Accountability in Public Policy Partnerships

Front matter

palorave macmillan

Julia Steets

Also by Julia Steets

Contents

List of Figures and Tables Preface

List of Acronyms

1 Introduction

Index

153 154 155

160 161 162

167 169

170 170 173

176 225 262

List of Figures and Tables

Figures

1.1 Structure of the argument

2.1 Partnerships, networks and corporatism

2.2 Accountability

2.3 Layers of principals

2.4 The principal’s and agent’s interest in accountability

5.1 Accountability of advocacy and awareness-raising partnerships

5.2 Accountability of rule setting and regulation partnerships

5.3 Accountability of implementation partnerships

5.4 Accountability of information-generating partnerships

Tables

4.1 Partnership functions and accountability arrangements

5.1 Accountability standards for advocacy and awareness-raising partnerships

5.2 Accountability standards for rule setting and regulation partnerships

5.3 Accountability standards for implementation partnerships

5.4 Accountability standards for information-generating partnerships

6.1 Summary of accountability standards for partnerships ix

125 143 157

169 172

Preface

This book is about public policy partnerships and their accountability and its theme derives from my work for the Global Public Policy Institute (GPPi). At the institute, we have been following, analysing and debating the rise of public policy partnerships and their implications for global governance over many years. Time and again, we returned to questions of accountability. What effects do partnerships have on existing accountability relationships? How can partnerships themselves be held accountable? Answering these questions seemed central to any debate relating to partnerships, yet difficult since the necessary concepts were not sufficiently developed. Within the context of my doctoral dissertation, submitted to the University of Erfurt in late 2007 under the title ‘Defining Accountability Standards for Public Policy Partnerships’, I therefore set out to develop a concept and model of accountability that would help us understand, assess and guide the development of partnerships. Since partnerships include public, business and civil society actors and are active in very different areas, I quickly found myself building a generally applicable accountability model. I hope that the thoughts developed in this book will be helpful for those working with partnerships and of interest for those thinking about accountability.

Naming all individuals who supported me during the research and writing phases or provided critical inputs would be impossible. My special thanks go first and foremost to Prof. Dr. Dietmar Herz, my supervisor, as well as Prof. Dr. Frank Ettrich, who acted as secondary supervisor. I would also like to thank Martin Sprott, Bernd Siebenhiiner, Angelika Steets, Andreas Blatte, Thorsten Benner, Jan Martin Witte and Jenny Scharrer for their critical and supportive feedback and Kristina Thomsen for her support in revising and adapting the manuscript.

Julia Steets Ambach

List of Acronyms

4C Common Code for the Coffee Community

AICPA American Institute of Certified Public Accountants

BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

BPD Business Partners for Development, now also known as Building Partnerships for Development

CEO Chief Executive Officer

CFO Chief Financial Officer

CSD Commission on Sustainable Development

CSR Corporate Social Responsibility

DESA United Nations Division for Sustainable Development

DFID Department for International Development (UK)

DKV Deutscher Kaffeeverband/German Coffee Association

DOTS Directly Observed Therapy, Short-Course (a treatment strategy for TB) ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council

EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

ESCB European System of Central Banks

ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (World Bank)

EU European Union

FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board (US)

FDA Food and Drug Administration (US)

FOCJ Functional, Overlapping, Competing Jurisdictions

FRSs Financial Reporting Standards

FRSSE Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities

GAAP Generally Accepted Accounted Practices

GAIN Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition

GAO Government Accountability Office, formerly: General Accounting Office (US)

GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation

GRI Global Reporting Initiative

GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Technische Zusammenarbeit (Germany)

GVEP Global Village Energy Partnership

GWP Global Water Partnership

IAASB International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board

IASB International Accounting Standards Board xi xii List of Acronyms

ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

IFAC International Federation of Accountants

IFRS International Financial Reporting Standard IGO Intergovernmental Organisation

ILO International Labour Organization

IMF International Monetary Fund

INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation

INTOSAI International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions IP Internet Protocol IPSASB International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board

IRS Internal Revenue Service (US)

ISA International Standard on Auditing

ISEAL International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IUCN The World Conservation Union

MAD Multiple Accountabilities Disorder

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MSC Marine Stewardship Council

NAO National Audit Office (UK)

NCVO National Council for Voluntary Organisations (UK)

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NPO Non-Profit Organisation

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development

OMB Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget (US)

PCFV Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles

PM Performance Measurement

PMs Performance Measures

PPP Public Private Partnership

RBM Roll Back Malaria

REEEP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership

SSAPs Statements of Standard Accounting Practice

SIDA Styrelsen for Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete/Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises

SORP Statement of Recommended Practice

TB Tuberculosis

TNC Transnational Corporation

USAID United States Agency for International Development UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

VENRO

WCD WHO WSSD WTO WWE

List of Acronyms

Verband Entwicklungspolitik deutscher Nichtregierungsorganisationen

World Commission on Dams

World Health Organization

World Summit on Sustainable Development

World Trade Organization

World Wide Fund for Nature xiii