Facing the twentieth century; our country: its power and peril

Front matter

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V^ s si a\ x<

Author's Preface

The Republic, with the momentum secured in mating more than a century of glorious history, is about to move into the twentieth century and work out its manifest destiny in extending civil and religious liberty to the millions Avhich come under its benign rule.

. Without attempting an elaborate discussion of any one of the themes here considered, I have essayed to give a brief survey of the sources of our civilization, of the institutions which conserve and promote this civilization; of the peril which menaces these institutions, and of the legal, organic, and moral forces which may be depended upon to protect them.

I hope to contribute a mite in producing that disposition of mind and poise of judgment among citizens which are indispensable to a people confronted with difficult problems for solution, and who have great responsibilities to meet and priceless liberties to perpetuate.

I desire to reach that honest citizen on the farm, in the workshop, in the factory, and in the different departments of industry in city and village, who does his own thinking and voting, and who counts one in the class of citizens who give character to American citizenship and vigor to American patriotism.

I seek to inspire that kind of patriotic pride of country, which is based upon an intelligent conception of the cost and character of our institutions, and which is jealously alert against the insidious approaches of any foe that would either compromise or undermine our constitutional liberties.

We are living in a seriously interesting and instructive period of both national and international history. The men

4 Authors Preface.

wlio created the Republic faced their responsibilities effectively and magnificently. We shall have both the coiirat'-e and ability to face our broader responsibilities if we adhere to the principle that the safe method of procedure is for a nation to act from high-minded and unselfish motives.

New YonK, January, 1899.

NOTE.

In a won! I dpsirc to record my gratitude for all the assistance I have received in tlip preparation of Ihis volume. Tiiose who have aided me in any measure liave one and all nMiucsted llial no mention be made of their names. Their request is complied with, but their help is appreciated.

Conscious of llic imperfect presentation I have made of the information imparted lo me from many sources, I am thankful for the valuable and authentic facts, and IruKl that the readers will weigh these facts and bear with the inadequate method of thtir array. J. M. K.

PART I. The Sources of American Republican Christian Civilization

PAGE

The Hollander, . . . 13

The Pilgrim, 19

The Puritan, 28

The Huguenot, 38

The Quaker, 53

The Scotch, 56

The Cavalier, 57

The English Roman Catholic, ....... 59

Other Mention, 60

PART II. American Institutions

The State.

Liberty and Law, 62

The State and Its Power, 66

Nationality and Sovereignty, 66

Sources of the Powers of the State, 68

Historic Origin of the Republic, . ...... 69

Material Resources and Strength, 72

The Church.

The Relations of Civil and Religious Liberty, .... 78

Sphere and Function of Church and State, 79

Limitations of Civil and Religious Liberty, 80

Separation of Church and State, . 81

6 Contents.

PAGE

Dangers from the Union of Clnnch and State, .... 82

Historic Siatenifiit of \.\w Origin of Religious Liberty in America, 84

Anurica's Contribution to Religious Libert}', .... 90 Hfligious Resources, ........

The School.

Free Common-Scljool System, 96

Higlier Education Accessible to All, ...... 106

Kducation Out of School, . 110

The Free Press as an Educator, 112

PART in.

Anglo-Saxon and Latin Civilizations.

Spain in History the Representative Latin Type, .... 121 America's Early Escape from the Grasp of Latin Civilization, . 133

American Populations and Civilization Essentially Anglo-Saxon, . 140 The Spanish-American War of Civilizations, .... 146

Our New Possessions, .163

Part IV

The Menace to American Institutions from Politico- Ecclesiastical Romanism.

Claims.

Concerning Universal Dominion in both Spiritual and Temporal

Affairs, 187

Concerning the Essential Character of Civil Liberty, . . 208

Concerning Religious Liberty and the Relations of Church and

Sliite, 218

Concerning the Voter as a Responsible Sovereign, . . . 230

Relations.

T.< Party Pnlilici an.] to Politicians, 250

To LegihlaticjM, .......... 287

Contents. ^

PAGE

To Judicial Administration, 308

To Executive Administration, 311

To Education and the Schools, 319

To the Press and Literature, 358

To Charitable, Reformatory, and Penal Institutions, . . . 371

To Labor and other Organizations, 392

To the Boycott and the Boss, 403

To " Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion," 409

To the Government of the Commercial Metropolis of the New- World, 418

To the Spanish- American War, 461

Methods.

To Make Condescending Concessions to American Institutions, . 477 Concerted Action as Romanists; Promoting Isolation and Solidarity, and Obstructing Assimilation in Citizenship, . . 481

Decline.

Decline in Numbers and in Political Power throughout the World, 501

PART V. Powers to Protect American Institutions

Constitutional Intrenchment of American Principles and Institutions in the Organic Laws of the Nation and of the States, . 518

The National League for the Protection of American Institutions, 519

The Free Common Schools. The Free Principle Must Be Defended. Patriotic Platform for the Defense of the Schools, 544

The Recognition and Nurture of the New Patriotism, Manifested in the Multiplication of Patriotic Organizations. Organizations Based upon Revolutionary Ancestry or Patriotic Heredity, . 549

Organizations Based upon Consciousness of Present Perils from

Ecclesiasticism, . . . . . . . . .561

The Safe and Rational Restriction of Immigration, . . . 567 g Contents.

PAGE

Safeguarding the Ballot, 569

A Perfected Civil Service, 572

Tlie Spoils System and the Merit System, 573

The Princ'ij.les of Unsectarian Christianity the Basis of Our Civil-

izHtiuM, ;incl the Guarantee for Its Perpetuity, . . . 679

Appendix

Memorable Events in American History, 1492-1899, . . . 595

Some Ecclesiastical Definitions:

Elements of Ecclesiastical Law, 602

Gladstone on the Vatican Decrees, 612

Some Chronological Records of the Pope's Relations to the Spanish-American War, . . . . . . . . .614

Vatican and Papal Authorities Friendly to Spain and Hostile to

the United States during the Spanish-American War, . .619

The Pope's Letter on " Americanism "; the Submission of Archbishop Ireland and the Paulist Fathers, 621

Immigration Statistics from the Foundation of the Government, 625

Qualifications for Voting in each State of the Union, . . . 626

The Flair 628

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Alfonso, King of Spain, 169

Duke of Alva, 121

Americus Vespucius, . .136

augustin, 16*^

Birthplace of the National Flag, ...... 68

Blaine and Burchard, 409

Blanco, 160

H. F. Bowers, 564

Captain Boycott, 401

George Ernest Bowman, 550

J. B. Brondel, . • 293

John R. Brooke, . 160

Schley's Flagship "Brooklyn," 162

William Allen Butler, . 528

The Capitol, Washington, 1, 73

John F. Carroll, • .457

Caravels of Columbus, ........ 136

Cervera, . . 129

Charles V., 121

Charles IX., 121

United States Coat of Arms, ...... 1

Congressional Library, ........ 73

Michael A. Corrigan, 301, 457

Country School House, . • 104

Richard Croker, ......... 457

J. L. M. Curry, 544

Edward S. Deemer, 564

Chauncey M. Depew, ........ 550

Mrs. Mary Lowe Dickinson, 559

List of Illust/t'ations.

Dorm AN H. KAioy,

Fankiii. IIai.i.,

Kkdkkai. Hall,

Ferdinand,

I'nitei) States Fi.ac,

Hknjamin Fkanki.in,

Franklin Press,

James Cardinal Gibbons,

William W. Goodrich,

A Graded School Building,

Ulysses S. Grant,

Frederick Grant,

Samuel Ebekly Gross,

John Gutenberg,

Edward Hagaman Hall,

J. C. IIardenberhh,

Benjamin Harrison,

J. A Healv,

Hknkv IV.,

Patrick Henry, .

Hoe's Press, 1899,

Henry E. Howland, .

Independence Hall,

John Ireland,

Isabella,

John Jay (Huguenot),

John Jay (National League),

James M. King,

Richard Henry Lee,

Robert E. Lee,

FiTZHUGH Lee,

Linares,

Monument to Luther at Worms,

Monument to Faith,

Macias,

Baitleshii' "Maine," .

Wreck ok the " Maine,"

Mks I V. Manchester,

Mrs. Daniel Manning,

Sebastian Martinelli,

M MaJ{IY,

13 112 550

68 301 136

13 520 520

13 152 152 160

52{

List of Illustrations. 11

PAGE

President McKinley and the War Cabinet, . . . 147

William McKinley, ......... 1

Hugh McLaughlin, 457

Catherine de Medici, ........ 121

Wesley Merritt, ......... 160

Nelson A. Miles, 160

MoNTOJO, 129

Thomas J. Morgan, 261

Sampson's Flagship, "New York," 162

New Roman Catholic Lobby, ....... 301

Officers of the National League for the Protection of

American Institutions, ....... 520

Old Roman Catholic Lobby, ....... 293

Dewey's Flagship, "Olympia," ...... 162

Papal Apostolic Delegates fob the United States, . .193

Pando, 160

William H. Parsons, 520

Wheeler H. Peckham, ........ 528

Philip IL, 121

Pope Leo XIIL, 188

Pope Pius IV. 121

Population of Each State and Number of Persons to the

Possessions of the United States, 1899, .... 593

Presidents of the United States from 1789 to 1850, . . 64

Presidents of the United States from 1850 to 1899, . 64

Queen Regent of Spain, ....... 169

Patrick W. Riordan, ........ 293

Roman Catholic Population in Each State and Proportion OF Roman Catholic Members to All Other Denominations, ........... 499

Rulers of Greater New York, ...... 457

"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion," ..... 409

Patrick J. Ryan, 293, 301

Sagasta, Prime Minister of Spain, ..... 169 William T. Sampson, . . . . . . .129

E. W. Samuel, 564

Francis Satolli, ......... 193

Id

List of Illustrations.

Charles T. Saxton,

John Server,

William T, Sii after,

Charles D. Sigsbee,

Charles R. Skinner,

Spain's Possessions at the Hei

Spain's Possessions in 1899,

A State Normal,

J. A. Stephan,

William Strong,

Peter Stuyvesant,

Treasury Building,

RoHERT A. Van Wyck,

.FoHN II. Vincent,

^vain^vright,

George Washington,

Washin(;ton Monument,

NViM.iAM Wayne,

Alexander S. Webb,

Weyler,

Joseph Wheeler,

Henry B. Whipple,

White House,

Stewart L. Woodford, ht of Her Power

73 650 550 148 160 550

73 550

Pa/ruA- ILnry (Scotch). William Fenn (.Quaker).

John Jay ( //utruenot ). Richard Henry Lee ( Cavalier).

SOMK LKADEKS IN SIIAI'IXG AMERICAN CIVILIZATION.

FACING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.