History of Northwestern university and Evanston

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Preface

An analysis of the motives which have induced Evanstonians to join in the furnishing of material for this record of local history would afford evidence, not only of a feeling of obligation to the past and present, but also to future generations; and this, it is but just to say, has been the impelling force in the conception and preparation of this volume.

Book-making is an expensive undertaking, and the limited sale v^hich a work treating of a small community would obtain, would inevitably involve heavy financial responsibilities. The publishers of that excellent work, "The Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois," have deemed it practicable to produce a special Evanston edition of that work embracing, as a feature of added interest and value, a supplemental volume largely devoted to Evanston history, prepared and edited by Evanstonians. The business management of the enterprise rests with the publishers who have had a long and successful experience in the publication of works of this character, and to whom great credit is due for successfully financing the cost of production and carrying to a faithful completion this important work.

This history has been written in the belief that it is needed ; that man's immortal instincts revolt at the thought of the good of the past being buried in oblivion — that the fruitage of lives which have accomplished results, epitomized in the word "history," should be forgotten — that lessons of faithful doing, accompanied by self-sacrifice, zealous faith and daring courage little short of the heroic, should fail of their highest accomplishment by inspiration and example, because no one has recorded them — that present and future generations should be deprived of these teachings, examples and educational forces, simply for the want of a proper and available published record of many facts now having an existence only in the memory of individuals who cannot long remain, and whose passing away will place the foundation facts of our history beyond the reach of those who come after them.

Hence this history, with the imperfections and shortcomings always incident to human authorship, yet the results of the best thought and intelligent efforts of many accomplished writers and contributors who have produced, in concise but comprehensive form, a carefully prepared and faithful record of facts and events relating to the various topics assigned to them. Without attempting to enumerate all of them by name, I here wish to express my personal obligation to Robert D. Sheppard, D. D., as my Editorial Associate, and to each author for the faithful and intelligent service rendered in the preparation of this work, as well as the lasting debt of gratitude due to them from the home-loving and Evanston-loving people of to-day and the future.

The conception that our city's history, together with the memoirs of its founders and builders, was deserving of record, received its first practical suggestion in the organization, about seven years ago, of the Evanston Historical Society, which is doing such noble work in its chosen field of research and collection of historical material. To the influence and labors of this association is due, not only the conception of the need of an authoritative published History of Evanston, but, in a large degree through the labors and co-operation of its members, the success which has attended the preparation of such a work. Believing that it will have a permanent value, not only to citizens of Evanston and Cook County, but to many others interested in State history, I herewith bring my labors in connection with the volume to a close, with thanks to my associates and co-laborers and hope that it will meet the expectation of its patrons and have for them an interest corresponding with the labor required in its preparation.

Foreword

The preface to this work, written by the late Hon. Harvey B. Hard, after the various manuscripts furnished by the many contributors were well in hand, quite fully sets forth the inception of this inidertaking and the potent influences leading thereto. It is self-evident that the preparation of so extended a history of Evanston was a more formidable task than originally contemplated, and unavoidable delays were experienced incident to receiving the completed manuscripts from some of our friends contributing the same, and still further delays were occasioned by the sending to each author a copy of the printer's proof of his or her portion of the work. To do this was thought important in order, first, that each writer might thus have a last opportunity to correct and make more complete his or her department ; and, second, that each chapter might, by this means, receive any necessary additions extending its scope to a more recent period.

Credit is due to the publishers for the pecuniary outlay which they necessarily have borne, and for the great care evidently taken by them in the preparation of the whole work and in placing it in completed form before its readers.

I have every reason to believe that the various chapters, furnished by about forty special contributors to the city's history, have been prepared with great care; that the completed work will constitute a valued addition to the library of all Evanstonians, and will be accorded a prominent place in the historical collections of Illinois.

I N DEX

Chapter I. Introductory

The Evanston of 1905 — Seat of Learning and Gem Suburb of a Great Metropolis—Results Accomplished by Fifty Years of Development — Contrast Between Past and Present — First Township Organization Under Name of Ridgeville — Evanston Township Organized in 1857 — The Village Platted in 1854 — Later Changes in Township and Municipal Organization — Old Xaine of Ridgeville Township Resumed in 1903, with Boundaries Identical with City of Evanston — Garrett Biblical Institute Precedes the University — City Government Organized in 1892 — Early Evanston Homes and Their Occupants — Advent of the First Railroad — Career of Dr. John Evans 15-20

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Chapter II. Our Indian Predecessors

The First Evanstonians — Indian Relics — Stone Implements and What They Indicate — Early Explorers — Joliet, Marquette, La Salle and Tonty — Early Indian Tribes — The Iroquois, Illinois, and Pottawatomies — Ouilmette Reservation and Family — The Fort Dearborn Massacre — Home of the Ouihnettes — Treaty of Prairie du Chien — Indian Trails and Trees on the North Shore — Aboriginal Camps and Milages — Indian Mounds and Graves — Reminiscences of Early Settlers — Important Treaties — An Englishman's Story of the Treaty of Chicago in 1833 21-52

CHAPTER in.

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY.

The Beginning — First Meeting of the Founders of the University — Prime Movers in the Enterprise — Resolutions and Draft of Charter Adopted— The Legislature Acts — First Board of Trustees — Organization Effected — Search for a Site for the New Institution — The Present Location at Evanston Finally Selected — Acquisition of Lands — Valuable Real Estate in Chicago Retained as Part of the Endowment — Election of a President is Decided L'pon 53-59

Chapter IV

INSTITUTION IN DEVELOPMENT. Dr. Clark T. Hinman Chosen First President — Sale of Scholarships Begins — Career of the New President Cut Short by His Early Death — Town Site Platted and Named in Honor of Dr. John Evans — Garrett Biblical Institute Established — First Corps of College Professors Elected — University Assets in 1854 — Four-Mile Anti-Liquor District Established by Act of the Legislature — Teaching Force of the University Increased — Dr. Evans' Land Policy — The Institution is Opened for Pupils — Some of the First Students 61-66

Chapter V. Conditions In 1856-1860

Trustees Meet in First University Building — Dr. R. S. Foster Elected the Second President — The Faculty Enlarged — Absorption of Rush Medical College Projected — Competitors Enter the Field — Professor Jones' "Fern. Sem." — President Foster Visits the University, but Obtains a Year's Leave of Absence — He Joins the Faculty in 1857 —The Assets of the Institution Increased to Nearly $316,000 — Reinforcement of the Faculty — First Graduated Class in 1859 — ^Dr. Foster Resigns the Presidency and is succeeded by Dr. E. 0. Haven 67-72

CHAPTER VI. , PERIODS OF DEPRESSION AND GROWTH. Changes of Faculty — Charter Amendments Adopted — Effect of the Civil War on Number of Students — Accessions to the Faculty — University Land Debt is Liquidated — Orrington Lunt Land Donation for Benefit of Library — University Hall Projected — Accession of Students and Teaching Force Following the War Period — New Prizes Serve as a Stimulus to the Students — First Honorary Degrees Conferred — Corporate Name is Changed — Professors' Salaries Increased and Erection of University Hall Prosecuted — A "Gold Brick" Donation — Encouraging Financial Development — Death of Acting President Noyes 73-7^

Chapter VII. A Decade Of Change

Chicago Medical College Merged in the University — A "Town and Gown"

Contest — Dr. Erastus O. Haven Enters L'pon the Presidency —

Women Admitted to College Classes — Addition to the Faculty —

Greenleaf Library — Advent of College Journa'.ism — .Another

Change in the Presidency — Dr. Haven Succeeded by Dr. C. H. Fowler — Increase of Students and Growth of College Catalogue — Co-Education Established and Miss Frances E. Willard Joins the Faculty — Gymnasium Erected — Financial Embarrassment — President Fowler Retires and Dr. Oliver H. Marcy Becomes Acting President — The University Wins on the Taxation Issue — Life-Saving Station Established "9-85

Chapter VIII. An Era Of Progress

Dr. Joseph Cummings, the Nestor of Eastern Educators, Succeeds to the Presidency — Indebtedness Wiped Out and the Institution Enters Upon a More Prosperous Era — Munificent Gifts and Improvements — Changes in Faculty and Trustees — Illinois School of Pharmacy and School of Dentistry Added — Celebration of University Day Inaugurated — President Cummings' Successful Career and His Taking Away — Dr. Marcy Temporarily Assumes the Position of Acting President — Dr. Henry Wade Rogers Succeeds to the Presidency in 1890 — Other Changes and Improvements — Department Schools and Colleges — Real Estate Investments 87-91

\ CHAPTER IX.

SOME SIDE ISSUES.

Athletics and College Societies — Women's Educational Associations — "The Settlement" and the University Guild — Dr. Rogers Resigns the Presidency in 1899, and is Succeeded by Dr. Bonbright as Acting President — Long List of Notable Friends of the University Who Have Passed Away — Tribute to Their Memory — Dr. Edmund J. James' Two Years' Administration — - He is Succeeded by Dr. Abram W. Harris 93-98

Chapter X

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL. Object of its Organization — Early Conditions and Methods of Medical Education — Dr. N. S. Davis Begins the Agitation for Graded Instruction and Longer Courses — Lind University Established in 1859 — Institution Affiliated with Northwestern University in 1869 — Changes of Name and Location — Growth, Present Conditions and Methods of Instruction — South Side Free Dispensary — Hospitals: Mercy, Wesley, St. Luke's and Provident — Clinical and other Advantages — Influence of the Founders of the School Shown in its Growth and Character of its Graduates — Positions Won by its Alumni 99-I03

Chapter XI

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL. Historical Sketch — Law School Founded in 1859 — Hon. Thomas Hoj'ne Leads in Endowment of First Chair — Only Three Law Schools then West of the Alleghenies — First Faculty — Notable Faculty Members of Later Date — Union College of Law Result of Combination of Northwestern and University of Chicago — First Board of Managers and First Faculty Under New Arrangement — University of Chicago Suspended in 1866 — Northwestern Assumes Control of Law School in 1891 — Subsequent History — Changes in Requirements of Supreme Court as to Law Course — Present Home and Conditions — Acquisition of Gary Collection — Present Outlook 105-108

Chapter XII

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY DENTAL SCHOOL. Dental Education as a Distinct Branch of Professional Training — First Dental School Established in 1839 — Development Due to State Legislation — Dental Schools in Eastern Cities — Chicago College of Dental Surgery Graduates its First Class in 1885 — Dr. Thomas L. Gilmer Leads Movement for Establishment of Northwestern University Dental School — Consolidation with American College of Dental Surgery — Dr. Theodore Menges Chief Promoter — First Faculty of the Consolidated School — Present Condition — Finds a Permanent Home in Historic Tremont House Building 109-115

Chapter XIII

UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PHARMACY. Founding of School of Pharmacy in Connection with Northwestern University — Promoters of the Movement — School Opened in 1886 — Its Extensive Equipment — Instruction Rooms and Laboratories — Number of Students in Eighteen Years — They are Drawn from Practically All the States and Territories — Present Location of the Institution — Library and Value of Equipment — Annual E.xpenditures — Faculty of 1905 117-118

Chapter XIV

THE WOMAN'S MEDICAL SCHOOL. Demand for Higher Education for Women — First Steps in Founding Woman's Medical College — Promoters of Movement in Chicago — "Woman's Hospital Medical College" Founded in 1870 — First Faculty — Story of "The Little Barn" — Career of Dr. Mary H. Thompson, Drs. Byford, Dyas and Others — Some Notable Graduates — A ,

Period of Struggle — Institution Reorganized in 1877 as Woman's Medical College — President Byford Dies in 1890 — Institution Affiliated with Northwestern University — Is Discontinued in 1902 — Graduates in Foreign Missionary and Other Fields — Alumnae Organization 1 19-129

Chapter XV

UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MUSIC. Sphere of Music in Higher Institutions — Its Influence or; Character and as the Hand-Maid of Religion— Higher Aspects of the Art — Its Growth in the Universities — History of its Connection with Evanston Educational Institutions — Northwestern Female College Merged into Evanston College for Ladies in 1871 — The Latter Becomes a Part of Northwestern University in 1873 — Struggles, Changes and Growth of Later Years — Some Notable Teachers — Increase in Roll of Pupils — Need of Ampler Buildings — Music Festivals 131-148

Chapter XVI

UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ORATORY. Professor Cumnock as Founder — Growth and Standing Due to his Labors — First Class Graduated in 1881 — Its Aim and Branches Taught — Building Erected — Is Dedicated in 1895— Location and Description — Advantage over Private Institutions of Like Character — Training in English Composition and Rhetoric — Enrollment According to Last Catalogue — Promising Outlook for the Future 149-150

CHAPTER XVIL UNIVERSITY ATHLETICS.

Evanston Life-Saving Crew — Tragic Fate of the Steamer "Lady Elgin" Leads to Its Organization — Its First Members — List of Notable Rescues — Service Rewarded by Issue of Medals to the Crew by Act of Congress — Baseball History — The Old Gymnasium — Tug of War Teams — Football Records— Athletic Field and Grand Stand — Track Athletics and Tennis Games 151-162

Chapter XVIII

GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE. Historical Sketch — Origin of the Institute Due to the Munificence of Mrs. Augustus Garrett — Building Erected in 1855 and Institute Opened in 1856 — Additional Buildings Erected in 1867 and 1887 — The Republican "Wigwam" of i860 Becomes the Property of the Institute — Reverse Caused by Fire of 1871 — Disaster Averted in 1897 — Growth of the Institute — Personal History — Large Number of the Alumni in Missionary and Other Fields — Members of the Faculty and Board of Trustees 163-167

Chapter XIX. Early Drainage

First Steps in Organization of a Drainage System for Evanston — Natural Conditions — Early Legislation of 1855 — The Late Harvey B. Hurd Member and Secretary of First Board of Commissioners^Construction of Ditches Begun — Drainage Amendment of the Present Constitution Adopted in 1878 — Extension of the System — Local Opposition — A Tax Collector's Experience — A Flood Converts the Opponents of the System 169-172

Chapter XX. Public Utilities

Area and Topography of the City of Evanston — The Drainage Problem — A Period of Evolution — Municipal Development — Electric Light System Installed — Street Improvements — Parks and Boulevards — The Transportation Problem — Steam and Inter-urban Railway Connections — Heating System — Telephone Service — Evanston as a Residence City 173-180

Chapter XXI

WATER SUPPLY— LIGHTING SYSTEM. Conditions Prior to 1874 — First Movement to Secure an Adequate Water Supply — Charles J. Gilbert Its Leader — Holly Engines Installed in 1874 and 1886 — Annexation of South Evanston — The Consolidated City Incorporated in 1892 — Increase in the Water Supply in 1897 — Source of Supply — Revenue — Extent of System — Street Lighting by Gas Introduced in 1871 — Introduction of Electric Lighting in 1890 — Installation of the Evanston- Yaryan Light and Heating System 181-185

Chapter XXII. Education

The Public Schools of Evanston — Day of the Log School House — Early Schools and their Teachers — Sacrifice of School Lands -r- Present School Buildings — Township High School — Preliminary History — •

School Opened in September, 1883 — Prof. Boltwood its First Principal — Present School Building — ^lanual Training — A Moot Presidential Election — Drawing Department — List of Trustees 187-200

,, CHAPTER XXIII.

EVANSTON AUTHORS.

Establishment of Northwestern University the Beginning of Evanston Literary Life — Effect of the Gathering of Professors, Instructors and Students — Growth of Literary Activity — Some Notable Authors — Edward Eggleston and Frances E. Willard Begin their Careers in Evanston — Miss Willard's "A Classic Town" — Miss Simpson's Catalogue of Evanston Authors for 1900 — Growth of Nine Years — Alphabetical List of Authors with Bibliography and Biographical Records 201 -2 1 5

Chapter XXIV

LIBRARIES— PUBLIC AND PRIVATE. Evanston's First Library — Major Mulford the "Gentleman Pioneer of Evanston" — Some Specimens of His Librarj' — First Sunday School Library — Private Libraries of Today — Unique Collection of Curios — History of Evanston Free Public Library — Edward Eggleston Prime Mover in Its Founding — First Step in Organization — Later • History and Growth — Roll of Librarians and Other Officers — Cataloguing and Library Extension — Internal Management and Conditions — Site for a Library Building Secured in 1904 — Carnegie Gift of $50,000 — Erection of New Building Commenced in June, 1906. . . 217-231

Chapter XXV. University Library

First Step in the Organization of a University Library — President Foster's Gift — Advance of Fifty Years — The Greenleaf Library — University Library is Made a Depository for Government Publications — Recent Notable Donation's — Orrington Lunt Library Building is Dedicated in 1894 — The Orrington Lunt Library Fund — Internal Administration — List of Those Who Have Served as Librarians — Libraries of Garrett Biblical Institute and Professional Schools.... 233-236

Chapter XXVI. Evanston Newspapers

The Newspaper as a Necessity — Introduction and Growth of Local Journals — The "Suburban Idea," The "Evanston Index" and Other

Early Papers — Story of the "Evanston Press" — Advent of the Daily — Effect of the Chicago Printer's Strike of 1898 — Tem-ierance Organ — College Journals — A "Frat." and "Barb." Advertising Contest — Quarterly and Monthly Publications — High Standard of Evanston Journalism 237-243

CHAPTER XXVn.

MEDICAL HISTORY. (regular.) Primitive Sanitary Conditions — Freedom from Malarial Diseases — Some Old-Time Physicians — Sketch of Dr. John Evans — Drs. Lud- - lam, Weller and Blaney — ■ Dr. N. S. Davis the Nestor of Medical Education — An Early Drug Store — Sketches of Later Day Physicians — Drs. Webster, Bannister, Burchmore, Brayton, Bond, Phillips, Haven, Hemenway, Kaufman, and others — Evanston Physicians' Club 245-254

Chapter XXVIII

MEDICAL HISTORY. (homoeopathic.) First Case of Homoeopathic Treatment in Evanston — Successful Results — Early Homoeopathic Physicians — Dr. Hawkes First Local Practitioner — He is Followed by Dr. C. D. Fairbanks — Sketch of Dr. Oscar H. Mann — His Prominence in Local Educational, Official and Social Relations — Founding of the Evanston Hospital — Doctors ]\Iarcy, Clapp and Fuller — Roll of the Later Physicians and Surgeons 255-260

Chapter XXIX. Evanston Hospital

The Evanston Benevolent Society — First Steps in Founding a Hospital — Organization is Effected in 189 1 — First Board of Officers — Medical Stafif — Fund and Building Campaign — Enlargement of the Institution Projected — Munificent Gift of Mrs. Cable — Other Donations — The Endowment Reaches $50,000 — Hospital of the Present and the Future — Internal Arrangement and Official Administration — List of Principal Donors — - Present Officers 261-274

Chapter XXX

LOCAL MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS. Evanston as it Existed in 1856 — Primitive Church Music — War Songs — A Commencement Concert — The Hutchinson Family — Jules

Lumbard — O. H. Merwin Becomes a Choir Leader — Other Notable Musicians — Evanston's First Musical Club — Some Famous Teachers and Performers — Thomas Concert Class Organized — Mrs. Edward Wyman — Musical Department of Evanston Woman's Club — Women's Clubs as a Factor in Musical Training — Evanston Musical Club — Msennerchor Organized — Programs — Officers ■ 275-287

Chapter XXXI. Evanston Banks

History of Evanston Banking Enterprises — Effect of the Chicago Fire — First Private Bank Established in 1874 — Incorporated as a State Bank in 1892 — First Officers of the New Institution — Growth of Deposits — It Successfully Withstands the Panic of 1893 — Present Officers ( 1906) — A First National Bank \'enture — ■ The Panic of 1893 Results in Disaster — ■ The City National Bank of Evanston Established in 1900 — First Officers and Leading Stockholders — Its Prosperous Career — Condition in 1906 289-293

Chapter XXXII. Evanston Real Estate

Primary Geological Conditions — Early Roads — The Indian Trail — A Period of Growth — "The Path the Calf Made" — Influence of the University — Evanston Over-boomed — Effect of the Chicago Fire — Local Real Estate Rivalries — Notable Residences — The . Transportation Problem — The Park System — Taxation — Evanston Homes — Real Estate Values 295-302

CHAPTER XXXIIL EVANSTON ARCHITECTURE.

Historic Progress — Influence of the Architect on the City's Growth — The "Georgian" Style Follows the Log and Grout Houses — Churches and Private Residences — -Advent of the Victorian Gothic Style — University Hall and Union Park Congregational Church — Architect G. P. Randall the Designer — Asa Lyons Evanston's First Resident Architect — Others who followed him — Description of Some Notable Buildings and their Designers — Public Library — Enumeration of Principal Private and Public Buildings.. 303-309

Chapter XXXIV. Street Nomenclature

Origin of Street and Avenue Names in Evanston — Village Platted in 1853 and Named for Dr. John Evans — Postoffice Previously Known as Ridgeville, and Still Earlier as Gross Point — Evanston Postoffice Established in 1855 — Street Names Derived from Prominent Methodists, Early Residents or Noted Statesmen — History and Biography thus Incorporated in Street Nomenclature — System of Street and Avenue Numbering — List of Principal Streets and Persons for \\niom Named 311-316

Chapter XXXV. The Four-mile Limit

Act Incorporating Northwestern L^niversity Amended — Prohibition District Established — Sale of Spirituous Liquors Within Four Miles of the University Prohibited — Local Sentiment in Favor of the Law — Violations and Anti-Saloon Litigation — Citizens' League Organized — Supreme Court Decisions 317-321

Chapter XXXVI

HOMES AND HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870. Some of the Early Homes of Evanston — IMen and Women Who Have Left Their Impress on the City's History — ■ What Evanston Owes to Its Early Home Builders — Historic Names on the City Map — • Abraham Lincoln and other Distinguished Visitors — • The Willard and Eggleston Families — Notable Workers in the Field of Religion, Education, Literature and the Arts 323-339

Chapter XXXVII. Evanston Church History

Early Methodist Services in Grosse Point District — First Methodist Episcopal Church Organized — • Some of the Pioneer Preachers — ■ Influence of the Coming of Garrett Biblical Institute and Northwestern University — Notable Ministers of a Later Date — Central M. E. Church — List of Pastors — Norwegian-Danish and Swedish M. E. Churches — Hemenway, Wheadon and Emmanuel Churches — First Baptist Church — Its Founders and List of Pastors — • History of Presbyterianism — First and Second Presbyterian Churches — Pastors and Auxiliary Societies — St. Mark's Episcopal Church — List of Pastors — St. Matthews Alission — St. Mary's Catholic Church, Schools and Related Associations — Congregational Church and Auxiliary Organizations — Bethlehem German Evangelical, Norwegian-Danish and Swedish Lutheran Churches — Evanston Christian Church and Its History — Church of Christ (Scientist).. 341-389

CHAPTER XXXVni.

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Evanston Young Men's Christian Association — Organization Effected in 1885 — First Board of Officers — General History — ■ Association Building Erected and Dedicated in 1898 — Gymnasium and Natatorium Constructed — List of Former and Present Officers 391-393

Chapter XXXIX

WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNIONS. Women's Temperance Alliance — Evanston Woman's Christian Temperance LTnion Organized in 1875 — Working Departments — Enforcement of Four-Mile Limit Law — Industrial School — Children's Organization — Loyal Temperance Legion and Gospel Temperance Meetings — Miss Frances E. Willard and Other Noted Leaders — Manual Training School — The Evanston W. C. T. \J. — • Reiley and South Evanston Unions — Young Woman's Organization 395-404

Chapter XL. Charitable Associations

Evanston Benevolent Society Organized — Names of Its Founders and First Officers — Hospital Projected — ■ New Society Takes the Name "Associated Charities" — Auxiliary Organizations — Mothers' Sewing School — • St. Vincent de Paul Society — Needle Work Guild — Mothers' Club — Visiting Nurse Association — King's Daughters — Camp Good Will — Its Service in Behalf of Poor Mothers and Children — Receipts and E.xpenditures 405-423

Chapter XLI

SOCIAL LIFE IN A UNR'ERSITY TOWN. Transitions of a Half Century — Social Life as It Existed in Early Days — The Building up of a Great Christian Institution as Its Dominant Motive — Reminiscences of Some of Its Early Factors — Influence of Hospitality on Student Life and Character — Some of Those Who Were Influential in Establishing E\anston's Reputation as a Hospitable Center 425-431

Chapter XLII. Social And Literary Clubs

A Reminiscence of Noah's Ark — Social Instincts of Evanstonians — Philosophical Association — Its Founders and Their Favorite Topics — The "O. R. Circle" Blossoms Out as the "Legensia" — - Bryant Circle — Pierian Club — Woman's Clubs — The Fortnightly Succeeds the "Woman's Reading Circle" — ■ Its Service in the Field of Charity and Philanthropy — The Coterie — Twentieth Century and Present Day Clubs 433-442

Chapter XLIII. The Evanston Woman's Club

Origin of Evanston Woman's Club — Julia Ward Howe's Advice — Organization and First Officers — Chib Programs — Auxiliary Organizations — Work of the Traveling Library Committee — Field Day at Lake Geneva — Object of tlie Club Defined in Its Constitution — Club Motto 1 13-1 17

Chapter XLIV. The Evanston Club

Promoters and Organizers of "The Greenwood Club" — First Members and Officers — Name Changed to "The Evanston Club" — Club Building Erected — First Reception — Changes in By-Laws and Membership — Value of Club Property — List of Officers 449-452