Cuba 3,637 (2009)

Cyprus 185,451 (2009)

Czech Republic 3.233 million (2009)

Denmark 3.991 million (2009)

Djibouti 199 (2009)

Dominica 485 (2009)

Dominican Republic 280,457 (2009)

Ecuador 57,785 (2009)

Egypt 177,443 (2009)

El Salvador 8,177 (2009)

Equatorial Guinea 9 (2009)

Eritrea 1,307 (2009)

Estonia 706,449 (2009)

Ethiopia 136 (2009)

European Union 118,760; note - this sum reflects the number of internet hosts assigned the .eu internet country code (2009)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 90 (2009)

Faroe Islands 8,833 (2009)

Fiji 12,747 (2009)

Finland 4.205 million (2009)

France 14.327 million; 14,341,000 (metropolitan France) (2009)

French Polynesia 13,796 (2009)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands 44 (2009)

Gabon 91 (2009)

Gambia, The 895 (2009)

Georgia 104,243 (2009)

Germany 23.796 million (2009)

Ghana 23,850 (2009)

Gibraltar 1,955 (2009)

Greece 2.342 million (2009)

Greenland 14,134 (2009)

Grenada 42 (2009)

Guam 23 (2009)

Guatemala 132,049 (2009)

Guernsey 174 (2009)

Guinea 14 (2009)

Guinea-Bissau 82 (2009)

Guyana 7,116 (2009)

Haiti 9 (2009)

Holy See (Vatican City) 63 (2009)

Honduras 15,691 (2009)

Hong Kong 813,980 (2009)

Hungary 2.261 million (2009)

Iceland 272,201 (2009)

India 3.611 million (2009)

Indonesia 865,309 (2009)

Iran 45,678 (2009)

Iraq 11 (2009)

Ireland 1.303 million (2009)

Isle of Man 478 (2009)

Israel 1.544 million (2009)

Italy 22.152 million (2009)

Jamaica 3,961 (2009)

Japan 47.249 million (2009)

Jersey 219 (2009)

Jordan 28,896 (2009)

Kazakhstan 48,873 (2009)

Kenya 32,913 (2009)

Kiribati 41 (2009)

Korea, North 3 (2009)

Korea, South 301,270 (2009)

Kuwait 2,305 (2009)

Kyrgyzstan 82,496 (2009)

Laos 1,661 (2009)

Latvia 257,414 (2009)

Lebanon 45,352 (2009)

Lesotho 127 (2009)

Liberia 5 (2009)

Libya 11,751 (2009)

Liechtenstein 9,287 (2009)

Lithuania 885,064 (2009)

Luxembourg 220,107 (2009)

Macau 244 (2009)

Macedonia 57,763 (2009)

Madagascar 27,807 (2009)

Malawi 741 (2009)

Malaysia 362,968 (2009)

Maldives 1,732 (2009)

Mali 519 (2009)

Malta 25,139 (2009)

Marshall Islands 6 (2009)

Mauritania 15 (2009)

Mauritius 22,813 (2009)

Mayotte 1 (2009)

Mexico 12.716 million (2009)

Micronesia, Federated States of 1,050 (2009)

Moldova 367,150 (2009)

Monaco 22,608 (2009)

Mongolia 524 (2009)

Montenegro 3,245 (2009)

Montserrat 688 (2009)

Morocco 276,521 (2009)

Mozambique 21,388 (2009)

Namibia 17,840 (2009)

Nauru 47 (2009)

Nepal 43,411 (2009)

Netherlands 12.388 million (2009)

Netherlands Antilles 71,671 (2009)

New Caledonia 22,448 (2009)

New Zealand 2.007 million (2009)

Nicaragua 88,742 (2009)

Niger 253 (2009)

Nigeria 1,098 (2009)

Niue 396,370 (2009)

Norfolk Island 89 (2009)

Northern Mariana Islands 9 (2009)

Norway 3.198 million (2009)

Oman 6,346 (2009)

Pakistan 226,236 (2009)

Palau 2 (2009)

Panama 8,067 (2009)

Papua New Guinea 3,432 (2009)

Paraguay 71,487 (2009)

Peru 274,592 (2009)

Philippines 283,607 (2009)

Pitcairn Islands 26 (2009)

Poland 8.906 million (2009)

Portugal 1.967 million (2009)

Puerto Rico 700 (2009)

Qatar 722 (2009)

Romania 2.188 million (2009)

Russia 7.663 million (2009)

Rwanda 81 (2009)

Saint Helena 343 (2009)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 53 (2009)

Saint Lucia 103 (2009)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 (2009)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 181 (2009)

Samoa 13,985 (2009)

San Marino 6,734 (2009)

Sao Tome and Principe 1,345 (2009)

Saudi Arabia 471,217 (2009)

Senegal 227 (2009)

Serbia 181,313 (2009)

Seychelles 324 (2009)

Sierra Leone 273 (2009)

Singapore 864,943 (2009)

Slovakia 867,615 (2009)

Slovenia 88,567 (2009)

Solomon Islands 4,067 (2009)

Somalia 0 (2009)

South Africa 1.73 million (2009)

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands 363 (2009)

Spain 3.537 million (2009)

Sri Lanka 6,090 (2009)

Sudan 48 (2009)

Suriname 162 (2009)

Swaziland 2,609 (2009)

Sweden 3.886 million (2009)

Switzerland 3.697 million (2009)

Syria 7,879 (2009)

Taiwan 5.704 million (2009)

Tajikistan 987 (2009)

Tanzania 24,724 (2009)

Thailand 1.231 million (2009)

Timor-Leste 169 (2009)

Togo 784 (2009)

Tokelau 360 (2009)

Tonga 20,107 (2009)

Trinidad and Tobago 162,849 (2009)

Tunisia 406 (2009)

Turkey 2.961 million (2009)

Turkmenistan 755 (2009)

Turks and Caicos Islands 9,445 (2009)

Tuvalu 103,041 (2009)

Uganda 6,757 (2009)

Ukraine 706,485 (2009)

United Arab Emirates 379,106 (2009)

United Kingdom 9.322 million (2009)

United States 383 million (2009); note - the US Internet total host count includes the following top level domain host addresses: .us, .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net, and .org

Uruguay 498,232 (2009)

Uzbekistan 50,228 (2009)

Vanuatu 1,023 (2009)

Venezuela 155,139 (2009)

Vietnam 170,689 (2009)

Virgin Islands 8,726 (2009)

Wallis and Futuna 1,480 (2009)

Yemen 242 (2009)

Zambia 14,951 (2009)

Zimbabwe 29,094 (2009)

======================================================================

@2185

Field Listing :: Investment (gross fixed)

This entry records total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Country Comparison to the World Country

Investment (gross fixed)(% of GDP)

Albania 23.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Algeria 26.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Angola 9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Argentina 23.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Armenia 39% of GDP (2008 est.)

Australia 28.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Austria 22.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Azerbaijan 21.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Bahrain 26.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Bangladesh 24.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Belarus 31.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Belgium 22.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Belize 27.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Benin 19.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Bolivia 18% of GDP (2008 est.)

Botswana 23.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Brazil 19% of GDP (2008 est.)

Bulgaria 33.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Burkina Faso 19.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Burma 14.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Burundi 12.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Cambodia 22.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Cameroon 17.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Canada 22.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Cape Verde 41.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Chad 13.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Chile 24% of GDP (2008 est.)

China 40.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Colombia 24.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Congo, Republic of the 34.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Costa Rica 24.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 9.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Croatia 31.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Cuba 10.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Cyprus 23.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Czech Republic 24% of GDP (2008 est.)

Denmark 21.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Dominican Republic 19.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Ecuador 22.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Egypt 19.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

El Salvador 14.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 31.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Eritrea 20.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Estonia 28.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Ethiopia 25.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

European Union 21.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Finland 20.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

France 21.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Gabon 27.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Gambia, The 28% of GDP (2008 est.)

Georgia 22.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Germany 19.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Ghana 32.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Greece 20.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Guatemala 18.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Guinea 12.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Guyana 35.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Haiti 28.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Honduras 33.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Hong Kong 19.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Hungary 20.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Iceland 23.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

India 39% of GDP (2008 est.)

Indonesia 23.6% of GDP (2008)

Iran 26.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Ireland 21.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Israel 18.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Italy 20.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Jamaica 26.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Japan 23% of GDP (2008 est.)

Jordan 32.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Kazakhstan 27.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Kenya 21.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Korea, South 27.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Kosovo 30% of GDP (2007 est.)

Kuwait 18.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 23.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Latvia 30.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Lebanon 22.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Lesotho 40.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Libya 9.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Lithuania 24.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Luxembourg 20.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Macedonia 20.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Madagascar 26.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Malawi 8.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Malaysia 19.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Malta 16.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Mauritius 25.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Mexico 22.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Moldova 32.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Montenegro 30.5% of GDP (2006 est.)

Morocco 32.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Mozambique 24.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Namibia 23.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Netherlands 20.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

New Zealand 22.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Nicaragua 34.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Nigeria 21.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Norway 20.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Oman 27.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Pakistan 20% of GDP (2008 est.)

Panama 25.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Papua New Guinea 19.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Paraguay 19.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Peru 25.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Philippines 14.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Poland 22% of GDP (2008 est.)

Portugal 21.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Qatar 32.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Romania 33.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Russia 22.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Rwanda 22% of GDP (2008 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe 38.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Saudi Arabia 19.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Senegal 25.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Serbia 20.1% of GDP (2007 est.)

Seychelles 13.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Singapore 28.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Slovakia 25.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Slovenia 28% of GDP (2008 est.)

South Africa 23.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Spain 29.4% of GDP (2008 est.)

Sri Lanka 24.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Sudan 18.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Swaziland 18.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Sweden 19.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Switzerland 21.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Syria 21.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Taiwan 20.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Tajikistan 12% of GDP (2008 est.)

Tanzania 22.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

Thailand 27.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Togo 20.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 16.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Tunisia 21.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Turkey 20.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Turkmenistan 1.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Uganda 23.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

Ukraine 27.2% of GDP (2008 est.)

United Arab Emirates 22.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

United Kingdom 16.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

United States 14.3% of GDP (2008 est.)

Uruguay 18.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Venezuela 19.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

Vietnam 41.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

World 21.8% of GDP (2008 est.)

Yemen 25.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Zambia 25.5% of GDP (2008 est.)

Zimbabwe 17.7% of GDP (2008 est.)

======================================================================

@2186

Field Listing :: Public debt

This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings. Country Comparison to the World Country

Public debt(% of GDP)

Albania 51.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 51.4% of GDP (2007 est.)

Algeria 8.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 37.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Angola 15.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 12% of GDP (2007 est.)

Argentina 48.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 118% of GDP (June 2004 est.)

Aruba 46.3% of GDP (2005)

Australia 14.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 17.4% of GDP (2004 est.) note: the Commonwealth government eliminated its net debt in 2006, but continues a gross debt issue to support the market for risk-free securities

Austria 62.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 64.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan 4.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 18.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Bahrain 28.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 63.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Bangladesh 39.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 43% of GDP (2004 est.)

Belgium 89.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 96.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Bhutan 81.4% of GDP (2004) 81.4% of GDP (2004)

Bolivia 45.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 46.3% of GDP (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 40% of GDP (2008 est.) 34% of GDP (2007 est.)

Botswana 5.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 8.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

Brazil 38.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 52% of GDP (2004 est.)

Bulgaria 14.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 41.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Cameroon 13.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 69.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Canada 63.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 64.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Chile 5.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 12.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

China 15.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 31.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Colombia 42.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 51.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Costa Rica 42.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 58% of GDP (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 66.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 74.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Croatia 42.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 41.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

Cuba 34.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 36.8% of GDP (2007 est.)

Cyprus 49.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 74.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Czech Republic 26.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 33.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Denmark 33.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 42.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Dominican Republic 37.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 61.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Ecuador 25.1% of GDP (2008 est.)

Egypt 86.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 102.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

El Salvador 44.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 41.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 0.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2007 est.)

Estonia 4.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 5.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Ethiopia 32% of GDP (2008 est.) 44.5% of GDP (2007 est.)

Finland 33.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 46.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

France 68.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 67.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

Gabon 24.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 29.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Germany 66% of GDP (2008 est.) 65.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Ghana 53.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 58.5% of GDP (2007 est.)

Gibraltar 15.7% of GDP (2005 est.)

Greece 97.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 112% of GDP (2004 est.)

Guatemala 25.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 32% of GDP (2004 est.)

Honduras 20.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 74.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Hong Kong 13.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Hungary 67.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 58.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Iceland 56.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 35.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

India 56.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 59.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

Indonesia 29.3% of GDP (2008 est.) 56.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Iran 19.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 27% of GDP (2004 est.)

Ireland 44.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 31.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Israel 76.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 104.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Italy 105.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 105.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

Jamaica 116.3% of GDP (2008 est.) 146.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Japan 172.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 164.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Jordan 62.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 85.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan 8.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 13.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

Kenya 60.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 74.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Korea, South 24.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 21.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Kosovo NA

Kuwait 7.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 29.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

Latvia 19.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 11.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Lebanon 160.3% of GDP (2008 est.) 177.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Libya 4% of GDP (2008 est.) 8.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Lithuania 15.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 25.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Luxembourg 10.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 6.4% of GDP (2007 est.)

Macedonia 20.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 20% of GDP (2004 est.)

Malawi 49.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 228.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Malaysia 40% of GDP (2008 est.) 45.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Mauritius 56.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 29.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Mexico 35.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 23.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Moldova 22.3% of GDP (2008 est.) 63.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Montenegro 38% of GDP (2006)

Morocco 55.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 70.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Mozambique 21.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 22.2% of GDP (2007 est.)

Namibia 20% of GDP (2008 est.) 38.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Netherlands 58.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 55.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

New Zealand 24.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 22.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Nicaragua 74.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 69.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Nigeria 13.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 20% of GDP (2004 est.)

Norway 55.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 33.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Oman 2.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 10.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Pakistan 51.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 71.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Panama 45% of GDP (2008 est.) 69.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea 32.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 59.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Paraguay 19.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 39.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Peru 24% of GDP (2008 est.) 44.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Philippines 56.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 74.2% of GDP (September 2004 est.)

Poland 45.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 49.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Portugal 66.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 61.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Qatar 5.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 11% of GDP (2007 est.)

Romania 14.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 23.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

Russia 6.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 28.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia 18.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 75% of GDP (2004 est.)

Senegal 21.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 55.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Serbia 37% of GDP (2007 est.)

Seychelles 74.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 122.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

Singapore 99.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 102.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Slovakia 28.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 46.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

Slovenia 23% of GDP (2008 est.) 31.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

South Africa 31.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 45.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Spain 40.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 53.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka 76.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 104.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Sudan 100% of GDP (2008 est.) 79.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

Sweden 36.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 51.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

Switzerland 40.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 57.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Syria 25.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 32% of GDP (2004 est.)

Taiwan 29.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 32.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Tanzania 23.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Thailand 37.9% of GDP (2008 est.) 47.6% of GDP (November 2004 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 26.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 54.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Tunisia 48.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 59.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Turkey 40% of GDP (2008 est.) 74.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

Uganda 18.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 73.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Ukraine 10.3% of GDP (2008 est.) 24.7% of GDP (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates 40.7% of GDP (2008 est.) 17.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

United Kingdom 51.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 39.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

United States 37.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 65% of GDP (2004 est.)

Uruguay 59.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 64.8% of GDP (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan 10.4% of GDP (2008 est.) 41.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Venezuela 13.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 43.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Vietnam 48.8% of GDP (2008 est.) 65.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Wallis and Futuna 5.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

Yemen 28.1% of GDP (2008 est.) 46.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Zambia 29.5% of GDP (2008 est.) 127.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe 265.6% of GDP (2008 est.) 52.3% of GDP (2004 est.)

======================================================================

@2187

Field Listing :: Current account balance

This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Country Comparison to the World Country

Current account balance

Afghanistan -$67 million (2007 est.)

Albania -$1.906 billion (2008 est.) -$1.202 billion (2007 est.)

Algeria $35.27 billion (2008 est.) $30.6 billion (2007 est.)

Angola $17.11 billion (2008 est.) $9.402 billion (2007 est.)

Anguilla -$42.87 million (2003 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda -$211 million (2007 est.)

Argentina $7.077 billion (2008 est.) $7.103 billion (2007 est.)

Armenia -$1.355 billion (2008 est.) -$589.6 million (2007 est.)

Australia -$44.04 billion (2008 est.) -$57.68 billion (2007 est.)

Austria $14.27 billion (2008 est.) $12.03 billion (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan $16.45 billion (2008 est.) $9.019 billion (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The -$1.442 billion (2007 est.)

Bahrain $2.257 billion (2008 est.) $2.907 billion (2007 est.)

Bangladesh $1.032 billion (2008 est.) $856.8 million (2007 est.)

Barbados -$254 million (2007 est.)

Belarus -$5.063 billion (2008 est.) -$3.042 billion (2007 est.)

Belgium -$12.88 billion (2008 est.) $7.751 billion (2007 est.)

Belize -$153.7 million (2008 est.) -$51.1 million (2007 est.)

Benin -$735 million (2008 est.) -$407 million (2007 est.)

Bhutan $116 million (2007 est.)

Bolivia $2.015 billion (2008 est.) $1.984 billion (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina -$2.764 billion (2008 est.) -$1.931 billion (2007 est.)

Botswana $750.3 million (2008 est.) $2.434 billion (2007 est.)

Brazil -$28.19 billion (2008 est.) $1.551 billion (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands $134.3 million (1999)

Brunei $7.101 billion (2007 est.)

Bulgaria -$12.65 billion (2008 est.) -$8.716 billion (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso -$931 million (2008 est.) -$564 million (2007 est.)

Burma $1.281 billion (2008 est.) $1.285 billion (2007 est.)

Burundi -$182 million (2008 est.) -$116.8 million (2007 est.)

Cambodia -$1.06 billion (2008 est.) -$506.3 million (2007 est.)

Cameroon -$96 million (2008 est.) -$547 million (2007 est.)

Canada $7.61 billion (2008 est.) $14.53 billion (2007 est.)

Cape Verde -$259 million (2008 est.) -$132.6 million (2007 est.)

Central African Republic -$77 million (2007 est.)

Chad -$1.019 billion (2008 est.) -$737.8 million (2007 est.)

Chile -$3.44 billion (2008 est.) $7.189 billion (2007 est.)

China $426.1 billion (2008 est.) $371.8 billion (2007 est.)

Colombia -$6.712 billion (2008 est.) -$5.838 billion (2007 est.)

Comoros $8 million (2007 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the -$402 million (2007 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $848 million (2008 est.) -$2.181 billion (2007 est.)

Cook Islands $26.67 million (2005)

Costa Rica -$2.648 billion (2008 est.) -$1.578 billion (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $488 million (2008 est.) -$146 million (2007 est.)

Croatia -$6.397 billion (2008 est.) -$4.447 billion (2007 est.)

Cuba -$2.58 billion (2008 est.) $412 million (2007 est.)

Cyprus -$4.479 billion (2008 est.) -$2.595 billion (2007 est.)

Czech Republic -$6.642 billion (2008 est.) -$5.655 billion (2007 est.)

Denmark $6.938 billion (2008 est.) $2.378 billion (2007 est.)

Djibouti -$212 million (2007 est.)

Dominica -$72 million (2007 est.)

Dominican Republic -$4.436 billion (2008 est.) -$2.068 billion (2007 est.)

Ecuador $1.194 billion (2008 est.) $1.65 billion (2007 est.)

Egypt -$1.331 billion (2008 est.) $500.9 million (2007 est.)

El Salvador -$1.595 billion (2008 est.) -$1.119 billion (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $1.42 billion (2008 est.) $540.9 million (2007 est.)

Eritrea -$229 million (2008 est.) -$203 million (2007 est.)

Estonia -$2.192 billion (2008 est.) -$3.771 billion (2007 est.)

Ethiopia -$1.806 billion (2008 est.) -$827.9 million (2007 est.)

European Union $51.4 billion (2008 est.)

Fiji -$507 million (2007 est.)

Finland $5.518 billion (2008 est.) $10.12 billion (2007 est.)

France -$52.91 billion (2008 est.) -$31.25 billion (2007 est.)

Gabon $2.727 billion (2008 est.) $1.549 billion (2007 est.)

Gambia, The -$127 million (2008 est.) -$80.3 million (2007 est.)

Georgia -$2.915 billion (2008 est.) -$2.119 billion (2007 est.)

Germany $243.6 billion (2008 est.) $263.1 billion (2007 est.)

Ghana -$3.471 billion (2008 est.) -$1.717 billion (2007 est.)

Greece -$51.53 billion (2008 est.) -$44.4 billion (2007 est.)

Grenada -$138 million (2007 est.)

Guatemala -$1.932 billion (2008 est.) -$1.754 billion (2007 est.)

Guinea -$489 million (2008 est.) -$463 million (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau -$6 million (2007 est.)

Guyana -$362 million (2008 est.) -$165.7 million (2007 est.)

Haiti -$611 million (2008 est.) -$407 million (2007 est.)

Honduras -$1.977 billion (2008 est.) -$1.274 billion (2007 est.)

Hong Kong $30.52 billion (2008 est.) $25.53 billion (2007 est.)

Hungary -$12.98 billion (2008 est.) -$8.922 billion (2007 est.)

Iceland -$6.606 billion (2008 est.) -$3.178 billion (2007 est.)

India -$36.09 billion (2008 est.) -$10.88 billion (2007 est.)

Indonesia $604 million (2008 est.) $10.49 billion (2007 est.)

Iran $20.19 billion (2008 est.) $34.08 billion (2007 est.)

Iraq $14.05 billion (2008 est.) $4.909 billion (2007 est.)

Ireland -$13.88 billion (2008 est.) -$14.12 billion (2007 est.)

Israel $2.213 billion (2008 est.) $4.185 billion (2007 est.)

Italy -$78.03 billion (2008 est.) -$51.03 billion (2007 est.)

Jamaica -$2.745 billion (2008 est.) -$1.744 billion (2007 est.)

Japan $156.6 billion (2008 est.) $210.5 billion (2007 est.)

Jordan -$2.39 billion (2008 est.) -$2.767 billion (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $6.978 billion (2008 est.) -$8.226 billion (2007 est.)

Kenya -$1.978 billion (2008 est.) -$1.102 billion (2007 est.)

Kiribati -$21 million (2007 est.)

Korea, South -$6.349 billion (2008 est.) $5.954 billion (2007 est.)

Kosovo -$964 million

Kuwait $64.78 billion (2008 est.) $47.48 billion (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan -$680 million (2008 est.) -$267.9 million (2007 est.)

Laos -$52 million (2008 est.) $107.3 million (2007 est.)

Latvia -$4.492 billion (2008 est.) -$6.485 billion (2007 est.)

Lebanon -$2.987 billion (2008 est.) -$1.395 billion (2007 est.)

Lesotho $121 million (2008 est.) $211.8 million (2007 est.)

Liberia -$224 million (2007)

Libya $37.39 billion (2008 est.) $28.45 billion (2007 est.)

Lithuania -$5.629 billion (2008 est.) -$5.692 billion (2007 est.)

Luxembourg $2.979 billion (2008 est.) $4.928 billion (2007 est.)

Macedonia -$1.21 billion (2008 est.) -$247 million (2007 est.)

Madagascar -$1.03 billion (2008 est.) -$807 million (2007 est.)

Malawi -$241 million (2008 est.) -$75 million (2007 est.)

Malaysia $33.76 billion (2008 est.) $28.93 billion (2007 est.)

Maldives -$638 million (2008 est.) -$472 million (2007 est.)

Mali -$446 million (2007 est.)

Malta -$445 million (2008 est.) -$468 million (2007 est.)

Mauritania -$184 million (2007 est.)

Mauritius -$972.8 million (2008 est.) -$408.3 million (2007 est.)

Mexico -$15.81 billion (2008 est.) -$8.331 billion (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of -$34.3 million (FY05 est.)

Moldova -$1.015 billion (2008 est.) -$695.5 million (2007 est.)

Mongolia -$1 billion (2008 est.) -$23 million (2007 est.)

Montenegro -$1.102 billion (2007 est.)

Morocco -$5.836 billion (2008 est.) -$224 million (2007 est.)

Mozambique -$975.3 million (2008 est.) -$785.3 million (2007 est.)

Namibia $239.8 million (2008 est.) $693.2 million (2007 est.)

Nepal $241 million (2008) $58 million (2007)

Netherlands $41.93 billion (2008 est.) $59.51 billion (2007 est.)

New Zealand -$11.34 billion (2008 est.) -$10.63 billion (2007 est.)

Nicaragua -$1.475 billion (2008 est.) -$1.048 billion (2007 est.)

Niger -$321 million (2007 est.) -$321 million (2007 est.)

Nigeria $3.877 billion (2008 est.) $2.203 billion (2007 est.)

Norway $88.34 billion (2008 est.) $60.46 billion (2007 est.)

Oman $5.523 billion (2008 est.) $1.933 billion (2007 est.)

Pakistan -$15.68 billion (2008 est.) -$8.297 billion (2007 est.)

Palau $15.09 million (FY03/04)

Panama -$2.792 billion (2008 est.) -$1.422 billion (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea $710 million (2008 est.) $193.6 million (2007 est.)

Paraguay -$345 million (2008 est.) $126.1 million (2007 est.)

Peru -$4.18 billion (2008 est.) $1.22 billion (2007 est.)

Philippines $4.227 billion (2008 est.) $7.119 billion (2007 est.)

Poland -$26.91 billion (2008 est.) -$20.12 billion (2007 est.)

Portugal -$29.6 billion (2008 est.) -$21.18 billion (2007 est.)

Qatar $15.07 billion (2008 est.) $10.45 billion (2007 est.)

Romania -$24.81 billion (2008 est.) -$23.02 billion (2007 est.)

Russia $102.4 billion (2008 est.) $77.01 billion (2007 est.)

Rwanda -$292 million (2008 est.) -$147 million (2007 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis -$163 million (2007 est.)

Saint Lucia -$199 million (2007 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -$149 million (2007 est.)

Samoa -$24 million (2007 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe -$67 million (2008 est.) -$44 million (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia $132.6 billion (2008 est.) $96.77 billion (2007 est.)

Senegal -$975 million (2008 est.) -$1.18 billion (2007 est.)

Serbia -$6.889 billion (2007 est.)

Seychelles -$430 million (2008 est.) -$274.8 million (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone -$63 million (2007 est.)

Singapore $25.78 billion (2008 est.) $39.11 billion (2007 est.)

Slovakia -$6.43 billion (2008 est.) -$4.482 billion (2007 est.)

Slovenia -$3.323 billion (2008 est.) -$1.982 billion (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands -$143 million (2007 est.)

South Africa -$20.98 billion (2008 est.) -$20.78 billion (2007 est.)

Spain -$154.1 billion (2008 est.) -$145.4 billion (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka -$3.876 billion (2008 est.) -$1.464 billion (2007 est.)

Sudan -$1.314 billion (2008 est.) -$3.447 billion (2007 est.)

Suriname $24 million (2007 est.)

Swaziland -$33 million (2008 est.) $4 million (2007 est.)

Sweden $40.32 billion (2008 est.) $38.42 billion (2007 est.)

Switzerland $41.21 billion (2008 est.) $43.95 billion (2007 est.)

Syria -$791 million (2008 est.) $402 million (2007 est.)

Taiwan $24.89 billion (2008 est.) $32.98 billion (2007 est.)

Tajikistan $47.6 million (2008 est.) -$495.1 million (2007 est.)

Tanzania -$3.536 billion (2008 est.) -$1.856 billion (2007 est.)

Thailand -$113 million (2008 est.) $15.76 billion (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste $1.161 billion (2007 est.)

Togo -$272 million (2008 est.) -$154 million (2007 est.)

Tonga -$23 million (2007 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $5.401 billion (2008 est.) $5.364 billion (2007 est.)

Tunisia -$1.667 billion (2008 est.) -$904 million (2007 est.)

Turkey -$41.69 billion (2008 est.) -$37.7 billion (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan $4.669 billion (2008 est.) $3.285 billion (2007 est.)

Tuvalu -$11.68 million (2003)

Uganda -$1.088 billion (2008 est.) -$744.7 million (2007 est.)

Ukraine -$12.76 billion (2008 est.) -$5.918 billion (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates $22.31 billion (2008 est.) $25.84 billion (2007 est.)

United Kingdom -$45.68 billion (2008 est.) -$78.78 billion (2007 est.)

United States -$706.1 billion (2008 est.) -$731.2 billion (2007 est.)

Uruguay -$1.484 billion (2008 est.) -$82.7 million (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan $6.257 billion (2008 est.) $4.267 billion (2007 est.)

Vanuatu -$60 million (2007 est.)

Venezuela $39.21 billion (2008 est.) $20 billion (2007 est.)

Vietnam -$10.71 billion (2008 est.) -$6.993 billion (2007 est.)

Yemen -$1.113 billion (2008 est.) -$1.547 billion (2007 est.)

Zambia -$977 million (2008 est.) -$198 million (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe -$584.6 million (2008 est.) -$494.8 million (2007 est.)

======================================================================

@2188

Field Listing :: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. Country Comparison to the World Country

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Albania $2.364 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.162 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Algeria $143.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $110.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Angola $18.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $11.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Argentina $46.37 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $46.12 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Armenia $1.407 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.659 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Australia $32.92 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $26.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Austria $16.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $18.22 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Azerbaijan $6.519 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.273 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bahrain $3.803 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.101 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bangladesh $5.789 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.278 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Barbados $620 million (2007) $620 million (2007)

Belarus $2.687 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.952 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Belgium $15.65 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Belize $166.2 million (31 December 2008 est.) $108.5 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Benin $1.261 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.209 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bolivia $7.722 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.318 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $3.516 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.525 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Botswana $9.119 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $9.79 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Brazil $193.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $180.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bulgaria $17.93 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $17.54 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Burkina Faso $926.3 million (31 December 2008 est.) $1.029 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Burma $3.412 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.312 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Burundi $266.7 million (31 December 2008 est.) $177.1 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Cambodia $2.641 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.143 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cameroon $3.091 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.932 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Canada $43.87 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $41.08 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cape Verde $258 million (31 December 2008 est.) $281 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Chad $1.347 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $964.4 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Chile $23.08 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.84 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

China $1.955 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.534 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Colombia $23.67 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $20.95 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $3.873 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.184 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Costa Rica $3.799 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.114 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $2.252 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.519 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Croatia $12.96 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.67 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cuba $4.047 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.747 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cyprus $1.003 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.507 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Czech Republic $36.68 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $34.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Denmark $42.32 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $34.32 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Dominican Republic $2.288 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.562 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ecuador $4.473 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.521 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Egypt $33.85 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $31.37 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

El Salvador $2.545 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.199 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $4.431 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.846 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Eritrea $24 million (31 December 2008 est.) $34 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Estonia $3.972 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.27 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ethiopia $870.5 million (31 December 2008 est.) $1.29 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

European Union $NA

Finland $8.346 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $8.385 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

France $102.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $115.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Gabon $1.925 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.238 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Gambia, The $140 million (31 December 2008 est.) $142.8 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Georgia $1.48 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.361 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Germany $138 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $136.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ghana $2.028 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.831 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Greece $3.473 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.658 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Guatemala $4.471 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.139 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Guinea $93 million (31 December 2008 est.) $86 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Guyana $355.9 million (31 December 2008 est.) $313 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Haiti $708 million (31 December 2008 est.) $555 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Honduras $2.492 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.546 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hong Kong $182.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $152.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hungary $33.87 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $24.05 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iceland $2.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.436 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

India $254 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $273.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Indonesia $51.64 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $56.92 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iran $96.56 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $82.06 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iraq $49.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $30.66 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ireland $1.023 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $926.2 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Israel $42.51 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $28.52 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Italy $105.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $94.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Jamaica $1.767 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.879 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Japan $1.011 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $954.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Jordan $8.918 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.929 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $19.87 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $17.63 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kenya $2.879 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.355 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Korea, South $201.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $262.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kosovo $NA

Kuwait $17.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $1.225 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.177 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Laos $803 million (31 December 2008 est.) $540 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Latvia $5.248 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.758 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lebanon $28.28 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $20.55 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lesotho $993 million (31 December 2008 est.) $874 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Libya $92.51 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $79.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lithuania $6.441 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.721 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Luxembourg $397.8 million (31 December 2008 est.) $205.5 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Macedonia $2.109 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.265 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Madagascar $982.3 million (31 December 2008 est.) $846.7 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Malawi $185 million (31 December 2008 est.) $217.2 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Malaysia $91.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $101.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Malta $373.4 million (31 December 2008 est.) $3.798 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Mauritius $1.785 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.822 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Mexico $95.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $87.19 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Moldova $1.672 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.334 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Montenegro $NA

Morocco $22.72 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $24.72 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Mozambique $1.578 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.445 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Namibia $1.293 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $896 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Netherlands $28.51 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $26.98 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

New Zealand $11.15 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $17.25 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nicaragua $1.141 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.103 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nigeria $53 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $51.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Norway $50.95 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $60.84 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Oman $11.58 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $9.524 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Pakistan $8.903 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $15.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Panama $2.693 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.935 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea $1.987 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.087 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Paraguay $2.863 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.462 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Peru $31.25 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $27.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Philippines $37.55 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $33.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Poland $62.18 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $65.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Portugal $11.95 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $11.55 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Qatar $9.998 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $9.752 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Romania $39.47 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $39.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Russia $427.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $476.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Rwanda $596 million (31 December 2008 est.) $552.8 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Samoa $70.15 million (FY03/04)

Sao Tome and Principe $43 million (31 December 2008 est.) $39 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia $30.59 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $34.01 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Senegal $1.601 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.66 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Serbia $14.22 billion (2007 est.) $14.22 billion (2007 est.)

Seychelles $64 million (31 December 2008 est.) $40.8 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Singapore $174.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $163 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovakia $18.78 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $18.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovenia $7.57 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.682 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

South Africa $34.07 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $32.94 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Spain $20.25 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $19.05 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sri Lanka $2.655 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.644 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sudan $1.399 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.378 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Suriname $263.3 million (2006)

Swaziland $752 million (31 December 2008 est.) $774.2 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Sweden $29.72 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $31.04 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Switzerland $74.07 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $75.37 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Syria $6.765 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.507 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Taiwan $296.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $275 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tajikistan $195 million (31 December 2008 est.) $328 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Tanzania $2.869 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Thailand $111 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $87.46 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Togo $580 million (31 December 2008 est.) $438 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Tonga $40.83 million (yearend, FY04/05)

Trinidad and Tobago $9.496 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.745 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tunisia $8.853 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.854 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Turkey $73.66 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $76.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Turkmenistan $13.88 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.19 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Uganda $2.301 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.56 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ukraine $31.54 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $32.48 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates $31.69 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $77.24 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United Kingdom $52.98 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $57.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United States $77.65 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $70.57 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Uruguay $6.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.121 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Uzbekistan $10.15 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.413 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vanuatu $40.54 million (2003)

Venezuela $42.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $33.48 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vietnam $24.18 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $23.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Yemen $8.157 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.759 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zambia $1.096 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zimbabwe $96 million (31 December 2008 est.) $117 million (31 December 2007 est.)

======================================================================

@2189

Field Listing :: Union name

Country

Union name

European Union conventional long form: European Union abbreviation: EU

======================================================================

@2190

Field Listing :: Political structure

Country

Political structure

European Union a hybrid intergovernmental and supranational organization

======================================================================

@2191

Field Listing :: Member states

Country

Member states

European Union 27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK; note - Canary Islands (Spain), Azores and Madeira (Portugal), French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion (France) are sometimes listed separately even though they are legally a part of Spain, Portugal, and France; candidate countries: Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey

======================================================================

@2192

Field Listing :: Preliminary statement

Country

Preliminary statement

European Union The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's supranational organization of 27 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe. On a few occasions even country-level unions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were examples - but for such a large number of nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarching entity is truly unique. Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has many of the attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, anthem, founding date, and currency, as well as an incipient common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations. In the future, many of these nation-like characteristics are likely to be expanded. Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a new, separate entity in The World Factbook. However, because of the EU's special status, this description is placed after the regular country entries.

======================================================================

@2193

Field Listing :: Major infectious diseases

This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. The diseases listed do not necessarily represent the total disease burden experienced by the local population. The risk to an individual traveler varies considerably by the specific location, visit duration, type of activities, type of accommodations, time of year, and other factors. Consultation with a travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk and recommend appropriate preventive measures such as vaccines. Diseases are organized into the following six exposure categories shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of risk. Note: The sequence of exposure categories listed in individual country entries may vary according to local conditions. food or waterborne diseases acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy: Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; spread through consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea; 15% of victims will experience prolonged symptoms over 6-9 months; vaccine available. Hepatitis E - water-borne viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; most commonly spread through fecal contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark colored urine. Typhoid fever - bacterial disease spread through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated, mortality rates can reach 20%. vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected arthropod: Malaria - caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium; transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito; parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats accompanied by anemia; death due to damage to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to the brain; endemic in 100, mostly tropical, countries with 90% of cases and the majority of 1.5-2.5 million estimated annual deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Dengue fever - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of fever and severe headache; occasionally produces shock and hemorrhage leading to death in 5% of cases. Yellow fever - mosquito-borne viral disease; severity ranges from influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever; occurs only in tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases are reported; fatality rate is less than 20%. Japanese Encephalitis - mosquito-borne (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) viral disease associated with rural areas in Asia; acute encephalitis can progress to paralysis, coma, and death; fatality rates 30%. African Trypanosomiasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma; transmitted to humans via the bite of bloodsucking Tsetse flies; infection leads to malaise and irregular fevers and, in advanced cases when the parasites invade the central nervous system, coma and death; endemic in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa; cattle and wild animals act as reservoir hosts for the parasites. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa leishmania; transmitted to humans via the bite of sandflies; results in skin lesions that may become chronic; endemic in 88 countries; 90% of cases occur in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Peru; wild and domesticated animals as well as humans can act as reservoirs of infection. Plague - bacterial disease transmitted by fleas normally associated with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible; recent plague epidemics occurred in areas of Asia, Africa, and South America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages; manifests as fever, headache, and painfully swollen lymph nodes; disease progresses rapidly and without antibiotic treatment leads to pneumonic form with a death rate in excess of 50%. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - tick-borne viral disease; infection may also result from exposure to infected animal blood or tissue; geographic distribution includes Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe; sudden onset of fever, headache, and muscle aches followed by hemorrhaging in the bowels, urine, nose, and gums; mortality rate is approximately 30%. Rift Valley fever - viral disease affecting domesticated animals and humans; transmission is by mosquito and other biting insects; infection may also occur through handling of infected meat or contact with blood; geographic distribution includes eastern and southern Africa where cattle and sheep are raised; symptoms are generally mild with fever and some liver abnormalities, but the disease may progress to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease; fatality rates are low at about 1% of cases. Chikungunya - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments, similar to Dengue Fever; characterized by sudden onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain usually lasting 3-7 days, some cases result in persistent arthritis. water contact diseases acquired through swimming or wading in freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers: Leptospirosis - bacterial disease that affects animals and humans; infection occurs through contact with water, food, or soil contaminated by animal urine; symptoms include high fever, severe headache, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; untreated, the disease can result in kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, or respiratory distress; fatality rates are low but left untreated recovery can take months. Schistosomiasis - caused by parasitic trematode flatworm Schistosoma; fresh water snails act as intermediate host and release larval form of parasite that penetrates the skin of people exposed to contaminated water; worms mature and reproduce in the blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and intestines releasing eggs, which become trapped in tissues triggering an immune response; may manifest as either urinary or intestinal disease resulting in decreased work or learning capacity; mortality, while generally low, may occur in advanced cases usually due to bladder cancer; endemic in 74 developing countries with 80% of infected people living in sub-Saharan Africa; humans act as the reservoir for this parasite. aerosolized dust or soil contact disease acquired through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent urine: Lassa fever - viral disease carried by rats of the genus Mastomys; endemic in portions of West Africa; infection occurs through direct contact with or consumption of food contaminated by rodent urine or fecal matter containing virus particles; fatality rate can reach 50% in epidemic outbreaks. respiratory disease acquired through close contact with an infectious person: Meningococcal meningitis - bacterial disease causing an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; one of the most important bacterial pathogens is Neisseria meningitidis because of its potential to cause epidemics; symptoms include stiff neck, high fever, headaches, and vomiting; bacteria are transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets and facilitated by close and prolonged contact resulting from crowded living conditions, often with a seasonal distribution; death occurs in 5-15% of cases, typically within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms; highest burden of meningococcal disease occurs in the hyperendemic region of sub-Saharan Africa known as the "Meningitis Belt" which stretches from Senegal east to Ethiopia. animal contact disease acquired through direct contact with local animals: Rabies - viral disease of mammals usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs; virus affects the central nervous system causing brain alteration and death; symptoms initially are non-specific fever and headache progressing to neurological symptoms; death occurs within days of the onset of symptoms. Country

Major infectious diseases

Afghanistan degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Angola degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Argentina degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Bangladesh degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Belize degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Benin degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Bhutan degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Bolivia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Botswana degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2009)

Burkina Faso degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Burma degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Burundi degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Cambodia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Cameroon degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Central African Republic degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Chad degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

China degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever soil contact disease: hantaviral hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Colombia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Congo, Republic of the degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Costa Rica degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2009)

Cote d'Ivoire degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Croatia degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Cuba degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2009)

Djibouti degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Dominican Republic degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Ecuador degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Egypt degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: Rift Valley fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

El Salvador degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Equatorial Guinea degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Eritrea degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2009)

Estonia degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2009)

Ethiopia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Gabon degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and chikungunya water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Gambia, The degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Ghana degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Guatemala degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Guinea degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2009)

Guinea-Bissau degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Guyana degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Haiti degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Honduras degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Hungary degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2009)

India degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: leptospirosis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Indonesia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, and malaria note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Iran degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and malaria note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Iraq degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Kenya degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and Rift Valley fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Laos degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008) (2009)

Latvia degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2009)

Liberia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Lithuania degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2009)

Madagascar degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, malaria, and plague water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Malawi degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Malaysia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Mali degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2009)

Mauritania degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and Rift Valley fever respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Mexico degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: dengue fever water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Montenegro degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (2009)

Mozambique degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Namibia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Nepal degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue fever (2009)

Nicaragua degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Niger degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Nigeria degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever water contact disease: leptospirosis and shistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Pakistan degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Panama degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)

Papua New Guinea degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2009)

Paraguay degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)

Peru degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Philippines degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Poland degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Russia degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Rwanda degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Sao Tome and Principe degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Senegal degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, malaria, Rift Valley fever, and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Serbia degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Sierra Leone degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2009)

Somalia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

South Africa degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Sri Lanka degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne disease: dengue fever and chikungunya water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Sudan degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Suriname degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: dengue fever, Mayaro virus, and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Swaziland degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Tajikistan degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2009)

Tanzania degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Thailand degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: leptospirosis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Timor-Leste degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever and malaria (2009)

Togo degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Uganda degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Venezuela degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)

Vietnam degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and plague water contact disease: leptospirosis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Yemen degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Zambia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Zimbabwe degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

======================================================================

@2194

Field Listing :: Refugees and internally displaced persons

This entry includes those persons residing in a country as refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs). The definition of a refugee according to a United Nations Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution." The UN established the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950 to handle refugee matters worldwide. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has a different operational definition for a Palestinian refugee: "a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948 and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict." However, UNHCR also assists some 400,000 Palestinian refugees not covered under the UNRWA definition. The term "internally displaced person" is not specifically covered in the UN Convention; it is used to describe people who have fled their homes for reasons similar to refugees, but who remain within their own national territory and are subject to the laws of that state. Country

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Afghanistan IDPs: 132,246 (mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced in south and west due to drought and instability) (2007)

Algeria refugees (country of origin): 90,000 (Western Saharan Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf) IDPs: undetermined (civil war during 1990s) (2007)

Angola refugees (country of origin): 12,615 (Democratic Republic of Congo) IDPs: 61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2007)

Armenia refugees (country of origin): 113,295 (Azerbaijan) IDPs: 8,400 (conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, majority have returned home since 1994 ceasefire) (2007)

Azerbaijan refugees (country of origin): 2,400 (Russia) IDPs: 580,000-690,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh) (2007)

Bangladesh refugees (country of origin): 26,268 (Burma) IDPs: 65,000 (land conflicts, religious persecution) (2007)

Benin refugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)

Bosnia and Herzegovina refugees (country of origin): 7,269 (Croatia) IDPs: 131,600 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced in 1992-95 war) (2007)

Burma IDPs: 503,000 (government offensives against ethnic insurgent groups near the eastern borders; most IDPs are ethnic Karen, Karenni, Shan, Tavoyan, and Mon) (2007)

Burundi refugees (country of origin): 9,849 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) IDPs: 100,000 (armed conflict between government and rebels; most IDPs in northern and western Burundi) (2007)

Cameroon refugees (country of origin): 20,000-30,000 (Chad); 3,000 (Nigeria); 24,000 (Central African Republic) (2007)

Central African Republic refugees (country of origin): 7,900 (Sudan); 3,700 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); note - UNHCR resumed repatriation of Southern Sudanese refugees in 2006 IDPs: 197,000 (ongoing unrest following coup in 2003) (2007)

Chad refugees (country of origin): 234,000 (Sudan); 54,200 (Central African Republic) IDPs: 178,918 (2007)

China refugees (country of origin): 300,897 (Vietnam); estimated 30,000-50,000 (North Korea) IDPs: 90,000 (2007)

Colombia IDPs: 1.8-3.5 million (conflict between government and illegal armed groups and drug traffickers) (2007)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the refugees (country of origin): 132,295 (Angola); 37,313 (Rwanda); 17,777 (Burundi); 13,904 (Uganda); 6,181 (Sudan); 5,243 (Republic of Congo) IDPs: 1.4 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; most IDPs are in eastern provinces) (2007)

Congo, Republic of the refugees (country of origin): 46,341 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 6,564 (Rwanda) IDPs: 48,000 (multiple civil wars since 1992; most IDPs are ethnic Lari) (2007)

Costa Rica refugees (country of origin): 9,699-11,500 (Colombia) (2007)

Cote d'Ivoire refugees (country of origin): 25,615 (Liberia) IDPs: 709,000 (2002 coup; most IDPs are in western regions) (2007)

Croatia IDPs: 2,900-7,000 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-95 war) (2007)

Cyprus IDPs: 210,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced for over 30 years) (2007)

Djibouti refugees (country of origin): 8,642 (Somalia) (2007)

Ecuador refugees (country of origin): 11,526 (Colombia); note - UNHCR estimates as many as 250,000 Columbians are seeking asylum in Ecuador, many of whom do not register as refugees for fear of deportation (2007)

Egypt refugees (country of origin): 60,000 - 80,000 (Iraq); 70,198 (Palestinian Territories); 12,157 (Sudan) (2007)

Eritrea IDPs: 32,000 (border war with Ethiopia from 1998-2000; most IDPs are near the central border region) (2007)

Ethiopia refugees (country of origin): 66,980 (Sudan); 16,576 (Somalia); 13,078 (Eritrea) IDPs: 200,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnic clashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgency in Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2007)

Gabon refugees (country of origin): 7,178 (Republic of Congo) (2007)

Gambia, The refugees (country of origin): 5,955 (Sierra Leone) (2007)

Gaza Strip refugees (country of origin): 1.017 million (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) (2007)

Georgia refugees (country of origin): 1,100 (Russia) IDPs: 220,000-240,000 (displaced from Abkhazia and South Ossetia) (2007)

Ghana refugees (country of origin): 35,653 (Liberia); 8,517 (Togo) (2007)

Guatemala IDPs: undetermined (the UN does not estimate there are any IDPs, although some NGOs estimate over 200,000 IDPs as a result of over three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996) (2007)

Guinea refugees (country of origin): 21,856 (Liberia); 5,259 (Sierra Leone); 3,900 (Cote d'Ivoire) IDPs: 19,000 (cross-border incursions from Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone) (2007)

Guinea-Bissau refugees (country of origin): 7,454 (Senegal) (2007)

India refugees (country of origin): 77,200 (Tibet/China); 69,609 (Sri Lanka); 9,472 (Afghanistan) IDPs: at least 600,000 (about half are Kashmiri Pandits from Jammu and Kashmir) (2007)

Indonesia IDPs: 200,000-350,000 (government offensives against rebels in Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi Provinces, and Maluku) (2007)

Iran refugees (country of origin): 914,268 (Afghanistan); 54,024 (Iraq) (2007)

Iraq refugees (country of origin): 10,000-15,000 (Palestinian Territories); 11,773 (Iran); 16,832 (Turkey) IDPs: 2.4 million (ongoing US-led war and ethno-sectarian violence) (2007)

Israel IDPs: 150,000-420,000 (Arab villagers displaced from homes in northern Israel) (2007)

Jordan refugees (country of origin): 1,835,704 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)); 500,000 (Iraq) IDPs: 160,000 (1967 Arab-Israeli War) (2007)

Kazakhstan refugees (country of origin): 3,700 (Russia); 508 (Afghanistan) (2007)

Kenya refugees (country of origin): 173,702 (Somalia); 73,004 (Sudan); 16,428 (Ethiopia) IDPs: 250,000-400,000 (2007 post-election violence; KANU attacks on opposition tribal groups in 1990s) (2007)

Korea, North IDPs: undetermined (flooding in mid-2007 and famine during mid-1990s) (2007)

Kosovo IDP's: 21,000 (2007)

Lebanon refugees (country of origin): 405,425 (Palestinian refugees (UNRWA)); 50,000-60,000 (Iraq) IDPs: 17,000 (1975-90 civil war, Israeli invasions); 200,000 (July-August 2006 war) (2007)

Liberia refugees (country of origin): 12,600 (Cote d'Ivoire) IDPs: 13,000 (civil war from 1990-2004; IDP resettlement began in November 2004) (2007)

Libya refugees (country of origin): 8,000 (Palestinian Territories) (2007)

Macedonia IDPs: fewer than 1,000 (ethnic conflict in 2001) (2007)

Malaysia refugees (country of origin): 15,174 (Indonesia); 21,544 (Burma) (2007)

Maldives IDPs: 1,000-10,000 (December 2004 tsunami victims) (2007)

Mali refugees (country of origin): 6,300 (Mauritania) (2007)

Mexico IDPs: 5,500-10,000 (government's quashing of Zapatista uprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region) (2007)

Montenegro refugees (country of origin): 7,000 (Kosovo); note - mostly ethnic Serbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999 IDPs: 16,192 (ethnic conflict in 1999 and riots in 2004) (2007)

Namibia refugees (country of origin): 4,700 (Angola) (2007)

Nepal refugees (country of origin): 107,803 (Bhutan); 20,153 (Tibet/China) IDPs: 50,000-70,000 (remaining from ten-year Maoist insurgency that officially ended in 2006; displacement spread across the country) (2007)

Nigeria refugees (country of origin): 5,778 (Liberia) IDPs: undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims since President OBASANJO's election in 1999; displacement is mostly short-term) (2007)

Pakistan refugees (country of origin): 1,043,984 (Afghanistan) IDPs: undetermined (government strikes on Islamic militants in South Waziristan); 34,000 (October 2005 earthquake; most of those displaced returned to their home villages in the spring of 2006) (2007)

Papua New Guinea refugees (country of origin): 10,177 (Indonesia) (2007)

Peru IDPs: 60,000-150,000 (civil war from 1980-2000; most IDPs are indigenous peasants in Andean and Amazonian regions) (2007)

Philippines IDPs: 300,000 (fighting between government troops and MILF and Abu Sayyaf groups) (2007)

Russia IDPs: 18,000-160,000 (displacement from Chechnya and North Ossetia) (2007)

Rwanda refugees (country of origin): 46,272 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,400 (Burundi) (2007)

Saudi Arabia refugees (country of origin): 240,015 (Palestinian Territories) (2007)

Senegal refugees (country of origin): 19,630 (Mauritania) IDPs: 22,400 (approximately 65% of the IDP population returned in 2005, but new displacement is occurring due to clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2007)

Serbia refugees (country of origin): 71,111 (Croatia); 27,414 (Bosnia and Herzegovina); 206,000 (Kosovo), note - mostly ethnic Serbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999 (2007)

Sierra Leone refugees (country of origin): 27,311 (Liberia) (2007)

Solomon Islands IDPs: 5,400 (displaced by tsunami on 2 April 2007) (2007)

Somalia IDPs: 1.1 million (civil war since 1988, clan-based competition for resources) (2007)

South Africa refugees (country of origin): 10,772 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 7,818 (Somalia); 5,759 (Angola) (2007)

Sri Lanka IDPs: 460,000 (both Tamils and non-Tamils displaced due to long-term civil war between the government and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)) (2007)

Sudan refugees (country of origin): 157,220 (Eritrea); 25,023 (Chad); 11,009 (Ethiopia); 7,895 (Uganda); 5,023 (Central African Republic) IDPs: 5.3 - 6.2 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region) (2007)

Syria refugees (country of origin): 1-1.4 million (Iraq); 522,100 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) IDPs: 305,000 (most displaced from Golan Heights during 1967 Arab-Israeli War) (2007)

Tanzania refugees (country of origin): 352,640 (Burundi); 127,973 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)

Thailand refugees (country of origin): 132,241 (Burma) (2007)

Timor-Leste IDPs: 100,000 (2007)

Togo refugees (country of origin): 5,000 (Ghana) IDPs: 1,500 (2007)

Turkey IDPs: 1-1.2 million (fighting 1984-99 between Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs in southeastern provinces) (2007)

Turkmenistan refugees (country of origin): 11,173 (Tajikistan); less than 1,000 (Afghanistan) (2007)

Uganda refugees (country of origin): 215,700 (Sudan); 28,880 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 24,900 (Rwanda) IDPs: 1.27 million (350,000 IDPs returned in 2006 following ongoing peace talks between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the Government of Uganda) (2007)

United States refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 62,643 refugees during FY04/05 including; 10,586 (Somalia); 8,549 (Laos); 6,666 (Russia); 6,479 (Cuba); 3,100 (Haiti); 2,136 (Iran) (2006)

Uzbekistan refugees (country of origin): 39,202 (Tajikistan); 1,060 (Afghanistan) IDPs: 3,400 (forced population transfers by government from villages near Tajikistan border) (2007)

West Bank refugees (country of origin): 722,000 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) (2007)

World the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that in December 2006 there was a global population of 8.8 million registered refugees and as many as 24.5 million IDPs in more than 50 countries; the actual global population of refugees is probably closer to 10 million given the estimated 1.5 million Iraqi refugees displaced throughout the Middle East (2007)

Yemen refugees (country of origin): 91,587 (Somalia) (2007)

Zambia refugees (country of origin): 42,565 (Angola); 60,874 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,100 (Rwanda) (2007)

Zimbabwe refugees (country of origin): 2,500 (Democratic Republic of Congo) IDPs: 569,685 (MUGABE-led political violence, human rights violations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2007)

======================================================================

@2195

Field Listing :: GDP (official exchange rate)

This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at official exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artificially fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed. Country

GDP (official exchange rate)

Afghanistan $11.71 billion (2008 est.)

Albania $12.96 billion (2008 est.)

Algeria $159.7 billion (2008 est.)

American Samoa $462.2 million (2005)

Andorra $NA

Angola $84.95 billion (2008 est.)

Anguilla $108.9 million (2004 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda $1.224 billion (2008 est.)

Argentina $324.8 billion (2008 est.)

Armenia $11.92 billion (2008 est.)

Aruba $2.258 billion (2005 est.)

Australia $1.013 trillion (2008 est.)

Austria $414.8 billion (2008 est.)

Azerbaijan $46.38 billion (2008 est.)

Bahamas, The $7.564 billion (2008 est.)

Bahrain $21.24 billion (2008 est.)

Bangladesh $84.2 billion (2008 est.)

Barbados $3.67 billion (2008 est.)

Belarus $60.3 billion (2008 est.)

Belgium $506.2 billion (2008)

Belize $1.359 billion (2008 est.)

Benin $6.712 billion (2008 est.)

Bermuda $NA

Bhutan $1.389 billion (2008 est.)

Bolivia $16.6 billion (2008 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $18.47 billion (2008 est.)

Botswana $13.46 billion (2008 est.)

Brazil $1.573 trillion (2008 est.)

British Virgin Islands $839.7 million (2003)

Brunei $14.55 billion (2008 est.)

Bulgaria $49.9 billion (2008)

Burkina Faso $8.116 billion (2008 est.)

Burma $26.21 billion (2008 est.)

Burundi $1.097 billion (2008 est.)

Cambodia $11.25 billion (2008 est.)

Cameroon $23.73 billion (2008 est.)

Canada $1.5 trillion (2008 est.)

Cape Verde $1.744 billion (2008 est.)

Cayman Islands $NA

Central African Republic $1.997 billion (2008 est.)

Chad $8.4 billion (2008 est.)

Chile $169.5 billion (2008 est.)

China $4.327 trillion (2008 est.)

Colombia $240.8 billion (2008 est.)

Comoros $532 million (2008 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $11.63 billion (2008 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $10.77 billion (2008 est.)

Cook Islands $183.2 million (2005 est.)

Costa Rica $29.66 billion (2008 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $23.51 billion (2008 est.)

Croatia $69.36 billion (2008 est.)

Cuba $54.71 billion (2008 est.)

Cyprus $24.92 billion (2008 est.)

Czech Republic $216.4 billion (2008 est.)

Denmark $340 billion (2008 est.)

Djibouti $982 million (2008 est.)

Dominica $364 million (2008 est.)

Dominican Republic $44.44 billion (2008 est.)

Ecuador $54.69 billion (2008 est.)

Egypt $162.6 billion (2008 est.)

El Salvador $22.12 billion (2008 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $18.53 billion (2008 est.)

Eritrea $1.479 billion (2008 est.)

Estonia $23.55 billion (2008 est.)

Ethiopia $26.39 billion (2008 est.)

European Union $18.14 trillion (2008 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $105.1 million (2002 est.)

Faroe Islands $1.7 billion (2005 est.)

Fiji $3.589 billion (2008 est.)

Finland $271.9 billion (2008 est.)

France $2.867 trillion (2008 est.)

French Polynesia $6.1 billion (2004)

Gabon $14.54 billion (2008 est.)

Gambia, The $810 million (2008 est.)

Gaza Strip $6.641 billion (2008 est.) (2008 est.)

Georgia $12.86 billion (2008 est.)

Germany $3.673 trillion (2008 est.)

Ghana $16.65 billion (2008 est.)

Gibraltar $1.066 billion (2005 est.)

Greece $357.5 billion (2008 est.)

Greenland $1.7 billion (2005)

Grenada $678 million (2008 est.)

Guam $2.773 billion (2001)

Guatemala $38.98 billion (2008 est.)

Guernsey $2.742 billion (2005)

Guinea $4.517 billion (2008 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $461 million (2008 est.)

Guyana $1.154 billion (2008 est.)

Haiti $6.943 billion (2008 est.)

Honduras $14 billion (2008 est.)

Hong Kong $215.4 billion (2008 est.)

Hungary $155.9 billion (2008 est.)

Iceland $16.79 billion (2008 est.)

India $1.207 trillion (2008 est.)

Indonesia $511.8 billion (2008 est.)

Iran $335.2 billion (2008 est.)

Iraq $91.45 billion (2008 est.)

Ireland $267.6 billion (2008 est.)

Isle of Man $2.719 billion (2005 est.)

Israel $202.1 billion (2008 est.)

Italy $2.314 trillion (2008 est.)

Jamaica $14.03 billion (2008 est.)

Japan $4.911 trillion (2008 est.)

Jersey $5.1 billion (2005 est.)

Jordan $21.23 billion (2008 est.)

Kazakhstan $135.6 billion (2008 est.)

Kenya $29.56 billion (2008 est.)

Kiribati $137 million (2008 est.)

Korea, North $26.2 billion (2008 est.)

Korea, South $929.1 billion (2008 est.)

Kosovo $3.237 billion (2007 est.)

Kuwait $158.1 billion (2008 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $5.05 billion (2008 est.)

Laos $5.374 billion (2008 est.)

Latvia $33.98 billion (2008 est.)

Lebanon $29.35 billion (2008 est.)

Lesotho $1.618 billion (2008 est.)

Liberia $850 million (2008 est.)

Libya $89.92 billion (2008 est.)

Liechtenstein $4.993 billion (2007)

Lithuania $47.3 billion (2008 est.)

Luxembourg $54.97 billion (2008 est.)

Macau $22.04 billion (2008 est.)

Macedonia $9.569 billion (2008 est.)

Madagascar $9.463 billion (2008 est.)

Malawi $4.268 billion (2008 est.)

Malaysia $221.6 billion (2008 est.)

Maldives $1.261 billion (2008 est.)

Mali $8.774 billion (2008 est.)

Malta $8.37 billion (2008 est.)

Marshall Islands $161.7 million (2008 est.)

Mauritania $3.161 billion (2008 est.)

Mauritius $8.738 billion (2008 est.)

Mayotte $NA

Mexico $1.088 trillion (2008 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $238.1 million (2008)

Moldova $6.047 billion (2008 est.)

Monaco $NA

Mongolia $5.243 billion (2008 est.)

Montenegro $4.848 billion (2008 est.)

Montserrat $NA

Morocco $88.88 billion (2008 est.)

Mozambique $9.897 billion (2008 est.)

Namibia $8.835 billion (2008 est.)

Nauru $NA

Nepal $12.28 billion (2008 est.)

Netherlands $877 billion (2008 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $NA

New Caledonia $3.3 billion (2003 est.)

New Zealand $128.4 billion (2008 est.)

Nicaragua $6.365 billion (2008 est.)

Niger $5.382 billion (2008 est.)

Nigeria $207.1 billion (2008 est.)

Niue $10.01 million (2003)

Northern Mariana Islands $633.4 million (2000)

Norway $451.8 billion (2008 est.)

Oman $59.95 billion (2008 est.)

Pakistan $164.6 billion (2008 est.)

Palau $164 million (2008)

Panama $23.09 billion (2008 est.)

Papua New Guinea $8.092 billion (2008 est.)

Paraguay $16.01 billion (2008 est.)

Peru $127.5 billion (2008 est.)

Philippines $166.9 billion (2008 est.)

Poland $527.9 billion (2008 est.)

Portugal $244.6 billion (2008 est.)

Puerto Rico $88 billion (2008 est.)

Qatar $102.3 billion (2008 est.)

Romania $200.1 billion (2008 est.)

Russia $1.677 trillion (2008 est.)

Rwanda $4.459 billion (2008 est.)

Saint Helena $NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis $546 million (2008 est.)

Saint Lucia $987 million (2008 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $601 million (2008 est.)

Samoa $500 million (2008 est.)

San Marino $1.048 billion (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe $175 million (2008 est.)

Saudi Arabia $469.4 billion (2008 est.)

Senegal $13.35 billion (2008 est.)

Serbia $50.06 billion (2008 est.)

Seychelles $822 million (2008 est.)

Sierra Leone $1.953 billion (2008 est.)

Singapore $181.9 billion (2008 est.)

Slovakia $95.4 billion (2008 est.)

Slovenia $54.64 billion (2008 est.)

Solomon Islands $642 million (2008 est.)

Somalia $2.6 billion (2008 est.)

South Africa $276.8 billion (2008 est.)

Spain $1.602 trillion (2008 est.)

Sri Lanka $39.6 billion (2008 est.)

Sudan $58.03 billion (2008 est.)

Suriname $2.933 billion (2008 est.)

Swaziland $2.84 billion (2008 est.)

Sweden $479 billion (2008 est.)

Switzerland $500.3 billion (2008 est.)

Syria $55.02 billion (2008 est.)

Taiwan $391.4 billion (2008 est.)

Tajikistan $5.135 billion (2008 est.)

Tanzania $20.67 billion (2008 est.)

Thailand $273.3 billion (2008 est.)

Timor-Leste $499 million (2008 est.)

Togo $2.89 billion (2008 est.)

Tokelau $NA

Tonga $258 million (2008 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $25.93 billion (2008 est.)

Tunisia $40.84 billion (2008 est.)

Turkey $730 billion (2008 est.)

Turkmenistan $29.16 billion (2008 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $NA

Tuvalu $14.94 million (2002)

Uganda $14.57 billion (2008 est.)

Ukraine $179.6 billion (2008 est.)

United Arab Emirates $262.2 billion (2008 est.)

United Kingdom $2.68 trillion (2008 est.)

United States $14.44 trillion (2008 est.)

Uruguay $32.19 billion (2008 est.)

Uzbekistan $27.92 billion (2008 est.)

Vanuatu $573 million (2008 est.)

Venezuela $319.4 billion (2008 est.)

Vietnam $89.83 billion (2008 est.)

Virgin Islands $NA

Wallis and Futuna $NA

West Bank $6.641 billion (2008 est.) (2008 est.)

Western Sahara $NA

World GWP (gross world product): $61.22 trillion (2008 est.)

Yemen $26.91 billion (2008 est.)

Zambia $14.65 billion (2008 est.)

Zimbabwe $10.58 billion note: hyperinflation and the plunging value of the Zimbabwean dollar makes Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic (2008 est.)

======================================================================

@2196

Field Listing :: Trafficking in persons

Trafficking in persons is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced, defrauded, or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation. The International Labor Organization (ILO), the UN agency charged with addressing labor standards, employment, and social protection issues, estimates that 12.3 million people worldwide are enslaved in forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor, sexual servitude, and involuntary servitude at any given time. Human trafficking is a multi-dimensional threat, depriving people of their human rights and freedoms, risking global health, promoting social breakdown, inhibiting development by depriving countries of their human capital, and helping fuel the growth of organized crime. In 2000, the US Congress passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), reauthorized in 2003 and 2005, which provides tools for the US to combat trafficking in persons, both domestically and abroad. One of the law's key components is the creation of the US Department of State's annual Trafficking in Persons Report, which assesses the government response (i.e., the current situation) in some 150 countries with a significant number of victims trafficked across their borders who are recruited, harbored, transported, provided, or obtained for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Countries in the annual report are rated in three tiers, based on government efforts to combat trafficking. The countries identified in this entry are those listed in the 2008 Trafficking in Persons Report as Tier 2 Watch List or Tier 3 based on the following tier rating definitions: Tier 2 Watch List countries do not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but are making significant efforts to do so, and meet one of the following criteria: 1. they display high or significantly increasing number of victims, 2. they have failed to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons, or, 3. they have committed to take action over the next year. Tier 3 countries neither satisfy the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking nor demonstrate a significant effort to do so. Countries in this tier are subject to potential non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions. Country

Trafficking in persons

Albania current situation: Albania is a source country for women and girls trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; it is no longer considered a major country of transit; Albanian victims are trafficked to Greece, Italy, Macedonia, and Kosovo, with many trafficked onward to Western European countries; children were also trafficked to Greece for begging and other forms of child labor; approximately half of all Albanian trafficking victims are under age 18; internal sex trafficking of women and children is on the rise tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Albania is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons in 2007, particularly in the area of victim protection; the government did not appropriately identify trafficking victims during 2007, and has not demonstrated that it is vigorously investigating or prosecuting complicit officials (2008)

Algeria current situation: Algeria is a transit country for men and women trafficked from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude; Algerian children are trafficked internally for the purpose of domestic servitude or street vending tier rating: Tier 3 - Algeria did not report any serious law enforcement actions to punish traffickers who force women into commercial sexual exploitation or men into involuntary servitude in 2007; the government again reported no investigations of trafficking of children for domestic servitude or improvements in protection services available to victims of trafficking; Algeria still lacks victim protection services, and its failure to distinguish between trafficking and illegal migration may result in the punishment of victims of trafficking (2008)

Argentina current situation: Argentina is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; most victims are trafficked within the country, from rural to urban areas; child sex tourism is a problem; foreign women and children, primarily from Paraguay, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic, are trafficked to Argentina for commercial sexual exploitation; Argentine women and girls are also trafficked to neighboring countries, Mexico, and Western Europe for sexual exploitation; a significant number of Bolivians, Peruvians, and Paraguayans are trafficked into the country for forced labor in sweatshops, agriculture, and as domestic servants tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - despite some progress, Argentina remains on the Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly in terms of providing adequate assistance to victims and curbing official complicity with trafficking activity, especially on the provincial and local levels; the Argentine Congress has demonstrated progress by enacting much-needed and first-ever federal anti-trafficking legislation (2009)

Armenia current situation: Armenia is primarily a source country for women and girls trafficked to the UAE and Turkey for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; Armenian men and women are trafficked to Turkey and Russia for the purpose of forced labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Armenia is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List for a fourth consecutive year; its efforts to increase compliance with the minimum standards were assessed based on its commitments to undertake future actions, particularly in the areas of improving victim protection and assistance; while the government elevated anti-trafficking responsibilities to the ministerial level, adopted a new National Action Plan, and drafted a National Referral Mechanism, it has yet to show tangible progress in identifying and protecting victims or in tackling trafficking complicity of government officials; the Armenian Government made some notable improvements in its anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts, but it failed to demonstrate evidence of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences of officials complicit in trafficking (2008)

Azerbaijan current situation: Azerbaijan is primarily a source and transit country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; women and some children from Azerbaijan are trafficked to Turkey and the UAE for the purpose of sexual exploitation; men and boys are trafficked to Russia for the purpose of forced labor; Azerbaijan serves as a transit country for victims from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Moldova trafficked to Turkey and the UAE for sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Azerbaijan is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons, particularly efforts to investigate, prosecute, and punish traffickers; to address complicity among law enforcement personnel; and to adequately identify and protect victims in Azerbaijan; the government has yet to develop a much-needed mechanism to identify potential trafficking victims and refer them to safety and care; poor treatment of trafficking victims in courtrooms continues to be a problem (2008)

Bahrain current situation: Bahrain is a destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; men and women from Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia migrate voluntarily to Bahrain to work as laborers or domestic servants where some face conditions of involuntary servitude such as unlawful withholding of passports, restrictions on movements, non-payment of wages, threats, and physical or sexual abuse; women from Thailand, Morocco, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia are trafficked to Bahrain for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Bahrain is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show evidence of increased efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly efforts that enforce laws against trafficking in persons, and that prevent the punishment of victims of trafficking; during 2007, Bahrain passed a comprehensive law prohibiting all forms of trafficking in persons; the government also established a specialized anti-trafficking unit within the Ministry of Interior to investigate trafficking crimes; however, the government did not report any prosecutions or convictions for trafficking offenses during 2007, despite reports of a substantial problem of involuntary servitude and sex trafficking (2008)

Burma current situation: Burma is a source country for women, children, and men trafficked for the purpose of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; Burmese women and children are trafficked to East and Southeast Asia for commercial sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, and forced labor; Burmese children are subjected to conditions of forced labor in Thailand as hawkers, beggars, and for work in shops, agriculture, fish processing, and small-scale industries; women are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to Malaysia and China; some trafficking victims transit Burma from Bangladesh to Malaysia and from China to Thailand; internal trafficking occurs primarily from villages to urban centers and economic hubs for labor in industrial zones, agricultural estates, and commercial sexual exploitation; military and civilian officials continue to use a significant amount of forced labor; ethnic insurgent groups also used compulsory labor of adults and unlawful recruitment of children; the military junta's gross economic mismanagement, human rights abuses, and its policy of using forced labor are the top causal factors for Burma's significant trafficking problem tier rating: Tier 3 - Burma does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; military and civilian officials remain directly involved in significant acts of forced labor and unlawful conscription of child soldiers (2008)

Burundi current situation: Burundi is a source country for children trafficked for the purposes of child soldiering, domestic servitude, and commercial sexual exploitation; a small number of Burundian children may be trafficked internally for domestic servitude or commercial sexual exploitation; in early 2008, Burundian children were allegedly trafficked to Uganda, via Rwanda, for agricultural labor and commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Burundi is on the Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year for its failure to provide sufficient evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons in 2007; the government's inability to provide adequate protective services to children accused of association with armed groups and to conduct anti-trafficking law enforcement activities continue to be causes for concern; Burundi has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Cameroon current situation: Cameroon is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; most victims are children trafficked within country, with girls primarily trafficked for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation; both boys and girls are also trafficked within Cameroon for forced labor in sweatshops, bars, restaurants, and on tea and cocoa plantations; children are trafficked into Cameroon from neighboring states for forced labor in agriculture, fishing, street vending, and spare-parts shops; Cameroon is a transit country for children trafficked between Gabon and Nigeria, and from Nigeria to Saudi Arabia; it is a source country for women transported by sex-trafficking rings to Europe tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cameroon is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking in 2007, particularly in terms of efforts to prosecute and convict trafficking offenders; while Cameroon reported some arrests of traffickers, none of them were prosecuted or punished; the government does not identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations nor does it monitor the number of victims it intercepts (2008)

Central African Republic current situation: Central African Republic is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; the majority of victims are children trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, street vending, and forced agricultural, mine, market and restaurant labor; to a lesser extent, children are trafficked from the Central African Republic to Cameroon, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo; rebels conscript children into armed forces within the country tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Central African Republic is on the Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in 2007; efforts to address trafficking through vigorous law enforcement measures and victim protection efforts were minimal, though awareness about trafficking appeared to be increasing in the country; the government does not actively investigate cases, work to identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations, or rescue and provide care to victims; the government has not taken measures to reduce demand for commercial sex acts (2008)

Chad current situation: Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; the majority of children are trafficked within Chad for involuntary domestic servitude, forced cattle herding, forced begging, forced labor in petty commerce or the fishing industry, or for commercial sexual exploitation; to a lesser extent, Chadian children are also trafficked to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Nigeria for cattle herding; children may also be trafficked from Cameroon and the Central African Republic to Chad's oil producing regions for sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Chad is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking in 2007; Chad was destabilized during 2007 by civil conflict leading to a declared state of emergency in February 2008, and a steady influx of refugees fleeing Sudan and the Central African Republic; the government demonstrated insufficient overall efforts to combat trafficking; Chad has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

China current situation: China is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor; the majority of trafficking in China occurs within the country's borders, but there is also considerable international trafficking of Chinese citizens to Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and North America; Chinese women are lured abroad through false promises of legitimate employment, only to be forced into commercial sexual exploitation, largely in Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, and Japan; women and children are trafficked to China from Mongolia, Burma, North Korea, Russia, and Vietnam for forced labor, marriage, and prostitution; some North Korean women and children seeking to leave their country voluntarily cross the border into China and are then sold into prostitution, marriage, or forced labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - China is on the Tier 2 Watch List for the fourth consecutive year for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly in terms of punishment of trafficking crimes and the protection of Chinese and foreign victims of trafficking; victims are sometimes punished for unlawful acts that were committed as a direct result of their being trafficked, such as violations of prostitution or immigration/emigration controls; the Chinese Government continued to treat North Korean victims of trafficking solely as economic migrants, routinely deporting them back to horrendous conditions in North Korea; additional challenges facing the Chinese Government include the enormous size of its trafficking problem and the significant level of corruption and complicity in trafficking by some local government officials (2008)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the current situation: Democratic Republic of the Congo is a source and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; much of this trafficking occurs within the country's unstable eastern provinces and is perpetrated by armed groups outside government control tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Democratic Republic of the Congo is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons in 2007; while some significant initial advances were noted, the government's capacity to apprehend, convict, or imprison traffickers remained weak; the government lacks sufficient financial, technical, and human resources to effectively address not only trafficking crimes, but also to provide basic levels of security in some parts of the country (2008)

Congo, Republic of the current situation: Republic of the Congo is a source and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; girls are trafficked from rural areas within the country for commercial sexual exploitation, forced street vending, and domestic servitude; children are trafficked from other African countries for domestic servitude, forced market vending, and forced labor in the fishing industry tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Republic of the Congo is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons in 2007; struggling to recover from six years of civil conflict that ended in 2003, the Republic of the Congo's capacity to address trafficking is handicapped; the government neither monitors its borders for trafficking activity nor provides specialized anti-trafficking training for law enforcement officials; the government does not encourage victims to assist in trafficking investigations or prosecutions, and has not taken measures to reduce demand for commercial sex acts in the Republic of the Congo (2008)

Costa Rica current situation: Costa Rica is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; women and girls from neighboring states, Russia, Uzbekistan, and the Philippines are trafficked into the country for sexual exploitation; Costa Rica also serves as a transit point for victims trafficked to North America and Europe; the government identifies child sex tourism as a serious problem; men, women, and children are also trafficked within the country for forced labor in fishing and construction, and as domestic servants tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Costa Rica is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly in terms of its failure to improve its inadequate assistance to victims; while Costa Rican officials recognize human trafficking as a serious problem, the lack of a stronger response by the government is of concern (2008)

Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; trafficking within the country is more prevalent than international trafficking and the majority of victims are children; women and girls are trafficked from northern areas to southern cities for domestic servitude, restaurant labor, and sexual exploitation; boys are trafficked internally for agricultural and service labor and transnationally for forced labor in agriculture, mining, construction, and in the fishing industry; women and girls are trafficked to and from other West and Central African countries for domestic servitude and forced street vending tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cote d'Ivoire is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking in 2007, particularly with regard to its law enforcement efforts and protection of sex trafficking victims; in addition, Ivoirian law does not prohibit all forms of trafficking, and Cote d'Ivoire has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Cuba current situation: Cuba is principally a source country for women and children trafficked within the country for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation and possibly for forced labor; the country is a destination for sex tourism including child sex tourism, which is a problem in many areas of the country; some Cuban nationals willingly migrate to the United States but are subsequently exploited for forced labor by their smugglers; Cuba is also a transit point for the smuggling of migrants from China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Lebanon, and other nations to the United States and Canada tier rating: Tier 3 - Cuba does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; exact information about trafficking in Cuba is difficult to obtain because the government does not acknowledge or condemn human trafficking as a problem in Cuba; tangible efforts to prosecute offenders, protect victims, or prevent human trafficking activity do not appear to have been made during 2007; Cuba has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Cyprus current situation: Cyprus is primarily a destination country for a large number of women trafficked from Eastern and Central Europe, the Philippines, and the Dominican Republic for the purpose of sexual exploitation; traffickers continued to fraudulently recruit victims for work as dancers in cabarets and nightclubs on short-term "artiste" visas, for work in pubs and bars on employment visas, or for illegal work on tourist or student visas tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cyprus is on the Tier 2 Watch List for a third consecutive year for failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking during 2007; although Cyprus passed a new trafficking law and opened a government trafficking shelter, these efforts are outweighed by its failure to show tangible and critically needed progress in the areas of law enforcement, victim protection, and the prevention of trafficking (2008)

Dominican Republic current situation: the Dominican Republic is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; a large number of Dominican women are trafficked into prostitution and sexual exploitation in Western Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and Caribbean destinations; a significant number of women, boys, and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation and domestic servitude tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, the Dominican Republic is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly in terms of not adequately investigating and prosecuting public officials who may be complicit with trafficking activity, and inadequate government efforts to protect trafficking victims; the government has taken measures to reduce demand for commercial sex acts with children through criminal prosecutions (2008)

Egypt current situation: Egypt is a transit country for women trafficked from Eastern European countries to Israel for sexual exploitation, and is a source for children trafficked within the country for commercial sexual exploitation and domestic servitude, although the extent to which children are trafficked internally is unknown; children were also recruited for domestic and agricultural work; some of these children face conditions of involuntary servitude, such as restrictions on movement, non-payment of wages, threats, and physical or sexual abuse tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Egypt is on the Tier 2 Watch List for the third year in a row because it did not provide evidence of increasing efforts to investigate and prosecute traffickers; however, in July 2007, the government established the "National Coordinating Committee to Combat and Prevent Trafficking in Persons," which improved inter-governmental coordination on anti-trafficking initiatives; Egypt made no discernible efforts to punish trafficking crimes in 2007 and the Egyptian penal code does not prohibit all forms of trafficking; Egypt did not increase its services to trafficking victims during the reporting period (2008)

Equatorial Guinea current situation: Equatorial Guinea is primarily a destination country for children trafficked for the purpose of forced labor and possibly for the purpose of sexual exploitation; children have been trafficked from nearby countries for domestic servitude, market labor, ambulant vending, and possibly sexual exploitation; women may also be trafficked to Equatorial Guinea from Cameroon, Benin, other neighboring countries, and China for sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Equatorial Guinea is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking, particularly in the areas of prosecuting and convicting trafficking offenders and failing to formalize mechanisms to provide assistance to victims; although the government made some effort to enforce laws against child labor exploitation, it failed to report any trafficking prosecutions or convictions in 2007; the government continued to lack shelters or formal procedures for providing care to victims (2008)

Fiji current situation: Fiji is a source country for children trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation and a destination country for a small number of women from China and India trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 3 - Fiji does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has demonstrated no action to investigate or prosecute traffickers, assist victims, take steps to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts, or support any anti-trafficking information or education campaigns; Fiji has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Gabon current situation: Gabon is predominantly a destination country for children trafficked from other African countries for the purpose of forced labor; girls are primarily trafficked for domestic servitude, forced market vending, forced restaurant labor, and sexual exploitation, while boys are trafficked for forced street hawking and forced labor in small workshops tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Gabon is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking in 2007, particularly in terms of efforts to convict and punish trafficking offenders; the government has not reported the convictions or sentences of any trafficking offenders; the government did not take steps to reduce demand for commercial sex acts (2008)

Gambia, The current situation: The Gambia is a source, transit, and destination country for children and women trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; women and girls, and to a lesser extent boys, are trafficked for sexual exploitation - in particular to meet the demand for European sex tourism - and for domestic servitude; boys are trafficked within the country for forced begging and street vending; Gambian women and children may be trafficked to Europe through trafficking schemes disguised as migrant smuggling tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, The Gambia is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking; The Gambia failed to report any trafficking arrests, prosecutions, or convictions in 2007, and the government demonstrated weak victim protection efforts during the reporting period (2008)

Guatemala current situation: Guatemala is a source, transit, and destination country for Guatemalans and Central Americans trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; human trafficking is a significant and growing problem in the country; Guatemalan women and children are trafficked within the country for commercial sexual exploitation, primarily to Mexico and the United States; Guatemalan men, women, and children are also trafficked within the country, and to Mexico and the United States, for forced labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, Guatemala is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons, particularly with respect to ensuring that trafficking offenders are appropriately prosecuted for their crimes; while prosecutors initiated trafficking prosecutions, they continued to face problems in court with application of Guatemala's comprehensive anti-trafficking law; the government made modest improvements to its protection efforts, but assistance remained inadequate overall in 2007 (2008)

Guinea current situation: Guinea is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; the majority of victims are children, and internal trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking; within the country, girls are trafficked primarily for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation, while boys are trafficked for forced agricultural labor, and as forced beggars, street vendors, shoe shiners, and laborers in gold and diamond mines; some Guinean men are also trafficked for agricultural labor within Guinea; transnationally, girls are trafficked into Guinea for domestic servitude and likely also for sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Guinea is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking over 2006; Guinea demonstrated minimal law enforcement efforts for a second year in a row, while protection efforts diminished over efforts in 2006; the government did not report any trafficking convictions in 2007; due to a lack of resources, the government does not provide shelter services for trafficking victims; the government took no measures to reduce the demand for commercial sexual exploitation (2008)

Guinea-Bissau current situation: Guinea-Bissau is a source country for children trafficked primarily for forced begging and forced agricultural labor to other West African countries tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for the second year in a row, Guinea-Bissau is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons, as evidenced by the continued failure to pass an anti-trafficking law and inadequate efforts to investigate or prosecute trafficking crimes or convict and punish trafficking offenders (2008)

Guyana current situation: Guyana is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; most trafficking appears to take place in remote mining camps in the country's interior; some women and girls are trafficked from northern Brazil; reporting from other nations suggests Guyanese women and girls are trafficked for sexual exploitation to neighboring countries and Guyanese men and boys are subject to labor exploitation in construction and agriculture; trafficking victims from Suriname, Brazil, and Venezuela transit Guyana en route to Caribbean destinations tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, Guyana is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking, particularly in the area of law enforcement actions against trafficking offenders; the government has yet to produce an anti-trafficking conviction under the comprehensive Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act, which became law in 2005; the government operates no shelters for trafficking victims, but did include limited funding for anti-trafficking NGOs in its 2008 budget; the government did not make any effort to reduce demand for commercial sex acts during 2007 (2008)

India current situation: India is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; internal forced labor may constitute India's largest trafficking problem; men, women, and children are held in debt bondage and face forced labor working in brick kilns, rice mills, agriculture, and embroidery factories; women and girls are trafficked within the country for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced marriage; children are subjected to forced labor as factory workers, domestic servants, beggars, and agriculture workers, and have been used as armed combatants by some terrorist and insurgent groups; India is also a destination for women and girls from Nepal and Bangladesh trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; Indian women are trafficked to the Middle East for commercial sexual exploitation; men and women from Bangladesh and Nepal are trafficked through India for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation in the Middle East tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - India is on the Tier 2 Watch List for a fifth consecutive year for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking in 2007; despite the reported extent of the trafficking crisis in India, government authorities made uneven efforts to prosecute traffickers and protect trafficking victims; government authorities continued to rescue victims of commercial sexual exploitation and forced child labor and child armed combatants, and began to show progress in law enforcement against these forms of trafficking; a critical challenge overall is the lack of punishment for traffickers, effectively resulting in impunity for acts of human trafficking; India has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Iran current situation: Iran is a source, transit, and destination country for women trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude; Iranian women are trafficked internally for the purpose of forced prostitution and for forced marriages to settle debts; Iranian children are trafficked internally and Afghan children are trafficked into Iran for the purpose of forced marriages, commercial sexual exploitation, and involuntary servitude as beggars or laborers tier rating: Tier 3 - Iran did not provide evidence of law enforcement activities against trafficking, and credible reports indicate that Iranian authorities punish victims of trafficking with beatings, imprisonment, and execution; Iran has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Jordan current situation: Jordan is a destination and transit country for women and men from South and Southeast Asia trafficked for the purpose of forced labor; Jordan is also a destination for women from Eastern Europe and Morocco for prostitution; women from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Philippines migrate willingly to work as domestic servants, but some are subjected to conditions of forced labor, including unlawful withholding of passports, restrictions on movement, non-payment of wages, threats, and physical or sexual abuse tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Jordan is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons in 2007, particularly in the area of law enforcement against trafficking for forced labor; the government made minimal efforts to investigate or prosecute numerous allegations related to exploitation of foreign domestic workers; Jordan failed for a second year to criminally prosecute and punish those who committed acts of forced labor; Jordan also continues to lack victim protection services; Jordan has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Korea, North current situation: North Korea is a source country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; the most common form of trafficking involves North Korean women and girls who cross the border into China voluntarily; additionally, North Korean women and girls are lured out of North Korea to escape poor social and economic conditions by the promise of food, jobs, and freedom, only to be forced into prostitution, marriage, or exploitative labor arrangements once in China tier rating: Tier 3 - North Korea does not fully comply with minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government does not acknowledge the existence of human rights abuses in the country or recognize trafficking, either within the country or transnationally; North Korea has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Kuwait current situation: Kuwait is a destination country for men and women who migrate legally from South and Southeast Asia for domestic or low-skilled labor, but are subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude by employers in Kuwait including conditions of physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages, confinement to the home, and withholding of passports to restrict their freedom of movement; Kuwait is reportedly a transit point for South and East Asian workers recruited for low-skilled work in Iraq; some of these workers are deceived as to the true location and nature of this work, and others are subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude in Iraq tier rating: Tier 3 - insufficient efforts in 2007 to prosecute and punish abusive employers and those who traffic women for sexual exploitation; the government failed for the fourth year in a row to live up to promises to provide shelter and protective services for victims of involuntary domestic servitude and other forms of trafficking (2008)

Libya current situation: Libya is a transit and destination country for men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Libya is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to address trafficking in persons in 2007 when compared to 2006, particularly in the area of investigating and prosecuting trafficking offenses; Libya did not publicly release any data on investigations or punishment of any trafficking offenses (2008)

Malaysia current situation: Malaysia is a destination and, to a lesser extent, a source and transit country for women and children trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, and men, women, and children for forced labor; Malaysia is mainly a destination country for men, women, and children who migrate willingly from South and Southeast Asia to work, some of whom are subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude by Malaysian employers in the domestic, agricultural, construction, plantation, and industrial sectors; to a lesser extent, some Malaysian women, primarily of Chinese ethnicity, are trafficked abroad for commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Malaysia improved from Tier 3 to the Tier 2 Watch List for 2008 when it enacted comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation in July 2007; however, it did not take action against exploitative employers or labor traffickers in 2007; the government has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Moldova current situation: Moldova is a major source and, to a lesser extent, a transit country for women and girls trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; Moldovan women are trafficked to the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe; girls and young women are trafficked within the country from rural areas to Chisinau; children are also trafficked to neighboring countries for forced labor and begging; labor trafficking of men to work in the construction, agriculture, and service sectors of Russia is increasingly a problem tier rating: Tier 3 - Moldova does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government failed to follow-up on allegations of officials complicit in trafficking cited in the 2007 Report, and it did not demonstrate proactive efforts to identify trafficking victims (2008)

Montenegro current situation: Montenegro is primarily a transit country for the trafficking of women and girls to Western Europe for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; women and girls from the Balkans and Eastern Europe are trafficked across Montenegro to Western European countries tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Montenegro is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons in 2007; public attention to the issue of trafficking has diminished considerably in Montenegro in recent years (2008)

Mozambique current situation: Mozambique is a source and, to a much lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; the use of forced and bonded child laborers is a common practice in Mozambique's rural areas; women and girls are trafficked from rural to urban areas of Mozambique, as well as to South Africa, for domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; young men and boys are trafficked to South Africa for farm work and mining tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for the second consecutive year, Mozambique is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking in 2007; while the government conducted investigations into cases of human trafficking, there were no prosecutions or convictions of traffickers; government efforts to protect victims of trafficking continued to suffer from limited resources and a lack of political commitment (2008)

Niger current situation: Niger is a source, transit, and destination country for children and women trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation; caste-based slavery practices, rooted in ancestral master-slave relationships, continue in isolated areas of the country - an estimated 8,800 to 43,000 Nigeriens live under conditions of traditional slavery; children are trafficked within Niger for forced begging, forced labor in gold mines, domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and possibly for forced labor in agriculture and stone quarries; women and children from neighboring states are trafficked to and through Niger for domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, forced labor in mines and on farms, and as mechanics and welders tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Niger is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking in 2007; in particular, measures to combat and eliminate traditional slavery practices were weak; the government's overall law enforcement efforts have stalled from 2006; while efforts to protect child trafficking victims were steady, the government failed to provide services to or rescue adult victims subjected to traditional slavery practices, and made poor efforts to educate the public about traditional slavery practices in general (2008)

Oman current situation: Oman is a destination country for men and women primarily from Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan who migrate willingly, but some of whom become victims of trafficking when subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude as domestic workers and laborers; mistreatment includes non-payment of wages, restrictions on movement and withholding of passports, threats, and physical or sexual abuse; Oman may also be a destination country for women from Asia, Eastern Europe, and North Africa for commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 3 - Oman was rated as Tier 3 for the second consecutive year because it did not report any law enforcement efforts to prosecute and punish trafficking offenses in 2007 and continues to lack victim protection services or a systematic procedure to identify victims of trafficking (2008)

Panama current situation: Panama is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; the majority of victims are Panamanian women and children trafficked within the country into the sex trade; rural children in Panama may be trafficked internally to urban areas for labor exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Panama is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly with respect to prosecuting, convicting, and sentencing human traffickers for their crimes, and for failing to provide adequate victim assistance (2008)

Papua New Guinea current situation: Papua New Guinea is a country of destination for women and children from Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and China trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; internal trafficking of women and children for the purposes of sexual exploitation and involuntary domestic servitude occurs as well tier rating: Tier 3 - Papua New Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the current legal framework does not contain elements of crimes that characterize trafficking; the government lacks victim protection services or a systematic procedure to identify victims of trafficking; the government did not prosecute anyone in 2007 for trafficking; Papua New Guinea has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Qatar current situation: Qatar is a destination country for men and women from South and Southeast Asia who migrate willingly, but are subsequently trafficked into involuntary servitude as domestic workers and laborers, and, to a lesser extent, commercial sexual exploitation; the most common offense was forcing workers to accept worse contract terms than those under which they were recruited; other conditions include bonded labor, withholding of pay, restrictions on movement, arbitrary detention, and physical, mental, and sexual abuse tier rating: Tier 3 - Qatar failed, for the second consecutive year, to enforce criminal laws against traffickers, or to provide an effective mechanism to identify and protect victims; it continues to detain and deport victims rather than providing them protection; the government made little progress to increase prosecutions for trafficking in a meaningful way in 2007; workers complaining of working conditions or non-payment of wages were sometimes penalized (2008)

Russia current situation: Russia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for various purposes; it remains a significant source of women trafficked to over 50 countries for commercial sexual exploitation; Russia is also a transit and destination country for men and women trafficked from Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and North Korea to Central and Western Europe and the Middle East for purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; internal trafficking remains a problem in Russia with women trafficked from rural areas to urban centers for commercial sexual exploitation, and men trafficked internally and from Central Asia for forced labor in the construction and agricultural industries; debt bondage is common among trafficking victims, and child sex tourism remains a concern tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Russia is on the Tier 2 Watch List for a fifth consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking over the previous year, particularly in providing assistance to victims of trafficking; comprehensive trafficking victim assistance legislation, which would address key deficiencies, has been pending before the Duma since 2003 and was neither passed nor enacted in 2007 (2008)

Saudi Arabia current situation: Saudi Arabia is a destination country for workers from South and Southeast Asia who are subjected to conditions that constitute involuntary servitude including being subjected to physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages, confinement, and withholding of passports as a restriction on their movement; domestic workers are particularly vulnerable because some are confined to the house in which they work unable to seek help; Saudi Arabia is also a destination country for Nigerian, Yemeni, Pakistani, Afghan, Somali, Malian, and Sudanese children trafficked for forced begging and involuntary servitude as street vendors; some Nigerian women were reportedly trafficked into Saudi Arabia for commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 3 - Saudi Arabia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government continues to lack adequate anti-trafficking laws and, despite evidence of widespread trafficking abuses, did not report any criminal prosecutions, convictions, or prison sentences for trafficking crimes committed against foreign domestic workers (2008)

South Africa current situation: South Africa is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation; women and girls are trafficked internally - and occasionally to European and Asian countries - for sexual exploitation; women from other African countries are trafficked to South Africa and, less frequently, onward to Europe for sexual exploitation; men and boys are trafficked from neighboring countries for forced agricultural labor; Asian and Eastern European women are trafficked to South Africa for debt-bonded sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - South Africa is on the Tier 2 Watch List for a fourth consecutive year for its failure to show increasing efforts to address trafficking; the government provided inadequate data in 2007 on trafficking crimes investigated or prosecuted, or on resulting convictions or sentences; it also did not provide information on its efforts to protect victims of trafficking; the country continues to deport and/or prosecute suspected foreign victims without providing appropriate protective services (2008)

Sri Lanka current situation: Sri Lanka is a source and destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; Sri Lankan men and women migrate willingly to the Persian Gulf, Middle East, and East Asia to work as construction workers, domestic servants, or garment factory workers, where some find themselves in situations of involuntary servitude when faced with restrictions on movement, withholding of passports, threats, physical or sexual abuse, and debt bondage; children are trafficked internally for commercial sexual exploitation and, less frequently, for forced labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, Sri Lanka is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking, particularly in the area of law enforcement; the government failed to arrest, prosecute, or convict any person for trafficking offenses and continued to punish some victims of trafficking for crimes committed as a result of being trafficked; Sri Lanka has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Sudan current situation: Sudan is a source country for men, women, and children trafficked internally for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; Sudan is also a transit and destination country for Ethiopian women trafficked abroad for domestic servitude; Sudanese women and girls are trafficked within the country, as well as possibly to Middle Eastern countries for domestic servitude; the terrorist rebel organization, Lord's Resistance Army, continues to harbor small numbers of Sudanese and Ugandan children in the southern part of the country for use as cooks, porters, and combatants; some of these children are also trafficked across borders into Uganda or the Democratic Republic of the Congo; militia groups in Darfur, some of which are linked to the government, abduct women for short periods of forced labor and to perpetrate sexual violence; during the two decades-long north-south civil war, thousands of Dinka women and children were abducted and subsequently enslaved by members of the Missiriya and Rezeigat tribes; while there have been no known new abductions of Dinka by members of Baggara tribes in the last few years, inter-tribal abductions continue in southern Sudan tier rating: Tier 3 - Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; combating human trafficking through law enforcement or prevention measures was not a priority for the government in 2007 (2008)

Syria current situation: Syria is a destination and transit country for women and children trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; a significant number of women and children in the large and expanding Iraqi refugee community in Syria are reportedly forced into commercial sexual exploitation by Iraqi gangs or, in some cases, their families; women from Indonesia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Ethiopia, and Sierra Leone are recruited for work in Syria as domestic servants, but some face conditions of involuntary servitude, including long hours, non-payment of wages, withholding of passports, restrictions on movement, threats, and physical or sexual abuse tier rating: Tier 3 - Syria again failed to report any law enforcement efforts to punish trafficking offenses in 2007; in addition, the government did not offer protection services to victims of trafficking and may have arrested, prosecuted, or deported some victims for prostitution or immigration violations; Syria has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Tajikistan current situation: Tajikistan is a source country for women trafficked through Kyrgyzstan and Russia to the UAE, Turkey, and Russia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men are trafficked to Russia and Kazakhstan for the purpose of forced labor, primarily in the construction and agricultural industries; boys and girls are trafficked internally for various purposes, including forced labor and forced begging tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Tajikistan is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, especially efforts to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence traffickers; despite evidence of low- and mid-level officials' complicity in trafficking, the government did not punish any public officials for trafficking complicity during 2007; lack of capacity and poor coordination between government institutions remained key obstacles to effective anti-trafficking efforts (2008)

Uzbekistan current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for women and girls trafficked to Kazakhstan, Russia, Middle East, and Asia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men are trafficked to Kazakhstan and Russia for purposes of forced labor in the construction, cotton, and tobacco industries; men and women are also trafficked internally for the purposes of domestic servitude, forced labor in the agricultural and construction industries, and for commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Uzbekistan is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in 2007; the government did not amend its criminal code to increase penalties for convicted traffickers; in March 2008, Uzbekistan adopted ILO Conventions on minimum age of employment and on the elimination of the worst forms of child labor and is working with the ILO on implementation; the government also demonstrated its increasing commitment to combat trafficking in March 2008 by adopting a comprehensive anti-trafficking law; Uzbekistan has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Venezuela current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and tourist areas; child prostitution in urban areas and child sex tourism in resort destinations appear to be growing; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to Western Europe, Mexico, and Caribbean destinations tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Venezuela is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List, up from Tier 3, as it showed greater resolve to address trafficking through law enforcement measures and prevention efforts in 2007, although stringent punishment of offenders and victim assistance remain lacking (2008)

World current situation: approximately 800,000 people, mostly women and children, are trafficked annually across national borders, not including millions trafficked within their own countries; at least 80% of the victims are female and up to 50% are minors; 75% of all victims are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation; almost two-thirds of the global victims are trafficked intra-regionally within East Asia and the Pacific (260,000 to 280,000 people) and Europe and Eurasia (170,000 to 210,000 people) Tier 2 Watch List: Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, The Gambia, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Jordan, Libya, Malaysia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Republic of the Congo, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe Tier 3: Algeria, Burma, Cuba, Fiji, Iran, Kuwait, Moldova, North Korea, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria (2008)

Zambia current situation: Zambia is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; many Zambian child laborers, particularly those in the agriculture, domestic service, and fishing sectors, are also victims of human trafficking; Zambian women, lured by false employment or marriage offers abroad, are trafficked to South Africa via Zimbabwe and to Europe via Malawi for sexual exploitation; Zambia is a transit point for regional trafficking of women and children, particularly from Angola to Namibia and from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to South Africa for agricultural labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zambia is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking, particularly in regard to its inability to bring alleged traffickers to justice through prosecutions and convictions; unlike 2006, there were no new prosecutions or convictions of alleged traffickers in 2007; government efforts to protect victims of trafficking remained extremely limited throughout the year (2008)

Zimbabwe current situation: Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; large scale migration of Zimbabweans to surrounding countries - as they flee a progressively more desperate situation at home - has increased; rural Zimbabwean men, women, and children are trafficked internally to farms for agricultural labor and domestic servitude and to cities for domestic labor and commercial sexual exploitation; young men and boys are trafficked to South Africa for farm work, often laboring for months in South Africa without pay before "employers" have them arrested and deported as illegal immigrants; young women and girls are lured abroad with false employment offers that result in involuntary domestic servitude or commercial sexual exploitation; men, women, and children from neighboring states are trafficked through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zimbabwe is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking, and because the absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is significantly increasing; the trafficking situation in the country is worsening as more of the population is made vulnerable by declining socio-economic conditions (2008)

======================================================================

@2198

Field Listing :: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. Country Comparison to the World Country

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

Algeria $13.76 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $11.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Angola $16.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $14.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Argentina $73.98 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $66 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Australia $366.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $337.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Austria $261.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $247.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Azerbaijan $7.844 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.829 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bahrain $15.01 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.31 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bangladesh $5.971 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.261 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Belgium $821 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $747.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bermuda $15.01 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Bolivia $5.998 billion (31 December 2008)

Brazil $294 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $248.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bulgaria $42.91 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $33.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Canada $433.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $506.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cayman Islands $NA

Chad $4.5 billion (2006 est.)

Chile $108.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $91.49 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

China $758.9 billion (2007 est.)

Colombia $67.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $56.45 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Costa Rica $18.96 billion (31 December 2008) $8.803 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $NA

Croatia $27.17 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $23.17 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cuba $11.24 billion (2006 est.)

Cyprus $15.69 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Czech Republic $111.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $101.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Denmark $142.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $131.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Dominican Republic $15.59 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $12.71 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ecuador $16.99 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.31 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Egypt $59.13 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $49.23 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

El Salvador $6.702 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.918 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Estonia $18.62 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Fiji $6.702 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Finland $84.44 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $88.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

France $1.147 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.026 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Germany $1.027 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.002 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ghana $NA

Greece $36.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $53.22 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hong Kong $1.241 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.178 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hungary $237.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $164.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iceland $NA

India $144.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $103.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Indonesia $67.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $58.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iran $6.954 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.054 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ireland

$179 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Israel $56.93 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $55.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Italy $376.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $364.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Japan $135.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $110.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Jordan $16.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $14.55 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $55.63 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $41.08 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kenya $2.541 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.891 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Korea, South $124.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $122 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kuwait $1.22 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $942 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $16.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Latvia $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $9.779 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lebanon $NA

Liberia $124.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Libya $11.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $8.775 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lithuania $12.85 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $15.06 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Luxembourg $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Macau $7.9 billion (2007) $6.5 billion (2006)

Macedonia $2.405 billion (2007 est.)

Madagascar $NA

Malawi $11.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Malaysia $83.35 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $76.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Malta $NA

Mauritius $NA

Mexico $289.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $267.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Moldova $1.813 billion (2008)

Mongolia $NA

Morocco

$40.92 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Namibia $NA

Nepal $NA

Netherlands $644.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $724.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $NA

New Zealand $72.92 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $70.94 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nigeria $68.84 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $58.84 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Norway $91.49 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $93.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Oman $NA

Pakistan $25.44 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $20.01 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Panama $NA

Papua New Guinea $NA

Paraguay $2.057 million (2007)

Peru $30.31 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $24.74 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Philippines $21.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $19.88 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Poland $161.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $176.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Portugal $117.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $114.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Qatar $3.627 billion (2008 est.) $2.601 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Romania $72.61 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $62.86 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Russia $491.2 billion (2007) $271.6 billion (2006)

Saudi Arabia $108.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $92 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Serbia $11.95 billion (2006 est.)

Singapore $250.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $232.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovakia $44.12 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $40.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovenia $11.96 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $10.41 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

South Africa $120 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $110.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Spain $636.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $570.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sri Lanka $250.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Swaziland $NA

Sweden $290.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $252.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Switzerland $405.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $365.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Taiwan $102.3 billion (2008) $52.65 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tajikistan $102 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $94.76 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tanzania $NA

Thailand $80.83 billion (2007 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $102 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $12.44 billion (2007)

Tunisia $28.67 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $26.22 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Turkey $128.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $110.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Uganda $NA

Ukraine $41.77 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $31.08 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates $62.69 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $51.54 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United Kingdom $1.445 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.348 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

United States $2.367 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.093 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Uruguay $4.19 billion (2007)

Uzbekistan $NA

Venezuela $41.38 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $43.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vietnam $40.34 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $32.74 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

World $16.65 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $14.77 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zambia $40.34 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Zimbabwe $NA

======================================================================

@2199

Field Listing :: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in foreign countries made directly by residents - primarily companies - of the home country, as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. Country Comparison to the World Country

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

Algeria $1.162 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $962 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Angola $2.477 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Argentina $28.75 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $26.92 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Australia $197.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $290.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Austria $270 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $240.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Azerbaijan $5.232 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $4.677 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bahrain $9.34 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.72 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bangladesh $97 million (31 December 2008 est.)

Belgium $661.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $593 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bermuda $NA

Bolivia $NA

Brazil $127.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $107.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bulgaria $1.292 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $559 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Canada $520.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $520.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cayman Islands $NA

Chad $NA

Chile $25.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $24.68 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

China $149.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $95.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Colombia $13.18 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $10.93 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Costa Rica $532 million (31 December 2008 est.) $525.9 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $NA

Croatia $3.343 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.124 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cuba $4.138 billion (2006 est.)

Cyprus $7.097 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.591 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Czech Republic $9.913 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.971 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Denmark $181.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $153.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Dominican Republic $59 million (31 December 2008 est.)

Ecuador $8.487 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $10.77 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Egypt $12.08 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $11.58 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

El Salvador $440 million (31 December 2008 est.) $384 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Estonia $6.686 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.873 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Fiji $NA

Finland $116 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $114.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

France $1.624 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.399 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Germany $1.407 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.249 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ghana $NA

Greece $32.44 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $31.65 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hong Kong $776 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.011 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hungary $159.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $97.42 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iceland $NA

India $61.77 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $38.82 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Indonesia $6.656 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $9.225 billion (2006 est.)

Iran $993 million (31 December 2008 est.) $903 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Ireland $152.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $139.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Israel $54.55 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $48.47 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Italy $565.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $520.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Japan $663.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $533.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $4.617 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.97 billion (September 2007 est.)

Kenya $12.4 million (31 December 2008 est.) $31.4 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Korea, South $74.6 billion (30 June 2008) $82.1 billion (2006)

Kuwait $25.68 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.93 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $NA

Latvia $1.083 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $782 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Lebanon $NA

Liberia $NA

Libya $5.15 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $3.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lithuania $1.985 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.65 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Luxembourg $NA

Macau $1.9 billion (2007) $1.1 billion (2006)

Macedonia $NA

Madagascar $NA

Malawi $NA

Malaysia $71.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $58.18 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Malta $NA

Mauritius $NA

Mexico $45.39 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $44.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Moldova $NA

Mongolia $NA

Morocco $966 million (31 December 2008 est.) $1.337 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Namibia $NA

Nepal $NA

Netherlands $843.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $876.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $NA

New Zealand $NA

Nigeria $13.02 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $12.72 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Norway $160.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $133.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Oman $NA

Pakistan $1.017 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $982 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Panama $NA

Papua New Guinea $NA

Paraguay $NA

Peru $1.694 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.284 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Philippines $5.81 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.584 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Poland $21.81 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $19.39 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Portugal $69.24 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $69.24 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Qatar $5.363 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.993 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Romania $921 million (31 December 2008 est.) $1.238 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Russia $176.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $209.6 billion (2006)

Saudi Arabia $18.07 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.99 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Serbia $NA

Singapore $173.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $169.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovakia $1.867 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.609 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovenia $7.592 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.127 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

South Africa $63.57 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $65.88 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Spain $605.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $687.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sri Lanka $NA

Swaziland $NA

Sweden $333.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $306.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Switzerland $726.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $659.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Taiwan $107.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $96.81 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tajikistan $10.86 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $8.022 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tanzania $NA

Thailand $7.013 billion (2007 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $3.829 billion (2007)

Tunisia $162 million (31 December 2008 est.) $118 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Turkey $14.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $10.97 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Uganda $NA

Ukraine $1.905 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $895 million (31 December 2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates $28.95 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $24.95 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United Kingdom $1.567 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.705 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

United States $3.162 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $2.791 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Uruguay $156 million (2007)

Uzbekistan $NA

Venezuela $16.62 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.81 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vietnam $NA

World $16.22 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $15.43 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zambia $NA

Zimbabwe $NA

======================================================================

@2200

Field Listing :: Market value of publicly traded shares

This entry gives the value of shares issued by publicly traded companies at a price determined in the national stock markets on the final day of the period indicated. It is simply the latest price per share multiplied by the total number of outstanding shares, cumulated over all companies listed on the particular exchange. Country Comparison to the World Country

Market value of publicly traded shares

Afghanistan $NA

Albania $NA

Algeria $NA

Argentina $52.31 billion (31 December 2008) $86.68 billion (31 December 2007) $79.73 billion (31 December 2006)

Armenia $NA (31 December 2008) $105 million (31 December 2007) $60.17 million (31 December 2006)

Australia $NA (31 December 2008) $1.298 trillion (31 December 2007) $1.096 trillion (31 December 2006)

Austria $NA (31 December 2008) $228.7 billion (31 December 2007) $191.3 billion (31 December 2006)

Azerbaijan $NA

Bahamas, The $NA

Bahrain $21.18 billion (31 December 2008) $28.13 billion (31 December 2007) $21.12 billion (31 December 2006)

Bangladesh $6.671 billion (31 December 2008) $6.793 billion (31 December 2007) $3.61 billion (31 December 2006)

Barbados $NA (31 December 2008) $5.599 billion (31 December 2007) $4.954 billion (31 December 2006)

Belarus $NA

Belgium $NA (31 December 2008) $386.4 billion (31 December 2007) $396.2 billion (31 December 2006)

Belize $NA

Benin $NA

Bermuda $NA (31 December 2008) $2.731 billion (31 December 2007) $2.704 billion (31 December 2006)

Bhutan $NA

Bolivia $NA (31 December 2008) $2.263 billion (31 December 2007) $2.223 billion (31 December 2006)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $NA

Botswana $3.556 billion (31 December 2008) $5.887 billion (31 December 2007) $3.947 billion (31 December 2006)

Brazil $589.4 billion (31 December 2008) $1.37 trillion (31 December 2007) $711.1 billion (31 December 2006)

Brunei $NA

Bulgaria $8.858 billion (31 December 2008) $21.79 billion (31 December 2007) $10.32 billion (31 December 2006)

Burkina Faso $NA

Burma $NA

Burundi $NA

Cambodia $NA

Cameroon $NA

Canada $NA (31 December 2008) $2.187 trillion (31 December 2007) $1.701 trillion (31 December 2006)

Cayman Islands $NA (31 December 2008) $183.5 million (31 December 2007) $188.4 million (31 December 2006)

Central African Republic $NA

Chad $NA

Chile $132.4 billion (31 December 2008) $212.9 billion (31 December 2007) $174.6 billion (31 December 2006)

China $2.794 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.226 trillion (31 December 2007) $2.426 trillion (31 December 2006)

Colombia $87.03 billion (31 December 2008) $102 billion (31 December 2007) $56.2 billion (31 December 2006)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $NA

Congo, Republic of the $NA

Costa Rica $NA (31 December 2008) $2.035 billion (31 December 2007) $1.944 billion (31 December 2006)

Cote d'Ivoire $7.071 billion (31 December 2008) $8.353 billion (31 December 2007) $4.155 billion (31 December 2006)

Croatia $26.79 billion (31 December 2008) $65.98 billion (31 December 2007) $29.01 billion (31 December 2006)

Cyprus $NA (31 December 2008) $29.48 billion (31 December 2007) $15.9 billion (31 December 2006)

Czech Republic $48.85 billion (31 December 2008) $73.42 billion (31 December 2007) $48.6 billion (31 December 2006)

Denmark $NA (31 December 2008) $277.7 billion (31 December 2007) $231 billion (31 December 2006)

Dominican Republic $NA

Ecuador $4.562 billion (31 December 2008) $4.266 billion (31 December 2007) $4.04 billion (31 December 2006)

Egypt $85.89 billion (31 December 2008) $139.3 billion (31 December 2007) $93.48 billion (31 December 2006)

El Salvador $NA (31 December 2008) $6.743 billion (31 December 2007) $5.465 billion (31 December 2006)

Estonia $1.951 billion (31 December 2008) $6.037 billion (31 December 2007) $5.963 billion (31 December 2006)

Ethiopia $NA

European Union $NA (31 December 2008 est.) $15.57 trillion (31 December 2008) $13.5 trillion (31 December 2006 est.)

Fiji $NA (31 December 2008) $522.2 million (31 December 2007) $636.7 million (31 December 2006)

Finland $NA (31 December 2008) $369.2 billion (31 December 2007) $265.5 billion (31 December 2006)

France $NA (31 December 2008) $2.771 trillion (31 December 2007) $2.429 trillion (31 December 2006)

French Polynesia $NA

Gabon $NA

Gambia, The $NA

Georgia $NA (31 December 2008) $1.389 billion (31 December 2007) $668.3 million (31 December 2006)

Germany $NA (31 December 2008) $2.106 trillion (31 December 2007) $1.638 trillion (31 December 2006)

Ghana $3.394 billion (31 December 2008) $2.38 billion (31 December 2007) $3.233 billion (31 December 2006)

Greece $NA (31 December 2008) $264.9 billion (31 December 2007) $208.3 billion (31 December 2006)

Grenada $NA

Guatemala $NA

Guinea $NA

Guinea-Bissau $NA

Guyana $NA (31 December 2008) $262.4 million (31 December 2007) $187.4 million (31 December 2006)

Haiti $NA

Honduras $NA

Hong Kong $1.32 trillion (31 December 2008) $1.163 trillion (31 December 2007) $895.2 billion (31 December 2006 est.)

Hungary $21.9 billion (31 December 2008) $47.65 billion (31 December 2007) $41.93 billion (31 December 2006)

Iceland $NA (31 December 2008) $40.56 billion (31 December 2007) $36.1 billion (31 December 2006)

India $645.5 billion (31 December 2008) $1.819 trillion (31 December 2007) $818.9 billion (31 December 2006)

Indonesia $98.76 billion (31 December 2008) $211.7 billion (31 December 2007) $138.9 billion (31 December 2006)

Iran $NA (31 December 2008) $45.57 billion (31 December 2007) $37.94 billion (31 December 2006)

Iraq $1.878 billion (31 March 2008) $NA (31 December 2007) $NA (31 December 2006)

Ireland $NA (31 December 2008) $144 billion (31 December 2007) $163.4 billion (31 December 2006)

Isle of Man $NA

Israel $134.5 billion (31 December 2008) $236.4 billion (31 December 2007) $173.3 billion (31 December 2006)

Italy $NA (31 December 2008) $1.073 trillion (31 December 2007) $1.027 trillion (31 December 2006)

Jamaica $7.513 billion (31 December 2008) $12.33 billion (31 December 2007) $12.28 billion (31 December 2006)

Japan $NA (31 December 2008) $4.453 trillion (31 December 2007) $4.726 trillion (31 December 2006)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $35.85 billion (31 December 2008) $41.22 billion (31 December 2007) $29.73 billion (31 December 2006)

Kazakhstan $31.08 billion (31 December 2008) $41.38 billion (31 December 2007) $43.69 billion (31 December 2006)

Kenya $10.92 billion (31 December 2008) $13.39 billion (31 December 2007) $11.38 billion (31 December 2006)

Kiribati $NA

Korea, South $494.6 billion (31 December 2008) $1.124 trillion (31 December 2007) $835.2 billion (31 December 2006)

Kuwait $107.2 billion (31 December 2008) $188 billion (31 December 2007) $128.9 billion (31 December 2006)

Kyrgyzstan $NA (31 December 2008) $121 million (31 December 2007) $92.69 million (31 December 2006)

Latvia $1.609 billion (31 December 2008) $3.111 billion (31 December 2007) $2.705 billion (31 December 2006)

Lebanon $9.641 billion (31 December 2008) $10.86 billion (31 December 2007) $8.279 billion (31 December 2006)

Liberia $NA

Libya $NA

Liechtenstein $NA

Lithuania $3.625 billion (31 December 2008) $10.13 billion (31 December 2007) $10.19 billion (31 December 2006)

Luxembourg $NA (31 December 2008) $166.1 billion (31 December 2007) $79.52 billion (31 December 2006)

Macau $2.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $NA (31 December 2007) $413.1 million (2004 est.)

Macedonia $NA (31 December 2008) $2.715 billion (31 December 2007) $1.098 billion (31 December 2006)

Madagascar $NA

Malawi $NA (31 December 2008) $NA (31 December 2007) $587.2 million (31 December 2006)

Malaysia $187.1 billion (31 December 2008) $325.7 billion (31 December 2007) $235.4 billion (31 December 2006)

Maldives $NA

Mali $NA

Malta $NA (31 December 2008) $5.633 billion (31 December 2007) $4.504 billion (31 December 2006)

Mauritania $NA

Mauritius $3.443 billion (31 December 2008) $5.666 billion (31 December 2007) $3.598 billion (31 December 2006)

Mayotte $NA

Mexico $232.6 billion (31 December 2008) $397.7 billion (31 December 2007) $348.3 billion (31 December 2006)

Moldova $NA (31 December 2008) $573.9 million (2004)

Monaco $NA

Mongolia $412 million (31 December 2008) $612.2 million (31 December 2007) $112.6 million (31 December 2006)

Montenegro $NA (31 December 2008) $3.699 billion (31 December 2007) $1.754 billion (31 December 2006)

Morocco $65.75 billion (31 December 2008) $75.49 billion (31 December 2007) $49.36 billion (31 December 2006)

Mozambique $NA

Namibia $618.7 million (31 December 2008) $702 million (31 December 2007) $541.8 million (31 December 2006)

Nepal $5.5 billion (31 December 2008) $4.909 billion (31 December 2007) $1.805 billion (31 December 2006)

Netherlands $456.2 billion (31 December 2008) $956.5 billion (31 December 2007) $779.6 billion (31 December 2006)

Netherlands Antilles $NA (31 December 2008) $488.6 billion (2003)

New Caledonia $NA

New Zealand $NA (31 December 2008) $47.45 billion (31 December 2007) $44.94 billion (31 December 2006)

Nicaragua $NA

Niger $NA

Nigeria $49.8 billion (31 December 2008) $86.35 billion (31 December 2007) $32.82 billion (31 December 2006)

Norway $142.5 billion (31 December 2008) $357.4 billion (31 December 2007) $281.1 billion (31 December 2006)

Oman $14.91 billion (31 December 2008) $23.06 billion (31 December 2007) $16.16 billion (31 December 2006)

Pakistan $23.49 billion (31 December 2008) $70.26 billion (31 December 2007) $45.52 billion (31 December 2006)

Palau $NA

Panama $6.568 billion (31 December 2008) $6.219 billion (31 December 2007) $5.716 billion (31 December 2006)

Papua New Guinea $NA (31 December 2008) $NA (31 December 2007) $6.632 billion (31 December 2006)

Paraguay $NA (31 December 2008) $NA (31 December 2007) $409.1 million (31 December 2006)

Peru $55.63 billion (31 December 2008) $106 billion (31 December 2007) $59.66 billion (31 December 2006)

Philippines $52.1 billion (31 December 2008) $103.2 billion (31 December 2007) $68.38 billion (31 December 2006)

Poland $90.23 billion (31 December 2008) $207.3 billion (31 December 2007) $149.1 billion (31 December 2006)

Portugal $NA (31 December 2008) $132.3 billion (31 December 2007) $104.2 billion (31 December 2006)

Puerto Rico $NA

Qatar $76.31 billion (31 December 2008) $95.49 billion (31 December 2007) $61.56 billion (31 December 2006)