Sunday the world's rest day; an illustrated story of the fourteenth International Lord's day congress held in Oakland, California, July 27th to August 1st, 1915, during the Panama-Pacific international exposition

Front matter

Class t/M r^/^

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT.

THE WORLD'S REST DAY

Chapter II

July 27th, 8 p. m. — Opening Session of the Congress . 22

Rev. Duncan J. McMillan, D.D., Presiding

Scripture Reading — Deut. v: 12-15. Rev. Wm. M. Rochester, D.D 22

Prayer — Rev. Warren H. Landon, D.D 22

Call to Order— Rev. Duncan J. McMillan, D.D., Temporary Chairman 23

Address of Welcome — Florence J. O'Brien, representing the Governor 25

Address of Frank L. Brown, representing the President

of the Exposition 27

Addresses by Rt. Rev. Wm. F. Nichols, D.D., and Rt. Rev. E. H. Hughes, D.D., Representing the Churches 30

Address — Mr. Higgins, representing the Mayor of Oakland 35

vii viii CONTENTS

PAGE

Remarks of the Temporary Chairman, introducing Judge Alton B. Parker, the Permanent Chairman of the Congress 35

Address — Judge Alton B.Parker, the Permanent Chairman 35

Rev. Duncan J. McMillan, D.D., was elected Secretary

of the Congress 46

Music by the Edna White Trumpet Quartette, and elsewhere throughout the Congress.

Chapter III

July 28th, 10 a. m. — Foundations of the Sabbath . . 47 Judge Alton B. Parker, Presiding

The Lord's Day Observance. Abraham Kuyper, D.D.,

The Foundations of the Sabbath in the Word of God.

Rev. Benjamin B. Warfield, D.D 63

The Sabbath, the Lord's Day, Rev. Samuel W. Gamble,

The Day of the Sabbath. Maurice S. Logan 89

New Testament Doctrine of the Lord's Day. Rev. Edward A. Wicher, D.D 96

The Lord of the Sabbath. Rev. J. H. Leiper 107

Foundation in Social Relations.

Rev. Junius B. Remensnyder, D.D. 112 Rev. John W. Buckham, D.D. . . 118

Chapter IV

July 28th, 2 :30 p. m. — The Church and the Sarbath . 126

Judge Alton B. Parker, Presiding Position of the Roman Church. Mgr. M. J. Lavelle, D.D. 126 Position of the Greek Church. Rev. V. V. Alexandrof . 133 Social Passion and Personal Salvation. Rev. David

Baines-Griffiths, A.M 139

Position of the Protestant Church. Rev. Peter Ainslee,

CONTENTS ix

PAGE

Chapter V

FuLY 28th, 8:15 p. M. — Day of Rest in Nature and

Human Nature 154

Rev. Wm. M. Rochester, D.D., Presiding

Periodicity, A Law of Nature and Human Nature. Rev.

G. Frederick Wright, D.D 154

Scientific Research, Laboratory Experiments.

Prof. Wm. J. Gies, Ph.D. 168 Prof. E. G. Martin, M.D. 192 Necessity of the Day of Rest, Pictorially Illustrated.

Rev. D. J. McMillan, D.D 197

The Sabbath in Home and Family Life. Mrs. Robert

Bruce Hull 210

Chapter VI

ruLY 29th, 10 A. M. — World's Survey 216

Rev. Edward L. Parsons, D.D., Presiding

Europe — General View. Rev. Elie Deluz 216

France.

Prof. Jean Charlemagne Bracq, Litt.D., LL.D. 229

Hubert Valleroux 237

Asia —

China. Rev. John R. Hykes, D.D 246

Kiangsu. Rev. B. C. Patterson 258

Siam and Laos. Rev. Robert Irwin 259

Korea. Prof. R. 0. Reiner 268

Japan. Rev. Kajinosuka Ibuka, D.D 282

Rev. Henry B. Schwartz, D.D 285

Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, D.D 291

Africa —

Does Africa Hold Her Place? Rev. E. W. Kinchen . 292

Letter from Rev. Andrew Murray, D.D 296

South Africa. Rev. P. G. J. Meiring 296

Egypt. Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D 301

Australia. H. L. Melbourne 307

X CONTENTS

PAGE

America —

Canada. Rev. Wm. M. Rochester, D.D 308

United States. Rev. Harry L. Bowlby 318

Panama. Rev. Jas. Hayter 325

CHAPTER Vn

July 29th, 2:30 P. M. — Special Problems 331

Rev. Henry C. Minton, D.D., Presiding

Sunday Sports and Amusements. Rev. Martin D. Kneeland, D.D 331

Holiday or a Holy Day. Rev. George U. Wenner, D.D. 342 The Sabbath and Social Uplift. Dr. Mary E. Woolley . 353 The Relation of Sabbath Observance to Genius and Great

Achievements. Rev. Edward Thomson, Ph.D., LL.D. 360 The Lord's Day and the Religious Education of the

Young. Rev. Henry Collin Minton, D.D 366

CHAPTER Vni

July 29th, 8 p. m. — Industries 370

Rev. Jas. McGaw, D.D., Presiding The Sabbath in Glass Works. George B. Hollister . . 370 Doctors — Limit to Works of Necessity and Mercy. Geo.

W. Brush, M.D 373

Theatres and Concerts. Sunday Work,

Miss Olive Oliver 377

Bruce McRae ....... 377

Public Service —

In the City. Hon. Percy V. Long 380

In the Navy. Capt. Geo. R. Clark 385

Trade —

Florists. Max Schling 388

Butchers. Florenz N. McCarthy 391

Transportation. Geo. W. Dickie 396

Post Offices. Rev. Geo. W. Grannis, D.D. (Unfortunately the manuscript of this address is wanting)

CONTENTS xi

PAGE

Agricultural —

Sunday Observance by Farmers. Rev. Chas. L. Chal-

fant, D.D 401

Irrigation and the Sabbath. Chas. R. Osburn .... 407 Mining. Thomas Weir 412

CHAPTER IX

July 30th, 10 a. m. — Industrial Problems 421

Rev. Geo. U. Wenner, D.D., Presiding

Changing Industrial Conditions as They Affect the Toiler's Rest. Rev. Wm. Harman Van Allen, S.T.D. (Dr. Van Allen spoke v^ithout notes and left no manuscript.)

The Toiler's Right to a Day of Rest in Seven. M. Grant

Hamilton 421

Right to a Day of Rest. Rev. John J. Burke, C.S.P.,

Civil, Intellectual. Rev. Chas. F. Thwing, D.D 449

Religious — The Sabbath, God's Opportunity. Rev. J. B.

Davison 452

International As-pects of the Sunday Problem. Canon

H. Bickersteth Ottley 457

One Day in Seven for Industrial Workers. Rev. Chas. S.

Macfarland, D.D 462

CHAPTER X July 30th, 2:30 P. M. — Civil and Legal Problems . . . 479 Theodore Gilman, Esq., Presiding Modern Views of the Sabbath. Theodore Gilman . . . 479

The Civil Sabbath. Rev. Josiah Strong, D.D 491

Digest of Sunday Laws — What They Contain and What

They Ought to Contain. Powell Crichton .... 502 The Jewish Problem of the Sabbath in a Christian Land.

Rabbi Dr. Bernard Drachman 516

Model Sunday Laius — National, State and Municipal.

Gen. Ralph E. Prime 529 xii CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER XI

July 30th, 8:15 p. m.— Foes of Sunday Rest 540

Rev. David Baines-Griffiths, Presiding

Liquor Saloons. Mrs. Jennie M. Kemp 540

Seventh Day People. Rev. Geo. L. Tufts, Ph.D. .... 546 Sunday Excursions. Rev. Alexander Jackson, D.D. . . 556 The Press and Sunday Observance. Rev. R. C. Wylie,

A Plea for Sabbath Observance. Hon. Frank Moss . . 578

CHAPTER Xn August 1st, 2 p. m. — Closing Mass Meeting 583

Hon. Wm. B. Wilson, Secretary of Labor in President Wilson's Cabinet, Presiding

The Lord's Day as a Harbinger of Peace. Hon. Wm. B.

Wilson 583

The Lord's Day Observance as the Great Bond Uniting

All Christendom. Rev. Orrin P. Gifford, D.D. . . 584

Address — Judge Alton B. Parker 590

Resolutions 591

Executive Committee 599

Committee of Arrangements 600

Pacific Coast Committee 601

Index of Delegates 602

Index of Scripture Texts 607

INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

AiNSLiE, Eev. Peter, D.D 154

Baines -Griffiths, Rev. David, A.M. (Harvard) 370

BowLBY, Rev. Harry L 320

Brush, Geo. W., M.D 370

BuCKHAM, Rev. John W., D.D 370

Burke, Rev. John J., C.S.P., S.T.D 370

Chalfant, Rev. Chas. L., D.D. '. . . 146

Clarke, Most Rev. Henry Lowther, D.D., Bishop of Melbourne . . 216

Crichton, Powell, Esq. . 480

Davison, Rev. J. B. . 422

Deluz, Rev. Elie 540

Dickie, Geo. W 216

Drachman, Rabbi Bernard , . 480

Duke of Connaught, Governor-General of Canada,

(Facing portrait of President Wilson) 593

Gamble, Rev. Samuel W., D.D 48

GiES, Wm. J., Ph.D 4

Gifford, Rev. Orrin P., D.D 540

Gilman, Theodore 154

Grannis, Rev. Geo. W., D.D 320

Gulick, Rev. Sidney L., D.D 22

Hamilton, Grant 422

Hubbell, Rev. Wm. S., D.D 4

Hughes, Rev. E. H., D.D 146

Hull, Mrs. Robt. Bruce 332

Hyde, E. Francis 4

Hykes, Rev. John R., D.D 540

Irwin, Rev. Robt 540

Jackson, Rev. Alexander, D.D 48

Kemp, Mrs. Jennie M 332

Kinchen, Rev. E. W 216

Kneeland, Rev. Martin D., D.D 422

xiii xiv INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

KuYPER, Abraham, D.D., LL.D 48

Landon, Rev. Warren H., D.D 22

Leiper, Rev. J. H 370

Logan, Maurice S 48

Macfarland, Rev. Chas. S., Ph.D 480

McMillan, Rev. Duncan J., D.D 154

McRae, Bruce 320

Martin, E. G., M.D 154

Minton, Rev. Henry Collin, D.D., LL.D 320

Moss, Hon. Frank 422

Municipal Auditorium, Oakland, Cal 16

Murray, Rev. Andrew, D.D 216

Nichols, Rt. Rev. Wm. F., D.D 22

O'Brien, Hon. Florence J 146

Oliver, Miss Olive 332

OsBURN, Chas. K 48

Ottley, Canon H. Bickersteth 216

Parker, Hon. Alton B Frontispiece

Parsons, Rev. Edw. L., D.D 22

Prime, Gen. Ralph E 4

Remensnyder, Rev. Junius B., D.D., LL.D 370

Rochester, Rev. Wm. M., D.D 320

Strong, Rev. Josiah, D.D., LL.D 480

SwAETZ, Rev. Wm. P., Ph.D 4

Thwing, Rev. Chas. F., D.D., LL.D 154

Trumpet Quartette 246

Tufts, Rev. Geo. L., Ph.D 146

Van Allen, Rev. Wm. Harman, S.T.D 540

Warfield, Rev. Benjamin B., D.D., LL.D 48

Weir, Thomas 540

Wenner, Rev. Geo. U., D.D 422

WiCHER, Rev. Edw. A., D.D 146

Wilson, Hon. Wm. B 584

Wilson, President Woodrow,

(Facing portrait of Duke of Connaught) 593

Woolley, Dr. Mary E 332

Wright, Rev. G. Frederick, D.D 154

Wylie, Rev. R. C, D.D 480

ZwEMER, Rev. Samuel M., D.D 216

THE WORLD'S REST DAY

Chapter I

The Fourteenth International Lord's Day Congress, Held in Oakland, California, 1915

In connection with the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, in which were assembled exhibits of the resources of the world and the achievements of mankind, there were scheduled eight hundred and forty-three congresses and conventions, intending, as nearly as possible, to compass all human interests. Prominent among these interests were those which relate to the world's Weekly Rest Day, to which the complex conditions of modern life give increasing importance.

These questions, in varying aspects, have been the subjects of congresses and conferences held in connection with previous expositions, national and international, in Europe and America. Since the latest previous Congress was held, progress has been made, but new conditions and new issues affecting the Sabbath have arisen and are continually arising, which demand serious consideration. To meet these new conditions and issues, the friends of the Sabbath were impressed with the conviction that a general conference or congress was imperatively needed, and that the proposed Exposition, to be held in California, would afford an inviting opportunity. Correspondence was opened early with representative men who had charge of Exposition interests in Washington, and with the men in San Francisco to whom had been committed the management of the Exposition. This correspondence began in January, 1912, and continued until all arrangements were completed.

In this correspondence two objects were aimed at:

first, favorable accommodations for the Congress, and, second, a Sunday-closing clause as a condition of the Government appropriation in aid of the Exposition. The first object was easily attained. Every reasonable encouragement and accommodation were freely offered by the Exposition authorities and the citizens of California. But the second object, though strenuously pursued, proved impossible of attainment. A few paragraphs of the correspondence will give the best history of the development of the Congress.

HISTORY OF THE CONGRESS

January 27, 1912, Dr. Swartz to the Hon. R. E. Connell, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. : ". . . Can you give some information concerning the San Francisco Panama-Pacific Exposition, which is to be held in 1915, especially in so far as any acts of the national Government concerning it may have been taken?"

January 27, 1912, Dr. Swartz to the President of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, Cal. : " . . . May I ask for the favor of the official prospectus of the Exposition, and also make inquiry whether you have considered the holding of a series of International Congresses on important lines of national development and of popular welfare ? If so, have you assigned a place to the question of the Weekly Rest Day ? . . . "

January 30, 1912, Mr. J. Sanford MulHns, Clerk, Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C, to the Hon. R. E. Connell of the House of Representatives: ". . .1 have your letter dated the 29th with enclosure from Dr. Swartz. Replying to the same, I beg to advise that to date the only Act relating to the Panama-Pacific Exposition is the one making San Francisco the city in which it shall be held. ..."

February 1, 1912, Mr. Joseph M. Cummings, Secretary

E. Francis Hyde, Esq. Rev. Williams S. Hubbell, D.D.

Rev. William P. Swartz, Ph.D.

Dr. William J. Gies Gen. Ralph E. Prime to the President of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, to Dr. Swartz: ". . .1 beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of January 27th, and would state that we have not issued what might be called an official prospectus, but I send you under separate cover copies of pamphlets that we have already issued. Our Committee on Congresses has not yet been appointed, but when it is, your lettei will be brought to their attention, and as soon as anything definite is decided we shall be very glad to let you know. ..."

February 6, 1912, Dr. Swartz to Rev. Wm. I. Haven, D.D., Corresponding Secretary of the American Bible Society, New York City : '* . . . Following your request made during our conversation yesterday concerning the Sunday interest of the Panama-Pacific Exposition that I write you a letter that you may present the subject at the Executive Committee meeting of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, I am pleased to say that some days ago I wrote a letter to the Hon. Richard Connell, a friend of mine who is a member of the House of Representatives. ... I have also written to the President of the Exposition at San Francisco, and have asked for a program or a list of the special international conferences which it has proposed to hold in connection with the Exposition.

*'In response to the letter to Mr. Connell, I have received the information that at the extra session last summer, two resolutions were offered appointing a Commission of five members whose duties it should be to represent the Government at the Exposition. These resolutions were both referred to the House Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions, and no action has yet been taken upon them. ..."

February 6, 1912, Dr. Haven to Dr. Swartz: "... I will take the matter up with our Committee at its meeting which is to be held on the 29th of this month and then ask our Secretary to write you as to the action of the Committee. Possibly before that I will have a little conference with you. . . ."

March 11, 1913, Mr. James A. Barr, Manager of the Bureau of Conventions and Societies of the Panama- Pacific International Exposition, to Dr. Swartz: "... After taking charge of the Bureau . . . among the interesting letters that I found was one from you under date of January 27, 1912. In this letter you expressed, both for yourself personally and for the New York Sabbath Committee, a deep interest in the Congresses to be held under the auspices of the Exposition. You also inquired whether or not a place had been assigned to the question of the weekly day of rest.

"Let me say that up to this time no such Congress or Conference has been arranged. We shall be glad to provide a place for it if it can be worked out under the auspices of your Society or of other organizations interested. Under the plan we are following we expect to have a number of national and international Congresses arranged and financed by particular societies. Ten such Congresses have already been worked out in a preliminary way.

"At your convenience, I shall be glad to hear from you further regarding the matter. Should such a Congress or Conference be arranged the Exposition will undertake to provide suitable meeting places without expense. ..."

March 24, 1913, Dr. Swartz to Mr. Barr: ". . . I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of March 11th, which came to hand on the 18th, and in which you request me and the New York Sabbath Committee to take up the matter of a World's Congress on Sunday Rest to be held in connection with the Exposition.

"Your letter was laid before the Sabbath Committee at its regular meeting, which occurred on the afternoon of March 18th, and they appointed a sub-committee to advise with me in regard to the steps which we ought to take in view of your request and appointment. The members of this committee are: Dr. Wm. S. Hubbell, who was for many years the Secretary of the New York Sabbath Committee, and is a gentleman of distinction in both Church and State; E. Francis Hyde, Esq., the Vice-President of the Central Trust Company of New York, one of our great banking institutions, and Eugene A. Philbin, Esq., one of the most prominent members of the New York Bar.

**If it is your pleasure to appoint us a provisional executive committee on Sunday Rest Congress, we will immediately, upon receiving your official appointment, sound the other organizations and Church representatives to see whether they will join in such a Congress, and will request nominations for a general committee or commission of the most representative and official character.

"We will act together with such others as we may associate with us as an executive committee until this general commission is able to organize and designate its officers and sub-committees. As soon as the names of those who should constitute the general committee or commission on this Congress are ascertained, we will transmit them to you. They will be thoroughly representative of all the Sunday organizations and the churches which may be enlisted in arranging for the Congress.

*'I am sending you in this mail a copy of the report of the New York Sabbath Committee, in which reference is made to the Chicago Congress on Sunday Rest, and the method which we pursued at that time. With it, I am also forwarding a copy of the 'Sunday Problem,* which is a report of the Chicago Congress.

"Awaiting your formal appointment, I am, in behalf of the New York Sabbath Committee, ..."

April 4, 1913, Mr. Jas. A. Barr to Dr. Swartz : "Acknowledging receipt of your favor of the 24th ult., let me say that we shall be glad to have a Sunday Rest Congress arranged under the auspices of the New York Sabbath Committee or of other organizations interested.

"In scheduling congresses we are following the general plan carried out by past expositions. All congresses, up to this time, have been promoted and financed by interested societies. We have not, in any case, made any official appointments, feeling that it was best for the various societies to conduct the congresses directly under their own auspices. The bureau has, however, helped in every feasible way in making arrangements.

"As I wrote you, we are ready to provide congresses and organizations with suitable meeting places for all formal sessions that may be held. It will be entirely proper for the New York Sabbath Committee to take the initiative ; get in touch with other organizations and request nominations for a General Committee or Commission to arrange for the Congress. The high character of the sub-committee to act with you gives ample promise of a great Congress.

"Assuring you that we shall be glad to assist in every feasible way in this most important matter, ..."

Rev. Edward Thomson, LL.D., Secretary of the Sabbath League of America, wrote under date of May 15, 1913, to the New York Sabbath Committee : "On May 2d James A Barr wrote me that the New York Sabbath Committee had written to them soliciting the opportunity to prepare for such a meeting, in which they trust that this office will co-operate 'with you in the matter should such a Congress be held.' I now write to say that we shall be pleased to co-operate with you, and invite correspondence on the matter."

SUNDAY CLOSING

From the first, vigorous and persistent efforts were made to obtain from Congress a Sunday closing condition of Government appropriation in aid of the Exposition. This is manifest in the following correspondence :

January 27, 1912, Dr. Swartz to the Hon. R. E. Connell. House of Representatives, Washington^ D. C.: ", . ,

It has been the custom at American International Expositions to close the expositions on Sunday in deference to our well-known National practice of Sunday observance. Congress had conditioned its appropriations to a number of expositions upon Sunday closing. ..."

January 30, 1912, Mr. J. Sanford Mullins, Clerk, Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C, to the Hon. R. E. Connell of the House of Representatives: "As no bill for an appropriation for this Exposition has been introduced, I am unable to advise Mr. Swartz whether or not it will be conditioned upon the Exposition closing on Sundays. But it is more than likely that customs prevailing at former American International Expositions will prevail at this one; however, this is only a conjecture. ..."

February 6, 1912, Dr. Swartz to Rev. Wm. I. Haven, D.D., Corresponding Secretary of the American Bible Society, New York City : "... Some days ago I wrote the Hon. Richard E. Connell, a friend of mine who is a member of the House of Representatives, taking up the subject of the relationship of this exposition to the United States Government and asking whether Congress had appointed a committee from its own members, or had before it any bills for appropriation, and whether these bills contained the customary provision that the appropriation should be made subject to the closing of the gates upon Sunday.

"I am keeping watch of this matter and will be glad to keep the Federal Council informed if I may be of any service to them in that direction, and I shall be very glad to have some letter from the Council which I might use in an emergency to stave off appropriations if they are proposed, unless they include the Sunday-closing provision v/hich has prevailed heretofore. If a hearing should be proposed on this subject, the Chairman of your Committee on Sabbath Observance ought to attend and speak for the Churches represented in the Council.

"This will give you the information you have desired, and I will be glad of any letter which the Council may care to give to be used as indicated above. ..."

February 6, 1912, Dr. Haven replied to Dr. Swartz: ". . .1 thank you very much for your favor of the 6th of February, and I will take the matter up with our Committee at its meeting which is to be held on the 29th of this month."

January 24, 1913, Rev. Wilbur F. Crafts, Ph.D., of the International Reform Bureau, of Washington, D. C, to Dr. Hubbell : "... I wish to inform the leaders of the Sunday Rest movement that a bill has been introduced in Congress appropriating two millions of dollars, nominally for the Government exhibit at the Panama Exposition. . . . The Government does not usually spend more than a quarter of a million on its exhibits at expositions, and when the appropriation rises to the dimensions of millions, it is suitable that we should ask the usual condition be attached to such appropriation, that the gates shall be closed on Sunday, following the precedent established at the Centennial, at St. Louis, and at Jamestown.

"We hope therefore that the Secretary of the Sabbath associations will at once send a letter on this subject, writing to Hon. J. Thos. Heflin, Chairman of the House Committee on Industrial Art and Exhibitions, who is greatly interested in Sabbath observance and Hkely to take an active interest in the matter. A letter should also be written to the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Industrial Arts, Hon. Elihu Root, who is hkely to give great weight to the long line of precedents in favor of Sunday closing, not only of the Government exhibit itself, but of the entire exposition whenever the Government gives any considerable aid. ..."

February 7, 1913, Dr. Swartz to Dr. Crafts: "... Your favor of the 6th inst., to Dr. Hubbell, my predecessor, has been handed to me by him.

"I have been expecting that some such appropriation for the Panama Fair would be asked. On the 27th of January, 1912, I wrote to the Hon. R. E. Connell, a member of the House, who was also a friend and neighbor of mine. Through his inquiry, I learned directly from the Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions that there had as yet been no appropriation made for the Panama Fair. Mr. Connell promised to keep watch of the matter for us and inform us of any movement. I learned some three or four months ago of Mr. Connell's death.

*'We will take action on the matter, as per your letter, and will co-operate with the International Reform Bureau in any way to secure the end contemplated. ..."

February 12, 1912, Dr. Crafts to Dr. Swartz: "... As to the Sunday closing : The bill came up last Wednesday and the afternoon was spent in debate, but they did not reach the point of amendments, otherwise Mr. Ames would have introduced the St. Louis-Jamestown amendment, of which I probably sent you a copy. The bill is likely to come up on the next full calendar Wednesday, the 19th. I suggest that you send a duplicate letter with reference to the precedents in this matter to all members of the New York delegation in the House, and if the bill should pass the House, where it must pass first as an appropriation bill, you would then, of course, want to get busy on the Senators. Dr. Atterbury of your Committee gave great attention to this matter, and you will doubtless find in your files some interesting letters which he has written, giving numerous precedents in regard to Government action, but really the sufficient precedent for practical use is the action of Congress in the case of St. Louis and Jamestown. ..."

February 19, 1913, Drs. Swartz and Hubbell to Congressman F. W. Sims, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. : *' . . . The New York Sabbath Committee, whose names appear on this letterhead, respectfully urges you in reference to the appropriation of Two Million Dollars for the Panama Fair, ostensibly for a Government exhibit, but apparently by reason of its large amount to aid the Fair itself, for you to introduce and push an amendment providing that it shall be a condition precedent to the payment of any and all appropriations made by Amendment House of Representatives No. 27876 'that the Panama-Pacific International Exposition Company shall contract with the Secretary of the Treasury to keep the gates closed on Sundays during the entire period of the Exposition.' ..."

March 31, 1913, John E. Parsons, Esq., Acting Chairman of the New York Sabbath Committee, and Drs. Swartz and Hubbell, to Hon. Wm. J. Bryan, Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. : " . ; . In behalf of a very large number of our fellow citizens, we respectfully ask that the representatives of our Government at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, to be held in San Francisco in 1915, be instructed in their official capacity to pay that respect to the observance of Sunday which is paid by our National and State Governments, and which is in accordance with the customs and laws of the American people, by the closing of their Bureaus and Exhibits, and by the suspension of official business on Sunday.

''For precedents in the action thus asked, permit us to refer to the instructions given by the Department of State to the representatives of this Government at the International Expositions at Paris in 1878, 1881, 1889, 1900, and also to the action of the Government in reference to its exhibits at the Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha. The other principal American Expositions were entirely closed on Sunday by action of Congress in connection with the appropriations made for them.

"This whole question of Sunday rest is receiving renewed emphasis; not so much possibly because of any greater respect for the conscientious convictions of the Christian people, for the Government has uniformly shown this consideration from the beginning of our history, but especially now because also of the industrial and social importance of a day of rest, and because of the conviction that such a rest day with the privileges of worship is essential to the formation of that high personal character and of that morality which are fundamental to the welfare and prosperity of a democracy.

"America has consistently adhered to these principles, and has thus become an example of the new liberty to the world, from which honorable position we trust our Government will not recede by any other course at San Francisco.

"We are directed to sign this memorial in behalf of the New York Sabbath Committee, and beg to remain, ..."

Conference of Sabbath Societies

Following this correspondence Dr. Swartz conferred with the various Sabbath and Reform Organizations both in Europe and America, in regard to the advisability of holding such a Congress. On December 13, 1913, Dr. Swartz addressed letters to all the organizations inviting them to a conference to be held on January 22, 1914, in the Managers' Room of the Bible House, New York City, and requesting each organization to send a representative. The meeting was held on the day mentioned. There were present :

Rev. H. C. Minton, D.D., of the National Reform Association ;

Rev. Wilbur F. Crafts, Ph.D., of the International Reform Bureau ;

Rev. Martin D. Kneeland, D.D., of the Lord's Day League of New England ;

Rev. T. T. Mutchler, D.D., of the Lord's Day Alliance of Pennsylvania ;

Rev. Wm. M. Rochester, D.D., of the Lord's Day Alhance of Canada ;

Rev. H. L. Bowlby, of the Lord's Day Alliance of the United States ;