The war of Greek independence, 1821 to 1833

Front matter

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Chapter II

The preparation — Hope of Russian support — Catherine II. — The Hetairia Philike — Count John Capodistrias offered the leadership of the Greeks — His refusal — Prince Alexander Hypsilanti chosen — Ali Pasha of Janina — His origin — He conquers Tepeleni — His cruelties — He aims at creating an Albanian kingdom — His fall Page 19

Chapter III

The rising in the Principalities — Prince Alexander Hypsilanti crosses the Pruth — Cold reception by the Rou-

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manian peasants — Massacres at Galatz and Yassy — Incax3acity of Hypsilanti — He marches to Bucharest — Heterogeneous constitution of the insurgent force — The Patriarch of Constantinople anathematises the revolt — It is denounced by the Czar — Treachery of Savas — Murder of Vladimiresco — Battle of Dragashan — Collapse of the revolt — Death of Georgaki — Last stand of the Greeks at Skuleni Page 30

Chapter IV

The rising in the Morea — Neglect of precautions by the Mussulmans — Activity of Greek agitators — Pappa Phlesas — Archbishop Germanos — The beginning of hostilities — A w^ar of extermination — Leaders of the revolt — Kolokotrones — Petrobey Mavromichales — First successes and cruelties of the Greeks — Siege of Monemvasia — ^Arrival of Prince Demetrius Hypsilanti — Greek atrocities at Monemvasia, Vrachori, and Navarino — • Siege and massacre of Tripolitza — Eevolt of the islands — Greek successes and atrocities at sea — Admiral Miaoulis — First employment of fireships by the Greeks — Destruction of Galaxidi by the Turks Page 44

CHAPTER Y

Turkish reprisals — Execution of the Patriarch of Constantinople — Eifect of the news on European opinion — Protest of Eussia — Suppression of the revolt to the north of Thermopylae — Anarchy in Greece — Attempts to form Governments — First Congress of Argos — The Constitution of Epidaurus — Mavrocordatos elected President.

CONTENTS IX

CHAPTEE VI

Death of Elias Mavromichales — Odysseus of Ithaka — His treachery before Karystos — The massacre of Chios — The vengeance of Ivanaris — Mahmoud's plan for the reconquest of Greece — Odysseus in East Hellas — Fall of the Acropolis — Massacre of the Turks — Invasion of Dramali — The Turks at Argos — Defeat of Dramali in the pass of Devernaki, and at Agionori — Destruction of the Turkish army — Expedition of Mavrocordatos for the relief of the Suliots — Defeat of Peta — Advance of Omer Vrioni in West Hellas — First siege of Missolonghi Page 88

CHAPTER VII

Attitude of the Powers — Policy of Canning — Russo-Turkish war postponed — Threatened break-up of the Holy Alliance — Dissensions among the Greeks — Odysseus in East Hellas — Kolokotrones — Second National Assembly at Astros — Feud between the civil and military elements — Petrobey elected President — Kolokotrones defies the Assembly — Campaign of Yussuf Pasha in East Hellas — Cruise of Khosrew Pasha — Invasion of Western Hellas by Mustai Pasha — Exploit of Marko Botzares at Karpenisi — Successful defence of Anatoliko — Renewal of civil strife — Government flies to Kranidi — First Civil War — Submission of Kolokotrones Page 113

CHAPTER VIII

Arrival of Lord Byron in Greece — Effect on European opinion — The first Greek loans — Byron's opinion of the Greeks — He goes to Missolonghi — His death — Presidency

Contents

of Konduriottes — Eenewed dissensions — The second Civil War — Complete victory of the Government^ — Imprisonment of Kolokotrones Page 135

CHAPTER IX

Sultan Mahmoud appeals to Mehemet Ali of Eg'ypt for aid — Insurrection in Crete — Hussein Bey pacifies Crete — Preparations of Mehemet Ali for the invasion of the Morea — Destruction of Kasos — ^Ibrahim sails to Rhodes — He celebrates the feast of Bairam in the Bay of Makry — Destruction of Psara by Khosrew^ Pasha — Turkish attack on Samos repulsed — Naval engagements of Budrun — Victory of Miaoulis off Crete — Mutinous conduct of the Hydriot seamen — Ibrahim reaches Suda. .Page 151