Educational woodworking for home and school

Front matter

EDUCATIO WOOD WORKING

FOR

SCHOOL and i mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

Preface

The increased popularity of manual training as a part of the curriculum of the public schools and the demand for a text-book that can be put into the hands of pupils so that they may be held responsible for important subject-matter in connection with woodwork are the two main reasons which have led to the publication of this volume. The book, for convenience, is divided into parts, but it is not intended that Part I shall be completed before Part II is taken up. On the other hand, work should be given from the different parts from the beginning, and pupils should be held responsible for the work given just as they are held responsible for work in arithmetic or geography.

The book is intended to be used under the direction of a skilled instructor who has sufficient technical knowledge and teaching ability to lead his pupils to become capable in this line of work. Many illustrations of positions while at work are therefore omitted, because the instructor should show correct positions in the use of tools and should insist that the pupils acquire correct habits in their use.

The " Schedule of Work" (page 14) gives in a general way the plan of the work. In some schools it may be necessary to make a few changes in this schedule, owing to local conditions, but as far as possible it should be followed. The work under "Topics for Study,"

vii

Vlll PREFACE

" Technical Operations," and " Tools " should be given in the form of regular recitation work, having both oral and written work. Pupils should have sufficient work with the " Key " so that they may be able to know the names and characteristics of common woods. The work in all of its phases should be vigorous and full of well-directed activity.

The writer wishes to acknowledge his gratitude for helps given in the preparation of this volume, aside from the various sources which are given in the footnotes, to the following : —

Herbert H. Smith, Editor Forest Service Publications, for permission to use the key given in Appendix A; President Cree T. Work, College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Texas, for the cuts given in Appendix B, also for the cuts shown under Figs. 148 and 263, all of which were taken from his San Francisco " Outlines of Manual Training " ; Professor C. R. Richards, Dean of Engineering, the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, for the cuts shown in Figs. 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 224, and 225, which were taken from his "A Manual of Wood Turning."

The writer is also deeply indebted to the following people, who so kindly sent to him for publication in this volume drawings of successful projects which have been used in some of the leading manual training centers in the United States : —

Mr. L. A. Bacon, Director of Manual Training, Indianapolis, Indiana ; Mr. L. R. Abbott, Director of Manual Training, and Mr. Emil Wydman, Grand Rapids, Michigan ; Mr. C. E. Karlson, Director of Manual Training, Altoona, Pennsylvania; Mr. Louis C. Butler and

PREFACE IX

Mr. R. F. J. Raebel, St. Louis, Missouri; Mr. B. H. Van Oot, Director of Manual Training, Normal University, Las Vegas, New Mexico ; Mr. T. W. Breckheimer, North High School, Minneapolis, Minnesota ; and Mr. Bradley S. Joice and Mr. Donald S. McGuire, Maryland School for the Blind, Baltimore, Maryland.

The manuscript has been read by Dr. William C. Bagley and Professor Amos W. Farnham of the State Normal and Training School, Oswego, New York, both of whom have offered valuable criticisms, for which the writer wishes to express his gratitude.

The writer is also indebted to the following manufacturers for cuts used in this publication and for information regarding tools and machines : —

Sargent & Company, 149 Leonard Street, New York.

Hammacher, Schlemmer & Company, New York.

Stanley Rule and Level Company, New Britain, Connecticut.

Cincinnati Tool Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Bickford & Francis Belting Company, Buffalo, New York.

American Woodworking Machinery Company, Rochester, New

York.

J. T. Towsley Manufacturing Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company, Providence, Rhode

Island.

Millers Falls Company, 28 Warren Street, New York. Grand Rapids Hand Screw Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Pike Manufacturing Company, Pike, New Hampshire. The Carborundum Company, Niagara Falls, New York. The Cleveland Stone Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Ridgway Dynamo and Engine Company, Ridgway, Pennsylvania. The David Maydole Hammer Company, Norwich, New York. Buck Brothers, Millbury, Massachusetts. Syracuse Twist Drill Company, Syracuse, New York.

X PREFACE

Columbus Forge and Iron Company, Columbus, Ohio. Utica Drop Forge Company, Utica, New York. Coes Wrench Company, Worcester, Massachusetts. C. Parker Company, Meriden, Connecticut.

E. C. Stearns & Company, Syracuse, New York. Nicholson File Company, Providence, Rhode Island. Fox Machine Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Snell Manufacturing Company, Fiskdale, Massachusetts.

F. E. Reed Company, Worcester, Massachusetts.

The Russell Jennings Manufacturing Company, Deep River, Connecticut.

The tables given under Wood (Part III) are taken from Bulletin No. 10, United States Division of Forestry.

Some of the matter given in the Introduction, and on nails and nailing, screws and glue, is taken from articles which were written by the author for American Education, and are published here by agreement.

The writer also wishes to acknowledge his gratitude

to Dr. Isaac B. Poucher, Principal of the State Normal

and Training School, Oswego, New York, for the many

suggestions and encouragements which he has given in

the working out of experiments in manual training

work, which have contributed largely to the success of

this volume.

JOSEPH C. PARK.

State Normal and Training School, Oswego, New York, June, 1907.

Contents

PAGE

Introduction 1

Manual training : what it is and its place in education; suggestions to students ; schedule of work ; tool list ; technical terms.

PART II Woodworking Machines . 99

79. Work. 80. Energy. 81. Power. 82. Band saw. 83. Scroll saw. 84. Swing saw. 85. Combination saw bench. 86. Saw guard. 87. Circular saws. 88. The speed of circular saws. 89. Rules for calculating the speed of saws, pulleys, and drums. 90. Single surfacer. 91. Jointer. 92. Wood-turning lathe. 93. Belts. 94. Formulae used in selecting belts. 95. Belt lacings. 96. Old style lace. 97. New style lace. 98. Single hinge lace. 99. Double hinge lace. 100. Belt hooks.

PART VII Wood Turning 215

History. Tools. Uses and care of tools. Instructions and drawings.

Appendix A : Key to the More Important Woods of North

America 233

Appendix B : Problems in Construction and Geometric

Helps 283

Appendix C : Useful Tables 293

EDUCATIONAL WOODWORKING FOR HOME AND SCHOOL