The world and democracy, selected and arranged with introduction and notes

Part I. Fundamentals Of Democracy The American View

Americanism Hartley B. Alexander,

American Tradition Franklin K. Lane

The Meaning of the Declaration of Independence

Program of the World's Peace .

Righteous and Triumphant Force The Mount Vernon Address .

The Issues of the War

The Problem of Democracy

Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson James Russell Lowell Frederic C. Morehouse Autocracy against Democracy Frederick D. Bramhall The Moral Value of Patriotism . Shailer Mathews

Theodore Roosevelt

Frederick Palmer

Franklin K. Lane

Frederick G. Mntterer

John H. Finley

. Hermann Hagedorn

Some Things Men Fight For The Spirit of America .

My Debt to My Country .

A Message from France The Hope of the World .

i6

18 24

Part II. Foundations Of Democracy: Allied Statesmen And Writers

What England Stands For . . . James Bryce 138

The Spirit of France Rene Viviani 147

Pro Patria Maurice Maeterlinck 155

V vi THE CONTENTS

PAGE

Belgian Pride Emile Verhaeren 159

Britain's War Aims .... David Lloyd George 163

The Spirit of Democracy . . . Arthur Henderson 175

Ennobling Tragedy Gilbert Murray 179

The American Invasion of England Rudyard Kipling 183

Democracy and Education . . A. C. Benson 186

PART III. EMBATTLED DEMOCRACY: LETTERS FROM THE FIGHTING MEN The Letters

1. A western soldier reflects the splendid spirit of

millions 200

2. An Idaho aviator gives expression to the crusading

spirit 200

3. A Slovenian volunteer 201

4. An American in the Royal Flying Corps writes

some of his philosophy . . . . . . . 202

5. An Irish poet at the front to another in Ireland . 204

6. Preparing for the front — and remembering

Mothers' Day 205

7. A French soldier of eighteen to his parents on

starting for the front 205

8. From a marine who afterward fell near Chateau-

Thierry 206

9. A corporal of field artillery to his brother in

Indiana 207

10. After three years, this Canadian soldier takes

things as they come 208

11. A lieutenant of field artillery tells of a night

expedition 209

12. A boy from Massachusetts writes his father

concerning French farming 211

13. From a New Jersey engineer 212

14. An Illinois boy is enthusiastic 213

15. How the war was won for democracy . . . . 214

THE CONTENTS vii

PAGE

1 6. A judge-advocate prefers to stay until it is

finished 215

17. A French officer to a friend at home . . . . 216

18. A New Zealand soldier is cheerful 217

19. A marine tells of refugees and destruction . . 219

20. An Iowa birdman has a chance to try his para-

chute 220

21. An Ohio private on returning from going "over

the top" 221

22. A St. Louis officer tells why he is proud of being

an American 222

23. A Michigan lieutenant has a good opinion of the

French soldier 223

24. Report of a memorable Christmas evening in a

French village 223

25. A sergeant of artillery writes between shots . 226

26. An engineer has high praise for the French . . 227

27. A lawyer corporal from Louisiana pays tribute to

the French 228

28. An Oklahoma sergeant expresses his joy at our

making good 229

29. From a village near the front a French mother

writes to an American mother 230

30. A California airman writes of the fourteenth of

July 231

31. A signal corps man writes of the famous drive

of July 18 232

32. A Tennessee heutenant tells of the greatest sight

of his life i^i

33. A private tells of a night air attack and, inciden-

tally, why he fights 2'^^

34. A western corporal reports a "stranger than fic-

tion " true incident 236

35. A lieutenant of a telegraph battalion relates a

36. A young lieutenant tells of work and play in a

French fortress 239 viii • THE CONTENTS

PAGE

37. vShowing a scarcity of news 240

38. A Yankee officer who believes in his men . . 240

39. A Scotch lieutenant agrees with Sherman . . 241

40. A Kansas private tells his sister the great news

of July 243

41. An untried Vermont officer becomes a veteran

over night 244

42. A Red Cross worker tells a shell-shock story .* . 246

43. A Pennsylvania soldier tells his mother about

going to the front-line trenches 248

44. A Tennessee doctor in the British service gets by

the German censor 249

45. A New Orleans private breaks the news and

congratulates himself 251

46. A lieutenant from Ohio begins as follows . . . 254

47. A woman canteen worker with the Red Cross

tells of a strenuous time 254

48. A New York soldier tells of Major Lufbery's death 255

49. A French professor to his mother 256

50. A New York private, killed in action, put this in

his will 257

51. An American poet in the Foreign Legion writes

to his mother 257

52. A young aviator's last letter to his father . . 258

53. " Forward all the same ! " ....... 258

54. One of four soldier sons tells of a brother fallen 259

55. An Italian poet-soldier who fell on the Isonzo

leading his platoon into battle 259

56. A young Illinois lawyer, who fell on the field of

honor 260

57. A Canadian captain to his father, just before going

into action 261

58. The last letter from a young English poet-soldier 262

59. A French lieutenant writes to his captain's father 263

60. The commanding officer writes to the widow of an

English poet and scholar 264

THE CONTExNTS ix

PAGE

Part IV. Embattled Democracy: Poems From The Field Of Action And

FROM BEHIND THE LINES

The New Crusade .... Katharine Lee Bates 273

The Old Kings Margaret Widdemer 274

The Knights Ahbie Farwell Brown 275

In the Time of Strife .... Frank L. Stanton 277

"Men Who March Away" . . . Thomas Hardy 277

Song of Liberty Louise Ay res Garnett 278

Tecumseh and the Eagles .... Bliss Carman 279

Memorial Day .... . Theodosia Garrison 282

The White Ships and the Red . . . Joyce Kilmer 283

The Declaration of Independence

Theodosia Garrison 286

America, to Arms! . . Blanche Shoemaker Wagstaf 286

The Great Blue Tent .... Edith Wharton 287

Shoulder to Shoulder Clinton Scollard 289

The Avenue of the Allies .... Alfred Noyes 289

Pro Patria Sir Owen Seaman 292

America Eleanor Duncan Wood 294

The LTnion Alfred Noyes 294

To the American People . . . Laurence Binyon 295

Here: and There F. W. Bourdillon 297

Young and Old Henry Allsop 297

The Empty Coat Lon Brier 298

Letters from Home Eric P. Dawson 299

Renunciation Strickland Gill il an 299

The Father of the Man .... Edgar A. Guest 300

Socks Jessie Pope 302

In Homeland Clinton Scollard 303

A Boy Over There Frank L. Stanton 303

A Girl's Song Katharine Tynan 304

Things That Were Yours . . . Dyneley Hussey 305

When I Come Home Leslie Coulson 305

High Heart Aline Kilmer 306

X THE CONTENTS

PAGE

In France Francis Ledwidge 307

Cha Till Maccruimein .... E. A. Mackintosh 307

The Spires of Oxford . . . . Winifred M. Letts 308

At the Wars Robert Nichols 309

Home Thoughts in Laventie . E, Wyndham Tennant 310

While Summers Pass .... Aline Michaelis 312

Sympathy . 313

Our Hitch in Hell William Childs 314

Yanks James W. Foley 3 1 5

Marching Song Dana Burnet 317

The Road Gordon Alchin 319

Kilmeny Alfred Noyes 320

"Form Fours" Frank Sidgwick 321

Half-Past Eleven Square .... C. Fox Smith yii

M-U-D JohnOxenham 324

The Half-Hour's Furlough .... Joseph Lee 325

On Leaving Ireland ..... T. M. Kettle 328

To My Daughter Betty, the Gift of God T. M. Kettle 328

The Cricketers of Flanders . . James Norman Hall 329

What Can I Do? Lee Wilson Dodd 330

Easter, 1918 John Richards 331

Dawn Daniel M. Henderson 332

The Lads of Liege Percy Mackaye 332

Belgium the Bar-Lass ... A. Mary F. Robinson 334

The Man-Birds E. D. Gibbs 335

Eyes in the Air Gilbert Frankau 335

Hymn of the Airman in the Hour of Battle .

James A. Mackereth 337

The Dead Aviator Blanche M. Kelly 340

Qui Vive? Grace Ellery Channing 340

The Name of France Henry van Dyke 342

Vive la France! .... Richard Butler Glaenzer 343

The Fate of France . . . Edwin Markham 344

The Green Estaminet A.P.H. 345

Edith Cavell ....... Laurence Binyon 346

Joan of Arc to an English Sister . . . J. H. S. 348

Kitchener's March .... Amelia Josephine Burr 349

THE CONTENTS xi

PAGE

''All the Hills and Vales Along"

Charles Hamilton Sorley 350

A Lark above the Trenches . John William Streets 351

A Soldier's Litany '^ Richard Raleigh '^ 352

Prayer of a Soldier in France . . . Joyce Kilmer 353

Facing the Shadows William I. Grundish 354

A Prayer from the Ranks John Fletcher Hall 354

Death and the Fairies .... Patrick Macgill 355

I Have a Rendezvous with Death . . Alan Seeger 356

Alan Seeger Grantland Rice 357

From Home E. A. Mackintosh 358

The Soldier Rupert Brooke 359

The Volunteer Herbert Asquith 359

In Flanders Fields John A/cCrae 360

The Star-Shell Patrick Macgill 361

Release W. N. Hodgson 361

The Fallen Subaltern .... Herbert Asquith 362

*' — ^ But a Short Time to Live" . Leslie Coulson 363

The Red Cross Bloke 364

Death Song of the Ninth Lancers /. Laurence Rentoul 366

In the Morning Patrick Macgill 366

Courage Dyneley Hiissey 368

Before Action .W.N. Hodgson 369

Into Battle Julian H. F. GrenfeU 369

Ro-UGE Bouquet Joyce Kilmer 371

''This Is the Last" .... Gilbert Waterhouse 373

The Anxious Dead John McCrae 373

PART V. SOME IDEALS OF DEMOCRACY IN STORIES AND SKETCHES Extra Men Harrison Rhodes 383

A Hymn of Hate Boyd Cable 393

What We Owe to France .... Ian Hay 402 *'They Have Come for the Sake of France" .

Hawthorne Daniel 406

The American Pioneer .... Franklin K. Lane 412 xii THE CONTENTS

PAGE

The Bowmen — A Fantasy of the War Arthur Machen 41O

Yokels Harold Seton 421

The Man with His Hat in His Hand . . Clark Howell 423

Americanus Sum Edward A. Steiner 426

The Soldier Who Conquered Sleep Pierre Mille 434

The Soul of Flanders . Hcndrik Willem van Loon 440

Part VI. The Spirit Of Democracy In Drama And Song

The Fiery Pillar .... Louise Ayres Garnett 449

Peace avith a Sword 463

Appendix

Maps 479

A LIST OF THE MAPS

The World in 1914 • End sheet

I. The Western Battle Front 479

II. Alsace-Lorraine before and after 1 87 1 480

III. Mittel-Europa 481

IV. Germany's Blockade Zones 482

V. The Italian Battle Line 483

VI. The Macedonian Battle Front 484

VII. Austria-Hungary and Its Peoples 485

VIII. The Partitions of Poland, 1772- 1795 486

IX, The Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Its Final Disposition . 486

X. Russia's Endangered Provinces 487

XL The Battle Front in Asiatic Turkey 488

XI I. Nationalities in Turkey 489

XIII. The Commercial Highways of the World .... 490

Europe in 1914 End sheet

THE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The compilers of this volume extend their grateful acknowledgments to the following authors and publishers for permission to use copyrighted selections :

Hartley B. Alexander and the Marshall Jones Company for "Americanism," from Liberty and Democracy.

Frederic C. Morehouse for "The Problem of Democracy," from The Living Church.

Frederick D. Bramhall and the University of Chicago Press for "Autocracy against Democracy," from Democracy the Basis for World-Order.

John H. Finley for "A Message from France."

Frederick G. Mutterer for "My Debt to My Country."

Hermann Hagedorn and the Macmillan Company for The Hope of the World.

Doubleday, Page and Company for James Bryce's "What England Stands JPor," from The War of Democracy.

B. W. Huebsch for Arthur Henderson's "The Spirit of Democracy," from The Aims of Labor.

TJie Bellman for A. C. Benson's "Democracy and Education."

E. P. Dutton and Company for the letter headed "A French lieutenant writes to his captain's father," from .1 Crusader of France; Patrick MacGill's "Death and the Fairies," "The Star-Shell," and "In the Morning," from Soldier Songs; and Boyd Cable's "A Hymn of Hate," from Between the Lifies.

Katharine Lee Bates for "The New Crusade," from The Retinue and Other Poems.

Margaret Widdemer and Henry Holt and Company for "The Old Kings," from The Old Road to Paradise.

Frank L. Stanton for "In the Time of Strife" and "A Boy Over There."

Abbie Farwell Brown for the poem "Peace with a Sword"; Abbie Farwell Brown and Harper and Brothers for "The Knights," published in Harper's Magazine.

Thomas Hardy for "Men Who March Away."

Louise Ayres Garnett and the Oliver Ditson Company, publishers of the words and music, for "Song of Liberty."

Bliss Carman for "Tecumseh and the Eagles."

Theodosia Garrison for "Memorial Day" and "The Declaration of Independence."

Mrs. Joyce Kilmer and George H. Doran Company for Joyce Kilmer's "The White Ships and the Red," "Prayer of a Soldier in France," and "Rouge Bouquet," all from the memorial edition of Joyce Kilmer's Poems, Essays and Letters.

George H. Doran Company for John Oxenham's "M-u-d," from High Altars.

xiv

THE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv

Aline Kilmer and Good Housekeeping for "High Heart."

Blanche Shoemaker Wagstaff and George H. Doran Company for "America, to Arms," from Fifes and Drums.

Edith Wharton for "The Great Blue Tent."

Clinton Scollard for "Shoulder to vShoulder" and "In Homeland."

Sir Owen Seaman and Constable & Company, Ltd., for "Pro Patria."

Life for Eleanor Duncan Wood's "America."

Henry Allsop and G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., for "Young and Old," from Songs from a Dale in War-Time.

Eric P. Dawson and Good Housekeeping for "Letters from Home."

Strickland GilHlan and Forbes and Company for "Renunciation."

Edgar A. Guest and The Red Book Magazine for "The Father of the Man."

Grant Richards, Ltd., for "Socks," from Jessie Pope's War Poems.

Sidgwick and Jackson, Ltd., for Katharine Tynan's "A Girl's Song," from Flower of Youth; Frank Sidgwick's "Form Fours," from Some Verse by Frank Sidgwick; and Herbert Asquith's "The Volunteer" and "the Fallen Subaltern," from The Volunteer and Other Poems.

John Lane. Company for E. A. Mackintosh's "Cha Till Maccruimein," and "From Home," from A Highland Regiment, and Rupert Brooke's "The Soldier," from the Collected Poems of Rupert Brooke.

Frederick A. Stokes Company for Robert Nichols "At theWars," from Ardours and Endurances; Thomas Kettle's "On Leaving Ireland" and "To My Daughter Betty, the Gift of God," from Poems and Parodies; and Alfred Noyes's "Kilmeny," from Ope7i Boats, and "The Avenue of the Allies."

Franklin K. Lane and Frederick A. Stokes Company for "American Tradition," "The Spirit of America, " and "The American Pioneer," from The American Spirit.

The Yale Review and Frederick A. Stokes Company for Alfred Noyes's "The Union."

B. H. Blackwell for E. Wyndham Tennant's "Home Thoughts in Laventie," from Worple Flit, and Other Poems; and Gordon Alchin's "The Road," from Oxford and Flanders.

Aline Michaelis for "While Summers Pass."

The Red Cross Magazine for "Sympathy" and "The Red Cross Bloke."

James W. Foley and The Saturday Evening Post for "Yanks."

Dana Burnet for "Marching Song."

John Murray for Joseph Lee's "The Half-Hour's Furlough," from Ballads of Battle; and W. N. Hodgson's "Release," from The Muse in Arms, and "Before Action," from Verse and Prose.

The Spectator for James Norman Hall's "The Cricketers of Flanders," first published in its pages.

Lee Wilson Dodd for "What Can I Do?"

The Outlook for John Richards' "Easter, 1918."

Amelia Josephine Burr and George H. Doran Company for "Kitchener's March," from Life and Living.

xvi THE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Percy Mackaye for "The Lads of Liege," from The Present Hour, published by the Macmillan Company.

The Times (London) for A. Mary F. Robinson's "Belgium the Bar-Lass," which was first published in The Times Literary Supplement of August 20, 19 14.

The New York Herald for E. D. Gibbs's "The Man Birds."

Blanche M. Kelly and America for "The Dead Aviator."

Grace Ellery Channing for "Qui Vive?" published in the New York Tribune.

Richard Butler Glaenzer for "Vive la France!" from Beggar and King, published by the Yale University Press.

Edwin Markham and McClure's Magazine for "The Fate of France."

W. R. Sorley for Charles Hamilton Sorley's "All the Hills and Vales Along," from Marlborough and Other Poems.

D. Appleton and Company for Grantland Rice's "Allan Seeger," from Songs of the Stalwart.

Harrison Rhodes and Harper and Brothers for "Extra Men."

The World's Work for Hawthorne Daniel's "They Have Come for the Sake of France."

G. P. Putnam's Sons for Arthur Machen's "The Bowmen — A Fantasy of the War," from The Bowmen and Other Legends of the War.

Harold Seton for "Yokels," published in The Outlook.

Hendrik Willem van Loon and The Nation for "The Soul of Flanders."

Louise Ayres Garnett for "The Fiery Pillar."

Osbourne McConathy and Louise Ayres Garnett for the song program "Peace with a Sword."

Laurence Binyon's "Edith Cavell" and the selections from James Russell Lowell, Emile Verhaeren, Gilbert Murray, and Gilbert Frankau are used by permission of and by special arrangement with the Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

-THE PREFACE

While the introductory chapters to the various sections of this book deal in detail with the selections chosen, the following very general statement may be of use in suggesting the plan of the work:

This book does not undertake to retell the history of the Great World War. Its object is to give a body of material so arranged as to furnish a suitable and interesting approach toward an appreciation of the convictions and ideals that led the free and peace-loving peoples of the world to unite in opposing the most powerful and aggressive military power ever developed in human history. Its entire aim is to lead to a sane, helpful, exalted patriotism.

The book differs in its plan from others in the same field by offering more avenues of approach to its central purpose. While it contains the important official pronouncements dealing with the causes of the war and the terms of peace, it recognizes the value of the popular responses to the call for patriotic service. Hence the use of letters, poems, stories, descriptive sketches, drama, familiar address, and essay.

With a few exceptions all the material in the book has been called out by the war. The exceptions only make it clear that the ideals for which we have fought are the ideals which have always been at the heart of democracy.

The selections are grouped under six headings. Part I is planned to reflect the American view of democracy through a group of selections from President Wilson's addresses and a large number of selections from other American spokesmen. Part II reflects the spirit and xviii THE PREFACE

ideals of the allied nations through their leading statesmen and writers. Part III allows us to look at things as they are seen by the man in the service, reflected through the medium of his letters. Part IV is made up of poetry called forth by the war, by American and English writers. Part V is made up of a group of stories and sketches. Part VI comprises a one-act drama and a song program an^anged for dramatic presentation.

A group of maps has been included to cover all the important geographical features of the war and to illustrate the more prominent of the issues involved in the peace discussions.

The editorial work in the way of introductory chapters, notes, etc., is intended to help the reader to a clearer understanding of, and appreciation of, the text. As the. book will no doubt often be used where ready access to extended books of reference is difficult, the brief annotations may serve to satisfy some of the more immediate needs of the student.

L. P. P.

C. M.C.