A smaller school history of the United States, from the discovery of America to the year 1877.

Preface

This work has been prepared to meet the wants of students who have not time to complete the study of " Harper's School History of the United States." While it is little more than half the size of that book, care has been taken not to omit any j^oints of importance, nor to sacrifice clearness to brevity.

In general arrangement it is much the same as the larger work. Each paragraph is introduced by prominent type, which will aid in impressing important events on the memor}^

With these few words, the " Smaller History of the United States" is now presented to the notice of teachers, and other friends of education.

Chapter I. Discoveries And Explor.^tions

From tue Discoveuy of America, 1492, to the Settlement of Jamestowx, 1G07 — A Period of 115 Yeaes.

Spanish Discoveries and Explorations Page 1

Erench Explorations JO

English ^Explorations 13

General Summary of Claims on this Continent 17

Chapter VII

THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. PAET I.— FROM 1TS9 TO ISIT.

Administration of George Washington 121

" John Adams 12-t

" Thomas Jefferson 125

" James Madison 128

War with England— 1812 129

1813 133

" " 1811-15 136

PART II.— FROM ISlT TO l&il.

Administration of James Monroe , 142

" John Quincy Adams 144

" Andrew Jackson 145

*' INIartin Van Buren 147

CONTENTS. VU

PART III.— FROM ISll TO 1849.

Admiuistration of William Henry Ilanison Pago. 119

" John Tvler 149

" James K. Polk 151

PART IV.-FROM 1S49 TO ISGI.

Administration of Zachary Taylor 158

" Millard Pillmore 158

' ' Franklin Pierce 159

" James Buchanan IGO

General Reflections 163

PART v.— FROM 1S61 TO 1SC9. Administration of Abraham Lincoln 166

Civil War: Events of 1861 166

Administration of Andrew Johnson 196

Part Vi.-from 1s69 To 1s72

Administration of Ulysses S. Grant 198

General View 205

States admitted and Territories organized since 1787 209

Settlement and Admission of the States 210

Presidents and Vice-presidents of the United States 211

Declaration of Independence 213

Constitution of the United States .' 216

HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.

aUEBLC I6Q8

LANDING or COLUMBUS

Chapter I. Discoveries And Explorations

FROM THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, 1492, TO THE SETTLEMENT OP JAMESTOWN, 1G07 A PERIOD OF 115 YEARS.

1. Christopher Columbus. — In the year 1480 there was living in the city of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, a navigator named Christopher Columbus, who supported his family by making maps and charts. This was an important business in those days, particularly in Lisbon, because the King of Portugal was A^ery active in sending out ships on voyages of discovery. These A^oyages were southward, along the west coast of Afi-ica, which was then

A only partially explored ; and their object was to find a direct route to India by sea.

2. India and its Kiches. — For many centuries India had been celebrated for its wealth. Its silks, its shawls, its spices, and fragrant woods, its ivory and pearls, its diamonds and precious stones, togetlier with its strange animals, made it to Europeans the wonder-land of those early days.

3. The India Trade. — From the shores of India the goods were trans23orted over the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea; thence on camels to the River Nile; then down the Nile to Alexandria. From this point they were conveyed across the Mediten-anean to Italy. Such a route was very tedious. It was, moreover, exposed to danger from storms and from pirates. AVe can thus understand why Portugal was so actively seeking a safer and more direct road, and to control this rich trade.

4. The Reasoning of Columbus. — While Columbus was busy making cliarts, his daring mind was thinking of a new route to India by sea. lie reflected on the roundness of the earth. He saw that the geographers knew little of the extent of Asia, and he was convinced that its eastern shores must reach nearer Europe than they supposed. Finally lie came to the conclusion that, by sailing directly westward, he would easily reach the great islands on the shores of Farther India.

5. The Geography of the Earth was little known before the time of Columbus. To show this, tlie two following maps have been inserted. In Map No, 1 we see that much of Africa is wanting; America and Australia- are not seen ; and on the shores of Asia are figures of strange animals, of monsters, and men without lieads. What was

1. What is said of Columbus? Why was chart-making important? What is said of the Portuguese A-^oyages ?

2. state what is said of the wealth of India.

3. What is said of the route to, India ? Of its dangers ? Of Porfuiral ?

4. What idea tilled the mind of Columbus ? State the steps iu his reasoning, and his conclusion.

DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS.

unknown the geographers filled with shapes of terror.

6. Columbus seeking Aid. — Being a native of Genoa {je7i'o-aJi)^ m Italy, Columbus first applied to tliat city for as-

MAP I. — THE W'OBLl) AS KNOWN BEFORE COLUMBUS.

MAP II. — TUB y\Oii.l.U A» Ji.iNOVV.N liN OUli 1>AV.

sistance to make a westward voyage. But she turned a deaf ear to his requests. Next he tried the King of Portugal, and failed. He then went to the Court of Spain, where he waited wearily for several years. Here he was opposed by the learned men to whom the king referred his schemes. He was ridiculed as a wild dreamer. The very children in the streets smiled at him as he passed, and put their fingers to their heads. At last, in

5. What does Map No. 1 s^how ? Map No. II ?

1490, he was leaving Spain sad and disappointed, leading his little son by the hand, and so poor that he begged bread and water at a convent-door. Fortunately some of his friends jDersuaded him to return.

Y. Columbus obtains Assistance. — Isabella, the queen, now listened to liim with interest, as he painted, in imagination, the wealth of the new lands in the West. She w^as stirred to enthusiasm wdien he spoke of the natives to be converted to the Christian religion. Her husband, Ferdinand, was not so easily moved. The long wars with the Moors of Spain had just ended, and his treasury was nearly empty. Isabella offered to pledge her crown-jewels for the expenses of the expedition, and he at length yielded. The jewels were not needed, however, and the money was advanced from the royal treasury.

8. The Vessels. — The king's orders secured, at the port of Palos (jKih'los), in the south of Spain, two little vessels, called caravals; Columbus and his friends added a third. They were so small that we are struck with wonder at the courage of Columbus, who was about to sail in them over a stormy and unknown ocean. The largest was not over one hundred tons burden, and this was the only one that had a deck throughout its entire length.

9. The Voyage. — In these three vessels Columbus, made Admiral by the king, and his companions sailed from Palos, August 3, 1492. When, at last, after leaving the Canary Islands, they pushed ont into the great sea, across W'hich no ship had ever sailed, the hearts of the sailors failed them for fear. After many days they became despairing and mutinous. They even spoke of throwing the Admiral overboard and returning to Spain. Through all this the lofty spirit of Columbus was unmoved. He sail-

6. To whom did Columbus first apply, aud why ? To whom next ? With what success ? Where is Genoa ? Where did he go after trying Portugal ? What was his success ? What is said of his leaving ?

7. Who proved his great friend ? What is said of her ? Of Ferdinand ? S. What were the king's orders? What is said of the vessels?

DISCOVERIES AND EXPLOKxlTIONS. 5

ed stoaclily westward, and at dawx of October 12, 1492,

LAND WAS SEEN.

10. Landing of Columbus. — He approaclied the shore richly attired in scarlet, holding the royal standard. On landing, he threw himself on his knees, kissed the earth, and retnrned thanks to God with tears of joy. Rising, he took possession of the country, with great ceremony, in tlie name of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain.

11. Further Discoveries. — The land was found to be an island, which Columbus named San Salvador, one of the Bahamas. Remaining a few days liere, he then sailed, away, and discovered the islands of Cuba, Jamaica, Hayti, (hd-te), and Porto Rico (ree'ko). Here, then, thought Columbus, were the long-wished-for islands off the coast of India, and he named the inhabitants Indians.

12. Discovery of the Main-land. — Columbus made, in all, four voyages to the New World. In the third of these, in the year 1498, he touched the main-land at the mouth of the River Orinoco, on the coast of Paria, South America. But he never dreamed that this was the shore of a new continent. When lie died, in the year 1506, he remained firm in the belief that he had discovered the eastern shores of India.

13. The Naming of America. — Columbus discovered the road to the Western Continent. It Avould, therefore, appear a matter of the simplest justice that it should have been named after him. An accident, however, gave that honor to another. Amerigo Yespucci {d-7ntr'e-go ves- 2:)ootch-ee)^ a Florentine, visited the continent in the year 1499. After his return, his account of the new regions was published in Europe. A geographer suggested tliat

9. What was Columbus's title? When, aud from -what place, did they sail? Where is Palos ? What of their voj'age ? When was America discovered ?

10. What is said of the landing of Columbus ?

11. What land had Columbus first touched? What else did he discover? Where did he suppose he had arrived? What did he call the natives, and why?

12. How many voyages did Columbus make? When and where did he first discover the main-land ? What did he himself think this to be ?

6 HISTORY 01? THE UNITED STATES.

the land be called America, and by degrees the new continent became known by tliat name.

14. John and Sebastian Cabot. — Columbus was not, however, the first that discovered the main-land. In the year 1497, one year before the coast of Paria was visited, a ship from Bristol, England, nnder the command of John Cabot {cab'ot), sailed along the coast of North America for three hundred leagues or more. lie discovered the " new-found island," now known as Newfoundland. Next year, 1498, his son Sebastian, who was with his father the previous year, coasted from Labrador to Florida, in liopcs of finding a passage to India. On the voyages of the Cabots the English founded their claim to a large part of the North American continent.

15. Spanish Exploration continued. — Multitudes of adventurers from Spain flocked to the New World. Many of these were brave soldiers who had been fighting the 3Ioors for years. Now that these wars were ended, they thirsted for fresh excitement. Darien was settled by Ojeda {o-ha'dah), a companion of Columbus, in 1510. The Andes were climbed ; the Isthmus Avas crossed ; and in the year 1513 Balboa [bal-bo'a/t), from the southwestern slope of the mountains, first saw the Pacific Ocean, which he named the South Sea.

IG. Florida— Ponce de Leon. — In the beginning of 1512, the brave old soldier Ponce de Leon {pon-thd' da Icion) was cruising among the Bahama Islands. He had heard from the Indians the story of a fountain that would impart immortal youth to those who should bathe in its waters. In searching for this, he found no fountain, but he gained that which has made his name immortal. His ship accidentally touched the main-land, rich with flowers, on March 12, 151 2. This being Easter-Sunday, called

13. Why was the continent not named after Cohimbns?

14. Did Cohimbns first discover the main-land? Who did, and when? Who followed in 1498? What was the object of this voyage?

15. What is said of those that followed Columbus ? What was settled ? What discovery was made in 1513 ?

DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS. 7

by the Spaniards Pasqua de Flores — the feast of flowers — ■ he named the new country Florida.

17. Yucatan— Mexico. — The coast of Yucatan was explored by Cordova in 1517. Mexico was visited by Grijalva (gre-hal'vah) in 1518, and the conquest of that rich country was achieved by Cortez in 1521. The Spaniards under Pizarro {2)e-zdrro) pushed down the west coast of America as far as Peru, and to all of these possessions, richer than the grandest dreams of Columbus, there Avas given tlie name of New Spain.

18. Carolina— Ayllon. — In the year 1520 some vessels from Hayti, under Ayllon {ile-ydne')^ were cruising among the Bahamas, searching for Indians to carry them as slaves back to the mines. A storm drove the ships on the coast, north of Florida. In this way the shore of what is now South Carolina was first discovered.

19. Florida— Narvaez. — In all their expeditions the Spaniards were guided chiefly by their thirst for gold. This led to the exploration of Florida, wdiich had been named by the adventurers the land of gold. Narvaez {nar-vah' eth) first made the attempt, in 1528, with 300 men. After enduring terrible disasters, only four of his companions returned to Spain to tell the story of their sufterings.

20. De Soto. — This did not prevent fresh adventurers. There came from Spain a renowned soldier, named De Soto, who had fought with Pizarro, and grown rich in Peru. His great ambition was to rival the conquest of Mexico by Cortez, and he thought he could find such an empire in Florida. He had been made governor of Cuba, and had obtained a royal grant of land in Florida. The thousand gallant men that landed with him in Tampa

16. Who was Ponce de Leou ? What was the object of his voyage ? What was his success ? Why did he name it Florida ?

17. What occurred in 1517 and 1518? What iu 1521 ? What else is said of the movements of the Spaniards?

13. What was the object of Ayllon's expedition? What discovery did it make? 19. What chiefly prompted the Spanish expeditious? What was Florida called ? Describe the expedition of Narvaez.

Bay in 1539 fared little better thaiiKarvaez and his companions. Their march, first north, then westward, was almost a continuons battle with the Indians.

21. The Mississippi discovered. — In the year 1541, after two years' wanderings through Georgia, Alabama,' and Mississippi, they reached the Mississippi River. On its banks De Soto, worn out with care and disappointment, died in the spring of 1542, and was buried in its waters. The few survivors made their way down the river to a Spanish settlement on the Gulf of Mexico.

22. Melendez {ma-len'deth)^ a Spanish noble, was more successful. Being made governor of Florida, he organized an expedition, and settled St. Augustine {fMc-giisteen!). This was in the year 1565. It is therefore the oldest town in the United States.

23. Pacific Coast. — In the year 1542 Cabrillo {ca-lreeHyo) was sent from Mexico to explore the Pacific coast to the northward. There were hopes that he would find a strait or passage to the Atlantic. Cabrillo reached the 44th degree of north latitude, and thus explored the coast of California and part of Oregon.

24. New-Mexico— Coronado. — Previous to the expedition of Cabrillo, Coronado {nah-do) was dispatched, in 1540, by the Viceroy of Mexico to strike north into the interior by the Avay of the River Gila (he'lah). While De Soto was in the wilds of Alabama, Coronado, far west, was, in 1541, toiling among the mountains near the headwaters of the Rio Grande {re-o gran-cly). He is said to have jTone as fiir north as Colorado.

20. Who was De Soto? What was his ambitiou? What had been given him by the Kinj? of Spain ? IIow many men went with him ? Where is Tampa Bay ? See Map, page 9. What is said of their march ?

21. What great discovery did he malce, and when ? What became of De Soto ? Through what states did he go ? What became of his companions ?

22. Who was Melendez ? What did he accomplish ?

23. Who was sent from Mexico in 1542 ? What was the object ? What did he explore ?

24. What expedition was dispatched in 1G40? What was its object? What is said of him and De Soto ? IIow far is Coronado said to have gone ?

DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS. 9

25. Espego. — Forty years after, Espego (es-^yd'ho) passed up the valley of the Rio Grande, and explored the same region. He named it New Mexico, and founded the town of Santa Fe (fa) in the year 1582.

EAKLY VOYAGES OF TUE SPANIARDS FKOSI CUBA AND OTUER ISLANDS.

26. Summary of Spanish Explorations. — The Spaniards, having planted themselves on the great islands they first discovered, pushed out in different directions to the main-land. They soon overran Central America, Mexico, and Peru. Within the present limits of the United States they were also active : 1. Florida, a vast and undefined region, was partially explored ; 2. The Mississippi Mas discovered ; 3, New Mexico was explored ; 4. St. Augustine and Santa Fe were founded; 5. The coast of California was examined for many leao:ues.

25. What exploration v.'as made in 15S1 ? What town did he found ?

26. What is said of the great islands they first discovered ? Give a list of their various explorations and settlements north of the gulf.

A 2

10 HISTORY OF TUE UNITED STATES.

27. We have seen that the discovery of America arose out of a desire to find a new route to India. This was in the interests of trade. Columbus started to reach India, and found what lie thought were the islands on its coast.

28. But no India trade came ; no pearls, no rubies, no rich goods. This, for some years, was a great disappointment to Spain; all the more because Portuguese navigators sailed round the Cape of Good Hope in 1498, and secured the trade of India to Portugal.

29. The Spaniards did not gain what they first sought, but they soon obtained wealth nearly as great. In less than twenty years immense quantities of gold and silver began to flow into Spain from Mexico and Peru. Before long she became the richest and mightiest nation of Europe. So much the discovery of Columbus did for Spain.

FRENCH EXPLORATIONS.

1. French Fishing-grounds. — As early as the year 1504 there were a number of French fishing-vessels around the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It was not then known by that name. In the year 1506 Dexys {den-ee), a Frenchman, drew, for the use of these fishermen, a rude map of the Gulf. This became a favorite fishing-ground, and ships of other nations congregated there.

2. Verrazani (vd-rat-tsah'ne), a Florentine, was sent out by the French king, in the year 1524, in command of an exploring expedition. He first touched the coast at North Carolina, and explored as far north as Newfoundland. It is believed that he entered the harbors of New York and Newport. Verrazani's voyage was the foundation of the French claim in America.

2T. What led to the discovery of America? 28. Why was Spain so much disappointed after the discovery? 2d. How were they compensated for not gaining the India trade ? What did this do for Spain ?

1. Where were the French in the beginning of the 16th century? What is eaid of Denys ? Who visited the Gulf besides the French ? .

2. Who was Verrazani ? What of his expedition ? What was founded on iL ?

DISCOVERIES AXD EXPLORATIONS. 11

3. The St. Lawrence — Cartier {cdr-te-d), sent out from 'France in 1534, entered the gulf which he named St. Lawrence, and then sailed a short distance up the river. In a second expedition, in the following year, he w^ent up the river as far as an Indian town, which he named Montreal. He tried to plant a settlement on the Island of Orleans {or-le-anz) ^ but failed. The terrible severity of the Northern winter and its extreme length so discouraged his companions, that they were glad to return to France in the spring. Cartier tried it again at the same place in 1541, with no better success.

4. The Huguenots in Florida. — Twenty-one years later, 1562, some French Pi*otestants, called Huguenots {hu-genots)^ were sent out by Coligny {ko-leen-ye)^ admiral of France, under Ribaut {re-bo), to try the milder climate of Florida. They built a fort at Port Royal Inlet, and twenty- six men were left to take care of it. Ribaut sailed back to France. 4The little garrison soon became homesick, quarreled among themselves, and killed their commander. Almost in despair, they then built a rude vessel, in which they set sail to France, and were picked up in a starving condition by an English ship.

5. Laudonniere. — Two years afterward, in 1564, three ship-loads of Huguenots, under Laudonniere {la?i-donydre), came to St. John's River and built a fort called Carolina. This was in honor of King Charles of France — Carolus being Latin for Charles. Melendez, of whom we have already read on page 8, determined to expel the Huguenots from his territory of Florida. Marching rapidly from St. Augustine, in 1565, he fell suddenly on the French at the fort, and put nearly all the men, women, and children to death.

3. What voyage was made in 1534? What is said of the cue in 1535? Did he ever make another attempt to settle ?

4. What attempt at settlement was made in 1562? Where did they settle? What became of the baud ? Where is Port Royal Inlet ?

5. What attempt was made soon after? How soon ? Why was the fort called Carolina ? What happened to the colony ?

6. De Gourges. — The French king did nothing when the news of this massacre reached Europe ; but De Goukges {du gooij'), a French soldier of fortune, equipped an expedition at his own expense, and sailed secretly to Fort Carolina. Swift destruction came to the garrison. Two hundred Spaniards "svere surprised, captured, and hung on trees. IlavinG^ taken this terrible reveng^e, De Gourc^es returned immediately to France.

7. Acadia— De Monts. — In the year 1603 a rich Huguenot courtier, named De Monts [dti-mong')^ obtained a grant of all the country from what is now New York to the Island of Cape Breton. Tliis tract w^as named Acadia, and in 1G05 the first permanent French settlement in America was made on it at Port Royal, now called Annapolis.

8. Champlain. — The distinguished explorer Champlain {sham-plane)^ a former companion of De Monts, founded Quebec on the St. Lawrence in 1608. In the spring of 1609 he discovered the lake that 'bears his name.

9. Divisions of French Territory. — Now, at last, the French foothold on the St. Lawrence and its neighborhood was secure. To the whole of that vast and little known region, stretching^ indefinitely westward, and embracing within its borders Canada and Acadia, was given the name of New Fran'ce. Canada was applied to the tract watered by the St. Lawrence and its tributaries. Acadia was limited to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Island of Cape Breton {hrit'-iin).

10. Summary of French Explorations. — The principal points to be borne in mind are, 1. The French fishixg- GROUNDS in and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence, as early as 1500; 2. the gulf explored, and a rude chart

6. How did the French king revenge this ? Who did revenge it ? Give an account of this.

7. What was Acadia at first ? Who obtained this tract? Give its first settlement. Where is Annapolis?

8. Who founded Quebec? Who was Champlain? What did he discover in 1G09 ? In what states is this ?

9. Name the divisions of French territory. What was meant by New France ? What did Canada embrace ? What did Acadia ? Did Acadia ever embrace more ?

DISCOVERIES AXD EXPLORATIOXS. 13

made of it, in 1506; 3. then came, naturally, the exploration of the St. Lawrence, in 1534 and 1535; and, 4. ATTEMPTED SETTLEMENTS on that rivev, 1535, 1541.

11. Permanent settlements, after more than sixtyyears, were made at Port Royal in 1605, and Quebec in 1608. The settlements in French Carolina, 1562 and 1564, as it was for some time called, were only temporary. The French made no claim, in after years, to this part of America. The French occupation was on the St. Lawrence and in Acadia.

12. The EARLY SETTLERS wcrc chicfly Huguenots. Religious persecution, or a desire for greater religious freedom, sent them to America.

ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS.

1. Frobisher. — Eighty years passed after the voyages of the Cabots before any English navigators again explored North America. In the year 1576 Martin Frobisher, in search of a north-west passage to India, entered the straits that bear his name. We see that one of the great ideas of these times was still the India trade,

2. New Albion— Drake. — In 1579 Sir Francis Drake was cruising in the Pacific in pursuit of plunder from Spanish merchant-ships. Sailing north, along the coast of California, he named it New Albion. He then entered and explored the Bay of San Francisco, hoping to find a passage to the Atlantic. He then returned to England by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

3. Gilbert. — About the same time an English gentleman, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, became desirous of plant-

10. Give the summary to the year 1541.

11. Mention the permanent settlements. What is said of those in French Carolina? "VNTiere was the French foothold?

12. Who were the early settlers? What prompted the emiijration ?

1. What exploration was made in 15TG ? What was its object ? What dees this show ? Ilow loner was this after the Cabots ?

2. Where was Drake ia 1579 ? What explorations did he make ? What did he hope to find ?

ing a colony in America. For this purpose lie received from Queen Elizabeth the grant of a large tract of land on the continent. In 1583 he sailed with three vessels. After taking possession of the Island of Newfoundland in the name of the queen, he sailed toward the main-land, near which one of his vessels was lost. The other two then put back to Europe. The one in which Sir Humphrey sailed foundered, and all on board perished.

4. Walter Raleigh {raw'li)^ a half-brother of Gilbert, took up the plan of colonization where Gilbert's death had left it. Being a courtier, and a great favorite of Queen Elizabeth, he readily obtained an ample patent.

5. Amidas and Barlow. — In 1584 Raleigh sent out two vessels, under Amidas and Barloav, to trade with the natives and explore the country. They coasted along Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, and returned to England with a very favorable account of the region. It was named Virginia, in honor of the virgin queen ; and Raleigh received the honor of knighthood from Elizabeth.

6. First Colony— Lane. — He immediately went to work with energy to plant a colony. Seven ships were sent out under Grenville in 1585. He landed at Roanoke Island, where he left one hundred and ten men under Ralph LxVXE. They nearly died from starvation in the year that followed, and, at their urgent entreaty, were carried back to England by Sir Francis Drake, who was cruising near the coast, looking for his friend Raleigh's colony.

1. Second Colony— White. — A second and more vigorous attempt was made b}^ Raleigh in 1587. In that year John White left one hundred and seventeen men, women, and children on Roanoke Island, and sailed back to

3. Who was Gilbert, and what object did he have in view ? What grant did he receive ? What did he accomplish ?

4. Who adopted Gilbert's scheme ? Who was Raleigh ? What did he obtain ?

5. Whom did Raleigh send out? What did they explore? What was the result ? What title was given him ?

6. What preparations did Raleigh make ? Who was left in charge of the colony ? IIow many were there ? How did the colony succeed ?

DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIOXS. 15

Englaiul for supplies. Three years passed before he returned, and tlien no vestige of tlie colony was to be found.

8. Raleigh gives up his Patent. — Raleigh had spent nearly ^200,000 in his attempts to settle a colony in Virginia. He was now deeply in debt, and assigned his patent to some citizens of London. These Londoners did not attempt to settle any colonies, but contented themselves with sending trading-vessels to the coast.

9. Gosnold— Pring. — In one of these ships Gosxold, in 1602, discovered and named Cape Cod, Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and the Elizabeth Islands. He was followed by a trading- vessel under Peixg in 1603, who explored a large part of the coast of Maine.

10. Virginia divided. — King James L, who succeeded Elizabeth, confiscated Raleigh's patent, and paid no attention to the interests of those to whom Raleigh had assigned it. He then, in 1606, dividq^. Virginia, which was, in fact, the entire English claim %n the continent, into two parts — North and South Virginia. To the London Co:mpany he gave South Virginia, extending from the 34th to the 38th degree north latitude. To the Plymouth Company he gave North Virginia, extending from the 41st to the 4oth degree.