The constitutions and other select documents illustrative of the history of France, 1789-1907

Preface

The practice of studying documients in connection with the history courses given in American universities, colleges, and high schools has now become so general, and the results attained so satisfactory, that the method no longer requires any defence. With the introduction of the system has come a new kind of manual, the document look. So many excellent books of this description have alreaoy appeared that the editor of still another may be reasonably expected to offer an adequate explanation for its publication.

Three considerations have induced me to prepare this volume. The first of these is personal and local. For several years past I have made a practice of dividing my class in modern European history into small sections which I could meet once each week around the seminary table. At these meetings we have studied together a considerable part of the documents here included, but the work has been hampered by the lack of a convenient collection of the documents. Fidelity to the interest of my pupils seemed to impose upon me the obligation to remove this difficulty. The second consideration lies in the attractiveness of the documents. After considerable experience in the use of various classes of documents upon European history I have reached the conclusion that students find the modern French documents more attractive than any others. Doubtless the chief reasons for this preference are that modern documents are more easily comprehended than those of more remote periods and that the style of the French is superior to that of English and German documents. Since documentary study must usually be confined to a small part of the field traversed by a class, I believe that for classes in modern European history the preference of the students may well be allowed to control the selection of the period to be studied. The third consideration is the importance of the field covered. The history of Fra.nce since the beginning of the revolution surely deserves a volume in English presenting as large a proportion as possible of the important documents.

The task of selecting the documents for a book of this description is a difficult one. It may be safely asserted that no two persons would make the same selections, however well

S'(fi vi PREFACE

agreed they might be upon the general principles of choice. My first and foremost aim has been to pick out those documents likely to be serviceable to teachers. I have especially striven to avoid the error of a too rigid application of some definition of the term document or of some classification. The special reason for the inclusion of most of the documents will be found at least hinted at in the introductions. The more general principles which I have applied require some explanation. There appear to be at least five important ways in which a document-book may be profitably used in the teaching of history, (i) Much historical data can be acquired through such study. It must be admitted, however, that the same amount of time spent upon a good text-book will in this particular usually produce better results, for the reason that the documents studied are so few in number and so disconnected that no adequate idea of any considerable period is obtained. The defect can be remedied in large measure by using a single class of documents running through a considerable period. In modern French history the constitutions serve the purpose admirably. For this reason all of these are included and no elisions have been made, excepting two or three tabular lists of territorial divisions. (2) Documents may be used as the basis for oral or written reports; usually the work should be done in connection with secondary accounts, but the proofs for the principal statements should be drawn from the documents. Many of the groups, with their accompanying references, are inserted for this purpose. It should be observed that these groups usually contain the materials out of which the student should be able to deduce some quite definite result, such as the evolution of a policy or of an institution or the manner in which an institution operated. (3) In the opinion of many teachers the greatest value to be derived from the study of documents is a certain familiarity with the methods of historical investigation. I believe that a large number of the documents here given present unusually good opportunities for exercises designed with that intent. (4) The meaning of technical terms and the significance of constantly recurring allusions can often be more satisfactorily explained in connection with a document than by any other method. None of the selections have been made principally for this reason, but with quite a number it has been an important factor. (5) With many instructors the use of original sources in the teaching of history is valued chiefly for its vitalizing effect. For this

PREFACE vii

purpose documents are perhaps less effective than contemporary narratives. Yet there are many exceptions. Several of the documents .not otherwise of the highest worth have been included for their value in this particular.

Most of the documents in this collection will serve several of these purposes, but the superior value of a document for but one of these is often the decisive reason for its inclusion.

The brevity of the introductions has made it necessary that I should confine myself to pointing out only a very few of the ways in which the documents are of interest. In some cases I regret that the plan has not made possible more extended comment, but in general I believe that as much has been furnished the student as he can profitably receive. He needs to be started, but he should not be told all of the thing's to be obtained from the document. In the furnishing of data I have tried to supply such information as is indispensable for the understanding of the document, provided it is not to be found in the document itself. The references have been purposely confined to a limited number of well known works, all of which are in English or in French. By this method I believe that all students who use the book may be induced to become quite familiar with nearly all of the works in English and, if they read any French, with the few French works cited. To have given more, I fear, would have defeated this purpose.

I am greatly indebted to Mrs. Helen Dresser Fling, to the editors of the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, and to the editors of that admirable series issued by the history department of the University of Pennsylvania, Translation and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, for permission to employ their excellent translation wherever I have had occasion to use a document that has already appeared in their publications. In using these translations, as well as a number of others from noncopyrighted sources, I have made separate acknowledgment in every instance and have reproduced them exactly as printed, excepting some slight typographical errors and a few changes kindly supplied by Mrs. Fling. In my own translations I have striven to be as literal as possible, having a decent regard for the idioms of the English language. Probably I have been more literal than was absolutely requisite, but I have believed that the translator of documents should viii PREFACE

err upon the side of literary form rather than meaning. In the matter of paragraphing I have invariably followed the form of the document as originally printed in French, even when a single sentence is made to run into a dozen paragraphs. As to other features of form, such as punctuation and capitals,, I have been guided by two canons — tO' treat each document separately so as to produce the best result for that particular document, and to follow the originals as closely as English usage would allow.

It is a pleasure to acknowledge help received from several friends in addition to those already mentioned. Professor Willis Mason West, my colleague and chief, has generously responded to my frequent appeals for advice. Profesor Fred Morrow Fling of the University of Nebraska kindly looked over the list of materials and made several helpful suggestions. I am under great obligation to my publishers for permission to make the volume considerably larger than stipulated in our agreement. Most of all I am indebted to my wife, Mary Steele Anderson. To her constant encouragement, literary criticisms, and assistance with the manuscript and proofs, I owe a large part of whatever value the volume may possess.

Frank Maloy Anderson.

University of Minnesota.

Both the material and the arrangement of this edition correspond closely to the original publication. Several documents of a later date than 1902 have been added and a few changes have been made in a number of the groups of documents relating to some single topic. The principal difference between this and the original edition is in details. All of the translations have been gone over carefully and numerous changes made, especially in the second half of the book. Quite a number of additional references have been inserted. As several widely-used text-books .have inserted references to documents contained in the collection I have endeavored to preserve the original pagination as far as possible. Almost invariably a reference to the first edition will be found on the corresponding or the next page of this edition.

September 2, 1908. F. M. A.

NUMBER PAGE

Xii. Decree Creating the National Assembly. June

^ 2. The Tennis Court Oath. June 20, 1789. . . 2

3. Documents upon the Royal Session of June 23,

1789 3

A. Declaration of the King upon the States- General. ...... 3

•B. Declaration of the Intentions of the King. 5

'C. Decree of the Assembly. .... 10

4. The Fourth of August Decrees. August 4-11,

^ 5. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

August 27, 1789 IS

6. Documents upon the Constituent Assembly and

the Church. ...... 15

A. Decree upon the Church Lands. November

B. Decree upon Monastic Vows. February 13,

^-' C. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy. July

12, 1790. ...... 16

D. Decree upon the Clerical Oath. Novembei

27, 1790. ..... 22

E. Decree upon the Publication of Papal Documents. June 9, 1791. .... 23

Decrees for Reorganizing the Local Government System. . . . . . . . 24

A. Decree upon the Municipalities. December

14. 1789- 24

B. Decree upon the Departments and Districts.

8. Decree for Abolishing the Nobility. June 19,

^^ 9. Decree for Reorganizing the Judicial System.

X CONTENTS

NUMBEK PAGE

^'"^^ lo. Circular Letter of Louis XVI to Foreign Courts.

11. Decree upon the Organization of Trades and

Professions. June 14, 1791. ... 43

12. Documents upon the King's Flight. ... 45

A. The King's Declaration. June 20. 1791. . 45

B. Decree for the Arrest of the King. June

21, 1791. 50

C. Decree for the Maintenance of Public Order.

D. Decree for Giving Effect to the Measures of

the Assembly. June 21, 1791. . . 51

E. Decree in regard to Foreign Affairs. June

21, 1791. 52

F. Decree for Calling out the National Guards.

^ G. Decree upon the Oath of Allegiance. June

22, 1791. ...... 52

H. Decree upon the Commissioners from the

L Decree concerning the King. June 24, 1791. 53

J. The Protest of the Right. June 29, 1791. . 54

K. Decree concerning the King. July 16, 1791. 54

13. The Padua Circular. July 5 or 6, 1791. . . 55

14. The Declaration of Pilnitz. August 27, 1791. . 57 ^-;yji5. The Constitution of 1791. September 3, 1791. . 58

16. The King's Acceptance of the Constitution. Sep-

17. Ihe Rejected Decrees. ..... 97

A. Decree upon the fimigres. November 9, 1791. 97

B. Decree upon the Non-juring Clergy. No-

18. Letter of Louis XVI to the King of Prussia.

19. Declaration of War against Austria. April 20,

1792 103

20. The Three Revolutionary Decrees. " . . . 104 A. Decree for the Deportation of the Non-juring Priests. May 27, 1792. ... 104

CONTENTS xi

NUMBER PAGE

B. Decree for Disbanding the King's Body

C. Decree for Establishing a Camp of Federes.

21. The Petition of the 20th of June. June 20, 1792. 107

22. Addresses to the Legislative Assembly. . . no

A. Address of the Commune of Marseilles.

B. Address of the Federes at Paris. July 23,

1792 113

C. Address of the Paris Sections. August 3,

1792. 114

23. The Duke of Brunswick's Manifesto. July 25,

1792. . . . ..... 118

24. Decree for Suspending the King. August 10,

1792 123

25. Decree for Electing the Convention. August 11,

1792 125

26. The Jacobin Club Address. September 12, 1792. 127

27. Documents upon the Transition to the Republic. 128

A. Declaration upon the Constitution. Septem-

B. Decree for Provisional Enforcement of the

C. Decree for Abolishing the Monarchy. Sep-

D. Decree upon the Dating of Public Docu-

E. Decree upon the Unity and Indivisibility of

the Republic. September 25, 1792. . 129

28. Documents upon the Convention and Foreign

Policy. 129

A. Declaration for Assistance and Fraternity to

Foreign Peoples. November 19, 1792. . 130

B. Decree for Proclaiming the Liberty and Sov-

ereignty of all Peoples. December 15, 1792. 130

C. Decree upon Non-intervention. April 13,

^793 133

29. Documents upon the Convention and Religion. 134 A. Decree upon Religious Policy. January xii CONTENTS

NUMBER PAGE

B. Decree upon the Non-juring Priests. April

C. Decree upon Dangerous Priests. October

D. Decree upon Religious Freedom. December

8, 1793 137

E. Decree for Establishing the Worship of the

Supreme Being. May 7, 1794. . . 137

F. Decree upon Expenditures for Religion.

G. Decree upon Religion. February 21, 1795. . 139 H. Decree for Restoring Church Buildings.

I. Organic Act upon Religion. September 29,

1795 ■ ... 140

30. Documents upon the fimigres. . . . 145

A. Declaration of the Regent of France. Jan-

B. Decree against the Emigres. March 28, 1793. 147

31 . Declaration of War against Great Britain. Feb-

32. Documents upon the Revolutionary Tribunal of

A. Decree for Creating an Extraordianry Crim-

inal Tribunal. March 10, 1793. . . 152

B. Law of 22 Prairial. June 10, 1794. . . 154

33. Decree for Establishing the Revolutionary Com-

34. Decree upon the Press. March 29, 1793. . . 158

35. Decree for Establishing the Committee of Pub-

36. Robespierre's Proposed Declaration of Rights.

37. Decree upon the Deputies on Mission. April 30,

1793 164

38. Documents upon the Convention and Education. 167

A. Decree upo.n Primary Education. May 30,

^793 168

B. Decree upon Secondary Education. February

25, 1795 '168

40. 41.

42. 43-

^45-

47- 48.

•^50.

K

62. 63. 64.

C. Organic Act upon Education. October 25,

Constitution of the Year I. June 24, 1793.

Decree for the Levy en Masse. August 23, 1793

The Law of Suspects. September 17, 1793.

Law of the Maximum. September 29, 1793.

Decree upon the Revolutionary Government October 10, 1793. ....

Decree for the Republican Calendar. November 24, 1793.

Organic Decree upon the Government of th( Terror. December 4, 1793.

Decree upon Slavery. February 4, 1794. .

Decree upon Assignats. May 10, 1794.

Treaties with Prussia. ....

A. Treaty of Basle. April 5, 1795.

B. Secret Convention, August 5, 1796. .

Treaty of the Hague. May 16, 1795.

Constitution of the Year IIL August 22, 1795. Law against Public Enemies. April 16, 1796. Treaties with the Pope. ....

A. Suspension of Hostilities. June 23, 1796.

B. Treaty of Tolentino. February 19, 1797. Law upon British Products. October 31, 1796. Secret Convention with Genoa. June 5-6, 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio. October 17, 1797. Law of Hostag'es. July 12, 1709.

The Brumaire Decree. November 10, 1799.

Constitution of the Year VTH. December i

1799- ■ ■ ■

Order for Suppressing the Newspapers. January

17, 1800.

Law for Reorganizing the Administrative Sys

tem. February 17, 1800.

Law for Reorganizing the Judicial System. March

18, 1800

Treaty of Luneville. February 9, 1801.

Treaty of Amiens. March 27, 1802.

Documents upon Napoleon and the Reorganiza

tion of Religion. .....

170 171 184 185 187

259 261

267 268

288 290 294

p.g6

NUMBEE

L/

PAGE

A. The Concordat. July 15, 1801— April 8, 1802 296

B. Organic Articles for the Catholic Church.

C. The Declaration of 1682 304

D. Organic Articles for the Protestant Sects.

65. Documents upon Napoleon and Education. . 308

A. Law upon Public Instruction. May i, 1802 308

B. Imperial Catechism. April 4, 1807. . . 312

C. Decree for Organizing the Imperial Univer-

sity. March I7. J 808 3^4

66. Documents upon the Consulate for Life. . . 323

A. Declaration of the Tribunate. May 6, 1802. 323

B. Re-election by the Senate. May 8, 1802 . 324

C. Message of the First Consul to the Senate.

D. Order of the Consuls. May 10, 1802 . 326

E. 'Senatus-Consultum. (Constitution of the

Year X.) August 4, 1802. . . . 326 ^^7. Law for Organizing the Legion of Honor. May

19, 1802. ...... 336

68. Law for Re-establishing Slavery in the French

69. Declaration of France upon the Reorganization

of Germany. August 18, 1802. . . . 339

70. Treaty with Spain. October 19, 1803. • • 341

71 . Constitution of the Year XII. May 18, 1804. . 342

72. Documents upon the Kingdom of Italy. . 368

A. Constitutional Statute. March 17, 1805. . 368

B. Proclamation of the Kingdom. March 19,

7Z- Treaty of Alliance between Great Britain and

74. Treaty of Pressburg. December 26, 1805. . 374

75. Documents upon Napoleon and the Kingdom of

A. Proclamation to the Army. December 30,

1805 .378

B. Imperial Decree making Joseph Bonaparte

King of Naples. March 30, 1806. . . 379

CONTENTS XV

NUMBER ^^^^

76. Treaty between France and Holland. May 24,

1806. 381

77. Documents upon the Continental System. . 383

A. British Note to the Neutral Powers. May

16, 1806 384

B. The Berlin Decree. November 21, 1806. . 385

C. British Order in Council. January 10, 1807. 3^7

D. British Order in Council. November 11,

1807 388

E. The Milan Decree. December 17, 1807. . 392 W. British Order in Council. April 26, 1809. . 394 G. The Rambouillet Decree. March 23, 1810 . 396

78. Documents upon the Dissolution of the Holy

Roman Empire. ...... 397

A. Treaty for Establishing the Confederation

of the Rhine. July 12, 1806. . . 398

B. Note of Napoleon to the Diet. August i,

1806 399

C. Declaration of the Confederated States.

D. Abdication of Francis H. August 7, 1806. 403

79. Documents upon the Peace of Tilsit. . . 404

A. Treaty of Peace between France and Russia.

B. Secret Treaty of Alliance between France

C. Treaty of Peace between France and Prussia.

D. Treaty between France and Prussia. Sep-

80. Senatus-Consultum for Suppressing the Tribu-

81. Documents upon the Overthrow of the Spanish

A. Convention of Fontainebleau. October 27,

1807. 418

B. Convention with Charles IV. May 5, 1808. 419

C. Imperial Decree Proclaiming Joseph Bona-

parte King of Spain. June 6, 1808. . . 420

82. The Erfurt Convention. October 12, 1808. . 421

87. 88.

NUMBEE PAGE

Ss. Decree upon the Term, French Republic. October 22, 1808 4^4

84. Documents upon the Annexations of 1809-1810. 424 \A. Imperial Decree for the Annexation of the

B. Organic Senatus-Consultum for the Annex- ^ ation of the Papal States. February 17, 1810 426

C. Treaty with Holland. March 16, 1810. . 427

D. Organic Senatus-Consultum for the Annexation of Holland and North Germany. December 13, 18x0. ..... 429

Treaty of Vienna. October 14, 1809. . . 430 Decree upon Printing and Bookselling. February 5, 1810. 433

The Frankfort Declaration. December i, 1813. 435 Address of the Legislative Body ^ to Napoleon.

Treaty of Chaumont. March i, 1814. . . 439 Documents upon the Transition to the Restoration Monarchy. . . . ... . 443

A. Proclam.ation of the Allies. March 31, 1814. 443

B. Act of the Senate. April i, 1814. . . 444 Decree for Deposing Napoleon. April 3-4,

1814 444

First Abdication of Napoleon. April 4, 1814. 446 The Senate's Proposed Constitution. April

6, 1814 446

Second Abdication of Napoleon. April 11,

1814 450

Treaty of Fontainebleau. April 11, 1814. . 450 Treaty of Paris.' May 30, 1814. . . . 451 Declaration of St. Ouen. May 2, 1814. . . 455 V 93- Constitutional Charter of 1814. June 4, 1814. . 457 Proclamation of Napoleon. March i, 1815. . 465 Decree for Convoking an Extraordinary Assembly. March 13, 1815. .... 467 Declaration of the Powers against Napoleon.

Treaty of Alliance against Napoleon. March 25,

1815 469

C.

D.

E.

G.

91- 92.

93- 94- 95-

96. 97-

CONTE.NTS g8. The Act Additional. April 22, 1815. . . 472

■^ 99. Treaty of Paris. November 20, 1815. . . 480

ICO. Treaty of Alliance against France. November

20, 1815. 482

loi. Press Laws and Ordinances of the Restoration. 485

A. Lav^r upon the Press. June 9, 1819. . . 485

B. Law upon the Press. March 31, 1820. . 486

C. Law upon the Press. March 17, 1822. . 488

D. Royal Ordinance upon the Press. June 24,

102. Circular of the Keeper of the Seals. About Feb-

103. Documents upon the Dissolution of 1830. . 491

A. The King's Speech. March 2, 1830. . . 49i

B. Reply of the Chamber of Deputies. March

18, 1830. 49^

C. Response of the King. March 18, 1830. . 493

D. Proclamation of the King. June 13,- 1830. 494

104. Documents upon the July Revolution. . . 495

A. The July Ordinances. July 25, 1830. . 495 \/

B. Protest of the Paris Journalists. July 26,

1830 501

C. Protest of the Paris Deputies. July 26, 1830. 501

D. Thiers' Orleanist Manifesto. July 30, 1830. 502

E. Proclamation of the Deputies. July 31, 1830. 502

F. Proclamation by Louis Philippe. August i,

1830. . 503

G. Abdication of Charles X. August 2, 1830. 504 H. Declaration of the Chamber of Deputies.

/fos. Constitution of 1830. August 14, 1830 . • 507 U

106. Law upon Elections. April 19, 183 1. 513

107. Proclamations and Decrees of the Provisional

Government of 1848. . . . . • 5I4 .

A. Proclamation of the Overthrow of the July

Monarchy. February 24, 1848. . . SU

B. Declaration Relative to Workingmen. Feb-

C. Proclamation of the Republic. February 26,

1848 516

1/ xviii CONTENTS

NUMBER PAGH

D. Decree for Estabishing National Work-

E. Proclamation a.nd Order for the Luxem-

bourg Commission. February 28, 1848. . 5^7

F. Decree for Abolishing Titles of Nobility.

G. Decree upon Labor. March 2, 1848. . . 518 H. Decree for the National Assembly. March

5, 1848. 519

L Decree upon Slavery. April 27, 1848. . 520

108. Petition of the i6th of April. April 16, 1848. 521

109. Declaration upon the Republic. May 4, 1848. . 522 no. Constitution of 1848. November 4, 1848. . . 522

111. Documents upon the Coup d'Etat of December

2, 1851 538

A. Decree for Dissolving the National As-

sembly. December 2, 1851. . . . 538

B. Proclamation to the People. December 2,

1851 538

C. Proclamation to the Army. December 2,

1851 540

D. First Decree for the Plebiscite. December

2, 1851 541

E. Second Decree for the Plebiscite. December

4, 1851 542

F. Election Appeal. December 8, 1851. . . 542

113. Documents upon Louis Napoleon and the Press. 549

A. Decree upon the Press. February 17, 1852. 549

B. Law upon the Press. May 11, 1868. . 552

114. Documents upon the Evolution of the Second

A. Speech of the Prince-President to the Cham-

B. Address of the Municipality of Vedennes to

Louis-Napoleon. October, 1852.

C. The Bordeaux Address. October 9. 18.

D. Senatus-consultum upon the Empire.

115. Documents upon the Congress of Paris. .

A. Treaty of Paris. March 30, 1856.

No-

CONTENTS xix

NUMBER PAGJ3

B. The Dardanelles Convention. March 26,

1856 565

C. Declaration Respecting Maritime Power.

116. Documents upon the Italian War of 1859. • S67

A. The Austrian Ultimatum. April 19, 1859. . 567

B. Reply of Sardinia. April 26, 1859. . . 569

C. Proclamation of Napoleon III, May 3, 1859. 569

D. Proclamation to the Italians. June 8, 1859. 57^

E. Peace Preliminaries of Villafranca. July 11,

1859 572

F. Treaty of Zurich. November 10, 1859. • 573

G. Treaty of Turin. March 24, i860. . . 574

117. Documents upon the Evolution of the Liberal

Empire. • • 575

A. Decree of the 24th of November. November

B. Senatus-Consultum upon the Publication

of Debates, February 2, 1861. . . . 577

C. Senatus-Consultum upon the Budget. De-

D. Imperial Decree upon Interpellation. Janu-

E. Senatus-Consultum. September 8, 1869. . 579

F. Senatus-Consultum. May 21, 1870. . . 580

118. The Persigny Circular. May 8, 1863. . . 586

119. Law upon Public Meetings. June 6, 1868. . 589

120. The Proposed Benedetti Treaty. August 20,

1866 .591

122. Documents upon the Fourth of September. . 594

A. Proclamation to the French People. Sep-

B. Proclamation to the Inhabitants of Paris,

C. Proclamation to the National Guard. Sep-

D. Decree upon the Legislative Body and the

Senate. September 4, 1870. ... 596

XX CONTENTS

NUMBER PAGE

E. Decree upon Political and Press Offenders.

123. Diplomatic Circulars upon the Franco-Prussian

War 596

A. Circular to French Ministers. September

6, 1870 596

B. Circular to Prussian Ministers. Septem-

C. Circular to Prussian Ministers. September

16, 1870. 601

124. Decrees and Laws upon ' the Executive Power,'

1871-1873 604

A. Decree Appointmg Thiers. February 17,

1871 604

B. The Rivet Law. August 31, 1871. . . 604

C. Law upon the Presidency. March 13, 1873. 606

125. Preliminary Treaty of Versailles. February 26,

1871 607

126. Declaration of the Paris Commune. April 19,

1871 608

127. Laws for Reorganizing Local Government. . 612

A. Communal Law. April 14, 1871. . . 612

B. Departmental Law. August 10, 1871. . 613

128. Law for Reorganizing the Army. July 27, 1872. 618

129. Documents upon the Overthrow of Thiers. . 622

A. The De Broglie Literpellation. May 19,

1873. .622

B. The Government Proposals. May 19, 1873. 622

C. The Ernoul Order of the Day. May 24,

D. The Target Declaration. May 24, 1873. • ^'^7

E. Manifesto -of the Extreme Left. May 24,

1873- • 627

130. The White Flag Letter. October 27, 1873. • 627

131. Law of the Septennate. November 20, 1873. . 630

132. Documents upon the Establishment of the Re-

A. The Casimir-Perier Proposal. June 15,

1874 631

B. The Ventavon Proposal. July 15, 1874. , 632

C. The Proposed Laboulaye Amendment.

D. The Wallon Amendment. January 30, 1875. 633

133. The Constitution of 1875 and Amendments. . 633

A. Law upon the Organization of the Senate.

B. Law upon the Organization of the Pubhc

C. Law upon the Relation of the Public Pow-

D. Amendment upon the Seat of Government.

E. The Amendments of 1884. August 14,

1884 639

134. Documents upon the i6thi of May Crisis. . 640

A. Letter of MacMahon to Simon. May 16,

1877. 641

B. Letter of Simon to MacMahon. May 16,

1877 641

C. Order of the Day. May 17, 1877. . . 642

D. Manifesto of the Left. About May 20,

1877. 643

E. MacMahon's Manifesto to the French People.

F. Gambetta's Circular. October 7, 1877. • 646

G. MacMahon's Second Manifesto. October

H. MacMahon's Message. December 14, 1877. 649

135. Documents upon Socialism and the Third Re-

public. 650

A. General Program, of the Socialist Regional

Congress of the Centre. July 18-23, 1880. 650

B. Common Declaration of the Socialist Or-

ganizations. January 13, 1905. . ". 653

136. Documents upon Leo XIII and the Third Re-

public. 654

A. Papal Encyclical. February 16, 1892. . 655

B. Papal Brief to the French Cardinals. May

137. The Law of Associations. July i, 1901. . . 659

138. Documents upon the Separation of Church and

State 662

A. The Law of Separation. December 9, 1905. 663

B. Papal Encychcal. February 11, 1906. . 670

C. Petition of the Twenty-Three. March, 1906. 676

D. Law for the Public Exercise of Religious

Worship. January 2, 1907. . . . 678

E. Papal Encyclical. January 6, 1907. . . 680

TITLES AND EDITIONS CITED

Actes dii gouvernment revolutionnaire de Paris. i8 Mars-2i Mai, 1871. Revue de France supplement. Paris, n. d.

Adams, Henry. History of the United States during the administrations of Jefferson and Madison. Nine vols. Nevv^ York, 1889-1891.

from the Congress of Vienna to the present time. Two vols. New York, 1896-1898.

American catholic quarterly review. Vol. i — . Philadelphia, 1876.

American Historical Association. Annual report for the year 1894. Washington, 1895.

American historical review. Vol. i — . New York, 1895 — •

American state papers, foreign relations. Six vols. Washington, 1832-1859.

Andrews, Charles M. The political history of modern Europe

[Ang'eberg, Comte]. Recue.il des traites, conventions et actes diplomatiques concernant I'Autriche et I'ltalie. Paris, i8S9-

Annals of the American academy of political and social science. Vol. I — . Philadelphia, 1890 — .

Archives diplomatiques. Vol. i — . Paris, 1861 — .

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7 TITLES AND EDITIONS CITED

Browning, Oscar. The flight to Varennes and other historical essays. London, 1892.