How to raise the baby

Front matter

Class ~R Book . >li3a GopjTight K'.‘_

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT.

I

Contents

CHAPTER

I. First Care of the New-Born Infant

The cause of the first cry. When there is no cry. Baby’s first bath. Care of the baby’s eyes. Care of the navel. Baby’s first meal. Baby’s first sleep.

Part II. After The First Year Chapter Page

XVI. Common Sense in Selecting Foods . 183

Children require food oftener than adults. Malnu¬ trition and its causes. Average rate of weight-increase in children. Variety in diet. Basically important foods. Plenty of fruit. A quart of milk a day. Bread and cereals. Meat, fish and eggs.

Fatty foods. Vegetables and fruits. Simple sweets. Diet from weaning up to two years. Diet from two to six years. Diet for six years and over.

XVII. Physical Care from the Second to the

Eighth Year ..... 201

Wonderful value of the air bath. Water baths insure clean, active skin. Friction baths. Cloth¬ ing. Shoes. Develop the child’s chest and lungs.

Teeth in relation to health. What irregular teeth mean. How mouth breathing begins. The chief cause of pyorrhea. How to use dental floss. Care of the ear. The effect of posture upon health. Keeping bowels and bladder healthy.

XVIII. Physical Culture Exercises after the

First Year ..... 219

XIX. The Psychology of the Child—What

Mothers Should Know About It . 234

The influence of environment. The love of beauty a human instinct. Schooling not so important as health. Teaching sex facts to children.

Part III. Disorders And Diseases Of Infancy And Childhood

Thumb-sucking habit. Beware of the pacifier. Stammering, stuttering, lisping and other speech . defects. Dirt eating—its causes and how to cure it. Nose picking. Snoring.

XXI. First Aid in Emergencies . . . 253

The emergency cabinet. Bumps and bruises. Burns and scalds. Cuts and hemorrhage. Chafing. Cracks. Chapping and roughening of skin. For nosebleed. Dust in the eye. Splinters. Holding the breath and choking. Foreign bodies in the ear or nose. Fever. When the child swallows a pin.

[xi]

Contents

CHAPTER

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV.

PAGE

Should a sick child be confined to bed? The pulse-rate. Temperature as a guide to health. The aspects of disease. The color of the skin. What gestures tell us. What the face tells us. Com¬ mon diseases—their cause and correction: Adeni¬ tis, Adenoids, Anemia, Bed-wetting, Boils, Bronchi¬ tis, Chilblains, Chills, Colds, Colic, Convulsions, Croup, Dandruff, Diarrhea and Its Meaning, Diphtheria, Ear Diseases, Table of Eruptive Fevers, Erysipelas, German Measles (Rubella), Growing Pains, Gum-Boil, Headache. Heart Weak¬ ness, Hernia (Rupture), Hiccoughs, Hip-Joint Disease, Hives (Urticaria-Nettle Rash), Intestinal Obstruction, Jaundice, Leucorrhea, Marasmus, Measles, Mumps, Parasites, Pimples (Acne), Pink- Eye (Acute Contagious Conjunctivitis), Pneu¬ monia, Prickly Heat, Rheumatism, Rickets (Rachi¬ tis), Ringworm, Scarlet Fever, Scurvy (Acute Rickets; Barlow’s Disease), Smallpox (Variola),

Sore Throat, Spinal Tuberculosis, Spinal Curva¬ ture, Stye, Sunburn, Teething Symptoms, Thrush, Tonsillitis, Chronic Enlargement of the Tonsils, Whooping-Cough, Worms.

Deformities of the Feet: Clubfoot, Knock-Knee. Bow-Legs, Cross-Eyes (Squint), Hare-Lip and Cleft-Palate, Protruding Ears, Birthmarks and Warts, Stooped or Round Shoulders.

Nervous Weakness and Nervous Disease 339

Chorea (St. Vitus’ Dance), Epilepsy, Insomnia, Night-Terrors.

The Mistakes of Mothers Corrected . 345

[xii]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

SUBJECT PAGE

The Author’s Family. Frontispiece

Mother and Babe. 7

The Bassinet. 19

Crib, A Modern Type of. 20

Correct Placing of Crib in Room. 22

Sleeping Positions .24, 25

Kiddie Koop . 27

Bath Thermometer . 32

Bathinet, A Modern. 33

Correct Positions for Holding Baby During Bathing 34, 35 Baby’s Nursery, Proper Arrangement of Furnishings in 41

Ventilation, Method of, to Avoid Drafts. 43

Drying Air, Method of Counteracting. 44

Baby’s Shirt . 47

Waterproof Diaper. 48

Baby’s Dress . 49

Baby’s Coat . 50

Baby’s Bonnet . 52

Dressing Baby, Wrong Way of.54, 56

Dressing Baby, Right Way of.55, 57

Conical Cleanser for Ear, Nose or Eye. 65

Comfort Chair. 72

Rectal Suppository. 74

Rectal Syringe . 75

Square Diaper .80, 81

Fontanelles, Anterior and Posterior. 83

Holding Baby, Incorrect Way of. 86

Holding Baby, Correct Way of. 87

|>iii]

List of Illustrations

SUBJECT PAGE

Baby’s Carriage or Perambulator. 89

Go-Cart . 90

Baby Bunting, A Cold Weather Garment. 93

Breast Pump. 103

Nipple Shield . 106

Preparing Orange Juice for Baby. Ill

Straining Cereal for Feeding. 113

Bottle Feeding, Preparation of.118, 119

Testing Temperature of Baby’s Milk. 121

Feeding Bottles and Nipples, Types of. 123

Nipple Improperly Adjusted . 126

Nipple Properly Adjusted.. . . .. 127

Position for Baby During Feeding.128, 129

Diagram of Bottle Feeding, One Month to Ten Months 130

Position After Feeding to Prevent Colic. 131

Chapin Dipper . 132

Home Pasteurization.134, 135

Flow of Milk, Incorrect and Correct.136, 137

Cleaning Feeding Bottles and Nipples.140, 142, 143

Weighing Scale, Type of. 148

Baby Pen . 150

Temporary or Milk Teeth, Diagram of. 151

Permanent Teeth, Diagram of. 153

172, 173, 174, 175, 176

Air Bath for Children. 203

Correct Shoe Outline. 206

Physical Development of Children. « .208, 210

Play Exercises for Children, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227,

228, 230

Temperature of Baby Taken by Rectum. 268

List of Illustrations

SUBJECT PAGE

Clinical Thermometer . 269

Temperature of Baby Taken at Armpit. 270

Restoring Warmth in Illness. 284*

Spinal Pack . 285

Hot Water Bottle With Spinal or Abdominal Pack. . . 287

Inducing Vomiting . 288

Abdominal Pack . 312

Preparing a Hot Pack. 314

Mother and Babe. 347

[xv]

- f

CHAPTER I First Care of the New-Born Infant

But yesterday and thee the earth Inscribed not on her mighty scroll.

Today she opens the gates of birth,

And gives the spheres another soul.

— Taylor.

T HE care of an infant should be begun with, or even prior to, its conception by the mother. The mother’s blood nourishes the tissues that are being formed; therefore, upon her health depends largely the development of the child, and the manner in which both mother and child pass through the ordeal of birth; but this part of the subject has already been dealt with in my book on Motherhood. This book has to do with the care of the child after its career in the outside world has begun.

This career may be said to have been fairly started when the child’s first involuntary cry is heard. This is not a cry of pain altogether, as it is generally miscon¬ ceived to be, but rather an indication of vigor, and therefore may be taken as a signal of safety.

THE CAUSE OF THE FIRST CRY

The wee stranger, during the months of his journey hitherward, has been breathing through the placenta, the medium supplied for this purpose by Mother Na¬ ture within the wonderful workshop in which his tiny form has been molded. But now he finds himself in a world where he must breathe for himself, and his first cry is a note of triumph announcing to all within hear¬ ing that, taught by the instinct for self-preservation, he has succeeded in bringing into use his own independent air-supplying apparatus.

Then, too, there is the effect of the air—usually cold in comparison with the warmth of his nine-months’ dom¬ icile—coming into contact with the delicate nerves of the skin. Could any human being, old or young, be expected to endure such an experience in silence?

And also it is believed that some direct irritation of the spinal cord, resulting from the fact that the baby’s blood for the first time is receiving its oxygen through the lungs, instead of through the placenta of the mother, may have an influence in producing the cry.

WHEN THERE IS NO CRY

But sometimes this shrill piping cry is not heard. The little stranger is born apparently lifeless.

This is especially likely to be the case if the second stage of labor has been unduly prolonged, so that the baby’s head has been subjected to pressure for many hours.

Or it may occur in those cases in which the circulation of blood through the umbilical cord has in some way been cut off, causing a lack of oxygen in the blood of the child. The circulation may have been stopped, for in¬ stance, by a contraction of the uterus such as takes place when ergot (a preparation for hastening or increasing uterine contractions) is given injudiciously to the mother during labor.

First Care or the New-Born Infant

For any of these reasons the baby may be born as¬ phyxiated, its face often livid and terribly swollen. It may perhaps make one or two feeble attempts to breathe, but is not equal to the greater effort of crying.

Sometimes, instead of being livid, the face is pale, while the limbs are flaccid and the heart-beat almost in¬ audible. This is a very serious condition—much more so than if the face were suffused with blood.

No time should be lost in attempting to excite respi¬ ration in a baby born apparently lifeless, for, in a very large percentage of cases, prompt action will meet with success.

In case baby is born before physician or midwife has arrived the attendant should follow these procedures:

First, the cord should be cut, as soon as it has ceased to pulsate, with a pair of sterile scissors. If the child s face is dark and filled with blood, the cord should then be allowed to bleed a few drops before it is tied, to re¬ lieve the choked-up circulation; in the opposite condi¬ tion of paleness, especially if the infant appears to be weak and frail, no loss of blood should be permitted.

Then the child is smartly slapped on the chest and back, or the body rubbed rapidly with a little brandy, alcohol, or cool water, poured in the palm of the hand. This will excite sufficient irritation of the skin to cause the gasp for breath that will at once establish the func¬ tion of breathing.

If this is not instantly successful, the attendant should immediately prepare two basins, one filled with water as hot as can be borne without burning, the other with very cold water. The baby should then be taken by the shoulders and dipped for a second into the hot water, and then at once into the cold. This should be repeated two or three times, unless the wished-for cry is heard after the first plunge, which is very likely to happen. This method is very effective and has saved the lives of countless babies.

Sometimes swinging the child by the feet has a good effect. And occasionally it may even be necessary to re¬ sort to artificial respiration. This is done by placing the child on its back, with its legs held stretched out. The elbows are then grasped, raised above the head, and slowly lowered and pressed against the sides of the chest, with only sufficient force to squeeze it in—producing the effect of inspiration and expiration.

If immediate results are not procured, this pro¬ cedure should be persisted in for as long as thirty min¬ utes—when the attendant might be rewarded with the welcome cry. Then, as the next step, the infant is bathed.

baby’s first bath

If the baby cries lustily from the first, the nurse or attendant may bathe it just as soon as she can be spared from attendance on the mother.

The baby should first be carefully anointed with pure olive oil, to facilitate the removal of the vernix caseosa —the unctuous material with which the body is covered. This is followed by a warm bath, the water being from ninety-five to one hundred degrees Fahren¬ heit. The best castile soap should be used, the baby being carefully soaped and sponged from head to foot. Then he should be dried with a soft old towel, using ex¬ treme gentleness always.

First Care of the New-Born Infant

Just here I might urge the value of saving all the old linens—the older the better—before baby’s advent; for the infinitely delicate skin of the new-born infant noth¬ ing can be quite so comforting.

This first bath should not take any longer than neces¬ sary, for the small stranger is easily fatigued, and at this early period there is never any vitality to waste.

A soft old blanket makes the very best of bathing aprons, as it provides a comfortable padding for the repose of the little body and also aids in the conserva¬ tion of its natural heat.

BE CAREFUL OF DRAFTS

A warm room for this first bath is, of course, a neces¬ sity, and the baby should be well protected from undue currents of air during its progress. Later in its life the child will be strengthened by an abundance of fresh air, but at this tender age considerable care must be taken to avoid chilling it.

Many nurses prefer to lay the baby on his back on the lap, and wash him piecemeal, that is, one member at a time, never exposing any more surface than is ab¬ solutely necessary. Still others prefer a liberal bowl of warm water, where the youngster can be thoroughly cleansed. The choice of methods must depend some¬ what on the ruggedness of the child. Always bear in mind, however, the warm quarters from which baby has so recently come.

Soft old linen is preferable to a sponge for bathing, unless scrupulous care is taken of the sponge, which should be boiled and hung out in the air immediately

m after use. Renew sponges often, as old ones are a most prolific source of disease contamination.

After the baby is carefully dried, he should again be anointed with cold cream or olive oil, to soften up any small sections of the vernix caseosa which may still ad¬ here to the skin or scalp.

Be very careful not to use any undue force in remov¬ ing this material, as you may injure the delicate skin in such a way as to produce an obstinate sore. If the scales of vernix caseosa are not removed with the second or third bath, they will soon dry up and drop off of their own accord.

Many eminent baby specialists advise the postpone¬ ment of the first bath for twenty-four hours, or even longer, until the child is somewhat stronger and more accustomed to his new environment.

They merely smear olive oil liberally over the body, wipe this gently off—or else leave a considerable amount as a protection to the skin, and to assist in dissolving and removing the vernix caseosa.

Others wrap the child in cheesecloth dripping with hot milk, and then wrap the precious bundle in a warm blanket.

It must be said in favor of this last method, that warm milk is very bland and soothing to the skin, and also has a pronounced solvent effect on the smegma (the vernix caseosa). Its use in the manner described might often prevent a chronic eczema, or other skin eruption, having its origin in the irritation arising from the use of soap. There is, of course, more danger of an injurious irritation if the soap used contains an ex¬ cess of potash or other alkaline substance.

Mother and Babe.

CARE OF THE BABY’S EYES

The eyes and mouth of the new-born baby call for the most exquisite care, the former especially, as they are so marvelously delicate.

It is almost a routine practice nowadays, with doc¬ tors and midwives, to instil a drop or two of a one or two per cent solution of nitrate of silver into each eye, at the earliest moment after birth, to insure the de¬ struction of any germs which may have been lying latent in the birth canal and from there been transferred to the eyes, possibly to cause blindness later on.

It is always better to err on the safe side and take every possible precaution against infection. If any pus appears, the eyes should be carefully wiped every hour with a solution of ten grains of boric acid to an ounce of water.

Should the lids have a tendency to stick together a little vaseline may be rubbed into them each night. This will usually clear up the condition.

Also, for the cleansing of the eyes, a solution of boric acid and small pieces of old linen should always be kept on hand. The linen should be boiled, baked in an oven, or steamed, before using. The usual antiseptic solu¬ tion is boric acid, in the form of powder, in the pro¬ portion of one teaspoonful to a pint of boiling water. It should be kept well corked, so that it will be free from dust and other possible contamination.

Pour out only what is needed each time, after care¬ fully cleansing the mouth of the bottle. The old linen squares should be used lavishly, never letting the same piece serve for the washing of both eyes, but using a separate one for each, and another for the mouth.

First Care of the New-Born Infant

CARE OF THE NAVEL

After the baby has been bathed and due attention given to eyes and mouth, the navel may be dressed with a tiny compress of old linen liberally oiled to prevent its adhering. Or a small square of linen with boric acid or stearate of zinc may be used. Many specialists prefer this to the oil and consider the stearate of zinc superior to boric acid, because its antiseptic properties are greater.

The cord is usually wrapped rather tightly in this dressing by cutting a small hole in the cloth, passing the cord through the hole and laying it on top of at least one layer of cloth—so as not to have it in contact with the body. The dressing is renewed each day until the stump has withered and finally separated from the body. This usually occurs in about a week. A small pad of soft linen may be then placed on the umbilicus.

The navel dressing is held in place by a flannel band around the abdomen, which is also supposed to serve the purpose of supporting the walls of this part, and there¬ by preventing an umbilical hernia, or any weakness of the abdominal wall which might, in later life, develop into a hernia.

I think, however, that the time may come when we will treat the cord as Nature treats the cord of a calf or colt. She just scabs over the stump, and lets it alone. It heals normally, and that is all there is to it.

As for the belly-band, I see no use for it except to hold the navel dressing in place, and, while it should be snug enough for this purpose, it should never be tight, as a tight band interferes with the circulation, the activ¬ ity of the skin and the breathing, while, by pressing on the stomach, it sometimes causes the child to vomit. The truth is that there is no danger of rupture at the navel unless the baby is overfed to such an extent that his little stomach is abnormally distended, and then the danger will be much greater if the muscles of the abdo¬ men have been prevented from developing by restriction of their activity.

baby’s first meal

After baby has safely arrived, and the nurse or at¬ tendant has bathed and fixed him up, and the mother has rested a little, it is advisable to bring him in and put him to the breast.

This is good for both mother and baby. It helps the mother by exciting uterine contraction, thereby pre¬ venting danger from hemorrhage, and it helps the baby because that peculiar liquid, known as colostrum , with which the breasts are filled before the milk appears, acts as a cathartic.

Colostrum is a thick, yellow secretion, not in the least like the bluish milk subsequently secreted. If you were to examine it under a miscroscope, you would find it contained some milk globules and a lot of fat corpuscles. The latter have a natural laxative action, producing, with less irritation than there would be from any cathartic which could possibly be substituted for it, a discharge of the meconium with which the infant’s bowels are loaded.

don’t put the baby to the breast too often

For the first few days, while the secretion of milk is being thoroughly established, the baby should be put to [ 10 ]

First Care of the New-Born Infant the breast only at long intervals. For repeated at¬ tempts at suckling an empty breast are depressing to the spirits of both mother and child. Also by unduly irritating the breasts, they may do harm to those organs.

For the first day or two, therefore, it is enough if the child is brought to the breast five or six times within twenty-four hours.

There is no need for anxiety lest the child should not be getting enough nourishment. For Nature, again, has provided for this, in t! stored-up nutriment in its tissues.

If a few teaspoonfuls >f boiled or distilled water are given from time to time—from a spoon or from a baby’s bottle—it will be quite safe to wait until the milk is se¬ creted for more frequent feedings.

The milk “comes in” ibout the second or third day, and if the supply is sufficient for the baby’s needs all is well. If not, it will be necessary either to get a wet nurse, or to supply the deficiency with a milk modifi¬ cation.

We shall take up this question in detail in a later chapter.

baby*s first sleep

After the child is properly taken care of, slipped into a tiny shirt, then into a comfortable dressing gown, and given its first short nursing, place him in his crib or bassinet in a thoroughly ventilated room, when he will be off to dreamland in a twinkling.

Let those around baby’s quarters bear in mind the quietude from which he has so recently come and shield [ 11 ]

him from loud or jarring noises, remembering that his greatest needs just now are rest, quiet and compara¬ tive darkness, together with plenty of fresh air.

So shall he begin aright to take his place on life’s vast stage.

CHAPTER II Baby’s First Need

In the depths of the onyx sea.

And brought a babe with golden hair,

And sparkling eyes like diamonds rare.

And lips like rose, and skin so fair.

And little hands with dimples deep To rub his eyes when he wanted sleep.

And short* plump legs with which to creep.”

T HE old superstition that divine revelation will en¬ able a mother to care for her baby with unerring wisdom has long since been passed into the discard. It is now well known that to trust to a mother’s love and in¬ stinct, unless they are supplemented by knowledge, is to lean on a broken reed.

Even before the arrival of the child the mother-to-be should bring all her God-given powers to bear on the task of learning how she may assist Nature in perfect¬ ing the unborn, instead of going on blindly in the belief that Providence will help those who refuse to help them¬ selves.

Oliver Wendell Holmes tells us that the education and training of a child should properly commence with its grandparents, if a child is to have the inheritance it has a right to demand of its progenitors.

Be this as it may, of one thing we are certain, and that is that since this little bundle of responsibility has arrived, we must shoulder the burden with a fervor that will enable us to meet each phase of the situation as it presents itself with courage and joy.

THE baby’s PHYSICAL NEEDS OUR FIRST CONCERN

At first the baby’s physical needs and development demand all our care and attention, for the intellectual faculties are as yet inactive. Our aim in the beginning must be to assist Nature in building aright the body which is the temple of the budding soul.

The first essentials of life being air and warmth, let us give these due consideration. As was mentioned in the foregoing chapter, the babe, up to the moment of birth, has been breathing through the medium of its mother.

As soon as this connection is broken it must begin to breathe for itself. Its first demand upon the new world into which it has entered, therefore, is for oxygen. It can wait a while for its bath and still longer for food, but it must have air at once. The baby’s first require¬ ment, then, is a well-ventilated, warm apartment.

ALL THE PURE AIR HE CAN BREATHE

If our babies are permitted to breathe a pure atmos¬ phere from birth, by day as well as by night, and are given sun baths, they will grow and expand with all the strength and beauty of the things of the outdoor world, even though much of their time is spent indoors.

But even when we have gained a point in the direction of free ventilation, we too often have another popular barrier to break down. This is the erroneous impression that the lungs, through the medium of the mouth and nostrils, form the sole respiratory channel.

LET HIM BREATHE THROUGH THE SKIN, TOO

This, however, is far from correct. For the skin has an important part to play in the respiratory economy [ 14 ]

Baby’s First Need and it is seriously hampered in the performance of this function by either an overabundant supply of clothing, or a lack of proper cleanliness. More babies have their health permanently impaired by being overclad than by being underclad. We shall deal with this question in detail in a later chapter.

The needs of the infant are comparatively simple, when they are properly understood. All that is re¬ quired is that you use good, common sense, eliminate non-essentials, and concentrate on the essentials.

This leads to the brief but all-sufficient rule: Give baby his natural food and fresh air without stint and keep his body warm. Compared with these, all his other needs are as nothing. By meeting these requirements you will lay the foundation for a healthy babyhood and a robust manhood or womanhood.

CHAPTER III Last night, my darling, as you slept

I thought I heard you sigh,

And to your little crib I crept,

And watched a space thereby;

And then I stooped and kissed your brow,

For oh! I love you so—

You are too young to know it now,

But sometime you shall know.

—Eugene Field.

A S baby is to spend the greater part of the time for l the first three months of his life in slumber—for every healthy, happy youngster does so—it is impor¬ tant that he should be provided with a comfortable bed and that this should be placed in a favorable position.

I make special mention of a place for the bed because so few realize that it makes any difference where baby is laid when he falls asleep. Many a mother has the unfortunate habit of dropping her sleeping child on the foot of her own bed, on the sofa, or indeed on any com¬ fortable-looking spot that presents itself at the moment, instead of running the risk of disturbing him, as she fancies, by carrying him to his own cot, even if it be ever so short a distance away.

The bed should be placed near an open window. If you are among those fortunate ones who are not obliged to live cooped up in the city, it can even be placed out¬ doors, if protected from direct light, direct drafts, flies and insects.

Always place the bed, crib, or bassinet, with the head toward the light. If the little stranger happens to wake and lies quietly looking about him, as a healthy baby will frequently do, his eyes will therefore not be over¬ taxed by the light shining directly into them. Many a case of defective eyesight has had its origin in the dear, fussy, grandparents pulling open the eyelid in a bright light to see if baby has brown eyes like his mother!

For a long time the child’s eyes must be protected from bright light. In fact, it is a wise custom to keep the youngster in a shaded room during the first week after its arrival. Sun baths are not to be tabooed, but the youngster should lie on its stomach, with its eyes away from the sun. Or the eyes may be bandaged with a green cloth.

NEAR A WINDOW IN A CITY APARTMENT

If you live in the city, by all means place the baby’s crib where he can get plenty of outdoor air.

For there is nothing in all this world—not even food itself—that is more important to health. Remember that a healthy grown person can live without food for from one to three months, but he cannot live without air for three minutes.

In the winter, or in rainy weather, of course, the crib must be removed somewhat from the open window, but never put it in a remote corner where little light or air can reach it.

The baby’s sleeping apartment need not, of course, be entirely shrouded in darkness. From earliest infancy let him have a certain amount of light and an abundance of air. He should sleep sometimes in the dark so that he will learn not to fear it, but he should also be trained to sleep in a moderate light, so that his slumber need [ 17 ]

not be interfered with by every variation in these con¬ ditions.

Though the dainty bassinet, with its filmy lace and ribbons, will appeal to most mothers, it is really not the most desirable resting place for baby, and can be of service but for a short time. For his little legs grow amazingly fast. Therefore, wisdom suggests that some¬ thing of a more utilitarian character be procured for him at the beginning.

Perhaps the best of all beds is a little iron or brass crib which will do service for years.

Over the bottom of the crib spread a sheet large enough to come well up over the sides. This is to be folded over the top of the mattress so that the latter may be kept free from the dust that is constantly rising from the floor and seeking lodgment in its tabs and binding. Dust on this sheet can be quickly and readily brushed off.