Edwards's Botanical Register

Front matter

For Volumes 1 to 14, see The Botanical Register.

Volumes 15 to 23 are given two volume numbers: one for Edward's Botanical Register, and one for the entire Botanical Register series. For example, Volume 15 is presented as "Volume 1, or Volume 15 of the whole series". The latter number is adopted here.

Volumes 24 to 33 are presented as a new series, with volume numbers starting from one. For example, Volume 24 is presented as "New Series, Volume 1". It is common practice, however, to refer to these as Volumes 24 to 33, so as to avoid confusion with previous volumes. Plate numbers begin at 1 in each volume.

Volume 16

EDWARDS'S BOTANICAL REGISTER, OR, ORNAMENTAL FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY: CONSISTING OF COLOURED FIGURES OF PLANTS AND SHRUBS, CULTIVATED IN BRITISH GARDENS; ACCOMPANIED BY THEIR History, Best Method of Treatment in Cultivation, Propagation, &c.

CONTINUED By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph.D.F.R.S. L.S. and G.S. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, &c. &c. &c.

New Series. VOL. XVI.

—viret semper—nec fronde caducâ Carpitur.

LONDON:

JAMES RIDGWAY, 169, PICCADILLY.

M.DCCC.XXX.

... ... ...

LONDON: J. MOYES, TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE.

1316 Banksia undulata

1316

BAŃKSIA* unduláta. Waved-leaved Banksia.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Nat. ord. Proteaceaæ.

BANKSIA. Suprà, vol. 8, fol. 688.

B. undulata; foliis cuneato-oblongis dentatis undulatis subtús reticulatis glabriusculis, stigmate cylindraceo sulcato, caule arboreo. Rami cinerei tomentosi. Folia 4-5-uncias longa, cuneata, obtusa, vix truncata, in petiolo sensim attenuata, grossé serrata, undulata, subtùs viridia, reticulata, glabra, costá tomentosá. Amenta oblonga, obtusa; bracteæ tomentose. Calyx fulvo-sericeus, stylo multó brevior. Stylus rectus, ascendens, nunquam recurvatus. Stigma oblogum, sulcatum, glabrum.

Whether this is any thing more than a variety of Banksia serrata, we cannot undertake to decide. It is certainly not the same as the plant cultivated in our Gardens under that name, differing in the shortness of its leaves, and their very undulated surface. Mr Campbell, Gardener to the Comte de Vandes, in whose collection it exists, finds it permanently distinct both from B. serrata and æmula.

It is a fine greenhouse plant, attaining a height of 9 or 10 feet, and flowering in September and October.

Branches ash-coloured, downy. Leaves 4 or 5 inches long, cuneate, obtuse, scarcely truncate, tapering by degrees into the petiole, coarsely serrated, wavy, green beneath, reticulated, smooth, with a downy midrib. Heads of flowers oblong, obtuse; bracteæ downy. Calyx fulvous, silky, much shorter than the style. Style straight, ascending, never curved backwards. Stigma oblong, furrowed, smooth.

J.L.

Named in compliment to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, late President of the Royal Society, - a gentleman who will ever be remembered with gratitude, as the kindest friend, the firmest supporter, the most powerful protector, that has yet been recorded in the history of science.

1363. Banksia littoralis

1363

BAŃKSIA* littorális. Shore Banksia.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Nat. ord. Proteaceæ. Jussieu. (Introduction to the natural system of botany, p. 68.) BANKSIA.—Suprà, vol. 16, fol. 1316.

B. littoralis; foliis elogato-linearibus spinuloso-dentatis basi attenuatis subtús aveniis, perinathiis deciduis, follicus compressis bracteisque strobili apice tomentosis, caule arboreo, ramulis tomentosis.—R. Brown in Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 204. Prodr. 392. Römer et Shultes, 3. 438. Frutex in horto orgyalis, ramulis gracilibus purpureo-cinereis villosis. Folia linearia, in petiolo attenuata, apice truncata, spinuloso-dentata præsertim ultra medium, suprá subtilissimà pubescentia, subtùs albo-lanata, avenia, costâ denudatâ. Amentum cylindraceum, calycibus rufus bracteisque sericeis, stylis rigidis, purpureis.

A native of the southern part of New Holland, where it was found by Mr. Brown without flowers. It is now not uncommon in our conservatories, but rarely flowers. Our drawing was made in the conservatory of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, at Syon, in March last.

If we can judge from our wild New Holland specimens, the species is subject to variation in the denticulations of the leaves. We have what appears to be identical with this, with some leaves altogether entire, and the remainder very slightly toothed.

A shrub, growing as high as a man in our conservatories, with slender purple-gray villous branches. Leaves long, linear, tapering to the petiole, truncate, spinous-toothed, especially beyond the middle, with the very minute down on the upper side; white with down, except the naked mid-rib, and veinless, beneath. Amentum cylindrical, with rufous calyxes, which are downy, as well as the bracteæ and rigid purple styles.

J.L.

See fol. 1316.

VOL. XVI K

Volume 20

EDWARDS'S BOTANICAL REGISTER, OR, ORNAMENTAL FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY: CONSISTING OF COLOURED FIGURES OF PLANTS AND SHRUBS, CULTIVATED IN BRITISH GARDENS; ACCOMPANIED BY THEIR History, Best Method of Treatment in Cultivation, Propagation, &c.

CONTINUED By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph.D. F.R.S. L.S. and G.S. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, &c. &c. &c.

New Series. VOL. VII. OR VOL. XX. OF THE ENTIRE WORK

—viret semper—nec fronde caducâ Carpitur.

LONDON: JAMES RIDGWAY AND SONS, PICCADILLY.

M.DCCC.XXXV.

THE END. LONDON: NORMAN AND SKEEN, PRINTERS, MAIDEN LANE, COVENT GARDEN.

1728. Banksia speciósa

1728

BANKSIA speciósa.

Shewy Banksia.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Nat. ord. Proteaceae. (Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, p. 68.) BANKSIA. Supra, vol. 8, fol. 688.

1. Stylus perianthio longior hinc unguibus citiùs solutis arcuatim exsertus. Stigma laminis tardiùs dehiscentibus inclusum. Amentum floriferum cylindraceum, fructiferum folliculis transversis pluribus. Banksiæ veræ. R. Brown Prodr. 247.

B. speciosa; foliis linearibus pinnatifidis; lobis triangulari-semiovatis mucronatis subtùs niveis obsoletè nervosis, perianthii laminis lanatis, stylo pubescente, folliculis tomentosis. R. Brown in Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 210. prodr. 252. Graham in Edinb. Phil. Journ. Dec. 1830. Bot. Mag. t. 3052.

A rare species, which, as far as we know, has only flowered three times in this country; first, in the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, next in the garden of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, to whom we are indebted for an opportunity of figuring it, and, lastly, in the collection of Henry Berens, Esq. at Sidcup.

It is chiefly for its beautiful foliage and graceful habit that it is valued, its flowers having no strikingly brilliant colours to recommend them.

We found neither the whiteness of the under side of the leaves, nor the faintness of the veins, which are supposed to be characteristic of the species; but these were probably only accidental deviations from what is usual.

Dr. Brown states it to be a native of Lewin's Land, on the south coast of New Holland, in rocky places near the sea-coast.

It is almost superfluous to say that this fine genus was named in honour of the late Sir Joseph Banks, the enlightened traveller, and the steady friend of science, whose memory would deserve to be immortalised, if it were only for his protection of such men as Dryander and Brown.

Appendix to the First Twenty-three Volumes

APPENDIX TO THE FIRST TWENTY-THREE VOLUMES OF EDWARDS'S BOTANICAL REGISTER: CONSISTING OF A COMPLETE ALPHABETICAL AND SYSTEMATICAL INDEX OF NAMES, SYNONYMES, AND MATTER, ADJUSTED TO THE PRESENT STATE OF SYSTEMATICAL BOTANY; TOGETHER WITH A SKETCH OF THE VEGETATION OF THE SWAN RIVER COLONY WITH NINE COLOURED PLATES, CONTAINING EIGHTEEN COLOURED FIGURES OF PLANTS, AND WITH FOUR WOOD-CUTS. ————◆———— By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph. D. F.R.S. and L.S. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON, AND THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN, VICE-SECRETARY OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, &c. &c. &c. LONDON: JAMES RIDGEWAY, PICCADILLYM.DCCC.XXXIX.

PREFACE.

Much of the value of all works depends upon their having a good index; if this is true as a general rule, it is much more so with regard to books of great extent, involving multitudes of independent facts, and especially in the case of such a publication as the Botanical Register, of which twenty-three volumes have appeared without any classified catalogue of their contents. It is true, that alphabetical lists of the plants figured in those volumes have been already published, but one list stopped with the 13th volume, and the other applies only to the 10 succeeding ones; they are moreover merely alphabetical, while a systematical index is quite as necessary, and they contain no references to the numerous synonymes ascertained during the progress of the publication. These considerations have led the editor to undertake the laborious task of preparing a new and complete index, both classified and alphabetical, of the entire work, including not merely the names of the plants actually figured, together with their synonymes, but references to all the genera and species described only in the notes, and to such systematical and physiological observations as are to be found scattered through the pages. In doing this, the opportunity has been taken of revising the whole of the nomenclature, and of introducing such changes and corrections as the rapid progress of Systematical Botany has rendered necessary. The systematical index has thus become a silent commentary upon the whole 23 volumes, and is an indispensable adjunct to the work itself; for it will serve to shew the unlearned how far innovations in nomenclature are fit to be adopted, and which of the alterations that have from time to time been actually admitted into the work, appear, upon deliberate consideration, to deserve perpetuation. The number of errors requiring correction is not considerable, but it will be found, by a reference to the index, that they have been made unsparingly, and without the least regard to personal considerations.

It has appeared to the Editor desirable to take advantage of this opportunity, for publishing at once a detailed account of the vegetation of one of the most interesting of the British Colonial possessions, from which multitudes of seeds are now continually arriving, and of which it is absolutely necessary for the lover of gardens to have some knowledge, if he would avoid the vexation of buying plants of no value under high sounding and imposing names. It is probable that for some years to come, few species deserving cultivation, will be received from Swan River, beyond such as are noticed in this Appendix, which will therefore, it is hoped, form a useful guide to purchasers in this country, and enable those who reside in the colony, or who have friends there, to judge on the one hand what to send home, and on the other, what to ask their correspondents to collect.

The utility of such a work to those who wish to become acquainted with the Botany of the Swan River Colony, for colonial or mercantile purposes, does not require to be insisted on.

A sketch of the vegetation of the Swan River Colony A systematical index to the first twenty-three volumes of The Botanical Register An alphabetical index to the first twenty-three volumes of The Botanical Register Plates

Appendix to the First Twenty-three Volumes A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony

A SKETCH OF THE VEGETATION OF THE SWAN RIVER COLONY.

The frequent arrival of seeds from this Colony, the excellent state in which they are received, and the facility with which further supplies can be procured, appear to render some Botanical account of this remarkable country a desirable appendage to a work which, like the Botanical Register, forms an original record of new plants introduced, or worthy of introduction, to our Gardens. A publication of the more remarkable or beautiful species will tend to prevent double names, which would otherwise be likely to find their way into collections, in consequent of species being named by difference Botanists independently of each other; and this is in itself an object, the attainment of which is of considerable importance. Moreover the purchasers of plants will often be able, by a reference to this sketch, to ascertain, by the names under which Swan River plants are offered for sale, whether particular species are worth possession, either for the sake of their beauty or singularity.

The only systematical account of the Swan River Flora which has yet appeared is Baron Hugel's Enumeration,* but as nothing has been printed of that valuable work, beyond a single number, published in 1837, it is to be feared that we are not likely to see a continuation of it. There are however several scattered notices of Swan River plants by Dr. Endlicher,† one of the principal contributors to the Enumeration, and occasional descriptions have appeared in the

Enumeratio plantarum quas in N. Hollandiæ ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorum et in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel. Vindob. 1837. 8vo. pp. 83.

† Novarum Stirpium Decades, editæ a Museo Cæsarea Palatino Vindobonensi. Ni. 1–4. Maii, 1839. 8vo.

Stirpium Australasicarum herbarii Hügeliani Decades tres. Vindob. Dec. 1838, 4to.

Botanical Register and Botanical Magazine; some of the Proteaceæ have also been described in Brown's Supplement.* If to these sources of information we add a short notice of the vegetation of the country by Dr. Brown,† and a similar paper by the late Mr. Charles Frazer,‡ there is little further to notice concerning the published accounts of the Botany of this part of the world.

The materials from which the following sketch has been drawn up are the foregoing documents, and an herbarium of about 1000 species, formed by the communications of Mr. James Drummond, now resident in the Colony, Captain James Mangles, R.N., R. Mangles, Esq., Mr. Toward, Gardener to Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester, and N. B. Ward, Esq. of Wellclose Square, to all whom I beg to express my thanks for the assistance they have afforded me. Some information regarding the climate and soil has also been derived from papers in the Journal of the Geographical Society, and from a memoir upon Western Australia by Dr. Milligan, which was published in the Madras Journal for October 1837.

The Swan River Colony is stationed on the South-west coast of New Holland, about two degrees nearer the tropic than Sydney, on the opposite coast, the mouth of the river being nearly in 32° S. lat., whence it runs gradually in a north-easterly direction. The Colony itself is situated upon both sides of the river, and extends as far south as the Murray in lat. 32°. 33'. According to Dr. Milligan the entire area of the Colony is about 50 miles by 30; but there is no evidence to shew whether all the plants hereafter to be noticed were collected within these narrow limits.

The country is described as being usually of the open forest description, consisting of undulating plains, covered with a great profusion of plants; three-fourths of the trees belonging to the genus Eucalyptus. It is broken by the

Supplementum primum Prodromi Floræ N. Holl. Lond. 1830. 8vo.

† General View of the Botany of the Vicinity of Swan River; in Journ. of R. Geogr. Soc. I. 17. 1832.

‡ Remarks on the Botany, &c. of the Banks of the Swan Riverm Isle of Bauche, Baie Géographe and Cape Naturaliste in Hooker's Botanical Miscellany, I. 221, 1830.

limestone mountains of the Darling range, which rise about 2000 feet above the sea, and are covered with evergreen trees.

Dr. Milligan observes, that "the soil is of three different kinds—1st, sandy—2nd, alluvial—3rd, red loam; the first is found near the coast, and, though unpromising in appearance, trees, shrubs, and grasses grow on it abundantly, and with the assistance of manure excellent esculent vegetables are obtained from it, as the valuable gardens in the farms of Perth and Freemantle sufficiently testify. The second, or alluvial, is in extensive flats, and produces admirable crops of wheat, barley, oats, &c. without any assistance from manure. The third, or red loam, which is met with on the high ground on the banks of the rivers, produces the same crops as the alluvial, but requires the assistance of manure. There is a great deal of subterraneous moisture, which appears to be retained by a sub-soil of clay, which is to be met with at an average depth of five or six feet."

Mr. Frazer made the same remark as to the abundance of water near the surface. He says that he was very much astonished at the beautiful dark-green and vigorous appearance of the trees, considering that the season had been unusually dry; but he found the cause to depend upon the great quantity of springs with which the country abounds. On penetrating two feet into the earth he found the soil perfectly moist, and he felt confident that if he had penetrated a foot deeper he should have found water.

Concerning the climate, which Mr. Frazer describes as "the most delightful he ever experienced", we have some good information from Dr. Milligan. The hottest months are December, January and February; the greatest heat observed in four years was 106° Fahr. in January, 1831, and the least was 33° in July of the same year. The mean of the hottest month was 78°, and of the coldest 54°.84. Between nine and ten inches of rain fell in July, 1830, and June, 1833, while in January there was less than an inch; the summer months being hot and dry, the winter very wet and comparatively cold; the whole amount of rain that fell in 1830 was 32.142 inches, and, in 1833, 26.925 inches.

Among the introduced plants we are informed of the following facts. Along the banks of the rivers may be seen fields of wheat, barley, oats, peas, potatoes, turnips, pump , Indian wheat, &c. intermixed with fine pasture land. The sandy soil is covered with coarse herbage, on which cattle thrive remarkably well; on the good soil, about sixteen kinds of grasses are met with, amongst which anthistiria australis, the kangaroo grass, is conspicuous. The gardens furnish most kinds of edible vegetables in great abundance; some of which may be obtained in all seasons. Amongst these are cabbages, endive, beet, parsley, cresses, leaks, onions, radishes, carrots, knol-kohl, parsnips, turnips, artichokes, vegetable marrow, and cauliflower; also cucumbers, pumpkins, water cresses, tomatos, capsicums; with musk melon, rock melon, and water melon in great plenty and perfection. The fruits now thriving are the grape, fig, peach, almond, apple, pear, strawberry, sloe, plum (several varieties), olive, the common and white mulberry, pine apple, plantain, sugar cane, Cape gooseberry; besides which several ripen, which, in colder countries, never come to perfection: such as lemons, citrons, and oranges. From all which data we may conclude that the climate of Swan River is like that of the South of Italy; and that while any of the native plants may be expected to thrive in the open air in England during the summer, none are likely to bear our winters except the mountain plants, and those only in the South of England.

The more conspicuous plants which greatly contribute to give a character to the landscape are, according to Brown, Kingia australis, a species of Xanthorhœa, a Zamia nearly allied to and perhaps not distinct from Z. spiralis of the East coast, although it is said frequently to attain the height of thirty feet; a species of Callitris; one or two of Casuarina; an Exocarpus, probably not different from E. cupressiformus; and Nuytsia floribunda. The latter (Tab IV.), which bears a profusion of yellow flowers, and is said to attain the stature of a small Orange tree, is a most curious instance of a plant, belonging to the parasitical order Loranthaceæ, growing in the ground. The Xanthorhœa above mentioned, is described by Frazer as being associated with gigantic specimens of a Banksia he calls grandis, and, with Zamia spiralis, thirty feet high, which it rivals in dimensions, forming groups that impart to some places a character perfectly tropical. The natural orders which most abound in the Colony are chiefly composed of species peculiar to this part of Australia; the richest in species are Myrtaceæ, especially the curious and beautiful tribe of Chamælaucieæ, Fabaceæ or Leguminosæ, Rutaceæ, Lasiopetaleæ, Droseraceæ, Pittosporaceæ, Compositæ, Epacridaceæ, Goodeniaceæ, Styidiaceæ, Proteaceæ, Hæmodoraceæ, and Orchidaceæ; concerning each of which it is necessary to offer some special observations.

Myrtaceæ Fabaceæ or Leguminosæ Rutaceæ Lasiopetaleæ Droseraceæ Pittosporaceæ Compositæ, or Asteraceæ Epacridaceæ Goodeniaceæ Stylidiaceæ Proteaceæ Miscellaneous Exogens Hæmodoraceæ Orchidaceæ Miscellaneous Endogens Explanation of the Plates

Appendix to the First Twenty-three Volumes, A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony, Rutaceae

Rutaceæ

The plants of this order are very different here from what they are upon the East and South-east coasts. There are no Correas, or Phebaliums; Crowea, Philotheca, and Zieria seem unknown; and of the other eastern genera, Boronia and Eriostemon, there are only a few species of little moment; the most remarkable among which are B. spathulata,73 an upright simple shrub, with distant glaucous obovate leaves, and terminal pretty pink flowers; B. viminea,74 a near little branched shrub with very narrow leaves, and red axillary flowers; and Eriostemum ? nodiflorum,77 whose blue flowers are collected in compact heads, beyond which extend the young branches, covered with heath-like leaves. There are however three genera peculiar to the Colony, one of which is Diplopeltis Dampieri, introduced to our gardens by Baron Hugel, a grey shrub, with long pink stamens and the flowers arranged in nodding heads; the second is Chorilæna quercifolia, a singular plant, with a broad sinuated foliage clothed with stellate hairs, and greenish white flowers of no beauty, but also capitate; the third is a genus allied to Boronia, but having blue flowers, and differing from that genus in the filaments being destitue of a glandular thickening at their junction with the anther. To this genus the name of Cyanothamnus may be given;78 one of the species is a branching shrub, the other a simple stemmed, apparently annual, plant.

(73) Boronia spathulata; glauca, ramis strictis simplicibus, foliis simplicibus distantibus obovatis integerrimis apiculatis, cymis terminalibus 3-floris pedunculatis, filamentis basi pilosis.

(74) Boronia viminea; ramis dichotomis tenuibus flexuosis,foliis linearibus obtusis planis basi angustatis internodiis paulo longioribus, floribus solitariis axillaribus breviter pedunculatis, filamentis villosissimis.

(75) Boronia teretifolia; glabra, foliis simplicibus teretibus obtusis basi dilatatis hinc sulcatis, cymis multifloris longè pedunculatis, filamentis hispidis.—Folia revera plana convoluta.

(76) Boronia scabra; foliis simplicibus lineari-oblongis obtusis margine revolutis ramisque hispido-pilosis, floribus solitariis terminalibus, sepalis subulatis hispidis, filamentis glabris.—Flowers very small, red.

(77) Eriostemum ? nodiflorum; ramulis pubescentibus, foliis linearibus obtusiusculis glandulosis glabris erectis, floribus lateralibus capitatis, bracteis linearibus margine villosis, calycibus pilosis, filamentis villosis, ovarii lobis inæqualibus cornutis.

(78) Cyanothamnis. Sepala 4. Petala 4. Stamina 8, filamentis membranaceis subulatis; antheræ appendice ipsis æquali auctæ. Ovarium simplex. Capsula 4-partita: loculis 2-valvibus monospermis.—Folia simplicia et pinnata. Flores cœrulei.

Cyanothamnus ramosus; caule fruticoso ramoso, foliis filiformibus biternatis, floribus axillaribus solitariis, petalis demum involutis recurvis persistentibus, filamentis ciliatis apice pubescentibus, antheræ appendice erectâ planâ.

Cyanothamnus tenuis; annua?, foliis simplicibus filiformibus internodiis sæpe brevioribus, floribus solitariis axillaribus, petalis demum erectis imbricatis, filamentis ciliatis apice glanduloso-punctatis, antheræ appendice ventricosa oblonga reflexâ.

Lasiopetaleae

Lasiopetaleæ.

The abundance of these plants must be taken as one of the most characteristic features of the Swan River Flora, not fewer than four genera and fourteen species of this very small group being already known as its inhabitants. Of these the greater part belong to the genus Thomasia79 and are of little

nterest, with the exception of T. stipulacea, paniculata, glutinosa, and grandiflora, all of which bear fine showy flowers, and deserve a place in a conservatory. Of the other genera, Corethrostylis bracteata, Endl. a downy shrub with heart-shaped leaves, is now cultivated in Baron Hugel's garden at Vienna; it bears a profusion of graceful forked racemes of crimson flowers, growing from the axils of crimson bracts, and is one of the most beautiful plants of the Colony. Sarotes ledifolia85 is a stiff-branched shrub, with very large flowers apparently of a light blue, and small leaves not unlike those of Ledum angustifolium, but whorled in threes; like the last genus it is remarkable for having a style covered with clusters of long hairs, so as to look like a bottle-brush. Leucothamnus montanus86 is a large bush, of rare occurrence on the mountains, with fine campanulate white flowers, at the base of which grow three leafy hispid bracts; its leaves are heart-shaped, coarsely toothed, and about the size of those of Thomasia solanacea.

Of other plants allied to Malvaceæ, there appears to be very few. A species of Rulingia is in Mr. Drummond's collection, and there are five or six fine species of Hibiscus, of which H. lilacinus of the Botanical Register, tab. 2009, is one of the handsomest. An Hibiscus, with peltate leaves, was found by Frazer growing luxuriantly on the beach; but I have seen nothing which answers to this description.

(79) Thomasia stipulacea; glabra sed pilis ferrugineis stellatis bispida, foliis cordatis subhastatis angulatis obtusis sinuatis margine recurvis, stipulis magnis foliaceis petiolatis cordatis subtrilobis latioribus quam longis, racemis secundis foliis longioribus, calyce basi hispido, staminibus 5 sterilibus subulatis, petalis 0.

(80) Thomasia paniculata; foliis cordatis lanceolatis subhastatis pilosis subtus stellato-bispidis, stipulis foliaceis semicordatis rotundatis, racemis flexuosis multifloris foliis longioribus hispidissimis, staminibus 5, petalis 0, stylo glabro.

(81) Thomasia pauciflora; foliis cordatis lanceolatis subhastatis pilosis subtus stellato-bispidis nunc glabrescentibus, stipulis oblongis foliaceis semicordatis obtusis, pedunculis hispidis apice subtrifloris foliorum longitudine, staminibus 5, petalis 0, stylo basi tomentoso.—Priori affinis, sed habitu omnino diversa, et stylo racemis floribusque duplò minoribus facillimè distinguenda.

82) Thomasia glutinosa; foliis cordatis hastato-trilobis supra pilosis subtus stellato-tomentosis, stipulis nullis?, racemis subterminalibus erectis multifloris glutinosis pilorum fasciculis sparsè stellatis, antheris 5 rostratis, petalis 0, stylo tenui filiformi glabro basi piloso.—Flowers bright pink, large and showy.

83) Thomasia canescens; foliis cordatis ovatis obtusis trilobis hastatisve supra glabratis subtus ramulisque incano-tomentosis, stipulis nullis?, racemis subterminalibus erectis multifloris incanis, calycibus basi villosis, antheris 5 rostratis, petalis 0, stylo tenui filiformi glabro.—An præcedentis var. sed flores duplò minores.

(84) Thomasia grandiflora; foliis cordatis ovatis obtusis integris demùm glabris, bracteis ovatis ovalibusque obtusis integris trilobisque petiolatis, pedunculis

terminalibus tomentosis apice subfloris, calycibus utrinque tomentosis margine undulatis glabris, staminibus 5, stylo setaceo basi piloso.—Flowers very large, an inch in diameter.

(85) Sarotes. Calyx membranaceus pentagonus. Petala 5, cucullata. Stamina 5, antherarum apice elongate bilobo. Ovarium 5-loculare, loculis dispermis, ovulis superpositis; stylus supra basin scopæformis.

Sarotes ledifolia. Folia linearia, margine revoluta, obtusa, ramulisque incana, fasciculis pilorum nullis conspicuis; ternatim verticillata, forte stipulis in folia omnino mutatis. Pedunculi stellato-tomentosi, apice pauciflori corymbosi. Flores maximi cœrulescentes.

(86) Leucothamnus. Calyx campanulatus, bracteis 3 foliaceis basi adnatls. Petala 0. Stamina 10, altè perigyna, ad basin libera; quinque sterilibus membranaceis; antheræ fertilium cordatæ, obtusæ, longitudlnallter dehiscentes. Ovarium conicum, fundo stamineo calycis semi-immersum, ventricosum, 3-loculare; ovulis cuique loculo duobus, erectis, collateralibus; stylus setaceus glaberrimus.

Leucothamnus montanus. Frutex incano-tomentosus. Folia subrotundo-ovata, cordata, inæqualiter dentata; majora 3 pollices longa. Stipulæ semicordatæ. Pedunculi oppositifolii, apice racemosi. Calyces unciam in diametro metientes, extus hirsuti, intus tomentosi, albi, striis 5 discoloribus.

"

Droseraceae

Droseraceæ.

If there were no other evidence of the springy nature of the soil at Swan River, the abundance of plants of this order would attest it. Only two species are mentioned by Dr. Endlicher, namely, D. stolonifera, a small species, with verticillate leaves, and panicles of white flowers; and D. macrantha, a very fine species, with stems sometimes more than two feet long, and panicles of large rose-coloured flowers; D. filicaulis of the same author, previously supposed to be confined to King George's Sound, has also been met with. To these are five species of Drosera and one of Byblis to add; all of which are plants of a very remarkable appearance. D. pallida87 has close panicles of large white flowers, with the general appearance of D. macrantha. D. gigantea88^^ has a loose panicled erect stem, sometimes as much as two feet high, with small white flowers; D. heterophylla89 has simple stems, each terminated by three or four very large flowers, and is remarkable for the lower leaves being flat and entirely destitute of the orbicular glandular fringed expansion of the upper leaves; D. erythrorhiza90 is a small plant with obovate whorled leaves, and bright scarlet bulbs the size of the largest kind of hazel nut; D. macrophylla91 is a plant with a similar

(87) Drosera pallida; glaberrima, caule flexuoso, foliis caulinis alternis longissimè petiolatis peltatis orbiculatis glanduloso-fimbriatis: axillaribus brevibus geminis, racemis terminalibus paniculatis, petalis sepala acuta integerrima duplò superantibus.—Flowers apparently white or pale pink. There is also a variety of this, if not a distinct species, with the sepals minutely pubescent, and slightly fringed.

(88) Drosera gigantea; caule erecto paniculato glaberrimo, foliis brevè petiolatis peltatis triangularibus longissime fimbriatis: axillaribus geminis ferè æquilongis, paniculâ laxâ multiflora, alabastris subrotundis, petalis sepala acuta glaberrima superantibus.—Flowers small, white.

(89) Drosera heterophylla; bulbis sphæricis nigris, caule erecto simplici flexuoso glaberrimo, foliis radicalibus linearibus acuminatis caulinis subtriangularibus peltatis brevè petiolatis fimbriatis axillaribus nullis, racemis terminalibus paucifloris, petalis sepala oblonga obtusa glanduloso-serrulata triplò superantibus.

(90) Drosera erythrorhiza; bulbis sphæricis coccineis, caule brevi simplici verticillum unicum foliorum gerente obovatorum versus marginem glanduloso-villosorum, cymâ terminali puberulâ, petalis sepala acuta glabra duplò superantibus.

(91) Drosera macrophylla; bulbis . . . . caule brevi simplici verticlllum unicum foliorum gerente obovatorum glanduloso-hirtorum, pedunculis elongatis paucifloris glabris in medio verticilli fasciculatis, petalis sepala acuta glabra duplo superantibus.—Like the last in habit, but three times as large.

appearance. and probably has also bulbs. The Byblis92 is a most beautiful plant, erect, covered with very singular glands, a foot and half high, with filiform leaves ten or eleven inches long, and purple flowers more than an inch and half in diameter. All of these are well worthy cultivation, but it will perhaps be difficult to preserve them.

These Droseraceous plants appear likely to be in some cases of commercial value as dyer's plants. Every part of D. gigantea stains paper of a brilliant deep purple; and when fragments are treated with ammonia they yield a clear yellow. The bulbs of D. erythrorhiza and stolonifera possess the same property; in these there is a deep scarlet powder secreted by the scales of the bulbs, which is instantly dissolved in ammonia, forming at first an orange-coloured fluid of great richness, but it soon changes to the rich purple above mentioned, which is more like the colour obtained from Archil than any thing else to which I can compare it. Possibly these bulbs are what Dr. Milligan speaks of under the name of "boom," which he says "are scarlet roots, not unlike in shape and size to tulip roots. They roast them in the ashes, and then pound them between two flat stones, rubbing the latter with a ball of earth to prevent the root adhering to it; when thus prepared they are mucilaginous and of a glossy black colour; they may be considered the bread of the natives who live near the coast." If so they may be easily enough obtained for the purpose of exportation, and may assist the poorer settlers in turning to account the produce of their land.