The United States reader; embracing selections from eminent American historians, orators, statesmen and poets, with explanatory observations, notes, etc. The whole arranged so as to form a complete class-manual of United States history ...

Front matter

Chap.tL7Sopyriglit No..

Shelt'.A.5'.?L.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Preface

The gmBval j)lan of this work corresponds very nearly with that of the Histokical Reader, recently presented to the public ; and its object, like that work, is to teach history so as to cultivate, at the same time, the taste of the pupil for historical reading and study, and to aiford in connection therewith, appropriate materials for reading-lessons and exercises in elocution.

It is quite often a subject of complaint among intelligent educators, that the materials of most of the reading-books in use supply to so small an extent the means of imparting useful information, or of instilling a taste for the perusal of instructive books. Their desultory character has, without doubt, a tendency to prevent this result.

In the present work, a sufficient variety of composition, it is believed, is supplied to afford every necessary exercise in elocution; while the subject-matter is connected, from beginning to end, not only by notes and observations, but by a continuous text, so as to form a succinct narrative of all the great events in our history. It is thus not only a Reading-Booh, but a complete History of the United States.

The selections are chiefly from the most eminent historians

2 Preface.

(witli few exceptions, American) ; also from the illustrious orators and statesmen who have, by the splendor of their genius and patriotism, shed a peculiar lustre upon our annals. Some of the great events are still further illustrated by choice Extracts, chiefly from the most illustrious of the American ■ poets, all having a tendency to infuse into the mind of the youthful student a warm patriotic sentiment, as well as to impress deeply upon his memory the history of die events referred to in these beautiful and spirit-stirring verses.

Nor is it the smallest consideration, that the pupil, by the use of such a compilation as this, of necessity acquires a knowledge of the best writers, and is enabled, after discontinuing its use, or in connection with it, to arrange for himself a proper course of historical reading; since the author has been careful to insert in connection with the pieces the names of their writers, as well as the works from which they have been extracted.

The text of the history is brief and direct, and, in order that the original and selected matter may be at once distinguished, has been printed in smaller type, though, it is believed, sufficiently conspicuous to be easily and conveniently legible. The author has used no questions, but has arranged the matter in brief paragraplis with prominent headings, indicating at once the events described. This arrangement seemed to be better 'adapted to the plan of topical study and recitation, which in the author's judgment has, especially in history, very many advantages. The model of analysis will supply further aid to teachers in the proper method of conducting recitations.

The Progressive Ma2)s which have been inserted, particulai'ly

Preface. 3

that illustrating the Territorial Growth of the nation, will be found of great value, not only in teaching the geographical position of the places referred to in the text and selections, but also by presenting the great features of the nation's progress and development at different periods. The Vocabulary of Difficult Wo7'ds, and the Biofjraphical Index of Authors, will also be found very useful appendages to a work of this character.

The author submits this work to the impartial examination and trial of his fellow-teachers, confident that it will prove a valuable addition to the ordinary means of teaching history, in bringing the pupil's mind in communion with the masterpieces of so many gifted writers ; and that, even Avhere a simple compilation is used, this work wiil perform an important service as an auxiliary.

New York, May, 1873.

In issuing a neAV edition of the United States Reader, the author has been induced to insert, as introductory to the body of the work, a brief exposition of the Pri7iciples of Elocution, "with exercises and illustrative selections, together with references to such pieces in the Eeader itself as may be used for still farther illustration and practice. This has been done in compliance with the wishes of many teachers who have experienced a need of more material for direct elocutionary instruction. With this addition, the author feels confident that nothing is wanting to render the work complete as a Reading Book.

A List of Authors, for reference and additional study, has also been added.

New York, February, 1873.

With references to the pages containing selections from each.

Page

Allen 143

Armstrong 214

Baillic 12

Beach 357

Bellows 372

Broflhead 91, 99

Bryan t 199

Campbell 53

Claik 343

Clay 281

De Chastellux 178

Diiganne 351

Est van 353

Franklin 220

Garden ..200

Gillett 294

Greeley 237, 346

Greene 181

Grimshaw 133

Guizot 241

Hawthorne 136

Headlcy 268,290

Hemans 51

Hildreth 38,228

Holmes, A 168

Hooper 318

Hopkinson 244

Jackson 315

Jay 224

Jefferson 254

Key 293

Leo 199

LcTasseur 808

Page

Lincoln 348, 305

Lossing 115

Lyons .326

Mackenzie 264, 3 .'0

Mackintosh , 230

Mansfield 327, 3.3:J

Marshall 248

Mason 246

Maxcy 139

Mirabeau 235

Nott , 257

Omc 174

Palfiey .^ ... 59

Pierpont 65, 149

Pollard SO!)

Prcscott 17, 27

Putnam .361

Kjimsay 1 00, 220

Randall 106, 252

Read 36rt

Ripley 323

Robertson 11

Southey ^1

Story 373

Sumner 309

Sweet 341

Tinibs 201

Washington 213, 218

Webster, Noah 301

Webster, Daniel 156, .307, 3;J9

Willis 205

Winthrop 316

Wirt 312

Contents

Introduction - Principles of Elocution - List of

Authors.

Section L— Discoveries and Explorations.

Section II.— Colonial History

Sir Hnmnhrev Gilbert's Voyage (44)_: Voyage of Amidas and Bar- Vow (44); First Attempts at Sett ement in Virgmia (44).

Settlement of Jamestown Oraliame. 44

^ , ^ Remans. 51

Pocahontas. . -

Virginia under the Second Charter (.52) ; Third Charter (52); Dissolu-

"^ion of the Company (53). , „ -o

The Cultivation and Use of Tobacco Campbell. o3

The Navi"-ation Act (55); Bacon's Rebellion (50) ; Subsequent nistxT.ry S Massachusetts (5ti) ; Explorations of New ilugland (5b) ; The Puritans (.57); Voyage of the Mayflower (57).

Landing of the Pilgrims Sou^^ei/. 57

Settlement of Plymouth ;^^«'» J?

History of Plymouth (66); Massachusetts Bay Colcny (66); Rhode

Ro^er Williams and the Settlement of Providence Bancroft, o i

Rhode Island Plantation (71); New Hamps^ike (71); Connecticut (71); Connecticut Colony (71); Saybrook Colony ('V' P^l/'o^ \Var("2)-. New Haven Colony (72); Union of the Colonies (7^),

The Charter Oak (.72). n % 7Q

The New England Confederacy Omhame. 7d

6 Contents.

PAGE.

Eliot's Efforts to convert the Indians Grahame. 74

Persecution of the Quakers (TS); Kin;? Philip's War ("!)).

Death and Ciiaracter of King Philip Irving. 79

The Indian Hunter Longfellow. 81

Coinage in Massachnsetts Everett. 83

Arbitrary Conduct of Charles II. (85); King William's War (85); Salem Witchcraft (86).

Witchcraft in Massachusetts Everett. 8G

Queen Anne's War (89); King George's War (90).

The Pilgrims Everett. 90

New Yorlc (91); Discovery of the Hudson River (91). Voyage of the Half-Moon Brodhead. 91

Colonization of the Country (95); Governor-sof New Netherlands (96).

Character of Peter Stuy vesant Irving. 96

Conquest of New Netherlands by the English Brodhead. 99

First English Governor (106); Negro Plot (106); Subsequent History (106); New Jeksey (106); Maryland (107); Settlement of St. Mary's (107).

Commencement of Colonization in Maryland Bancroft. 107

Subsequent IHstory of the Colony (110); Pennsylvania (110); Grant to William Penn (110); Founding of Pliiladelphia (110); Treatment of the Swedes (110) ; Subsequent History (111).

Penn's Treaty with the Lulians Anon. Ill

Delaware (112); Conquest of the Dutch (112); Subsequent History (113); NoEiTH and South Carolina (113); Georgia (113); Grant to Oglethorpe (113); War with the Spaniards (114).

Section III. — The French and Indian War. Causes of the War (114); Washington's Mission (114)

Incidents of Washington's Journey. Lossing. 115

Events of 1754(117); Events of 1755 (118); Braddock's Expedition (118).

Defeat of Braddock Sparks. 118

Other Expeditions of 175.'j (121); Events of rio6 (192); Events of 1757 (12i); Events of 17.58 (122); Events of 17.59 (123).

Taking of Quebec and Death of Wolfe Parkman. 123

Events of 1760, and Close of the War (127).

State of the Colonies in 17(55 Grahame. 127

Section IV. — The American Revolution. Causes (133)

The Stiunp Act GrimxJiaw. ITS

Effect of its Passage (135); Other Measures of Taxation (135).

Tlie Boston Massacre Ilaicthorne. 1C6

Tax upon Tea (1-38); Boston Port Bill (139); First General Congress (i:i9); Minute Men (i:?.t).

The First American Congress Maxcy. 139

Events of 1755 (HC).

Battle of Lexington 0. W. Holmes. 141

Capture of Ticonderoga Ethan Allen. 143

Second Continental Congress (145).

Contents. 7

PAGE.

Appointment of General Washington Sparks. 145

Battle of Bunker Hill (149).

Warren's Address ' Pierponi. 149

Conduct of Lord Dunmore (150); Invasion of Canada (15U).

Montgomery's Attack on Quebec Parton. 151

Evacuation of Canada (153) ; Events of HTO (153); Evacuation of Boston (158); Repulse of tiie Uritisli from Charleston (154); Declaration of Indepeudeuce (154).

Independence Bell Anon. 154

Speech of John Adams Webster. 156

The Declaration of Independence Jefferson. 160

Debate in Congress on the Declaration Randall. 160

Heading of the Declaration tu the Army Penn. Journal. 167

Battle of Long Island Holmes. 168

Retreat of Washington (1~.3); Battle of Trenton (173): Battle of Princeton (174).

Washington at Princeton Miss C. F. Orne. 174

An-ival of Lafayette (175).

First Anniversaiy of tlie Declaration of Independence. Pe/ift. Ji^tir. 176

Battle of Brandy wine (177); Battle of Germantown (177); Burgoyne's Expedition (177).

Surrender of Burgoyne De Chastellux. 178

Washington at Valley Forge Theodore Parker. 179

Life at Valley Forge Geo. W. Greene. 181

Events of 1773 (1&4); Evacuation of Philadelphia (184).

Battle of Monmouth Irving. 184

Attacii on Rhode Island (180); Massacre of Wyoming (189); Capture of Savannah (189); Events of 1779 (190) ; Battle of Chemung (190); Paul Jones's Victory (190).

Paul Jones's Naval Battle Parton. 19C

Repulse of the Americans at Savannah (194).

Pulaski's Banner Longfellow. 194:

Events of 1780 (19i); Taking of Charleston (195); Partisan Warfare in the South (195).

Marion's Brigade Ramsay. 196

Song of Marion's Men Bryant. 199

Marion, Sumter, and Pickens II. Le3. 199

Arnold's Treason (201).

Execution of Major Andre Alexander Hamilton. 203

Andre's Last Request Willix. 205

Benedict Arnold Garden. 206

Events of 1781(207); Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Troops (207); Measures of Relief (208): Battle of iheCowpens (208); Retreat of Morgan and Greene (208): Battle of Guilford Court-House (208); Battle of Hobkirk's Hill (208); Battle of Eutaw Springs (2J9).

Character of General Gi'eene Hamilton. 209

Siege of Yorktown, and Surrender of Cornwallis (211).

Ycnktown Whittier. 211

Expedition of Arnold (212); Close of the Revolution (21>); Difficulties at the Close (.f the War (212); Proposal of Colonel Nicola (2131

8 Contents.

TAOE.

Washington's Reply to Colonel Nicola 213

Newburg Addresses (214).

Acldi'ess to the Armj^ 314

Washington's Address to the Officers of the Armj"- 318

Disbandment of the Army (S-^O); Retirement of Washington (220).

Washington Resiguiug his Commission Ramsay 330

Eminent Statesmen, of tlie Revolution Sparks. 333

Mount Vernon Bev. Wm. Jay. 324

Weakness of the Confederacy (224) ; Adoption of the Constitution (224).

Insufficiency of the Confederation Hamilton. 235

Motion for Prayers in the Convention Franklin. 336

Election of President and Vice-President (228) .

Section" V. — The Nation.

Inauguration of Waahington Hildreth. 338

The Launching of tlie Ship Lonrjfellow. 331

Washington's Administration (2.3:3); Additional States (233); Death of Frunldiii (233).

Last Hours of Dr. Fj-anklin Parton. 334

Eulogy on Franklin Mirabeau. 335

Character of Franklin Mackintosh. 336

Franklin and AVasliington Oreeley. 237

Harmai-'s Expedition (2.381; St. Clair's Expedition (2.39); Wayne's

E.\-peditioii C-'S!)); Troi'lile with the French Minister (2-39);

Whiskey Insurrection (239); Jay's Treaty (239).

Wasliington at Mount Vernon Irving. 240

The Retirement of Washington Quizot. 241

John Adams's Administration (244) ; Trouble with France (244). Hail, Cohuuhia Hopkinson. 344

Death of Washington (24()).

Tribute to Washington Mason. 346

Character of Washington Marshall. 248

Removal of the Capital (251).

The Election of Jefferson Randall. 253

Advice to the Nation , Jefferson. 254

Admission of Ohio (25(i); Purchase of Louisiana (256); War with Tripoli (2d7) ; Dnel between Hamilton and Burr (257).

Eulogy on Iluniilton l^>'. Nott. 257

Re-election of Jefl'erson (2(U)); Burr's Subsequent ITislory (260); Trouble with England (2(i0); A flair of the C'uesapeake and Leopard (2111); The Embargo Act (261).

Steam Navigation Timbs. 361

King Cotton Robt. Mackenzie. 264

Madison's Administration (267); War of 1812 (W67); Little Belt wd President (267) ; Battle of Tippecanoe (267); Surrender of Detroit (26S).

Battle of Queenstown J. T. Headley. 268

Captiu'e of the Guerriere by the Constitution Cooper. 270

Contents. 9.

PAGE.

Other Naval Victories (280); Career of the Constitution (280). Old Ironsides O.W. Holmes. 280

American Privateers (281) ; Opposition to the War (381).

Necessity of tlie War of 1812 Ilenvy Clay. 281

Campaign of 1813 (286); Perry's Victory (280); Battle of the Thames

(287); Defeat of the Creeks (287); Campaign in Canada (287);

Naval Actions (288) ; Campaign of 1814 (289); Ross's Expedition

Burning of Wasliington J. T. Headley. 290

Attack on Baltimore (293).

Tiie Star-Spaogled Banner Key. 293

The Flag of Washington F. W. OiUett. 294

Surrender of the Essex (295); Seizure of Pensacola (295); Expedition against New Orleans (295).

Battle of New Orleans Parton. 295

Hartford Convention (300).

Objects of tiie Hartford Convention Noah Webster. 301

Treaty of Peace with England (303); War with Algiers (30.3); Monroe's Administration (304); War with the Seminofes (304); Cession of Florida to the United States (304); New States (30 .) ; Missouri Compromise (305).

Death of Commodore Decatur Cooper. 305

Monroe Doctrine (307); Visit of Lafayette (3)7).

Address to Lafayette Webster. 307

Lafayette at Mount Vernon Levasseur. 308

Death and Character of Lafayette Sumner. 309

JohnQuinc3' Adams's Administration (311).

Death of John Adams Theodore Parker. 311

Adams and Jefferson Wirt. 313

The American System (314); Jackson's Administration (314) ; Black Hawk War (314) ; Nullification (314).

Proclamation to South Carolina Jackson. 315

War with the Seminoles (317) ; Captivity of Osceola (317).

Osceola Lucy Hoo'per. 318

Van Biiren's Administration (319) ; Rebellion in Canada (319) ; Harrison and Tyler's Administration (320) ; Annexation of Texas (.320).

Texas Robt. Mackenzie. 320

Polk's Administration (.322) ; War with Mexico (322). Battle of Resaca de la Palma R. 8. Ripley. 323

Taking of Matamoras and Monterey (32j).

The Martyr of Monterey Rev. J. G. Lyons. 326

General Kearney's Expedition (327).

March of Colonel Doniphan Mansfield. 327

Conquest of California (331) ; Battle of Buena Vista (333). The Angels of Buena Vista Whittier. 332

General Scott's Expedition (333) ; Occupation of Mexico (333). American Conquest of Mexico Mansfield. 333

Treaty of Peace with Mexico (.335) ; Taylor's and Fillmore's Administrations (336); Admission of California (336).

Eulogy on Zachary Taylor R. C. Winthrop. 336

I o Contents.

PAGE.

Eulogy on John C. Calhoun Webster. 339

Death of Henry Clay (341).

Oratory of Henry Cl.ay S. K Siceet. 341

Death of Daniel Webster (343).

Eulogy on Daniel Wobsler Clark. 343

PierceV Administration (341); Civil War in Kansas (345); Buchanan's AdniinistraMon (34.5) ; Brown's Raid (345) ; Election of Abraham Lincoln (345) ; Hostilities at Charleston (;345) ; Ordinar.ces of Secession (34(i).

Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Greeley. 346

The Constitution and the People Lincoln. 348

Capture of Fort Sumter (350) ; Uprising of the North (350) ; Conduct of the Slave States (.350) ; Movements of the National Army (350).

Bethel Duganne. 351

Battle of Bull Run (353) ; War in Missouri (352) ; Union Naval Victories (352).

The Merrimac and the Monitor Estvdn. 353

The Last Broadside Eliz. T. P. Beach. 357

Battle of Shiloh (.3.^8) : Capture of New Orleans (358) ; Defeat of Mc- Clellan (358) ; Invasion of Maryland (3o9).

Barbara Frietchie Whittier. 359

History of Our Flag Rev. A. P. Putnam. 361

Battle of Fredericksburg (.364) ; Emancipation Proclamation (364) ; Battle of Chancellorsville (364) ; Battle of Gettysburg (364).

National Cemetery at Gettysburg Lincoln. 3G5

Capture of Vicksburg, etc. (36.5) ; Operations of Grant, Sherman, and Thomas (366) ; Grunt's Campaign in Virginia (366) ; Operations in the Shenandoah Valley (366).

Sheridan's Ride Read. 3GG

Destruction of the Alabama (36S) ; Victory by Admiral Farragut (368); Victories of Sherman (368); Occupation of Richmond (368).

Evacuation of Richmond Pollard. 369

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (371).

United States Sanitary Commission H. W. Bellows. 372

Administrations of Johnson (376) ; Grant (377).

Chicago Whittier. 378

Centennial Address W. M. Evarts. 379

Centennial Hynin Whittier. 381

Administrations of Hayes (382) ; Garfield (383^ ; Arthur (383) ; Cleveland (384) ; Territorial Growth of the United States (387) : Civil Progress of the Nation (.390).

The Future of the Republic Story. 385

Biographical Index of Authors 411 nSTTEODUCTIOK

' PEINCIPLES OF ELOCUTIOK I

Elocftio^st is the oral communication of thought. When the thought has been previously embodied in written composition, elocution becomes recitation or reading. It is recitation when the composition has been committed to memory, and reading when the composition is delivered from book or manuscript.

The principles of elocution are, therefore, applicable to reading, recitation, public speaking, and conversation. They may be grouped under articulation, projiunciation, inflection, emphasis, pauses, and modulation.

Artictilation is the utterance of the elementary sounds of the language. Distinct articulation is the basis of good elocution.

The elementary sounds are the sounds composing syllables and words. They are variously represented by the letters of the alphabet, and may be divided into three classes ; namely. Vocals, Sub-vocals, and Aspirates.

Vocals are complete or open sounds expressed by the vowels; sub-vocals are sounds modified by the teeth, lips, etc. ; aspirates are simple emissions of breath, modified like the sub-vocals. Vocals are represented by the vowels; sub-vocals and aspirates, by the consonant letters.

The following is a table of the elementary sounds. [The marks are those used in Webster's Dictionary.]

VOCALS.

Long.

Short.

a as in ape 1.

as in end t

K « air 2.

a ada ti l( arm 3.

ask

Xil

United States Reader.

Long.

Slm-t.

as in eve

I as in it e

U i< earn* u up o oak

(No corresponding short sound.)

Q

« u do u i( <i bull or ox

Diphthongal.

9. 10. 11.

oi ou u as in <i « ice oil our use equivalent « to « a and \ 6 " 1 " Q

Pj'onounced in one sound.

Modifying.

y as in yet equivalent to

I joined to et w i( t(

Avet u "

et

SUB-VOCALS.

A.SPIRATES.

b as m bed correlative with p as iVi pet d did tin g g'g keg

J j"g ch ' "

chin

G.

sun th thiue til " "

thin zh azure sli " "

shall

Liquid Suh- vocals

Open.

as in let h as in he m man wh when noon

(equivalent to o and li.)

r run

SS song

The above tabic sliows that there arc 14 vocals: — 8 simple, 4 diphthongal, and 2 modifying; also that there are 13 sub-vocals,, and 10 aspirates, making in all 44 elementary sounds in tlie language. These sounds are variously represented by single letters, and by diphthongs and triphthongs. Thus in the

* u in urn is this sound slightly modified ; but not a distinct sound.

Introduction

Xlll word tlieir, ei is equivalent to d, and in the word view, ieiv is equivalent to u.

The following exercises will practice the pupil in articulation and phonic analysis.

Spell the following wo7'ds by their sounds, and ai

'ticulate with distinctness.

bought guard honor usury though wolf humble despiseth search would valiant scientist which sphere beauty elysium judge laugh dutiful oceanic deign dauut fearlessly omniscient height choir merrily tournament sieve guide drowsiness mistiness posts texts treasury conscientious