Front matter
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A f
I
Book I
History of the first attempts to settle Virginia, before the discovery of Chesapeake bay.
PAGE.
§1. Sir Walter Raleigh obtains letters patent, for making discoveries in
2. Two ships set out on the discovery, and arrive at Roanoke inlet, . 9 Their account o!' the country, . . . . .9 Their account of the natives, . . . .9
3. Queen Elizabeth names the country of Virginia, . . .10
4. Sir Richard Greenvile's voyage, . . . . .10 He plans the first colony, under command or Mr. Ralph Lane, . 1 1
5. The discoveries and accidents of the (irst colony, . • .11
6. Their distress by want of provisions, . . . .12 Sir Francis Drake visits them, . . . • • 12 He gives them a ship and necessaries, . ■ . .12 He takes them away with him, . . . . .12
7. Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Richard Greenvile, their voyages, . 13 The second settlement made, . . . . .13
8. Mr. John White's expedition, . . . . .13 The first Indian made a Christian there, . . . .14 The first child born there of Christian parentage, . . .14 Third settlement, incorporated by the name of the city of Raleigh,
in Virginia, . . . . . . .14
Mr. White, their governor, sent home to solicit for supplies, . 14
9. John White's second voyage ; last attempts to carry them recruits, 14 His disappointment, . . . . . .15
10. Capt. Gosnell's voyage to the coast of Cape Cod, . .15
11. The Bristol voyages, . . . . . .10
12. A London voyage, which discovered New York, . . .16
Chapter II
Discovery of Chesapeake bay by the corporation of Ix)ndon adventurers ; their colony at Jamestown, and proceedings during the government by an elective president and council.
$13. The companies of London and Plymouth obtrin charters, . 18
14. Captain Smith first discovers the capes of Virginia, . . 19
15. He plants his first colony at Jamestown, .... 20 An account of Jamestown island, . . , .20
16. He sends the ships home, retaining one hundred and eight men
to keep possession. . . . , .20
IV
17. That colony's mismanagement, . . . . .21 Their misfortunes upon discovery of a supposed gold mine, . 21
18. Their first supplies after settlement, . . . .22 Their discoveries, and experiments in English grain, . , 22 An attempt of some to desert the colony, . . . .22
19. The first Christian marriage in that colony, . . .23 They make three plantations more, . . . .23
Chapter III
History of the .colony after the change of their government, from an elective president to a commissionated governor, until the dissolution of the company.
$20.
22. 23.
24. 25.
27. 28. 29. 30.
32. 33. 34.
35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
41. 42.
43. 44.
The company get a new grant, and the nomination of the gover
nors in themselves, ■ They send three governors in equal degree, All three going in one ship, are shipwrecked at Bermudas, They build there two small cedar vessels, Captain Smith's return to England, . <* .
Mismanagements ruin the colony, The first massacre and starving time, The first occasion of the ill character of Virginia, The five hundred men left by Captain Smith reduced to sixty in six months time. ......
The three governors sail from Bermudas, and arrive at Virginia, They take off the Christians that remained there, and design, by
way of Newfoundland, to return to England, . Lord Delaware arrives and turns them back, Sir Thomas Dale arrives governor, with supplies, Sir Thomas Gates arrives governor, He plants out a new plantation, .
Pocahontas made prisoner, and married to Mr. Rolfe, Peace with the Indians, ....
Pocahontas brought to England by Sir Thomas Dale,
Captain Smith's petition to the queen in her behalf,
His visit to Pocahontas,
An Indian's account of the people of England,
Pocahontas' reception at court, and death,
Captain Yardley's government,
Governor Argall's good administration,
Powhatan's death, and successors,
Peace renewed by the- successors,
Captain Argall's voyage from Virginia to New England
He defeats the French northward of New England,
An account of those French,
He also defeats the French in Acadia,
His return to England,
Sir George Yardley, governor,
He resettles the deserted plantation, and held the first assembly,
The method of that assembly,
The first negroes carried to Virginia,
Land apportioned to adventurers,
A salt work and iron work in Virginia,
Sir Francis Wyat made governor,
King James, his instructions in care of tobacco,
Captain Newport's plantation,
24 24 24 24 25 25 25 26
26 26
THE TABLE. V
45. Inferior courts in each plantation, . . . . .39 Too much familiarity with the Indians, . . . .39
46. The massacre by the Indians, anno 1622, . . .39
47. The discovery and prevention of it at Jamestown, . - 40
48. The occasion of the massacre, . . . . .41
49. A plot to destroy the Indians, . . . . .42
50. The discouraging effects of the massacre, . . .43
51. The corporation in England are the chief cause of misfortunes in
52. The company dissolved, and the colony taken into the king's
Chapter IV
History of Vie government, from the dissolution of the company to the s
$53. King Charles First establishes the constitution of government, in
the methods appointed by the first assembly, . . .45
54. The ground of the ill settlement of Virginia, . . .45
55. Lord Baltimore in Virginia, . . . . .46
56. Lord Baltimore, proprietor of Maryland, . . .46 Maryland named from the queen, . . . .46
57. Young Lord Baltimore seats Mai yland, . . . .46 Misiortune to Virginia, by making Maryland a distinct government, . . . . . . . .47
58. Great grants and defalcations from Virginia, . . .47
59. Governor Harvey sent prisoner to England, and by the king re-
manded back governor again, . . . . .47
60. The last Indian massacre, . . . . .48
61 . A character and account of Oppechancanough, the Indian em-
62. Sir William Berkeley made governor, . . . .49
63. He takes Oppechancanough prisoner, . . . .49 OppechancaDough's death, . . . . .50
64. A new peace with the Indians, but the country disturbed by the
troubles in England, . . . . . -50
65. Virginia subdued by the protector, Cromwell, . . .50
66. He binds the plantations by an act of navigation, . . 51
67. His jealousy and change of governors in Virginia, . . 51
68. Upon the death of Matthews, the protector's governor, Sir Wil-
liam Berkeley is chosen by the people, . . .52
69. He proclaims King Charles II before he was proclaimed in
70. King Charles II renews Sir William Berkeley's commission, . 52
71. Sir William Berkeley makes Colonel Morrison deputy governor,
and goes to England, . ■ . • . .53
The king renews the act concerning the plantation, . . 53
72. The laws revised, . . . . .53 The church of England established by law, . • .53
73. Clergy provided for by law, . . . . .53
74. The public charge of the government sustained by law, . 53
75. Encouragement of particular manufactures by law, . . 54
76. The instruction for all ships to enter at Jamestown, used by law, 54
77. Indian allairs settled by law, ... -54
78. Jamestown encouraged by law, . . • . .54 79 Upstraints upon sectaries in religion, . 55
VI THE TABLE. .
80. A plot to subvert the government, . . . .55
81. The defeat of the plot, . . . . . .55
82. An anniversary feast upon that occasion, , . .56
83. The king commands the building a fort at Jamestown, . 56
84. A new restraint on the plantations by act of parliament, . 56
85. Endeavors for a stint in planting tobacco, . . .56
86. Another endeavor at a stint defeated, . . . .57
87. The king sent instructions to build forts, and confine the trade to
certain ports, . ...... 57
88. The disappointment of those ports, . . . .58
89. Encouragement of manufactures enlarged, . . .58
90. An attempt to discovery the country backward, . .59 Captain Batt's relation of that discovery, . . .59
91. Sir William Berkeley intends to procecute that discovery in person, 60
92. The grounds of Bacon's rebellion, . . . .60 Four ingredients thereto, . . . . .61
93. First, the low price of tobacco, . . . . .61 Second, splitting the country into proprieties, . . .61 The country send agents, to complain of the propriety grants, . 61
94. Third, new duties by act in England on the plantations, . 62
95. Fourth, disturbances on the land frontiers by the Indians, . 62 First, by the Indians on the head of the bay, . . .62 Second, by the Indians on their own frontiers, . . .63
96. The people rise against the Indians, . . . .63 They choose Nathan Bacon, jr., for their leader, . . 63
97. He heads them, and sends to the governor for a commission, . 64
98. He begins his march without a commission, . . .64 The governor sends for him, . . . . .65
99. Bacon goes down in a sloop with forty of his men to the governor, 65
100. Goes away in a huff, is pursued and brought back by governor, 65
101. Bacon steals privately out of town, and marches down to the as-
sembly with six hundred of his volunteers, . . .65
102. The governor, by advice of assembly, signs a commission to Mr. Bacon to be general, . . . . . .66
103. Bacon being marched away with his men is proclaimed rebel,
104. Bacon returns with his forces to Jamestown,
105. The governor flies to Accomac, .... The people there begin to make terms with him,
106. Bacon holds a convention of gentlemen, They propose to take an oath to him,
107. The forms of the oath, .....
108. The governor makes head against him, . General Bacon's death, .....
109. Bacon's followers surrender upon articles,
110. The agents compound with the proprietors,
1 1 1 . A new charter to Virginia, ....
112. Soldiers arrive from England, ....
113. The dissolution by Bacon's rebellion,
114. Commissioners arrive in Virginia, and Sir William Berkeley re
turns to England, . . . . . .71
115. Herbert Jeffreys, esq., governor, concludes peace with Indians, 71
116. Sir Henry Chicheley, deputy governor, builds forts against Indians, 71 The assembly prohibited the importation of tobacco, . . 72
117. Lord Colepepper, governor, . . . . .72
118. Lord Colepepper's first assembly, . . #72 He passes several obliging acts to the country, . . ,72
THE TABLE.
VII
119. He doubles the governor's salary,
120. He imposes the perquisite of ship money,
121. He, by proclamation, raises the value of Spanish coins, and
lowers it again, .....
122. Sir Henry Chicheley, deputy governor, . The plant cutting, .....
123. Lord Colepepper's second assembly, He takes away appeals to the assembly,
124. His advantage thereby in the propriety of the Northern Neck,
1 25. He retrenches the new methods of court proceedings,
126. He dismantled the forts on the heads of rivers, and appointed
rangers in their stead, .....
1 27. Secretary Spencer, president, .
128. Lord Effingham, governor, ....
Some of his extraordinary methods of getting money, . Complaints against him, ....
129. Duty on liquors first raised, .
130. Court of Chancery by Lord Effingham,
131. Colonel Bacon, president, ....
The college designed, .....
132. Francis Nicholson, lieutenant governor, . He studies popularity, , The college proposed to him, ....
He refuses to call an assembly, ....
133. He grants a brief to the college,
134. The assembly address King William and Queen Mary for a col
lege charter, ......
The education intended by this college, .
The assembly present the lieutenant governor, .
His method of securing this present,
135. Their majesties grant the charter, They grant liberally towards the building and endowing of it,
136. The lieutenant governor encourages towns and manufactures, Gentlemen of the council complain of him and are misused, He falls off from the encouragement of the towns and trade,
137. Edmund Andros, governor, ....
The town law suspended, ....
138. The project of a post office, ....
139. The college charter arrived, .... The college further endowed, and the foundation laid, .
140. Sir Edmund Andros encourages manufactures, and regulates
the secretary's office, ......
141 . A child.born in the old age of the parents,
142. Francis Nicholson, governor, .... His and Colonel Q,uarrey's memorials against plantations,
143. His zeal for the church and college,
144. He removes the general court from Jamestown, .
145. The taking of the pirate, ....
146. The sham bills of nine hundred pounds for New York, .
147. Colonel Quarrey's unjust memorials,
148. Governor Nott arrived, .....
149. Revisal of the law finished, ....
150. Ports and towns again set on foot,
151. Slaves a real estate, .....
152. A house built for the governor, .... Governor dies, and the college burnt,
VIII THE TABLE.
153. Edmond Jennings, esq., president, . . . .89
154. Alexander Spotswood, lieutenant governor, . . .89
Book II
Natural Productions and Conveniences of Virginia in its unimproved state, before the English went thither.
CHAPTER I. Bounds and Coast of Virginia
§1. Present bounds of Virginia, . . . . .90
2. Chesapeake bay, and the sea coast of Virginia, . . .91
3- What is meant by the word Virginia in this book, . . 91
CHAPTER II. Of the Waters
§4. Conveniency of the bay and rivers, . . . .93
5. Springs and fountains descending to the rivers, . . .93
6. Damage to vessels by the worm, , . . . .94 Ways of avoiding that damage, . . . . .94
CHAPTER III. Earths, and Soils
§7. The soil in general, . . . . . .96
River lands — lower, middle and upper, . . . .96
8. Earths and clays, ....... 98
Coal, slate and stone, and why not used, . . . .98
9. Minerals therein, and iron mine formerly wrought upon, . 98 Supposed gold mines lately discovered, . . . .99 That this gold mine was the supreme seat of the Indian temples
That their chief altar was there also, . . . .99
Mr. Whitaker's account of a silver mine; . . .99
10. Hills in Virginia, . . . . . . 100
Springs in the high lands, . . . . .101
CHAPTER IV. Wild Fruits
$11. Spontaneous fruits in general, « 102
12. Stoned fruits, viz : cherries, plums and persimmons, . . 102
and strawberries, . . . . . ..„ 103
The report of some French vignerons formerly sent in thither, . 107
16. Honey, and the sugar trees, ..... 107
17. Myrtle tree, and myrtle wax, * 108 Hops growing wild, . . . . . .109
18. Great variety of seeds, plants and flowers, . . . 109 Two snake roots, . . * . . . 109 Jamestown weed, . . . . . .110
Some curious flowers, . . . . . .Ill
THE TABLE.
IX
19. Creeping vines hearing fruits, viz: melons, pompions, macocks,
gourds, maracocks, and cushaws,
20. Other fruits, roots and plants of the Indians, Several sorts of Indian corn, Of potatoes, ....
Tobacco, as it was ordered by the Indians,
CHAPTER V. Fish
$21. Great plenty and variety of fish,
Vast shoals of herrings, shad, &c., 22. Continuality of the fishery,
The names of some of the best edible fish,
The names of some that are not eaten, .
Indian children catching fish,
Several inventions of the Indians to take fish,
Fishing hawks and bald eagles, .
Fish dropped in the orchard,
CHAPTER VI. Wild Fowl and Hunted Game
§25. Wild Water Fowl,
26. Game in the marshes and watery grounds,
27. Game in the highlands and frontiers, Of the Opossum, Some Indian ways of hunting, .
Fire hunting, ....
Their hunting quarters, .
Conclusion, ....
83. 24.
117 117 118 118 118
lino
1:21 121
123 123 123 124
Book III
Indians, their Religion, Laws and Customs, in War and Peace.
CHAPTER I. Persons of the Indians, and their Dress
$1. Persons of the Indians, their color and shape, . . .127
2. The cut of their hair, and ornament of their head, . .128
3. Of their vesture, . . . . . . .128
4. Garb peculiar to their priests and conjurors, . . . 130
5. Of the women's dress, . . . . . .131
Chapter II
Matrimony of the Indians, and Management of their Children.
§6. Conditions of their marriage, . . . . .133
7. Maidens, and the story of their prostitution. . . .133
8. Management of the young children, . . . .134
CHAPTER III. Tmcns, Building and Fortification of tin Indians
$9. Towns and kingdoms of the Indiaus, . . . .135
10. Manner of their building, . • . . .135
11. Their fuel, or firewood, . . ... 136
12. Their seats and lodgirjg,
13. Their fortification!,
Chapter IV
Cookery and Food of the Indians. m §14. Their cookery,
15. Their several sorts of food,
16. Their times of eating,
17. Their drink,
18. Their ways of dining,
CHAPTER V. Traveling, Reception and entertainment of the Indians
§19. Manner of their traveling, and provision they make for it, Their way of concealing their course,
20. Manner of their reception of strangers, The pipe of peace, . . .
21. Their entertainment of honorable friends,
CHAPTER VI. Learning and Languages of the Indians
§22. That they are without letters,
Their descriptions by hieroglyphics, . ,
Heraldry and arms of the Indians, 23. That they have different languages,
Their general language, ....
CHAPTER VII. War and Peace of the Indians
§24. Their consultations and war dances, ,
25. Their barbarity upon a victory, .....
26. Descent of the crown, ..*...
27. Their triumphs for victory, . . , .
28. Their treaties of peace, and ceremonies upon conclusion of peace,
CHAPTER VIII. Religion, fVorship and Superstitious Customs of the Indians
§29. Their quioccassan and idol of worship, 30. Their notions of God, and worshiping the evil spirit, , 31. Their pawwawing or conjurations,
32. Their huskanawing,
33. Reasons of this custom, .
34. Their offerings and sacrifice, " .
35. Their set leasts, •
36. Their account of time, .
37. Their superstition and zealotry, .
38. Their regard to the priests and magicians,
39. Places of their worship and sacrifice, Their pawcorances or altar stones,
40. Their care of the bodies of their princes after death,
136 136
138 139 140 140 141
142 142 143 143 145
147 140 147
148 148
149 149 150 150 151
XI
CHAPTER IX. Diseases and Cures of the Indians
§41. Their diseases in general, and burning for cure, Their sucking, scarifying and blistering, Priests' secrecy in the virtues of plants, . Words wisoccan, wighsacan' and woghsacan, Their physic, and the method of it,
42. Their bagnios or baths, Their oiling after sweating,
CHAPTER X. Sports and Pastimes of Vie Indians
Their sports and pastimes in general,
. 175
Their singing, .....
• 175
Their dancing, .....
. 1 75
A mask used among them,
. 176
Their musical instruments,
. 177
§43.
Chapter XI
Laws, and Authorities of the Indians among one another.
§44. Their laws in genera], . . . . . .178
Their severity and ill manners, . . . . .178
Their implacable resentments, . . . . .179
45. Their honors, preferments and authorities, . . .179
Authority of the priests and conjurers, . . . 179
Servants or black boys, . . . . . -179
CHAPTER XII. Treasure or Riches of the Indians
§46. Indian money and goods, . . . . .180
CHAPTER XIII. Handicrafts of the Indians
§47. Their lesser crafts, as making bows and arrows, . .182
48. Their making canoes, ...... 182
Their clearing woodland ground, . . . .183
49. Account of the tributary Indians, . . . . 1 85
CHAPTER III. Public Offices of Government
§8. General officers as are immediately commissionated from the throne, 196 Auditor, Receiver General and Secretary, . Salaries of those officers, . 9. Other general officers,
Ecclesiastical commissary and country's treasurer
10. Other public officers by commission, Escheators, ....
Naval officers and collectors, Clerks and sheriffs, Surveyors of land and coroners, .
1 1 . Other officers without commission,
§12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
§18.
19. 20. 21.
§22. 23. 24.
CHAPTER IV. Standing Revenues or Public Funds
Public funds in general, ...... 200
Quit rent fund, ....... 200
Funds for maintenance of the government, . . . 201 Funds for extraordinary occasions, under the disposition of the assembly, . 201
Revenue granted by the act of assembly to the college, . . 202
Revenue raised by act of parliament in EDgland from the trade there,
Chapter V
Levies for Payment of the Public, County and Parish Debts.
Several ways of raising money,
Titheables,
Public levy,
County levy,
Parish levy,
CHAPTER VI. Courts of Law in Virginia
Constitution of their courts,
Several sorts of courts among them,
General court in particular, and its jurisdiction,
203 203 203 204 204
205 206 206
THE TABLE .
XIII
Times of holding a general court,
. 206
Officers attending this court,
. 206
Trials by juries and empannelling grand juries, .
. 207
Trial of criminals, ....
. 207
Time of suits, .....
. 208
Lawyers and pleadings, ....
. 208
County courts .....
. 208
Orphans' courts, ....
. 209
00. 41. 42. 43. 44.
§50. 51, 52.
§53. 54. 55.
§56. 57.
CHAPTER VII. Church and Church Jljfairs
Parishes, .....
Churches and chapels in each parish,
Religion of the country, .
Benefices of the clergy, .
Disposition of parochial affairs, .
Probates, administrations, and marriage licenses,
Induction of ministers, and precariousness of their livings,
CHAPTER VIII. Concerning the College
College endowments, .....
The college a corporation, ....
Governors and visitors of the college in perpetual succession, College buildings, .....
Boys and schooling, .....
CHAPTER IX. Military Strength in Virginia
Forts and fortifications, .
Listed militia, ....
Number of the militia,
Service of the militia,
Other particulars of the troops and companies,
CHAPTER X. Servants and Slaves
Distinction between a servant and a slave,
Work of their servants and slaves,
Laws in favor of servants, ....
CHAPTER XL
Provision for the Poor, and other Public Charitable Works.
Legacy to the poor, .....
Parish methods in maintaining their poor, Free schools, and schooling of children, .
CHAPTER XII. Tenure of Lands and Grants
Tenure and patents of their lands, Several ways of acquiring grants of land.
214 214 215 215 215
217 217 217 218 218
219 219 220
223 223 22 1
225 225
XIV
THE TABLE.
58. 59. 60. 61.
§62. 63,
§64.
§65. 66.
Rights to land, . . . . . . '
Patents upon survey, .....
Grants of lapsed land,
Grants of escheat land, .....
225 226 227
228 228 from
Public buildings, Private buildings,
Buildings in Virginia.
CHAPTER XVII. Edibles, Potables and Fuel
231 232
234 235
§70. Cookery, .
. 236
71. Flesh and fish, ....
. 236
72. Bread,
. 237
73. Their kitchen gardens, .
. 237
74. Their drinks, .
. 238
75. Their fuel, '
.238
CHAPTER XVIII. Clothing in Virginia
Slothfulness in handicrafts, ..... 239
Chapter XIX
Temperature of the Climate, and the Inconveniences attending it.
§77. Natural temper and mixture of the air, .... 240 78. Climate and happy situation of the latitude, . . . 240 r n K TABL K
XV
79. Occasions of its ill character,, Rural pleasures, ....
80. Annoyances, or occasions of uneasiness,
Thunders, ....
Heat, .....
Troublesome insects,
Sudden changes of the weather,
CHAPTER XX. Diseases incident to the Country
§82. Diseases in general, .
83. Seasoning, . . . -
84. Cachexia and yaws,
CHAPTER XXI. Recreations and Pastimes in Virginia
252 253 253 253
§86. Diversions in general, ....
. 254
87. Deer-hunting, . . . . . .
. 254
88. Hare-hunting, .....
. 254
89. Vermin-hunting, ....
. 255
90. Taking wild turkies, ....
. 256
91. Fishing, .
. 256
92. Small game, .....
. 256
. 256
94. Horse-hunting, .....
. 257
95. Hospitality, ......
. 258
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