How the Left Can Win Arguments and Influence People

Front matter

Influence People

HOW THE LEFT CAN WIN ARGUMENTS AND INFLUENCE PEOPLE

CRITICAL AMERICA

Chapter 1 The Death of Socialism 7 SIDEBAR: Labels for Leftists 8

Chapter 2 The Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy (and Why the Left-Wing Needs One, Too) 22 SIDEBAR: Going Negative 30 SIDEBAR: How to Get a Letter Published 36

Chapter 3 The Failure of Centrism and the Fall of the Democratic Party 42 SIDEBAR: Why Progressives Need Third Parties 44 SIDEBAR: The Class Distortion in American Elections 49

Chapter 4 Polls: The Circle of Lies 53

SIDEBAR: The Frozen Pizza Polls 59

Chapter 5 The Politics of Money: Campaign Financing and One Dollar, One Vote 60 stpEBarR: Why Full Disclosure Isn't Enough 65

Contents

Chapter 6 The Myth of the Liberal Media: How the Press Attacks Progressives 75 SIDEBAR: Big Bird Votes Republican: The Myth of Leftist Public Broadcasting 76 SIDEBAR: The 1 Percent Advertising Tax 80 SIDEBAR: Corporate Television and False Controversies 84 SIDEBAR: Why We Need Public Broadcasting 93

Chapter 7 The Globalization Wars: How the Left Won (and Lost) the “Battle in Seattle” 110 SIDEBAR: Free Trade and Economic Liberty 114 SIDEBAR: Stopping Sweatshops on College Campuses 118

Chapter 8 Pragmatic Progressives 121 SIDEBAR: Right-Wing Nuts and Other Extremists 126

Chapter 9 Talking Tax Cuts: Lowering Taxes on the Poor 131 SIDEBAR: Favoring the Flat Tax 134 SIDEBAR: Raising the Minimum Wage 137

Chapter 10 Making Crime a Progressive Issue 143

Chapter 11 Winning the Culture Wars 161 SIDEBAR: Why Progressives Must Love Free Speech 163

Chapter 12 Equality for Every Child: Reforming Education 174 SIDEBAR: Universal Child Care 174 SIDEBAR: Attacking the SAT 177 SIDEBAR: Teaching Evolution 180 SIDEBAR: Supporting Prayer in Schools 182

Chapter 13 Fighting the Union Label: Labor on the Left 184

Contents

Chapter 14 The Race for Justice: Defending Affirmative Action 191 SIDEBAR: Reparations 192 SIDEBAR: Why Progressives Must Pay Attention to Race 200

Chapter 15 Universal Health Care 203

Chapter 16 Greener Politics: Progressives and the Environment 207 SIDEBAR: Animal Rights and the Hazards of Publicity 208

Chapter 17 Why We Need Welfare and How to Change It 213 SIDEBAR: Ending Class Warfare 216

Chapter 18 Ending Corporate Welfare As We Know It 220 SIDEBAR: The $500 Plan 221

Chapter 19 The Defense Industry: How to Protect America by Cutting the Military 232 SIDEBAR: Star Wars Follies 232 SIDEBAR: Progressives and the Good War: Why Military Intervention Is Wrong 235 stpEBar: Why We Need the United Nations 239

Chapter 20 Saving Social Security 241

Chapter 21 The Future of Progressives: Generation Left 249

About the Author 253

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many people assisted me in writing this book. Niko Pfund, the former editor in chief of New York University Press, along with Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, editors of the Critical America series, first approached me with the idea. The book, however, has changed substantially from the original concept.

I thank Stephen Magro, Richard Delgado, Leticia Cortez, and Tom Wilson for reading drafts and making comments. The staff at New York University Press, including Despina Papazoglou Gimbel and Andrew Katz, ably prepared the manuscript for publication. I also owe a debt to too many people and organizations to mention, for their passionate work writing and researching and protesting about the numerous topics discussed in this book.

I encourage readers to praise, vilify, or correct me by e-mail at johnkwilson@postmark.net. Although all mistakes are my own, I will nevertheless deny any errors and then blame them on my political enemies.

Introduction

THE PROGRESSIVE MAJORITY

How the Left Got Left Behind

This book can be summed up in three words: America is progressive. Unfortunately, many more words are needed to explain why so many people—including so many on the left—believe otherwise.

No, the American public is not likely to go en masse to pick up their Little Red Books of Mao’s wisdom, burn American flags, and chant “down with capitalist pigs” on every street corner. Americans are not going to replace the “Star-Spangled Banner” with the “Internationale,” bow down before pictures of Stalin, or make a pledge of allegiance to the Communist Manifesto.

This caricature of the “loony left” is one reason that progressives have a level of public respect somewhere between that of lawyers and child molesters. That is, the public vision of a progressive is a tree-hugging, granola-munching professional protester who continuously chants “hey, hey, ho, ho.”

The thesis of this book is that a majority of Americans now believe (or could easily be persuaded to believe) in many progressive ideas, even though the power of the progressive movement itself in mainstream politics has largely disintegrated.

In reality, progressives are nearly everywhere, with the possible exception of corporate boardrooms, the White House, and Bob Jones University. Progressives look like everyone else, although they appear to be a little more forlorn than most.

Unfortunately, the progressive views of the American majority do not translate into political power. Progressives cannot sit back and await the rising masses to thrust the left into power. Rather, progressives need to give their potential supporters a reason to be politically active and intellectually interested in the ideas of the left.

If you relied on just the mass media in America or on election results, you would have to conclude that this is a conservative nation. We hear about polls declaring that the American people demand lower taxes, smaller government, the elimination of welfare, the mass execution of criminals, and daily pledges of allegiance to the free market. We see Republicans in charge of Congress, successfully pursuing their goals of putting a prison on every corner and lowering taxes on the wealthy in order to allow economic prosperity to trickle down to everyone else.

America must be conservative. It seems logical, doesn’t it? If the Republicans hold political power and the “liberal” Democrats are following their lead, this must mean that the majority of Americans share the values of the right. If the “liberal” media agree with this assessment, then it’s surely an established fact: progressivism as a mass movement is dead in America.

Progressivism as an ideology is a powerful force in the American psyche. From environmentalism to feminism to racial equality, Americans believe deeply in progressive ideas. All these ideologies were minority movements just a generation ago; now, however, open opposition to them is considered political suicide in most of the country.

Why, then, does a progressive political movement seem so unthinkable? In a political system controlled by the principle of “one dollar, one vote,” these progressive views lose out to the more economically powerful ideas held by the conservative status quo. These progressive ideas end up being ignored by megamedia corporations controlled by the same wealthy forces.

This book is not an attempt to establish a philosophy of the left. Like any political movement, the left has many different philosophies driving its members. Leftists are concerned about civil rights, gay rights, women’s rights, poverty, homelessness, education, imprisonment, empowerment, and much more. Leftists believe in liberalism, Marxism, libertarianism, Christianity, and a wide range of other ideologies. Trying to find a common intellectual ground for everything is impossible, since not every leftist can possibly share the same belief in every issue and in what the top priorities should be. Even trying to define what a leftist is seems to be a difficult task, especially since most of the people who believe in leftist ideas may be unwilling to accept the label.

This book is, instead, a guide for political rhetoric and strategic action, a sometimes helpful, sometimes annoying attempt to help the left overcome its own flaws and seek out ways to reach and convince a larger audience about progressive ideas. This is a self-help book for leftists looking for ways to convince the world that what they believe is correct. This book is also a road map showing how the left can turn the public debate to issues they can win.

This book originates from a puzzling paradox: over the past several decades, American political attitudes have become dramatically more progressive. Movements for civil rights, women’s equality, and environmental protection, once promoted by a radical fringe, are now fully embraced by the mainstream. Institutions such as Social Security and Medicare, once denounced as socialism, are now the only parts of the government budget regarded as sacrosanct.

At the same time, the political influence of progressives in Washington and around the country has virtually disappeared. Both the Republican Party and the Democrat Party have shifted sharply to the right during the past quarter century even while progressive ideas were becoming more popular.

Never before has the gap between what Americans believe and what the government does been so enormous. Never before have the media been so distant from their audience. Never before have progressives faced this odd situation of winning most of the battles and yet losing the war.

I was born in 1969, perhaps a high point of the left’s political influence in America. It was a time when the Great Society and a booming economy coexisted peacefully. Progressives were changing public opinion about the war in Vietnam despite the loss of two leftist martyrs, Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. Progressives faced a harsh opposition, but at least there was a sense of growing political influence.

Within a few years, the national scandal of illegal abortions was eliminated (by both court order and growing public opposition), the Vietnam War was halted, the feminist revolution was sweeping the country demanding equality, and the civil rights movement was abolishing openly racist laws.

The change in the American political landscape during the past thirty years has been dramatic. Consider this fact: Richard Nixon was further to the left on most social and economic issues than Bill Clinton. If you don’t believe this, look at what happened to the generous welfare programs, high minimum wage, heavy regulation of the economy (such as price controls), lower defense spending (even during the Vietnam War), and small prison population of the early 1970s. This is not an apologia for Nixon, whose crimes were numerous and who undoubtedly would have been even worse than Clinton in our current political environment. But it does show how much politics have changed.

So why did this change occur? Conservatives like to imagine that the change reflects a transformation of what Americans believe. But this transformation was really one of political techniques: our politics has been corporatized. The informal, good ol’ boy network has been replaced by political operatives and hired consultants who use all the scientific techniques of polls, voter manipulation, fund-raising, and public relations to bring victory to their clients. Politicians are no longer people with ideas but products to be marketed to a television audience. With the corporatization of politics has come a vast increase in the costs of campaigning and the opportunity for a wealthy conservative elite to increase their control over American elections.

The trend toward progressive attitudes among Americans has only accelerated. Today, Americans advocate gender equality on a level unthinkable at the time I was born, an era when airline stewardess were fired when they turned thirty, got married, or gained fifteen pounds. Today, racial equality is an ideal widely accepted, even if the reality falls short. Today, equality for gays and lesbians is a politically viable possibility, a remarkable leap for an issue that was virtually invisible at the time of the Stonewall riot. Today, environmental awareness and the enormous number of people who recycle would have been unimaginable to the small group of activists who gathered to celebrate the first Earth Day.

Even though the American people have been moving to the left on a number of important issues, the two major political parties have shifted to the right. The left’s revival requires both the recognition of the disadvantages it faces and a willingness to fight against those barriers while making use of the advantages that progressives have over the right.

The biggest advantage that the left holds is that it doesn’t have to be afraid of speaking the truth to the public. Conservatives, despite their assertions of public support, must always be wary of dealing too openly with Americans. That is, every idea on the right must be carefully vetted to ensure the proper spin control. Even “radical” ideas such as Steve Forbes’s flat tax must conceal the extent of tax cuts for the rich under the disguise of a universal tax reduction.

This book argues that progressives need to reshape their arguments and their policy proposals to increase their influence over American politics. It also contends that the left need not sell its soul or jettison its diverse constituents in order to succeed. Rather than moderation, I urge a new kind of tactical radicalism. Rather than a monolithic left focused on class or labor or postmodernism or whatever the pet ideological project of the day is, I advocate a big-tent left capable of mobilizing all its people.

Progressives already have the hearts and minds of the American people. What the left lacks is a political movement to translate that popularity into political action. What the left needs is a rhetorical framework and political plan of action to turn the progressive potential in America into a political force.

Chapter 1

Dear Comrades:

Socialism is dead. Kaput. Stick a fork in Lenin’s corpse. Take the Fidel posters off the wall. Welcome to the twenty-first century. Wake up and smell the capitalism.

I have no particular hostility to socialism. But nothing can kill a good idea in America so quickly as sticking the “socialist” label on it. The reality in America is that socialism is about as successful as Marxist footwear (and have you ever seen a sickle and hammer on anybody’s shoes?). Allow your position to be defined as socialist even if it isn’t (remember Clinton’s capitalist health care plan?), and the idea is doomed.

Instead of fighting to repair the tattered remnants of socialism as a marketing slogan, the left needs to address the core issues of social justice. You can form the word socialist from the letters in social justice, but it sounds better if you don’t. At least 90 percent of America opposes socialism, and 90 percent of America thinks “social justice” might be a good idea. Why alienate so many people with a word?

Even the true believers hawking copies of the Revolutionary Socialist Worker must realize by now that the word socialist doesn’t have a lot of drawing power. In the movie Bulworth, Warren Beatty declares: “Let me hear that dirty word: socialism!” Socialism isn’t really a dirty word, however; if it were, socialism might have a little underground appeal as a forbidden topic. Instead, socialism is a forgotten word, part of an archaic vocabulary and a dead language that is no longer spoken in America. Even Michael Harrington, the founder of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), didn’t use the word socialism in his influential book on poverty, The Other America.

LABELS FOR LEFTISTS

Labels matter. When we choose to call ourselves liberal, leftist, neoliberal, Marxist, socialist, Communist, progressive, or Democrat—or have these labels thrust upon us—it affects how people perceive our ideas. Trying to argue with someone while you're wearing a “HELLO, I’ma Marxist” name tag is next to impossible. That doesn’t mean labels can be abandoned (it’s often not possible), but it does mean that progressives should be aware of their labels’ impact.

Leftists don’t have a lot of appealing labels, though. A word such as liberal is now used as an insult by both the left and the right. To conservatives, any idea conceived in the twentieth century is damned as “liberal,” which translates roughly as “spawn of Satan.” To leftists, though, “liberal” has become synonymous with the “ineffectual bootlickers in the Democratic Party who kowtow to their corporate masters.” Bill Clinton embodies this negative view of liberalism, whether it’s from the left and the right, although the two sides violently disagree about what he represents.

That’s why “progressive” is probably the best option for leftists looking for a political label. It had a fine tradition in The Progressive Reformists earlier in this century, an excellent leftist magazine of that name and surprisingly little ideological baggage. The right has been so consumed with demonizing the word liberal that progressive has slipped under their mudslinging radar. Unlike leftist or radical, progressive doesn’t have an extremist tone—after all, who can be opposed to progress? At the same time, it has enough political meaning to prevent most centrists or conservatives from taking it over.

But even if you have a label like progressive to describe yourself, the work of political persuasion has barely begun. Because progressive is not widely understood in practical terms, leftists need to communicate what progressive ideas look like. Labels and sound bites can’t win an argument, but avoiding the unnecessary confusion caused by demonized labels can give progressives an opportunity to make their arguments without being overloaded by negative associations.

The best reason for the left to abandon socialism is not PR but honesty. Most of the self-described “socialists” remaining in America don’t qualify as real socialists in any technical sense. If you look at the DSA (whose prominent members include Harvard professor Cornel West and former Time columnist Barbara Ehrenreich), most of the policies they urge—a living wage, universal health care, environmental protection, reduced spending on the Pentagon, and an end to corporate welfare—have nothing to do with socialism in the specific sense of government ownership of the means of production. Rather, the DSA program is really nothing more than what a liberal political party ought to push for, if we had one in America.

Europeans, to whom the hysteria over socialism must seem rather strange, would never consider abandoning socialism as a legitimate political ideology. But in America, socialism simply isn’t taken seriously by the mainstream. Therefore, if socialists want to be taken seriously, they need to pursue socialist goals using nonsocialist rhetoric.

Whenever someone tries to attack an idea as “socialist” (or, better yet, “communist” ), there’s an easy answer: Some people think everything done by a government, from Social Security to Medicare to public schools to public libraries, is socialism. The rest of us just think it’s a good idea. (Whenever possible, throw public libraries into an argument, whether it’s about good government programs or NEA funding. Nobody with any sense is opposed to public libraries. They are by far the most popular government institutions.) If an argument turns into a debate over socialism, simply define socialism as the total government ownership of all factories and natural resources—which, since we don’t have it and no one is really arguing for this to happen, makes socialism a rather pointless debate.

Of course, socialists will always argue among themselves about socialism and continue their internal debates. But when it comes to influencing public policy, abstract discussions about socialism are worse than useless, for they alienate the progressive potential of the American people. It’s only by pursuing specific progressive policies on nonsocialist terms that socialists have any hope in the long term of convincing the public that socialism isn’t (or shouldn’t be) a long-dead ideology.

The Fall of the Wall

Of all the events in the twentieth century, perhaps none did more to aid the progressive cause than the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

A statement like this may be unfathomable to conservatives who imagine that the death of the Soviet Union was the final nail in the coffin of leftist ideology.

The left did not collapse, however, with the fall of the Berlin Wall for the simple reason that the Soviet Union was never a leftist government. It was, in the words of Ronald Reagan, an “evil empire”—all the more evil from the perspective of progressives because it justified a totalitarian state with pseudoleftist ideology. In recent decades, it has been virtually impossible to find any American leftists beyond a few crackpots, who endorsed the Soviet Union or considered it a genuinely progressive state.

Far from portending the death of the left, the fall of the Soviet Union should be celebrated by progressives for finally permitting a left-wing politics that isn’t haunted by the specter of totalitarian communism. Freed from any lingering delusions about a “workers’ paradise” in Russia or Poland or Cuba, progressives can now turn their attention to fundamentally reforming domestic policies and addressing globalization.

Progressive Capitalism

The left never has had a kind word for capitalism, which is one reason that progressives are so often marginalized in America, the country where capitalism is the true national religion. From our public celebration of filthy rich business leaders as celebrities to the vast array of magazines and books devoted to revealing the secrets of making money, capitalism is taken for granted.

The left is always taking a dismal view of the American economy, pointing out (accurately) the flaws of our unequal system and its enormous gap between rich and poor. As a result, the “free market” capitalists take credit for the country’s tremendous economic success, even though progressive reforms have been largely responsible for the economic growth of the post-World War II era. Because the left refuses to embrace the term (and the right refuses to admit that it exists), the achievements of progressive capitalism have been overlooked.

Although the left regularly criticizes the “free market” capitalist system, the alternatives are rarely discussed. Unfortunately, the left has devoted little attention to what capitalism might look like through progressive eyes. As a result, most people assume that the combination of the “free market” and corporate welfare in America is the only possible form of capitalism.

The right is trying to make itself more appealing by using seemingly contradictory slogans such as George W. Bush’s “compassionate conservatism.” Similarly, the left needs to challenge the stereotypes of progressives and adopt “capitalism for everyone” as its slogan.

The idea of economic self-determination, a living wage, and equal schools is appealing. The “capitalism for everyone” slogan also has another meaning: instead of capitalism for the big corporation, the rules need to be changed to make sure that capitalism doesn’t come at the expense of our environment or the health and safety of our workers.

Progressive capitalism is not a contradiction in terms, for progressives support capitalism in many ways. Even nonprofit organizations and cooperatives are not antithetical to capitalism and the market; these groups simply use capitalism for aims different from the single-minded pursuit of profits. But the rules of supply and demand, the expenses and revenues, the idea of entrepreneurship and innovation, and the need to adapt to the market are essential. Any progressive magazine or institution that tries to defy the rules of capitalism won't be around for very long and certainly won't have the resources to mount a serious advocacy of progressive ideas.

One of the most effective tactics of the environmental movement was encouraging consumers to consider environmental values when making capitalist choices about what products to buy. Today, a manufacturer who ignores environmental issues puts its profits at risk because so many people are looking for environmentally friendly products and packaging. Crusades against Coca-Cola for its massive output of non-recycled plastic bottles in America or against companies supporting foreign dictatorships are part of the continuing battle to force companies to pay attention to consumer demands.

Of course, consumer protests and boycotts are only one part of making “capitalism for everyone.” Many progressive groups are now buying stock in companies precisely to raise these issues at stockholder meetings and pressure the companies to adopt environmentally and socially responsible policies.

Unfortunately, the legal system is structured against progressive ideas. In 2000, Ben and Jerry’s Ice Cream was forced to sell out to a big corporation that might ignore its commitment to many progressive causes. The company didn’t want to sell, but the law demanded that the company’s duty to stockholders was to consider only the money involved. Imagine what would happen if our capitalist laws were designed to promote progressive ideas instead of impeding them. Instead of allowing a shareholder lawsuit against any company acting in a morally, socially, and environmentally conscious way, American laws should encourage these goals.

The claim by some leftists that capitalism is inherently irresponsible or evil doesn’t make sense. Capitalism is simply a system of markets. What makes capitalism so destructive isn’t the basic foundation but the institutions that have been created in the worship of the “free market.”

Unfortunately, progressives spend most of their time attacking capitalism rather than taking credit for all the reforms that led to America’s economic growth. If Americans were convinced that social programs and investment in people (rather than corporate welfare and investment in weaponry) helped create the current economic growth, they would be far more willing to pursue additional progressive policies. Instead, the left allows conservatives to dismiss these social investments as “too costly” or “big government.”

It is crucial not to allow the right to define these progressive programs as “anticapitalist” and then attempt to destroy them. The Reagan/Gingrich/Clinton era’s attempt to “get the government off our back” was an effort (fortunately, largely a failure) to corrupt the highly successful progressive capitalism in America. While the Reagan/Gingrich/Clinton “reforms” subsidized the dramatic growth in the wealth of the richest Americans and had a devastating impact on the very poor, they didn’t change the basic institutions of progressive capitalism. It may take several generations to recover from the damage done to the poor, but even the far right has been unable (so far) to destroy progressive middle-class institutions such as Social Security or public schools.

Leftists also need to abandon their tendency to make apocalyptic predictions. It’s always tempting to predict that environmental destruction is imminent or the stock market is ready to crash in the coming second Great Depression. Arguments that the U.S. economy is in terrible shape fly in the face of reality. It’s hard to claim that a middle-class American family with two cars, a big-screen TV, and a computer is oppressed. While the poor in America fell behind during the Reagan/Gingrich/Clinton era and the middle class did not receive its share of the wealth produced during this time, the economy itself is in excellent shape. Instead, the problem is the redistribution of wealth to the very rich under the resurgence of “free market” capitalism.

Instead of warning that the economy will collapse without progressive policies, the left should emphasize that the progressive aspects of American capitalism have created the current success of the American economy after decades of heavy government investment in human capital. But the cutbacks in investment for education and the growing disparity between the haves and the have-nots are threatening the economy’s future success.

Capitalism for Everyone

Capitalism is far too ingrained in American life to eliminate. If you go into the most impoverished areas of America, you will find that the people who live there are not seeking government control over factories or even more social welfare programs; they’re hoping, usually in vain, for a fair chance to share in the capitalist wealth. The poor do not pray for socialism—they strive to be a part of the capitalist system. They want jobs, they want to start businesses, and they want to make money and be successful.

What’s wrong with America is not capitalism as a system but capitalism as a religion. We worship the accumulation of wealth and treat the horrible inequality between rich and poor as if it were an act of God. Worst of all, we allow the government to exacerbate the financial divide by favoring the wealthy: go anywhere in America, and compare a rich suburb with a poor town—the city services, schools, parks, and practically everything else will be better financed in the place populated by rich people.

The aim is not to overthrow capitalism but to overhaul it. Give it a social-justice tune-up, make it more efficient, get the economic engine to hit on all cylinders for everybody, and stop putting out so many environmentally hazardous substances.

To some people, this goal means selling out leftist ideals for the sake of capitalism. But the right thrives on having an ineffective opposition. The Revolutionary Communist Party helps stabilize the “free market” capitalist system by making it seem as if the only alternative to free-market capitalism is a return to Stalinism. Prospective activists for change are instead channeled into pointless discussions about the revolutionary potential of the proletariat. Instead of working to persuade people to accept progressive ideas, the far left talks to itself (which may be a blessing, given the way it communicates) and tries to sell copies of the Socialist Worker to an uninterested public.

A lot of progressives out there are doing a lot of good, of course: they’re defending the poor in court, providing social services, educating the children, helping the homeless, and protecting the environment. The one thing they're usually not doing, however, is reaching out to the mass public with effective communication about the ideas underlying these actions.

By simply condemning capitalism, progressives help spread the idea that “free market” capitalism is a natural phenomenon, but that is a myth told by economics professors. Like Santa Claus, the “free market” is imagined to be an all-powerful force of justice that allocates lots of money to the homes of good little boys and girls and leaves only lumps of low-grade coal in the stockings of bad children. If you have no money and no presents, the fault is your own and not Santa’s or the market’s.

Like Santa Claus, the myth of the “free market” promotes the idea that the current allocation of resources is an inevitable and ideal distribution that cannot be challenged. And like Santa Claus, the “free market” promotes the destructive notion that people who are given gifts (usually their family’s wealth) have somehow earned them, whereas the poor get what they deserve.

The “free market” resembles Santa in another way: much of what the wealthy receive is not created by them but is given to them. The children of the wealthy get all the advantages money can buy, plus well-funded top-notch public schools, special pref-