The pictorial history of the American revolution; with a sketch of the early history of the country

Front matter

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N IWsYI

Preface

No portion of the woild's history can be more interesting to the present generation, than that recorded in this volume ; and although of comparatively recent occurrence, it has acquired by neglect much of the freshness and fascination of novelty. The American Revolution is aa event calculated to exercise a great influence on the present and future destinies of other nations.

To write an authentic " History of the American Revolution," is no light, irresponsible task. We have endeavored to be impartial, and to be careful that no fact should be distorted, or receive a false coloring. Where, as is frequently the case, a considerable difference exists between various authorities, we have endeavored to exercise an unbiased judgment, and to adopt that statement which appeared on the whole, most consistent with Truth. The great principles of civil and religious freedom, the contest for which, in America, aroused the slumbering nations of Europe, can not fail engaging our ardent admiration ; and every Friend of Human Rights, at the present day, can have no hesitation in adopting the words of the immortal Chatiiaji, " I rejoice that they have resisted." At this moment, the whole English nation, which then, with a few honorable exceptions, was willing to aid her rulers in trampling on the necks of her transatlantic sons, is now sealing her approval of the principles which actuated American Patriots, by her own efforts to establish the truth, that " Taxation, without representation, is tyranny."

In the preparation of a volume like the present, however, it is impossible to give universal satisfaction. Is it not enough that our fathers suffered, without the strife being bequeathed, as an heirloom, to their children? Wisdom suffers antipathies to die with the generation which has fostered them ; and we believe that, were it not for the noxious influence of a portion of the periodical press, both in America and England, the only rivalry between the two greatest countries on the face of the globe would be, in the knowledge and practice of those principles of moral and political science, which are adapted to promote the happiness and welfare of mankind at large. History requires a distant eminence, from which to take an impartial view of the character and transactions of the recording pen : but little more than half a century has now elapsed since the Colonists first asserted their independence ; and the generation, whose arduous struggles achieved so important a result, has passed away to the silent tomb. To give a just and impartial view of the rise, progress, and establishment of the American Republic, has been the design of the work. The editor has aimed to do justice without asperity ; to applaud patriotism, but not to justify its excesses ; to condemn tyranny, but not to overlook the virtues of many of its instruments ; and to exhibit the kindly prospect of the future, more strongly than the irritating aspect of the past.

The study of History can not be appreciated too highly ; it tells to the youth of our country a story full of wisdom, and replete with many a moral — it shows the influence and success of honor and virtue — that vice and dishonor go hand in hand together ; and it excites them to noble deeds of patriotism, and calls upon them to do all, and suffer all, for their country.

To the Youth of America, especially, the present Narrative is invaluable. It tells the price at which all their present rights were purchased — it teaches them their incomparable value ; and thus renders those in whose hands the destinies of America are hereafter to be intrusted, alive to every encroachment upon them. It relates to a country of greater extent, resources, and beauty, than is possessed by any other single nation under heaven ; and to a people, of recent origin indeed, but developing immense powers, and making gigantic progress ; to a people abnve all others interesting to the nations of Europe — presenting a refuge for their distressed children — exhibiting a noble example for their imitation ; and as exercising no feeble influence on their destiny.

It is not, however, for Youth, alone, that this volunie has been prepared. It has been written for ALL — for every age. To mankind at large the subject can not fail to be interesting; and if the preparation of these pages has been executed with a competent measure of industry, candor, and carefulness, they can scarcely fail of being valuable. These the editor has endeavored to exercise, and he hopes not altogether without success. B. S.

New York, May 1, 1845.

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

Introduction

EARLY HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES.

A.D. Page.

98(5-1015. Discoveries by the Ancient Northmen —

Biarne Hierulfson's Voyage in 986 . . . 11

Discoveries of Leif Ericson in 1000 . . 12 Thorwald's Expedition, and Battle with the

Skrellings (Esquimaux) . . . .13 Settlement in Vineland, by Thorfinn Karlseine 14

Voyage of Freydisa, Helge, and Finnebaye . 14

Ancient Relics discovered in New England 15

1492. Christopher Columbus sails in Search of a New World 19

Mutiny on board his Vessel, and first Discovery of Land 20

1493. Columbus' second Voyage ... 26 149S. Columbus' third Voyage . . . .26 1506. Death of Columbus, May 15th . . . 26 1497-1525. Voyages of Sebastian Cabot . . 28 1499-1514. Voyages of Americus Vespuccius . 28 1525-1542. Career of Hernando de Soto in America 29

1525. Discoveries of Giovanni Verazzano . 35 1562. Voyage of John Ribault . . . .38 1564. Sir Walter Raleigh sends two Ships to

America 42

Their Adventures with the Natives . . 43

1585. Raleigh sends another Fleet to America 45 Ralph Lane appointed Governor of Virginia . 45

1586. Colony breaks up and returns to England 4" 1615. Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded ... 51

1606. Colony sent to America by James I. . .52

1607. Settlement of Jamestown . ... 54 Difficulties with the Natives . . . .56 Life of John Smith saved by Pocahontas . 58 Arrival of Newport with a fresh Colony . 61

1633. Colony of Maryland settled by Lord Baltimore 65

1620. First successful Effort to colonize New

England 68

Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth . 69 1625. Colony established near Cape Anne . . 72 1630. Fifteen Hundred Settlers sail from England 74

Hostilities commence with the Natives . . 75

Defeat and Death of King Philip . . 77

1609. Voyages of Henry Hudson . . . .78

1629. Settlement of Delaware .... 81

1646. Peter Stuyvesant appointed Governor of

New Netherlands 82

1664. Dutch Possessions surrendered to the English 64

1680. William Penn obtains a Grant of Lands in

America 86

1683. Penn forms a Treaty with the Indians . 87

1684-1718. Ilis Difficulties with the Settlers . 89 1663. Liberal Grants by Charles II. of Territory

south of Virginia 93

1665. Constitution for Colony of Carolina formed 94 1693. Constitution annulled - .... 96 1702. Attack on St. Augustine .... 96

War with the Indians . . : . . 98

Internal Commotions gg

A.D.

Paoz

100 100 101

loa

1729. Colony reverts to the Crown

Separation of North and South Carolina 1732. Settlement of Georgia .... 1738. Spanish War breaks out .

1752. Georgia becomes a royal Colony . . . 103 Early Life of George Washington . . 105

1753. His Mission to the Western Territory . . 106

1754. Plans for a Union of the Colonies . . 106

1755. Expedition and Defeat of Gen. Braddock . 109

1756. Success of the French under Montcalm . Ill

1757. Vigorous Measures of William Pitt . .112

1758. Cession of Canada by France . . . 112 1763. Progress of the Colonies in Population,

Commerce, &c 113

HISTORY OF THE REVOLUTION.

CHAPTER I. Introductory Remarks US

1765. Stamp Act passed 117

1766. Meeting of the first Congress . . . 117

Tumults in the Colonies 119

Repeal of the Stamp Act .... 120

1767. New Taxes imposed 121

Fresh Troubles in consequence . . . 122

1768. Non Importation Agreement . . . 123

1769. Intemperance of the British Parliament . 123

1770. (22dof April) Duties repealed: (5th March)

Boston Massacre 124

Captain Preston tried and acquitted . . 124

1772. (ythof June). The Caspar Schooner burned 128 (January). Assembly at Boston ; Indiscretion of the Governor 128

CHAPTER H.

1772. (16th of December). Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor 129

1774. The Boston Port Bill 130

Arrival of Troops at Boston .... 133 (25th of August) Writs issued for an Assembly at Salem ; (9th of September) countermanded, but meets and resolves itself into a Provincial Congress . . . 133

General Gage fortifies Boston Neck . . 133

Sufl^olk Resolutions 134

Proceedings of Congress .... 135 They publish a Declaration of Rights . . 135 Petition from Congress to the King . . 136 (26th of October). Dissolution of Congress 136 Meeting of the Provincial Congress at Concord ; they adjourn to Cambridge . . 131

Engage Minute Men 137

A Committee of Safety and Supplies . . 137 Hostile Resolution of the Provincial Congress 138 Exportation of the Military Stores from Britain prohibited ; Cannon removed by the People of Rhode Island .... 138 Military Stores taken in New Hampshire . 138

1775. General Agitation 138

Debates on American Aflfairs in Parliament 139

Provincial Congress 139

Colonel Leslie marches to Salem . ' . 139

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

A.D. Paoe.

1775. (19tliApril).BattIeofLexington and Concord 140 Importance of the War .... 142 Inequality of tlie Parties engaged . . . 142

Colonial Army 143

Bravery of General Putnam .... 143 New York, Now Jersey, Philadelphia, Maryland, and Virginia, espouse the Cause of

their Countrymen 146

Lord Dunmore convenes the Assembly . . 147

Goes on board the Fowey Man-of-War . 147

Provincial Convention 148

Lord Dunmore's predatory Warfare . . 148

Issues a Proclamation 148

Captain Fordyce killed .... 148

1776. (1st January). Norfolk burned . . . 149 John Connelly's Plot frustrated . . . 149

1775. Proceedings in South Carolina . . . 149

Arrival of Lord William Campbell . . 150

Georgia joins the Union . . . . 150

Chapter III

1774. New Parliament

1775. Joint Address of both Houses

Ticonderoga surprised

Congress meets ....

Second Petition to the King

Warlike Preparations

(15th of June). George Washington chosen

Commander-in-Chief ....

His Address to the President of Congress .

Irregularity of the American Army Generals Howe, Burgoyne, and Clinton, ar

rive at Boston

(17th June). Battle of Bunker's Hill Death of General Warren ....

Treatment of Prisoners ; Discussions respect

ing them

Skirmishes

Scarcity of Provisions in Boston .

Danger of short Enlistments

The Royal Cruisers carry on a predatory War

fare against Inhabitants on the Coast of

New England

Privateers

Military Transport gallantly captured by

Isaiah Doane

Canada invaded by the Americans

Fort St. John taken

General Carleton defeated on his Way from

Montreal

General Prescott taken ....

General Montgomery marches against Que

bee ; joined by Arnold Attacks Quebec ; is killed, and his Troops re

pulsed

Arnold wounded

Honorable Conduct of Sir Guy Carleton Arnold resumes the Siege of Quebec ; is un

successful ; defeats a Body of Canadians Major-General Thomas arrives ; retreats ;

dies

Succeeded in Command by General Sullivan Surrender of the Cedars ....

Arnold marches toward the Cedars ; signs

the Cartel and retires

An increased British Force in Canada General Sullivan retreats, and is pursued .

Retreat of General Arnold ....

General Carleton advances to the Lakes ;

constructs a Fleet

(October). Battle of Lake Champlam .

General Carleton retires to Isle aux Nois . (6th July). Declaration of Congress . (8th July). Their second Petition to the King

transmitted to Richard Penn, who sails for

England

A Postoffice established ; Benjamin Franklin

elected Postmaster-General .

Chapter IV

AD. Pagb.

1775. Committee appointed to correspond with their Friends in Britain and Ireland . . 175

Ships-of-War 175

The Colonies make active Preparations for War 175

1776. Armies of Boston 175

Dorchester Heights 175

(ITth March). Boston evacuated . . 177 General Washington enters Boston ; Enthusiasm of the People . ' . . . . 177

General Howe sails for Halifax . . . 177 Several British Ships and Transports, with Lieutenant- Colonel Campbell, taken by some American Privateers .... 177 General Washington marches to New York 180 Affair of the Cunninghams .... 180 Major Williamson marches against them . 180 Province forms a temporary Government . 180 Situation of Charleston .... 180

British Reinforcements 183

Proclamation of Government . . .183

Fort Sullivan attacked 183

The British repulsed with great Loss . 184 Indians attack the Western Frontiers of the

Southern States 186

Moses Kirkland's Plot 186

Change in the Sentiments of the People and

Congress 188

(4th of July). The Declaration of Independence 190

Effect upon the general Aspect of the Contest .190

Chapter V

1776. Preparations of General Washington at

General Howe lands at Staten Island with a

formidable Force 190

190 194 197 199

775. Congress adjourns ; (5th September) they

rejissemble 174

British Interest in New York . . . 174 Convention of New Hampshire . . 175

Correspondence with Commissioners (28th of August). Battle of Long Island Defeat and Retreat of the Americans Committee of Congress meet Lord Howe (13lh of September). The British take Pos

session of New York , . . . (21st of September). Destructive Fire in New

York

(26th of October). Battle of Bronx

(I5th of November). Forts Washington and

Lee taken 202

Advance of Lord Cornwallis, and Retreat of

Gen. Washington to Brunswick . . 203 (8th of December). General Washington

passes the Delaware 203

(13th of December). Gen. Lee made Prisoner 204 Depression of the Americans .... 204

Rhode Island taken 204

Dejection of the Americans .... 204 (30tli of November). Proclamation of Lord

(I2rli of December). Congress quits Philadelphia 205

Short Enlistments 205

New Army raised 205

Commissioners sent to different Courts of

Europe 207

Appeal of Congress to all the Provinces of

the Union 207

Failure of Mr. Edmund Burke's Conciliatory

Bill 208

CHAPTER VL

1776. (26th of December). Attack on Trenton . 209 Success of the Americans . . . .211

1777. (2d of January). Battle of Princeton . . 213 Death of General Mercer .... 213 Americans at Morristown .... 217 General Washington's desultory and indecisive Warfare in the Jerseys . . . 217

Rival Proclamations 217

Prisoners of War 219

Captivity of General Lee .... 219 Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union

between the States 221

Committee of the States .... 222 (15th of November). Confederation ratified 282

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

Chapter VII

AD. Page. 1777. Finnnces of Congress . . 223 Supineiiesi of the People . 223 War popular in Bntain . 224 West Indies .... . 221 Partiality of the French for the Americans . 224 Loyalists in the I'roviiices .... 224 Opening of tlie Campaign ; predatory Incursions 224

(23d of March). Stores at Peekskill destroyed 225 (I3th of April). Earl Cornwallis attacks General Lincoln 225

(27l,h of Aprili. Major-General Tryon's Expedition against Daiibury 226

Death of General VVooster .... 220 (8th of May). Piscataway atlaoked . . 227

Sag Harbor 227

(Kith of July). General Prescott taken . . 227 Movement of both Armies .... 227 (2tilli of June). General Howe advances rapidly from Amboy; embarks and sails for

the southward 228

(24th of August). General Howe lands at the

Head of Elk River 231

(1 1th of September). Dattle of Brandywine . 2:<l Marquis de la Fayette wounded . . . 232

Wilmington surprised 232

British enter Philadelphia .... 234 (8th of October). British Fleet enters the

Delaware 234

(4th of October). Battle of Germantown . 234

Fort Miliiin 235

Unsuccessful Attack on Redbank ; Death of

Count Uonop 235

(15th of November). Attack on Fort Mifflin . 236

Redbank evacuated 236

The Delaware opened 236

General Washington quits White Church and takes Post at Valley Forge . . . 236

Northern Campaign 237

General Gates in the North . . . 237 General Burgoyne commands the British Army in Canada 238

Detaches Colonel St. Leger . . . 238 Meets the Savages ; takes Possession of

Mount Hope 24(1

(6lh of July). Retreat of General St. Clair . 241 Is pursued by General Eraser . . . 241 Skirmish between Colonel Long and Colonel Hill ; the Americans set Fire to the Works at Fort Ann, and retreat to Fort Edward . 243 General Burgoyne takes Possession of Ticonderoga and Mount Independence . . 243

CHAPTER VIIL

1777. War of Proclamation 246

(30th nf July). General Burgoyne readies Fort

Edward 248

Retreat of General Schuyler . . . 248

Events at Bennington 24'J

(3d of August). Fort Stanwix invested by St.

Leger 250

Defeat of General Herkimer ... - 250 (22d of August). St. Leger raises the Siege of

Stanwix, and retires to Montreal . . 251 (19ih of August). General Gates takes the

Command of the American Army . . 252 (30th of August). Correspondence between

General Gates and the British General . 252

Murder of Miss M'Crea 252

(liith of September). Battle of Stillwater and

Saratoga 254

Engagement between General Burgoyne and

the Americans 256

(5th of October). Sir Henry Clinton's Movements 262

Fort Montgomery taken ; Colonel Campbell

slain 262

Fort Clinton stormed 264

American Vessels of War burned by their

Crews 264

Forts Independence and Constitution evac-

iiated 264

The British advance to Esopus, wliich they

reduce to Ashes .... 264

AD. Pacm

1777. (16th of October). Geneal Bi>-goyne capitulates ; Results of the Capitulation • . 264

Conseciuences of the Convention of Saratoga 265

Treaty with France 265

(2(ith of November). British Parliament meets 266 Commissioners appointed to treat with the Colonies : they sail fur America . . 206

1778. (Gth of February). Treaty with France signed at Paris 267

News of that Treaty reaches England . 267 Lord North's Conciliatory Bill reaches America before the News of the French Treaty 267 British Army in Philadelphia .... 268 American Army at Valley Forge ; Want of

Provisions 269

Colonel Mawhood's Incursion into Jersey . 270 (4th of Mav). General Lacy escapes from

Crooked Billet 270

(7lh of May). American Galleys in the Delaware destroyed 270

La Fayette escapes from Baron Hill . . 271 (14th of April). Sir William Howe resigns the

Command 272

Sir Henry Clinton appointed Commander-in- Chief of the British Army . . .272 (18th of June). Evacuation of Philadelphia . 273 ■)'he Americans enter that city . . . 273 (28th of June). Battle of Freehold Courthouse 274 General Lee tried by a Court-Martial, and

suspended 275

His Character 275

His Death (October, 1782) . . . .276 The British Army arrives at New York . 276 Gen. Washington marches to the North River 276 (5th of .l-uly). Count d'Estaing arrives on the

Coast of America 276

(29dofJuly). Sails for Rhode Island; Lord

Howe follows him 276

Both Fleets put to Sea ; separated by a violent Storm 277

Which overtakes Sullivan's Army . . 280 Americans march against the British Lines . 280 (19th of August). D'Estaing comes to Rhode Island, but sails for Boston . . . 280

Chapter IX

1778. (28th of August). General Sullivan escapes 280 (2Tth of September). Colonel Baylor surprised ; wounded and made Prisoner . . 283

Captain Donup defeated .... 283 Little Egg Harbor attacked .... 283 Pulaski's Legion defeated .... 284 (9tli of June). Admiral Byron sails from England ; overtaken by a Storm ; his Fleet dispersed : (September) arrives at New York ; sails for Boston ; a Second Time overtaken by a Storm 284

(3d of November). D'Estaing sails for the

West Indies 284

Indian War 285

Wyoming destroyed and the People murdered 267 Fort Kingston invested; and the Inhabitants

perish in one general Conllagration . 287 Destiuction of Wilkesbarre .... 287 Cherry Va ley attacked .... 288 Mrs. Merrill's Defeat of the Indians . .288 Col. George Rogers Clarke takes Kaskasias 290

1779. (February). Surprises St. Vincent, and compels Governor Hamilton to surrender . 290

Irregular Hostilities in Georgia . . . 291 ('olonel Campbell invades that State . . 291

Battle of Savannah 293

Defeat of the American General Howe . 293 Arrival of Geneial Prevost . . . .294

Surrender of Sunbury 294

General Lincoln appointed to command the

Southern Army 294

Savannah River 295

Boyd's Loyalists defeated .... 295 Colonel Campbell abandons Augusta, and returns to Savannah 295

Ashe defeated at Brier Creek . . , 296

(23d of April). Lincoln inarches up the Savannah .... '. S9f

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

A.P. Page.

1779. (29th of April). Gen. Prevost enters South Carolina 298

Marches to Charleston 298

(10th of May). Arrives at Ashley Ferry . 299 (12th of May). Summons Charleston to surrender 299

The British Army retires, and recrosses Ashley Ferry 299

General Prevost retreats to John's Island, and

is followed by General Lincoln . . . 299 (20th of June). Engagement at Stony Ferry 300

Slaves revolt 301

(8th of May). Incursion into Virginia . . 301 Stony Point and Verplank's taken . . . 304 Sir Henry Clinton returns to New York , 304 Coast of Connecticut ravaged . . . 304 (15th of July). Stony Point retaken . . 3(i6

Evacuated 307

Sir Henry Clinton takes Possession of it . 307

Penobscot attacked 307

Admiral Arbuthnot supersedes Sir George

Collier 308

(20th of August). Major Lee attacks Powle's

Hook ; he retreats 308

War on the Six Nations, and the Southern

Indians 309

(22d of August). Sullivan attacks the Indian

tribes 310

He resigns his Commission . . . 310 (23d of December). D'Estaing and the Americans besiege Savaimah .... 310 They attempt to storm the Town . . 312

Are repulsed 312

Effects of the Repulse ; ingenious Enterprise of Colonel Wlnte during the Siege of Savannah 313

Weakness of the Southern States , . . 315 (26th of December). Sir Henry Clinton sails from New Yiirk 315

1780. (llth of February). Lands on John's Island 317 (9th of April). Siege of Charleston . . 319 (12th of May). It surrenders .... 322 Proceedings of Sir Henry Clinton . . 3'22 Colonel Bufoid surprised and defeated . . 323 (3d of June). Sir Henry Clinton's Proclamation 323

(5th of June). He returns to New York, leav-

Lord Cornwallis to command in the South 321 Board of Police established in Charleston . 325 Rigorous Measures ; Baron de Kalb proceeds

Southward 327

Colonel Sumpler makes an Irruption into

South Carolina 327

General Gates appointed tu command the

Southern Army 328

(13th of August). Arrives at Rugely's .Mills . 328 Lord Cornwallis repairs to Camden . . 329 Defeat of the Americans near Camden, and

Death of Baron de Kalb . . . .330 Colonel Sumpter surprised and defeated near

Catawba Ford 3J1

Chapter X

1779. Naval Operations of John Paul Jones . . 331

Capture of the Seiapis 336

Loss of the Bon Homme Richard . . . 338

Capture of the Countess of Scarborough . 338

Effects of these Naval Victories . . . 339

Chapter XI

780. Difficulties of General Washington . . 339 Intense Frost in New York .... 339 (Hth of January). Attack on Staten Island ;

the Americans repulsed .... 340 Embarrassments of Congress . . . 340 Mutinous State ol the American Army . . 341 General Knyphausen invades Jersey . . 341 Destruction of Connecticut Farms . . 341 Murder of Mrs. Caldwell .... 342 (18th of June). Sir Henry Clinton returns to

(23d) Skirmish at Springfield . . .342 Evacuation of the Jerseys .... 313 GeneraJ Wayne attacks Bergen Point . 343

AD. Page.

1780. General La Fayette lands at Boston ; his

Reception 343

Patriotic Exertions in Philadelphia . . 344

(10th of July). French Fleet, with Troops, arrives in America . . . . . 344

Sir Henry Clinton proceeds against Rhode Island 344

Recalled by the Advance of General Washington against New York .... 344

Discontent of the American Troops . .344

1779. Treason of Arnold . . . . 345 Major Andre's Case . . ... 347 (22d of September). His Capture . . 348

His Trial and Execution 349

(21st of November). Major Talmadge's desultory Warfare 350

Cartel 350

1780. Proceediiigs of Lord Cornwallis after the Battle of Camden . . . . 351

He takes Possession of Charleston . . 351 Colonel Clarke attacks the British at Augusta 353 Besieges Colonel Brown at Garden Hill . 352

Colonel Clarke retreats 352

Depredations committed by Col. Ferguson 352 Retreats toward Charleston, and is pursued

by the Americans 352

(7th of October). He is defeated and killed on

King's Mountain 354

Earl Cornwallis retreats toward South Car^'"^— • — olina ; {29th October) reaches Wynnesbo-

rough 355

Ameijcans assemble at Charlotte . . 355 General Gales retreats to Salisbury and Hillsborough 356

Returns to Charlotte .... 356 Superseded in the Command of the Southern Army by General Greene . . . 356 General Greene takes a British Post at Clermont 356

His embarrassing Situation .... 357 Correspondence with Earl Cornwallis . 357 (27th of December). Col. Washington surprises a Cody of Loyalists at Ninety Six . 358 (12th of November). Sumpter attacked at Broad River by Major Wemyss, whom he

takes Prisoner 358

(20th of November). Attacked by Tarleton at

Black Stocks and wounded .... 358 General Marion 358

1781. (Hth of January). General Tarleton i vert;ikes Morgan 359

(17th of January). Battle of Cowpens . 300

Tarleton routed 360

Loss of the British . • . . . 3fil Earl Cornwallis forms a Junction with Colonel Leslie 361

{19th of January). Begins his remarkable Pursuit of Morgan 361

(2Sth). Morgan escapes 361

Americans pursued :^63

Their Two Divisions form a Junction . . 363 (Uth of February). They cross the Dan . 364 Earl Cornwallis marches back to Hillsborough 361

(22d of February). The Americans recross

the Dan 365

{25th of Feb.). Pyle's Loyalists defeated . 365 {27tli of Feb.). Retreat of Earl Cornwallis,

and Advance of General Greene . . 36r Rencontre between Lee and Tarleton . 361

Battle of Guilford Courthouse . . .367 Consequences of the Victory .... 368

Chapter XII

1781. {17th of April). Earl Cornwallis retires to

Wilmington 370

General (Jreene pursues Earl Cornwallis . 370 Proceeds to South Carolina . . . 370 Generals Lee and Marion attack FortWatson 372 The Garrison capitulates .... 372

Situation of Camden 372

Battle of Hobkerk's Hill 373

(7th of May). Colonel Watson reaches Cam

den, which is evacuated .... 374 (10th of May). Bri'ish Post taken . .374 a

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.

A.D. Paoe.

1781. Lord Rawdon retires to Monk's Corner . 3i4

{5lh of June). Augusta taken . . .375

(22dofMay). Ninety Six bcsjeged . . . 370

Siege raised 378

Greene retreats, and is pursued by Lord Rawdon 378

Ninety Six evacuated 378

Both Armies return to Congaree . . . 378 Gen. Greene joined by Marion and Suinpter 378 Marches to the high Hills of Santee . . 379 Lord Rawdon embarks for Europe, leaving tlie Command with Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart 379

(22d of August). General Greene leaves tlie

% high Hills of Santee 379

(8th of September). Battle of Eutaw Springs 380 Great Loss on both Sides .... 380

Tories and Whigs 381

(4lh of August). Execution of Col. Haynes . 381 General Pickens's Expedition against the Cherokees 382

CHAPTER Xin.

1781. Review of the general Condition of America at the beginning of the Year 1781 . . 382 Mutiny of the Pennsylvania and Jersey

Troops 383

Sir Henry Clinton endeavors to take Advantage of it 384

Relative Positions of the hostile Armies on the Hudson. . . ... 385

British and French Fleets meet off the Chesapeake 385

Chesapeake Bay 386

General Leslie invades Virginia . . . 386 Gen. Arnold lands at Westover ; enters Richmond, where he commits great Destruction 387

Returns to Westover 387

Gen. Philips takes the Command in Virginia . 388 Baron Steuben, unable to resist the Invaders,

retreats toward Richmond . . . 388 (30th of April). Generals Philips and Arnold reunite their Forces, and march against

Manchester 388

De la Fayette takes the Command in Virginia 389 Death of General Philips .... 389 (20th of May). Cornwallis enters Virginia . 389

Pursues La Fayette 390

Sends Tailcton against Charlotteville . . 390 And Simcoe against Steuben . . . 391 (7th of June). La Fayette joined by General Wayne at Rackoon, and returns Southward 391

Save the Stores of Albemarle Courthouse . 391 Cornwallis returns down the River . . 391 Adventure of Charles Morgan . . , 392 (6th of July). Skirmish at James River . 394 Earl Cornwallis evacuates Portsmouth . 394

A.D. Page.

1781. Occupies YorKtown and Gloucester Point 394

French Donation 394

Interview ijetween Generals Washington and

Rochambeau 394

The French and American Annies . . . 394 They advance to Kingsbridge, and retire . 396 Count de Grasse encounters Samuel Hood in the Straits of St. Lucie . . . .396

Resolutions to attack Cornwallis . . 396 Gen. Heath Defends the Posts on the Hudson 397 (30th of August). The combined American

and French Armies enter Philadelphia . 397 Count de Grasse arrives at Chesapeake Bay 397 Admiral Graves pursues De Grasse . . 398 (6th of September). Arnold attacks New London ... . ... 398

(25th of September.) Allied Armies land at

Williamsburgh 399

(2Sthof Sept.). They march toward Yorktown 399 (fith of October). Siege of Yorktown . . 401 (19ih of October). Earl Cornwallis capitulates ; Terms of Capitulation . . . 405 Examination of his Conduct . . . 407