David Brown, D.D., LL.D. : professor and principal of the Free Church College, Aberdeen : a memoir / c by William Garden Blaikie

Preface

There is little to be said by way of preface to this book, except that Dr. Brown kept no Diary, and preserved but a very few letters. This has rendered the task of his biographer difficult, and has prevented him from following a strictly chronological order throughout. On the whole, he hopes that, from the limited materials available, a fairly accurate portrait has been drawn of one whose personality and life were quite unique, and certainly form a most interesting and instructive study. He begs to express his obligations to all the friends who have contributed materials for the biography, and especially to members of Dr. Brown's family, without whose invaluable aid the task of the biographer would have been simply impossible.

April 1898.

Chapter I

A life spanning the nineteenth century — Grandfather, \Vm. Brown of Craigdam — Father, iUexander Brown, Provost of Aberdeen — Mother, Catharine Chalmers — Her family — Her deeply religious character and influence — Her son David at first very weakly — Her help in Latin lessons

Chapter II

The Grammar School of Aberdeen — His interest in it to the end — Marischal College — Letter from Dr. Black — Divinity Hall — Dr. Mearus — Brown's friendship with John Duncan — Their religious experience — A winter in Edinburgh — Beneficial results — Cesar Malau — Great helpfulness to Dr. Duncan .... 12 viii DAVID BROWN

Chapter III Page

Visit to London — Becomes assistant to Edward Irving — Irving absorbed with prophecy — His views of the Incarnation — The ' signs and wonders ' in Regent Square Church — First attitude of Mr. Brown — His conviction that the signs were not from heaven — Gives up his situation — Mr. Robert Baxter — Impression Mr. Brown made on the congregation as a preacher — What he gained and lost — Assistant at Dumbarton — Letters to his mother — Disappointments — Literary and theological studies ........ 32

Chapter IV

The Ord — Ordained l7th November 1836 — Conflict between church and state — His marriage — Pastoral work — Friends and neighbours — Fruits of his ministry — Crisis of church conflict — Letter to his mother — A vigorous non-intrusionist — ^Tlie Disruption — Call to Glasgow — Future visits to the Ord — The Marnoch jubilee — Touching meeting with Mr. Stronach^ Ardmeallie . 53

CHAPTER V GLASGOW miKISTRY

Congregation of Free St. James's — Its history — Disruption influence — Sermon by his brother Charles at General

CONTENTS ix

PAGE

Assembly of 1844 — Rev. John M'Ewan of Roseneath's reminiscences of the Glasgow ministry — Sketch in the Glasgow Examiner — His remarkable prayers — Part of the 93rd Regiment attend his church — Interference of the colonel — Letter to the Duke of Wellington — Subsequent record of the 93rd — William Macbean — Degree ofD.D 72

Chapter VI

Influence of John Albert Bengel — Extracts from article in British and Foreign Evangelical Review — His book on the Second Advent — Answers to it — Opinion of Professor Beet — Its fundamental principles — Its candour and good spirit — His early commentaries — Opinions of Principal Moule and Professor Marcus Dods — Subsequent commentaries 84

Chapter VII

CORRESPONDENCE WITH MR. WILLIAM DYCE, R.A.

Mr. Dyce, his cousin — Early intimacy — Mr. Dyce's history — His letter to Mr. Ruskin — His letter on Schools of Design — His appointment in London — Letters to him from Mr. Brown — On Art and its uses — On episcopacy — On church authority — Mr. Dyce's aifection for Mrs. Brown — Obituary notice by Royal Scottish Academy . 99

X DAVID BROWN

Chapter VIII Page

Candidate for chair in Edinburgh — Defeated — Receives appointment to Aberdeen Free Church College — His introductory lecture — Letter to William Dyce — Synopsis of his courses of lectures — Testimony of his students — Dr. Gray of Rome — Professor Gibb — Dr. Robertson Nicoll — Rev. J. Harvey — Sunday class for students generally ......... 115

Chapter IX

Aim of the Free Church in theological education — Combination of learning and spirituality — Realised by Professor Brown — The ministry a seeking for souls — But conversion not everything — Spiritual progress necessary — Subordinate matters — Style — The voice — A visit to Mr. Spurgeou's Tabernacle — Danger of too much study — Cultivation of Spiritual Life — Bengel a model — Devotional study of the Bible — Visiting the sick and the poor — George Miiller — Missionary educational work 137

Chapter X

The Revival of 1858-9 — His prompt and cordial co-operation with Mr. Radcliffe and others — Establishment of meeting in Marywell Street School — Friendship with county

CONTENTS xi

PAGE

laymen — The National Bible Society — Evangelical Alliance — Presbyterian Alliance — Visit to Switzerland — Establishes preaching - stations at Interlaken and Lucerne — Service to South Church, Aberdeen . . 153

Chapter XI

Crushed Hopes Crowned in Death — Precocity of Alexander Brown — Distinction at Glasgow and Oxford — Civil Service of India — Goes to Calcutta — Illness — Embarks for home — Dies at sea — Distress of parents — Consoled by Rev. Joseph Scudder, who was with him when dying ....... 169

Chapter XII

Interest in all Church questions — Proposed Union of Free and United Presbyterian Chui'ches — Speech at Inverness— Use of hymns in public worship — His love of hymns — Sir William Mackinnon — Revision of Confession of Faith and the Declaratory Act . . . 181

Chapter XIII

Tendency to liberal views — Drawn personally to Mr. Robertson Smith — Constrained to oppose him — Smith's views on Deuteronomy — Proceedings in College Committee, General Assembly, and Presbytery of Aberdeen — End of the case — Dr. Brown retains his views to the end, but declines further fighting — Generous tribute to Professor Robertson Smith ..... 196 xii DAVID BROWN

Chapter XIV The New Testament Revision Company

PAGE

His popularity among the members — List of members of the Company — Letters from Bishop Ellicott and Bishop Westcott — Reminiscences of Professor Roberts — Esteem and affection of the late Dr. Moulton — Opposed to Drs. Hort and Westcott on the question of the text — Various articles on the subject — His opinion of the Revised Version of the New Testament . . . 213

Chapter XV

CORRESPONDENCE WITH DR. J. H. NEWMAN

Combination of loyalty to his creed and charity — Sends Life of Dr. Duncan to Dr. Newman, from which correspondence begins — Sends him lectures and papers on the Person of Christ, science, and religion — Modern unbelief, etc. etc. — Dr. Newman's opinion of the Free Church of Scotland — Dr. Brown visits him at the Oratory 233

Chapter XVI

CORRESPONDENCE WITH DR. MARTINEAU AND OTHERS

Letter of Dr. Martineau to Miss Brown — Dr. Martineau's address of 1881 — Correspondence regarding it — Final letter of Dr. Brown — Rev. Alexander Gordon — Rev. Dr. Warfield, Princeton — Rev. Professor Salmon, Dublin — Rev. Principal Moule, Cambridge — Mr. David McLaren — Rev. Frank H. ^Vliite— His deep interest in ' Physicus ' (Mr. George J. Romanes) . 248

CONTENTS xiii

Chapter XVII Correspondence With Personal Friends

PAGE

His sympathy with bereaved friends — Letter to Countess Dowager of Kintore — To Mrs. Brown Douglas — To Mr. David McLaren — Letters from Rev. Joseph Scudder — From Rev. Dr. Gordon, Rector of Chetwynd — From Dr. Fleming Stevenson — Note from Mr. Spurgeon — Anecdote of Mr. Spurgeon and Dr. Brown . . 269

Chapter XVIII

His unanimous election by the General Assembly, May 1876 — His opening and closing lectures — Closing lecture of 1895 — His interest in University matters, especially the union of King's and Marischal Colleges — Speech in the Presbytery — Examined by the University Commission— Interest in other public movements . . 287

Chapter XIX

His book on the Restoration of the Jews — Life of Dr. John Duncan — Book on Structure of the Apocalypse — Contains his famous reply to Sir William Hamilton — His idea of the plan of the Apocalypse — Commentaries on Romans and Corinthians — Projected Life of John a- I<asco — Contributioi:is to Magazines and Reviews . 300 xiv DAVID BROWN

Chapter XX Moderator Of The General Assembly

PAGE

Unanimously chosen, 1885 — Opening addi-ess — The twofold great end of the Christian Church, missionary and pastoral — Present condition of the Churches — Especially the Free Church of Scotland — A warning — Danger of tampering with the Bible — Need of firm adherence in things vital, and latitude in things not vital — Three things needed to make the wilderness blossom — Public testimonial from his friends . . 313

Chapter XXI

His seven children — Their upbringing — Recreations — Death of his wife in 1879 — His grief, tempered with courage — Presentation of his bust to the College — Made a Knight Commander by the King of Servia — Receives degree of D.D. in 1872, and LL.D. in 1896— His love of literature, especially the poets — His character at large — The great aim of his life 323

Chapter XXII

His longevity — Accident in 1892 — Occasional ailments did not impair the vigour of his spirit — Interest in the work both of the Church and the world — Love of music — Activity of his pen — Contributions to the Expository Times — His experiences when dying — Love of hymns — The closing scene — Public funeral — Principal Rainy's prayer .....,.., 338

CONTENTS XV

Chapter XXIII Page

From British Weekly — Committee on Conversion of the Jews — Free Church Synod of Aberdeen — Principal Moule — Rev. Dr. Stewart, Lovedale — Rev. Professor Warfield, Princeton — Rev. A. R. Faussett, York — Rev. Frank H. White — Rev. Principal Hector, Calcutta— Rev. Dr. Riddell, China — Rev. Principal Stewart, St. Andrews — Rev. Dr. Gloag — Madame de Faye — Mrs. Isabella Fyvie Mayo — Rev. Principal Dykes — Rev. Dr. Elmslie, New Zealand . . . 363

Chapter I

Practically, Dr. David Brown*'s life stretched from end to end of the nineteenth century, for he was born on the 17th August 1803, a little less than three years after it began, and he died on the 3rd July 1897, a little more than three years before its end.

It embraced the period of Waterloo, the Continental Revolutions of 1848, the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, and the Civil War in the United States ; of Catholic Emancipation, the Reform Bill, Free Trade, the adoption of India into the Empire, and the great expansion of our Colonies ; of the Evangelical revival, the Tractarian Movement, the Voluntary Controversy, the Disruption of the Church of Scotland, and the disestablishment of that of Ireland. Further, it included the era of rationalism, of ' the higher criticism," and the development of the sensational philosophy; of the Anti-Slavery struggle, the rise of social reform and philanthropy, the conflict of Labour and Capital, the era of great cities, of rapid travelling, and of extended intercourse between country and country. It witnessed the birth of biology and palaeontology, the outflashing of electricity, the advance of astronomy, the revolution in chemistry, and the rise and progress of evolution. Among its prose writers were Scott,

A

Hallam, Macaulay, Whately, Kingsley, Thackeray, Dickens, George Eliot, Emerson, Carlyle, and Ruskin; while its poetical literature stretched from Wordsworth to Teimyson, and embraced Coleridge, Southey, Keats, Scott, Byron, Shelley, Longfellow, and the Brownings. It covered the active period of our modern missions : the period of Carey and DufF in India; of Morrison and Burns in China ; of Moffat and Livingstone in Africa ; of Williams and Patteson in the South Seas ; of Hannington and Mackay in Uganda. It saw China and Japan, so long asleep and shut out from the modern world, opening their eyes and beginning to appreciate the civilisation and the Christianity of the West. And there was scarcely one of the events or the persons we have named but had an interest for David Brown, and an influence, too. He spent his life under the play of forces of extraordinary interest and variety ; and in his own person, in a general way at least, he exemplified their effect, — taking on, in no ordinary degree, the form and pressure of the age.

His paternal grandfather was a man of striking individuality, if not genius — William Brown, the first minister of a country congregation of the Secession at Craigdam, in Aberdeenshire. The county of Aberdeen was not a congenial field for the seceders : it had offered very serious opposition to the Covenanters ; and the old leaven of Prelacy, and the prevailing moderatism of the Established Church, made a cold atmosphere and an unsympathetic people. But all the more, when an evangelical preacher did appear, of great earnestness and popular gifts, and an utter contrast to the run of ordinary ministers, he became a power in the district, and drew a large congregation. Brown of Craigdam was one of those marked men, of homely manner but burning soul, whose preaching created an extraordinary interest, 'and had very blessed effects. Under such a man many passed from death to life ; while among the mass of his hearers his quaint sayings were handed about from mouth to mouth with great interest and appreciation, all the more because he knew the power of the Scottish dialect both to conciliate hearers and give point and pith to his remarks. He had the happy knack of seasoning his talk with the salt of the Gospel, without violence or affectation ; a kindly, paternal way of bringing forward things unseen. His grandson remembered hearing an old man describe a sermon which he had preached at Knock, near Portsoy ; the subject was Simeon's welcome of the infant Christ in the Temple. ' There did not appear to be much in the old man's arms,' said the preacher ; 'and yet the salvation of the world depended on what was there: all was wrapt up in the infant whom Simeon held in his arms.' Then, holding out his own arms, as if embracino- the Saviour whom Simeon deemed so precious, he appealed to the people with tearful voice, * Have you, my freens, taken a grip o' Jesus ? ' ^

When Mr. Brown accepted a call to Craigdam, the congregation of poor farmers and labourers could promise him no more than fifteen pounds of salary — no doubt worth more then than now. But the grip of poverty neither impaired his activity nor lessened his cheerfulness. A brisk and lively mode of movement 1 See Dr. Stark's Lights of the North.

procured for him the name of ' the rinnin'' minister ' ; oddly enough, this peculiarity descended to his grandson, whose nimble movements, even at fourscore and ten, were the subject of universal remark. ' Is old Principal Brown still stepping about?' was once asked of an Aberdonian. ' No,"* was the reply, * he 's running about/ Apropos his well-known Biblical writings on the Gospels and other books of Scripture, some called him ' the running commentary.'

One of the Craigdam minister's sons, whose name was Alexander, after enjoying with his two brothers the services of a tutor, Mr. Cowie (who afterwards became a famous minister in Huntly, as George Macdonald records), went to Aberdeen at the age of sixteen to push his fortune, and found an opening in a bookseller's shop. He was a brisk, active, good-looking young fellow, who could keep his eyes and his ears open for anything to help him in life ; after three years of service, he began business on his own account. His story as the founder of a bookseller's business resembles that of the first John Murray, and of James Nisbet, W. and R. Chambers, and Thomas Nelson ; although, from his provincial position, he could not, like them, build up a first-class publishing establishment. But he went on steadily, moving from Upper Kirkgate to Broad Street, and from Broad Street to Union Street, so that the progress of his barque might have been described by the motto of a well-known Edinburgh firm in a collateral department : —

To the ordinary business of a bookseller, Mr. Brown added that of a circulating library; and when his stock accumulated to many thousands of volumes, he would sell off the surplus by auction. Here his lively manner and abounding humour stood him in good stead, for Aberdeen auctioneers (shrewd men !) know well that you must have people in good humour if you would look for a successful sale. He was also a bookbinder, and he tried to be a papermaker. As he prospered in business, so he rose in the esteem of the community. Marked for his shrewdness, integrity, and kindliness, he was precisely the kind of man to be thought of for municipal honours. In those days there was no such thing as popular election of councillors or magistrates ; each town council elected its successor. As he stood well with the old council, he came to be first a councillor, then a junior bailie, then senior bailie, and finally, provost. Twice he filled the Provost's chair, with credit to himself and advantage to the town, each time for two years, in 1822-23 and in 1826-27. His place of business became a rendezvous for literary men, with whom, from his lively manner and abounding humour, he was very popular. From the Government he received the office of Distributor of Stamps for the district of Aberdeen. Though contrary to the ordinary rule, this office was continued to his son.

Prospering in business, he acquired considerable property in the city and suburbs. But he came to know, like many, the fickleness of fortune ; and at his death, which occurred in 1848, he had lost nearly the whole.

David Brown's mother, Catharine Chalmers, a woman among a thousand, came of a family distinguished for generations by literary ability, and a fine taste in music and other arts. Her father was James Chalmers, proprietor and editor of the Aberdeen Journal. Her grandmother, Susanna Trail, a lady of very superior gifts, was descended from Robert Trail, who was minister of Greyfriars' Church, Edinburgh, in the seventeenth century ; and, being ejected, took refuge in Holland after the restoration of Charles ii. His son was author of a well-known work on the FnlfilUng of Scripture, that must have liad a peculiar interest for an exegetical scholar like his descendant, David Brown. There are still extant some letters from Mrs. Susanna Chalmers to her accomplished son, Alexander Chalmers, the editor of the Biog-raphical Dictionary, that show her to have been remarkable both for piety and culture. Two of ]\Irs. Brown's sisters were married to well-known ministers : one to ]\Ir. Burns of Brechin, fatherin-law of Dr. Guthrie ; the other to Mr. Burns of Kilsyth, father of William and Islay Burns.

All who remember Mrs. Alexander Brown describe her as a remarkable woman. Well connected, well educated, profoundly conscientious, and very earnest in religion, she had a strong influence on all who were in contact with her. A good housekeeper, hospitable to her friends, doing credit to her husband's, position as chief magistrate, greatly interested in the charitable institutions of the city, some of which she helped both to organise and to administer, she was loved by many and respected by all. In business, as in other matters, she was of use to her husband. It is recorded of her that when great inconvenience was felt by the trade in Aberdeen, where the art of ruling paper with blue and red lines was then unknown, so that account-books had to be sent up to Edinburgh to be ruled, the spirit and energy of Mrs, Brown made her mistress of the situation. She procured a ruling-machine from London, with instructions for its use ; this machine she kept carefully locked up in a garret, and, with the aid of a female servant, was able to rule all the paper needed for Aberdeen — no small triumph, in sooth, for Aberdeen did not care to be dependent on Edinburgh ! ^

The family of Provost and Mrs. Brown were eight — five sons and three daughters. The three daughters were married to ministers, men of worth and ability, all of whom left the Established Church at the Disruption. Of the sons, three were in business, and two, David and Charles, in the ministry. The oldest, William, and the fourth, Charles, were those wdth whom David had the most intimate relations. William, born in 1796, at first in partnership with his father, thereafter Distributor of Stamps for the town and district of Aberdeen, was a man of singularly brisk and lively manner and flowing spirits, an enthusiastic musician, and a most zealous witness for Christian truth and helper in Christian work. His daughter Catharine became the wife of the Rev. Islay Burns, D.D., the successor of Mr. M'Cheyne as minister of St. Peter's, Dundee, and thereafter a professor in the Divinity College of the Free Church in Glasgow. Charles John, born 1806, was a distinguished minister, first in Glasgow, and thereafter in Edinburgh, a powerful Biblical and experimental preacher, intensely spiritual, ^ See Walker's Bookseller s Stall, and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1872.

It was an unhappy circumstance that Provost Brown and his wife attended different churches. Mr. Brown, born a seceder, had joined the Established Church ; while Mrs. Brown, bom in the Established Church, but unable to find in it the spiritual good she desired, had become a seceder. The congregation with which Mr. Brown had become connected, and of which he afterwards became an elder, that of the West Church, was steeped in iNIoderatism ; that of Mrs. Brown, the Original Secession Church in Skene Street, under a very earnest minister, was highly evangelical, and was so strict in its discipline that it did not allow its members to attend worship, even occasionally, in the Established Church, holding that such attendance implied a violation of their protest against its defections. Mrs. Brown's children appear to have gone with their mother as hearers, but as communicants they joined the Establishment. Perhaps it is a fact unparalleled in all history, that while she had two sons and three sons-in-law in the ministry, for whom she had all a mother's affection and admiration, she never, save on one peculiar occasion, heard any of them preach. Her unflinching adherence to what she deemed duty, no matter how painful the self-denial it involved, must have had its effect, happily a good effect, on her family. As in the somewhat parallel case of Dr. Guthrie, whose mother likewise was a seceder, this connection must have imparted to her son David a sincere respect for a body at that time liable to be despised ; and probably it communicated to his personal religion an element of firmness and unworldliness, — something of the martyr spirit that would abandon life itself before it would do dishonour to what it held to be principle.

Though Mrs. Brown was an intensely conscientious and earnest Christian, her religious experience was not of a cheerful kind. Whether this is to be accounted for by her deep humility and self-depreciation, or whether it arose from a defect in the prevalent religious views of the time, when joy hardly got a place among the fruits of the Spirit, we do not profess to say. In a memorandum attached to a packet of her letters to himself, which her son David preserved with pious care, he thus wrote : ' From my precious mother, to whom spiritually I owe more than I can express, who, like Bunyan's "Mr. Fearing" in the Pilgrims Progress, " played upon the bass "" ; living in habitual

bondage as to her own spiritual state, as did and

, all persons of eminent grace, and all of whom I

trust to meet, along with her who was " mine own flesh," where we shall be " ever with the Lord." Aberdeen, June 30, 1880.'

Very touching are the letters written in her old age to her son David, at that time a minister in Glasgow, begging of him : ' Pray for me who cannot pray for myself or any other. Glad should I be,"* she adds, ' could I say anything cheering as to the state of my soul, but it is not so. I doubt whether there has been any saving work in me. I sometimes get glimpses, but then they seem to be succeeded by great darkness, and 1 question their reality. O David, I have need of your prayers, that the Lord would show me His way, before

He cause my feet to stumble on the dark mountains/ And yet, in the judgment of her Christian friends, this woman in her heart was as lowly a penitent as ever bowed at the Throne of Grace, and as loyal and loving a servant of her God and Saviour as ever surrendered her soul to Him. Despite her fits of depression, her great earnestness and thorough consistency must have had a very happy effect on her family. Her son says that he owed more to her spiritually than he could express; rarely, indeed, has there been such a household, where all the children appear to have drunk of her spirit and followed her example.

David, the fourth son of the family, was born, 17th August 1803, in a somewhat remarkable locality — a house in Broad Street, close to INIarischal College, his future alma mater -^ close to the house where Mrs. Byron and her son, the poet, had lived but five years before ; close to his father's place of business, which was to inspire him with his love of books ; and close to the town-house, where his father was destined to hold the provost's sceptre. At his birth he was so puny and feeble that his aunt and future mother-in-law, Mrs. Dyce, who was present, hoped it would please God to take him to a better world, little dreaming that he would all but touch the close of the century that had recently opened. To his mother he owed much in every way, even in the preparation of his lessons when he went to the grammar school. Studying beside her while she worked, he would sometimes stop. 'What is the matter, David?' she w^ould ask. ' I cannot manage this exercise.' ' Well, let me hear it in English,' she would say ; and then she would suggest some ecjuivalent form in English, and ask if it might not be turned that way. 'That's it — the very thing ! "" the boy would exclaim. It must have been a clever woman that could extricate from his difficulties in M'hat to her was an unknown tongue the future dux of the grammar school.

If it was tlirough the instrumentality of his mother that he obtained his deeper experiences, it was probably from his father that he derived his lively, cheerful, humour -loving temperament. And his father's business, too, among books seems to have had an important imfluence. His native literary taste would be drawn out by his bookish surroundings, by his constantly hearing of books and handling them, and by his mixing with his father's literary friends and acquaintances. Aberdeen, with its two Universities, had always been a highly literary town ; imbibing its genius loci, and profiting by his opportunities, he would be stimulated towards higher acquirements, though he was the only member of his family that showed this tendency. His brother Charles, who also became a minister of the Gospel, and who was decidedly ahead of him in preaching gifts and spiritual power, had neither the scholarship nor the broad mind and wide culture of David.

Chapter II

At the usual early age, having just entered his tenth year, after having learned a little English at the academy of Dr. Welsh, David Brown entered the grammar school of Aberdeen. It was before the days of Melvin, who shed so much lustre on it a few years later, but his teachers, he himself said, were able and scholarly men. We have no details of this period of his life, but that he entered on its work with zeal and diligence, and prosecuted it with eminent success is apparent from the fact that in his last year, 1817, he was dux of the school. Latin was then the one and only subject of instruction — Latin semper^ uhique, et ab omnibus. But the school had degenerated from those earlier days when Latin was spoken by the pupils, and when on the occasion of a royal visit tliey were able to deliver themselves in Latin addresses before the king.

In David Brown"'s days the grammar school occupied a quaint, one-storeyed building in the Schoolhill, in the form of a letter I laid flat, the middle part being the public school, and the projections representing the four class-rooms where the work of the school was carried on. Boys that were alert and attentive got excellent instruction, but for the great majority, who had no natural liking for Latin, and whose interest there was absolutely nothing to stimulate, the great object was to enjoy what fun they could under the shadow of the ' factions,"* as the seats were called, and to elude the vigilance of the master and the censor who was set to watch if any boy should be guilty of speaking. But the idle boys made up for their supineness indoors by their outburst of animation at the hour of release. In a twinkling the little playground was alive with the simple games of the period — it might be marbles, or pegtops, or buttons, or hand-balls, or the frisky sport of ' hurry "" or ' ke-how.' And, for the most part, the good boys were as fond of the games as the lazy. No doubt David Brown, with his bright, buoyant nature, entered into them heart and soul. Nor even in his remote old age was he ever out of sympathy with such playful activity. A venerable English headmaster, an associate of Dr. Brown''s in the Company of Revisers, the late Dr. Moulton of Cambridge, told me that on one occasion when Dr. Brown came to call on him, he happened to be watching his boys at football. He made a kind of apology for what might appear to a stranger an unsuitable employment. Dr. Brown just laughed, and expressed the delight it gave him to see the boys at play.