Painless childbirth : or, healthy mothers and healthy children : a book for all women

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

-OR-

Chapter I. Sexual Attributes

Co-existent with Human Existence — The same throughout all Ages — Love Fulfills both Divine and Human Laws — The Difference Between Sexuality and Sensuality — It is a Man's Duty to Comprehend the Laws of his Being, for in Knowledge there is Safety — Ignorance will not Protect Him from the Penalty of Broken Laws — Keason should Govern His Acts — Should Govern His Passions Instead of Letting them Govern Him — Neither Sex is Complete in Itself — The Attraction of the Sexes the Basis of Marriage — Which Loves Most, Man or Woman — Sexual Passion — Not Essential to Reproduction — Mental, Moral, and Physical Influences of the Mother Upon the Unborn — Transmission of Vital and Other Characteristics — The Highest and Holiest Duties of Earth Consigned to Woman — Discretion — Universality of Definite and Well-regulated Laws — Pain, the Result of Having Broken Some Law — Unconscious Transgression — Like Begets Like 17

CHAPTER XL

MATERNITY.

Woman's Legitimate Object — The Highest and Holiest to which She Can Aspire — What* Maternity Implies — Its Beginning and End — Early Development of Characteristic Traits — Maternity Encouraged by the Ancients — All Women are Not Fit to Become Mothers — How the Transmission of Disease may be Favored or Opposed — Matrimonial Selections — Woman, Instead of Legislatures, Should Control Her Functions — How Our Civil Laws Operate — Abuses of Reproduction — Opinions of Authors — The Confliction of Social and Natural Laws — Laws Against Preventing Conception — As Many Sterile Women W ant Children as Fertile Ones Want to Prevent Them — A Mistake of the Newly-Married — The Proper Age fo r Marriage, and its Influence on Mother and Child — Symptoms of Conception — Mothers' Marks — How Produced, How Prevented — Longings — Meddlesome Busy-bodies — The Plan of the Ancient ^Greeks— Who Should INouriMi the Child. •«, 4.,««< *<<»••• i #•<•*< i < i •<<•• 1 1-< « r*M

CONTENTS. x iii

Chapter III. Is Pain Necessary ?

The Answer to an Important Question — Has the Almighty a Special Design in Afflicting Woman? — If the Descendants of Adam Escape Pain, why not the Descendants of Eve V — Special Providences — Efficacy of Prayer — The Performance of Healthy Functions Painless — Childbirth is Xatural, and should be Painless — Pain a Sign of Disease — All Women do not Suffer — Uncivilized Usually Escape — Why? — Instances — Obstetrical Literature Nearly Silent — Pain is Unnatural and Unnecessary 46

Chapter IV. Causes Of Pain

Unhygienic Customs — Physical Conditions — Social Influences — Slavery of Different Stations of Life Contrasted— Irritable Nerves — Curvature of Spine — Malformations — Tight Lacing — Shape of Pelvis — Female Diseases — Improper Treatment — Errors — Marital Relations — How the Condition of the Child Affects the Mother — Its size — Hardness of its Bones — All these Causes can be Rendered Inoperative 58

Chapter V. Hygienic Management

The Objects of Hygiene — How Surroundings Affect Pregnant Women — How She Must Conduct Herself — What Exercise Best, and How and When to Take it — Turning the Room Out Doors to Air it — The Difference between Bathing and Soaking — What Kind of Baths are Best, their Properties, etc.— The Sitz Bath — Sleep — Dress — The Spartan Law — How Sexual Influences Affect both Mother and Child— All Pain, Difficulty and Danger Unnatural 70

Chapter VI. Dietetic Measures

Composition of the Different Kinds of Food — How the Mother's Food Affects Childbirth— The First Experiment and How it Resulted — A Very Liberal Dietary— Food that Con1 Phosphate of Lime x i v PAINLESS CHILDBIBTH.

English Lady's Experiment— Must the Mother Eat for Two ? The Extra Amount of Nourishment Required 81

Chapter VII. Remedial Treatment

Diseases Must be Cured — An Indian Tradition — What the Squaws do — Squaw Vine — A Favorite Preparation and What it Cures— The Properties of Blue Cohosh— Its Power to Prevent Pain and Miscarriage— Proof that Remedies Prevent Painful Labor— Mothers' Cordial— Experience of Physicians—The Value of Black Cohosh— How these Medicines are to be Used— Management of Constipation— The Kidneys Must be Kept Healthy— What Causes Morning Sickness— The Fallacy of its Necessity— Shall Longings be Gratified or Not— Flatulence and Colic— Varicose or Knotted Veins- Heartburn— Piles— Shall Diarrhoea be Checked — Other Symptoms— The Sleeping Room— Pressure of the Womb on Veins— Abortion— Erroneous Idea— How Maternal Responsibilities are Evaded— Legal Consideration— Is the Crime Justifiable— Prevention of Conception or Abortion— It is Murder— Its Effect upon the Woman— Unintentional Causes —Premonitory and Actual Symptoms — Hemorrhage the Greatest Immediate Danger — My First Case— Preventive Measures and When Necessary— Nervousness— Sore Nipples Leucorrhoea— Important Advice— False Pains Distinguished " from True Ones— Intense Suffering from Irritable Bladder 91

Chapter VIII. Anesthetics

A Priceless Boon and Perfectly Safe— Accidents Among Dentists —Theoretical Objections not Sustained in Practice— The Degree of Insensibility Desired— Should Other Plans Fail, this will make Labor Painless— Who Shall Take Them and Who Shall Not— How Long Continued— Views of Physicians—Why this Chapter is Introduced 142

Chapter IX

The Period when Labor Should Occur— Code Napoleon— Instances of Protracted Labor— Preparations for Labor— Premonitory Symptoms— Indications of Labor— True and False

CONTENTS. XV

Pains — Management After it has Begun— Remedies for Rigidous — Encouragement — Progress, etc. — Ineffectual Labor — How Overcome— Flooding — The Cord — The Afterbirth — Care of Mother and Child — Learning the Child to Nurse — After Birth— Superstitions— Disposal 154

Chapter X. Management After Birth

Look after the Mother's Rest — Involution of the Uterus— Diet of the Mother — The Lochial Discharge — Danger of Neglect — When it is Unnatural what is to be Done — After-pains — Remedies — Attention to the Bladder — The Bowels — Bloating — Milk Fever — The Nipples and Breasts — Nursing Sore Mouth — Remedies — Dosing and Stuffing the Young Eminent as Soon as it is Born — Nursing — Why it Should be Done — Milk for the Child — A Very Important Matter — Regulating the Sleep of the Child — Proper Food for Children — Weaning — Dress and Bathing — Moral Considerations — Medicine for the Baby — Bowels — Jaundice — Urine — Sore Eyes — Prescriptions — Vomiting — Diarrhoea — Remedies — Colic — Remedies— Teething— Its Troubles and Remedies 177

CHAPTER XL

STERILITY.

A Divine Mandate — The Consummation of Love but Half Attained — Professional Confidences — Quacks and Marriage Guides — Interesting Considerations — History — Causes of Sterility — Hymen — What its Presence or Absence Indicates — The Woman Blamed — Displacements of the Uterus — Uterine Tumors — How they Act as Causes and who are to Manage them — Deformities of the Uterus— Stricture — Chronic Inflammation — Leuchorrhoea — Dysmenorrhea — Menstrual Derangements — Ovarian and Uterine Debility— Sexual Excesses and Apathy— r Ovarian Diseass — Late Marriages — Sometimes the Husband is to Blame if Marriage is Unfruitful — Temperamental Incompatibility — Other Causes — Some not to be Considered — Relations of Society — When a Woman is Sterile who is to Blame , 218

Chapter XII. Diseases Of Women

Social Customs Cause Disease — Menstruation — Its Disorders — xvi PMNLBS8 CHILDBIRTH.

Ammenorrhoaa — Suppression — Retention — Causes — Symptoms — Treatment — Prescriptions — Anemia — Plethora — Irregular Menstruation — Painful Menstruation — Characters — Treatment — Prescriptions — Profuse Menstruation — Causes — Treatment — Vicarious Menstruation — Leucorrhcea — Causes — Symptoms — Treatment — Chronic Inflammation of the Womb — Causes — Symptoms — Treatment — Constitutional — Local — Persistence Needed — Prescriptions — Ulceration — Symptoms — Treatment — Caustics — Healing Applications — Displacements — Different Forms of — Different Symptoms — Causes — Treatment General — Local — How to Remove — How to Cure — Acute vs. Chronic Displacement— Sub-Involution — Character — Causes — Dangers — Treatment — Uterine Tumors — Different Varieties — Diagnosis — Removal — Cancer of the Womb — Change of Life — Symptoms Neglected — Effect it Produces on Future Health — Management — Remedies — Conditions Considered — Uterine Stricture — Cure — Vaginismus — How it Affects Domestic Relations — Causes — Treatment — The Ovaries — Their Importance — Their Diseases — Causes — Treatment — Ovarian Tumors — The Breasts — Their Double Function — Diseases — Inflammation — Abcess — Treatment — Wasting — Causes — Non-Development — Excessive Growth — Tumors — Cancers — Diagnosis — What to Do 249

Chapter XIII. Diseases Of Children

Mortality — Gradation of Doses — General Signs — The Countenance — Attitude and Gesture — The Cry — The Discharges— The Circulation — The Temperature — Odors — The Tongue — Excoriations and Ulcers — Vomiting — Convulsions — Aptha? — Colds — Influenza — Croup — Pneumonia. — Chronic Pneumonia — Consumption ■ — Asthma — Whooping Cough — ■ Mumps — Sore Throat — Quinsy — Diphtheria — Cerebro-spinal Meningitis — Small Pox — Chicken Pox — Measles — Scarlet Fever — Erysipelas — Diarrhoea — Dysentery — Acute Intestinal Catarrh — Cholera Morbus — Cholera Infantum — Ephemeral Fever — Worms 318

Chapter I. Sexual Attributes

Co-existent with Human Existence — The same throughout all Ages — Love Fulfills both Divine and Human Laws — The Difference Between Sexuality and Sensuality — It is a Man's Duty to Comprehend the Laws of his Being, for in Knowledge there is Safety — Ignorance will not Protect Him from the Penalty of Broken Laws — Reason should Govern His Acts — Should Govern His Passions Instead of Letting them Govern Him — Neither Sex is Complete in Itself — The At- V traction of the Sexes the Basis of Marriage — Which Loves Most, Man or Woman — Sexual Passion — Not Essential to Reproduction — Mental, Moral, and Physical Influences of the Mother Upon the Unborn — Transmission of Vital and Other Characteristics — The Highest and Holiest Duties of Earth Consigned to Woman — Discretion — Universality of Definite and "Well-regulated Laws — Pain, the Result of Having Broken Some Law — Unconscious Transgression — Like Begets Like,

Co-existent with life itself — from the earliest period of human existence to the present, obedient to the Divine command, designed to subserve one of the grandest purposes of nature, essential to the preservation and continuance of our race — are the sexual attributes of man.

Our first pareuts were created with the same physiological differences that characterize and distinguish the sexes today, and though they were created in a state of maturity, there was engrafted upon their constitutions those self-same inherent properties that actuate mankind in the present, having been transmitted from parent to offspring through the process of generation.

What love is to the soul, the sexual attributes are to the physical part of man. Love is the rudimental element of the soul, the essence of the Almighty ; sexual attributes, the medium through which the spirit essence is transmitted to, and engrafted upon, the physical being. Both are divine gifts, in perfect harmony with man's happiness, and conductive to his enjoyment. "Love constitutes the foundation of human nature ; " it is the motive power, as it were, of our impulses, actuating, regulating, refining human character. a Sexuality implies reproduction," and associated with love, is an instinct, the office of which is to repair the ravages of death by a continual transmission of life. The sexual passion is one of the most powerful impulses, and when subordinate to reason and love, its purpose "is rather to subserve the object of continuing the species than merely its own gratification." " Sensuality is an unbridled desire which kills the soul. " " It degrades love and brutalizes man."

Man is a rational being, endowed with reasoning powers, capable of comprehending his attributes, and understanding the laws of their application. It is his duty to understand and observe whatever contributes to his happiness, and avoid whatever may cause suffering and misery. Ignorance will not protect us from the penalties of broken laws.

It is by no means the author's wish to offend the fastidious, or pander to depraved tastes, yet the conviction is constantly forced upon him that if the public were better instructed upon sexual questions, far less suffering and crime would exist. "The proper study of mankind is man," and it is very appropriately said, " knowledge is safety." Reason, instead of instinct should govern our acts. The attributes capable of contributing to our enjoyment, as well as preserving our lives, are too often perverted and abused, and thus become sources of pain and death. It is, therefore, proper that we understand these facts and live accordingly ; that we govern oar passions instead of permitting them to govern us. This we cannot do if we do not understand the relations between cause and effect.

If we are ignorant of the necessity of restraining our animal propensities, and of keeping them within proper bounds; if we do not know their boundaries, or if we are ignorant that we incur certain penalties if we over-step these boundaries, we will be constantly liable to violate both divine and natural laws, and be punished for the same, though at the same time not realize what we are being punished for. The majority of people blame Providence for their afflictions, while the truth is they have, though perhaps unwittingly, broken some law of their existence. It is not the author's intent to enter into the consideration of these laws and their effects in this work any farther than relates to the causes of pain in maternity, and how to avoid them, yet he hopes these hints will lead the reader to investigate the laws of life and the penalties imposed for violating them.

Neither sex is complete in itself, but the

diversity attracts the one to the other — to complete the one by union with the other. Neither alone is capable of transmitting life, and their union is necessary, not only for the welfare of each other, but also for the purpose of carrying out the divine command, "multiply and replenish the earth." This attraction of the sexes " is the basis of marriage, and of the laws and customs which recognize the life-choice of one woman for one man."

When love is pure and true, it does not find its complete satisfaction except in the indissoluble bond of marriage. Marriage is its natural consummation.

Before sexual union it is the man that loves the most earnestly, because he sacrifices more — pains, marches, contests ; he spares nothing.

When the act is consummated, it is, in her turn, the woman who loves more, and for a longer time. Then her love becomes labor and suffering; she must nourish with her blood the being to which man has communicated life ; she must bring it into the world in the midst of cruel pains; she must continue for it incessant cares. — Bourgeios.

Most observers concede that the sexual passion is stronger in men than in women ; indeed, some women have none at all ; and though- the absence of this passion is, in most cases, the result of disease or the early abuse of this function, there are cases met with in which sexual apathy is the only abnormal condition present. In such cases philoprogenitiveness may be perfectly developed, and I have met many cases of the kind where women have become mothers without experiencing any sexual emotion whatever.

There is another class in which a proper and natural degree of passion exists, while in still another, though smaller class, it exists in an unnatural degree, often amounting to nymphomania, a disease manifested by excessive erotic desires, which are controlled with great difficulty, if at all. Those of the first class, incapable of experiencing the emotions that influence and control the latter, regard them with contempt and hatred, when pity would be far more proper. Fortunately, such abnormal conditions are amenable to proper therapeutic measures.

There should be neither passion, pleasure, nor pain which is not shared by both sexes. Generation is a duty ; " Children are a good and not an evil," and the feelings that impel to reproduction are as much a part of nature as is the hunger or thirst that prompts us to eat or drink. But it is a physiological fact that the moderate use of any function contributes to health, longevity, and enjoyment, while excessive indulgence is punished with physicall ills.*

Although it is possible for conception to occur where no sexual passion is manifested, nevertheless it is true " that the disposition of the woman at that time has much power in the formation of the foetus, both in modifying its physical constitution, and in determining the character and temperament of its mind."

Her influence over the unborn does not, by any means, end with conception. For nine months she continues to impress upon it mental and physical characteristics that, to a very great extent, shape its future course and determine its usefulness in society. The moral influence of the mother must not be forgotten ; for it is while the rudimental brain and nervous system are being developed that impressions are easiest made and most apt to remain. Small influences at this time may grow into great variations of character in future.

True, the impress of the father will be seen in the child, but it is during gestation that the foetus is a part of the mother herself — " blood of her blood, bone of her bone," and, we may add, nerve of her nerve.

Circumstances that influence the life of the mother during this interesting period, necessarily

*In this consideration, the author is desirous of being understood to mean reproduction, under such moral and social laws as govern the people where it takes place; it not being: his intention to discuss monogamy, bigamy, polygamy, or promiscuity in this work.

exert a similar influence upon the child, in a greater or less degree. The stronger constitution of the mother may not be permanently impressed by external influences, while the child may be so affected that a life-time will not be long enough to efface them. Thus hereditary characteristics are transmitted and developed ; thus ante-natal influences shape the destiny of the unborn.

Excessive gratification of the sexual passions exhusts the vital and nervous forces, deranges the vegetative functions, and lays the foundation of various diseases ; and the diseases and physical conditions of the parents at the time of conception and during gestation will materially modify the constitutions of their offspring.

While the reproductive organs are not the seat of life, it is a well-established fact in physiology and pathology that they .exert a most profound influence upon the performance of every function of the animal economy. Concerned as they are in the transmission of life, it is through them that vital and other characteristics are handed down to posterity, so that the welfare of the future generations depends materially upon their inheritance. Children born of parents suffering from diseases of these organs are generally defective in vital and other qualities, ill-tempered, sickly, and short-lived. — Baker.

Children born of parents of fair intellectual qualities, but who have indulged their animal propensities to such an extent that they are suffering vital defects, will usually be bright, keen of perception, have large heads, but will be physically weak, fall easy victims to diseases of various kinds, and in very many instances die under ten years of age.

Sometimes the arts of the physician will avert those fatal tendencies of such constitutions, but were he able to do this far oftener than he is, how much better would it be to know the laws that regulate such conditions, and by living in obedience to them, avert the penalties of breaking them. Even though cures for diseases were always possible, how much better it would be to prevent them.

Carry the question of vital transmission farther. Exhaust the vital qualities of the parents still more ; set up the diseases that follow the breaking down of the system by excessive sexual indulgences, and the children will rarely have the redeeming qualities of the former class, but will be scrofulous, idiotic, deformed, and epileptic. Scrofula ! What a multitude of sins that word covers ! Could those who use it know all that it implies, few would expose their sexual errors to the world by its utterance.

Certainly, the highest and holiest duties of earth are consigned to woman ; she is the one who moulds the physical form of her offspring and rears it to the stature of man, and shapes its moral and intellectual destiny. The embryotic being draws nutriment and subsistence from its maternal parent, and derives its vital impress from the parent stock. Loveliness begets loveliness ; purity begets purity ; wisdom begets wisdom ; selfishness begets selfishness ; hatred, hatred ; bad temper, bad temper ; licentiousness, licentiousness ; crime, crime., etc., etc.

Excessive venereal indulgence, excessive child-bearing, excessive nursing, are terribly destructive to the vital forces of woman's organization. * * * This slavish drudgery to maternal requirements is the cause of many distressing disorders, producing irritability of temper, and all those domestic contretemps which so often destroy the happiness of the family relation, and bring odium and disgrao upon the marital institution, designed by the ordinances of nature and heaven for the highest felicity of man and woman in a state of terrestrial existence. — Pancoast.

The influence of moderation in these matters cannot be over-estimated. The evil influence of excesses are to be seen in both parent and child. As the excessive indulgences exhaust the vital forces, irritability is increased, the sensorium becomes more and more acute, and trivial ills become severe pains or serious diseases, and the natural sensibility becomes so greatly exaggerated that the mother is subjected to continual agony both before and after birth.

The act of generation is a voluntary one, but nature has so placed it under the empire of pleasure that the voice of discretion is no longer heard, and the will is led captive. Hence, it is well, for hygenic reasons, to consider its laws.

Too frequent repetition of the reproductive act is known to be followed by consequences injurious to the general health. Too rigid continence is not unattended, in many constitutions, with danger, for the victory over passion may be dearly bought. Science recommends the adoption of a wise mean, between the two extremes equally destructive. By following her counsel, woman may escape from the hysterical and other disorders which often wait as well upon excesses, as upon the too great denial of that passion which claims satisfaction as a natural right— Napheys.

The interests of man and woman are the same. Their object is to promote their own happiness, to prolong their own lives, and to perpetuate the race. The higher degree of perfection they attain, the greater their enjoyment, the greater their immunity from suffering. Pleasure should never be bought at the expense of pain. Each succeeding generation should be more perfect than its predecessor. Our race is susceptible of culture, but it cannot be trusted to chance.

Certain definite and well-regulated laws are in existence throughout the universe. These rules must be understood and obeyed. Obedience will be rewarded and transgression punished. The providence of God asks nothing unreasonable of us, nor will it be likely to suspend any of its rules to favor an erring mortal. Ignorance will not be accepted in extenuation of disobedience. The child that puts its tiny finger into the fire, ignorant of what the result will be, is as certainly burned as the older one who knows the consequences. The insane man leaps from a precipice and is dashed to pieces on the rocks below. He breaks the law of gravity, and pays the penalty with his life. The law of gravitation is not suspended because he is unaccountable for his act. So with all other natural laws.

Pain is the result of having broken some law. Had the law not been broken, the pain would not have been felt. These are facts. They look us squarely in the face. We may reason from cause to effect, from effect to cause, the result is the same. The question plainly presented to every individual is ; Is immunity from pain and suffering worth the little effort required to prevent them ? It is purposed in the following pages to consider some of the causes of pain, and teach prevention. As we improve our condition and knowledge, greater results may be anticipated, but we shall derive immediate benefit. Improvement is a forced state ; if we relax our efforts we shall be extremely liable to retrograde.

We have shown that it is a fixed law that th capacities and dispositions of the parent are engarfted upon the offspring. Sick parents beget sickly children. Parents who keep their sexual functions in a state of excitement beget children that will be precocious in this direction. Consumptives beget consumptives. Venereal diseases descend through several generations, blighting the lives of many in the descent. Stock-raisers study the law of hereditary transmission, and is the human race of less consequence? All these considerations have a more or less direct bearing upon the pains and perils of child-bearing, and it is designed in the following pages to specify these causes, explain their operations, point out both preventives and remedies, and render each woman capable of painless childbirth.

28 PAINLESS CUILDBinTlt

Chapter II. Maternity

Woman's Legitimate Object— The Highest and Holiest to which She Can Aspire— What Maternity Implies— Its Beginning and End— Early Development of Characteristic Traits— Maternity Encouraged by the Ancients— All Women are Not Fit to Become Mothers— How the Transmission^ of Disease may be Favored or Opposed— Matrimonial Selections— Woman, Instead of Legislatures, Should Control Her Functions—How Our Civil Laws Operate— Abuses of Reproduction—Opinions of Authors— The Confliction of Social and Natural Laws— Laws Against Preventing Conception— As Many Sterile Women Want Children as Fertile Ones Want to Prevent Them— A Mistake of the Newly-Married— The Proper Ao-e for Marriage, and its Influence on Mother and Child— Symptoms of Conception— Mothers' Marks— How Produced, How Prevented— Longings— Meddlesome Busy-bodies— The Plan of the Ancient Greeks— Who Should Nourish the Child.

The office of maternity is peculiarly that of woman, and is the highest and holiest to which she can aspire. Its attainment requires many sacrifices which she is ever ready to make, and she considers herself amply repaid for the pains and perils she has to undergo when she clasps to her breast her new-born babe, the culmination of her anxiety, the central object of her affections, to her the crowning blessing of earth.

Maternity is a legitimate object of woman's existence, to be attained only through the exercise of a certain function which, for the welfare of society, is not to be indulged outside of the marriage institution. For this reason, if for no other, the parties to a marriage contract should study the law of adaptation. Each party should possess good health, be free from any hereditary taint, and be by disposition prepared to reciprocate the love of each other. To love and be loved, to forgive and be forgiven, is essential to the happiness of both.

Philoprogenitiveness, or love of offspring, is a faculty that " renders children the richest treasure of their parents, and casts into the shade all the toil and expense they cause, and lacerates them with bitter pangs when death or distance tears them asunder. It is much larger in woman than in man." The father may love his children earnestly, ardently, but it is different from the love of the mother. His affection may be turned away from them, but the love of the mother endureth to the end.

The intensity of a mother's love is manifested in the sacrifices she makes to secure her child's happiness. Perhaps forsaken by the father of her babe, she struggles on alone in the world, careless alike ol frowns and hardships, only intent upon its welfare. Dying, her last prayer is for her child.

She deprives herself of innumerable pleasures, foregoes the enjoyments of society, assumes the risks of unknown dangers, endures the pains of childbirth — many times suffering from the earliest period of gestation until long after delivery, to attain the joys of motherhood.

Maternity begins with conception and ends only with the grave. Maternal instincts may exist in early life, and in the barren, but she must pass through the process of gestation, and undergo the ordeal of delivery — she must, in a word, become a mother — before she can fully realize what maternity means.

The adaptability of the female to the requirements of this important office is manifested very early in life — in childhood. While the boy plays with his ball, his horse and gun, manifests ambition, courage, power, exhibiting his aspirations to manhood, the little girl plays with her doll, imitates the matron, and by word and act, indicates her wishes for a "real baby" long before she* can possibly realize, even in the slightest degree, the difficulties and dangers the gratification of her desires imply.

Though it is through sexuality that maternity is to be attained, the maternal instinct is entirely distinct from the sexual impulse, and the realization of maternity is often experienced without any knowledge whatever of sexual gratification on the part of the mother.

Professor Laycock says :

Maternity is the first and fundamental duty of the female ; thb male never, in a single instance, in any organism, contributes nutrient material.

MATERNITY. 3i

Madame Sirrey says :

Those women who comprehend their rights and duties as mothers of families certainly cannot complain of their destiny.