The personal life of David Livingstone... chiefly from his unpublished journals and correspondence in the possession of his family, by William Garden Blaikie...

Preface

The purpose of this work is to make the world better acquainted with the character of Livingstone. His discoveries and researches have been given to the public in his own books, but his modesty led him to say little in these of himself, and those who knew him best feel that little is known of the strength of his affections, the depth and purity of his devotion, or the intensity of his aspirations as a Christian missionary. The growth of his character and the providential shaping of his career are also matters of remarkable interest, of which not much has yet been made known.

An attempt has been made in this volume, likewise, to present a more complete history of his life than has yet appeared. Many chapters of it are opened up of which the public have hitherto known little or nothing. It has not been deemed necessary to dwell on events recorded in his published Travels, except for the purpose of connecting the narrative and making it complete. Even on these, however, it has been found that not a little new light and colour may be thrown from his correspondence with his friends and his unpublished Journals.

Much pains has been taken to show the unity and iv PREFACE.

symmetry of his character. As a man, a Christian, a missionary, a philanthropist, and a scientist, Livingstone ranks with the greatest of our race, and shows the minimum of infirmity in connection with the maximum of goodness. Nothing can be more telling than his life as an evidence of the truth and power of Christianity, as a plea for Christian Missions and civilisation, or as a demonstration of the true connection between religion and science.

So many friends have helped in this book that it is impossible to thank all in a preface. Most of them are named in the body of the work. Special acknowledgments, however, are due to the more immediate members of Dr. Livingstone's family, at whose request the work was undertaken ; also to his sisters, the Misses Livingstone of Hamilton, to Mr. Young of Kelly, to the venerable Dr. Moffat, and Mrs. Vavasseur his daughter. The use of valuable collections of letters has been given by the following (in addition to the friends already named) : — The Directors of the London Missionary Society ; Dr. BAsdon Bennett ; Rev. G. D. Watt ; Rev. Joseph Moore ; Rev. W. Thompson, Cape Town ; J. B. Braithwaite, Esq. ; representatives of the late Sir R. I. Murchison, Bart., and of the late Sir Thomas Maclear ; Rev. Horace Waller, Mr. and Mrs. Webb of Newstead Abbey, Mr. F. Fitch, of London, Rev. Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, and Senhor Nunes of Quilimane. Other friends have forwarded letters of less importance. Some of the letters have reached the hands of the writer after the completion of the book, and have therefore been used bat sparingly.

PREFACE. v

The recovery of an important private journal of Dr. Livingstone, which had been lost at the time when the Missionary Travels was published, has thrown much new light on the part of his life immediately preceding his first great journey.

In the spelling of African proper names, Dr. Moffat has given valuable help. Usually Livingstone's own spelling has been followed.

A Map has been specially prepared, in which the

geographical references in the volume are shown, which

will enable the reader to follow Livingstone's movements

from place to place.

With so much material, it would have been easier to

write a life in two volumes than in one ; but for obvious

reasons it has been deemed desirable to restrict it to the

present limits. The author could wish for no higher

honour than to have his name associated with that of

Livingstone, and can desire no greater pleasure than that

of conveying to other minds the impressions that have

been left on his own.

Edinburgh, 9 Palmerston Eoad.

Chapter I. Page

Ulva — The Livingstones — Traditions of Ulva life — The " Baugh ting-time" — " Kirsty's Bock " — Removal of Livingstone's grandfather to Blantyre — Highland blood — Neil Livingstone — His marriage to Agnes Hnnter — Her grandfather and father — Monument to Neil and Agnes Livingstone in Hamilton Cemetery — David Livingstone born 19th March 1813 — Boyhood — At home — In school — David goes into Blantyre Mill— First earnings — Night-school — His habits of reading — Natural-history expeditions — Great spiritual change in his twentieth year — Dick's Philosophy of a Future State — He resolves to be a missionary — Influence of occupation at Blantyre — Sympathy with the people — Thomas Burke and David Hogg — Practical character of his religion, .......... 1

Chapter II. Missionary Preparation

His desire to be a missionary to China — Medical missions — He studies at Glasgow — Classmates and teachers — He applies to London Missionary Society — His ideas of mission- work — He is accepted provisionally — He goes to London — to Ongar — Reminiscences by Bev. Joseph Moore — by Mrs. Gilbert — by Bev. Isaac Taylor — Nearly rejected by the Directors — Beturns to Ongar — to London — Letter to his sister — Reminiscences by Dr. Bisdon Bennett — Promise to Professor Owen — Impression of his character on his friends and fellow-students — Bev. B. Moffat in England — Livingstone interested — Could not be sent to China — Is appointed to Africa — Providential links in his history — -Illness — Last visits to his home — Receives Medical diploma — Parts from his family, . . .18 viii CONTENTS.

CHAPTER III. FIRST TWO YEARS IN AFRICA. a.d. 1841-1843

PAGE

His ordination — Voyage out — At Eio de Janeiro — At the Cape— He proceeds to Kuruman — Letters — Journey of 700 miles to Bechuana country — Selection of site for new station — Second excursion to Bechuana country — Letter to his sister — Influence with chiefs — Bubi — Construction of a water-dam — Sekomi — Woman seized by a lion — The Bakaa — Sebehwe — Letter to Dr. Iiisdon Bennett — Detention at Kuruman — He visits Sebehwe's village — Bakhatlas — Sechele, chief of Bakwains — Livingstone translates hymns — Travels 400 miles on oxback — Beturns to Kuruman — Is authorised to form new station — Receives contributions for native missionary — Letters to Directors on their Mission policy — He goes to new station- — Fellow-travellers — Purchase of site — Letter to Dr. Bennett — Desiccation of South Africa — Death of a servant, Sehamy — Letter to his parents, . 37

Chapter IV

FIRST TWO STATIONS — MABOTSA AND CHONUANE a.d. 1S43-1847.

Description of Mabotsa — A favourite hymn — General reading — Mabotsa infested with lions — Livingstone's encounter — The native deacon who saved him — His Sunday-school — Marriage to Mary Moffat — Work at Mabotsa — Proposed institution for training native agents — Letter to his mother — Trouble at Mabotsa — Noble sacrifice of Livingstone — Goes to Sechele and the Bakwains — New station at Chonuane — Interest shown by Sechele — Journeys eastward — The Boers and the Transvaal — Their occupation of the country, and treatment of the natives — Work among the Bakwains — Livingstone's desire to move on — Theological conflict at home — His view of it — His scientific labours and. miscellaneous employments, Co

Chapter V. Third Station — Kolobeng

Want of rain at Chonuaue — Removal to Kolobeng— House-building and public works— Hopeful prospects — Letters to Mr. Watt, his sister, and Dr. Bennett — The church at Kolobeng — Pure communion — Conversion of Sechele — Letter from his brother Charles — His history — Livingstone's

CONTENTS. ix

PAGE

relations with the Boers — He cannot get native teachers planted in the east — Eesolves to explore northwards— Extracts from Journal — Scarcity of water — Wild animals and other risks — Custom -house robberies and annoyances — Visit from Secretary of London Missionary Society — Manifold employments of Livingstone— Studies in Sichuana — His reflection on this period of his life while detained at Manyuema iu 1870, . • .84

CHAPTER VI. KOLOBENG continued — LAKE 'NGAMI

Kolobeng failing through drought— Sebituane's country and the Lake 'Ngami — Livingstone sets out with Messrs. Oswell and Murray — Rivers Zouga and Tamanak'le — Old ideas of the interior revolutionised — Enthusiasm of Livingstone — Discovers Lake '"Ngami — Obliged to return — Prize from Royal Geographical Society— Second expedition to the lake, with wife and children — Children attacked by fever — Again obliged to return — Conviction as to healthier spot beyond — Idea of finding passage to sea either west or east — Birth and death of a child — Family visits Kuruman — Third expedition, again with family — He hopes to find a new locality — Perils of the journey — He reaches Sebituane — The Chief's illness and death — Distress of Livingstone — Mr. Oswell and he go on to Linyanti — Discovery of the Upper Zambesi — No locality found for settlement — More extended journey necessary — He returns — Birth of Oswell Livingstone — Crisis in Livingstone's life — His guiding principles — New plans — The Makololo begin to practise slave-trade — New thoughts about commerce — Letters to Directors — The Bakwains — Pros and cons of his new plan — His unabated missionary zeal — He goes with his family to the Cape — His literary activity, 9S

CHAPTER VII. FROM THE CAPE TO LINYANTI. a.d. 1852-1853

Unfavourable feeling at Cape Town — Departure of Mrs. Livingstone and children — Livingstone's detention and difficulties — Letter to his wife — to Agnes — Occupations at Cape Town — The Astronomer- Royal — Livingstone leaves the Cape and reaches Kuruman — Destruction of Kolobeng by the Boers — Letters to his wife and Rev. J. Moore — His resolution to open up Africa or perish — Arrival at Linyanti — Unhealthiness of the country — Thoughts on setting out for coast — Sekeletu's kindness — Livingstone's missionary activity — Death of Mpepe, and of his father — Meeting with

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Ma-mochisane — Barotse country — Determines to go to Loanda — Heathenism unadulterated — Taste for the beautiful — Letter to his children — to his father — Last Sunday at Linyanti — Prosjiect of his falling, . . . 129

CHAPTEP VIII.

FROM LINYANTI TO LOANDA.

Difficulties and hardships of journey — His travelling kit — Four books — His Journal— Mode of travelling — Beauty of country — Repulsiveness of the people — Their religious belief — The negro — Preaching — The magic lantern — Loneliness of feeling — Slave-trade — Management of the natives — Danger from Chiboque — from another chief — Livingstone ill of fever — At the Quango — Attachment of followers — " The good time coming " — Portuguese settlements — Great kindness of the Portuguese — Arrives at Loanda — Beceived by Mr. Gabriel — His great friendship — No letters — News through Mr. Gabriel — Livingstone becomes acquainted with naval officers — Resolves to go back to Linyanti and make for East Coast — Letter to his wife — Correspondence with Mr. Maclear — Accuracy of his observations — Sir John Herschei — Geographical Society award their gold medal — Remarks of Lord Ellesmere, 153

Chapter IX. From Loanda To Quilimane

Livingstone sets out from Loanda — Journey back — Effects of slavery — Letter to his wife — Severe attack of fever — He reaches the Barotse country — Day of thanksgiving — His efforts for the good of his men — Anxieties of the Moffats — Mr. Moffat's journey to Mosilikatse — Box at Linyanti — Letter from Mrs. Moffat — Letters to Mrs. Livingstone, Mr. Moffat, and Mrs. Moffat — Kindness of Sekeletu — New escort — He sets out for the East Coast — Discovers the Victoria Falls— The healthy longitudinal ridges — Pedestrianism — Great dangers — Narrow escapes — Triumph of the spirit of trust in God — Favourite texts — Preference to Captain M'Clure's experience — Chief subjects of thought — Structm*e of the continent — Sir Roderick Murchison anticipates his discovery — Letters to Geographical Society — First letter from Sir Roderick Murchison — Missionary labour — Monasteries — Protestant mission-stations wanting in self-support — Letter to Directors — Fever not so serious an obstruction as it seemed — His own hardships — Theories of mission-work — Expansions. Concentration — Views

CONTENTS. xi

PAGE

of a missionary statesman — He reaches Tette — Letter to King of Portugal — to Sir Roderick Murchison — Beaches Senna — Quilimane — Retrospect — Letter from Directors — Goes to Mauritius — Voyage home — Narrow escape from shipwreck in Bay of Tunis — He reaches England, Dec. 1856 — News of his father's death, 170

Chapter X. First Visit Home

A.D. 1856-1857.

Mrs. Livingstone — Her intense anxieties— Her poetical welcome — Congratulatory letters from Mrs. and Dr. Moffat — Meeting of welcome of Boyal Geographical Society — of London Missionary Society — Meeting in Mansion House — Enthusiastic public meeting at Cape Town — Livingstone visits Hamilton — Returns to London to write his book — Letter to Mr. Maclear — Dr. Bisdon Bennett's reminiscences of this period — Mr. Frederick Fitch's — Interview with Prince Consort — Honours — Publication and great success of Missionary Travels — Character and design of the book — Why it was not more of a missionary record — Handsome conduct of publisher — Generous use of the profits — Letter to a lady in Carlisle vindicating the character of his speeches, ....... . 198

CHAPTER XL

first visit home — continued.

Livingstone at Dublin, at British Association — Letter to his wife — He meets the Chamber of Commerce at Manchester — At Glasgow, receives honours from Corporation, University, Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, United Presbyterians, Cotton-spinners — His speeches in reply — His brother Charles joins him — Interesting meeting and speech at Hamilton — Beception from "Literary and Scientific Institute of Blantyre " — Sympathy with operatives — Quick apprehension of all public questions — His social views in advance of the age — He plans a People's Cafe — Visit to Edinburgh — More honours — better to Mr. Maclear — Interesting visit to Cambridge — Lectures there — Professor Sedgwick's remarks on his visit — > Livingstone's great satisfaction — Belations to London Missionary Society — He severs his connection — Proposal of Government expedition — He accepts consulship and command of expedition — Kindness of Lords

:ii CONTENTS.

PAGE

Palmerston and Clarendon — The Portuguese Ambassador — Livingstone proposes to go to Portugal — Is dissuaded — Lord Clarendon's letter to Sekeletu — Results of Livingstone's visit to England — Farewell banquet, February 1S58 — Interview with the Queen — Valedictory letters — Professor Sedgwick and Sir Roderick Murchison — Arrangements for expedition — Dr., Mrs., and Oswald Livingstone set sail from Liverpool — Letters to children, 217

Chapter XII. The Zambesi, And First Explorations Of The Shire

Dr. and Mrs. Livingstone sail in the "Pearl " — Characteristic instructions to members of Expedition — Dr. Livingstone conscious of difficult position — Letter to Robert — Sierra Leone — Effects of British Squadron and of Christian Missions — Dr. and Mrs. Moffat at Cape Town — Splendid reception there — Illness of Mrs. Livingstone — She remains behind — The five years of the Expedition — Letter to Mr. James Youug — to Dr. Moffat — Kongone entrance to Zambesi — Collision with Naval Officer — Disturbed state of the country — Trip to Kebrabasa Rapids — Dr. Livingstone applies for new steamer — Willing to pay for one himself — Exploration of the Shire — Murchison Cataracts — Extracts from private Journal — Discovery of Lake Shirwa — Correspondence — Letter to Agnes Livingstone — Trip to Tette — Kroomen and two members of Expedition dismissed — Livingstone's vindication — Discovery of Lake Nyassa — Bright hopes for the future — Idea of a colony — Generosity of Livingstone — Letters to Mr. Maclear, Mr. Young, and Sir Roderick Murchison — His sympathy with the " honest poor " — He hears of the birth of his youngest daughter, . . 241

Chapter XIII. Going Home With The Makololo

A.D. 1860.

Down to Kongone — State of the ship — Further delay — Letter to Secretary of Universities Mission — Letter to Mr. Braithwaite — At Tette — Miss Whately's sugar-mill — With his brother and Kirk it Kebrabasa — Mode of travelling — Reappearance of old friends — African warfare and its effects — Desolation — A European colony desirable — Escape from rhinoceros — Rumours of Moffat — The Portuguese local Governors oppose Livingstone — He becomes unpopular with them — Letter to Mr. Young — Wants of the

CONTENTS. xiii

PAGE

country — The Makololo — Approach home — Some are disappointed — News of the death of the London missionaries, the Helmores and others — Letter to Dr. Moffat— The Victoria Falls re-examined— Sekeletu ill of leprosy- Treatment and recovery — His disappointment at not seeing Mrs. Living. stone — Efforts for the spiritual good of the Makololo — Careful observations in Natural History— The last of the "Ma-Robert" — Cheering l^rospect of the Universities Mission — Letter to Mr. Moore — to Mr. Young — He wishes another ship — Letter to Sir Roderick Murchison on the rumoured journey of Silva Porto, 26<3

Chapter XIV. Rovuma And Nyassa — Universities Mission

Beginning of 1 SOI — Arrival of the "Pioneer," and of the agents of Universities Mission — Cordial welcome — Livingstone's catholic feelings — Ordered to explore the Rovuma — Bishop Mackenzie goes with him — Returns to the Shire — Turning-point of prosperity past — Difficult navigation — The slave-sticks — Bishop settles at Magomero — Hostilities between Manganja and Ajawa — Attack of Mission party by Ajawa — Livingstone's advice to Bishop regarding them — Letter to his son Robert — Livingstone, Kirk, and Charles start for Lake Nyassa — Party robbed at north of Lake — Dismal activity of the slave-trade — Awful mortality in the process — Livingstone's fondness for Punch — Letter to Mr. Young — Joy at departure of new steamer " Lady Nyassa "—Colonisation project — Letter against it from Sir R. Murchison — Hears of Dr. Stewart coming out from Free Church of Scotland — Visit at the ship from Bishop Mackenzie — News of defeat of Ajawa by missionaries — Anxiety of Livingstone — Arrangements for "Pioneer" to go to Kongone for new steamer and friends from home, then go to Ruo to meet Bishop — "Pioneer" detained — Dr. Livingstone's anxieties and depression at New Year — "Pioneer" misses man-of-war " Gorgon " — At length " Gorgon " appears with brig from England and "Lady Nyassa" — Mrs. Livingstone and other ladies on board — Livingstone's meeting with his wife, and with Dr. Stewart — Stewart's recollections — Difficulties of navigation — Captain Wilson of "Gorgon" goes up river and hears of death of Bishop Mackenzie and Mr. Burrup — Great distress — Misrepresentations about Universities Mission — Miss Mackenzie and Mrs. Burrup taken to "Gorgon" — Dr. and Mrs. Livingstone return to Shupanga — Illness and death of Mrs. Livingstone there — Extracts from Livingstone's Journal, and letters to the Moffats, Agnes, and the Murcbisons, • • « • • « 282 xiv CONTENTS.

Chapter XV. Last Two Years Of The Expedition

A.D. 1862-1863.

PAGE

Livingstone again buckles on his armour — Letter to Waller — Launch of "Lady Nyassa" — Too late for season — He explores the Rovuma — Fresh activity of the slave-trade — Letter to Governor of Mozambique about his discoveries — Letter to Sir Thomas Maclear — Generous offer of a party of Scotchmen — The Expedition proceeds up Zambesi with " Lady Nyassa " in tow — Appalling desolations of Marianno — Tidings of the Mission — Death of Scudamore — of Dickenson — of Thornton — Illness of Livingstone — Dr. Kirk and Charles Livingstone go home — He proceeds northwards with Mr. Rae and Mr. E. D. Young of the " Gorgon" — Attempt to carry a boat over the rapids — Defeated — Recall of the Expedition — Livingstone's views — Letter to Mr. James Young — to Mr. Waller — Feeling of the Portuguese Government — Offer to the Eev. Dr. Stewart — Great discouragements — Why did he not go home? — Proceeds to explore Nyassa — Risks and sufferings — Occupation of his mind — Natural History — Obliged to turn back — More desolation — Report of his murder — Kindness of Chinsamba — Reaches the ship — Letter from Bishop Tozer, abandoning the Mission — Distress of Livingstone — Letter to Sir Thomas Maclear — Progress of Dr. Stewart — Livingstonia — Livingstone takes charge of the children of the Universities Mission — Letter to his daughter — Retrospect — The work of the Expedition — Livingstone's plans for the future, . . 306

CHAPTEE XVI.

QUILIMANE TO BOMBAY AND ENGLAND.

Livingstone returns the "Pioneer" to the Navy, and is to sail in the "Nyassa" to Bombay — Terrific circular storm — Imminent peril of the " Nyassa" — He reaches Mozambique — Letter to his daughter — Proceeds to Zanzibar — His engineer leaves him — Scanty crew of " Nyassa " — Livingstone captain and engineer — Peril of the voyage of 2500 miles —

Risk of the monsoons — The " Nyassa " becalmed — Illness of the men

Remarks on African travel— Flying-fish— Dolphins— Curiosities of his Journal — Idea of a colony — Furious squall — Two sea-serpents seen — More squalls — The "Nyassa" enters Bombay harbour — Is unnoticed — First visit from officer with Custom-house schedules — How filled up — Attention of Sir Bartle Frere and others — Livingstone goes with the Governor to Dapuri— His feelings on landing in India— Letter to Sir Thomas Maclear

— He visits mission-schools, etc., at Poonah — Slaving in Persian Gulf

Returns to Bombay — Leaves two boys with Dr. Wilson — Borrows pas-

CONTENTS. xv

PAGE

sage-money and sails for England — At Aden — At Alexandria— Reaches Charing Cross — Encouragement derived from his Bombay visit — Two projects contemplated on his "way home? ....... 325

Chapter XVII. Second Visit Home

Dr. Livingstone and Sir It. Murchison — At Lady Palmerston's reception — at other places in London — Sad news of his son Robert — His early death --Dr. Livingstone goes to Scotland — Pays visits — Consultation with Professor Synie as to operation — Visit to Duke of Ai'gyll — to Ulva — He meets Dr. Duff — At launch of a Turkish frigate — At Hamilton — Goes to Bath to British Association — Delivers an address — Dr. Colenso — At funeral of Captain Speke — Bath speech offends the Portuguese — Charges of Lacerda — He visits Mr. and Mrs. Webb at Newstead — Their great hospitality — The Livingstone room— He spends eight months there writing bis book — He regains elasticity and playfulness — His book — Charles Livingstone's share — He uses his influence for Dr. Kirk — Delivers a lecture at Mansheld — Proposal made to him by Sir P. Murchison to return to Africa — Letter from Sir Roderick — His reply — He will not cease to be a missionary — Letter to Mr. James Young — Overtures from Foreign Office — Livingstone displeased — At dinner of Royal Academy — His speech not reported — President Lincoln's assassination — Examination by Committee of House of Commons — His opinion on the capacity of the negro — He goes down to Scotland — Tom Brown's School Days — His mother very ill - — She rallies — He goes to Oxford — Hears of his mother's death — Returns — He attends examination of Os well's school — His speech — Goes to London, preparing to leave — Parts from Mr. and Mrs. Webb — Stays with Dr. and Mrs. Hamilton — Last days in England, 33S

Chapter XVIII. From England To Bombay And Zanzibar

Object of new journey — Double scheme — He goes to Paris with Agnes — Baron Hausmann — Anecdote at Marseilles — He reaches Bombay — Letter to Agnes — Reminiscences of Dr. Livingstone at Bombay by Rev. D. C. Boyd — by Alex. Brown, Esq. — Livingstone's dress — He visits the caves of Kenhari — Rumours of murder of Baron van der Decken — He delivers a lecture at Bombay — Great success — He sells the "Lady Nyassa" — Letter to Mr. James Young — Letter to Anna Mary — Hears that Dr. Kirk has got vi CONTENTS.

PAGE

an appointment — Sets out for Zanzibar in " Thule " — Letter to Mr. James Young — His experience at sea — Letter to Agnes — He reaches Zanzibar — Calls on Sultan — Presents the "Thule " to him from Bombay Government — Monotony of Zanzibar^ life — Leaves in "Fenguin" for the continent, . 358

CHAPTEE XIX.

FROM ZANZIBAR TO UJIJ1.

Dr. Livingstone goes to mouth of Rovuma — His prayer — His company — His herd of animals — Loss of his buffaloes — Good spirits when setting out — Difficulties at Rovuma — Bad conduct of Johanna men — Dismissal of his Sepoys — Fresh horrors of slave-trade — Uninhabited tract — He reaches Lake N/yassa — Letter to his son Thomas — Disappointed hopes — His double aim, to teach natives and rouse horror of slave-trade — Tenor of religious addresses — Wikatami remains behind — Livingstone finds no altogether satisfactory station for commerce and missions — Question of the watershed — Was it worth the trouble ? — Overruled for good to Africa — Opinion of Sir Bartle Frere — At Marenga's — The Johanna men leave in a body — Circulate rumour of his murder — Sir Roderick disbelieves it — Mr. E. D. Young sent out with Search Expedition — Finds proof against rumour — Livingstone half-starved — Loss of his goats — Review of 1866 — Reflections on Divine Providence — Letter to Thomas — His dog drowned — Loss of his medicine-chest — He feels sentence of death passed on him — First sight of Lake Tanganyika — Detained at Chitimba's — Discovery of Lake Moero — Occupations during detention of 1867 — Great privations and difficulties — Illness — Rebellion among his men — Discovery of Lake Bangweolo — Its oozy banks — Detention — Sufferings — He makes for Ujiji — Very severe illness in beginning of 1869 — Reaches CJjiji — Finds his goods have been wasted and stolen — Most bitter disappointment — His medicines, etc., at Unyanyembe — Letter to Sultan of Zanzibar— Letters to Dr. Moffat and his daughter, 370

Chapter XX

He sets out to explore Manyuema and the river Lualaba — Loss of forty-two letters— His feebleness through illness — He arrives at Bambarre — Becomes acquainted with the soko or gorilla— Reaches the Luama river— Magnificence of the country— Repulsiveness of the people— Cannot get a canoe

CONTENTS. xvii

PAGE

to explore the Lualaba — Has to return to Bambarre — Letter to Thomas, and retrospect of his life — Letter to Sir Thomas Maclear and Mr. Mann — Miss Tinne — He is worse in health than ever, yet resolves to add to his programme and go round Lake Bangweolo — Letter to Agnes — Review of the past — He sets out anew in a more northerly direction — Overpowered by constant wet- — Breaches Nyangwe, the farthest point westward in his last expedition — Long detention — Letter to his brother John — Sense of difficulties and troubles — Nobility of his spirit — He sets off with only three attendants for the Lualaba — Suspicions of the natives — Influence of Arab traders — Frightful difficulties of the way — Lamed b} T foot-sores — Has to return to Bambarre — Long and wearisome detention — Occupations — Meditations and reveries — Death no terror— Unparalleled position and trials — He reads his Bible from beginning to end four times — Letter to Sir Thomas Maclear- — to Agnes — His delight at her sentiments about his coming home — Account of the soko — Grief to hear of death of Lady Murchison — Wretched character of men sent from Zanzibar — At last sets out with Mohamad — Difficulties — Slave-trade most horrible — Cannot get canoes for Lualaba — Long waiting — New plan — Frustrated by horrible massacre on banks of Lualaba — Frightful scene — He must return to Ujiji — New illness — Perils of journey to Ujiji — Life three times endangered in one day — Reaches Ujiji — Shereef has sold off his goods — He is almost in despair — Meets Henry M. Stanley and is relieved — His contributions to Natural Science during last journeys — Professor Owen in the Quarterly Review, 391

Chapter XXI. Livingstone And Stanley

Mr. Gordon Bennett sends Stanley in search of Livingstone — Stanley at Zanzibar— Starts for Ujiji — Peaches Unyanyembe — Dangerous illness — War between Arabs and natives — Narrow escape of Stanley — Approach to L'jiji — Meeting with Livingstone — Livingstone's story — Stanley's news — Livingstone's goods and men at Bagamoio — Stanley's account of Livingstone — Refutation of foolish and calumnious charges — They go to the north of the lake — Livingstone resolves not to go home, but to get fresh men and return to the sources — Letter to Agnes — to Sir Thomas Maclear — The travellers go to Unyanyembe — More plundering of stores — Stanley leaves for Zanzibar — Stanley's bitterness of heart at parting — Livingstone's intense gratitude to Stanley— He intrusts his Journal to him, and commissions him to send servants and stores from Zanzibar — Stanley's journey to the coast — Finds Search Expedition at Bagamoio — Proceeds to England— Stanley's reception — Unpleasant feelings — Eclaircissement — England grateful to Stanley, . . . . . . . . .417