The Political Anatomy of Ireland

Title, Notes, Preface and Contents

Jump to contents

THE | Political Anatomy | OF | IRELAND. | WITH | The Establishment for that Kingdom when the late Duke of Ormond was Lord Lieutenant. Taken from the Records. | To which is added | I; or an Account of the Wealth and Expences of England and the Method of raising Taxes in the most Equal manner. | Shewing also, That the Nation can bear the charge of Four Millions per Annum, when the occasions of the Government require it. | By Sir William Petty, late Fellow of the Royal Society, and Surveyor-General of the Kingdom of Ireland | {| | LONDON:

Printed for D. Brown, and W. Rogers, at the Bible without Temple-Bar, and at the Sun over-against St. Dunsans Church, Fleet-street. 1691.

|}

NOTE ON THE "POLITICAL ANATOMY OF IRELAND."

The Political Anatomy of Ireland, together with the Political Arithmetick, are the products of Petty's second prolonged Irish residence, as the Down Survey of Ireland was the product of his first residence in that island. Petty went to Ireland in 1667 and seems to have remained there almost continuously until the summer of 1673. He was, however, in London in April 1671, and it is not improbable that at that time Sir Joseph Williamson gave the impulse to a renewal of his literary activity. The 17 January 1671, Edward Chamberlayne, compiler of The Present State of England, had written Williamson asking his criticism of the book, with a view to a new edition of it which the publisher, Martyn, desired. Williamson probably suggested the addition of some matter concerning Ireland, and Chamberlayne wrote again, 29 January, "To give a brief account of the present state of Ireland I shall, at your request, very willingly undertake." In an undated letter, endorsed by Williamson, "Apr. 1671," Chamberlayne wrote further, "I yesterday met with Sir William Petty whom I found very able to promote the Designe of giving an Account in Print of the State of Ireland as you desired. If you would please to speak or write to him and recommend me to him I will most gladly wayte upon him at his leisure." The Calendar of State Papers, domestic series, for 1671 reveals no further mention of the project. The State Papers for 1672 were not calendared in August, 1895. In a necessarily hurried search I found no later letter by Chamberlayne but may have overlooked some memorandum of the matter in Williamson's microscopic notes. However that may be, Chamberlayne did not write a book on Ireland, and Petty did.

The British Museum possesses the best MS. of the Political Anatomy. It is written in a neat hand, upon paper carefully ruled in red ink, and bears, in the text, occasional corrections in a different and blacker ink, made by Petty himself. The history of this MS. can be traced with a completeness that places its authenticity beyond question. It was given by Petty to Southwell, of whose scrupulous care for Petty's MSS. there is abundant evidence, and remained in the possession of the Southwell family until the sale of Lord De Clifford's papers in 1834. At this sale it was purchased by Thomas Thorpe, and promptly appeared in one of his catalogues. It passed into the hands of Dr Neligan of Dublin, who probably bought it of Thorpe. At the dispersal of Neligan's library the MS. was acquired for the British Museum.

Inserted in this MS. is a letter from Sir Richard Cox, the historian of Ireland, to Southwell, endorsed "Bristol, 15 June, 1687. From Mr Cox On Sr Wm Petty's Anatomy of Ireland." The letter begins:

"Hond Sr.

My Curiosity was never feasted higher than with ye reading of the Political Anatomy of Ireland wherein the learned Author at once discovers both his great abilityes & his great zeale to serve his Country: Nor will it in ye least detract from ye glory of his pformance, nor I believe disgust him that I communicate to you some difficultyes and remarques on that excellent discourse, wherein I humbly desire to be better informd." Cox then makes twentyfive detailed comments, referring to the MS. by folio, and concludes, "I thought to have transcribd and enlargd this paper, but it happens yt a client is just now come in, and therefore I hope you will excuse this scroll from

Worthy Sr

Yr most obliged humble servt

Richd Cox."

In 1851 this letter, if General Larcom be not mistaken, was separated from the MS. to which it refers and inserted in another. It was reunited to the MS., however, before the sale of Dr Neligan's library.

Another MS., of which no further trace has been found, was once in the possession of Sir Peter Pett and by him was offered to Sir Joseph Williamson. The offer would argue Pett's ignorance of Williamson's probable connection with the book.

The Political Anatomy was first published in 1691. A second edition appeared in 1719, and the book was reprinted in 1769 and in 1861. The present reprint follows the first edition. The more significant divergences of the printed text from the Southwell MS. ('S') and all Petty's alterations of that MS. are indicated in the foot notes. On the relation of S. to the edition of 1691 see note 3 on page 131.

[Dedication of the First Edition, 1691.]

To His Grace the

Duke of Ormond.

My Lord,

THE Celebrated Author of the following Treatise, had not only the Honour to be known to Your Grace's Grandfather, the late illustrious Duke of ORMOND, but was likewise held by him in that just Esteem, which he never fail'd of expressing towards Men of || Learning and Ingenuity. This was a sufficient Encouragement to me (having the Manuscript-Copy delivered into my Hands by a Worthy and Intimate Friend of the Authors, to dispose of it to the Press for the publick Benefit) to Address it to Your Grace's Patronage. You are so true a Successor to all the generous Virtues of your Ancestry, that I cannot doubt of Your Favourable Reception of this posthumous Work. Your Generosity, that takes all occasions of exerting itself towards the Living, cannot fail in do-||ing Justice to the Memory of the Dead. More especially to such Persons as in their Life took care to oblige Posterity. The usefulness of the ensuing Discourse at this time, when there is so fair a prospect of a new Settlement in IRELAND, were sufficient to recommend it to Your Grace's Protection. Your Grace's Interest in the Re-establishment of that Kingdom (tho it be considerable) yet is much less than your Share in the glorious Enterprise towards its Recovery. ||

You had the Honour of accompanying His Majesty in an Adventure that shall shine in the Annals of Fame, as long as the Boyne shall maintain its Course. But a single Gallantry appeared not sufficient to the Heir of Ormond and of Ossery. You have since accompanied your Royall Master to other Shores, to be partaker with him in new Scenes of Action, Undertakings of no less Consequence and Importance than the Deliverance of Europe. This will afford sufficient matter for Panegyrick, and oblige the Mu-||ses to place you in the same high Rank of Renoun with your Noble and Heroick Predecessors. In the mean time be pleased to permit this useful Treatise to wait on you to the Camps, and bring you the hearty wishes of all good Men here, for Your happy Expedition, and Your safe Return, which is desired by none with more particular Zeal, than by

Your Grace's

Most Devoted Servant,

N. Tate.

[Dedication of the Second Edition, 1719.]

To the Right Honourable

THOMAS,

Lord PARKER,

Baron of Macclesfield in the County

of CHESTER;

Lord High Chancellor

of GREAT BRITAIN.

My Lord,

THE following Treatise of Sir William Petty's having already met with a favourable Reception from the Publick, even when it was im-||perfect in some of its parts: I beg leave to offer it now to your Lordship, with some Additions, necessary for the better understanding of it.

As the whole Design of this Treatise tends to the enriching of a Kingdom, by advancing its Trade and Publick Credit, I am naturally led to put it under the Patronage of a Minister of State, whose Love for his Nation's Welfare and Glory is so generally known to all the World; and more especially, my Lord, this Work, being founded upon Mathematical Truth, claims a Right to the Protection of your Lordship, || who is so great a Master in that Science.

The good Effect which the Advice of my learned Author has had in the Improvement of Ireland in a few Years, may in some measure determine how much any Nation may be advanced in Riches and Reputation by following some such like Rules as are laid down by the same Person at the End of the Book, under the Title of Verbum Sapienti: What is treated of in that part relates altogether to the Interest of England, and therefore I am fully assured it cannot be unacceptable to your Lordship, whose Genius leads you to the || maintaining of its established Religion, Laws, and Liberties, and with them everything that can contribute to the Honour of the King, and Ease of the Subject.

I am,

May it please your Lordship,

Your Lordship's,

Most obliged, and most

Obedient, Humble Servant.

THE

Author's Preface.

SIR Francis Bacon, in his Advancement of Learning, hath made a judicious Parallel in many particulars, between the Body Natural, and Body Politick, and between the Arts of preserving both in Health and Strength: And it is as reasonable, that as Anatomy is the best foundation of one, so also of the other and that to practice upon the Politick, without knowing the Symmetry, Fabrick, and Proportion of it, is as casual as the practice of Old-women and Empyricks.

Now, because Anatomy is not only necessary in Physicians, but laudable in every Philosophical person whatsoever; I therefore, who profess no Politicks, have, for my curiosity, at large attempted the first Essay of Political Anatomy.

Furthermore, as Students in Medicine, practice their inquiries upon cheap and common Animals, and such whose actions they are best || acquainted with, and where there is the least confusion and perplexure of Parts; I have chosen Ireland as such a Political Animal, who is scarce Twenty years old; where the Intrigue of State is not very complicate, and with which I have been conversant from an Embrion; and in which, if I have done amiss, the fault may be easily mended by another.

Tis true, that curious Dissections cannot be made without variety of proper Instruments; whereas I have had only a commin Knife and a Clout, instead of the many more helps which such a Work requires: However, my rude approaches being enough to find whereabout the Liver and Spleen, and Lungs lye, tho' not to discern the Lymphatick Vessels, the Plexus, Choroidus, the Volvuli of vessels within the Testicles; yet not knowing, that even what I have here readily done, was much considered, or indeed thought useful by others, I have ventur'd to begin a new Work, which, when Corrected and Enlarged by better Hands and Helps, I believe will tend to the Peace and Plenty of my Country; besides which, I have no other end.||

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE Reader is desired to take notice, That by Letterees, are meant persons restored to Land by virtue of the Letters of King Charles the Second; and by Nominees, such persons are intended, as were restored to their Lands by being named in the Act of Settlement; and Papists per Proviso, were such as had Provisoes in that Act for their Lands: And by the 49 Officers, are meant such Commission-Officers under the King, who served in Ireland before the year of our Lord, 1649.

The following Treatise of Sir William Petty's Political Anatomy of Ireland, is Printed after a Copy Transcribed from the Original, writ by the Authors own hand; and all the Blanks, as here Printed, were in that Original: And which, tho' it may be suppos'd he could easily have fill'd up, yet was it not held proper for any other to attempt, or to add to any thing done by so great a Master.

This his work of The Political Anatomy of Ireland ends in page 113.||

P. 114. begins the famous Report from the Council of Trade in Ireland, which was not only Drawn, but wholly Composed by Sir William Petty; and with which that Council concurred unanimously.

P. 132. followeth the Copy of the Commission of the late Duke of Ormond to be Lord Lieutenant; and an Account of the Establishment of the Civil and Military List in his time; faithfully and carefully taken out of Authentick Records: And to the Nature of which, the continued Title of The Political Anatomy of Ireland, on those Pages, agrees well enough.

The Volume concludes with Sir William Petty's Verbum Sapienti, which relates wholly to England, and shews how Taxes may be equally laid, and how the Nation may well bear the Tax of Four Millions per Annum.

The Reader is now left with his most Critical attentive Judgment, to enjoy the benefit of the great Political knowledg that Sir William Petty hath taught the Age; and for which (as one of the greatest Ornaments of it) he deserveth perpetual celebrations. Know Reader in a word, That

Nulla ferent talem sæcla futura virum.

The CONTENTS of the Political Anatomy of IRELAND.

|[I.] | OF the Lands of Ireland, with the present distribution and Values of the same. | | Page 1 [135]

|[II.] | Of the People, Houses and Smokes; their Number, Differences and Values, | | 7 [141]

|[III.] | Of the Church and Benefices, | |16 [148]

|[IV.] | Concerning the late Rebellion and its effects, | |17 [149]

|[V.] | Of the future Settlement of Ireland, Prevention of Rebellions, and its Union with England, | |25 [154]

|[VI.] | Of the Government of Ireland, Apparent and Internal, | |36 [162]

|[VII.] | Of the Militia and Defence of Ireland, | |42 [166]

|[VIII.] | Of the Coelum, Solum, & Fruges; or the Air, Soil and Product of Ireland, | |48 [170]

|[IX.] | Of the Rate which the Lands in Ireland do bear to each other, with the History of the several Valuations of the same, | |58 [176]

|[X.] | Of the Money of Ireland, and the Causes of its Decrease, with the Remedy for the same, | |68 [183]

|[XI.] | Of the Trade of Ireland, and its Impediments; the Commodities, and aptitude for Traffick, and incidently of the Cloaths and Dyet of the People: Of Sumptuary Laws, Absentees, &c. | |75 [188]

|[XII.] | Of the Religion, Language, Manners, and Interest of the present Inhabitants of Ireland; as also of the Present and Ancient Divisions and Names of the Lands, | |93 [198]

|[XIII.] | Some Miscellany Remarques and Intimations concerning Ireland, and the several matters aforementioned, | |103 [204]

A Report from the Council of Trade in Ireland, to the Lord Lieutenant and Council, &c. | |114 [213]

|[XIV.] | Considerations relating to the Improvement of Ireland, | |115 [214]

|[XV.] | Inferences from the Premises, | |120 [217]

Propositions to His Majesty concerning the Government of Ireland, | |146 [227]

[The List for Civil Affairs, &c. | |157

The Establishment and List, containing all the Payments to be made for Military Affairs, &c. | |181

Officers Provincial, | |184

Constables, | |186

Sundry Ministers belonging to the Ordnance, viz. in Lemster, | |188

Connaught, | |189

Munster, | |190

Ulster, | |191

Temporary Payments, | |196

A Catalogue of the Peers, | |199

A List of the Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks, | |200

Barons, | |201

A List of those Places that return Parliament-Men, &c. | |202]

Licensed, May the 11th. 1691.

Title, Notes, Preface and Contents

THE

Political Anatomy

OF

IRELAND.

1672.

[CHAPTER I.]

Of the Lands of Ireland.

THERE are in Ireland of Acres of Land, Irish Measure (whereof 121 Acres makes 196 English Measure) near about | |M. Ac.10,500

Whereof there is of Rivers, Highways, Loughs, unpassable Bogs, Rocks and Shrubs, about | |M. 1,500

Of very course Land, commonly call'd unprofitable | |1,500

Consequently of good Meadow, Arrable and Pasture | |7,500

| |10,500 | |2|

Of which Anno 1641, there did belong to Papists and Sequestred Protestants | |5,200 | To the Church, viz. Bishops, Deans, Chapters and Glebes | |300

To the Protestants planted by Queen Elizabeth and King James | |2,000

Of the 5,200 belonging to Papists and Sequestred Protestants Anno 1641.

There was restored to 26 that proved their constant good Affection, per est. | |40 | 210

To His Grace the D. of Ormond. | |130

To the Lord Inchiquine, Lord Roscommon, and others | |40

To innocent Papists, near | |1,200

To the Church, near | |20 | 140

To the Duke of York, near | |120

To Letterees and Nominees Irish-men | |60 | 420 | rowspan=2 | 3|

To Papists, per proviso with Collonel Vernon | |360

Left in the Common-Stock of Course-Land | |800 | 470

To Adventurers | |390

To Soldiers since 49. | |1,440 | |

To the 49 Officers | |280 | 550

To Protestants per proviso | |280

Upon Transplantation Decrees | |700

Restored to Mortgagees Protestants, about | |100 | |

|5,200 | |

So that of all the Lands seiz'd by the Usurpers, the Papists have recovered about | |M. 2,340

The new Protestants and. Churches Additions | |2,400

Of a more indifferent Nature, ut supra | |460

| |

| |5200

Mem. That Protestants in Connaught purchasedof the Transplantees per estimate. M. | |60 | |

Wherefore of the whole 7500 M. of good Land,the English, and Protestants and Church have thisChristmas 1672. | |5,140 | |

And the Irish have near ½ as much, viz. | |2,280 | |

7,500 | |4|

Remains in the Common-Stock, near | 80

M.

The said 7,500 Acres of good, and the 1,500 ofcourse, making together 9000 M. is worth perAnnum. | |M.l. 900,000

Out of which the King's Quit-rents, Old-rentsand Composition, | |90,000

Rests | |810,000

The Tythes whereof are one fifth, viz. | |162,000

Rests | |648,000

The benefit of Leases, and the value of Tenants Improvements upon the said Lands, is ⅓ viz. | |216,000

For the Landlords | |432,000

If the whole 75000 be clearly worth but43 2000 1. per Ann. then the 2,520 gain'd by theRebellion, is worth but about ⅓ thereof (the 80 M. in the Common Stock being worth very little), viz. | |144,000

And the Adventurers and Soldiers Lands, whoserved since 1649. worth about ¾ of the same, viz. | |108,000 | |5|

| |M.

And the said Soldiers alone 3/5 of the whole,viz. | |86,400per An.

Mem. That by the Successes of the Army, who serv'd since 1649. and who have 85400 l. per An. for their labour. His Majesty hath received the several Advantages following, viz.

1. Augmented the Church, the Duke of York, and by Provisoes. | |770 M.Acres.

2. Hath paid the Adventurers, and 49 Officers, besides Housing in Walled Towns | |670 M.Acres.

3. Gain'd a Revenue worth above 80000 1. per Ann. and 15 Years Purchase | |l. 1200,000

4. Gain'd the Years value, &c. worth | | 300,000

5. Hath freed himself from the 1648. Articles with the Irish.

6. Restored many of his Friends to their own Estates.

The value of the said Army's Lands at ten Years Purchase, is 854000 l. Out of which deduct a years value and charge, there remains now but | |l. 700,000For all their Pay and Hazard.

Mem.

That whereas until Anno England always sent Money and other Supplies into Ireland, now the Revenue is 200,000 1. and the charge Civil and Military but 170,0001. which is the gain or ease of England.

The Debentures of Commission Officers, who serv'd eight years till about December 1649. comes to | |l. 1,800,000

Wherefore the Pay of private Soldiers to | |5,400,000

7,200,000

6

The 1/8 whereof is 900,000 l. The one half whereof being for Foot, was, 450,0001. per Ann. which, at 15 l. each, maintains 30,000 Foot, and the rest 15000 Horse, General Officers, and Train of Artillery included; so as there was a British Army, for eight Years, of at least 45000 Men.

The Army who reduced the Rebellion, did Anno 1652, consist of near 35000 Men, as per Debentures. |7|

The Irish transported into Foreign parts, between 1651 and 1654. were 34,000 Men.

The Irish Army could not but be more than double to the English.

The Claymants of Land, or the number of Proprietors before the War was.

Of all that claimed innocency 7 in 8. obtained it.

The restored Persons by innocence and proviso have more than what was their own. Anno 1641. by at least 1/5.

They have gotten by forg'd Feofments of what was more than their own, at least 1/3.

Of those adjudged Innocents, not 1/20 were really so.

The King's Revenue in Ireland Anno 1641.

The yearly charge of the Army for 20 years last past.

Chapter II

[CHAPTER II.]

Of People, Houses, and Smoaks ; their Number, Differences, and Values.

THere are of People, Men, Women andChildren. | |1,100,000

There are of Families | |200,000

Of Smoaks | |250,000 | |8|

VIZ.

Of the People, there are English | |200,000

Of Papists | |800,000

Of Non-Papists | |300,000

Scots | |100,000

Irish | |800,000

5

2,200,000

The Scots are Presbyterians, and the Irish, Papists. But the English are above 100,000 legal Protestants or Conformists, and the rest are Presbyterians, Independants, Anabaptists and Quakers.

Of the Families.

Such as have no fix'd Hearths, are | |160,000

Such as have but one Chimney | |24,000

Such as have more than one | |16,000

Of Smoaks.

The Single-Smoak-houses, are ut supra | |184,000

And those Houses that have more than one Chimney, have but one with another above four in each House, viz. in all | |66,000

250, M.|9|

The Number of them of all degrees, who paid Poll-money, Anno 1661. was about | |360,000

Dublin hath Houses of more than one Smoak. | 3,400

Other Cities, Towns, and Corporations of thelike. | |6,000

The rest of Ireland of the like | 6,600

165,M.

And of Smiths Forges, near the same number, or rather 1/5 more.

A more particular Account of the Houses in Ireland, which have more than one Chimney , viz.

The Castle of Dublin hath Chimneys | |125

The Earl of Meath's House in Dublin | |27

The Houses of Dublin which have above 10, are | |164

The Number of Coaches, besides Hackneys, near the same Number, or rather fewer.

There be (ut supra) 160,000 Cabins without Chimneys, whose worth are not reckoned ; but as for the others, we rate as follows, viz. Houses of |10|

1 Chimny | 24000 at 5l. each | 120,000l.

of 2, and 3, | 6800 at 40l. | 272,000l.

4, 5, 6, | 5600 at 100l. | 560,000l.

7, 8, 9, | 2500 at 300l. | 750,000l.

10, 11, 12, | 700 at 600l. | 420,000l.

13, 14, 15, 16,17, 18, 19, 20. | 400 at 1000l. | 400,000l.

2,522,000

For 20 Transcendental-houses, per estimate | |78,000

Total | |2,600,000

Memorandum, That not ⅛ part of the Value of all those Houses do belong to other than English Protestants. | |325,000

To the English | |2,275,000

There are of Non-papists in Dublin | |28,000

In the other Cities, Towns, Corporations, &c. | |72,000

In the Country | |100,000

2,000,000

There is in Nature but one in 500 at most who are Blind, Lame, and under incurable Impotence; so as not above 2000 in Ireland, whom 12000l. would maintain without Scandal. |11|

The number of young Children under sevenyears old, and not fit for Labour, is ¼ ofthe 275,000 whole, viz. | |275,000

The said number of Impotents | |2000

The number of Soldiers | |3000

280,000

The Masters and Mistresses of 360 Families, wherein are above six Smoaks, are | |7,200

Their Servants to their Persons | |14,400

The Servants to the Persons of such as live in 5600 Families of 4, 5, 6. Smoaks, are | |11,200

Servants in Families of 2, and 3, Smoaks | |6800

Ministers, Students, &c. | |400

320,000

People in all | |1100 | M.

Of above 6 years old | |704

16 | |462

26 | |297

36 | |198

46 | |132

56 | |88

66 | |77

So as there are in Ireland fit for Trade | 780,000 | |12|

Which are Imployed as followeth, viz.

For the Tillage of 500,000 Acres of Land for Corn, Men, and their Wives | |100,000

For Cowherds and Shepherds to Cattel, grazing upon Seven Millions of Acres, viz. six Millions of black Cattel, or their equivalent in Horses and Sheep, Men and their Wives. | |120,000

220,000

By the other side. | |220,000

Imployed about the taking of 5000 Hogsheads of Pilchards, Boats, Nets, Hewers, &rc. Men and Women. | |1000

Imployed about making 1000 Tuns of Iron, Men and Women | |2000

Smiths as by account, Men and Women | |15,000

Their Servants to the Trade | |7,500

Taylors and their Wives | |45,000

Carpenters and Masons, and their Wives | |10,000

Shoemakers and their Wives | |20,000

and Servants | |2500

Millers and their Wives | |1600 | |13|

Workers of Wooll and their Wives. | |30,000

Tanners and Curriers, and their Wives. | |10,000

331,600

Trades of Fancy and Ornament and their Wives. | |48,400

380,000

Wherefore if the present Employment be performed with 380,000 Persons, it follows that there are to spare for other uses | |400,000

Memorandum, That in Dublin, where are but 4000 Families, there are at one time 1180 Ale-houses, and 91 publick Brew-houses, viz. near of the whole; it seems, that in Ireland, there being 200 M. Families, that about 60 M. of them should use the same Trade.

And consequently, That 180,000 viz. 60 Men, 60 Women, and 60 Servants do follow the Trade of Drink. | |180,000

So as there are yet to spare, who are Casherers and Fait-neants. | |220,000

400,000 | |14|

Whereas it is manifest, that ⅔ of the Alehouses may be spared, even although the same quantity of Drink should be sold ; then there will yet be further to spare of them | |110,000and 220,000

340,000

Having shew'd that 340,000 of spare hands are in Ireland, it follows to find Employments for them, which is at 7l. per head, to earn per Ann. | |2,380,000

This Imployment may be either in order to Local Wealth, or Universal Wealth.

Local Wealth I understand to be the building of 168,000 small Stone-wall Houses, with Chimneys, Doors, Windores, Gardens and Orchards, ditch'd and quicksetted ; instead of the lamentable Sties now in use; the which may cost 3 l. each, in all | |l. 544,000

The planting 5 Millions of Fruit-Trees at 4 d. each. | |83,000

Planting 3 Millions of Timber-Trees upon the Bounds and Meers of every Denomination of Lands at 3 d. each | |360,000 l. | |15|

Of Inclosures and Quicksets one Million of Perches at 12 d. per Perch. | |l. 50,000

Fortifying the City of Dublin | 30,000

Building a new Palace for the chief Governour. | 30,000

Making there a Mold for Shipping. | 15,000

Making several Rivers navigable and mending High-Ways. | |35,000

Building of 100 Churches, at 200 l. each | 20,000

Workhouses of several sorts. Tan-Yards, Fishing Crofts, Rape-Mills, Allom and Copperas-works, as also Madder, Lead, Salt, &c. | |50,000

In order to Money and Universal Wealth.

For Ten Thousand Tuns of Shipping | 100,000

For a Stock of Wool, Hemp, Flax and Rawhides for one Years Work | |400,000

For the Labour of Men to Manufacture the same. | |1000,000

Chapter III

[CHAPTER III.]

Of the Church and Benefices.

IF ½ the Non-Papists are Non-Conformists, then there are but 50000 Legal Protestants in Dublin and all other Cities, Towns, &c. which require but 50 preaching Ministers.

And if there are but 50 M. Legal Protestants in the rest of Ireland, they require but 100 Ministers, at 500 to a Flock, whereof ⅓, viz. 166 are Children.

If there be in England and Wales about 9000 Parishes, and under 30 Bishops, then every Bishop must have above 300 Parsons in his Charge.

So as one Bishop in Ireland is more than 30 in England.

Wherefore 25,000l. would afford 150l. per Ann. of each of 150 Ministers, and 2500l. to the Bishop.

The value of the Church-Lands and appropriate Tythes, is per Ann. above the Kings Rent due out of them.

If 100 Ministers can serve all Ireland, they must have Precincts of neer 13/14 Miles square, and consequently they must be Itinerants, and as Lecturers on week-days; and other honest ordained Men must be Priests. |17|

If 150, nay, if 250 Ministers would serve all Ireland, then 10 per Ann. will supply their Mortality: And consequently a Nursery of 100 will send forth 10 yearly of 10 years standing. Perhaps the Nursery need not be above half so large.

Chapter IV

[CHAPTER IV.]

Concerning the Late Rebellion.

THE number of the People being now Anno 1672 about 1100,000. and Anno 1652. about 850 M. because I conceive that 80 M. of them have in 20 years encreased by Generation 70 M. by return of banished and expelled English; as also by the access of new ones, 80 M. of New Scots, and 20 M. of returned Irish, being all 250 M.

Now if it could be known what number of people were in Ireland, Ann. 1641. then the difference between the said number, and 850, adding unto it the encrease by Generation, in 11 years will shew the destruction of people made by the Wars, viz. by the Sword, Plague, and Famine occasioned thereby.