The life and adventures of Jack Philip, rear admiral, U. S. N.

Front matter

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Preface To The New Edition

When the " Life and Adventures of Jack Philip — Admiral, U. S. N.," was published, 1903, it was not anticipated that the demand for the work would extend (to any considerable extent) beyond professional circles and the Immediate friends of the late Admiral. Consequently, a limited edition was printed; and no plates were made. The reception of the Memorial, however, has been so cordial that It has been found advisable to revise the whole work so as to present It in permanent book form.

In doing this, the writer has endeavored to retain, in substance, the articles so kindly contributed by the Admiral's brother officers and friends — although, necessarily (in the new form of continuous narrative, adopted for this second edition), the individuality of the several writers is, to a large extent, lost. It Is believed that by pursuing this method of treating the material In hand, a more desirable form of biography Is obtained. In every instance where extracts are

6 PREFACE TO NEW EDITION

made, however, due credit to the writer of the article is given.^

Captain Mahan's masterly Introduction, of course, Is preserved intact; also the late President McKinley's epigraph, and Philip's Own Story of the Santiago Sea Fight, which has become a document of historical value. Philip's journal of a three years' cruise in the Far East is of interest at this time as It contains descriptions of scenes In the Philippines, China, Japan and Corea. Their value Is enhanced by the Induction of simple, though serviceable, maps. This journal has been, to some extent, condensed but. It Is believed, that all Its salient features of general Interest have been retained. Philip was among the first American naval officers to visit Corea.

In conclusion, the writer begs to acknowledge the very handsome support the Memorial has received

* The articles referred to were written by William McKinley, our martyr President ; Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, U. S. N. ; John Davis Long, ex-Secretary of the Navy; Mary Philip Wheelock, sister of Admiral Philip ; Chaplains David Howard Tribou and Robert Edward Steele, U. S. N. ; Henry Brown Floyd Macfarland, President of the Board of Commissioners for the District of Columbia ; Admirals William Thomas Sampson, George Beall Balch, Francis John Higginson, Henry Clay Taylor and Francis Tiffany Bowles ; Chief Engineer Edward Biddle Latch, U. S. N. ; Captain Daniel Delehanty, U. S. N. ; Lieutenant Francis J. Haeseler, U. S. N. ; William Myers Hoes, Public Administrator for New York City; and Marcus H. Rogers, of Massachusetts.

FROM DEWEY, DOWN 7

from the navy; from Admiral Dewey down to those in the lowest ratings whose contribution of the subscription price made an appreciable diminution in

their scanty pay.

E. S. M.

New York, May, 1904.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

There have been few officers in the United States navy whose careers have been so nearly ideal as that of John Woodward Philip. His life-long devotion to duty, his conscientious carrying-on of routine in the many dreary years of peace, his entire innocence of newspaper press bureaus or politico-social influence, his superb conduct in battle, his modest, sailor-like acknowledgments of the plaudits of his countrymen and, more than all, his beautiful Christian character have peculiarly endeared him to the American people. As a standard of naval excellence for the emulation of younger officers, the career of Philip is unsurpassed and cannot fail of beneficial results.

To know Jack Philip — as he always will be affectionately known by those close to him — was to love him; and, perhaps, the grandeur of his character is nowhere shown to better advantage than in his private letters and diary in which he unconsciously displays the full brilliancy of his soul. It is gener-

10 EXPLANATORY NOTE

ally supposed — and to some extent true — that a diary is merely a monotonous entry of dates, conditions of the weather and other matters of purely individual interest. An exception must be made in the case of Philip. His private papers are replete with observations of the keenest human interest, while his sense of humor — so characteristic of the man — bubbles through all his writings, rendering them in the highest degree readable. In his journal of a cruise in the Far East, 1865-68, are many incidents of historic value, his landing on Chinese soil and capture of the notorious outlaw, Hon, easily ranking with the most brilliant of our " lesser " naval exploits.

As a means of presenting these valuable records in the most readable form, the somewhat unusual plan of having the main narrative illuminated, here and there, by " cross-lights " from the pens of those who knew Philip best, has been adopted. The writer desires to acknowledge the great assistance he has received from Barrett Philip. To him belongs the credit for the conception of this work.

There has been some dispute as to the precise wording of Philip's now famous exclamation at the naval battle of Santiago : " Don't cheer, men; those

A FAMOUS EXPRESSION ii

poor fellows are dying! " In some popular accounts the word " devils " is substituted for *' fellows." It has been the privilege of the writer to read through the private papers of Philip for a period extending over forty years, and nowhere does the word " devil " or any approach to harsh speech appear. It is highly inferential, therefore, that Philip, on this supreme occasion, was not guilty of any looseness of expression.

On the other hand, it is stoutly maintained by some competent to speak authoritatively, that Philip did use the word " devils," and as the weight of opinion seems to be on the last rendering of this famous expression, it has been adopted in this work.

New York, April, 1903.

E. S. M.

Contents

PAGE

List of Illustrations 23

Introduction by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, U. S. N. (retired) 25

Chapter I. Boyhood Days

His ideas of honor and truth — Aggressive honesty — Philip's contagious laugh — It frequently gets him into trouble at school — Miss Philipse and George Washington — Philip's Dutch and Puritanical ancestry — Brought up to the Dutch tongue — Early boyish pranks — Dislike for " fuss and feathers " — Assumes command in an emergency — In a neighbor's orchard — Early religious trait . 41

Chapter II. At Annapolis

"Appointing himself" to Annapolis — The lost letter and where it was found — Arrival of newcomers at the naval school — Strange " sights " that drifted in — Philip at once becomes popular — Shyness in women's company — Outwitting a professor — "Marching" into a river — Severity of the discipline — Nearly dismissed for demerit marks — His meerschaum pipe — As an expert at " blowing rings " 52

Chapter III. Fags

Aboard the grand old Constitution — Defending that ship — A thorough seaman — His kindness to under oflBcers — On different ships in the civil war — An impromptu exhibition of rare seamanship — Hot work before Charleston — The Paumee hit forty-six times in one battle — Although wounded, Philip keeps up the fight — A shower of splinters — A post bellum anecdote of the fight — She wanted to see an officer of the " Hateful old Pawnee " — And she did 6i

Chapter IV. His First Long Cruise

Ordered to the Wachusett — A sister to the famous Kearsarge — The Wachusett-Florida affair — Its peculiar results in the Wachusett' s cruise — Daily peril of sailors at sea — List of the Wachusett's officers — Guessing as to the ship's probable return home — Philip's fighting capacity

— Getting ready for sea — " Spirits very much depressed"

— Eager to be off — Wail of an executive officer ... 70

Chapter V. On A Secret Mission Of War

"All hands up anchor" — Heading the ship seaward — Many prostrated by seasickness — Philip never seasick — Yes, but very homesick — Clearing St. George's Bank — Demand for the man who wrote " Life on the Ocean Wave" — First exercise of the crew — Fair weather puts all in good spirits — " Lonely sea life " — Rumors about the Shenandoah — In high hopes of falling in with her — Getting into " real hot weather " — Sunday in a war ship at sea — A beautiful scene — Seeking the trade winds — Struck them at last — Cleaning the store rooms — Punish-

PAGE

ing the " blacklisters " — " Quite a large waterspout " —

Land ho ! 78

Chapter VI. At Martinique

Philip's attachment to his ship — On the scene of many naval battles — Grandeur of the scenery — At anchor oflf Fort St. Louis — French officials kindly permit the Wachusett to remain for repairs — Surrounded by " bumboats " — Official call on the Governor — His beautifully laid out grounds — A Yankee horse and buggy — Curious scenes on shore — Visit to a French war ship — Sight-seeing — A Shenandoah scare — Preparation for immediate action — Philip's ability to read character — " Me no speakee English " — Coaling at Martinique — A singular but eflFective method — Attending an official dinner at the French Governor's — "A pure French dinner in the best

style." 90

CHAPTER Vn.

TWO SERIOUS PREDICAMENTS.

Talking with the Alahamc^s pilot — Report of three Confederate cruisers lying in wait — Ready to fight Confederate cruisers — " We run hard and fast on rocks " — In a critical position — Kindness of the French and English — Floated off again — Damages — Meeting old friends

— Descriptions of St. Pierre — Lady visitors — Another serious predicament — Glorious news from the United States 100

CHAPTER Vni.

ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.

Philip a delightful fellow traveler — Sailing from St. Pierre

— Beautiful ocean scenery — Very strong trade winds — Atmospheric changes — " Rolling very deep " — Striking the " variables " — Picking up a bottle in mid-ocean — A beautiful rainbow — Heavy weather — A beautiful Sunday at sea — " Jilting the variables " 109 i6 CONTENTS

CHAPTER IX.

CAPE DE VERDES,

PAGE

Entering port — Washington's Head — Coaling under difficulties — A mongrel population — News of Lincoln's assassination — Rumors of war with England — Excellent target practice — Good-by to Port Grande — Arrival at Port Praya — Philip's bluntness — His fondness for the American " Tea Table " — Sad condition of the natives at Port Fraya — "Twenty thousand starved to death last year" — Dropping dead in the streets — Another Shenandoah scare

— As an expert horseback rider Ii8

CHAPTER X.

UNDER THE SOUTHERN CROSS.

Loss of an anchor — Its serious consequences — Tedious delays — St. Anthony with his " feet up " — Superstitious seamen — " We gave up the lost anchor and sailed " — The Wachusett's ill-luck — What hot weather really is — "Crossing the line" — An amusing ceremony — Philip pays his fine — "A monkey overboard 1" 130

CHAPTER XI.

UNDE» A LEE SHORE.

Real troubles begin — Under a "lee shore" — A short food supply — "Our men were getting hungry" — A change of programme — Almost a mutiny — Trying to intercept provision ships — " Only one day's coal on board " — Struck by a pampero — An appalling situation — A terrific gale — No land in sight — Forced to put into a Brazilian port

— A peculiar situation — An abrupt departure of Brazilian officials — An all-night struggle to get provisions for

a starving ship's company 138

CHAPTER XII.

AT RIO DE JANEIRO.

PAGE

The Wachusett restored to grace — City of Our Lady of Solitude — Philip's " never " — Recoaling — A bewilderment of legal holidays — The Wachusett's consolation — A lady in the case — An unsolicited " ducking " — " Some Brazilian princess" — Birthday of the Queen of Portugal — "The Emperor's new son-in-law" — "Another Brazilian princess" — "A little jaunt to Petropolis " — Magnificent mountain scenery — Breakfast at the Mc- Dowall House 148

CHAPTER XIII.

EASTWARD HO !

Good-by to Rio de Janeiro — Simon's Bay — Neat appearance of the town — Some English target practice — In Table Bay — Few repairs — A trip into the interior — Philip an enthusiastic Mason — Gets many naval officers into the order — A Masonic dinner — Arrival of the Hartford — Full swing of social functions — A picnic "out in the country" — The Hartford outsails the Wachusett — A singular phenomenon — " The strangest night I ever experienced" — A dismal Christmas and New Year's — Batavia — "Very dark and thick" — "The everlasting dollar " — Batavia and its inhabitants as they seemed to Philip — " Everybody rides in carriages " — How the Sabbath is not kept holy — Departure from Batavia — A Yankee by the name of Moses in Borneo — "The Rajah of Ambong" — Speaking under difficulties

— "A city of fifty small huts " — Impressing the natives

— Off for Manila — " Manila is going to the dogs " — Put out at the bayonet's point — Arrival at Hong Kong . 156

CHAPTER XIV.

CAPTURING A BAND OF OUTLAWS.

First letter from home — Macao as Philip saw it ^— The Wachusett's " boys " appall the old Governor — A visit to

PAGE

Canton — A jolly party in sedan chairs — In the "cat, dog and rat market" — Return to Hong Kong — "Man overboard 1 " — A desperate struggle in a wild sea — " Running over" a pirate junk — On the scene of trouble

— Captain Townsend an officer of decision — An armed escort — Chinese "promises" — A fatal river experience

— Threat to " murder all foreigners " — Inspecting the land pirates' headquarters — Landing a large detachment of men — "We were received in some state" — " Foreign white devils " — A midnight expedition — Surrounding the land pirates — Capture of their leader and his two sons — A Chinese criminal trial — Tortures — Extracting testimony by torture — The prisoners " confess " — " Old Cheung much worried " — Release of the captives 169

CHAPTER XV.

BUSY ON WAR-LIKE ERRANDS.

At Teng-Chan-Fu — Marching into a walled city — " Heads of three Chinamen in cages over the gate to awe us " — But they didn't awe — All the authorities fled — Dealing with an " unofficial city " — Chasing the authorities — In a "tremendous current" — Expedition up the Yangtse — Sudden death of Captain Townsend — Arrival at Yokohama, Japan — Formal procession to Yeddo — Ordered back to China — In a terrific typhoon — Strange electrical phenomena — Superb scenery of the Inland Sea — Cleared for action — Attacks by Chinese pirates — Pirates waiting for the Parsee — "Captain Shufeldt's Chinese card" — The Wachusett sent to Corea for " satisfaction " — Massacre of the General Sherman's crew — No charts — Philip's Islet — Corean mandarin entrapped in a network of falsehoods — Shufeldt's warning — Overrun with Coreans — Return to China — "He thought the United States was a small place " — Undeceived — The Wachusett saves a city — The missionaries at Foo Chow — Philip's bitter disappointment — His transfer to the Hartford — A typhoon

— "It was a frightful night" — Dragging with three anchors down — Opening a Japanese port — Tragic death of Admiral Bell and eleven men — The homeward-bound voyage again postponed — Philip's submission to duty — Homeward-bound, at last 182

CHAPTER XVI.

" IN PIPING TIMES OF PEACE."

Philip as an executive officer — Difficulties of the position — An illustration — Always popular with the men — The episode with Da Gama — Philip's tact — Splendid discipline in the Richmond — "Go 'way, Dago; Go 'way" — Return to the Asiatic squadron — Service in the Pacific Mail Steamship Company — A position of peculiar nicety — The " Woodruff Scientific Expedition " — In command at a picnic — Some amusing anecdotes — Surveying the west coast of Mexico — Preferring a " fine lady to a fine ship" — His marriage — "Philip disappeared over the other side " — "I haven't changed my mind " . . 197

CHAPTER XVII.

REFORMING A " HOODOO " SHIP.

On the Pacific Slope — Superintending the building of the New York — " Read more Scripture to them " — The Brazilian revolution — "Clear ship for action" — Working on Sunday — Philip's self-denial — Unfortunate reputation of the Texas — Captain Delehanty persuades Philip to apply for her command — Philip ordered to the Texas

— Lieutenant Haeseler's splendid work — Philip's democracy — News of the sinking of the Maine — Philip's sudden change of mind when he heard of the disaster — Urgent repairs in the Texas — Cutting " red tape " — A lady who said " good-by to the Huron " — Preparedness of the Texas — Her " slowness of fire " — Its remedy . . . 212

CHAPTER XVIII.

BEFORE SANTIAGO.

PAGE

Philip and the Texas — " In the long dreary days of blockade " — Philip and Higginson — An accidental shot — A wig- wag message — Bombardment of Santiago — Casualties of the enemy — Effect on the Spaniards — A " wholesome dread " — " Don't fight on the Sabbath " — Sampson postpones attack until Monday — "Cleaning out Guantanamo harbor " — A narrow escape from mines — Gallant conduct of the Texas — Narrow escape of her officers — One of the "Incidents of the war" — Philip was not "dead" — Brilliant attack of the Texas — "All we want is plenty of 6-inch common shell " 222

CHAPTER XIX.

Philip's own story of Santiago.

"The weary days of waiting" — "Were you afraid?" — The strain of blockade duty — On the morning of July 3d — "I was half way up the steps" — A tremendous rush — "Pumping shells" — Naval Cadet Reynolds — "As the Spanish squadron steamed proudly past " — " As gaily as brides to the altar" — "Where are our battle flags?" — As the smoke lifted — The Brooklyn and Texas nearly in collision — "Back both engines hard" — "I have always wanted to fool that woman " — " Shells screaming about our ears " — A fortunate change of position — " Firing only when a good target could be plainly seen " — "I remember pitching up in the air with my coat tails flying out behind me " — A disastrous shell in the Texas — Firing at the destroyers — " The men in the engine and fire rooms working like beavers" — "Cease firing" — "Wiliest of all the Spanish vessels " — " For two hours this grim and silent chase was pursued " 234

CHAPTER XX.

A HAPPY RETURN HOME.

PAGE

At the Dewey parade — " His modesty, simplicity and courtesy" — "Frank and interesting" — "There's Jack Philip!" — Speaking at the Naval Academy — An embarrassing ordeal — Addressing a large audience — "Duty to God" — "The eternal verities" — His dislike at remaining in Washington — Some tars make Philip an umpire in a dispute 255

CHAPTER XXI.

PHILIP AND THE NAVAL Y. M. C. A.

His interest in Christian work — Efforts to better the condition of sailors — Dread of public notice — " It will be my duty, no matter how unpleasant" — Admiral Bunce's indorsement of the naval Y. M. C. A. — His beginning of the work — Philip's providential assignment to the New York Navy Yard — His name a tower of strength — Interesting wealthy citizens in the project — Call on Seth Low — Selecting a suitable building — A successful opening — Enlisting Miss Gould's aid — Our Admiral . . 264

CHAPTER XXII.

LAST DAYS.

A remarkable home-coming reception — Considered as a candidate for Governor of New York — Gift from the Sunday School Children of Texas — Promoted to rank of Commodore — Declining health — A Rear-Admiral, at last — Suffering from heart disease — A serious stroke — A gallant rally — Medical consultation — Unselfish, even unto death — Last moments — Funeral services — Ceremonies at Annapolis 274

CHAPTER XXIII.

Conclusion

PACK

Philip typical of many naval officers — He improved his " opportunity " — Preparing for activity in dull years of inactivity — " Kept the faith and made a good fight " — Long preparation for emergency — Sudden death of Captain Townsend — Philip's broad-mindedness — Never " held in a grudge " — His dominating patriotism — Superior to his religious fervor — Innocent of " wire-pulling " — Sought for good, rather than bad, in all — A Christian gentleman 280

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Rear-Admiral John Woodward Philip, U

Annapolis Naval Academy

Midshipman Philip

Scene of Philip's Cruises in the Atlantic

U. S. S. Wachusett Under All Sail

Captain Robert Townsend, U. S. N.

A Group of the Wachusett' s Officers

Captain Philip, U. S. N.

Scene of Philip's Cruise in the Far East

U. S. S. Texas ....

Officers of the Texas .

The Searchlight Aboard the Texas

Effect of a Spanish Shell in the Texas

•* Back Both Engines Hard ! "

Mrs. John Woodward Philip .

Funeral Procession in the New York Navy Yard

S. N. Frontispiece ■'■^

Opposite page 52

Introduction

BY

captain alfred thayer mahan, u. s. n. (retired.)

One of the first impressions made upon an observant reader, by the articles which form part of this work, can scarcely fail to be how much of interesting incident, pathetic, amusing, characteristic, what not, must appear in the common daily life of any man if it were only duly recorded; but which most often passes away with him and is lost, unless some unusual circumstances, as in the case of Admiral Philip, lead to a collection of reminiscences, before the deaths of those in whose memories they lie hid shall have covered the man's career with a veil of almost total oblivion.

Admiral Philip, however, was not an ordinary man. That he had a strongly marked personality, as well as a varied experience of life, is sufficiently testified, even to the most casual reader of the following sketches. Written, as these are, by many different persons, each cannot fail to emphasize from his own point of view those particular traits of character, or those special incidents, which his own individuality has made him most quick to appreciate; but, nevertheless, the common humanity which underlies all our superficial diversities will also give its own coloring to each narrative. The uniformity of impression hence resulting, the unpremeditated accord of many witnesses, will give assurance of the broad outlines defining the man's character, of the basis of principle and belief upon which conduct rested, of the nature, original or modified, which showed itself spontaneously when any special call elicited an external manifestation of the inner spirit that made him what he was; when, as It were, out of the abundance of the heart the very man himself has spoken, whether by uttered word or by silent deed.

I suppose that, with so many independent narratives placed in my hands, with the request to prepare an introduction to them, it is proper that I should contribute — not reminiscences of my own but — an attempt, at least, to gather into one the result of the recollections and of the traits of character presented by the other writers. To this, and to this only, in

A STRONG PERSONALITY 27

the scheme of a memorial to Philip, could my relations to his life at all summon me; for, while I knew him for over forty years, and always on terms of pleasantest intimacy when we met, our association was ever interrupted and infrequent. Except for the three months of practice cruise, in 1857, during the summer after we both entered the Naval Academy, we never sailed in the same ship and, only for brief intervals were even in the same squadron. I have, indeed, my own clear and vivid sense of his personality, for he was not a man to glide smoothly over one's consciousness, even in a brief interview, and to leave no abiding trace on the memory; his glance, face and speech, keen and trenchant as a razor, were equally incisive and immediate in the effect produced. One understood something about him at once, and much more than is generally gathered about the average man in an even longer period ; but it was not my privilege to enjoy with him that continued intimacy, in virtue of which one can at last say that he knows his fellow.

Philip was fortunate in the choice, or chance, of his profession. Whatever in ultimate analysis was the ground-work of his native character, he found himself at once thoroughly at home and at ease in the seaman's calling. I remember that even in that early cruise, 1857, when probably he first saw the sea — for he came from inland — there was a happy forwardness about him in all the workings of the ship that showed he was enjoying himself. Whatever was going on, if you remembered anything about it afterward, you were pretty sure to remember also Philip's face, keen and smiling among the throng. He stood out among others by dint of the constant repetition with which the eye seemed ever involuntarily to light upon him, and simply because he was always there where the weight of the work fell; at the bunt in furling, at the earring in reefing and close to the block in a heavy drag. He was not one to be found " walking away with the deck," unless conditions justified the indulgence in practical humor — which was not the least developed of his characteristics.

This early fondness for the sea remained always. Coupled with the diffidence in women's company which so strongly marked him, and which is mentioned by more than one of the writers following, it prevented for many years the intrusion into his affections of the rival, whose demoralizing influence the profession in all ages has been prompt to recognize.

"ALL FOR THE SERVICE " 29

The droll story told of Philip in Captain Delehanty's paper is the echo of Lord St. Vincent a century ago, " When a man marries, he Is ruined for the service; " and the remark was certainly not original with St. Vincent. There is in this, doubtless, a certain amount of humorous exaggeration ; yet there are few officers who have not known cases where it was Hterally true, and all have seen in many instances the weakening effects of the struggle between the two masters — the home and the profession — which is, perhaps, of all hardships the one most peculiar to the naval career. Philip married comparatively late In life; and hence, for many years, while habit was hardening Into character, he ran his naval race in the light of a single eye, undistracted by cross-lights and unimpeded by external cares. His heart was in his command, and nowhere else; he had at that time what Marryat called " the bad taste to prefer a fine ship to a fine lady." Thus it happened that, beyond almost all men of his time, he was recognized as typically the seaman; not merely In professional capacity, for there he had many rivals, but in that strong personal identification and attachment which have found definition In the forcible old phrase — " All for the service." Under these circumstances, It would be expected that the finer type of naval character would develop freely in him and become predominant ; and so it was. Those traits which the consensus of professional opinion — the best qualified critics — has pronounced to be foremost in the equipment of a seaman and an officer, were prominent in him. First of all, the sense of duty, the tendency to foster which is one of the highest and most distinctive privileges of a profession which has many drawbacks to overweigh.

The sobering, yet stimulating, effect of responsibility is doubtless felt in every profession, and receives noble illustration in all; but the comparatively small inducements which the prospects of the naval profession offer for the play of self-interest throws men back, in the many moments of monotonous weariness, almost wholly upon the sense of duty as the sufficient incentive to action, until the constant repetition of willing obedience to its dictates results in habit practically unconscious. So, too, in the visible reliance and utter dependence of the small ship family upon the fidelity of each member to his allotted function in the organization, are so constantly obvious in the exigencies of sea life, that obligation cannot be ignored as easily as it can In occupations where a man's relations to others, and the effect of his action

HIS ENVIRONMENT 31

upon their welfare, are less immediately and less constantly evident. It Is easy to forget that which is not under one's eyes; but In the narrow life of a ship no permanent condition can long remain out of sight, or be thrust out of mind, as the homes of the rich can forget the slums. And hence, also. It is that the superior can enforce unpleasant tasks and, as It were, excuse his own insistence upon them by the same appeal to duty, knowing that not only It cannot be resisted but that also It relieves him from the imputation of Inconslderateness to which a distasteful order is apt to give rise. The feeling, therefore, is all pervasive, thoroughly mutual and. In its action. Incessant.